Former Arabian Polities
al-Hasa: see under Saudi
Arabia
Manfuha (Manfuhah)
1682
Sheikhdom of Manfuha (Manufuah)
1834
Diriyah (Wahhabi)
rule (see Nejd).
Sheikhs
1682 –
1726
Dawwas ibn `Abd Allah ibn
Sha`lan (d. 1726)
1726 –
1727
Muhammad
I
(d. 1727)
1727 –
17..
`Abd Allah I ibn Faris
bf.1746 –
17..
`Ali ibn Mazru`
c.1755 -
...
Muhammad II ibn `Abd Allah ibn Faris
c.1809 –
18..
`Abd Allah II ibn Mazru`
18.. –
1825
Ibrahim ibn Mazru`
1825 –
1834
Mishari ibn `Abd ar-Rahman ibn
Mishari ibn Sa`ud
Abu `Arish
13th
cent.
Sheikhdom of Abu `Arish
1627 -
1750
Under the Imams of Yemen.
1750
Sheikdom (restored).
1803 -
1819
Under Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule
(see Nejd).
1830 -
1840
Egyptian
occupation.
1863
Annexed to `Asir.
Sheiks
1750 -
1863
....
Ar-Bir
16..
Sheikhdom of ar-Bir in the Sudayr region.
1850
State suppressed.
Sheikhs
16..-
...
Muhammad ibn al-`Aqir
... -
...
`Abd Allah ibn al-`Aqir
... -
...
Hamad ibn Muhammad
.. -
1850
....
Raudha
bf.1697
Sheikhdom of Raudha
....
State suppressed.
Sheikhs
bf.1697 –
17..
Madhi ibn Ghazir
17.. -
1745
Muhammad
(d. 1745)
1745 –
1757
Fauzan ibn Ghazir ibn Madhi
1757 –
17..
`Umayr ibn Ghazir
17.. –
1782
`Aun ibn Mani' al-Madhi
1782 –
17..
`Aqil ibn Man'i al-Madhi
Khardj (Kharj)
c.1688
Emirate of Khardj (Kharj).
1804 –
1818
Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
1818 –
1823
Egyptian occupation (see Burayda).
1847
United with Nejd.
Emirs
c.1688 -
...
Zamil ibn `Uthman Mishari
c.1740 -
1776
Zayid (1st
time)
(d. 1783)
1776
Sulayman ibn `Ufaysan (1st time)
1776 -
1783
Zayid (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1783 -
1784
Barrak
(d. 1784)
1784 -
1785
Turki
1785 -
1793
Sulayman ibn `Ufaysan (2nd time)
1793 -
1804
Ibrahim ibn `Ufaysan
1804 –
1818
Wahhabi rule
1818 –
1823
Egyptian rule
1823 -
1825
Zaqm ibn Zamil
1825 -
1828/30
`Umar ibn Muhammad ibn
`Ufaysan (d. 1839)
1830 –
184.
Fahd ibn `Abd Allah ibn `Ufaysan
Hejaz: see under Saudi Arabia
Al-Qasim (Qassim) Region
`Unayzah (`Anayza)
1768
Emirate of Unayzah (`Unaizah/`Anayza/Anizah).
1819 – 1822
Egyptian
occupation.
1822
Al-Sulaim family comes to power.
1839 –
1840
Egyptian occupation.
1849
Diriyah (Wahhabi)
rule (see Nejd).
Mar
1904
Annexed to Nejd.
Emirs
1768
`Abd Allah ibn Hamad ibn
Zamil (d.
1768)
1768 -
1788
Yahya ibn `Ali
1788 -
....
`Abd Allah II ibn Yahya
.... -
1819
`Abd Allah III ibn
Rashid
(d. 1819)
al-`Alaiyan
c.1819 -
1822
`Abd Allah IV
al-Djama'i
(d. 1822)
18.. –
18..
Sulayman ibn Rashid al-`Alaiyan
18.. – 1836
Yahya II
(d. 1836)
1841 -
1845
`Abd Allah V
1845 –
1848
Ibrahim
1848 –
1849
Nasir
as-Suhaym
(d. 1858)
Governors-general
1849 -
1854
Djalwi ibn Turki
1854 -
1867
`Abd Allah VI ibn Yahya
1867 –
1891
Zamil
as-Sulaym
(b. 1831 – d. 1891)
1891 -
1895
`Abd Allah VII ibn Yahya ibn Salih
1895 -
1900
Salih al-Amir
1900 -
1904
Hamad ibn `Abd Allah
Buraydah (Buraidah)
1768
Emirate of Buraydah (Buraidah)
1776 - 1819
Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
1819 –
1822/23
Egyptian
occupation.
1863
Under suzerainty of Nejd.
1891 - 1904
Annexed by Jebel Shammar (see Ha'il).
1908
Incorporated into Nejd.
Emirs
1768 -
1769
Rashid al-Duraybi (1st time)
1769 –
1770
al-`Alaiyan
1770 –
1775
Rashid al-Duraybi (2nd time)
1775 -
1776
`Abd Allah ibn Hasan
al-`Alaiyan (d. 1776)
Governor-general (in al-Qasim)
1776 –
1819
Hudjaylan ibn Hamad
al-`Alaiyan (b.
c.1738 – d. 1819)
Governors
181. –
18..
Ismail Pasha
18.. –
182.
Halid Pasha
Emirs
1823 -
1826/28
Muhammad al-`Ali ash-Shayr
1826/28 -
1850
`Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad ibn Hasan (d.
1861)
(1st time)
1850 -
1851
`Abd al-Muhsin al-Muhammad ibn Turki
1851 –
1859
`Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad ibn Hasan (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1859
`Abd Allah ibn `Abd al-`Aziz
ibn (d. 1859)
`Adwan al-`Ulaiyan
1859
Muhammad ibn
Ghanim
(d. 1859)
1859 –
1861
`Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad ibn Hasan (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1861 -
1863
`Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ibrahim Manfuhah
1863
Muhammad ibn Ahmad as-Sudayri
1863
Sulayman ar-Rashid al-`Ulaiyan
1867 –
1891
Zamil
as-Sulaym
(b. 1831 – d. 1891)
Governors-general (in al-Qasim)
1827 -
1839
Ahmad ibn Nasir
as-Sani
(d. 1861)
1863 - 1875
Muhanna' as-Salih Aba
al-Khail (d.
1875)
1876 –
1891
Hasan
al-Muhanna
(b. 1836 – d. 1902)
1891 -
1902
Salim al-Subhan
1902 -
1906
Salih
al-Muhanna
(b. 1876 – d. 19..)
1906 -
1908
Muhammad ibn `Abd Allah abal Khayl (b.
1871 – d. 19..)
1908 -
1913
`Abd Allah ibn Djalwi ibn
Turki (b. 1890 – d.
1935)
Sudayr (Sudair) Region
`Auda
17..
Sheikhdom of `Auda
17..
Annexed by Diriyah (Wahhabis)(see Nejd).
Sheikhs
17.. -
1757
`Abd Allah ibn
Sultan
(d. 1757)
1757 -
1767
`Uthman ibn
Sa`dun
(d. 1767)
1767 –
17..
Mansur ibn Abd Allah ibn Hamad
Djaladjil
Sheikhs
bf.1762 -
17..
Suwayhid I
Governors-general
1779 -
18....
`Abd Allah ibn Djaladjil, Sudayri
18.. -
1831
Suwayhid II ibn `Ali ibn Djaladjil
Harma
....
Sheikhdom of Harma
1779
Destroyed by Diriyah (Wahhabis)(see Nejd).
Sheikhs
.... -
1777
`Uthman ibn `Abd Allah
1777 -
1779
Nasir ibn Ibrahim
Madjm`a
bf.1758
Sheikhdom of Madjam`a
1882 -
1908
Part of Jebel Shammar (see Ha'il).
1908
Annexed by Nejd.
Sheikhs
bf.1758 -
1778
Hamad ibn `Uthman
1779 -
180?
`Abd Allah ibn Djaladjil
18.. –
1823
Mazyad
1823 –
18..
Muhammad ibn Saqr
18.. –
1827
Ibn `Abdan
1827 -
1839
Ahmad ibn Nasir
as-Sani
(d. 1861)
1839 –
1841
Muhammad ibn Ahmad as-Sudayri
(1st time)
1841
`Abd Allah ibn Husayn (1st time)
1841 –
184.
`Abd al-`Aziz ibn Mishari ibn `Aiyaf
bf.1796 -
1832
Faysal ibn Wathban
ad-Duwish
(d. 1832)
184. -
1853
Muhammad ibn Ahmad as-Sudayri
(2nd time)
1853 –
18..
`Abd Allah ibn Husayn (2nd time)
Governors
188. –
18..
Sulayman ibn Sami
18.. -
1896
Ibrahim al-`Askar
1896 -
1908
`Abd Allah al-Askar
Al-Washm Region
Shaqr
Sheikhs
bf.1803 –
18..
`Abd Allah ibn Hamad ibn Ghayhab
bf.1818 -
af.1834
Hamad ibn Yahya ibn Ghayhab
Tarmada
Sheikh
bf.1853 -
....
Ibrahim ibn Sulayman
Mutayr
1872
Emirate of Mutayr (Mutair).
1908
Annexed to Nejd.
1927 - 1930
Ikhwan leaders, including Emir Faysal
al-Duwaish, launch a
rebellion against Ibn Saud.
Sheikhs
bf.1796 -
1832
Faisal ibn Wathban
al-Duwaish
(d. 1832)
1832 -
184.
Muhammad al-Makni
bf.1847 -
1856/57
Humaydi
(d. 1856/57)
.... -
....
`Ammash al-Duwaish
Emirs
1872 -
c.1907
....
c.1907 –
1908
Faisal II
al-Duwaish
(b. c.1882 - d. 1931)
`Asir
c.983 –
1003
Sheikhdom of `Asir (Aseer)
1524 -
1538
Occupied by Mameluke Sultanate of Egypt.
1539
Part of Ottoman
Empire (under governors of Yemen).
1728
Sheikhdom in Djazan and Abu `Arish.
1802 -
1815
Diriyah (Wahhabi) vassals rule in `Asir as-Sarat.
1818 - 1840
Coastal `Asir
under Egyptian occupation.
1823/24
Sheikhdom of Upper (North) `Asir, under the Mughaydi
(or `Ayad [Jewish]) dynasty.
1830
Sheikhdom of Lower (South) `Asir, under the Idrisi
dynasty
independent under (nominal) suzerainty of the
`Ayad's to 1909.
1872
Annexed by Ottoman
Empire as a mutassarrifiyya
dependent on
the vilayet
of Yemen, with the
capital at Abha,
3 Aug 1917
Emirate of `Asir declares
independence.
30 Aug 1920
Upper `Asir
annexed by Nejd.
20 Nov
1930
Lower `Asir
incorporated into Hejaz.
14 Jun
1934
Kingdom of Yemen formally cedes `Asir
and Jizan
to Saudi
Arabia by the Treaty of Ta'if.
Sheikhs
1728/29 -
1762/63
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khayrat
1762/63 -
1809
Muhammad
(d. 1809)
1809 -
1818/40
Sharif Hamud ibn Muhammad Abu Mismar
1801 -
1809
`Abd al-Wahhab Muhammad ibn
Abu (d. 1809)
Nuqta ar-Rufayda (in `Asir as-Sarat)
1809 –
1815
Tami ibn Shu`ayb (in `Asir as-Sarat) (d. 1815)
1815 -
1840
....
1840 -
1848
al-Husayn ibn `Ali ibn
Haydar
(d. 1851)
(in rebellion in Abu Arish)
1848 –
1855
Haydar (in rebellion in Abu Arish)
1855 -
185.
....
185. –
1863
al-Hasan ibn Muhammad
(in rebellion, in Abu Arish)
Upper `Asir
1916 - 30 Aug 1920
|
Capital: Abha
|
Population: N/A
|
1823/24
Sheikhdom of Upper (North) `Asir, under the Mughaydi
(or
`Ayad [Jewish]) dynasty.
1872
Part of Ottoman Empire,
annexed to Yemen province.
Aug 1916
Independence of Emirate of
Upper `Asir (Al Imarat al-`Asir al-Ulya)
declared
in revolt against `Asir.
Apr - May 1920
Nejd intervened in support of the Ikhwan and
defeated bin `Ayad.
30 Aug
1920
Upper `Asir partitioned between the
Nejd and the Idrisi `Asir.
1923
Formally annexed by Nejd.
Sheikhs
1823/24 –
18..
Sa`id bin Muslat al-Mughaydi
18.. -
1833/34
`Ali bin Mudjattil al-Mughaydi
1833/34 -
1856/57
`Al'ud bin Mar`i bin Musa al-Mughaydi (d. 1856/57)
1856/57 –
1872
Muhammad
(d. 1872)
1872 -
1916
Post abolished
Emir
1916 - 30 Aug 1920
al-Hasan bin
`Ayad (in Abha)
Lower `Asir
-
- c.1909 - 20 Nov 1930
|
-
- 1927 - 20 Nov 1930 Variant
|
Map of Asir
|
Capital: Sabyah
(Sabya)
|
Population: 1,000,000
(1921 est.)
|
1830
Sheikhdom of `Asir, under Idris dynasty.
1871 -
1914
Part of Ottoman Empire.
24 Dec
1908
Sultanate of `Asir
Jan 1910
By the Treaty of al-Hafa'ir, the Al-Idrisi local rulers
gained the
position
of kaymakam of Asir which de facto made it a
semi-
independent region under Ottoman suzerainty.
Aug 1916 - 1920
`Ayad rebellion in Upper `Asir
against al-Idrisi rule.
3 Aug 1917
Emirate of `Asir
(Al-Imarat al-`Asir) declares
independence.
1917
al-Qunfudhah (Kunfuda) exchanged with Hejaz for Farasan
Islands
(Juzur Farasan).
Jan 1921 - 1925
al-Hudaydah (Hodeidah/Hodeida)
occupied by `Asir.
Apr
1925
al-Hudaydah ceded to Yemen (recognized by
Saudi Arabia 1934).
21 Oct 1926 - 20 Nov 1930 Protectorate of Nejd.
20 Nov
1930
Incorporated into Hejaz by Nejd.
Imams and Sheikhs
1830 -
1838
Sayyid Ahmad al-Idrisi
al-Hasani (b.
1760 – d. 1837)
1838 -
1889
Sayyid Muhammad (I) ibn Ahmad al-Idrisi (d. 1889)
al-Hasani
1889 - 1908
Sayyid Ali (I) ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad (d.
1904)
al-Idrisi al-Hasani
1908 - 24 Dec 1908
Sayyid Muhammad
(II) ibn Ali al-Idrisi (b. 1876 - d. 1923)
al-Hasani
Imam and Sultan
24 Dec 1908 - 3 Aug 1917 Sayyid Muhammad
(II) ibn Ali al-Idrisi (s.a.)
al-Hasani
Imams and Emirs
3 Aug 1917 - 20 Mar 1923 Sayyid
Muhammad (II) ibn Ali al-Idrisi (s.a.)
al-Hasani
20 Mar 1923 - Feb 1926 Sayyid
Ali (II) ibn Muhammad al-Idrisi (b. 1905 - d.
....)
al-Hasani
Feb 1926 - 20 Nov 1930 Sayyid
al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Idrisi
al-Hasani
Nejd see under Saudi Arabia
Najran
1633
Isma'ili Muslim ecclesiastic principality of Najran
(Nadjran) under
the suzerainty of Imams of Yemen; consequently
under
Ottoman
Empire.
30 Oct
1918
End of Ottoman suzerainty, remains a vassal of Yemen.
1924
Forces of Yemen launched several unsuccessful raids to
annex Najran to the Kingdom of Yemen.
1926
Nejd declares a protectorate over Najran.
Winter 1931 - Spring 1932 Yemen
occupies Najran.
Nov 1933
Forces of the Imam of Yemen attack Najran.
21 Apr
1934
Saudi forces occupy Najran.
14 Jun
1934
Kingdom of Yemen formally cedes Najran, `Asir,
and Jizan
to Saudi
Arabia by the Treaty of Ta'if.
Rulers (Da'ias)
1677 -
1717
Muhammad ibn Isma'il
(from 1706, in Najran)
1717 -
1747
Hibbat-Allah
1747 -
1760
Isma'il I
1760 –
1774
Hasan I `Ali
1774 -
1780
`Abd al-`Ali ibn Hasan
1780 -
1810
`Abd Allah I ibn `Ali
1810 -
1819
Yusuf
1819 -
1826
Husayn ibn Hasan ibn `Ali
1826 -
1841
Isma'il II ibn Muhammad
1841 -
1846
Hasan II
1846 -
1872
Hasan III ibn Isma'il
1872 -
1889
Ahmad
1889 -
1905
`Abd Allah II ibn `Ali ibn Husayn
ibn `Ali
1905 -
1912
`Ali I ibn Hibbat Allah
1912 -
1934
`Ali II ibn Muhsin ibn
Husayn
(d. 1936)
1936
Husayn Ahmad ibn Hasan (pretender)
`Ayayna
1446
Sheikhdom of `Ayayna
1768
Conquered by Diriyah (see Nejd).
1819
Destroyed by Egypt.
Sheikhs
1685 –
1725
`Abd Allah III ibn Muhammad
1725 -
1740
Muhammad II ibn Hamad Harfash
1740 –
1750
`Uthman ibn
Hamad
(d. 1750)
1750 -
1759
Mishari ibn Ibrahim ibn Mu`ammar
1759 -
1760
Sultan ibn Muhsin al-Mu`ammari
1760 -
1768
Nasir II
ibn`Uthman
(d. 1768)
Durma
16..
Sheikhdom of Durma
1757?
Conquered by Diriyah (see Nejd).
Sheikhs
16.. –
1684
Muhammad I
1684 –
17..
...
17.. -
1751
Ibrahim
(d. 1751)
1751 -
1752/53
`Abd Allah ibn `Abd ar-Rahman
al-Muraydi
1753 -
1757?
Muhammad II
Ghatghat (Ghatgat)
....
Sultanate of Ghatghat, established by Sultan
ibn Bijad as the
hijra
al-ghutat, the most important and well-prepared hijra
of
the
Ikhwan movement.
bf.1920 - 1929
Vassal of Nejd.
1927 - 1930
Ikhwan leaders, including Sultan ibn Bijad, launch a
rebellion
in
the name of morality and religion against the authority
of
Ibn
Saud.
1929
Incorporated
into Nejd.
Sultan
bf.1920 - 1929
ibn Bikhad
(Bijad)
(b. 1876 - d. 1931)
Jebel Shammar (Ha'il): see under Saudi Arabia
Rub' al-Khali (Empty
Quarter)
Bani al-Murrah
1901 - 1917 |
....
Emirate of
al-Murrah (Al-Imarat al-Murrah)(ranging
between the
port of al-'Uqayr in the north to Jabrin [Yabrin] oasis
and
the Rub' al-Khali ["Empty Quarter"] desert in the
south), in
opposition to Ottoman and later Al Saud rule.
1917
Incorporated
into Nejd.
Emirs
.... - 1917
....
© Ben Cahoon
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