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Ecuador
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![[Spanish War Ensign (1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif)
![[Ecuador 1820 Flag]](ec_guay.gif)
![[Ecuador 1822 Flag]](ec_1822.gif)
![[Ecuador March 1845 Flag]](ec_1845a.gif)
![[Ecuador - 6 November 1845 - 1860 Flag]](ec-1845b.gif)
![[Flag of Ecuador]](ec.gif)
![[(State) Flag of Ecuador]](ec2.gif)
Lieutenant-governors
1533 - 1538
Sebastián de Benalcázar (b. 1480 - d. 1551)
(or de Belalcázar)
9 Nov 1538 - 1540
Lorenzo de Aldana (acting) (d. 1571)
1
Dec 1540 - 1542 Gonzalo Pizarro
Alonso (b. c.1506
- d. 1548)
1542 - 1544
Cristóbal Vaca de Castro (b. c.1492 - d. 1566)
Jul 1546 - May 1547
Pedro de Puelles (d. 1547)
May 1547 - 1556
Rodrigo de Salazar
Governors
9 Sep 1556 - 1559
Gil Ramírez Dávalos (b. 1515 - d. ....)
7 Jul 1559 - 1563
Melchor Vásquez de Ávila
1563 - 1564
Juan Salazar de Villasante
6 Mar 1564 - Sep 1564 Alonso Manuel de Anaya
Governor/Presidents
18 Sep 1564 - 26 Jan 1568 Hernando de Santillán
(d. 1575)
26 Jan 1568 - 1571
Gabriel de Loarte
19 Jul 1571 - 1575
Lope Díez Aux de Armendáriz
8 Aug 1575 - 1578
Pedro García de Valverde
2 Jun 1578 - 1581 Diego de Narváez
1581 - 1587
Pedro Venegas de Cañaveral
1587
Francisco de Auncibay
2 Aug 1587 - 1593
Manuel Barros de San Millán
22 Mar 1593 - 1600
Esteban de Marañón
22 Jan 1600 - 29 Apr 1608 Miguel de Ibarra
(b. 1550 - d. 1608)
29 Apr 1608 - 1609
Diego de Armenteros y Henao
1609 - 1612
Juan Fernández de Recalde (d. 1612)
1612 - 1614
Matías de Peralta Cabeza de Vaca
30 Sep 1614 - 21 Jul 1636 Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay (d. 1636)
y López de Garfinas
(imprisoned 1625 - 18 Sep 1627)
1625 - 18 Sep 1627 Juan de Mañosca
(Inquisitor of the Tribunal of Lima)
1636 - 1637
Antonio Rodríguez de San Isidro
Manrique (1st time) (interim)
19 Sep 1637 - 1641
Alonso Pérez de Salazar (d. 1641)
1642 - 17 Dec 1644 Juan de
Lizárazu
(d. 1644)
17 Dec 1644 - 1646
Antonio Rodríguez de San Isidro (d. 1646)
Manrique (2nd time)(interim)
1646 - 1647
Alonso Ferrer de Ayala (provisional)
1647 - 1652
Martín de Arriola y Balerdi (d. 1652)
1652 - 1655
Juan Morales de Aramburu
5 Nov 1655 - 1661
Pedro Vázquez de Velasco
23 Jan 1662 - 1665
Antonio Fernández de Heredia (d.
1665)
1665 - 1670
Alonso Castillo de Herrera
20 Sep 1670 - 1673
Diego del Corro Carrascal (d. 1673)
Mar 1673 - 29 Jan 1678 Alonso de la Peña
y Montenegro, (b. 1596 - d. 1681)
obispo de Quito (interim)
29 Jan 1678 - 26 Apr 1689 Lope Antonio de Munive y Axpe, (d. 1689)
(from 1683) conde de Peña Florida
Apr 1689 - 10 Jan 1691 Miguel Antonio de Ormaza y Ponce (d. 1723)
de Léon (president of the Audiencia)
10 Jan 1691 - 1703
Mateo de la Mata Ponce de León (d. 1720)
18 Aug 1703 - 1707 Francisco López
Dicastillo
1 Mar 1707 - 1714 Juan de Sosaya
28 Jul 1715 - 1718
Santaigo de Larraín y Vicuña (1st time)(b. 1666 - d. 1748))
1718 - 26 Mar 1722 Audiencia suppressed
1722 - 1728
Santaigo de Larraín y Vicuña (2nd time)(s.a.)
20 Sep 1728 - 1736 Dionisio de Alcedo
y Herrera (b. 1690 - d. 1776)
19 Dec 1736 - 3 Jan 1744 José de Araujo y Río
1741
Francisco Miguel de Goyeneche
(did not take office)
3 Jan 1744 - 15 Mar 1745 Manuel Rubío de Arévalo (1st time)
(interim)
15 Mar 1745 - 22 Sep 1753 Fernando Félix Sánchez
de Orellana,
marqués de Solanda
22 Sep 1753 - 1761
Juan Pío de Montúfar y Fraso Porras (b. 1702 - d.
1761)
y del Corro, marqués de Selva Alegre
1761 - 1766
Manuel Rubío de Arévalo (2nd time)
Sep 1766 - 23 Jul 1767 Juan Antonio Zelaya
y Vergara
(interim)
23 Jul 1767 - 1778 José Angel Diguja y Quinoñes
(from 1777, Regent)
29 Sep 1778 - 1784
José Garíca de León y Pizarro
3 May 1784 - 1790
Juan Jose de Villalengua y Marfil
19 Apr 1790 - 1791
Juan Antonio Mon y Valarde Pardo
y Cienfuegos
13 Jul 1791 - 14 Dec 1798
Luis Antonio Muñoz de Guzmán Montero
de Espinosa
14 Dec 1798 - 10 Aug 1807 Francisco Luis Héctor de
(b. 1747 - d. 1807)
Carondelet de Novelles,
baron de Carondelet
10 Aug 1807 - Aug 1808 Juan Antonio Nieto (acting)
10 Aug 1808 - 1811
Manuel Ruíz y Urríez de Castilla y (d. 1812)
Cavero, conde de Ruíz de Castilla
(from 19 Sep 1810, chairman of Supreme Junta)
12
Aug 1809 - 22 Sep 1809 Juan Pío Montúfar y Larrea,
(b. 1758 - d. 1818)
marqués de Selva Alegre
(chairman of Supreme Junta; in opposition)
10 Oct 1810 - 1812 Joaquín Molina y Zuleta
1811 - Dec 1812 José Cuero y Caicedo
(chairman of Supreme Junta)
7 Nov 1812 - 1816
Toribio Montes
26 Jul 1816 - 1819
Juan Ramírez de Orozco
1819 - Nov 1821 Melchor de Aymerich y Villajuana (b. 1754 - d. 1836)
(1st time)
23 Nov 1821 - 8 Apr 1822 Juan de la Cruz Mourgeón y Achet
(d. 1822)
8 Apr 1822 - 24 May 1822 Melchor de Aymerich y Villajuana (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Guayaquil
|
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9 Oct 1820 Independence (Province of Guayaquil).
31 Jul 1822 Incorporation into Gran Colombia (see Colombia).
13 May 1830 Part of State of the South of Colombia (Ecuador).
Political Chief
9 Oct 1820 - 14 Oct 1820 José Joaquín
Eufrasio de Olmedo (b. 1780 - d. 1847)
y Maruri
Presidents of the Governing Junta
14 Oct 1820 - 8 Nov 1820 Gregorio Escobedo y Rodríguez
de
Olmedo (provisional)
8 Nov 1820 - 13 Jul 1822 José Joaquín
Eufrasio de Olmedo (s.a.)
y Maruri
13 Jul 1822 - 31 Jul 1822 Simón José Antonio
de la Santísima (b. 1783 - d. 1830)
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
Cuenca
1557
Cuenca founded by Spain.
3 Nov 1820
Independence (Free Province of Cuenca).
11 Apr 1822
Incorporation into Gran Colombia (see Colombia).
13 May 1830
Part of State of the South of Colombia (Ecuador).
Political Chief
3 Nov 1820 - 15 Nov 1820 José María Vásquez
de Noboa y (b. c.1780 - d. 18..)
López de Artiga
President of the Supreme Governing Junta
15 Nov 1820 - 11 Apr 1822 José María Vásquez
de Noboa y (s.a.)
López de Artiga
Ecuador
- 13 May 1830 State of the South of Colombia
- 22 Sep 1830 State of Ecuador (literally "State of the Equator").
- 8 Aug 1835 Republic of Ecuador
- Chief of State
- 13 May 1830 - 22 Sep 1830 Juan José Flores (b. 1800 - d. 1864) PC
- (Head of Administration to 14 Aug 1830)
- Presidents
- 22 Sep 1830 - 10 Sep 1834 Juan José Flores (1st time) (s.a.) PC
- 10 Sep 1834 - 31 Jan 1839 Vicente Rocafuerte y Rodríguez (b. 1783 - d. 1847) PL
- de Bexarano (Supreme Chief of the Department
- of the Guayas in rebellion 20 Oct 1833 - Jul 1834)
- 13 Jul 1834 - 18 Jan 1835 José Félix Valdivieso y (b. 1780 - d. 1856)
- Valdivieso (Supreme Chief, in rebellion)
- 31 Jan 1839 - 18 Jun 1845 Juan José Flores (2nd time) (s.a.) PC
- (interim 18 Jan - 1 Apr 1843)
- 18 Jun 1845 - 8 Dec 1845 José Joaquín Eufrasio de Olmedo (s.a.) PL
- y Mururi (President of the Provisional Government;
- in rebellion from 6 Mar 1845)
- 8 Dec 1845 - 15 Oct 1849 Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez (b. 1792 - d. 1858) PL
- 15 Oct 1849 - 10 Jun 1850 Manuel de Ascásubi y Matheu (b. 1804 - d. 1876) PL
- (1st time) (acting)
- 17 Jun 1850 - 1850 Antonio de Elizalde y La Mar (b. 1795 - d. 1862) Mil
- (Supreme Chief, in rebellion)
- 10 Jun 1850 - 17 Jul 1851 Diego María de Noboa y Arteta (b. 1789 - d. 1870) PC
- (Supreme Chief [in rebellion from 20 Feb 1850] to 8 Dec 1850;
- interim 8 Dec 1850 - 26 Feb 1851)
- 17 Jul 1851 - 16 Oct 1856 José María Mariano Segundo (b. 1808 - d. 1891) PL
- Fernández de Urvina Viteri
- (Supreme Chief [in rebellion from 13 Jul 1851]
- to 17 Jul 1852; interim 17 Jul - 6 Sep 1852)
- 16 Oct 1856 - 17 Sep 1859 Francisco Robles García (b. 1811 - d. 1893) PL
- 1 May 1859 - 4 Jun 1859 Provisional Government (in rebellion)
- - Gabriel Gregorio García Moreno (b. 1821 - d. 1875) PC
- (from 25 May 1859)
- - Manuel Gómez de la Torre (b. 1814 - d. 1887)
- Gangotena (to 25 May 1859)
- - José María Avilés Pareja (b. 1816 - d. 1874)
- (acting)
- - Pacífico Chiriboga Borja (b. 1811 - d. 1886)
- 6 May 1859 - 1859 Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio (b. 1804 - d. 1873) PC
- (acting; in rebellion)
- 17 Sep 1859 - 31 Aug 1865 Gabriel Gregorio García Moreno (s.a.) PC
- (1st time) (Supreme Chief [in rebellion from 4 Jun 1859]
- to 17 Jan 1861; interim 17 Jan 1861 - 2 Apr 1865)
- 17 Sep 1859 - 24 Sep 1860 Guillermo Pablo Franco Herrera (b. 1811 - d. 1886) Mil
- (Supreme Chief of Guayas and Azuay, in rebellion)
- 31 Aug 1865 - 7 Sep 1865 Rafael Carvajal Guzmán (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1881) PC
- 7 Sep 1865 - 6 Nov 1867 Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio (s.a.) PC
- 6 Nov 1867 - 20 Jan 1868 Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto (b. 1797 - d. 1873) PC
- (acting)
- 20 Jan 1868 - 19 Jan 1869 José Manuel Francisco Javier (b. 1815 - d. 1870) PC
- Espinosa y Espinosa de los Monteros
- 19 Jan 1869 - 16 May 1869 Gabriel Gregorio García Moreno (s.a.) PC
- (2nd time) (interim)
- 16 May 1869 - 10 Aug 1869 Manuel de Ascásubi y Matheu (s.a.) PC
- (2nd time) (acting)
- 10 Aug 1869 - 6 Aug 1875 Gabriel Gregorio García Moreno (s.a.) PC
- (3rd time)
- 6 Aug 1875 - 6 Oct 1875 Francisco Javier León y Chiriboga (b. 1832 - d. 1880) PC
- (acting)
- 6 Oct 1875 - 1875 José Javier Eguiguren Ríofrío (b. 1816 - d. 1884) PC
- (acting)
- 1875 - 9 Dec 1875 Rafael Pólit Cevallos (b. 1823 - d. 1897) PC
- 9 Dec 1875 - 18 Dec 1876 Antonio María Vicente Narciso (b. 1827 - d. 1911) Non-party/PL
- Borrero y Cortázar
- 19 Dec 1876 - 9 Jul 1883 Mario Ignacio Francisco Tomás (b. 1828 - d. 1908) Mil/PC
- Antonio de Veintemilla y Villacís
- (Supreme Chief [in rebellion from 8 Sep 1876] to 26 Jan
-
1878; interim to 31 Mar 1878; then again Supreme Chief
from 26 Mar 1882) - Feb 1883 - 11 Oct 1883 José Eloy Alfaro Delgado (b. 1842 - d. 1912) PL
- (1st time)
- (Supreme Chief of Manabí and Esmeraldas, in rebellion)
- 9 Jul 1883 - 11 Oct 1883 Provisional Government
- (in rebellion from 14 Jan 1883)
- - José María Sarasti y Guevara (b. 1837 - d. 1936) Mil
- - Pedro Ignacio Lizarzaburu Borja (b. 1834 - d. 1902) Mil
- - Agustín Guerrero Lizarzaburu (b. 1817 - d. 1902) Mil
- - Luis Cordero Crespo (b. 1833 - d. 1912) PL
- (from 14 Feb 1883)
- - Pablo Herrera Egas (b. 1820 - d. 1896)
- (to 14 Feb 1883)
- - Rafael Pérez Pareja (d. 1897)
- 17 Sep 1883 - 11 Oct 1883 Pedro José Carbo y Noboa (b. 1813 - d. 1895) PL
- (Supreme Chief of Guayas, in rebellion)
- 11 Oct 1883 - 15 Oct 1883 Ramón Antonio Borrero y Cortázar (b. 1824 - d. 1894) PC
- (Vice President of the National Convention)
- 15 Oct 1883 - 23 Nov 1883 Rafael Pérez Pareja (acting) (s.a.) PC
- 23 Nov 1883 - 1 Jul 1888 José María Plácido de la Trinidad (b. 1837 - d. 1901) PP
- Caamaño y Gómez Cornejo
- (interim to 10 Feb 1884)
- 1 Jul 1888 - 17 Aug 1888 Pedro José Cevallos Salvador (b. 1830 - d. 1892) PP
- 17 Aug 1888 - 1 Jul 1892 Antonio Flores Jijón (b. 1833 - d. 1915) PP
- 1 Jul 1892 - 16 Apr 1895 Luis Cordero Crespo (s.a.) PP
- 16 Apr 1895 - 23 Aug 1895 Vicente Lucio Salazar y Cabal (b. 1832 - d. 1896) PP
- (acting)
- 5 Jun 1895 - 19 Jun 1895 Ignacio Robles y Santistevan
- (Superior Civil and Military Chief
- of Guayas, in rebellion)
- 23 Aug 1895 - 1 Sep 1901 José Eloy Alfaro Delgado (b. 1842 - d. 1912) PLR
- (1st time)(Supreme Head to 16 Apr 1896;
- interim president 16 Apr 1896 - 13 Jan 1897)
- 1 Sep 1901 - 1 Sep 1905 Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez (b. 1865 - d. 1932) PLR
- (1st time)
- 1 Sep 1905 - 16 Jan 1906 Lizardo García Sorroza (b. 1842 - d. 1927) PLR
- 16 Jan 1906 - 12 Aug 1911 José Eloy Alfaro Delgado (s.a.) PLR/UR
- (2nd time)
- (Supreme Head to 9 Oct 1906; interim
- president 9 Oct 1906 - 1 Jan 1907)
- 12 Aug 1911 - 1 Sep 1911 Carlos Freile Zaldumbide (b. 1851 - d. 1926) PL
- (1st time) (acting)
- 1 Sep 1911 - 22 Dec 1911 Emilio Estrada y Carmona (b. 1855 - d. 1911) PL
- 22 Dec 1911 - 6 Mar 1912 Carlos Freile Zaldumbide (s.a.) PL
- (acting) (2nd time)
- 22 Dec 1911 - 22 Jan 1912 Flavio Eloy Alfaro Santana (b. 1866 - d. 1912)
- (in rebellion)
- 30 Dec 1911 - 22 Jan 1912 Pedro Jacinto Montero Maridueña (b. 1862 - d. 1912) Mil
- (in rebellion)
- 6 Mar 1912 - 10 Aug 1912 Francisco Higinio Andrade Marín (b. 1841 - d. 1935) PL
- y Rivadeneira (acting)
- 10 Aug 1912 - 1 Sep 1912 Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (b. 1859 - d. 1951) PLR
- (1st time) (acting)
- 1 Sep 1912 - 1 Sep 1916 Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez (s.a.) PLR
- (2nd time)
- 1 Sep 1916 - 1 Sep 1920 Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (s.a.) PLR
- (2nd time)
- 1 Sep 1920 - 1 Sep 1924 José Luis Tamayo Terán (b. 1858 - d. 1947) PLR
- 1 Sep 1924 - 9 Jul 1925 Gonzalo Segundo Córdova y Rivera (b. 1863 - d. 1928) PLR
- 9 Jul 1925 - 10 Jul 1925 Luis Telmo Paz y Miño Estrella (b. 1884 - d. 19..) Mil
- (chairman Supreme Military Junta)
- 10 Jul 1925 - 10 Jan 1926 Provisional Government Junta
- (chair rotating weekly)
- - Luis Enrique Napoleón Dillon (b. 1875 - d. 1929) PL/Non-party
- Cabezas
- - Pedro Pablo Garaycoa Cabanilla (b. 1874 - d. 1936) PL/Non-party
- - Moisés Oliva Ojeda (d. 1926) Mil
- (to 14 Jul 1925)
- - Francisco Gómez de la Torre (b. 1885 - d. 19..) Mil
- Zaldumbide (to 24 Oct 1925)
- - José Rafael Bustamante Cevallos (b. 1881 - d. 1961) PL/Non-party
- (to 22 Dec 1925)
- - José Modesto Larrea Jijón (b. 1890 - d. 1957) Non-party
- (from 13 Jul 1925)
- - Francisco José Boloña Rolando (b. 1882 - d. 19..) Non-party
- (from 13 Jul 1925)
- - Francisco Arízaga Luque (b. 1900 - d. 1964) PL/Non-party
- (from 14 Jul 1925)
- 10 Jan 1926 - 10 Mar 1926 Humberto Albornoz Sánchez (b. 1894 - d. 1959) Non-party
- (chairman Provisional Government Junta)
- 10 Mar 1926 - 1 Apr 1926 Julio Enrique Moreno Peñaherrera (b. 1879 - d. 1952) Non-party
- (chairman Provisional Government Junta)
- (1st time)
- 1 Apr 1926 - 24 Aug 1931 Isidro Ayora Cueva (b. 1879 - d. 1978) CL
- (provisional to 10 Oct 1928;
- interim 10 Oct 1928 - 17 Apr 1929)
- 24 Aug 1931 - 15 Oct 1931 Luis Alberto Larrea Alba (acting) (b. 1895 - d. 1980) Mil
- 15 Oct 1931 - 27 Aug 1932 Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (s.a.) PL
- (3rd time)(acting)
- 27 Aug 1932 - 2 Sep 1932 Carlos Eduardo Freile Larrea (b. 1876 - d. 1942) VR
- (acting)
- 2 Sep 1932 - 5 Dec 1932 Alberto Guerrero Martínez (acting) (b. 1878 - d. 1941) PL
- 5 Dec 1932 - 20 Oct 1933 Juan de Dios Martínez Mera (b. 1875 - d. 1955) UR
- 20 Oct 1933 - 1 Sep 1934 Abelardo Montalvo Alvear (acting) (b. 1876 - d. 1950) PLR
- 1 Sep 1934 - 21 Aug 1935 José María Velasco Ibarra (b. 1893 - d. 1979) AD
- (1st time)
- 21 Aug 1935 - 26 Sep 1935 Antonio Pons Campuzano (acting) (b. 1897 - d. 1980) PLR
- 26 Sep 1935 (hours) Benigno Andrade Flores Mil
- (chairman military junta)
- 26 Sep 1935 - 23 Oct 1937 Federico Páez Chiriboga (b. 1876 - d. 1974) Non-party
- (acting head of state to 10 Aug 1937, then interim president)
- 23 Oct 1937 - 10 Aug 1938 Gil Alberto Enríquez Gallo (b. 1893 - d. 1962) Mil
- (Supreme Head of State)
- 10 Aug 1938 - 2 Dec 1938 Manuel María José del Espíritu (b. 1883 - d. 1975) PL
- Santo Borrero González (interim)
- 2 Dec 1938 - 17 Nov 1939 Aurelio Mosquera Narváez (b. 1883 - d. 1939) PL
- 17 Nov 1939 - 11 Dec 1939 Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (b. 1893 - d. 1969) PL
- (1st time) (acting)
- 11 Dec 1939 - 10 Aug 1940 Andrés Fernández de Córdova Nieto (b. 1892 - d. 1983) PL
- (acting)
- 10 Aug 1940 - 1 Sep 1940 Julio Enrique Moreno Peñaherrera (s.a.) Non-party
- (acting)(2nd time)
- 1 Sep 1940 - 29 May 1944 Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (s.a.) PLR
- (2nd time)
- 29 May 1944 - 31 May 1944 Julio Teodoro Salem Gallegos (b. 1909) AD
- (rotating chairman of the Political Bureau of Alianza
- Democrática Ecuatoriana, in charge of the executive power)
- 31 May 1944 - 23 Aug 1947 José María Velasco Ibarra (s.a.) AD
- (2nd time)
- 23 Aug 1947 - 2 Sep 1947 Carlos Mancheno Cajas (acting) (b. 1902 - d. 1996) Mil
- 2 Sep 1947 - 15 Sep 1947 Mariano Suárez Veintimilla (b. 1897 - d. 1980) PCE
- 15 Sep 1947 - 1 Sep 1948 Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola (b. 1894 - d. 1952) Non-party
- 1 Sep 1948 - 1 Sep 1952 Galo Plaza Lasso (b. 1906 - d. 1987) PL
- 1 Sep 1952 - 1 Sep 1956 José María Velasco Ibarra (s.a.) FNV
- (3rd time)
- 1 Sep 1956 - 1 Sep 1960 Camilo Ponce Enríquez (b. 1912 - d. 1976) PC
- 1 Sep 1960 (hours) Francisco Illingworth Icaza (b. 1905 - d. 1982) PC
- (vice-president, acting)
- 1 Sep 1960 - 7 Nov 1961 José María Velasco Ibarra (s.a.) FVN
- (4th time)
- 7 Nov 1961 - 11 Jul 1963 Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy (b. 1919 - d. 2004) PNR
- 8 Nov 1961 (hours) Camilo Gallegos Toledo (b. 1895 - d. 1986) Non-party
- (in rebellion)
- 11 Jul 1963 - 29 Mar 1966 Ramón Castro Jijón (b. 1915 - d. 1984) Mil
- (chairman military junta)
- 29 Mar 1966 (hours) Telmo O. Vargas Mil
- (Chief of Staff of Armed Forces)
- 29 Mar 1966 - 16 Nov 1966 Clemente Yerovi Indaburu (interim) (b. 1904 - d. 1981) Non-party
- 16 Nov 1966 - 1 Sep 1968 Otto Arosemena Gómez (interim) (b. 1925 - d. 1984) CID
- 1 Sep 1968 - 15 Feb 1972 José María Velasco Ibarra (s.a.) FNV
- (5th time)
- 15 Feb 1972 - 11 Jan 1976 Guillermo A. Rodríguez Lara (b. 1923) Mil
- 11 Jan 1976 - 10 Aug 1979 Alfredo Ernesto Poveda Burbano (b. 1926 - d. 1990) Mil
- (chairman Supreme Council)
- 10 Aug 1979 - 24 May 1981 Jaime Roldós Aguilera (b. 1940 - d. 1981) CFP
- 24 May 1981 - 10 Aug 1984 Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea (b. 1939) DP-UDC
- 10 Aug 1984 - 10 Aug 1988 León Esteban Febres Cordero (b. 1931 - d. 2008) PSC
- Ribadeneyra
- 10 Aug 1988 - 10 Aug 1992 Rodrigo Borja Cevallos (b. 1935) ID
- 10 Aug 1992 - 10 Aug 1996 Sixto Alfonso Durán-Ballén (b. 1921) PUR
- Cordovez
- 10 Aug 1996 - 6 Feb 1997 Abdalá Jaime Bucaram Ortiz (b. 1952) PRE
- 6 Feb 1997 - 9 Feb 1997 Fabián Ernesto Alarcón Rivera (b. 1947) FRA
- (1st time) (interim)
- 9 Feb 1997 - 11 Feb 1997 Rosalía Arteaga Serrano de (b. 1956) MIAR
- Fernández de Córdova (f)(acting)
- 11 Feb 1997 - 10 Aug 1998 Fabián Ernesto Alarcón Rivera (s.a.) FRA
- (2nd time) (interim)
- 10 Aug 1998 - 21 Jan 2000 Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt (b. 1949) DP-UDC
- 21 Jan 2000 Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa (b. 1957) Mil
- (1st time)
- 21 Jan 2000 - 22 Jan 2000 Council of State ("Junta of National Salvation")
- - Carlos Mendoza Poveda Mil
- - Carlos Antonio Vargas Guatatuca (b. 1958) CONAIE
- - Carlos Solórzano Constantine (b. 1939) Non-party
- 22 Jan 2000 - 15 Jan 2003 Gustavo Noboa Bejarano (b. 1937) DP-UDC
- 15 Jan 2003 - 20 Apr 2005 Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa (s.a.) PSP
- (2nd time)
- 20 Apr 2005 - 15 Jan 2007 Luis Alfredo Palacio González (b.
1939)
DP
15 Jan 2007 - Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado
(b. 1963)
AP
Territorial Dispute: Organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia penetrate across Ecuador's shared border, which thousands of Colombians also cross to escape the violence in their home country.
ID = Izquierda Democrática (Democratic Left, leftist-moderate); MIAR = Movimiento Independiente Auténtico de la República (Authentic Independent Republic Movement, center-left); PCE = Partido Conservador Ecuatoriano (Ecuadorian Conservative Party);
PRE = Partido Roldosista Ecuatoriana (Ecuadorian Roldosist Party, populist); PSP = Partido Sociedad Patriótica 21 de Enero (Party Patriotic Society 21 January, socialist); PSC = Partido Social Cristiano (Social-Christian Party, conservative); PUR = Partido Unión Republicano (Republican Union Party); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AD = Allianza Democratica (Democratic Alliance); CL = Contra-Liberal (Anti-Liberal); DP = Democracia Popular (Popular Democracy, center-left, renamed DP-UDC);
FNV = Federación Nacional Velasquista (National Velasquista Federation, 1967-1972, Velasco personalist); FRA = Frente Radical Alfarista (Alfarista Radical Front, liberal, later renamed Union Alfarista); MCDN = Movimiento Cívico Democrático Nacional (National Democratic Civic Movement); PC = Partido Conservador (Conservative Party, later PCE); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party, later divided into PLR and liberal moderate parties); PLR = Partido Liberal Radical Ecuatoriano (Eduadorian Radical Liberal Party); PNR = Partido Nacionalista Revolucionario (National Revolutionary Party); PP = Partido Progresista (Progressive Party, liberal Catholics); UR = Unión Republicana (Republican Union); VR = Vanguardia Socialista Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Socialist Vanguard)
Galapagos Islands
![[Flag of Galapagos (Ecuador)]](ec-w.gif)
Adopted 1961 Galapagos Flag
|
|
Moreno (Floreana 1832-51, 1861-85) |
"Hymno de Galápagos" (Hymn of the Galapagos) |
|
4 May 1493
By Treaty of Tordesillas the region made a possession of Spain.
10 Mar 1535
Spanish under Tomás de Berlanga, Bishop of Panama discover
the islands.
1535 - 1832
No-man's land (terra nullis), frequently visited by pirates
whalers and merchant ships and are nicknamed the
Las Islas Encantadas ("Enchanted/Bewitched Islands").
1574
Named Insulae de los Galopegos ("Islands of the Tortoises")
on a map by Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius.
1593 - 1710
Islands frequently used as a base by pirates.
1684
English pirate William Ambrose Cowley names the main islands:
Chatham (San Cristóbal), Hood (Española),
Charles or
Floreana (Santa Maria), Narborough (Isabela), Jervis
(Rábida), Santa Cruz (Indefatigable), South Seymour
(Baltra),
and Tower (Genovesa).
1790
First scientific expedition under Alessandro Malaspina
sent
to the islands by King Charles IV of Spain.
1793 - 1870
Islands frequented by whale and seal hunting ships.
1807 - 1809
Floreana inhabited by castaway Patrick Watkins.
17 Apr 1813 - 3 Oct 1813 U.S. Capt. David Porter of
U.S.S.
Essex uses the islands
as a base to destroy most of local British whaling fleet.
12 Feb 1832
Annexed by Ecuador as a territory and named Archipiélago
del Ecuador (Archipelago of Ecuador).
15 Sep 1835 - 20 Oct 1835 Islands visited by Charles Darwin
on the H.M.S. Beagle.
16 Feb 1840
Spain formally renounces its claim to the islands.
1869 - 1904
San Cristobál used as a penal colony.
29 May 1861 - 1885
Galápagos Islands elevated to a province.
1885
Status and name changed to Columbus Archipelago Insular
Territory
(Territorio Insular del Archipiélago de Colón),
subordinated to Guayas province.
12 Oct 1892
Islands are officially renamed Archipiélago de Colón.
31 Aug 1934
Galápagos Islands declared a national preserve.
1942 - 1946
U.S. Air Force Base on Baltra Island.
4 Jul 1959
Most of the Galápagos Islands become a national park
(minus previously settled areas).
17 Dec 1957 - 1959
Galápagos Islands a province.
18 Feb 1973
Galápagos territory made a province.
8
Sep 1978
Declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO.
Military Governors and Territorial Chiefs
12 Feb 1832 - 1 Oct 1832 Ignacio Hernández (acting)
1 Oct 1832 - 1837
José de Villamil (1st time)
(b. 1789 - d. 1866)
1837 - 6 May 1841
José Williams
1842 - 184.
José de Villamil (2nd time)
(s.a.)
184. - 1852
Mena
(d. 1852)
1852 - 1861 ....
Governors
1861 - 1885 ....
Military Governors and Territorial Chiefs
1870
- 23 Jul 1878
José Valdizán
(d. 1878)
(tenant on Floreana)
1878 - 15 Jan 1904
Manuel Julián Cobos
(d. 1904)
(tenant on San Cristóbal)
.... - 15 Jan 1904
Leonardo Reina
15 Jan 1904 - 19 Jan 1904 Elías Puertas
c.1905
Plaza
.... - ....
Pedro P. Jaramillo
.... - ....
Federico Irigoyen
.... - ....
Antonio Gil Sr.
.... - ....
Marco Aurelio Calderón
.... - ....
Tácito Núñez
.... - ....
Juan Elías Pareja
.... - ....
Leonardo Reina
.... - ....
Juan J. F. Pino
.... - ....
Domingo E. Ramos
19.. - 1921
Antonio Gil, Jr.
1921 - 1930
Enrique Gil
+ Carlos Gil
(d. 1960's)
c.1925
Enrique Ribadeneira
1930 - 19..
....
19.. - 1933
Paredes
1933 - 193.
Manuel Tomás Aguilera
c.1937 - 1939
Carlos Puente
1939 - 1941 Alejandro M. Alvear
c.1946 Enrique Vallejo Carranza
c.1952/53
Alsacio Northía
Governors
1957 - 1959 ....
Military Governors and Territorial Chiefs
1959 - 1960
Bolívar Naveda
1960 - Sep 1960
Alberto García
Sep 1960 - 1960
Segundo Zapata
1960 - Nov 1961
Enrique Vallejo
Nov 1961 - Jul 1963 Antonio
Ledesma
Jul 1963 - 1964
Fausto Alvear
1966 - 19..
Norberto Paredes
19.. - 1973 ....
Governors
1973 - 1981 ....
1981 - 19..
Freddy Herrera
1999? - 2003
Fabián Parra Criollo
2003 - 2005
Alexandra Cedeño Martinez (f)
5 May 2005 - Dec 2005 Grace Elizabeth
Unda Romero (f)
Dec 2005 - 2007 Edgar Eduardo Sanchez Paredes
18 Jan 2007 - 2007 Galo Salomón Herrera Estrella
9 Aug 2007 – 18 Sep 2008 Eliecer Cruz Bedón
(b. 1965)
18 Sep 2008 – Jorge Alfredo Torres Pallo
©2000 Ben Cahoon