Mozambique Traditional states
Note: This record is in three parts. (A)
The last gasps of the Karanga empire (the "Empire of the Monomotapa"),
with its spin-off Manyika (which is located in part in present-day Zimbabwe).
(B) Coastal states. (C) The "Gaza State," amaGaza.
Karanga
bf.1420
Karanga state founded.
1902
Remnants of state extinguished by the Portuguese
colonial government.
Rulers¹
1803 - 1804
Cangara II
1804 - 1806
Mutiwapangome
1806
Mutiwaora
1806 - 1807
Cipfumba
1807 - 1828?
Nyasoro
1828 - 1830
Cimininyambo (Kandeya II)
1830 - 1849?
Dzeka
1849 - 1868
Kataruza
1868 - 1870
Kandeya III
1870 - 1887
Dzuda
1887 - 1902
Cioko Dambamupute
¹The style of the ruler is Mambo, the
usual one in this ethnic group; but he has had from 1420 an epithet, rendered
Monomotapa
by the Portuguese; there has been controversy concerning the "native" form;
it is often read Mwene Mutapa, but the most critical sources give
it as
Munhu Mutapa.
Manyika
bf.1494
Manyika state established, originally subject to Karanga
1695
Conquered by Cangamire; Nguruve lineage replaced by
Tembo-shumba lineage.
Rulers (title Mambo)
1796 - 1807
Cikanga Nyarumwe II (1st time)
1807 - 1813
Cikanga Nyangombe
1813 - 1818
Cikanga Nyamandoto II
1818 - 1822
Cikanga Nyarumwe II (2nd time)
1822
Cikanga Juru or Mutasa Juru
1822?- 1845
Mutasa Mutemberwa
1845 - 1865
Mutasa Matidya Dasi
1865 - 1870
Mutasa Mvumbi
1870 - 1902
Mutasa Tendayi Katsatso "Cifambausiku"
1902 - 1911
Mutasa Cakanyuka
1911 - 1943
Mutasa Kadzima
1943 - 1957
Mutasa Cimuriwo
1957 - 1959
Mutasa Mashita Mukukudzi
1959 - 1965
Mutasa Makanda Gomwe
1965 -
Mutasa Pafiwa
Coastal states
Angoshe
1485
Angoshe sultanate established.
1910
State extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sultans
1795 - 1817
`Alawi ibn Muhsini
1817 - 1821
Hasan Camakama
1821 - 18..
`Alawi Mugosirima
18.. - 1849
Ahmadi ibn Sulayman "Bari Bwana Mkuu"
1849 - 1861
Hasani Usufu
1861 - 1877
Musa Muhammad Sahib "Musa Quanto"
1877 - 1884
Sulayman ibn Raja
1884 - 1889
Husayn Ibrahimu
1889 - 1910
Ibrahimu ibn Sulayman
Kitangonya
bf.1750
Kitangonya sheikhdom established.
af.1906
State extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sheikhs
bf.1750 - 1775?
....
1775? - 1804
Twakali Hija
1804 - 1817
Janfar Salim
1817 - 1850
Sulayman Bwana Hajj
1850 - 1873
`Ali Amisi Heri
1873 - 1875
`Abd al-Rahman Sa`id `Ali
1875 - 1878
Vacant
1878 - 1884
Ahmadi `Abd Allah
1884 - 1906
Mahmud Bwana Ahmadi
1906 - 19..
Sa`id ibn Amisi
Sankul
1753
Sankul sheikhdom established.
1910
State extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sheikhs
1753 - 1797
....
1797 - 1800
Mukusedi Muhammad Raja
1800 - 1804
Mutirua Muhammad
1804 - 1810
Hasan Raja
1810 - 1822
Molidi `Uthman
1822 - 1832
Mukusedi `Ali Muhammad Raja
1832 - 1841
Burehimu Usufu (regent to 1834)
1842 - 1862
Hasan Musa Mukusedi
1863 - 1874
Camakama Molidi
1875 - 1886
`Abd Allah Usufu ibn Hasan "Umkubu Muntu"
1886 - 1898
Hasan Molidi
1898 - 1910
Suali ibn `Ali Ibrahimu "Marave"
amaGaza
1825
Sotshangane Nxumalo, grandson of Gaza Nxumalo, establishes
a polity and calls it amaGaza.
28 Dec 1895
State extinguished by Portuguese colonial government;
rebellion continued to 20 Jul 1897.
Rulers (title Nkosi)
1825 - 11 Oct 1858
Manukozi Sotshangane Nxumalo
11 Oct 1858 - 18..
Mawewe Nxumalo (1st time)
18.. - 18..
Mzila Nxumalo (1st time)
18.. - 1862
Mawewe Nxumalo (2nd time)
1862 - Aug 1884
Mzila Nxumalo (2nd time)
Aug 1884 - 28 Dec 1895 Mdungazwe Nggunggunyana
Nxumalo
1896 - 20 Jul 1897
Magigane Nxumalo (in rebellion)
© Ben Cahoon
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