Traditional States of Nigeria

1829                       Abeokuta city-state founded.
1893                       British protectorate.
c.1914                     Ruler declared paramount ruler of Egbaland.
16 Sep 1914                Part of Nigeria southern provinces.

Chiefs
1829 - 1845                Shodeke
1845 - 1846                Shomoye -Regent (1st time)
1846 - 1854                Sagbua Okukenun -Regent
Rulers (title Alake)
1854 - 1862                Okukenun (Sagbua Okukenun)
1862 - 1868                Shomoye -Regent (2nd time)
28 Nov 1869 - 20 Dec 1877  Ademola I
1877 - 1881                Oyeekan                            (d. 1881)
1885 - 27 Jan 1889         Oluwajin
1891 - 1898                Oshokalu
 8 Aug 1898 - 28 May 1920  Gbadebo I                          (b. 1854 - d. 1920)
27 Sep 1920 - 27 Dec 1962  Ladapo Samuel Ademola II           (b. 1872 - d. 1962)
29 Sep 1963 - 26 Oct 1971  Adesiinan Samuel Gbadebo II        (b. 1908 - d. 1971)
 5 Aug 1972 -  3 Feb 2005  Samuel Oyebade Mofolorunsho Lipede (b. 1915 - d. 2005)
24 Aug 2005 -              Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III         (b. 1943)

1804                      Zuba state, formally continuing the Hausa state of Zazzau,
                            destroyed by the Fulbe jihad (see Zaria).
1828                      State renamed Abuja in honor of ruler.
1902                      Occupied by Britain, part of Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
196.                      State renamed Suleja.

Rulers (title Sarkin Zazzau, from 1828 also emir)
1804 - 1825               Muhammad Makau dan Ishaqu Jatau            (d. 1825)
1825 -  2 Aug 1851        Jatau "Abu Ja" dan Ishaqu Jatau            (d. 1851)
 2 Aug 1851 - 29 Jul 1877 Abu Kwaka "Dogon Sarki" dan Ishaqu Jatau   (d. 1877)
29 Jul 1877 - Aug 1902    Ibrahim "Iyalai" "Dodon Gwari" dan Jatau   (d. 1902)
1902 - 1917               Muhammad Gani dan Abu Kwaka
May 1917 -  3 Mar 1944    Musa Angulu dan Ibrahim                    (d. 1944)
13 Mar 1944 - 1979        Sulayman Barau dan Muhammad Gani           (d. 1979)
1979 - 1993               Malam Ibrahim Dodo Musa                    (d. 1993)
1993 - 10 May 1994        Malam Awwal Ibrahim (1st time)             (b. 1941)
10 May 1994 - Jan 2000    Bashir Sulaiman Barau
Jan 2000 -                Malam Awwal Ibrahim (2nd time)             (s.a.)

1809                       Adamawa, a Fulbe jihad state, founded
                             (now partially in Cameroon).
Sep 1901                   Partitioned between German Kamerun and British
                             Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Baban-Lamido)
1809 - 1847                Modibo Adama bi Ardo Hasana        (b. c.1771 - d. 1848)
1847                       Hamidu bi Adama -Regent            (d. c.1872)
1847 - 1872                Muhammadu Lawal bi Adama           (b. c.1797 - d. 1872)
1872 - 1890                `Umaru Sanda bi Adama              (d. 1890)
1890 -  8 Sep 1901         Zubayru bi Adama                   (b. 18.. - d. 1903)
                            (continuing in rebellion to 25 Feb 1903)
 8 Sep 1901 - 1909         Baba Ahmadu bi Adama               (b. 18.. - d. 1916)
1909 - 1910                Muhammad Yarima Iya bi Sanda
1910 - 23 Aug 1924         Muhammad Abba bi Baba Ahmadu       (d. 1924)
1924 - 1928                Muhammad Bello "Mai Gari"
                             bi Ahmadu "Boboa"                (d. 1928)
1928 - 1946                Muhammad Mustafa bi Muhammad Abba  (b. 1900 - d. 1946)
1946 - Jun 1953            Yarima Ahmadu bi Muhammad Bello
Jun 1953 -                 `Aliyu Mustafa bi Muhammad Mustafa

1822                       Agaie, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
24 Jun 1898                Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Northern Nigeria).

Emirs
1822 - 1832                Malam Baba dan Attahiru                 (d. 1848)
                            (regent 1832-48)
1832 - 1857                `Abd Allahi I dan Baba                  (d. 1857)
1857 - 1877                Muhammadu Dikko dan `Abd Allahi         (d. 1877)
1877 - 1900                Nuhu dan Sulaymana                      (d. 1900)
1900 - 24 Jul 1919         Abu Bakar I dan `Abd Allahi             (d. 1919)
19 Aug 1919 - 1926         Abu Bakar II dan Nuhu                   (d. 1926)
1926 - Apr 1935            `Abd Allahi II dan Buhari               (d. 1935)
1935 - 1953                `Aliyu dan Abi Bakar                    (d. 1953)
Oct 1953 - 19..            Muhammadu Bello Ubandoma dan
                             Muhammadu
19.. - 19 Oct 1994         Muhammad Nkochi Attahiru (1st time)
19 Oct 1994 - 13 Oct 2001  Vacant?
13 Oct 2001 -              Muhammad Nkochi Attahiru (2nd time)
                            (reinstated with retroactive effect to 6 Mar 2000)

....                       Akwa Akpa founded; known to Europeans as Duke Town.
1786                       Independence.
19 Nov 1896 - 31 Jan 1903  Self-rule interrupted.
1902                       Renamed Old Calabar in protectorate terminology.

Rulers (title Edidem)
1786 - 1805                Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho
1805 - 1814                Ekpenyong Effiom Okoho Eyamba III
1814 - 1834                Effiom Edem Ekpo Effiom I Eyamba IV
1834 - 1847                Edem Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho Eyamba V
May 1849 -  4 Feb 1852     Effiom Okoho Asibong I Ekpo Minika
Apr 1852 - Aug 1858        Ededem Effiom II
Mar 1859 - 26 Aug 1872     Eyo Asibong II
1872 -  5 May 1879         Edem Asibong III Eyamba VIII
 7 Apr 1880 - 19 Nov 1896  Orok Edem Eyamba IX
Rulers (title Obong)
31 Jan 1903 - 1906         Edem Effiom Edem
19.. - 19..                Asibong IV
1956?                      Asibong V

1805                       Bauchi emirate, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
16 Feb 1902                Part of British Northern Nigerian Protectorate.

Rulers (title Lamido)
1805 - 1845                Ya`qubu I dan Dadi                 (b. 1753 - d. 1845)
1845 - 1877                Ibrahima dan Ya`qubu
1877 - 1883                `Usman dan Ibrahima
1883 - 1902                `Umaru dan Salamanu
1902                       Muhammadu dan Ibrahima             (d. 1902)
1903 - 1907                Hasan dan Mamudu                   (d. 1907)
1907 - 1941                Ya`qubu II dan `Usman              (d. 1941)
1941 - 28 Sep 1954         Ya`qubu III dan `Umaru
May 1955 - 19..            Adama Jumba dan Ya`qubu
1998? -                    Suleiman Tiya Adamu Jumba

c.1810                     Bedde state founded.
1902                       Part of British Northern Nigerian Protectorate.

Rulers (title Mai Bedde)
.... - ....                Dugum Bugia
.... - ....                Dugum Akuya dan Bugia
.... - 1842                Lawan Babuje dan Dugum Akuya       (d. 1842)
1842 - 1893                al-Hajji dan Babuje                (d. 1893)
1893 - 1897                Duna dan al-Hajji
1897 - 1904                Salih dan al-Hajji                 (d. 1919)
Emirs
1904 - Apr 1919            Salih dan al-Hajji                 (s.a.)
Feb 1920 - 1941            Sulayman dan Salih
1942 - 1945                Mai `Umara dan al-Hajji            (d. 1945)
1945 -                     Maina `Umar dan Sulayman           (b. 1919)

1535                       Biu or Viyu state founded.
 1 Jan 1900                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Mai Biu, also styled Kuthli)
.... - ....                Jakwa Birtilik
.... - ....                Tulama Bahara
.... - ....                Tayar Warinki
.... - ....                Dakwai
c.1740                     Mari Kopchi
c.1750                     Di Forma dan Mari Kopchi
c.1760                     Garga Moda dan Mari Kopchi
c.1770                     Dawi Moda (Di Moda dan Di Forma)
c.1780                     Di Biya dan Di Moda
17.. - 1783                Di Rawa dan Di Biya
1783 - 1793                Garga Kopchi dan Di Biya           (d. 1793)
1793 - 1838                Mari Watirwa dan Di Rawa           (b. 17.. - d. 1838)
1838 - 1873                Ari Paskur dan Mari Watirwa        (d. 1873)
1873 - 1891                Mari Biya dan Ari Paskur           (b. 18.. - d. 1891)
1891 - 1908                Garga Kwomting dan Mari Biya       (b. 18.. - d. 1908)
1908 - 1920                Ari Dogo dan Garga Kwomting        (b. 1876 - d. 1935)
Emirs
1920 - 1935                Ari I Dogo dan Garga Kwomting      (s.a.)
1935 - 1951                Ari II Gurgur dan Garga Kwomting   (d. 1951)
1951 - 1959                Muhammad `Aliyu dan Ari Dogo       (b. 1907)
1959 -                     Maidalla Mustafa dan Muhammad      (b. 1915)
                             `Aliyu

Note: The principal Borgu polities are: Bussa, the legendary original state, and still
respected as the premier Borgu state; Kaiama, an offshoot of Bussa, merged with Bussa in 
1954 into a state renamed Borgu; and Nikki, rival to Bussa in antiquity, and located in 
modern Benin (see under Benin Traditional polities).

Bussa

....                        Bussa founded in legendary remote antiquity.
18 Feb 1897                 Part of British Niger Coast Protectorate 
                              (later Southern Nigeria).
Apr 1915 - 19 Apr 1917      Occupied by Yawuri.
1954                        Merged with Kaiama into Borgu.

Ruler (title Kibe, also styled Sarkin Bussa)
.... - 1730                 Kiseru Brodi
1730 - 1750                 Yerima Bussa dan Kiseru Brodi
1750 - 1766                 Kigera I dan Kiseru Brodi
1766 - 1791                 Jibrim dan Yerima Bussa            (d. 1791)
1791 - 1792                 Yerima Ibrahim dan Jibrim
1793 - 180.                 Kitoro Gani Zara dan Jibrim        (d. 1835)
Emir (also styled Sarkin Bussa)
180. - 1835                 Kitoro Gani Zara dan Jibrim        (s.a.)
1835 - 1843                 Kisaru Kisan Dogo dan Jibrim
1843 - 1844                 Beraki dan Jibrim
1844 - 1862                 Waruko Gajere dan Maikuka          (d. 1862)
1862 - 1895                 Kigera II Jibrim Dan Toro 
                              dan Kitoro                       (d. 1895) 
1895 - Nov 1903             Wuru Yaro Kisaru Kisan Dogo
                              dan Kitoro                       (d. 1903) 
19 Dec 1903 - Apr 1915      Kitoro Gani Kilisha Yerima dan 
                              Dan Toro (1st time)
Apr 1915 - 19 Apr 1917      occupied by Yawuri
19 Apr 1917 - Oct/Nov 1924  Jibrim dan Dan Toro
 6 Nov 1924 - 21 Aug 1935   Muhammadu Kitoro Gani Kilisha 
                              Yerima dan Dan Toro (2nd time)
29 Aug 1935 - 1954          Wuru Babaki dan Dan Toro 
                              (regent to 17 Sep 1935)          (d. 1968)
                              (from 25 Jan 1937, Muhammadu Sani)

....                       Kaiama founded as offshoot of Bussa.
1954                       Merged with Bussa into Borgu.

Ruler (title Sarkin Kaiama)
.... - 1901                Mora Tsaude
Emirs
1901 -  7 Oct 1912         Mora Tsaude
1912 - Apr 1915            Jimi
1915 - 13 Feb 1917         Mashi
Apr 1917 - 1921            Yerima Kura
1921 - 1954                Khaliru Kiyaru

1954                       Borgu formed by merger of Bussa and Kaiama.

Emirs
1954 - 1968                Muhammadu Sani dan Dan Toro        (s.a.)
1968 -  3 Feb 2000         Musa Muhammadu Kigera III
                             dan Muhammadu Sani               (d. 2000)
12 Feb 2000 - 26 Feb 2002  Isiaku Musa Jikantoro
26 Feb 2002 -              Haliru Dantoro Kitoro III
                             dan Muhammadu Sani               (b. 1938)

c.700                      Kanem state founded by Yemeni migrants, according to chronicles.
c.1380                     State gradually becomes known as Borno.
1892                       Partitioned by U.K., France, and Germany.
1900                       Part of territory to French territory of Chad.
1901/02                    Two rival residences: Kukawa and Dikwa.
1902                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
1922                       Dikwa formally recognized as a distinct state.
1937                       Kukawa and Dikwa reunited in a single Borno state.

Rulers (title Mai, sometimes styled Sultan)
1694 - 1711                Idris IV ibn `Ali
1711 - 1726                Dunama VI ibn `Ali
1726 - 1738                Hamdun Dunamani
1738 - 1751                Muhammad VII ibn Hamdun Erghamma
1751 - 1753                Dunama VII ibn Muhammad "Gana"
1753 - 1793                `Ali IV Dunamani `Umarni
1793 - Mar 1808            Ahmad `Alimi
Mar 1808 - 1810            Dunama VIII ibn Ahmad Lefiami (1st time)   (d. 1820)
1810 - 1813                Muhammad VIII Nghileruma
1813 - 1820                Dunama VIII ibn Ahmad Lefiami (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1820 - 1846                Ibrahim V ibn Ahmad                        (d. 1846)
1846                       `Ali V ibn Ibrahim Dalatumi "Minargoma"    (d. 1846)
Rulers (title Shehu)
1846 - Nov 1853            `Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin (1st time)    (d. 1881)
Nov 1853 - Sep 1854        `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin
Sep 1854 - 1881            `Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1881 - 1884                Abu Bakr ibn `Umar Kura                    (d. 1884)
1884                       Mustafa Kura ibn Muhammad al-Amin
1884 - 1885                Ibrahim ibn `Umar                          (d. 1885)
1885 - 1893                Hashim ibn `Umar                           (d. 1893)
1893                       Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Amin Kiyari       (d. 1893)
1893                       Sanda ibn Abi Bakr Limanambe Wuduroma      (d. 1893)
1893 - 22 Apr 1900         Rabih Zubayr ibn Fadl Allah                (b. 184. - d. 1900)
22 Apr 1900 - 23 Aug 1901  Fadl Allah ibn Rabih                       (b. 18.. - d. 1901)
at Kukawa:
1902 - Feb 1922            `Ali ibn Ibrahim Bukarmi Jarbay            (d. 1922)
1922 - 1937                `Umar II ibn Ibrahim Bukarmi               (b. c.1842 - d. 1937)
at Dikwa:
1901                       `Umar ibn Ibrahim Bukarmi                  (s.a.)
1901 - 1902                `Ali ibn Ibrahim Bukarmi Jarbay            (s.a.)
1902                       Mustafa Gumsumi
1902 - 1905                `Umar ibn Abi Bakr (1st time)              (d. 1917)
1904 - 1905                Aba Sanusi (in rebellion)
1905 - 1906                Ibrahim ibn Abi Bakr
1906 - 1917                `Umar ibn Abi Bakr (2nd time)              (s.a.)
1917 - 1937                `Umar ibn Muhammad al-Amin Kiyari          (b. 1872 - d. 1968)
Borno reunited:
1937 - Jan 1968            `Umar III ibn Muhammad al-Amin Kiyari      (s.a.)
1968 - 19..                `Umar IV ibn `Ali Bukarmi Jaraby
19.. - 19..                Mustafa ibn `Umar Sanda
1975? - 19..               `Umar V ibn Abi Bakr Jarbay
1999? -                    Mustafa ibn `Umar

....                       Daura founded in legendary remote antiquity.
1806                       Dynasty displaced at Daura city (a) and split into three 
                             lineages (b), (c), and (d) ruling at other locations
                             (indicated below).
1903                       Darua states divided between Britain and France.
1906                       State reunited.

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura)
.... - ....                Hazo Allah Sarki
.... - ....                Dango
.... - ....                Bawan Allah
.... - ....                Khalifa
.... - ....                Tsoho dan Khalifa
.... - 1798                Jirro dan Tsoho
1798 - 1806                `Abdu dan Tsoho "Sarkin Gwari"     (d. 1806)

(a) at Daura:

Rulers (title Amir Daura)
1806 - 1830                Malam Ishaqu ibn Malam `Isa
1830 - 1836                Yusufu ibn Malam `Isa
1836 - 1837                Muhamman Sani ibn Malam `Isa
1837                       Zubayru ibn Malam Ishaqu
1837 - 1868                Muhamman Bello ibn Malam Ishaqu
1868 - 1876                Muhamman Altine ibn Muhamman Bello
1876 - 1906                Muhamman Mai Gurdo ibn Muhamman Bello
1906                       Sogiji ibn Muhamman Mai Gurdo
1906                       Murnay ibn Muhamman Bello
1906                       Dan Kanyo -Regent
1906                       Regents
                           - Malam Bawa
                           - Na'inkali

(b) at various locations, from 1851 at Zango:

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura)
1809 - 1825                `Abdu dan Tsoho "Sarkin Gwari"
1825 - 1855                Lukudi Sulaymanu dan Tsoho
1846                       Muhamman Kyenkyere dan `Abdu 
                             (in rebellion, at Kuyukuku)
1855 - 1861                Nuhu dan Lukudi
1861 - 1864                Muhamman Sha dan `Abdu
1864 - 1871                Haruna dan Lukudi
1871 - 1877                Dan Aro dan `Abdu
1877 - 1884                Tafida dan Nuhu (1st time)         (d. 1904)
1884 - 1886                Sulaymanu dan Dan Aro
1886 - 1891                Yusufu dan Lukudi
1891 - 1904                Tafida dan Nuhu (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1904 - 1906                Malam Musa dan Nuhu                (d. 1911)

(c) at various locations, ultimately at Baure:

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura)
1826?                      Dan Shufini dan Khalifa
18.. - 1847                Tsoho dan Dan Shufini
1847 - 1850                Habu dan Tsoho (1st time)
1850 - 1854                Jibo dan Tsoho (1st time)
1854 - 1859                Habu dan Tsoho (2nd time)
1859 - 1865                Jibo dan Tsoho (2nd time)
1865 - 1874                `Ali dan Tsoho (1st time)
1874 - 1887                Zakari dan Habu (1st time)
1887 - 1888                Muhamman Kalgaba dan Tsoho
1888 - 1890                `Ali dan Tsoho (2nd time)
1890 - 1894                Zakari dan Habu (2nd time)
1894 - 1903                `Abdu dan Habu
1903 - 1906                Khaliru dan Tsoho

(d) at Magaria:
183.                       Separated from (c).
1850                       Reincorporated into (c).

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura)
.... - 1840                Kitari dan Khalifa
1840 - 1850                Masallaci dan Kitari

Daura reunited:

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura, also Amir Daura)
1906 - 1911                Malam Musa dan Nuhu
1911 - 1966                `Abd ar-Rahman dan Musa            (b. 1881 - d. 1966)
1966 -                     Muhammadu Bashar dan `Umaru

....                       Igodomigodo founded and ruled by rulers styled Ogiso.
c.1170                     (traditional version): Ruler of Oyo founds Ile Ibinu 
                             (Benin City).
c.1470                     Edo becomes name of state.
 9 Sep 1897                Benin City conquered by Britain and royalty suppressed.
24 Jul 1914                Royalty reinstated.

Rulers (title Oba)
1689 - 1700                Oreoghenen
1700 - 1712                Ewuakpe
1712 - 1713                Ozuere
1713 - 1735                Akenzua I "Nisonorho"
1735 - 1750                Eresonyen
1750 - 1804                Akengbuda
1804 - 1816                Obanosa
1816  (8 months)           Ogbebo
1816 - 1851                Osemwede                           (d. 1851)
1851 - 1888                Adolo                              (d. 1888)
1888 -  9 Sep 1897         Ovonrramwen Nogbaisi               (d. 1914)
                             (in Calabar exile to 1914)
 9 Sep 1897 - 24 Jul 1914  Royalty suppressed
24 Jul 1914 -  2 Feb 1933  Eweka II                           (d. 1933)
 5 Apr 1933 -  1 Dec 1978  Akenzua II                         (b. 1899 - d. 1978)
23 Mar 1979 -              Erediauwa                          (b. 1923)

....                       Daniski state founded in legendary antiquity.
c.1800                     Daniski replaced by Fika (in the local Bole
                             language, Pikka).
27 Dec 1899                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers of Daniski
.... - ....                Aji Daka dan Mele Fusan
.... - ....                Langawa dan Bawa Kayi
.... - ....                `Usman Gana dan Mele Fusan
.... - ....                Mammadi Gizze dan Mama Kayi
.... - ....                Mele Filata dan Mama Gimsi
Rulers (title Moi Pikka) (from 1924 resident at Potiskum)
c.1806                     Buraima
c.1822                     Adam
c.1844                     Disa Siri
c.1844 - 1867              Mammadi Gaganga
1867 - 1871                Isma`ila
1871 - 1882                Mammadi Buye
1882                       Aji
1882 - 1885                Mama (Muhammad)
1885 - 1902                Sule
1902 - 1922                Disa (Idris)                      (d. 1922)
1922 - 1976                Muhammadu Gana dan Idris          (b. c.1881 - d. 1976)
1976 - ....                Mania Alsali dan Muhammadu
.... -                     Muhammadu Abali

....                       Gobir traced to legendary remote antiquity in Arabia.
1742                       Ruling at Alkalawa.
1810                       Ruling at Tshibiri (in modern Niger).
1858 - 1905                Split into lineage ruling at Tshibiri (in modern Niger) 
                            and lineage ruling at Sabon Birni (in modern Nigeria).
1900                       Partitioned between French territory of Zinder (see Niger)
                             and British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
c.1910                     State reunited, ruling at Tshibiri (in modern Niger).
1975                       Ruling at Sabon Birni (in Nigeria).

Rulers (title Sarkin Gobir)
1694 - 1720                Muhammadu III dan Ciroma
1720 - 17..                Baciri VI
17.. - 17..                Muhamman Mai Gici
17.. - 17..                Akali
17.. - 17..                Arkal III
17.. - 17..                Muhammadu IV
17.. - 17..                Soba dan Muhamman Mai Gici
17.. - 1742                Uban Iche dan Muhamman Mai Gici
1742 - 1770                Babari dan Uban Iche
1770 - 1777                Dan Gudi dan Babari
1777                       Gambai
1777 - 1795                Baba Jan Gwarzo dan Babari         (d. 1795)
1795 - 1801                Yaq`uba dan Babari                 (d. 1801)
1801 - 1803                Muhamman Bunu Nafata dan Babari
1803 - 1808                Yunfa dan Nafata                   (d. 1808)
1810 - 1814                Salihu dan Ya`quba
1814 - 1816                Gwamki dan Kura Gado
1816 - 1835                `Ali dan Ya`quba
1835                       Jibon Tauba dan Ya`quba
1835 - 1836                Baciri VII dan Ya`quba
1836 - 1858                Mayaki dan Ya`quba
at Tshibiri:
1858 - 1883                Bawa dan Gwamki
1883 - 1886                Ibrahimu dan `Ali (1st time)
                             (ruling at Sabon Birni under the name Kasso)
1886 - 1889                Maynassara Maji dan `Ali (1st time)
1889 - 1890                Almu dan Mayaki (1st time)
1890                       Ibrahimu dan `Ali (2nd time)
1890 - 1894                Maynassara Maji dan `Ali (2nd time)
1894 - 1897                Almu dan Mayaki (2nd time)
1897 - Apr 1898            Ibrahima Na Mai Fura dan Bawa
1898 - Jan 1899            Bakon Dare dan `Ali
1899 - 1904                `Umaru Dacili dan Mayaki (1st time)
1904                       Almu dan Mayaki (3rd time)
1904 - 1905                `Umaru Dacili dan Mayaki (2nd time)
1905 - c.1910              Almu dan Mayaki (4th time)
at Sabon Birni:
1860 - 1889                Dan Halima
1889                       Ishaqa
1889 - 1890                Gaude dan Baciri
1890 - 1897                Kasso
                            (ruling at Tshibiri under the name Ibrahimu dan `Ali)
1897 - 1899                Muhammadu Ishaqa dan `Ali
1899                       Muhamman Natawa
1899 - 1903                Belarabe dan Ibrahimu
1905 - 19..                `Umaru Jari
19.. - 19..                Jadi
19.. - c.1910              `Umaru Shawe
Gobir reunited:
c.1910 -  9 Sep 1911       Almu dan Mayaki
1911 - 14 Nov 1912         Bature dan Ibrahimu
1912 - 19..                Belarabe dan Ibrahimu
19.. - 19..                Dan Bude
19.. - 19..                Dan Magaji
19.. - 19..                Tumbulki
19.. - 19..                Mahaman dan Gulbi
19.. - 19..                Salau
19.. - 1939                Kunto
1939 - 1963                Labo Salau
1963 - 1975                Agada Nagogo
1975 -                     Muhammadu Bawa

1804                       Gombe, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
Feb 1902                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Modibo Gombe)
1804 - 1841                Abu Bakar "Buba Yero" dan           (b. c.1762 - d. 1841)
                             `Usuman Subande 
Emirs
1841 - 1844                Sulaymanu dan Abi Bakar             (d. 1844)
1844 - 1882                Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar   (d. 1882)
1882 - 1888                `Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan          (d. 1888)
                             Muhammadu
1888 - 1895                Hasan dan Muhammadu                 (d. 1895)
1895 - 1898                Tukur dan Muhammadu                 (d. 1898)
1898                       Jalo dan Muhammadu
1898 - 1922                `Umaru dan Muhammadu                (b. 18.. - d. 1922)
1922 - 1935                Haruna dan `Umaru                   (d. 1935)
Jan 1936 - 19..            Abu Bakar dan `Umaru                (b. 1902)
19.. -                     `Usuman Shehu dan Abu Bakar

1749                       Gumel state founded.
1903                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1749 - 1754                Dan Juma I dan Musa
1754 - 1760                Adamu Karro dan Digadiga Karro            (d. 1760)
1760 - 1777                Dan Juma II dan Digadiga Karro
1777 - 1804                Maikota dan Adam Karro                    (d. 1804)
1804 - 1811                Kalgo dan Maikota                         (d. 1811)
1811 - 1828                Dan Auwa dan Maikota                      (d. 1828)
1828 - 1851                Muhamman Dan Tanoma dan Maikota           (d. 1851)
1851 - 1853                Ceri dan Muhamman Dan Tanoma (1st time)
1853 - 1855                Muhamman Atu dan Dan Auwa
1855 - 1861                Ceri dan Muhamman Dan Tanoma (2nd time)
1861 - 1872                `Abd Allahi dan Muhamman Dan Tanoma       (d. 1872)
1872 - 1896                Abu Bakar dan Muhamman Dan Tanoma         (d. 1896)
1896 - 1915                Ahmadu dan Abi Bakar
1915 - 1944                Muhamman na Kota dan Ahmadu               (d. 1944)
May 1944 - 1981            Maina Muhamman dan Muhamman na Kota       (b. 1912)
1981 -                     Ahmad Muhammad Sani dan Maina Muhamman

1817                       Gwandu, a major Fulbe jihad state, founded.
Mar 1903                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1817 - 1828                `Abd Allahi dan Muhammadu Fodio  (b. 1756 - d. 1828)
1828 - 1833                Muhamman Wani dan `Abd Allahi    (d. 1833)
1833 - 1858                Khalilu dan `Abd Allahi          (d. 1858)
1858 - 1860                Khaliru I dan `Abd Allahi        (d. 1860)
1860 - 1864                `Aliyu dan `Abd Allahi           (d. 1864)
1864 - 1868                `Abd al-Qadiri dan `Abd Allahi   (d. 1868)
1868 - 1875                Mustafa dan Muhamman             (d. 1875)
1875 - 1876                Hanafi dan Khalilu               (d. 1876)
1876 - 1888                Maliki dan Muhamman              (d. 1888)
1888 - 1897                `Umaru Bakatara dan Khalilu      (b. 18.. - d. 1897)
1897 - 1898                `Abd Allahi Bayaro dan Muhamman  (b. 18.. - d. 1898)
1898 - May 1903            Bayaro `Aliyu dan `Aliyu         (b. 18.. - d. 1903)
May 1903 - Mar 1906        Muhammadu dan `Aliyu
Mar 1906 - Mar 1915        Khaliru II dan `Abd al-Qadiri    (d. 1915)
Mar 1915 - Jan 1918        Muhammadu Bashiru dan Khaliru    (d. 1918)
Jan 1918 - 1938            `Usman dan Khaliru               (d. 1938)
1938 - 12 Jan 1954         Yahaya dan Khaliru               (b. 1895 - d. 1954)
13 Jan 1954 - 1995         Muhammadu Haruna dan Muhammadu
                             Bashiru                        (b. 1913 - d. 1995)
Jul 1995 -  3 Jun 2005     Mustafa Haruna Jokolo dan
                             Muhammadu Haruna
 5 Jun 2005 -              Muhammadu Jega

c.1100                     Biram state founded.
1805                       Hadejia, a Fulbe jihad state, replaces Biram.
 7 Apr 1906                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Biram)
c.1700                     Kankarau
.... - ....                Asawa
.... - ....                Muhamman Bako
.... - ....                Kawu
.... - ....                Barwa
.... - 1805                Abu Bakar
1805                       Musa II
Rulers (title Sarkin Hadejia, from 1808 also styled emir)
1805 - 1808                `Umaru I dan Ardo `Abdua
1808                       Muhamman Kankiya dan `Umaru           (d. 1808)
1808 - 1845                Sambo Digimsa dan Ardo `Abdua         (d. 1848)
                             (1st time)
1845 - 1847                Garko Gambo dan Sambo Digimsa         (d. 1847)
1847 - 1848                `Abd al-Qadiri I dan Sambo Digimsa    (d. 1848)
1848                       Sambo Digimsa dan Ardo `Abdua         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1848 - 1851                Buhari dan Sambo Digimsa (1st time)   (d. 1863)
1851 - 1852                Ahmadu dan Sambo Digimsa              (d. 1851)
1852 - 1863                Buhari dan Sambo Digimsa (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1863 - 1865                `Umaru II dan Buhari
1865 - 1885                Haruna I dan Sambo Digimsa            (d. 1885)
1885 - Apr 1906            Muhammadu dan Haruna                  (b. 18.. - d. 1906)
1906 - 1909                Haruna II dan Muhammadu               (b. 18.. - d. 1909)
1909 - 1925                `Abd al-Qadiri dan Haruna             (d. 1925)
1925 - 1950                `Usman dan Haruna                     (d. 1950)
Jun 1950 - 1984            Haruna III dan `Abd al-Qadiri         (d. 1984)
1984 - 11 Sep 2002         Abubakar Maje Haruna                  (d. 2002)
14 Sep 2002 -              Adamu Abubakar Maje

c.1750                     Ibadan founded.
1893                       Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Southern Nigeria).
29 Oct 1936                Ibadan city-state independent from Oyo.

Rulers (title Olubadan)
29 Oct 1936 - 1945         Okunola Abasi
194. - Feb 1955            Igbintade
Feb 1955                   Akinyo (illegally installed)
17 Feb 1955 - May 1964     Isaac Babalola Akinyele
1964 - 19..                Aminu
19.. - Jul 1977            Adebimipe
Aug 1977 - 1981            Daniel Tayo Akinbiiyii
1981 - 26 Dec 1993         Yesufu Oloyede Asanike II          (d. 1993)
Jan 1994 - 1996?           Emmanuel A. Adeyemo
12 Apr 1999 -  6 Jul 2007  Yinusa Ogundipe Arapasowu I        (b. 1920 - d. 2007)
 7 Jul 2007 -              Samuel Odulana Odugade I           (b. 1914)

....                       Idoani state founded.
1899                       Annexed by the Niger Company, later incorporated into
                             Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Alani, also styled Oba)
.... - ....                Ani
.... - ....                Eware
.... - ....                Kosese
.... - ....                Kogbowo
.... - ....                Atariponasako
.... - ....                Mimi-Lanjobi
.... - ....                Ani-Onisu
.... - ....                Ajibuwa
.... - ....                Ajirotutu
.... - ....                Agunloko
.... - ....                Ajimokunola
.... - ....                Okinbaloye
.... - ....                Obasunloye
.... - ....                Akingbuda
.... - ....                Atorrungbuwa
1850? - 1899?              Atumwase
.... - 1921                Adesunloye Atewogboye
1921 - 1958                Falade I
1958 -                     Akingboye Falade II

c.19..                     Idoma polity organized under an Och'Idoma.

Ruler (title Och'Idoma)
.... - ....                ....
.... - ....                ....
Mar 1960 - 19..            Abraham Ajene Okpabi
1996? -                    Elias Ikoyi Obekpa Och'Idoma IV

bf.1700                    Igala state founded (also known as Idah).
1901                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Ata)
.... - ....                Abutu Eje
.... - ....                Ebelejonu (f)
.... - ....                Agenapoje
.... - ....                Idoko
.... - ....                Ayagba om Idoko
.... - ....                Akumabi om Ayagba (Onu)
.... - ....                Akogu om Ayagba
.... - ....                Ocoli om Ayagba (Ohiemi Obogo)
.... - ....                Agada Elame om Ayagba
.... - ....                Amaco om Akumabi
.... - ....                Itodo Aduga om Akumabi
.... - ....                Ogala om Akogu
.... - ....                Idoko Adegbe om Ocoli
.... - ....                Onuce om Amaco
.... - 1835                Ekalaga om Ogala
1835 - 1856                Amoceje om Itodo
1856 - 1870                Odiba om Idoko
1870 - 1876                Okoliko om Onuce
1876 - 1900                Amaga om Ekalaga
1900 - 1903                Oceje Onokpa om Amoceje
1905 - 1911                Ame Oboni om Odiba
1911 - 1919                Oguce Akpa om Okoliko
1919 - 1926                Atabo om Amaga
1926 - 1945                Obaje om Oceje
1945 - 23 Jun 1956         `Umaru Ame Akpoli om Oboni
20 Oct 1956 -              'Alii om Obaje

....                       Igbirra state founded.
20 May 1892                Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Northern Nigeria).

Ruler (title Ata)
15 Nov 1917 -  7 Jul 1954  Ibrahima
Ruler (title Ohinoyi)
1954 -                     Muhamman Sani Omolori

1836                       Ijaye separated from Oyo.
1861                       Ijaye re-incorporated into Oyo (in later independent Ibadan).

Ruler (title Oba)
1836 - 1861                Kurunmi

bf.1400                    Ijebu state founded.
20 May 1892                Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Northern Nigeria).

Rulers (title Awujale)
1885 - 18..                Towasi
1892?                       Gbelegbuwa I
1896?                      Ogbagba I
1926?                      Falabade
19.. - 1933                Ali Ogunaike
Sep 1933 - 1959            Daniel Adesanya Gbelegbuwa II
1959 -                     Sikiru Adetonwa Ogbagba II

1937                       This vassal of Ijebu is made a separate "native authority."

Rulers (title Akarigbo)
19.. - 1952                Erinwole I Awolesi
25 Apr 1952 - 1989         Erinwole II Moses Sowemimo Awolesi    (d. 1989)
14 Jul 1990 -              Michael Adeniyi Sonariwo Erinjugbo II

bf.1500                    Ile Ife, the notional Yoruba "spiritual" center, founded.
1900                       Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Northern Nigeria).

Rulers (title Ooni Ife)
.... - ....                Odunle Akinmoyero
.... - ....                Gbanlare
.... - ....                Gbegbaje
.... - ....                Winmolaje
.... - 1849                Adegunle Abeweela "gbegi-gbegi"
1849 - 1878                Degbin Kumbusu
1878 - 1881                Orayigba Ayikiti "Ojaja"
1881 - 1894                Aderin Ologbenla (in exile)
1894 - 1910                Adelekan Olubuse I
1910 - 1930                Ademiluyi Ajagun
25 Sep 1930 -  7 Jul 1980  Titus Martins Adesoji Tadeniawo Aderemi I  (b. 1889 - d. 1980)
Nov 1980 -                 Okunade Adele Sijuwade Olubuse II          (b. 1930)

c.1500                     Ilesa state founded (also known as Ijesa).

Rulers (title Owa, full style Owa Obokan Adimula)
.... - 17..                Bilagbayo
17.. - ....                Ori Abejoye
.... - ....                Bilajagodo "Arijelesin"
.... - ....                Bilatutu "Otutu bi Osin"
.... - ....                Bilasa "Asa abodofunfun"
c.1800                     Akesan
.... - 1807                Bilajara
1807 - 1813                Ogbagba
1813 - 1828                Obara "Bilajila"
1828 - 1833                Odundun
1833 - 1839                Gbegbaaje
1839                       Ariyasunle (1st time) -Regent
1839 - 1853                Ofokutu
1853                       Ariyasunle (2nd time) -Regent
1853 - 1867                Ponlose
1867 - 1869                Alobe
1869 -  4 Jun 1870         Agunlejika I
 4 Jun 1870 - 1871         Vacant
1871 - 1873                Oweweniye (1st time)
1873                       Vacant
1873 - 1875                Oweweniye (2nd time)
1875 - Sep 1892            Adimula Agunloye-bi-Oyinbo "Bepolonun"
Mar 1893 - Nov 1894        Lowolodu
Nov 1894 - Apr 1896        Vacant
Apr 1896 - Sep 1901        Ajimoko I
1901 - 1920                Ataiyero
1920 - 1942                Aromolaran I
1942 - 10 Sep 1942         .... -Regent
10 Sep 1942 - 18 Oct 1956  Ajimoko II "Fidipote"
18 Oct 1956 - 1957         J.E. Awodiya -Regent
1957 - Jul 1963            Biladu III "Fiwajoye"
Jul 1963 - 1966            .... -Regent
1966 - 19..                Agunlejika II 
1982? -                    Oba Gabriel Adekunle Aromolaran II

1817                       Ilorin state separated from Oyo by rebellious commander.
 5 Mar 1897                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Ruler (title Oba) 
1817 - 1831                Afonja                             (d. 1831)
Rulers (title Sarkin Ilorin, also styled emir)
1831 - 1842                `Abdusalami dan Salih `Alimi       (d. 1842)
1842 - 1860                Shi'ta dan Salih `Alimi            (d. 1860)
1860 - 1868                Zubayro dan `Abdusalami            (d. 1868)
1868 - 1891                Shi'ta `Aliyu dan Shi'ta           (b. c.1845 - d. 1891)
1891 - 1896                Moma dan Zubayru                   (d. 1896)
1896 - 14 Jan 1915         Sulaymanu dan `Aliyu               (b. 18.. - d. 1915)
1915 - Nov 1919            Shu`aybu Bawa dan Zubayru          (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
17 Feb 1920 - Jun 1959     `Abd al-Qadiri dan Shu`aybu        (b. 1887 - d. 1959)
30 Jun 1959 - 1991         Zulkarnayni Gambari dan Muhammadu 
                             Laofe "Aiyelabowo V"
1992 - Aug 1994            Malam dan `Abd al-Qadiri
1995 -                     Ibrahim Kolapo dan Gambari
                             (later Ibrahim Sulu Gambari)

1811                       Jama`are, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.  
Oct 1903                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1811 - 1824                Muhammadu Wabi I dan Ardo Sale          (d. 1824)
1824 - 1854                Sambolei dan Ardo Sale                  (d. 1854)
1854 - 1862                Muhammadu Maude dan Sambolei            (d. 1862)
1862 - 1886                Muhammadu Sambo dan Muhammadu Wabi      (d. 1886)
1886 - 11 Jan 1918         Muhammadu Wabi II dan Muhammadu Sambo   (d. 1918)
 4 Mar 1918 - 1928         Muhammadu Goje dan Muhammadu Wabi       (d. 1928)
1928 - 1975                Muhammadu Wabi III dan Muhammadu Goje   (b. 1900 - d. 1975)
1975 -                     Muhammadu Wabi IV dan Muhammadu Wabi

1810                       Jema`an Darroro, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
1902                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1810 - 1833                Malam `Usman                       (d. 1833)
1833 - 1837                `Abd Allahi dan `Usman             (d. 1837)
1837                       `Abd ar-Rahman (1st time) -Regent
1837 - 1846                Musa dan `Usman (1st time)
1846 - 1849                `Abd ar-Rahman (2nd time) -Regent
1849 - 1850                Musa dan `Usman (2nd time)
1850 - 1869                Adamu dan `Usman (1st time)
1869 - 1881                Muhammadu Adda dan `Usman (1st time)
1881 - 1885                Adamu dan `Usman (2nd time)
1885 - 1888                Muhammadu Adda dan `Usman (2nd time)
1888 - 1911                `Abd Allahi dan `Abd ar-Rahman     (b. 18.. - d. 1911)
1911 - 1915                Muhammadu dan `Abd Allahi          (b. 18.. - d. 1915)
1915 - Nov 1926            `Abd Allahi dan `Abd Allahi        (d. 1926)
Mar 1927 - 1960            Muhammadu dan Muhammadu            (b. 1872 - d. 1960)
1960 - 1961                Twelve Elders -Regents
1961 - Nov 1998            Isa dan Muhammadu                  (d. 1998)
May 1999 -                 Muhammadu dan Isa                  (b. 1970?)

19..                       Jos polity organized under a chief.

Chiefs (title Gbong Gwon)
1956?                      Rwang Pam
1970 -                     Fom Bot

c.1600                     Kalabari city-state founded.
 5 Jun 1885                Part of Oil Rivers British protectorate (later Southern Nigeria).
c.1900                     Named New Calabar in protectorate terminology.

Rulers (title Amanyanabo)
1720?                      Igonibo
17.. - 17..                Ngbesa
17.. - 17..                Omuye
17.. - 17..                Bokoye
17.. - 1750                Daba
1750 - 1770                Kalagba
1770 - 1790                Amakiri I
1790 - ....                Amakiri II
.... - Apr 1863            Amakiri III
Apr 1863 - 1900            Amakiri IV (Abbe Princewill)
1900 - 1918                Amakiri V (Charlie Keini)
1919 - 1929                Amakiri VI (Willie Keini)
1932 - 1960                Amakiri VII (Obenibo J.T. Princewill)
1960 - 1972                Amakiri VIII (Frederick Princewill)
1972 - 1975                Amakiri IX (Cottone Keini)
1975 -  7 Jun 1998         Amakiri X (Abbiye Suku)
 7 Jun 1998 -              Vacant

998                        Kano state re-founded.
Mar 1807                   Kano as a Fulbe jihad state replaces the old (Hausa) Kano state.
 3 Feb 1903                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Kano)
1670 - May 1702            Muhamman Dadi dan Bawa
May 1702 - Jul 1730        Muhamman Sharefa dan Muhamman Dadi
Jul 1730 - Feb 1743        Muhamman Kumbari dan Muhamman Sharefa
Feb 1743 - May 1753        Kabe dan Muhamman Kumbari
May 1753 - May 1768        Muhamman Yaji II ibn Muhamman Dadi
May 1768 - Feb 1776        Babba Zaki dan Muhamman Yaji
Feb 1776 - Dec 1780        Da'uda Abasama II dan Muhamman Yaji
Dec 1781 - Mar 1807        Muhamman Alwali dan Muhamman Yaji           (d. 1807)
Rulers (title Sarkin Kano, also styled emir)
Mar 1807 - 22 Aug 1819     Sulaymanu dan Abahama                       (d. 1819)
21 Sep 1819 -  9 Feb 1846  Ibrahim Dabo dan Muhamman "Cigari"          (d. 1846)
Mar 1846 - 26 Aug 1855     `Uthman I dan Ibrahim Dabo "Ma-je-Ringim"   (d. 1855)
16 Sep 1855 -  8 Sep 1882  `Abd Allahi dan Ibrahim Dabo "Sarkin Yanka" (d. 1882)
Sep 1882 - 25 Nov 1893     Muhamman Bello dan Ibrahim Dabo             (d. 1893)
Dec 1893 - 16 Mar 1895     Muhamman Tukur dan Muhamman Bello           (d. 1895)
16 Mar 1895 - Apr 1903     `Aliyu Baba dan `Abd Allahi                 (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
                             (in rebellion from 19 Aug 1894)
 3 Apr 1903 -  1 May 1919  Muhammadu `Abbas dan `Abd Allahi            (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1919 - 1926                `Uthman II dan `Abd Allahi                  (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
1926 - 25 Dec 1953         `Abd Allahi Bayaro dan Muhammadu `Abbas     (b. 1883 - d. 1953)
 1 Jan 1954 - 1963         Muhammadu Sanusi dan `Abd Allahi Bayaro     (b. 1905 - d. af.1984)
1963 -  8 Oct 1963         Muhammadu Inuwa `Abbas dan Muhammadu `Abbas (b. 1901 - d. 1963)
12 Oct 1963 -              Ado Bayaro dan `Abd Allahi Bayaro           (b. 1930)

1807                       Katagum, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
Oct 1903                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Katagum, also styled emir)
1807 - 1814                Malam Ibrahim Zakiyu al-Kalbi dan Muhammadu    (d. 1814)
                             Lawan
1814 - 1816                Sulaymanu dan Muhammadu Lawan "Liman Adandaya"
1816 - 1846                Muhammadu Dan Kauwa dan Muhammadu Bunni        (d. 1846)
1846 - 1851                `Abd ar-Rahman dan Ibrahim Zakiyu al-Kalbi     (d. 1851)
1851 - 1868                `Abd al-Qadiri I dan Muhammadu Dan Kauwa       (d. 1868)
1868 - 1896                Muhamman Hajji dan Muhammadu Dan Kauwa         (d. 1896)
1896 - May 1905            `Abd al-Qadiri II dan Muhamman Hajji           (b. 18.. - d. 1905)
1905 - 1909                Muhammadu dan `Abd al-Qadiri                   (d. 1909)
1909 - 1947                `Abd al-Qadiri III dan Muhammadu               (d. 1947)
1947 - ....                `Umaru Faruqu dan `Abd al-Qadiri
2001? -                     Muhammadu Kabir `Umar

bf.1400                    Katsina state founded.
1805                       Katsina as a Fulbe jihad state replaces the old 
                             (Hausa) Katsina state.
Apr 1903                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Katsina)
1684 - 1701                Muhammad Toya Rero II
1701 - 1704                Muhammad Wari II Yanka Dari
1704 - 1706                Uban Yari Muhammad dan Wari
1706 - 1715                Karya Giwa II
1715 - 1728                Jan Hazo III Bakki dan Muhammad Wari
1728 - 1740                Tsagarana Hasana dan Muhammad Toya Rero
1740 - 1750                Muhammad Kabiya Wari Mai Kere dan `Uthman
1750 - 1751                Tsagarana Yahaya
1751 - 1758                Karya Giwa III Dubane dan Jan Hazo
1758 - 1767                Muhammad Wari III
1767 - 1784                Karya Giwa IV
1784 - 1801                Gida Agwaragi Mai Kere dan Tsagarana
1801                       Gwozo dan Tsagarana
1801 - 1804                Bawa dan Gima
1804 - 1805                Mare Mawa Mahmud dan Tsagarana
1805                       Magajin Halidu                     (d. 1807)
Rulers (title Sarkin Katsina, also styled Emir)
1805 - 1835                Malam `Umaru Dallaji               (d. 1835)
1835 - 1844                Sidiqu dan `Umaru
1844 - 1869                Muhamman Bello dan `Umaru          (d. 1869)
1869 - 1870                Ahmadu Rafaye dan `Umaru           (d. 1869)
1870 - 1882                Ibrahim dan Muhamman Bello         (d. 1882)
1882 - 1887                Musa dan `Umaru                    (d. 1887)
1887 - 1905                Abu Bakr dan Ibrahim
 2 Jan 1905 - 1906         Yero dan Musa
Nov 1906 - 29 Jan 1944     Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado          (b. 1865 - d. 1944)
 8 Aug 1944 - 19 Mar 1981  `Uthman Nagogo dan Muhammad Dikko  (b. 1905 - d. 1981)
1981 -  8 Mar 2008         Kabir dan `Uthman Nagogo           (b. 1928 - d. 2008)
13 Mar 2008 -              Alhaji Abdulmumini Kabir Usman     (b. 1951) 

1818                       Kazaure, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
1906                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs (also styled Sarkin Arewa)
1818 - 1824                Ibrahim Dan Tunku                   (d. 1824)
1824 - 1857                Dambo dan Dan Tunku                 (d. 1857)
1857 - 1886                Muhamman Zangi dan Dambo            (d. 1886)
1886 - 1914                Muhamman Mayaki dan Dambo           (b. 18.. - d. 1914)
1914 - 1922                Muhammadu Tura dan Muhamman Mayaki  (d. 1922)
1922 - 1941                `Umaru Na'uka dan Muhammadu Tura    (d. 1941)
1941 - 1969                Adamu dan `Abd al-Mu'mini
19 Dec 1969 - 1974         Ibrahim dan Adamu
1974 - ....                Muhammadu dan Adamu
.... -                     Najib Husaini Adamu

1515                       Kebbi, or Kabi, state founded.
1831                       Conquered by, and incorporated into, Gwandu.
1849                       Independence.
1902                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
1906                       Western parts ceded to French West Africa.

Rulers (title Sarkin Kebbi, also styled Kanta)
1696 - 1700                Tomo dan Muhammadu (or dan Ibrahim?)
1700 - 1717                Muhammadu dan Giwa
1717 - 1750                Muhammadu Isma`ila Ta-Gandu
                             dan Muhammadu Na Sifawa
1750 - 1754                Muhammadu dan Ta-Gandu
1754 - 1775                `Abd Allahi Toga dan Ta-Gandu
1775 - 1803                Sulemana dan `Abd Allahi Toga
1803                       Abu Bakar Ukar dan Sulemana
1803 - 1826                Muhammadu Hodi dan Sulemana               (d. 1826)
1826 - 1831                Karari Isma`ila dan Sulemana              (d. 1831)
1831 - 1849                Incorporated into Gwandu
Rulers (title Amir Argungu, also styled Sarkin Kebbi or Kanta)
1849 - 1854                Ya`qubu Nabame dan Isma`ila               (d. 1854)
1854 - 1859                Yusufu Maynassara dan Isma`ila            (d. 1859)
1859 - 1860                Muhammadu Ba'are dan Ya`qubu Nabame       (d. 1860)
1860 - 1883                `Abd Allahi Toga dan Isma`ila             (d. 1883)
1883 - Sep 1915            Muhammadu Isma`ila dan Ya`qubu Nabame     (b. 1839 - d. 1915)
1915 - 1920                Sulemana dan Ya`qubu Nabame               (b. 18.. - d. 1920)
1920 - 1934                Muhammadu Sama dan Isma`ila               (b. 18.. - d. 1934)
1934 - 1942                Muhammadu Sani Muza dan Muhammadu Sama    (d. 1942)
1942 - 1953                Muhammadu Isma`ila dan Mudi               (d. 1953)
1953 - Oct 1959            Muhammadu Shefe dan Muhammadu Sama
Jan 1960 -                 Muhammadu Mera Muza dan Muhammadu Sani    (b. 1931)

1802                       Keffi, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
1902                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1802 - 1820                `Abd Allahi `Abdu Zanga dan Muhammadu Gani     (d. 1820)
1820 - 1835                Maizabo dan Muhammadu Gani                     (d. 1835)
1835 - 1859                Jibrilu dan `Abd Allahi                        (d. 1859)
1859 - 1862                Muhamman dan `Abd Allahi
1862 - 1877                Ahmadu dan `Abd Allahi                         (d. 1877)
1877 - 1894                Sidi `Umaru dan `Abd Allahi
1894 - 1902                Ibrahim dan `Abd Allahi
1902 - 1921                `Abd Allahi dan Jibrilu                        (d. 1921)
1921 - 1923                Abu Bakar dan Yamusa
1923 - 1928                `Abd Allahi dan Ishaqu                         (d. 1929)
1928 - 1933                Muhammadu Mayaki `Isa dan Ibrahim
1933 - 1948                Abu Bakar dan Muhammadu                        (d. 1949)
 7 Mar 1948 - 19..         Ahmadu Maikwato dan `Abd Allahi
1980? -                    Muhammadu Cindo Yamusa II

1864                       Kontagora, a new Fulbe state, founded.
31 Jan 1901                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs (also styled Sarkin Sudan)
1864 - 1876                `Umaru Nagwamatse dan Abi Bakar         (b. 1806 - d. 1876)
1876 - 1880                Abu Bakar Modibo dan `Umaru             (b. 18.. - d. 1880)
1880 - 1901                Ibrahim Nagwamatse dan `Umaru (1st time)(b. 1857 - d. 1929)
1901                       `Abd Allahi Abarshi dan `Ali dan        (d. 1904)
                             Yerima Jatau 
1901                       Muhammadu Gani dan `Abd Allahi Abarshi
1901 - 1903                Mayaki Ibrahim (usurper)
Apr 1903 - 26 Oct 1929     Ibrahim Nagwamatse dan `Umaru (2nd time)(s.a.)
1929 - Jan/Feb 1961        `Umaru Maidubu dan Ibrahim              (d. 1961)
Feb 1961 - Jan 1974        Mu'azu dan Ibrahim                      (b. 1900)
21 Jan 1974 -              Sa`idu Namaska dan Malam `Umaru
                             "Sarkin Kudu"

....                       Bwaka state founded, later renamed Gerinya, 
                             later renamed Koton Karifi.

Rulers (title Ohimege)
.... - ....                Ohimi Ozage
.... - ....                Adarico
.... - ....                Hetenye
.... - ....                Ohutu
.... - ....                Gaku
.... - ....                `Usuman
.... - ....                Abutu
.... - ....                Agumaji
.... - ....                Ahimulu
.... - ....                Nyaku
.... - ....                Azotu
.... - ....                Odaho
.... - ....                Kushimshe
.... - ....                Akaza
.... - ....                Ankyaku
.... - ....                `Umaru
.... - ....                Gudaba
.... - ....                Usumangwe
.... - ....                Adegbe
.... - ....                Sumoji (1st time)
.... - ....                Anjiafu
.... - ....                Sumoji (2nd time)
.... - ....                `Ali
1920?                      Moma Cekpa

1804                       Lafia Beri-Beri state founded.
1900                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
1903                       State renamed Lafia.

Rulers (title Sarkin Lafia)
1804 - 1809                Dunama                              (b. 17.. - d. 1809)
1809 - 1814                Musa dan Jaji
1814 - 1819                `Umar I
1819 - 1844                Laminu
1844 - 1849                Musa Gana
1849 - 1866                `Abd Allahi Dalla dan Dunama        (d. 1866)
1866 - 1868                Ari dan Laminu
1868 - 1873                `Umar II dan `Abd Allahi Dalla
1873 - 1881                `Abd Allahi Dalla Bahagu dan Ari    (d. 1881)
1881 - 1903                Muhamman Agwe I dan Ari
Emirs
1903 - May 1918            Musa dan `Abd Allahi Dalla          (d. 1918)
Aug 1918 - 1926            `Abd Allahi dan Muhamman Agwe
1926 - 1933                Muhammadu Angulu dan `Abd Allahi 
                             Dalla                             (d. 1933)
1933 - 1949                Muhamman Agwe II dan `Abd Allahi 
                             Dalla Bahagu                      (d. 1949)
1949 - Dec 1952            Makwangiji Na'ali -Regent
Dec 1952 - 1978            Yusufu dan Musa
1978 -                     `Isa Mustafa Agwa

1824                       Lafiagi, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
1900                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Chief
1810 - 1824                Mallam Maliki
Emirs
1824 - 1833                Muhamman Zuma dan Ahmadu
1833 - 1834                `Aliyu dan Maliki (1st time)
1834 - 1845                `Abd al-Qadiri dan Muhamman Zuma (1st time)
1845 - 1853                `Aliyu dan Maliki (2nd time)
1853 - 1868                `Abd al-Qadiri dan Muhamman Zuma (2nd time)
1868 - 1882                Ibrahim Khalilu dan Muhamman Zuma
1882 - 1891                `Aliyu dan Muhamman Zuma
1891 - 1892                `Abd ar-Rahim dan Muhamman Zuma
1892 -  2 Mar 1915         Ahmadu dan `Abd al-Qadiri
Apr 1915 - 1945            Muhamman Bello dan Ahmadu
1945 - 1949                Abu Bakar Kawu dan Muhammadu Sha`ba
1949 - 1951                Sha`ba Maliki dan `Aliyu -Regent
1951 - 1961                Abu Bakar Ceceko dan Hasan -Regent
11 Oct 1961 - 19..         `Umaru Oke Ode dan Muhammadu
                             Sha`ba -Regent
19.. -                     Sa`du Kawu Khaliru

bf.1630                    Eko state founded
 6 Aug 1861                Becomes British colony as Lagos, but dynasty continues.
18 Oct 1887                Lagos protectorate on hinterland.
16 Feb 1906                Lagos colony united with Southern Nigeria Protectorate.
 8 Dec 1920 -  9 Aug 1925  Recognition withdrawn by colonial government.

Rulers (title Oba, also styled Eleeko)
.... - 1630                Ashipa (Eshikpa)
1630 - 1669                Ado (Edo)
1669 - 1704                Gabaro (Guobaro)
1704 - 1749                Akinsemoyin
1749 - 1750                Eletu Kekere
1750 - 1775                Ologun Kutere
1775 - 1780                Adele I Ajosun (1st time)
1780 - 1819                Osinlokun
1819 - 1832                Idewu Ojulari
1832 - 1834                Adele I Ajosun (2nd time)
1834 - 1841                Oluwole                            (d. 1841)
1841 -  Jun 1845           Akintoye (1st time)                (d. 1853)
Jun 1845 - 29 Dec 1851     Kosoko                             (d. af.1863)
Feb 1852 -  3 Sep 1853     Akintoye (2nd time)                (s.a.)
 4 Sep 1853 - 26 Feb 1885  Dosunmun                           (d. 1885)
Mar 1885 - 30 Sep 1900     Adeyinka Oyekan I                  (b. 18.. - d. 1900)
1900 -  8 Dec 1920         Esuugbayii Eleeko (1st time)       (d. 1932)
                             (abdicated 6 Aug 1925)
 9 Aug 1925 - 1928         Ibikunle Akintoye
1928 -  4 Jul 1931         Sanunsi Olusi
 4 Jul 1931 - 24 Oct 1932  Esuugbayii Eleeko (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 3 Nov 1932 -  3 Sep 1949  Falolu Dosunmun                    (d. 1949)
 1 Oct 1949 - 12 Jul 1964  Musendiku Buraimoh Adeniji Adele II(b. 1893 - d. 1964)
12 Jul 1964 - 11 Mar 1965  S.A. Agoro -Regent
11 Mar 1965 -  7 Mar 2003  Adeyinka Akinola Oyekan II         (b. 1911 - d. 2003)
 7 Mar 2003 - 22 May 2003  Teslim Jinadu-Eko (acting)
22 May 2003 -              Rilwan Babatunde Osuolale Aremu    (b. 1943) 
                             Akiolu I

1825                       Lapai, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
24 Jun 1898                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1825 - 1832                Da'udu Maza dan Jaura              (d. 1832)
1832 - 1835                Yamuza dan Jaura                   (d. 1835)
1835 - 1838                Baji dan Jaura                     (d. 1839)
1838 - 1874                Jantabu dan Jaura                  (d. 1874)
1874 - 1875                `Atiqu dan Jantabu                 (d. 1875)
1875 - 1893                Bawa dan Jantabu                   (d. 1893)
1893 - 1907                `Abd al-Qadiri dan Jantabu         (d. 1910)
1907 - 1923                Ibrahim dan Jantabu                (d. 1923)
1923 - Apr 1937            `Aliyu Gana dan `Abd al-Qadiri     (d. 1937)
1937 - Nov 1954            `Umaru dan Ibrahim                 (b. 1882 - d. 1954)
1954 - 13 Jun 2002         Muhammadu Kobo dan `Aliyu Gana     (b. 1909? - d. 2002)
10 Aug 2002 -              `Umaru Bago

1808                       Misau state founded.
1903                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs (also styled Sarkin Bornu ta Gabas)
1808 - 1833                Muhamman Manga dan Gwami Mukhtar   (d. 1833)
1833 - 1850                Ahmadu dan Gwami Mukhtar           (d. 1850)
1850 - 1861                `Usman dan Muhamman Manga
1861 - 1886                Yarima Sale dan Muhamman Manga     (b. 1814 - d. 1886)
1886 - 1900                Muhamman Manga dan Yarima Sale     (b. 18.. - d. 1900)
1900 - 1903                Ahmadu dan Yarima Sale
1903 - 1926                Tafida dan Yarima Sale             (d. 1926)
Oct 1926 - 19..            Ahmadu dan Tafida                  (b. 1900)
.... -                     Muhammadu Manga III

18..                       Mubi, a Fulbe jihad state, founded

Emir
1975?                      Abu Bakar `Isa Ahmadu

1817                       Muri, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
1892 - 1893                De facto French protectorate.
Sep 1901                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1817 - 1833                Hamman Ruwa dan `Usman              (d. 1833)
1833 - 1836                Ibrahim dan Hamman Ruwa (1st time)
1836                       Hamman dan Hamman Ruwa (1st time)
1836 - 1848                Ibrahim dan Hamman Ruwa (2nd time)
1848 - 1861                Hamman dan Hamman Ruwa (2nd time)
1861 - 1869                Hamadu dan Bose                      (d. 1869)
1869 - 1873                Burba dan Hamman                     (d. 1892)
1873 - 1874                Abu Bakar dan Hamman Ruwa            (d. 1874)
1874 - 1897                Muhammadu Nya dan Abi Bakar          (d. 1897)
1897 - 1903                Hasan dan Muhammadu Nya              (b. 18.. - d. 1903)
1903 - 1953                Muhammadu Mafindi dan Muhammadu Nya  (b. 1868 - d. 1953)
1953 - 1966                Muhamman Tukur dan Muhammadu Nya     (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
1966 - 12 Aug 1986         `Umaru Abba Tukur
1986 -                     Tafida

French Governor
1892 - 1893                Louis Alexandre Mizon                (b. 1853 - d. 1899)

1838                       Nasarawa state founded.

Emirs (also styled Sarkin Kwotto)
1838 - 1858                `Umaru Makama Dogo dan `Usman         (d. 1858)
                             Rababawa
1858 - 1878                Ahmadu dan `Umaru                     (d. 1878)
1878                       Muhamman Sani dan `Umaru              (d. 1878) 
1878 - 1922                Muhammadu dan `Umaru                  (d. 1922)
1922                       Ahmadu dan Ahmadu
1922 - 1926                Muhammadu dan Ahmadu
1926 - 1941                `Usman dan Ahmadu
1942 - 1960                `Umaru dan Muhammadu                  (d. 1960)
1960 - 19..                Jibrin dan Muhammadu
28 Nov 1992 -              Ibrahim Ramalan Abubakar

....                       Nembe city-state founded, known as Brass in protectorate
                             terminology.
bf.1800                    Split into Ogbolomab'iri and Bassamb'iri.
1884                       Nembe (Brass) a British protectorate.
 5 Jun 1885                Part of Oil Rivers British protectorate.
                             (later Southern Nigeria).

Rulers (title Amanyanabo)
.... - ....                Ogbo
.... - ....                Kala Ekule
.... - ....                Nembe
.... - ....                Opu Igula
.... - ....                Amain
.... - ....                Owagi
.... - ....                Kala Igula
.... - ....                Ogbolo
.... - ....                Opu Basuo
.... - ....                Ogio
.... - ....                Peresuo
.... - ....                Obia + Ekutia -Regents
.... - ....                Kala Basuo
.... - ....                Ogbodo

Rulers (title Amanyanabo)
.... - ....                Mingi I
.... - ....                Ikata Mingi II
.... - ....                Gboro Mingi III
1800 - 1832                Kulo Mingi IV "King Forday"
1832 - 1846                Amain Mingi V "King Boy"
1846                       Kuki
1846 - 1863                Kien Mingi VI
1863 - 1879                Ockiya Mingi VII
1879 - 1889                Vacant
1889 - 1896                Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII
1896 - 1926                Vacant
1926 - 1936                Anthony O. Ockiya Mingi IX
1936 - 1954                Vacant
1954 - 19..                Francis O. Joseph Alagoa Mingi X
19.. - 1979                Vacant
1979 -                     Ambrose Ezeolisa Alagoa Mingi XI

Rulers (title Amanyanabo)
.... - ....                Ogbodo
.... - ....                Gbolowei
.... - ....                Okiriyai
.... - ....                Dede
.... - ....                Tamuno
.... - ....                Aladede
.... - ....                Mein "King Jacket"
.... - ....                Duguruyai
.... - 1870                Arisimo "King Peter"
1870 - 1894                Ebifa
1894 - 1924                Vacant
1924 - 1927                Albert Oguara
1928 - ....                Ben I. Warri

1838                       Ningi state founded.

Chiefs
1838 - ....                Hamza
.... - ....                Dan Maji dan Hamza
.... - ....                Gasigi dan Hamza
.... - 1902                Dan Yaya                           (b. 18.. - d. 1902)
1902 - 1905                Mamuda (1st time)
1905 - 1908                Vacant
1908 - 1914                Mamuda (2nd time)
1914 - 19..                Awudu
1995? -                    Yunusa Muhammad Danyaya

1531                       Nupe state re-founded by Edegi.
1901                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Etsu Nupe)
1679 - 1700                Abdu Waliyi
1700 - 1709                Alyu
1710 - 1713                Ganamace (Saci)
1713 - 1717                Ibrahima
1717 - 1721                Idirisu I (`Isa)
1721 - 1742                `Abd Allahi 'Tsado I (Audu)
1742 - 1746                Abu Bakr Kolo dan `Abd Allahi 'Tsado
1746 - 1759                Jibirin dan Abu Bakr Kolo
1759 - 1767                Ma'azu dan `Abd Allahi 'Tsado
                             (1st time)
1767 - 1777                Majiya I (Zubayru dan Abu Bakr Kolo)
1777 - 1778                Ilyasu (Muhammad Lafia)
1778 - 1795                Ma'azu dan `Abd Allahi 'Tsado
                             (2nd time)
1795                       `Ali Kolo Tankari
1795 - 1796                Mamma
1796 - ....                Jimada dan Ma'azu (1st time)                (d. 1805)
.... - ....                Mamma (2nd time)
.... - 1805                Jimada dan Ma'azu (2nd time)                (s.a.)
18.. - 1810                Majiya II (1st time)                        (d. 1835)
                            (in rebellion from 1796)
18.. - 1830                Idirisu II dan Jimada 
                            (continues in rebellion to 1849)
1830 - 1834                Majiya II (2nd time)                        (s.a.)
1834 - 1836                'Tsado II dan Majiya                        (d. 1836)
1836 - 1846                Jia                                         (d. 1846)
1836 - 1841                `Usuman Zaki dan Malam Dendo (in rebellion) (b. c.1790 - d. 1859)
1841 - 1847                Masaba dan Malam Dendo (1st time)           (d. 1873)
                            (in rebellion)
1846 - 1848                Maza
1848 - 1856                `Umar Bahaushi (usurper)
1849 - 1872                Ma'azu `Isa                                 (d. 1872)
                            (in rebellion, following Idirisu II)
Rulers (title Etsu Nupe, also styled Amirin Bida)
1856 - 1859                `Usuman Zaki dan Malam Dendo                (s.a.)
1859 - 1873                Masaba dan Malam Dendo (2nd time)           (d. 1873)
1873 - 1884                `Umaru Majigi dan Muhamman Majigi           (d. 1884)
1884 - 1895                Maliki dan `Usuman Zaki                     (d. 1895)
1895 - 1897                Abu Bakr dan Masaba (1st time)              (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1897 - 1899                Muhammadu dan `Umaru Majigi (1st time)      (b. 18.. - d. 1916)
1899 - 17 Feb 1901         Abu Bakr dan Masaba (2nd time)              (s.a.) 
Feb 1901 - 26 Feb 1916     Muhammadu dan `Umaru Majigi (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 6 Mar 1916 - 1926         Bello dan Maliki                            (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
1926 - Feb 1935            Malam Sa`idu dan Mamudu                     (d. 1935)
28 Feb 1935 - 29 Oct 1962  Malam Muhammadu Ndayako dan Muhammadu       (b. 1884 - d. 1962)
29 Oct 1962 - 19..         `Usman Sarki dan Malam Sa`idu
19.. - 10 Jan 1975         Malam Musa Bello
Jan 1975 -                 `Umaru Sanda Ndayako

....                       Obioko, also called Ikotitungko, founded; known to Europeans
                             as Creek Town (in "Old Calabar").
1790                       Independence

Rulers (title Edidem)
1790 - 1820                Eyo Honesty I
1820 - 1825                Vacant
1825 - 1858                Eyo Honesty II
1858 - May 1861            Eyo Honesty III
1861 - 1865                Eyo Honesty IV
1865 - 1867                Eyo Honesty V
1867 -  Jun 1871           Eyo Honesty VI
1871 - 1873                Vacant
1873 - 1891                Eyo Honesty VII
1891 - 1902                Eyo Honesty VIII
Rulers (title Obong)
1902 - 1903                Eyo Honesty VIII
1903 - 19..                Eyo Honesty IX

Chiefs (title Oshile)
1897 - 1899                Karunwi I                          (d. 1899)
1900 - 1902                Sanyaolu
1904 - 19..                Sokunbi
.... - 1951                Subero Olatunbosun Adelamola I
1951 - 19..                Adeniran Adelamola II
19.. -                     Adedapo Adewale Tejuoso Karunwi III

c.1310                     Okolo-Ama city-state founded; known to Europeans as Bonny
                             or Ubani.
1884                       Okolo-Ama (Bonny) a British protectorate.

Rulers (title Amanyanabo)
.... - ....                Asimini
.... - ....                Edimini
.... - ....                Kambasa (f)
.... - ....                Kamalu
.... - ....                Opu Dappa
.... - ....                Amakiri
.... - ....                Apia
.... - ....                Warri
1759 - 1760                Awusa "King Halliday"
                           + Igbani
                           + Bupuor
                           + Ipuor
1760 - 17..                Perekule I "Captain Pepple"
17.. - 1792                Fubara I Agbaa Pepple
1792 - 1828                Opubo Fubara Pepple
1828 - 1830                Bere-ibibo Pepple
1830                       Regency
                           - Ibaniburufigha
                           - Maduka
1830 - 23 Jan 1854         Dappa Perekule (1st time)
                             (installed Jan 1837)
1830 - 1836                Alali -Regent
23 Jan 1854 - 13 Aug 1855  Dapu Fubara II Pepple "King Dappo" (d. 1855)
11 Sep 1855 - 18 Aug 1861  Regency
                           - Iloli                            (d. 1862)
                           - Dapu "Adda Allison"
                           - Oju Adango Hart (Akunnayi)
                             (to 18..)
                           - Wogu Dappa  (from 18..)
                           - Jack Gboboitemegha (Jack Ntsheke or
                               Erina Shabu)
18 Aug 1861 - 30 Sep 1866  William Dappa Pepple I
                            (Dappa Perekule) (2nd time)
30 Sep 1866 - 14 Dec 1883  George Oruigbiji Pepple I (1st time)
14 Dec 1883 - 22 Jan 1887  Vacant?
22 Jan 1887 - 31 Oct 1888  George Oruigbiji Pepple I (2nd time)
31 Oct 1888 - 28 Feb 1892  Waribo -Regent
1892 - 1923                Ate -Regent
1932 - 14 Feb 1932         Claude Sodienye -Regent            (d. 1952)
                            (1st time) 
14 Feb 1932 - 1937         Secondus George Pepple II          (d. 1939)
1937 - 1952                Claude Sodienye -Regent            (s.a.)
                            (2nd time) 
1952 - 27 Dec 1957         Francis D. Banigo -Regent
27 Dec 1957 - 1970         Eugene William Dappa Pepple II
1970 - 1978                Regency
                           - Abesa T. Allison                 (d. 1978)
                           - Mathew Ate Pepple (to 1975)      (d. 1975)
                           - Benonai Ezekiel Hart (to 1973)   (d. 1973)
1978 - 1993                Opuada Pepple
1993 - 1996                Chiefs Council
1996 -                     Edward Asimini William Dappa
                             Pepple III (Perekule XI)

Chiefs (title Orodje)
1770 - 1779                Esezi I                             (d. 1779)
1780 - Jan 1945            Vacant
Jan 1945 - 1966            Esezi II                            (b. 1902 - d. 1966)  
                             (recognized by colonial authorities Jun 1948)
1972 - Feb 2004            Orhoro I                            (b. 1921 - d. 2004)
Feb 2004 - 29 Jul 2006     Vacant
29 Jul 2006 -              Orhue I                             (b. 1946)

Chiefs (title Amanyanabo)
c.1690 - c.1750            Boka Ado III
c.1760 - c.1815            Nemiduko Ado IV
c.1815 - c.1830            Mianene -Regent
1832 - 1874                Fibika Ado V
1876 - 1896                Ibanichuka Ado VI
1896 - 1928                Daniel Oju Kalio -Regent           (d. 1928)
1928 - 1958                Sampson Igobo Adoki -Regent
1959                       Zedekiah Fibika Ado VII
1964 - 1997                S.P.U. Ogan Ado VIII               (d. 1997)
17 May 2001 -              Charles Adokiye Dagogo Ibulubo
                           Ado IX
                           (chieftaincy disputed with following)
Feb 2002 -                 Alfred Semenitari Abam Ado IX

c.1550                     Onitsha state founded.

Rulers (title Obi)
c.1550                     Eze Chima
c.1600                     Oreze
.... - ....                Chimaevi
.... - ....                Chimukwu
.... - ....                Chimaezi
.... - ....                Nafia
.... - ....                Tasia
.... - ....                Tsimezei
.... - ....                Tsimefi
c.1700                     Eze Aroli
.... - ....                Chimaedia
.... - ....                Omozele
.... - ....                Ezeolisa
c.1800                     Ijelakpe
c.1820                     Udogwu
1840 - 1873                Akazue
1873 - 1874                Diali
1874 - 1899                Amazonwu
1901 - 1931                Samuel Okolo Okosi I
1935 - 1961                James Okosi II
1935 - 1961                Okosi II
1962 - 1970                Joseph Okwudili Onyejekwe
1970 - 17 Oct 2001         Ofala Akulalia Alphonsus Ogugua
                             Ofala Okechukwu Okagbue II       (d. 2001)
                             (installed 25 Nov 1974)
 3 Jun 2002 -              Nnayelugo Alfred Nnaemeka Achebe

1869                       Opobo state founded by members of the Opubo Anna 
                             Pepple wari ("house") from Okolo-Ama.
19 Dec 1884                Part of British Bights of Biafa and Benin Protectorate.
                             (later Southern Nigeria).

Rulers (title Amanyanabo)
25 Dec 1870 - Sep 1887     Jubo Jubogha "Jaja"                (b. 1821 - d. 1891)
Sep 1887 - 1891            Perekule 
                            (chairman Council of Chiefs)
1891 - 1893                "Cookey Gam" (political agent)
1893 - 1915                Obiesigha Jaja (Frederick Sunday)
                            (Amadabo [caretaker])
1916 - 1936                Dipiri (Arthur Mac Pepple)
1936 - 1942                Sodienye Jaja (Douglas Mac Pepple)
                             (1st time)                       (d. 1980)
1942 - 1946                Stephen Ubogu Jaja (acting)
1952 - 31 Jul 1980         Sodienye Jaja (Douglas Mac Pepple)
                             (2nd time)                       (s.a.)
1980 - 2003                Vacant
2003 -                     Dandeson Jaja

Ruler (title Ataoja)
.... - ....                Okuntofo
.... - ....                Lajomo
.... - ....                Lara
1825 - 1832                Beijisku
1832 - 1840                Modol
1840 - 1854                Odedare Lanhamo
1854 - 1864                Ojo Okeye
1864 - 1870                Matanmi
1870 - 1891                Faleode
1891 - 1893                Bangbola
1893 - 1903                Oyekona
1903 - 1918                Gbeja
1918 - 1920                Latona
1920 - 1935                Lawole
1935 - 19..                Oyedokin Adente
1976 -                     Iyiola Oyewale Matanmi III

1019?                      Owo, an important Yoruba state, founded.

Rulers (title Oba, also styled Olowo)
1719 - ....                Ajagbusi Ekun
17..                       Elewuokun
.... - 1941                Olagbegi I
Mar 1941 - 15 Feb 1968     Olateru Olagbegi II (1st time)     (d. 1998)
1968 - 1993                Joseph Adekola Ogunoye II          (d. 1993)
1993 - 1998                Olateru Olagbegi II (2nd time)     (s.a.)
Feb 1999 -                 Folagbade Olateru Olagbegi III

bf.1300                    Oyo, the premier Yoruba state, founded.
1900                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Alaafin-onon-ola, also styled Onile)
1728?                      Ojigi                             (d. 1736)
17.. - 17..                Yau Yamba -Regent
17.. - 17..                Gberu
17.. - 17..                Jambu -Regent
17.. - 1746                Amunniwaye
1746                       Kokiki or Kogbon -Regent
                             [Kogbon succeeded Kokiki in 1746 as basorun, the officer
                             functioning as regent during a vacancy]
1746 - 1754                Onisile
1754                       Soyiki (Esuuogbo) -Regent
1754                       Gaha (1st time) -Regent           (d. 1774)
1754                       Labisi
1754                       Gaha (2nd time) -Regent           (s.a.)
1754                       Awonbiioju
1754                       Gaha (3rd time) -Regent           (s.a.)
1754 - 17..                Agboluaje
17.. - 17..                Gaha (4th time) -Regent           (s.a.)
17.. - 17..                Maajeogbe (Ojo Areserena)
17.. - 17..                Gaha (5th time) -Regent           (s.a.)
17.. - 1789                Abiodun
1789                       Kangidi -Regent
1789 - 1796                Awole Arogangan (Asamu)           (d. 1796)
1796                       Asamu Agba-olekan -Regent
1796 - 1797                Adebo
1797                       Ojo Aburumaku (1st time) -Regent
1797                       Maaku                             (d. 1797)
1797 - 1802                Ojo Aburumaku (2nd time) -Regent
1802 - 1830                Majotu
1830                       Akinoso (1st time) -Regent
1830 - 1833                Amodo
1833                       Akinoso (2nd time) -Regent
1833 - 1835                Oluewu                            (d. 1835)
1835 - 1837                Vacant due to relocation
1837 - Mar 1859            Atiba Atobatele
Mar 1859 - 1859            Gbenla -Regent
1859 - 1875                Adelu "Agunloye bii Oyibo"
1875 - 1876                Ogunsoro -Regent
1876 - 1905                Adeyemi I Alowolodu
1905                       Layode -Regent
1905 - 1911                Lawani Agogoja
1911                       Dairo -Regent
1911 - Dec 1944            Siyanbola Onikepe Oladigbolu I
Dec 1944 - 1945            .... -Regent
1945 - 1956                Adeyemi II Adeniran                (b. 1871 - d. 1955)
1956                       .... -Regent
1956 - 1970                Bello Gbadegesin Oladigbolu II
1970 - 19 Nov 1970         .... -Regent
19 Nov 1970 -              Lamidi Olayiwola Adeyemi III       (b. 1939)

1898                       Pategi state, an offshoot of Nupe, founded.

Rulers (title Etsu Pategi)
1898 - 1900                Idirisu Gana dan Ma'azu `Isa       (d. 1900)
Nov 1900 - 1923            Ma'azu `Isa dan Idirisu Gana       (d. 1923)
1923 - Jan 1931            `Usuman 'Tsado dan Ma'azu `Isa     (d. 1931)
Jan 1931 - ....            `Umaru dan Ma'azu `Isa             (b. 1898)
.... -                     Haliru Ibrahim Chatta

1809                       Potiskum state founded.
1901                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Moi)
1809 - ....                Bauya
.... - ....                Awani
.... - ....                Dungari
.... - ....                Dowi
.... - 1836                Muzgai
1836 - 1839                Jaji
1839 - 1859                Nego
1859 - 1886                Numainda
1886 - 1895                Gubbo
1895 - 1901                Bundi
1901 - 1915                Agudum

21 Feb 1804                Sokoto, the center of the Fulbe jihad, established.
20 Apr 1817                Sokoto styled sultanate, the suzerain of all Fulbe jihad states.
15 Mar 1903                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Ruler (title Amir al-Mu´minin, also styled Lamido Julbe)
21 Feb 1804 - 20 Apr 1817  Imam `Usuman dan Muhammad Fodio    (b. 1754 - d. 1817)
Sultans (also styled Amir al-Mu´minin and Sarkin Musulmi)
20 Apr 1817 - 26 Oct 1837  Muhammadu Bello dan `Usuman
                             "Mai Wurno"                      (b. 1781 - d. 1837)
26 Oct 1837 - Nov 1842     Abu Bakar `Atiqu I dan `Usuman
                             "Mai Katuru"                     (b. 1782 - d. 1842)
Nov 1842 - 21 Oct 1859     `Aliyu Baba dan Bello "Mai Cinaka" (b. 1808 - d. 1859)
21 Oct 1859 -  2 Nov 1866  Ahmadu `Atiqu dan Abi Bakar
                             "Mai Cimola"                     (b. c.1807 - d. 1866)
 2 Nov 1866 - 20 Oct 1867  `Aliyu Karami dan Bello            (b. 1809 - d. 1867)
Oct 1867 - Mar 1873        Ahmadu Rafaye dan `Usuman          (b. c.1814 - d. 1873)
Mar 1873 - Mar 1877        Abu Bakar `Atiqu II dan Bello
                             "na Rabih"                       (b. 1812 - d. 1877)
Mar 1877 - Sep 1881        Mu'azu Ahmadu dan Bello            (b. 1816 - d. 1881)
Sep 1881 - 25 Mar 1891     `Umaru dan `Aliyu Baba             (b. 1824 - d. 1891)
25 Mar 1891 - 10 Oct 1902  `Abd ar-Rahman dan Abi Bakar
                             "Mai Kano," "Danyen Kasko"       (b. 1828 - d. 1902)
13 Oct 1902 - 15 Mar 1903  Muhammadu Attahiru I dan Ahmadu    (b. 18.. - d. 1903)
Mar 1903 - Jun 1915        Muhammadu Attahiru II dan `Aliyu
                             Baba                             (b. 18.. - d. 1915)
1915 - 1924                Muhammadu dan Ahmadu "Mai Turare"  (d. 1924)
1924 - Jan 1931            Muhammadu dan Muhammadu "Tambari"  (d. 1935)
1931 - 1938                Hasan dan Mu'azu Ahmadu            (d. 1938)
17 Jun 1938 -  1 Nov 1988  Abu Bakar dan `Usuman as-Siddiq    (b. 1903 - d. 1988)
 6 Nov 1988 - 20 Apr 1996  Ibrahim Dasuki dan Khaliru         (b. 1923)
21 Apr 1996 - 29 Oct 2006  Ibrahim Muhammadu Maccido dan      (b. 1926 - d. 2006)
                             Abu Bakar 
 2 Nov 2006 -              Muhammadu Sada dan Abu Bakar       (b. 1956)

1946                       The protectorate regime creates the institution of 
                             the Tor Tiv, the first incumbent being elected 1947.

Rulers (title Tor Tiv)
1947 - 11 Oct 1956         Makare Dzakpe
1956 - 1979                Malam Gondo Aluor
1979 - 19..                Orchivirigh James Akperan Orshi
19.. -                     Alfred Akawe Torkula

bf.1500                    Itsekiri state founded.
 4 Apr 1851 - 1894         A region is separated, ruled by a "Governor of the River."
1884                       Part of British Bights of Biafra and Benin Protectorate
                             (later Southern Nigeria).
May 1952                   Itsekiri state expanded and renamed Warri.

Rulers (title Olu)
.... - ....                Abejioye
.... - ....                Akenjioye
.... - c.1710              Omagboye
c.1710 - c.1735            Akengboye
c.1735 - ....              Atogbuwa (Manuel Otobia)
.... - c.1807              Erejuwa (Sebastião Otobia)
c. 1807 - 14 Jun 1848      Akengbuwa (João)           (d. 1848)
1848                       Ejo
1848 - 1851                Iye Idolorusan (f) -Regent
1851 - ....                Eri -Regent
.... - ....                Vacant
.... - ....                Atsego -Regent
.... - 16 Jan 1921         Okorofianyegbe -Regent
13 Sep 1917 - 24 Sep 1932  Dogho Numa                 (b. 18.. - d. 1932)
                             ("Recognized Paramount Chief of Warri")
16 Jan 1921 - 1929         Vacant
1929 -  7 Feb 1936         Olagbemi Ewolufu -Regent
 7 Feb 1936 - 19..         Ginuwa II (Gbesimi Emiko)
1987?                      Ogiame Atuwatse II

Governors of the River
 4 Apr 1851 - 1870         Idiare
1870 - 1879                Tsanomi                     (d. 1896)
1879 - 1883                Olomu                       (b. c.1810 - d. 1883)
12 Jul 1884 - 1894         Nana Eriomala Olomu         (b. c.1852 - d. 1916)

1820                       Wase state founded.
1898                       Part of British Niger River Protectorate 
                            (later Northern Nigeria).

Ruler (title Madakin)
1820 - 1828                Hasan dan Giwa                          (d. 1828)
Rulers (title Sarkin Dutse)
1828 - 1848                `Abd Allahi I dan Giwa                  (d. 1848)
1848 - 1866                Hamman I dan `Abd Allahi
1866 - 1869                Hamman II dan `Umaru
1869 - 1874                Sulaymanu dan Hasan
1874 - 1877                Muhammadu I dan `Abd Allahi
1877 - 1878                Muhammadu II dan `Abd Allahi            (d. 1878)
1878 - 1902                Muhammadu III dan Musa
Emirs
1902 - 1909                Muhammadu III dan Musa
1909 - 1919                `Abd Allahi II dan Muhammadu            (d. 1919)
1919 - 1928                Muhammadu IV dan `Abd Allahi
1929 - 1947                Abu Bakar dan Muhammadu
1948 -  7 Oct 2001         `Abd Allahi III Mai Kano dan `Abd Allahi
Oct 2001 -                 Haruna dan `Abd Allahi

bf.1600                    Jukun state founded and centered at Kwararafa.
1855                       Center moved to Wukari; state becomes known as Wukari.

Rulers (title Aku Uka)
.... - ....                Agbu Kenjo
.... - ....                Katakpa
.... - ....                Agwabi
.... - ....                Dawi
.... - ....                Agyibi
.... - ....                Nani To
.... - ....                Daju
.... - ....                Zike
.... - ....                Kuvyon I
.... - ....                Adi Matswen
.... - 1820                Ashu Manu I
1820 - 1854                Angyu Zikenyu
1854 - 1866                Agbu Manu I
1866 - 1871                Ashu Manu II
1871 - 1902                Agudu Manu
1902 - 1915                Agbu Manu II
1915 - 1927                Ashu Manu III
1927 - 19..                Agbu Manu III
19.. - 1945                Angyu Ashu Manu IV
1946 - May 1960            Atoshi Agbu Manu IV
May 1960 - 19..            Adi Byewi
1980? -                    Shekarau Angyu Masa Ibi Kuvyon II

bf.1400                    Yawuri state founded.
1901                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Yawuri)
.... - ....                Lafiya II
.... - ....                Yanazu
.... - ....                `Umaru Gamdi
.... - ....                Sulaymana Jerabana
.... - ....                `Aliyu Lafiya
.... - ....                Ahmadu Jerabana
.... - ....                Shu`aybu Madara
.... - 1799                Mustafa Gazari
Mar 1799 - Nov 1829        Muhammadu Dan Ayi dan Ahmadu Jerabana 
                            (Albishir)
Nov 1829 - Jun 1835        Ibrahimu dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi
Jun 1835 - Mar 1844        Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki dan Muhammadu       (d. 1849)
                             Dan Ayi (1st time)
Mar 1844 - Sep 1848        Abu Bakr Jatau dan Mustafa Gazari         (d. 1848)
Sep 1848 - 1849            Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki dan Muhammadu       (s.a.)
                             Dan Ayi (2nd time)
1849 - Sep 1850            Ya`quba dan Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki
Sep 1850 - Jan 1871        Sulaymanu Dan Addo dan Ibrahimu           (d. 1871)
Jan 1871 - Jan 1888        `Abd Allahi Gallo dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi   (b. 18.. - d. 1888)
Jan 1888 - Feb 1904        `Abd Allahi Abarshi dan `Ali dan Yerima   (b. 18.. - d. 1904)
Feb 1904 - Jun 1915        Jibrilu dan `Abd Allahi Abarshi
1915 - Mar 1923            `Aliyu dan `Abd Allahi 
                             (regent to 1917)
1923 - 1955                `Abd Allahi dan Jibrilu                   (b. 1901 - d. 1955)
1955 - 19..                Muhammad Tukur dan `Abd Allahi            (b. 1923)
1995?                      S.Y. Abashi
2000? -                    Muhammad Zayyanu

bf.1200                    Zamfara state founded.
1764 - 1804                State suppressed by Gobir.
1902                       Divided between French territory of Zinder (see Niger)
                             and British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Zamfara)
.... - ....                `Usuman dan Muhammadu na Makaka
1715?                      Babba dan Muhammadu na Makaka
17.. - 17..                Ya`qubu dan Babba
17.. - 17..                Jirau dan Babba
17.. - 1734                Faskare dan Ya`qubu
1734                       Babba dan Jirau
1734 - 1739                Ya`qubu dan Faskare
1739 - 1741                Gigama dan Ya`qubu
1741 - 1748                Malo dan Ya`qubu
1748 - 1754                Gado dan Gigama
1754 - 1764                Maroki dan Malo
1804 - 1805                Dan Bawa dan Gado
1805 - 1815                Abarshi dan Maroki
1815                       Fari dan Maroki
1815 - 1824                Dan Bako dan Abarshi
1824                       Dan Gado dan Abarshi
1824 - 1825                `Abdu Tukudu dan Fari
1825 - 1829                `Abdu Fari dan Abarshi
1829 - 1853                Abu Bakar Bawan Adam dan Dan Bako
1853 - 1877                Muhammadu Dan Gigala dan Dan Bako
1877 - 1896                Hasan dan Muhammadu Dan Gigala
1896 - 1899                Muhammadu Farin Gani dan Abi Bakar
                             Bawan Adam
1899 - 1904                `Abd Allahi Gado dan Muhammadu
                             Dan Gigala
1904 - 1916                `Abdu Caccabi dan Muhammadu Dan
                             Gigala
1916 - 1928                Muhammadu Katar dan Hasan
1928 - 1946                Muhammadu Fari dan Muhammadu
                             Farin Gani
16 Sep 1946 - 19..         Ahmadu Barmo dan Maynassara
- Zamfara Zurmi -
1976 - 2002                Muhammadu Maynassara               (d. 2002)
12 Mar 2002 -              Atiku Dangalatima
- Zamfara Anka -
1993 -                     Muhammad Attahiru Ahmad

bf.1200                    Zazzau state founded.
31 Dec 1808                Zazzau state superseded by Zaria, a Fulbe jihad state.
Mar 1902                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Zazzau)
1696 - 1701                Bako III dan Musa
1701 - 1703                Ishaq
1703 - 1704                Burema II Ashakuka
1704 - 1715                Bako IV dan Sunkuru
1715 - 1726                Muhamman dan Gunguma
1726 - 1733                Uban Bawa
1733 - 1734                Muhamman Gani
1734                       Abu Muhammadu Gani
1734 - 1737                Dan Ashakuka
1737 - 1757                Muhamman Abu III
1757 - 1759                Bawo
1759 - 1764                Yunusa
1764 - 1767                Ya`qub
1767 - 1773                `Aliyu
1773 - 1779                Cikkoku
1779 - 1782                Muhamman Mai Gamo
1782 - Nov 1806            Ishaq Jatau
Nov 1806 - 31 Dec 1808     Muhammad Makau dan Ishaq Jatau
Rulers (title Malam)
31 Dec 1808 - 17 May 1821  Malam Musa ibn Muhammad
Jun 1821 - Sep/Oct 1835    Yamusa ibn al-Hajji 
Emirs (also styled Sarkin Zaria and Sarkin Zazzau)
Oct/Nov 1835-18 Dec 1846   `Abd al-Karim ibn `Abbas 
 6 Jan 1847 - 28 Feb 1847  Hammada ibn Yamusa 
15 Apr 1847 - Apr 1854     Muhammad Sani ibn Yamusa
Apr 1854 - Dec 1854        Sidi `Abd al-Qadir ibn Musa 
Jan 1855 -  5 Aug 1856     `Abd as-Salam ibn Muhammad Ka'i 
21 Sep 1856-Oct/Nov 1870   `Abd Allah ibn Hammada (1st time) 
22 Nov 1870-Jun/Jul 1873   Abu Bakr ibn Musa                      (d. 1873)
Aug/Sep 1873-Nov/Dec 1878  `Abd Allah ibn Hammada (2nd time)
26 Dec 1878 - Jan 1888     Muhammad Sambo ibn `Abd al-Karim
Jan 1888 - 13 Feb 1897     `Uthman Yero ibn `Abd Allah            (d. 1897)
17 Apr 1897 - Mar 1903     Muhammad Lawal Kwassau ibn `Uthman Yero 
Mar 1903 -  8 Apr 1903     Sulayman
                            (regent; acting from 11 Sep 1902 for
                             suspended Muhammad Lawal Kwassau)
 8 Apr 1903 -  9 Nov 1920  `Ali ibn `Abd al-Qadir                 (d. 1924)
1920 - 1924                Dallatu ibn `Uthman Yero 
1924 - 1936                Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Lawal Kwassau     (b. c.1886 - d. 1936)
1937 - Aug 1959            Malam Ja`far ibn Ishaq                 (b. 1891 - d. 1959)
Sep 1959 -  4 Feb 1975     Muhammad al-Amin ibn `Uthman           (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
11 Apr 1975 -              Shaykh Idris ibn `Uthman               (b. 1936)
                             (Shehu Idris)