Zimbabwe Traditional states

Zimbabwe Traditional States

States: Changamire - amaNdebele (Matabele) - Other Shona states: Bocha - Buhera - Govera - Maungwe - Mbire - Mhari - Nhowe - Shavasha -

Note:This record is in three parts: (A) the end of the "Changamire Empire"; (B) other Shona states; (C) the Ndebele ("Matabele") Kingdom. Under the British rule and in independent Rhodesia the chiefdoms were organized into the Native Councils with legal authority of local administration (from 1937) and taxation (from 1943). There were 234 chiefdoms (in 1951) and 46 Native Councils (in 1947, increased to 153 by 1972) in present Zimbabwe.

"Changamire Empire"

Note:Various names have been proposed for this polity, among them Botwa, Moyo-vaRozwi, Ukalanga (i.e., Karanga, the state [seeMozambique traditional states] of which this polity is historically an offshoot). Changamire is probably a distortion, adopted by the Portuguese, of name and/or epithet of the founder.

c.1480 Changamire, briefly usurping ruler of the Karanga state, is removed and establishes a separate polity; its history to c.1680 is obscure. c.1680 The Changamire state absorbs the Torwa state. 1857 The last effective ruler flees (he is captured 1866) and the British South Africa Company rules (till 1923); the ruling lineage continues to claim the royal style.

Rulers (title Mambo) c.1695 - c.1700 Changamire Zharare c.1700 - 1710 Changamire Negamo 1712? - 1788 Chirisamuru1790? - 1824 Changamire Dhafac.1802 Gumboremvura Changamire c.1825 Changamire Baswi1828 - 1836 Chirisamhuru II Changamire Dhlembevu (= Sabanko Changamire = Chapungu Changamire) 1836 - 1838 Vacant 1838 - 1857 Tohwechipi Changamire "Chibamubamu" (fled 1857, captured 1866)

Other Shona states

Bocha

Rulers (title Mambo) bf.1750 Mutekwatekwa .... - .... Chiruka (later Dongorere) .... - .... Chimhiti .... - .... Gandidzanwa .... - .... Nyachitwu 1938 - 19.. Chikwa 19.. - 19.. Manjengwa 19.. - 19.. Nyamura 19.. - 19.. Nyika 1946 - 19.. Murwira 19.. - 19.. Isiah (Hama) 19.. - 19.. Solomon Murwira19.. - Bernard

Buhera

Rulers (title Mambo)
1858? Mutema
.... Muradzikwa

Govera

c.1788 Govera state founded.

Rulers (title Mambo) c.1788 Chirimuhanzo I Mhepo .... - .... Chirimuhanzo II .... - .... Chirimuhanzo III .... - .... Chirimuhanzo IV .... - .... Chirimuhanzo V .... - .... Chirimuhanzo VI .... - 1891 Chirimuhanzo VII Chatikobo 1891 - .... Chirimuhanzo VIII Chinyama

Manyika: see Mozambique traditional states

Maungwe

c.1635 Maungwe state founded.

Rulers (title Mambo) .... - 1831 Makoni IX Muswati 1831 - 183. Makoni X Zendera 183. - 1840 Mukunyadze (usurper) 1840 - 1865 Makoni XI Nyamahindi 1865 - 1889 Makoni XII Muruko 1889 - 4 Sep 1896 Makoni XIII Mutota (= Chingaira) 1896 - 1921 Makoni XIV Ndapfunya

Mbire

c.1330 Mwene Mutapa (also called Monomatap) state founded. c.1740 Mbire state founded.

Rulers (title Mambo) c.1759 - c.1785 Svosve Changara c.1785 - c.1790 Svosve Nyamhandu II c.1790 - c.1810 Svosve Chiwayo c.1810 - c.1835 Svosve Nyasoro .... - 186. Svosve Chikunga 186. - 18.. Svosve Choto Mtuta Chidyausiku 18.. - 1896 Svosve Gusha 1896 - 1897 Svosve Chikosha

Mhari

c.1820 Mhari state founded.

Rulers (title Mambo) c.1830 Chivi I Tavengerwegi 1837? - 1865 Chivi II Matsweru 1865 - Oct 1879 Chivi III Mazorodze 1879 - 188. Chivi IV 188. - 1907 Chivi V Madhlangove

Nhowe

c.1710 Mangwende dynasty, formerly in Matandandura and Matukutu, settles in Nhowe.

Rulers (title Mambo) c.1831 Gatsi 18.. - 1869 Motani 1869 - 1880 Katerere 1880 - May 1924 Mungati 1924 - 1926 Vacant 1926 - 19.. Chibanda

Shavasha

c.1744 Chinamhora dynasty, founded c.16.., settles in Shavasha.

Rulers (title Mambo) c.1831 Chinamhora V Chidwiza 18.. - 18.. Chinamhora VI 18.. - 18.. Chinamhora VII c.1869 Chinamhora VIII Chingoma c.1888 - 1907 Chinamhora IX Kuvimadzama 1907 - 1916 Chinamhora X Shambare (d. 1916)

amaNdebele (Matabele)

1821 Mzilikazi Khumalo, a Zulu chief, emigrates, creating a migrating amaNdebele polity. Nov 1837 One of two migrating parties settles in its final location (modern Bulawayo) and, in ignorance of the fate of Mzilikazi, installs his son Nkulumane as acting king. 1839 Mzilikazi's party arrives and purges the Nkulumane faction, consolidating the kingdom. 11 Feb 1888 Cecil Rhodes'scompany imposes a protectorate over the Ndebele Kingdom (Matabeleland) by the Rudd Concession (contested by the Ndebele). 9 May 1891 Matabeleland declared a British protectorate. Feb 1894 The British South Africa Company (i.e., Cecil Rhodes's company) extinguishes the kingdom after the flight of Lobengula. late 1894 - Dec 1896 Sporadically successful attempts at reinstating the kingdom that ultimately fail.

Rulers (title Nkosi) 1821 - 5 Sep 1868 Mzilikazi ka Mthsobana Khumalo (b. c.1796 - d. 1868) 1837 - 1839 Nkulumane ka Mzilikazi Khumalo (acting king) 9 Sep 1868 - 24 Jan 1870 Mncumbathe ka Mzingeli Khumalo-Regent(b. c.1780 - d. c.1872) 24 Jan 1870 - Feb 1894 Jando "Lopengule" ka Mzilikazi Khumalo (b. 1836 - d. 1894) (usually referred to as Lobengula) Feb 1894 - late 1894 Vacant late 1894 - 15 Jun 1896 Mlugulu Khumalo -Regent 15 Jun 1896 - Dec 1896 Nyamanda ka Lopengule Khumalo (b. c.1873 - d. 1925)