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![[French
Flag]](fr.gif)
![(Haitian rebellion flag
1790-1791]](hai_1800.gif)
![[Haiti
Flag of 1803]](ht-1803.gif)
![[Haiti
Flag of 1806]](ht-1806.gif)
![[Haiti
Flag of 1805]](ht-1805.gif)
![[Haiti Stae flag of c.1810 -
1849 and 1859 - 1964]](haiti1822.gif)
![[State
Flag of Haiti, 1849-1859]](ht-1849.gif)
![[Haiti
State flag, 1964-87]](ht-st64.gif)
![[State flag of Haiti, 1987]](ht-state.gif)
English Governors of Tortuga
1625 -
1629
....
1629 -
1630
Spanish occupation
1631 -
1634
Anthony Hilton
(d. 1634)
1635
Nicholas Riskinner
(d. 1635)
1639 -
1640
Robert Flood
Jan 1654 - 1656
Spanish occupation
1656 -
1659
Elias Watts
French Governors of Île de la Tortue
Aug 1640 - Jul 1652 François
Levasseur, seigneur de (d. 1652)
René-de-Boisdouflet et des Lettres
1652 - Jan
1654
Louis d'Ache, chevalier de Fontenay
Jan 1654 - 1656
Spanish occupation
28 Nov 1656 - 1662
Jérémie Deschamps chevalier-
(b. 1610 - d. 1670)
seigneur du Monsac et
du Rausset
1662 - Jun
1665
Frédéric Deschamps de La Place
(acting)
Jun 1665 -
1668
Bertrand Denis d'Ogeron de
La (b. 1613 - d. 1676)
Bouëre (1st time)
1668 - Jun
1669
Jacques Nepveu de
Pouançey, (d.
1683)
sieur de Pouançey (1st time)
(acting)
Jun 1669 - Feb
1673 Bertrand
Denis d'Ogeron de La
(s.a.)
Bouëre (2nd time)
Apr
1673
Jerôme du Sarrat de La Perrière
(acting)
Apr 1673 - Sep 1675
Bertrand Denis d'Ogeron de
La (s.a.)
Bouëre (3rd time)
Sep 1675 - Aug
1676 Pierre
Paul Tarin de
Cussy
(d. 1691)
(1st time)(acting)
Aug 1676 - 1681
Jacques Nepveu de
Pouançey,
(s.a.)
sieur de Pouançey (2nd time)
1681 - Apr 1682
François de Pardieu de
Franquesnay
(acting)
May 1682 - 1683
Jacques Nepveu de
Pouançey,
(s.a.)
sieur de Pouançey (3rd time)
1683 - Apr 1684
Jacques de Pardieu de Franquesnay
(d. 1691)
(acting)
Apr 1684 - Jan
1691 Pierre
Paul Tarin de
Cussy
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
Jan 1691 - Oct
1691 Jean
Jacques Dumas (acting) (d.
1695)
1 Oct 1691 - Mar 1697
Jean-Baptiste Ducasse (1st time) (b. 1646 - d.
1715)
Mar 1697 - May
1697 Jacques
Yvon, sieur Deslandes
(acting)
May 1697 - Jun
1697 comte de
Boisiramé (acting)
(d. 1698)
Governors of Saint-Domingue
Jun 1697 - Jul 1700
Jean-Baptiste Ducasse (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jul 1700 - 16 Dec 1703 Joseph
d'Honon de
Gallifet
(b. 16.. - d. 1706)
(acting)
16 Dec 1703 - 13 Feb 1705 Charles
Auger
(b. 1640 - d. 1705)
13 Oct 1705 - 28 Dec 1707 Jean-Pierre de
Charitte (1st time) (b. 1658 - d. 1723)
(acting)
28 Dec 1707 -
1710
François Joseph, comte
de
(b. 16.. - d. 1711)
Choiseul-Beauprés
1710 - 7 Feb
1711
Jean-Pierre de Charitte (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Feb 1711 - 24 May 1711 Laurent de
Valernod
(b. 16.. - d. 1711)
24 May 1711 - 29 Aug 1712 Gabriel Jean Nicolas
de Gabaret, (b. 1641 - d. 1712)
seigneur de Saint-Sornin
29 Aug 1712 -
1713
Paul François de La
Grange, (b.
16.. - d. 1745)
comte d'Arquian
1713
Jean-Joseph de Paty
(b. 1664
- d. 1723)
(at
Petit Goâve)
1713 - Jan
1714
Louis de Courbon, comte de Blénac (b. 16.. - d.
1722)
Governors-general
Jan 1714 - 11 Jan 1717 Louis
de Courbon, comte de Blénac (s.a.)
11 Jan 1717 - 10 Jul 1719 Charles Joubert de la
Bastide, (b. 16.. - d. 1722)
marquis de Châteaumorand
10 Jul 1719 - 6 Dec 1723 Léon, marquis de
Sorel
(b. 1655 - d. 1743)
6 Dec 1723 - 8 Oct 1731 Gaspard
Charles de Goussé, (b. 1670
- d. 1748)
chevalier de La Rochallart
8 Oct 1731 - 4 Feb 1732 Antoine
Gabriel, marquis de Vienne (d. 1732)
de Busserolles
4 Feb 1732 - 8 Oct 1732 Étienne
Cochard du Pernot de
Chastenoy (1st time) (acting)
8 Oct 1732 - 11 Aug 1737 Pierre, marquis
de
Fayet
(d. 1737)
Aug 1737 - 11 Nov 1737
Étienne Cochard du Pernot de
Chastenoy (2nd time) (acting)
11 Nov 1737 - 19 Nov 1746 Charles de
Brunier,
marquis de
Larnage
(b. 1687 - d. 1746)
19 Nov 1746 - 12 Aug 1748 Étienne Cochard
du Pernot de
Chastenoy (3rd time) (acting)
12 Aug 1748 - 29 Mar 1751 Hubert de Brienne,
comte de (b.
1690 - d. 1777)
Conflans
29 Mar 1751 - 31 May 1753 Emmanuel Auguste de
Cahideux du (b. 1683 - d. 1764)
Bois de Lamothe
31 May 1753 - 24 Mar 1757 Joseph Hyacinthe de
Rigaud, (b.
1706 - d. 1764)
marquis de Vaudreuil
24 Mar 1757 - 30 Jul 1762 Philippe François
Bart
(b. 1706 - d. 1784)
30 Jul 1762 - 7 Mar 1763 Gabriel de Bory
de Saint-Vincent (b. 1720 - d. 1801)
7 Mar 1763 - 4 Aug 1763 Armand,
vicomte de
Belzunce (b.
1722 - d. 1763)
4 Aug 1763 - 23 Apr 1764 Pierre André de
Gohin, comte (b.
1722 - d. 1796)
de Montreuil (acting)
23 Apr 1764 - 1 Jul 1766 Jean Baptiste
Charles Henri, (b.
1729 - d. 1794)
comte d'Estaing
1 Jul 1766 - 10 Feb 1769 Louis Armand
Constantin de Rohan, (b. 1730 - d. 1794)
prince de Montbazon
10 Feb 1769 - 15 Jan 1772 Pierre Gédéon, comte
de Nolivos (b. 1714 - d. 17..)
15 Jan 1772 - 30 Apr 1772 De la Ferronays
(acting)
30 Apr 1772 - 15 Apr 1775 Louis Florent, marquis
de Valière (b. 1719 - d. 1775)
12 May 1775 - 16 Aug 1775 Jean-François, comte
de Reynaud (b. 1731 - d. 1812)
de Villeverd (1st time) (acting)
16 Aug 1775 - 13 Dec 1776 Victor Thérèse
Charpentier,
(b. 1732 - d. 1776)
comte d'Ennery
28 Dec 1776 - 22 May 1777 Jean-Baptiste de Taste
de
Lilancour (1st time) (acting)
22 May 1777 - 7 Mar 1780 Robert, comte
d'Argout
(b. 1724 - d. 1780)
7 Mar 1780 - 25 Apr 1780 Jean-Baptiste de
Taste de
Lilancour (2nd time) (acting)
25 Apr 1780 - 28 Jul 1781 Jean-François, comte
de Reynaud (s.a.)
de Villeverd (2nd time)
28 Jul 1781 - 14 Feb 1782 Jean-Baptiste de Taste
de
Lilancour (3rd time) (acting)
14 Feb 1782 - 3 Jul 1785 Guillaume Léonard
de Bellecombe, (b. 1728 - d. 1792)
seigneur de Teirac
3 Jul 1785 - 27 Apr 1786 Gui Pierre de
Coustard (acting) (b. 1724 - d. 1793)
27 Apr 1786 - Nov 1787 César
Henri, comte de La Luzerne (b. 1737 - d.
1799)
Nov 1787 - 22 Dec 1788
Alexandre de Vincent de Mazade
(b. 1735 - d. 1808)
(1st time) (acting)
22 Dec 1788 -
1789
Marie Charles, marquis du Chilleau (b. 1734 - d. 1794)
1789
Alexandre de Vincent de Mazade
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
19 Aug 1789 - Nov 1790 Louis
Antoine
Thomassin,
(b. 1731 - d. 1809)
comte de Peynier
9 Nov 1790 -
1792
Philibert François Rouxel
de (b. 1735 - d.
1793)
Blanchelande
29 Nov 1791 - 1 Apr 1792 Frédéric de
Mirbeck -Commissioner (b. 1732 - d. 1818)
29 Nov 1791 - 18 Sep 1792 Philippe-Rose Roume de
Saint- (b. 1724 - d. 1804)
Laurent -Commissioner (1st time)
1792
Adrien Nicolas, marquis de
la (b. 1735 - d. 1816)
Salle, comte d'Offémont
17 Sep 1792 - 23 Oct 1792 Jean Jacques
d'Esparbès de Lussan (b. 1720 - d. 1810)
23 Oct 1792 - 2 Jan 1793 Donatien Marie
Joseph de Vimeur, (b. 1755 - d. 1813)
comte de Rochambeau (1st time)
2 Jan 1793 - 19 Jun 1793 Léger Félicité
Sonthonax
(b. 1763 - d. 1813)
(1st time) -Commissioner
19 Jun 1793 - Oct 1793
François Galbaud du
Fort
(b. 1743 - d. 1803)
Oct 1793 - 11 May 1796 Étienne
Maynaud
Bizefranc,
(b. 1751 - d. 1828)
comte de Laveaux
11 May 1796 - 24 Aug 1797 Léger Félicité
Sonthonax
(s.a.)
(2nd time) -Commissioner
1 Apr 1797 - 5 May 1802 Pierre
François
Dominique
(b. 1743? - d. 1803)
Toussaint-Louverture
27 Mar 1798 - 23 Oct 1798 Gabriel Marie
Théodore-Joseph (b. 1755 -
d. 1825)
Hédouville -Commissioner
Oct 1798 - Nov
1800
Philippe-Rose Roume de Saint- (s.a.)
Laurent -Commissioner (2nd time)
14 Jan 1801 - 1803?
François Jacques Lequoy
de
Mongiraud -Prefect
5 Feb 1802 - 2 Nov 1802 Charles
Victor Emmanuel Leclerc (b. 1772 - d.
1802)
2 Nov 1802 - 30 Nov 1803 Donatien Marie
Joseph de Vimeur,
comte de Rochambeau (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Nov 1803 - 31 Dec 1803 Jean-Jacques
Dessalines
(b. 1758 - d. 1806)
Intendants
9 Aug 1718 - 18 Sep 1720 Jean-Jacques Mithon
de Senneville (b. 1669 - d. 1737)
(ordonnateur
from 9 Sep 1708)
18 Sep 1720 - 18 Mar 1722 Jean-Baptiste Dubois
Duclos (d. 1737)
(1st
time)(acting)
18 Mar 1722 - 17 Dec 1725 François de Montholon
(d.
1725)
17 Dec 1725 - 20 May 1726 de Godemart (acting)
May 1726 - 19 Dec 1726
Jean-Pierre Tesson de Saint-Aubin
19 Dec 1726 - 30 Jan 1736 Jean-Baptiste Dubois
Duclos (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
6 Feb 1730 - 19 Oct 1730 Jean-Pierre Tesson
de Saint-Aubin
(acting
for Duclos)
30 Jan 1736 - 19 Nov 1737 Daniel-Henri de Besset,
(d. 1737)
chevalier de la Chapelle-Milon
1737 -
1738
Pierre de Sartre de Vacquerolles (d. 1738)
1738 - 7 Jan
1751
Jean-Pierre Maillart
(b. 1690 - d. 1758)
Jan 1751 - 19 Dec 1758 Jean-Baptiste
Laporte de Lalanne (d. 1758)
Dec 1758 - 7 Mar 1760
Joseph Elias (acting)
7 Mar 1760 - 1 Dec 1760 Jean Joseph
Peyrac (acting) (b. 1707 - d.
1794)
1 Dec 1760 - 23 Apr 1764 Jean Étienne Bernard
Ogier de (b. 1729 - d. 1776)
Clugny
de Nuits
23 Apr 1764 - 1 Jul 1766 René
Magon
(d. 1778)
1 Jul 1766 - 17 Jun 1771 Alexandre Jacques,
chevalier (b. 1719 -
d. 1787)
de
Bongars (1st time)
17 Jun 1771 - 15 Apr 1774 Jean-François Vincent de
(b. 1730 - d. 1783)
Montarcher
15 Apr 1774 - 21 Jun 1780 Jean-Baptiste Guillemin
de Vaivre (b. 1736 - d. 1818)
21 Jun 1780 - 14 Feb 1782 Joseph Alexandre Le
Brasseur (b. 1745 - d. 1794)
(acting)
14 Feb 1782 - 9 Apr 1785 Alexandre-Jacques,
chevalier (s.a.)
de
Bongars (2nd time)
9 Apr 1785 - 28 Oct 1789 François
Barbé-Marbois
(b. 1745 - d. 1837)
1790
Vincent-René de
Proisy
British Occupied Saint-Domingue
![[Great Britian flag of 1606]](gb-1606.gif)
Military Governors
19 Sep 1793 - May 1795 John
Whitelock
(b. 1757 - d. 1833)
May 1795 - Mar
1796 Adam
Williamson
(b. 1736 - d. 1798)
Mar 1796 - Mar 1796 Gordon
Forbes
Mar 1797 - Jul 1797
John Graves
Simcoe
(b. 1752 - d. 1806)
Jul 1797 - Apr 1798
John Whyte
Apr 1798 - 2 Oct 1798 Thomas
Maitland
(b. 1759 - d. 1824)
Note: Haiti was split de facto between a "North" and a "South" government from 28 Dec 1806 to 26 Oct 1820. This is shown below as an overlap of two polities, the first called Haiti (North), from independence (1804) to the death of King Henri I (1820); the second, Haiti, from 1806 to the present (South to 1820). There were also several short-lived secessions of parts of the country; these are listed at the end of this record.
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![[Kingdom of
Haiti State Flag of 1806-1820]](ht-1811.gif)
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(17 Feb 1807 - 6 Apr 1811) (6 Apr 1811 - 8 Oct 1820) |
Cap-Haïtien (Cap-Henri) 1811-1820 |
1 Jan
1804
Independence (Haiti)
8 Oct
1804
Empire of Haiti
17 Oct
1806
Haiti
17 Feb
1807
State of Haiti
28 Mar
1811
Kingdom of Haiti
8 Oct
1820
Extinction of the state, incorporated into Republic
of Haiti on 26
Oct 1820 (s.b.)
Governor-general
1 Jan 1804 - 8 Oct 1804 Jean-Jacques
Dessalines
(b. 1758 - d. 1806)
Emperor¹
8 Oct 1804 - 17 Oct 1806 Jacques
I
(s.a.)
Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government
17 Oct 1806 - 17 Feb 1807 Henry
Christophe
(b. 1767 - d. 1820)
(accepts nomination 23 Oct 1806)
President and Generalissimo
17 Feb 1807 - 28 Mar 1811 Henry
Christophe
(s.a.)
King¹
28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820 Henri
I
(s.a.)
Haiti
27 Dec
1806
Republic of Haiti
27 Jan 1843 - 1 Mar 1846 Haitian Republic
26 Aug
1849
Empire of Haiti
22 Dec 1858
Republic of Haiti
Presidents
28 Dec 1806 - 27 Jan 1807 Henri
Christophe
(b. 1767 - d. 1820)
(did not accept or take office,
appointment lapsed on 12 Jan 1807)
19 Jan 1807 - 10 Mar 1807 Bruno Blanchet aîné
(acting) (b. 1760 - d.
1822)
(Secretary of State)
10 Mar 1807 - 9 Mar 1811 Anne-Alexandre
Sabès, dit Pétion (b. 1770 - d. 1818)
"Papa Bon Coeur" (1st time)
9 Mar 1811 - 10 Mar 1811 Jean-Chrysostôme
Imbert (1st time) (b. 1779 - d. 1855)
(acting)(Administrator-general of Finances)
10 Mar 1811 - 9 Mar 1815 Anne-Alexandre
Sabès, dit Pétion (s.a.)
(2nd time)
9 Mar 1815 - 10 Mar 1815 Jean-Chrysostôme
Imbert (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
10 Mar 1815 - 29 Mar 1818 Anne-Alexandre Sabès,
dit Pétion (s.a.)
(3rd time)
29 Mar 1818 - 1 Apr 1818 Jean-Chrysostôme
Imbert (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)(Secretary of State)
1 Apr 1818 - 14 Mar 1843 Jean-Pierre Boyer
(b. 1776 - d.
1850)
14 Mar 1843 - 17 Mar 1843 André Pilié
(Provisional Secretary of State)
14 Mar 1843 - 17 Mar 1843 Provisional
Popular Committee of Port-au-Prince
(alternate municipal authority)
- Auguste Brouard
- J.-B. Courty
- P.-H. Jeanton
- Daret
- Merlet
- Auguste Louis-Charles Émile
Nau (b. 1812 - d. 1860)
- Louis Lilavois
19 Mar 1843 - 21 Mar 1843 Jean-Joseph Dieudonné
(President of
Popular Committee of Port-au-Prince)
10 Mar 1843 - 4 Apr 1843 Charles Hérard
aîné, dit Rivière (b. 1787 - d. 1850)
Hérard (1st time)(Chief of Executive
Power,
in
rebellion 27 Jan - 21 Mar 1843)
4 Apr 1843 - 4 Jan 1844
Provisional Government
- Jean-Chrysostôme Imbert
(s.a.)
- Jean-Auguste Voltaire
(b. 1761 - d. 1843)
(to 22 Jul 1843)
- Jean-Jacques Philippe Guerrier (b.
1757 - d. 1845)
- Victorin Nolasque Segrétier
- Charles
Hérard aîné, dit Riviére (s.a.)
Hérard (chief of
administration from 17 Apr 1843)
- Lazarre (from
11 Sep 1843)
4 Jan 1844 - 3 May
1844 Charles Hérard aîné, dit Riviére
(s.a.)
Hérard (2nd time)
5 Apr 1844 - 24 Jun 1844 Louis Jean-Jacques
Acaau
(d. 1846)
(General Chief of Citizens Grievances;
in
rebellion)
3 May 1844 - 15 Apr 1845 Jean-Jacques
Philippe Guerrier (s.a.)
(from 26 Apr 1844, in dissidence as
President of the Department of North)
15 Apr 1845 - 3 May 1845 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Jacques-Sylvain Hyppolite,
(b. 1784 - d. 1857)
dit Gelin
- Alexis Beaubrun
Ardouin
(b. 1796 - d. 1865)
- Jean M. Paul
(b. 1800 - d.
1872)
- Gui Ann Léon Détré
3 May 1845 - 1 Mar 1846
Jean-Louis Pierrot
(b. 1765 - d. 1857)
(continues
in dissidence to 24 Mar 1846)
1 Mar 1846 - 27 Feb 1847 Jean-Baptiste
Riché
(b. 1776 - d. 1847)
27 Feb 1847 - 2 Mar 1847 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Charles Nicolas Céligny Ardouin (b. 1801 - d.
1849)
- Bertrand Alexis Borgia Dupuy
(ci-devant baron Dupuy)
- Gui Ann Léon Détré
(s.a.)
- Alphonse Larochel
2 Mar 1847 - 26 Aug 1849 Faustin Éli
Soulouque
(b. 1782 - d. 1867)
Emperor¹
26 Aug 1849 - 15 Jan 1859 Faustin
I
(s.a.)
Presidents
15 Jan 1859 - 13 Mar 1867 Fabre Nicolas
Guillaume Geffrard (b. 1806 - d. 1879)
(President of the Revolutionary Committee
[in rebellion from 23 Dec 1858] to 20 Jan 1859)
13 Mar 1867 - 20 Mar 1867 Council of
Secretaries of State
-
Exilien Heurtelou
- J.-J.
Saint-Victor
-
Jean-Baptiste Symphor Linstant (d.
1884)
de Pradines
-
Darfeuil Laborde
-
Septimus Rameau
(b. 1826 - d. 1876)
20 Mar 1867 - 2 May 1867 Jean Nicholas
Nissage-Saget
(b. 1810 - d. 1880)
(1st time)
(President of Provisional Government)
2 May 1867 - 3 May 1867 Provisional
Government
- Jean Nicholas
Nissage-Saget (s.a.)
- Victor Jean-Marie
Eustache (b. 1815 -
d. 1869)
Chevallier, dit Victorin
Chevallier
- Sylvain
Salnave
(b. 1826 - d. 1870)
3 May 1867 - 27 Dec 1869 Sylvain
Salnave
(s.a.)
(Protector of the Republic to 16 Jun 1867;
then
provsional President to 14 Jun 1867)
(abandons Port-au-Prince 19 Dec 1869)
27 Dec 1869 - 14 May 1874 Jean Nicholas
Nissage-Saget
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
(President of Provisional Government to 20 Mar 1870)
14 May 1874 - 14 Jun 1874 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Saül Liautaud
- Joseph Lamothe
- Jean Octavius Rameau
- Raoul Excellent
14 Jun 1874 - 15 Apr 1876 Michel
Domingue
(d. 1877)
15 Apr 1876 - 23 Apr 1876 B. Rivière
(President of
the Revolutionary Committee
of
Port-au-Prince District)
23 Apr 1876 - 19 Jul 1876 Provisional
Government
- Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal (b. 1832 - d.
1905)
- Jean-Louis
Hyppolite
- Louis
Tanis aîné
- Antoine-Louis
Audain, dit Louis
Audain père
-
Monbrun Arnoux
19 Jul 1876 - 17 Jul 1879 Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
(1st time)
18 Jul 1879 - 26 Jul 1879 Pierre Charles
Barthélemy (s.a.)
Denis, dit Darius Denis
(President of Public Order Committee
of the Capital)
26 Jul 1879 - 26 Oct 1879 Provisional
Government
- Hériston
Hérissé (to 3 Oct 1879)
- Tirésias
Antoine Auguste
(b. 1835 - d. 1916)
Simon-Sam
- Adelson
Douyon (to 3 Oct 1879)
- Joseph
Lamothe (to 3 Oct 1879)
- Diogène
Serre (to 3 Oct 1879)
- Louis
Étienne Lysius Félicité (b. 1815 - d.
1888) PN
Salomon, dit Lysius Salomon
jeune
(from 3 Oct 1879)
(president)
- Richelieu
Duperval
(from 3 Oct 1879)
- Louis
Mondestin Florvil (b.
1827 - d. 1896)
Hyppolite (1st time)
(from 3
Oct 1879)
- Séïde
Thélémaque (1st time) (d. 1888)
(from
3 Oct 1879)
- Numa
Jean-Auguste Laurent Rigaud (b. c.1799 - d. 1880)
(from 3
Oct 1879)
- Surpris
Laurent (from 3 Oct 1879)
26 Oct 1879 - 10 Aug 1888 Louis Étienne Lysius
Félicité (s.a.)
PN
Salomon, dit Lysius Salomon jeune
27 Mar 1883 - 27 Oct 1883 Charles Jean-Pierre
Bazelais, (b. 1836 - d.
1884)
dit Jean-Pierre Boyer-Bazelais
(Chief Executive of the Central Revolutionary Committee;
in
dissidence)
10 Aug 1888 - 24 Aug 1888
Pierre-Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
(exercising executive authority in Port-au-Prince)
24 Aug 1888 - 1 Sep 1888 Provisional
Government
- Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal (s.a.)
- Séïde
Thélémaque (2nd time) (s.a.)
-
François Déus Légitime, dit
(b. 1841 - d. 1935)
François Denys Légitime
- Ultimo
Saint-Amand
- Louis
Mondestin Florvil
(s.a.)
Hyppolite (2nd time)
-
Étienne Erystale Claude
- Pierre-Charles
Amilton Archin
1 Sep 1888 - 16 Oct 1888 Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
(President of Provisional Government)
16 Oct 1888 - 22 Aug 1889 François Déus
Légitime, dit
(s.a.)
François Denys Légitime
(Chief of Executive Power to 18 Dec 1888)
23 Aug 1889 - 24 Mar 1896 Louis
Mondestin Florvil Hyppolite (s.a.)
(from 27 Nov 1888 provisional president, in
dissidence;
provisional president to 17 Oct 1889)
24 Mar 1896 - 1 Apr 1896 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Tirésias Antoine
Auguste
(s.a.)
Simon-Sam
- Jean Antoine Tancrède Auguste (b.
1856 - d. 1913)
- Pourcely Faine
- Jean-Baptiste Callisthènes A.
Fouchard
- Louis-Philippe Thimoclès Labidou
1 Apr 1896 - 13 May 1902 Tirésias Antoine
Auguste Simon-Sam (s.a.)
13 May 1902 - 18 Dec 1902
Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
(President of Committee of Public Safety to 26
May 1902,
then
President of the Provisional Government)
4 Aug 1902 - 15 Oct 1902 Joseph Anténor
Firmin
(b. 1850 - d, 1911)
(President of Executive Council of
Artibonite and Northwest; in rebellion)
18 Dec 1902 - 2 Dec 1908 Pierre Nord
Alexis
(b. 1820 - d. 1910)
(Chief of Executive Power to 23 Dec 1902)
2 Dec 1908 - 6 Dec 1908 Louis-Auguste
Boisrond-Canal, dit (s.a.)
Boisrond-Canal jeune
(President of Commission
for Maintenance of Law and Order)
6 Dec 1908 - 2 Aug 1911 François C.
Antoine "A.T." Simon (b. 1844 - d. 1923)
(Chief of Executive Power to 20 Dec 1908)
24 Jul 1911 - 8 Aug 1912 Jean-Jacques
Dessalines Michel (b. 1854 - d.
1912)
Cincinnatus Leconte
(Supreme Chief of the Revolution to 7 Aug 1911;
Chief of Executive Power 5-15 Aug 1911)
1911 - 5 Nov 1911
Horatius Limage Philippe
(President of Central Revolutionary
Committee; in
dissidence)
8 Aug 1912 - 9 Aug 1912 Council
of Secretaries of State
- Edmond Lespinasse (1st time) (b. 1856 -
d. 1933)
- Antoine Constantin Sansaricq
(b. 1868 - d. 1941)
- Jacques Nicolas Léger (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1918)
- John Déjoie
Laroche
(b. 1861 - d. 1921)
- Tertulien Guilbaud (1st time) (b.
1856 - d. 1937)
9 Aug 1912 - 2 May 1913 Jean Antoine
Tancrède Auguste (s.a.)
2 May 1913 - 14 May 1913 Council
of Secretaries of State
- François Baufossé Laroche
(b. 1865 - d. 1921)
- Seymour Pradel
(b.
1876 - d. 1943)
- Jacques Nicolas Léger (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Tertulien Guilbaud (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Edmond Lespinasse (2nd time) (s.a.)
- André Faustin Guatimosin Boco
14 May 1913 - 27 Jan 1914 Michel Oreste
Lafontant, dit (b.
1859 - d. 1918)
Michel-Oreste
28? Jan 1914 - 7? Feb 1914 Stéphen Archer
(President of Committee of Public
Safety,
in Port-au-Prince)
2. Jan 1914 - 8 Feb 1914 Edmond Sylvestre
Polynice (1st time)
(Commandant of Port-au-Prince
arrondissement)
1 Feb 1914 - 28 Oct 1914 Emmanuel
Oreste
Zamor
(b. 1861 - d. 1915)
(Chief of Executive Power to 8 Feb 1914)
29 Oct 1914 - 6 Nov 1914 Edmond Sylvestre
Polynice (2nd time)
(President of Committee of Public Welfare)
19 Oct 1914 - 22 Feb 1915 Joseph Davilmar
Théodore
(b. 1847 - d. 1917)
(Chief of Executive Power to 10 Nov 1914,
in dissidence
to 6 Nov 1914)
19 Jan 1915 - 27 Jul 1915 Jean Vilbrun
Guillaume-Sam
(b. 1859 - d. 1915)
(Chief of Executive Power to 9 Mar 1915;
in dissidence to 25 Feb
1915)
5 May 1915 - 6 Aug 1915 Rosalvo Bobo
(b. 1873 - d. 1929)
(Chief of Executive Power; in dissidence)
28 Jul 1915 - 11 Aug 1915 Revolutionary
Committee
- Charles de Delva
- Edmond Sylvestre Polynice
- Diogène Dèlinois
- Charles
Zamor
(d. 1931)
- Gaston Pierre-Joseph Antoine
Dalencourt
- Ermane Robin
12 Aug 1915 - 15 May 1922 Philippe Sudre
Dartiguenave
(b. 1863 - d. 1926)
15 May 1922 - 15 May 1930 Eustache Antoine
François Joseph (b. 1865 - d. 1942)
Louis Borno
15 May 1930 - 18 Nov 1930 Louis Eugène
Roy
(b. 1861 - d. 1938)
18 Nov 1930 - 15 May 1941 Sténio Joseph
Vincent
(b. 1874 - d. 1959)
15 May 1941 - 11 Jan 1946 Louis
Léocardie Élie Lescot
(b. 1883 - d. 1974)
11 Jan 1946 - 16 Aug 1946 Franck Lavaud (1st
time)
(b. 1903 - d. 1986) Mil
(President of Military Executive Committee)
16 Aug 1946 - 10 May 1950 Léon Dumarsais
Estimé
(b. 1900 - d. 1953) Non-party
10 May 1950 - 6 Dec 1950 Franck Lavaud
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(President of Government Junta)
6 Dec 1950 - 12 Dec 1956 Paul Eugène
Magloire
(b. 1907 - d. 2001)Mil/Non-party
(Chief of Executive Power from 6 Dec 1956)
12 Dec 1956 - 4 Feb 1957 Joseph Nemours
Pierre-Louis
(b. 1900 - d. 1966) Non-party
(Provisional Chief of Executive Power)
7 Feb 1957 - 2 Apr 1957 Franck
Sylvain
(provisional) (b.
1909 - d. 1987) Non-party
2 Apr 1957 - 6 Apr 1957 Léon Cantave
(1st
time)
(b. 1910 - d. 1967) Mil
(Army Chief of General Staff)
6 Apr 1957 - 20 May 1957 Executive
Government Council
(Presidency rotates session by session among
the
delegates: of Louis
Déjoie [Cambronne, Daguilh,
Bretous], of
François Duvalier [Pierre-Paul, Nicoleau,
Beauvoir], and
of Pierre Eustache Daniel Fignolé
[Bernard,
Bruny, Lamothe])
- Jean Charles
Léonce M. Bernard (b. 1895 - d.
1984)
- Georges
Bretous
(b. 1903)
- Stuart
Cambronne
(b. 1903)
- Antoine
Pierre-Paul
(b. 1881 - d. 19..)
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Vilfort
Beauvoir
(b. 1892 - d. 1972)
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Weber
Michaud
(b. 1902)
- Seymour
Lamothe
(b. 1911)
- Raoul Fabre
Daguilh
(b. 1887 - d. 19..)
- Théodore A. Nicoleau
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Ernest Berthoumieux Danache
(b. 1917)
- Emmanuel
Bruny
(b. 1915)
- Jean Antoine Max Bolté
(b. 1920)
- Jean-Antoine Grégoire Eugène
(b. 1924)
20 May 1957 - 26 May 1957 Léon Cantave (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(Army Chief of General Staff)
26 May 1957 - 14 Jun 1957 Pierre Eustache Daniel
Fignolé (b. 1914 - d.
1986) MOP
(provisional)
14 Jun 1957 - 22 Oct 1957 Antonio Thrasybule
Kébreau
(b. 1909 - d. 1963) Mil
(President of Military Council)
22 Oct 1957 - 21 Apr 1971 François Duvalier
"Papa Doc" (b. 1907
- d. 1971)PUN/Non-party
21 Apr 1971 - 7 Feb 1986 Jean-Claude
Duvalier "Baby Doc" (b.
1951)
Non-party
7 Feb 1986 - 7 Feb 1988 Henri Namphy
(1st
time)
(b.
1932)
Mil
(President of National Council)
7 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988 Leslie-François
Saint-Roc Manigat (b.
1930)
RDNP
20 Jun 1988 - 17 Sep 1988 Henri Namphy (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
17 Sep 1988 - 10 Mar 1990 Prosper
Avril
(b.
1937)
Mil
10 Mar 1990 - 13 Mar 1990 Hérard Abraham
(interim)
(b.
1940)
Mil
13 Mar 1990 - 7 Jan 1991 Ertha
Pascal-Trouillot
(f) (b.
1943)
Non-party
(1st time)(provisional)
7 Jan 1991
(hours) Roger
Lafontant (provisional)
(b. 1931? - d. 1991) Non-party
7 Jan 1991 - 7 Feb 1991 Ertha
Pascal-Trouillot
(f)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(2nd time)(provisional)
7 Feb 1991 - 30 Sep 1991 Jean-Bertrand
Aristide² (1st time) (b.
1953)
FNCD
1 Oct 1991 - 8 Oct 1991 Raoul
Cédras
(b.
1949)
Mil
(Chairman of Military Junta; de facto leader to 12 Oct
1994)
8 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Joseph C. Nérette
(provisional) (b. 1924 - d.
2007) Non-party
19 Jun 1992 - 15 Jun 1993 Marc Louis Bazin
(acting)
(b. 1932 - d. 2010) MIDH
15 Jun 1993 - 12 May 1994 Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
FNCD
(in exile, but recognized in Haiti)
12 May 1994 - 12 Oct 1994 Émile Jonassaint
(provisional) (b. 1913 - d.
1995) Non-party
12 Oct 1994 - 7 Feb 1996 Jean-Bertrand
Aristide (3rd time)
(s.a.)
OPL
7 Feb 1996 - 7 Feb 2001 René Garcia
Préval (1st time) (b.
1943)
OPL
7 Feb 2001 - 29 Feb 2004 Jean-Bertrand
Aristide (4th time)
(s.a.)
FL
29 Feb 2004 - 14 May 2006 Boniface Alexandre
(provisional) (b.
1936)
Non-party
14 May 2006 - 14 May 2011 René Garcia
Préval (2nd time)
(s.a.)
FLP
14 May 2011
-
Michel Martelly "Sweet Micky" (b.
1961) RP
Prime ministers
9 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988 Martial
Célestin
(b. 1913 - d. 2011) Non-party
20 Jun 1988 - 13 Feb 1991 Post
abolished
13 Feb 1991 - 11 Oct 1991 René Garcia
Préval
(s.a.)
FNCD
11 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Jean-Jacques Honorat
(interim) (b.
1931)
Non-party
19 Jun 1992 - 30 Aug 1993 Marc Louis
Bazin
(s.a.)
MIDH
30 Aug 1993 - 8 Nov 1994 Robert
Malval
(b.
1943)
Non-party
8 Nov 1994 - 7 Nov 1995 Smarck
Michel
(b. 1937 - d. 2012) Non-party
7 Nov 1995 - 27 Feb 1996 Claudette Antoine
Werleigh (f) (b.
1946)
OPL
27 Feb 1996 - 20 Oct 1997 Rosny
Smarth
(b.
1940)
OPL
21 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999 Vacant³
26 Mar 1999 - 2 Mar 2001 Jacques-Édouard
Alexis (1st time) (b.
1947)
OPL
2 Mar 2001 - 15 Mar 2002 Jean-Marie
Chérestal
(b.
1947)
FL
15 Mar 2002 - 12 Mar 2004 Yvon
Neptune
(b.
1946)
FL
12 Mar 2004 - 9 Jun 2006 Gérard
Latortue
(b.
1934)
Non-party
23 May 2006 - 9 Jun 2006 Henri Bazin
(acting for Latortue) (b.
1934?)
Non-party
9 Jun 2006 - 5 Sep 2008
Jacques-Édouard Alexis (2nd time) (s.a.)
FLP
5 Sep 2008 - 11 Nov 2009 Michele Duvivier
Pierre-Louis (f) (b. 1947)
Non-party
11 Nov 2009 - 18 Oct 2011 Jean-Max
Bellerive
(b. 1958)
FLP
18 Oct 2011 - 16 May 2012 Garry Conille
(b. 1966)
Non-party
16 May 2012 -
Laurent S. Lamothe
(b. 1972)
Non-party
U.S. Military Commanders
28 Jul 1915 - Apr 1916 William
Banks
Caperton
(b. 1855 - d. 1941)
Apr 1916 - Jan
1917 Littleton
Waller Tazewell Waller (b. 1856 - d. 1926)
Jan 1917 - Nov
1918 John
Henry Russell, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1947)
Nov 1918 - Sep
1919 Albertus
Wrigth
Catlin
(b. 1868 - d. 1933)
Sep 1919 - 11 Feb 1922 John
Henry Russell, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
High Commissioner
11 Feb 1922 - 16 Nov 1930 John Henry Russell,
Jr.
(b. 1872 - d. 1947)
Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary
16 Nov 1930 - 14 Sep 1932 Dana Gardner
Munro
(b. 1892 - d. 1990)
7 Nov 1932 - 4 Mar 1933 Norman
Armour (1st
time)
(b. 1887 - d. 1982)
11 Apr 1933 - 15 Aug 1934 Norman Armour (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
U.S. Military Commanders
16 Sep 1994 - 25 Oct 1994 Henry H.
Shelton
(b. 1942)
25 Oct 1994 - Jan 1995 David
C.
Meade
(b. 1941?)
Jan 1995 - Mar
1995 George A.
Fisher, Jr.
United Nations (UNMIH)
Force Commanders
Jan 1995 - 5 Mar 1996
Joseph W. Kinzer
(U.S.)
(b. 1939)
5 Mar 1996 - 30 Jun 1997 J.R. Pierre
Daigle (Canada) (b. 1950)
1 Aug 1997 - 30 Nov 1997 Robin Gagnon
(Canada)
U.S. Military Commander
24 Feb 2004 - 1 Jun 2004 James T. Hill
(b. 1946)
United Nations (MINUSTAH) Force Commanders
1 Jun 2004 - 1 Sep 2005 Augusto
Heleno Ribeiro Pereira (b. 1947)
(Brazil)
1 Sep 2005 - 7 Jan 2006 Urano
Teixeira da Matta Bacellar (b. 1947 - d.
2006)
(Brazil)
7 Jan 2006 - 20 Jan 2006 Eduardo Aldunate
Herman (Chile) (b. 1948)
(interim)
20 Jan 2006 - 9 Jan 2007 José Elito
Carvalho de Siqueira (b. 1946)
(Brazil)
9 Jan 2007 - 9 Apr 2009 Carlos Alberto
Dos Santos Cruz (b. 1952)
(Brazil)
9 Apr 2009 - 11 Apr 2010 Floriano Peixoto
Vieira Neto (b. 1954)
(Brazil)
11 Apr 2010 - 30 Mar 2011 Luiz Guilherme Paul Cruz
(Brazil) (b. 1957)
30 Mar 2011 - 27 Mar 2012 Luiz Eduardo
Ramos Pereira (Brazil)(b. 1956)
27 Mar 2012 -
Fernando Rodrigues Goulart (Brazil)(b. 1958)
Commanders of U.S. Joint Task Force for Haiti
Relief
17 Jan 2010 - 18 Apr 2010 P.K. "Ken" Keen
(U.S.) (b.
c.1952)
18 Apr 2010 - 1 Jun 2010 Simeon G. Trombitas
(U.S.) (b. 1955)
¹The style of the ruler:
(a) 8 Oct 1804 - 20 May 1805: Empereur
d'Haïti ("Emperor of Haiti");
(b) 20 May 1805 - 17 Oct 1806: Empereur d'Haïti et
chef suprême de l'armée par la grâce de Dieu et la loi
constitutionnelle de l'état ("Emperor of Haiti and
Supreme Chief of the Army and by the Grace of God and
the Constitutional Law of the State");
(c) 28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820: par la grâce de
Dieu et la loi constitutionnelle de l'état, roi
d'Haïti ("by the Grace of God and the
Constitutional Law of the State, King of Haiti");
-- unconstitutional longer form also in use: par la
grâce de Dieu et la
loi constitutionnelle de l'état, roi du Haïti,
souverains de Tortuga, Gonâve et d'autres îles
adjacentes, destroyer de tyrannie, régénérateur et
bienfaiteur de la nation de Haitian, créateur de ses
établissements moraux, politiques et de Martial, le
premier a couronné le monarque du nouveau monde, le
défenseur de la foi, fondateur de la
commande royale et militaire de Saint-Henry ("by
the Grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the
State, King of Haiti, Sovereign of Tortuga, Gonâve and
other adjacent Islands, Destroyer of Tyranny,
Regenerator and Benefactor of the Haitian Nation,
Creator of her Moral, Political and Martial
Institutions, First Crowned Monarch of the New World,
Defender of the Faith, founder of the Royal and Military
Order of Saint-Henry");
(d) 26 Aug 1849 - 20 Sep 1849: Empereur d'Haïti ("Emperor
of Haiti");
(e) 20 Sep 1849 - 15 Jan 1859: Par la grâce de Dieu
et la Loi Constitutionnelle de l'État, Empereur
d'Haïti ("by the Grace of God and the
Constitutional Law of the State, Emperor of Haiti").
²30 Sep 1991 - 12 Oct 1994, Jean-Bertrand Aristide (s.a.) was recognized as legal President of Haiti in exile by the international community during military rule.
³During 1 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999, Parliament refused to accept two of President René Préval's nominees for the post prime minister, Ericq Pierre (b. 1944) and Hervé Denis (b. 1928 - d. 2002), the office therefore remained legally vacant.
Territorial Disputes: Snce 2004, about 8,000 peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) maintain civil order in Haiti; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims U.S.-administered Navassa Island.
Party abbreviations: CD = Convergence
Democratique (Democratic Convergence, 15-party
opposition alliance); FL = Fanmi Lavalas (Water
Fall Family, Aristide personalist, left-wing); FLP
= Fwon Lespwa (Front de l'espoir, [Hope Front],
coalition of left-wing groups from former ruling party
FL); OPL = Organisation de Peuple en Lutte
(Organization of Struggling People; to 1996 Organisation
Politique Lavalas [Water Fall Political Organization]);
RP = Repons Peyizan (Farmers'
Response); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: FNCD =
Front National pour le Changement et la Démocratie
(National Front for Change and Democracy, coalition); MIDH
= Mouvement pour l'Installation de la Démocratie au
Haïti (Movement for the Installation of Democracy in
Haiti); MOP = Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan (Worker
Peasant Movement); PN = Parti National (National
Party, populist, black dominated);
PL = Parti Liberal (Liberal Party,
conservative, Mulatto dominated); PUN = Partie
Nationale d'Unité (National Unity Party, Duvalier
personalist); RDNP = Rassemblement des
Démocrates Nationaux Progressifs (Rally of Progressive
National Democrats)
Department of the South
![[Department of the
South Haiti 1810]](haiti1810-12.gif)
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3 Nov
1810
Secession, Department of the South (Département
du Sud).
20 Mar
1812
Re-incorporation into Republic of Haiti.
General-in-Chief
3 Nov 1810 - 9 Jan 1811
Benoît-Joseph-André Rigaud
(b. 1761 - d. 1811)
Presidents of the Council
9 Jan 1811 - 18 Sep 1811
Benoît-Joseph-André Rigaud
(s.a.)
21 Sep 1811 - 20 Mar 1812 Jérôme-Maximilien
Borgella
(b. 1773 - d. 1842)
Republic of the North
![[Civil flag of Haiti]](ht.gif)
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25 Apr 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Republic of the North (République du Nord).
Provisional President
25 Apr 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Jean Nicholas
Nissage-Saget
(b. 1810 - d. 1880)
Southern State of Haiti
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of Haiti |
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8 May 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Southern State of Haiti (État Méridional d'Haïti).
President
8 May 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Michel
Domingue
(d. 1877)
Northern Republic
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27 Nov 1888 - 9 Oct 1889 Republic of Northern Haiti (République Septentrionale d'Haïti).
President of the Provisional Government
27 Nov 1888 - 9 Oct 1889 Louis Mondastin
Florvil Hyppolite (b. 1827 - d. 1896)
Artibonite
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19 Feb 2004 - 19 Mar 2004 Republic of Artibonite (République d'Artibonite).
President
19 Feb 2004 - 19 Mar 2004 Buteur
Métayer
(b. 1970? - d. 2005) FLRN
Party abbreviation: FLRN = Front pour
la Libération et la Reconstruction Nationales (National
Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haiti,
formerly Front de Résistance Artibonite [Revolutionary
Artibonite Resistance Front])
©2000 Ben Cahoon