Bolivia

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Bolivia

[Spanish War Ensign
(1785-1931)]

to 17 Aug 1825

[National flag of Bolivia of
1825-1826]

17 Aug 1825 - 25 Jul 1826 State Flag

[Civil flag
of Bolivia of 1825-1826]
17 Aug 1825 - 25 Jul 1826 Civil Flag

[Flag
of Bolivia 1826-1831]

25 Jul 1826 - 5 Nov 1851

(Bolivia State in Peru-Bolivia 1836-1839)

[Flag of
the Peru-Bolivia Confederation
1837-1839]

1 May 1837 - 20 Jan 1839

Peru-Bolivia Confederation

[Flag of
Bolivia]

Adopted 5 Nov 1851 Civil Flag

[State
Flag of Bolivia]

Adopted 5 Nov 1851 State Flag

[Wiphala flag,
National Symbol from 2009 (Bolivia)]
National Symbol from 7 Feb 2009

Map of Bolivia Hear National Anthem
"Canción Patriótica"
(Patriotic Song)
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 1852 Constitution
(7 Feb 2009)
-----------------------------------
1967 Constitution
   (2 Feb 1967 - 7 Feb 2009)

Capital: Sucre
(Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo [Chuquisaca, Charcas] 1538-1839;
Peru-Bolivia: Tacna
1836-1839)
Administrative capital:
La Paz (de facto since 1898)
Currency: Boliviano (BOB);
1963-1987 Bolivian Peso (BOP);
1863-1963 Boliviano (BOL);
1825-1863 Bolivian Peso (BOE)
National Holiday: 6 Aug (1825)
Día de la Independencia
(Independence Day) Population: 11,306,341 (2018)

GDP: $83.72 billion (2017) Exports: $7.46 billion (2017)
Imports: $8.60 billion (2017) Ethnic groups: Mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian
ancestry) 68%, indigenous 20%, white 5%, cholo/chola 2%,
black 1%, other 1%, unspecified 3% ; 44% of respondents
indicated feeling part of some indigenous group, predominantly
Quechua or Aymara (2009)

Total Armed Forces: 34,100 (2018)
Merchant marine: 55 ships (2017) Religions: Roman Catholic 76.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 8.1%, Protestant 7.9%, other 1.7%, none 5.5% (2012)

International Organizations/Treaties: ACS (observer), ACTO, AIIB (applicant), ALBA, APM, BTWC, CAN, CCM, CD, CELAC, CTBT, CWC, ENMOD (signatory), ESCR, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, LAP, LU, Mercosur, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OST (signatory), PCA, SEGIB, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Bolivia Index Chronology

1538 - 1545                 Spanish colonize area called Charcas, Upper Peru,

                              (Alto Perú) or Chuquisaca.

3 Jan 1548                 Part of Viceroyalty of Peru.

18 Sep 1559                 Audiencia y Cancillería Real de La Plata de

los Charcas created to administer Upper Peru.

8 Aug 1776                 Part of Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata

                              (see Argentina).

25 May 1809 - 6 Aug 1825   Bolivian war of independence.

16 Jul 1809 - Nov 1809      Independent state proclaimed in Upper Peru (Alto

Perú) nominally in the name of Fernando VII the

                              Bourbon king of Spain deposed by Napoleon.

1811 - 1816                 Proclaimed a province of Río de la Plata

                              (see Argentina).

1816                        Re-incorporated into Peru.

16 May 1825 - 25 May 1826   Departments of Upper Peru (Alto Perú) are

organized as a territory occupied by the army

of Peru (Provincias del Alto Perú).

6 Aug 1825 Act of independence of the provinces of Alto Perú

                              is passed by Asamblea General at Chuquisaca (now

Sucre, Bolivia)(not recognized by Peru).

11 Aug 1825                 Bolivar Republic (República Bolívar) is declared

                              the name of the polity by Asamblea General at

Chuquisaca (but the decree is not promulgated by

the military authorities and Upper Peru [Alto

Perú] and State of Upper Peru [Estado del Alto

Perú] were used as alternatives in other

documents of Asamblea General issued between 10

Jul 1825 and 6 Oct 1825).

18 May 1826 Independence of República Boliviana is recognized

by a decree issued by Peru and proclaimed at

Chuquisaca 14 Jun 1826.

25 May 1826 Executive functions transferred from the military

governor to Constituent Congress

(República Boliviana; and/or Bolivia).

28 Oct 1836 - 20 Feb 1839   Component of Peru-Bolivian Confederation

                              (Confederación Perú-Boliviana); for North and

South Peru components see under Peru).

12 Feb 1861                 Spain recognizes the independence of Bolivia.

27 Mar 1867                 Acre granted to Bolivia in the Treaty of

                              Ayacucho.

1 Oct 1868                 Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia)(the

old style lingers until 1908).

20 Oct 1883                 Pacific coastline including Antofagasta is

                              annexed by Chile.

4 Jul 1899 - 25 Apr 1900   Acre independent of Bolivia (see under Brazil).

17 Nov 1903                 Acre purchased by Brazil in the Treaty of

Petrópolis.

7 Feb 2009     Plurinational State of Bolivia (Estado

    Plurinacional de Bolivia).

18 Mar 2009                 The use of Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia is

prescribed in public and private acts by decree.

Departments
(from 2006)

Provinces of
Upper Peru
(1783-1825)

Cochabamba

Córdoba

La Paz

Potosí

1824 - 1825 Pedro Antonio de Olañete (b. 1770 - d. 1825)
1825 José Antonio Vigil Manrique de (b. 1782 - d. 1872)
Lara
Military governor
16 May 1825 - 18 Aug 1825 Antonio José Francisco de Sucre (b. 1795 - d. 1830) Mil
y Alcalá
(commander-in-chief of the Army of Liberation)
Liberator, invested with the Supreme Executive Power
18 Aug 1825 - 29 Dec 1825 Simón José de la Santísima (b. 1783 - d. 1830) Mil
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
Military governor
29 Dec 1825 - 25 May 1826 Antonio José Francisco de Sucre (s.a.) Mil
y Alcalá
(commander-in-chief of Army of Liberation,
in charge of the departments)
President of the General ConstituentCongress
25 May 1826 - 28 May 1826 José Joaquín Casimiro Olañeta y (b. 1796 - d. 1860)
Güemes
Presidents
28 May 1826 - 12 Aug 1828 Antonio José Francisco de Sucre (s.a.) Mil
y Alcalá
(Commander-in-chief of the Liberation
Army, in charge of the Supreme Command
of Bolivia to 19 Jun 1826)
18 Apr 1828 - 12 Aug 1828 José María Pérez de Urdininea y (b. 1784 - d. 1865) Mil
Gurruchaga (acting for Sucre)
12 Aug 1828 - 18 Dec 1828 José Miguel de Velasco Franco (b. 1795 - d. 1859) Mil
(1st time)(acting forJosé Andrés
de Santa Cruzwho did not take office)
18 Dec 1828 - 31 Dec 1828 Pedro Blanco Soto (provisional) (b. 1795 - d. 1829) Mil
18 Dec 1828 - 26 Dec 1828 José Ramón de Loayza Pacheco (b. 1751 - d. 1839)
Salgado (acting for Blanco)
1 Jan 1829 - 24 May 1829 José Miguel de Velasco Franco (s.a.) Mil
(2nd time)(acting; from 31 Jan
1829 for José Andrés de Santa Cruz)
31 Jan 1829 - 20 Feb 1839 José Andrés de Santa Cruz (b. 1792 - d. 1865) Mil
y Villavicencio y Calahumana
(provisional to 15 Aug 1831; and Supreme Protector of
Peru-Bolivian Confederation 28 Oct 1836 - 20 Feb 1839)
18 Jul 1838 - 22 Feb 1839 Mariano Enrique Calvo Cuéllar (b. 1782 - d. 1842)
(1st time)(acting [for absent Santa Cruz to 20 Feb 1839])
22 Feb 1839 - 10 Jun 1841 José Miguel de Velasco Franco (s.a.) Mil
(3rd time)
(Provisional Supreme Chief to 16 Jun 1839;
provisional president to 15 Aug 1840)
10 Jun 1841 - 9 Jul 1841 Sebastián de Ágreda (b. 1795 - d. 1875) Mil
(Provisional Chief [from 1 Jul 1841 acting
for José Andrés Santa Cruz who did not take office])
9 Jul 1841 - 22 Sep 1841 Mariano Enrique Calvo Cuéllar (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting [for José Andrés
Santa Cruz who did not take office])
22 Sep 1841 - 27 Sep 1841 Vacant
27 Sep 1841 - 23 Dec 1847 José María de Ballivián y Segurola (b. 1805 - d. 1852) Mil
(provisional to 15 Aug 1844)
23 Dec 1847 - 2 Jan 1848 Eusebio Guilarte Mole (acting) (b. 1799 - d. 1849) Mil
2 Jan 1848 - 6 Jan 1848 José Miguel de Velasco Franco (s.a.) Mil (4th time)(provisional)(re-assumed
office in accordance with a decree dated
2 Nov 1847 at Mojo, intermittently absent
from the country until 18 Jan 1848)
6 Jan 1848 - 18 Jan 1848 Manuel Isidoro Belzu Humérez (b. 1808 - d. 1865) PP
(1st time)(interim)
18 Jan 1848 - 6 Dec 1848 José Miguel de Velasco Franco (s.a.) Mil
(5th time)(provisional to 12 Sep 1848)
6 Dec 1848 - 15 Aug 1855 Manuel Isidoro Belzu Humérez (s.a.) Mil/Rojo
(2nd time)(provisional [in
rebellion from 12 Oct 1848] to 15 Aug 1850)
15 Aug 1855 - 21 Oct 1857 Jorge Córdova (b. 1822 - d. 1861) Rojo
21 Oct 1857 - 14 Jan 1861 José María de Linares y de Lizarazu(b. 1810 - d. 1861) Rojo
Beaumont y Navarra
(provisional [in rebellion from 9 Sep 1857])
14 Jan 1861 - 4 May 1861 Government Junta
- Ruperto Fernández (d. 1877) Mil
- José María de Achá Valiente (b. 1810 - d. 1868) Mil
- Manuel Antonio Sánchez (b. 1810 - d. 1861) Mil
(to 9 Apr 1861)
4 May 1861 - 28 Dec 1864 José María de Achá Valiente (s.a.) Mil
(provisional to 15 Aug 1862)
19 Aug 1862 - 10 Oct 1862 Gregorio Pérez (b. 1811 - d. 1890) Mil
(in dissidence, in La Paz)
28 Dec 1864 - 15 Jan 1871 Manuel Mariano Melgarejo (b. 1818 - d. 1871) Mil
(provisional to 15 Aug 1870)
15 Jan 1871 - 27 Nov 1872 Pedro Agustín Morales Hernández (b. 1808 - d. 1872) PL
(Supreme Chief of the Revolution [in rebellion from
26 Nov 1870] to 21 Jan 1871; provisional to 25 Aug 1872)
27 Nov 1872 - 28 Nov 1872 Juan de Dios Bosque y Ventura (b. 1829 - d. 1890) Non-party
Farfán (acting)
28 Nov 1872 - 9 May 1873 Tomás Francisco Frías Ametller (b. 1804 - d. 1884) PL
(1st time)
9 May 1873 - 14 Feb 1874 Adolfo Ballivián Coll (b. 1831 - d. 1874) Mil
14 Feb 1874 - 4 May 1876 Tomás Francisco Frías Ametller (s.a.) PL
(2nd time)
8 Jan 1875 - 18 Jan 1875 Supreme National Directory
(in dissidence, in La Paz)
-Quintín Quevedo Ferrari (b. 1825 - d. 1876) Mil
- Casimiro Corral (b. 1830 - d. 1895)
4 May 1876 - 28 Dec 1879 Hilarión Daza (provisional) (b. 1840 - d. 1893) Mil
28 Dec 1879 - 17 Jan 1880 Uladislao Silva Arancibia (b. 1840 - d. 1898) Mil
(president of the Governing Board of La Paz)
19 Jan 1880 - 31 May 1880 José Narciso Campero Leyes (b. 1813 - d. 1896) PC
(1st time) (provisional)
1 Jun 1880 - 19 Jun 1880 Aniceto Arce y Ruiz de Mendoza (b. 1824 - d. 1906) PC
(1st time) (acting)
19 Jun 1880 - 4 Sep 1884 José Narciso Campero Leyes (s.a.) PC
(2nd time)
4 Sep 1884 - 15 Aug 1888 José Gregorio Pacheco Leyes (b. 1823 - d. 1899) PC
15 Aug 1888 - 11 Aug 1892 Aniceto Arce y Ruiz de Mendoza (s.a.) PC
(2nd time)
11 Aug 1892 - 19 Aug 1896 José Mariano Baptista Caserta (b. 1832 - d. 1907) PC
19 Aug 1896 - 12 Apr 1899 Severo Fernández Alonso Caballero (b. 1848 - d. 1925) PC
12 Dec 1898 - 25 Oct 1899 Government Junta (in rebellion)
- Serapio Reyes Ortiz Aguilar (b. 1822 - d. 1900) PL
- Macario Pinilla Vargas (b. 1855 - d. 1927)
- Juan José Manuel Inocencio Pando (b. 1849 - d. 1917) PL
Solares (from 16 Dec 1898)
25 Oct 1899 - 14 Aug 1904 Jaun José Manuel Inocencio Pando (s.a.) PL
Solares
14 Aug 1904 - 12 Aug 1909 Ismael Montes Gamboa (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1933) PL
12 Aug 1909 - 14 Aug 1913 Eliodoro Villazón Montaño (b. 1848 - d. 1939) PL
14 Aug 1913 - 15 Aug 1917 Ismael Montes Gamboa (2nd time) (s.a.) PL
15 Aug 1917 - 12 Jul 1920 José Manuel Justiniano Gutiérrez (b. 1869 - d. 1920) PL
Guerra
12 Jul 1920 - 13 Jul 1920 Rosa Bautista Saavedra Mallea (b. 1870 - d. 1939) PR
("Superior Political Chief of the Revolution")
(1st time)
13 Jul 1920 - 28 Jan 1921 Provisional Government Junta
- José María Escalier Villegas (b. 1863 - d. 1934) PR
- Rosa Bautista Saavedra Mallea (s.a.) PR
- José Manuel Ramírez Martínez (b. 1868 - d. 1934) PR
- Juan José Fernández (b. 1882 - d. 1927) Mil
28 Jan 1921 - 3 Sep 1925 Rosa Bautista Saavedra Mallea (s.a.) PRS
(2nd time)
3 Sep 1925 - 10 Jan 1926 Felipe Segundo Guzmán (provisional)(b. 1879 - d. 1932) PRS
10 Jan 1926 - 28 May 1930 Mariano Hernando Siles Reyes (b. 1882 - d. 1942) PRS
28 May 1930 - 25 Jun 1930 Council of Ministers(acting)
- Alberto Diez de Medina Lértora (b. 1877 - d. 1932)
- Germán Antelo Araúz
(to 17 Jun 1930)
- Franklin Francisco Emilio (b. 1891 - d. 1971)
Mercado de Loayza
- José David Toro Ruilova (b. 1898 - d. 1977) Mil
- José María Aguirre Achá (b. 1877 - d. 1941)
- Fidel Vega (d. 1939)
- Carlos Banzer Aliaga (b. 1888 - d. 1968)
- Ezequiel Romecín Calderón (b. 1878 - d. 19..)
(from 17 Jun 1930)
28 Jun 1930 - 5 Mar 1931 Carlos Blanco Galindo (b. 1882 - d. 1943) Mil
(president of the council of ministers
of the Military Government Junta)
5 Mar 1931 - 27 Nov 1934 Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey (b. 1869 - d. 1935) PRG
28 Nov 1934 - 17 May 1936 José Luis Tejada y Ruiz de Sorzano (b. 1882 - d. 1938) PL
17 May 1936 - 20 May 1936 Germán Busch Becerra (1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1939) Mil
(president of provisional Government Junta)
20 May 1936 - 13 Jul 1937 José David Toro Ruilova (s.a.) Mil
(president of Government Junta, from
21 Jun 1936Military Government Junta)
13 Jul 1937 - 23 Aug 1939 Germán Busch Becerra (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil
(president of Military Government Junta to 28 May 1938)
23 Aug 1939 - 15 Apr 1940 Carlos Quintanilla Quiroga (b. 1888 - d. 1964) Mil
(provisional)
15 Apr 1940 - 20 Dec 1943 Enrique Peñaranda del Castillo (b. 1892 - d. 1969) Mil+Conc
20 Dec 1943 - 21 Jul 1946 Gualberto Villarroel López (b. 1908 - d. 1946) Mil; 1944
(president Government Junta to 5 Apr 1944; Radepa+MNR
provisional president 5 Apr - 6 Aug 1944)
21 Jul 1946 Dámaso Arenas Sanchez (b. 1900 - d. 19..) Mil
(general-in-chief of the Army)
(did not take office)
21 Jul 1946 - 15 Aug 1946 Néstor Guillén Olmos (b. 1890 - d. 1966) Non-party
(Superior Court of Justice of the
District of La Paz to 22 Jul 1946, then
president Government Junta 22-24 Jul 1946; then
president provisional Government Junta from 24 Jul 1946)
15 Aug 1946 - 10 Mar 1947 Tomás Monje Gutiérrez (b. 1884 - d. 1954) Non-party
(president Provisional Government Junta)
10 Mar 1947 - 22 Oct 1949 José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal (b. 1897 - d. 1980) PURS
22 Oct 1949 - 16 May 1951 Mamerto Urriolagoitia Harriague¹ (b. 1895 - d. 1974) PURS
(acting [for Hertzog from 7 May 1949] to 24 Oct 1949)
16 May 1951 - 11 Apr 1952 Hugo Ballivián Rojas (b. 1901 - d. 1993) Mil
(chairman military government junta)
11 Apr 1952 - 16 Apr 1952 Hernán Siles Zuazo (1st time) (b. 1914 - d. 1996) MNR
(provisional to 12 Apr 1952, then acting)
16 Apr 1952 - 6 Aug 1956 Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (b. 1907 - d. 2001) MNR
(1st time)
6 Aug 1956 - 6 Aug 1960 Hernán Siles Zuazo (2nd time) (s.a.) MNR
6 Aug 1960 - 4 Nov 1964 Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (s.a.) MNR
(2nd time)
Chairmen of the Military Junta
4 Nov 1964 - 5 Nov 1964 Alfredo Ovando Candía (1st time) (b. 1918 - d. 1982) Mil
5 Nov 1964 (hours) Alfredo Ovando Candía (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil
+ René Barrientos Ortuño (1st time)(b. 1919 - d. 1969) Mil
(co-chairmen)
5 Nov 1964 - 26 May 1965 René Barrientos Ortuño (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil
26 May 1965 - 3 Jan 1966 René Barrientos Ortuño (3rd time) (s.a.) Mil/MPC
+ Alfredo Ovando Candía (3rd time) (s.a.) Mil
(presidents of the government military junta)
3 Jan 1966 - 6 Aug 1966 Alfredo Ovando Candía (4th time) (s.a.) Mil
Presidents
6 Aug 1966 - 27 Apr 1969 René Barrientos Ortuño (s.a.) FRB
27 Apr 1969 - 26 Sep 1969 Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas (b. 1925 - d. 2005) PSD+FRB
26 Sep 1969 - 6 Oct 1970 Alfredo Ovando Candía (s.a.) Mil
6 Oct 1970 - 7 Oct 1970 Government Military Junta
- Efraín Guachalla Ibáñez Mil
- Fernando Sattori Ribera (b. 1927 - d. 2005) Mil
- Alberto Albarracín Crespo (b. 1922 - d. 2006) Mil
7 Oct 1970 - 21 Aug 1971 Juan José Torres González (b. 1921 - d. 1976) Mil
21 Aug 1971 - 22 Aug 1971 Jaime Florentino Mendieta Vargas (b.1922/26 - d. 2000)Mil
+ Hugo Banzer Suárez (b. 1926 - d. 2002) Mil
+ Andrés Selich Chop (b. 1927? - d. 1973) Mil
(presidents of the government junta)
22 Aug 1971 - 21 Jul 1978 Hugo Banzer Suárez (1st time) (s.a.) Mil
21 Jul 1978 (hours) Víctor González Fuentes (d. bf.2022) Mil
(chief of the general staff)
21 Jul 1978 - 24 Nov 1978 Juan Pereda Asbún (b. 1931 - d. 2012) Mil
24 Nov 1978 - 8 Aug 1979 José David Padilla Arancibia (b. 1927 - d. 2016) Mil
8 Aug 1979 - 1 Nov 1979 Wálter Guevara Arze (interim) (b. 1912 - d. 1996) MNRA
(continues in dissidence to 17 Nov 1979)
1 Nov 1979 - 16 Nov 1979 Alberto Natusch Busch (b. 1933 - d. 1994) Mil
17 Nov 1979 - 18 Jul 1980 Lydia (Lidia) Gueiler Tejada (f) (b. 1921 - d. 2011) PRIN
(interim)
18 Jul 1980 (hours) Junta of Commanders of the Armed
Forces of the Nation
- Luis García Meza Tejada (b. 1929 - d. 2018) Mil
(1st time)
- Waldo Bernal Pereira (1st time) (b. 1934) Mil
- Ramiro Terrazas Rodríguez (d. 1991) Mil
18 Jul 1980 - 4 Aug 1981 Luis García Meza Tejada (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil
4 Aug 1981 - 4 Sep 1981 Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces of the Nation
- Waldo Bernal Pereira (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil
- Celsto Torrelio Villa (b. 1933 - d. 1999) Mil
- Óscar Jaime Pammo Rodríguez (b. 1934) Mil
(1st time)
4 Sep 1981 - 19 Jul 1982 Celso Torrelio Villa (s.a.) Mil
19 Jul 1982 - 21 Jul 1982 Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces of the Nation
- Natalio Morales Mosquera (b. 1936 - d. 1993) Mil
- Óscar Jaime Pammo Rodríguez (s.a.) Mil
(2nd time)
- Ángel Mariscal Gómez (b. 1935? - d. 2013) Mil
21 Jul 1982 - 10 Oct 1982 Guido Vildoso Calderón (b. 1937) Mil
10 Oct 1982 - 6 Aug 1985 Hernán Siles Zuazo (3rd time) (s.a.) MNRI
6 Aug 1985 - 6 Aug 1989 Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (s.a.) MNR
(3rd time)
6 Aug 1989 - 6 Aug 1993 Jaime Paz Zamora (b. 1939) MIR
6 Aug 1993 - 6 Aug 1997 Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (b. 1930) MNR
Sánchez Bustamante (1st time)
6 Aug 1997 - 7 Aug 2001 Hugo Banzer Suárez (2nd time) (s.a.) ADN
7 Aug 2001 - 6 Aug 2002 Jorge Fernando Arturo Quiroga (b. 1960) ADN
Ramírez
(acting for Banzer 1 Jul - 7 Aug 2001)
6 Aug 2002 - 17 Oct 2003 Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (s.a.) MNR
Sánchez Bustamante (2nd time)
17 Oct 2003 - 9 Jun 2005 Carlos Diego Luis Rafael Mesa (b. 1953) Non-party
Gisbert
9 Jun 2005 - 22 Jan 2006 Enrique EduardoRodríguez Veltzé (b. 1956) Non-party
22 Jan 2006 - 12 Nov 2019 Juan Evo Morales Ayama (b. 1959) MAS
12 Nov 2019 - 8 Nov 2020 Jeanine Áñez Chávez (f) (interim) (b. 1967) MDS
8 Nov 2020 - Luis Alberto "Lucho" Arce Catacora (b. 1963) MAS;10-2023 Ind

Territorial Dispute: Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, but Chile offers instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile for Bolivian products; contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of its border regions with all of its neighbors (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru).

Party abbreviations: MAS = Movimiento al Socialismo-Instrumento Político por la Soberanía de los Pueblos (Movement for Socialism-Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples, socialist, left-wing nationalist, indigenism, est.1995); MDS = Movimiento Demócrata Social (Democrat Social Movement, center-right, conservativeliberal, federalist, est.15 Dec 2013); MIR = Movimiento Izquierda Revolucionaria (Movement of Revolutionary Left, social-democratic, est.1971); MNR = Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, nationalist, populist, centrist, est.1942); PODEMOS = Poder Democrático y Social (Social and Democratic Power, 'We Can', conservative, former ADN, est.2005); Mil = Military; - Former parties: ADN = Alianza Democrática Nacionalista (Nationalist Democratic Alliance, authoritarian populist, 1979-2005, renamed PODEMOS); Conc = Concordancia (The Concordance, rightist alliance of PL, PRG & PRS, 1939-1943); FRB = Frente de la Revolución Boliviana (Bolivian Revolutionary Front, coalition of MPC, PSD, Partido de la Izquierda Revolucionaria and Partido Revolucionario Auténtico, 1966-1970's); MNRA = Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario Auténtico (Authentic Nationalist Revolutionary Movement, reformist, nationalist, split from MNR, 1960-1964); MNRI = Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario de Izquierda (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the Left, leftist, split from MNR, 1971-1985); MPC = Movimiento Popular Cristiano (Popular Christian Movement, pro-R.B. Barrientos, 1966-1969); PC = Partido Conservador (Conservative Party, conservative, 1880-c.1899); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party, liberal, 1883-1978); PRIN = Partido Revolucionario de la Izquierda Nacionalista (Revolutionary Party of the National Left, left-wing nationalist, split from MNR, 1963-1980's); PR = Partido Republicano (Republican Party, conservative, split from PL, 1914-1921); PRG = Partido Republicano Genuino (Genuine Republican Party, split from PR, 1921-1946); PRS = Partido Republicano Socialista (Socialist Republican Party, "Saavedristas", reformist, populist, split from PR, 1921-1946); PSD = Partido Social Democrática (Social Democratic Party, conservative, elitist, 1944-c.1970); PURS = Partido de la Unión Republicana Socialista (Republican Socialist Unity Party, right of center, merger of PRS, PRG, Partido Socialista Independiente and Partido Socialista Unificado, 1946-1978); Radepa = Razón de Patria (Reason for the Fatherland [Fatherland's Cause], military group, nationalist, allied to MNR, 1934-1946); Rojo = Partido Rojo (Red Party, populist, c.1848-c.1861)

Provinces of Upper Peru

Cochabamba

1810 - 1825

28 Jan 1782 Intendencia of Cochabamba (part of Río de la Plata). 1810 End of Spanish rule. 11 Aug 1825 Part of Bolivia.

Governors 1776 - 1780 Francisco de Viedma y Narváez (b. 1737 - d. 1809)1780 - 1783 Félix José Villalobos Governor-Intendants1783 - 1784 Félix José Villalobos 1784 - .... Martín de Mendoza .... - 1809 Francisco de Viedma y Narváez (b. 1737 - d. 1809)1809 - 1810 José González de Amada 1810 - 1811 Francisco del Rivero 1811 Antonio Allende 1811 - 1812 Joaquín Mariano de Antezana (b. 1771 - d. 1812) 1812 - 1813 Jerónimo Marrón de Lombera (b. c.1760 - d. 1814) 1813 Miguel José de Cabrera 1813 Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales (b. 1770 - d. 1831) (1st time) 1813 - 1814 Martín de Jáuregui 1814 - 1815 Antonio de Goyburu 1815 - 1816 Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales (s.a.) (2nd time) 1816 - 1817 Military Tribunal of Purification 1817 - 1823 José de Mendizábal e Imas 1823 - 1824 José Miguel de Velasco Franco (b. 1795 - d. 1859) 1824 - 1825 Martín Ruíz de Somocurcio y de Abril (b. 1789 - d. 1825) 1825 Pedro Antonio de Assúa

Córdoba

28 Jan 1782 - 1810 Intendencia of Córdoba (part of Río de la Plata).

Governor-Intendants 1784 - 1797 Rafael de Sobremonte Núñez Castillo (b. 1745 - d. 1827) Angulo y Bullón Ramírez de Arellano, marqués de Sobremonte 1797 - 1803 Nicolás Pérez del Viso 1803 - 1805 José González 1805 - 1807 Víctoriano Rodríguez 1807 - 1810 Juan Gutiérrez de la Concha (b. 1760 - d. 1810)

La Paz

28 Jan 1782 Intendencia of La Paz (part of Río de la Plata). 1811 Annexed to Peru. 16 Jul 1809 - 1809 Under the Revolutionary Junta. Jan 1811 - Jul 1811 Argentine occupation. 11 Aug 1825 Part of Bolivia.

Governor-Intendants 1 Jan 1784 - 1789 José Sebastián de Segurota y (b. 1740 - d. 1789) Machain 1789 - 1790 José Pablo Conti 1790 - Jul 1791 Augustín de Goyoneta (acting) Jul 1791 - 1793 Juan Manuel Álvarez 1793 Pedro Nolasco Crespo (interim) Jul 1793 - 1795 Francisco Antonio Dionisio de Cuéllar Artacho Carrillo de los Ríos Ronso y Valdés Sep 1795 - Sep 1796 Fernando de la Sota Agüero (b. 1759 - d ....) (interim) Sep 1796 - 28 Oct 1807 Antonio de Burgunyó y Juan (d. 1807) 1807 - 16 Jul 1809 Tadeo Fernández Dávila y Eyzaguirre(d. 1814) 16 Jul 1809 - 1809 Pedro Domingo Murillo (b. 1756 - d. 1809) (President of Junta of Defense of the Rights of the King and the Town) 23 Nov 1809 - Jan 1810 Juan Ramíerz Orosco (b. 1764 - d. 1852) Jul 1810 Juan José Castelli (b. 1764 - d. 1812) (revolutionary government) Jul 1810 - Jul 1813 Domingo Tristán y Moscoso (b. 1768 - d. 1847)
Jul 1813 - 24 Sep 1814 Gregorio de Hoyos de Miranda García(d. 1814) de Llano, marqués de Valde Hoyos 24 Sep 1814 - 4 Nov 1814 José Santos Astete (revolutionary government) 5 Nov 1814 - 26 Oct 1816 José María Landaberi (interim) 26 Oct 1816 - 1 Feb 1817 Mariano Ricafort Palazín y Abarca (b. 1776 - d. 1846) 1 Feb 1817 - 1822 Juan Sánchez Lima 1822 - 1823 Francisco Huarte y Jáuregui (b. c.1745 - d. 18..) 1823 José Ramón de Loaiza Pacheco (b. 1751 - d. 1839) (revolutionary government) 1823 - 29 Jan 1825 José de Mendizábal e Imas

Potosí

28 Jan 1782 Intendencia of Potosí (part of Río de la Plata). 1811 Annexed to Peru. 25 Nov 1811 - 20 Sep 1811 Argentine occupation. May 1813 - Dec 1813 Argentine occupation. May 1815 - Dec 1815 Argentine occupation. 11 Aug 1825 Part of Bolivia.

Governor-Intendants 1783 - 1789 Juan del Pino Manrique de Lara (b. 17.. - d. 1814) 1789 - 1810 Francisco de Paula Sanz (b. 1745 - d. 1810) 25 Nov 1810 - 1811 Juan José Castelli (b. 1764 - d. 1812) 1811 - 20 Sep 1811 Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (b. 1777 - d. 1850) 20 Sep 1811 - May 1813 José Manuel de Goyeneche y Barreda (b. 1776 - d. 1846) May 1813 - Dec 1813 Manual Belgrano (b. 1770 - d. 1820) Dec 1813 - Apr 1815 Joaquín de la Pezuela, (b. 1761 - d. 1830) marqués de Viluma Apr 1815 - Jul 1815 Juan Rondeau (b. 1775 - d. 1844)