Andorra
 

to 1806

1806 - 1866

Adopted 1866            (officially from 20 Jun 1996)

Adopted 1866 Civil Flag

Map of Andorra Hear National Anthem "El Gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne) Text of National Anthem  Adopted 8 Sep 1921 Constitution  (28 Apr 1993) ----------------------- Plan of Reform (31 May 1866-28 Apr 1993) Capital: Andorra la Vella Currency: Euro (EUR) ; to 1 Jan 2002 French Franc  (FRF) and  Spanish Peseta  (ESP) National Holiday: 8 Sep (1278) Our Lady of Meritxell Day Population: 82,627 (2008) GDP: $3.66 billion (2007) Exports: $117.1 million (2007) Imports: $1.789 billion (2007) Ethnic groups: Spanish 37.4%, Andorran 35.7%, Portuguese 13%, French 6.6%, British 1.3%,  Moroccan 0.7%, Argentine 0.5%, other 4.8% (2005) Total Police Force: 240 (2007) Defense is the Responsibility of France and Spain Merchant marine: None (2008) Religions: Roman Catholic 89.1%, other Christian 4.3%, Muslim 0.6%, Hindu 0.5%, non-religious 5%,  other 0.5% (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: APM, CE, CTBT, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISA (observer), ITU, LU, NPT, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, SEGIB, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer) Andorra Chronology 803                        Part of the Kingdom of the Franks. 988                        Territory donated to the Bishop of Urgel as a                               feudal domain by the Frankish king.  8 Sep 1278                Principality of Andorra independent, sovereignty                               shared between the Count of Foix (and later                              Kings of Navarre) and the Bishop of Urgel (in                               Aragon, later Spain)(Les Valls i Suzeranitats                              d'Andorra)(confirmed 6 Dec 1288).  1396 - 1396                Occupied by Aragón. 1512 - 1513                Occupied by Aragón.  2 Aug 1589                The County of Foix and Kingdom of Navarre become                              part of the French crown lands; the title of                               Andorran Co-prince held by the head of state                              of France from this period. 1793 - 27 Mar 1806         French Republic renounces position of Co-prince. 26 Jan 1812 -  1 Dec 1813  Annexed by France (part of département                              of Sègre [from 7 Mar 1813 Sègre-Ter] département                              see under Catalonia; the Catalan valley of                               Aran is attached to the département of                              Haute-Garonne) - the Val d'Aran is returned to                              to Spain in Mar 1815. 30 May 1814                Former status confirmed by Treaty of Paris. 18 Aug 1933 -  9 Oct 1933  Occupied by French gendarmes, ending republican                              agitation.  7 Jul 1934 - 20 Jul 1934  Adventurer Boris Skossyreff (Skosyrev)(b. 1900 -                              d. 1989) proclaims himself sovereign prince of                              Andorra and regent for the (absent) king of                              France (príncep de les Valls d'Andorra i                              iloctinent de Sa Majestat el rei de França),                              while in Barcelona and Urgel exile. Jul 1936 - Oct 1940        French gendarmes garrison Andorra during the                              Spanish civil war. 16 Jun 1940 - 14 Sep 1944  French Veguer loyal to Vichy France (from                              14 Sep 1944, Free French); on 24 Sep 1940 Marshal                              Pétain assumes the style of Co-prince. 28 Apr 1993                Principality of Andorra (Principat d'Andorra).

Co-princes (Bishops of Urgel¹)
 8 Sep 1278 - 12 Jan 1293  Pere d'Urtx (Pedro de Urgio)       (d. 1293)
19 Dec 1295 -  3 Nov 1308  Guillem de Montcada (Montechateno) (d. 1308)
29 Jul 1309 - 12 May 1326  Ramon Trebaylla                    (d. 1326)
27 Jun 1326 -  3 Oct 1341  Arnau Guillem de Llordà            (d. 1341)
17 Dec 1341 - 1344         Pere de Narbona                    (d. 1344?)
13 Jun 1348 - 17 Dec 1350  Niccolò Capocci dei Monti          (d. 1368)
25 Oct 1351 - 20 Feb 1361  Hugó Desbach                       (d. 1361)
12 Jan 1362 - Jul 1364     Guillem Arnau i de Patau           (d. 1364)
10 Feb 1365 - 1370         Pere de Luna                       (d. 1370)
20 Sep 1370 - May 1387     Berenguer d'Erill i de Pallars     (d. 1387)
11 Mar 1388 - 15 Apr 1415  Galcerand de Vilanova              (d. 1415)
15 Nov 1415 - 14 Apr 1436  Francesc de Tovia                  (d. 1436)
19 Jul 1437 - 16 Aug 1461  Arnau Roger de Pallars             (d. 1461)
14.. - 14 Dec 1457         Miquel d'Epila
                             (in dispute over the See)
23 Sep 1461 -  1 Dec 1466  Jaume de Cardona i de Gandia       (d. 1466)
27 Nov 1467 - 11 Dec 1472  Roderic de Borja i Escrivà         (b. 1431 - d. 1503)
                             Fenollet i Procida                 
11 Dec 1472 -  8 Jan 1515  Pere Folc de Cardona i d'Urgell    (d. 1530)
18 Apr 1515 - 24 Oct 1530  Joan d'Espés                       (d. 1530)
24 Oct 1530 - 15 May 1532  Vacant
15 May 1532 - 10 Jan 1533  Pere Jordà de Urríes               (d. 1533)
 8 Jun 1534 - 26 Oct 1551  Francesc Jordà de Urríes           (d. 1551) 
26 Oct 1551 - 22 Oct 1552  Joan Punyet, bisbe de Cirene       (d. 1552) 
                             (apostolic administrator)
22 Oct 1552 - 13 Apr 1556  Miquel Despuig                     (d. 1559)
24 Apr 1556 - 23 Sep 1560  Joan Pérez García de Oliván        (d. 1560)
 8 Aug 1561 -  1 Feb 1571  Pere de Castellet                  (d. 1571)
 9 Jun 1572 -  4 Jul 1576  Joan Dimes Lloris                  (d. 1598)
 4 Jul 1576 - 21 Feb 1578  Vacant
21 Feb 1577 - 23 Aug 1579  Miquel Jeroni Morell               (d. 1579)
 9 May 1580 -  8 Dec 1586  Hugó de Montcada i Cardona Tolca i (d. 1586)
                             Manrique de Lara               
 8 Dec 1586 - 29 Jan 1588  Vacant
29 Jan 1588 - 22 Sep 1609  Andreu Capella                     (b. 1529 - d. 1609)
 7 Jul 1610 - 24 Feb 1620  Bernat de Salbà i de Salbà         (b. 1553 - d. 1620) 
24 Feb 1620 -  2 Aug 1622  Vacant
 2 Aug 1622 -  3 Jan 1627  Luís Díes Aux de Armendáriz        (b. 1571 - d. 1627)
 3 Sep 1627 - 21 Feb 1632  Antoni Maxó i Pérez                (b. 1563 - d. 1637)
21 Feb 1632 -  7 May 1634  Vacant
 7 May 1634 - 18 Feb 1651  Pau Duran                          (d. 1651)
18 Feb 1651 - 23 Jun 1660  Vacant
23 Jun 1660 - Jan 1664     Joan Manuel de Espinosa            (d. 1679) 
 9 Sep 1664 - 29 Apr 1670  Melcior de Palau i Boscà           (b. c.1600 - d. 1670)
 5 May 1671 - 16 Mar 1681  Pere de Copons i de Teixidor       (b. 1620 - d. 1681)
16 Mar 1681 - 13 Jun 1682  Vacant
13 Jun 1682 - 16 Aug 1688  Joan Baptista Desbach i Martorell  (b. 1617 - d. 1688)
 8 Jul 1689 - 10 Oct 1694  Oleguer de Montserrat i Rufet      (b. 1618 - d. 1694)
10 Oct 1694 -  4 Jul 1695  Vacant
 4 Jul 1695 - 17 Jan 1714  Julià Cano i Thebar                (b. 1646 - d. 1719)
17 Sep 1714 - 27 Aug 1737  Simeó de Guinda y Apéztegui        (b. 1669 - d. 1737)
 5 May 1738 - 12 May 1747  Jordi Curado y Torreblanca         (b. 1682 - d. 1749)
15 May 1747 -  2 Oct 1756  Sebastià Josep de Victoria de      (b. 1683 - d. 1756)
                             Emparán y de Loyola 
 6 May 1757 -  8 Sep 1762  Francesc Josep Catalán de Ocón     (b. 1701 - d. 1762)
10 May 1763 - 22 Apr 1771  Francesc Fernández de Xátiva y     (b. 1704 - d. 1771)
                             Contreras 
 7 Jan 1772 - 15 May 1779  Joaquín de Santiyán y Valdivielso  (b. 1733 - d. 1783)
27 Nov 1780 - 23 May 1783  Joan de García y Montenegro        (b. 1716 - d. 1783)
31 Mar 1785 -  8 Dec 1795  Josep de Boltas i Vélez            (b. 1738 - d. 1795)
29 Oct 1797 - 23 Sep 1816  Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y      (b. 1753 - d. 1821)
                             Cisneros 
28 Jul 1817 - 27 Sep 1824  Bernat Francès y Caballero         (b. 1774 - d. 1843)
20 Dec 1824 - 22 May 1827  Isidor Bonifaci López y Pulido     (b. 1774 - d. 1827)
 4 Nov 1828 - 22 Aug 1851  Simó Rojas de Guardiola i          (b. 1773 - d. 1851)
                             Hortoneda
10 Mar 1853 - 26 Aug 1879  Josep Caixal i Estradé             (b. 1803 - d. 1879)
26 Aug 1879 - 24 Sep 1901  Salvador d'Horta Casañas i Pagès   (b. 1834 - d. 1908)
                             (apostolic administrator acting to
                             22 Sep 1879 and from 27 Jul 1901)
24 Sep 1901 - 27 Dec 1901  Ramon Riu i Cabanes                (b. 1853 - d. 1901)
 2 Jan 1902 - 10 Sep 1902  Toribio Martín (acting)            (b. 1874 - d. 19..)
                             (apostolic vicar)
10 Sep 1902 -  6 Dec 1906  Joan Josep Laguarda i Fenollera    (b. 1866 - d. 1913)
30 Apr 1907 - 11 Jul 1907  Josep Pujargimzú (acting)
                             (apostolic vicar)
11 Jul 1907 -  7 Jan 1919  Joan Baptista Benlloch i Vivó      (b. 1864 - d. 1926)
 2 Jul 1919 -  1 Jun 1920  Jaume Viladrich i Gaspa (acting)   (b. 1865 - d. 1926)
                             (apostolic vicar)
 1 Jun 1920 - 31 Jan 1940  Justí Guitart i Vilardebò          (b. 1875 - d. 1940)
 2 Feb 1940 - 15 Apr 1943  Ricard Fornesa i Puigdemasa        (b. 1883 - d. 1948)
                             (apostolic vicar)(acting)
15 Apr 1943 - 19 Jun 1969  Ramon Iglésias i Navarri           (b. 1889 - d. 1972)
19 Jun 1969 - 30 Jan 1971  Ramon Malla Call (acting)          (b. 1922)
                             (apostolic administrator)
30 Jan 1971 - 12 May 2003  Joan Martí Alanís París i Cuarto   (b. 1928 - d. 2009)
12 May 2003 -              Joan Enric Vives i Sicília Pons i  (b. 1949)
                             Ibáñez       
Episcopal Veguers
1602 - 16..                Isidoro d'Aguilar
1664 - ....                Armanter Aguilar
1737 - 1748?               Antoni Fiter y Rossell             (b. 1706 - d. 1748)
1748? - 1763               ....
15 Sep 1763 - 17..         Guillem Moles i Torres
1777 - 17..                Guillem Areny i Montargull
Oct 1788 - 178.            Josep Bonifaci Gomà Montou
1789 - ....                Mateu Moles
1845 - 1858                Bonaventura Riba
1858 - 18..                Guillem Torres
18.. - 18..                Manuel Amalot
c.1864 - 18..              Antoni Rossell
 9 Aug 1868 - 1881         Pere Dalleres
22 Jan 1881 - 1881         Pere Canturri
 1 Jul 1881 - 1882         Josep Oriol Dodero
27 Jul 1882 - 1885         Francesc Pallerola (1st time)
16 Apr 1885 - 1886         Antoni Cerqueda
 8 Nov 1886 - 1915         Francesc Pallerola (2nd time)
17 May 1915 - 1933         Joseph de Riba
 3 Jul 1933 - 1934         Enric de Llorens
 3 Feb 1934 - 1936         Jaume Sansa (1st time)
1936 - 1937                Francesc Cairat (acting)
1937 - 1972                Jaume Sansa (2nd time)
19 Apr 1972 - 1993         Francesc Badia
1993 - 24 Feb 1994         Nemesi Marquès Oste                (b. 1935)
Personal Representative of the Episcopal Coprince
24 Feb 1994 -              Nemesi Marquès Oste                (s.a.)

Co-princes¹
 8 Sep 1278 - 12 Feb 1479  the counts of Foix
12 Feb 1479 -  2 Aug 1589  the kings of Navarre
 2 Aug 1589 - 21 Sep 1792  the heads of state of France
21 Sep 1792 - 27 Mar 1806  Vacant
27 Mar 1806 -              the heads of state of France
French Viguiers
1572 - ....                Roc Godofré
1628 - ....                Jean de Prétianne
c.1648                     François de Murat Boquet
29 Oct 1662 - c.1682       Jérôme de Foucier de Garanon
                            (or Jérôme de Fournier de Garanou)
c.1708 - c.1721            François (de) Moreau
17.. - 1768                Jean de Perpère                    (d. 1768)
1768 - 1780                Vacant
1780 - 1783                Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de      (b. 1730 - d. 1807)
                             Breteuil
1783 - 1788                ....
14 Oct 1788 - 1791         Joseph Bonifaci Goma Montou
1791 - 1806                Vacant
15 Oct 1806 - 1820         Josep Pilhes
22 Sep 1820 - 1835         Pere Baptista Roc Roussillon
18 Jan 1835 - 1867         Lucien de Saint André              (b. 1797 - d. 18..)
24 Oct 1867 - 1880         Henri, vicomte de Foix
22 Feb 1880 - 1882         Tibul Ladeveze (1st time)
22 Jan 1882 - 1882         Mancini 
23 Feb 1882                Tibul Ladeveze (2nd time)
 3 Jul 1882 - 1886         Bonaventure Vigo                   (b. 1836 - d. 1886)
 7 Jun 1886 - 1887         Jacques Manuel Varenne
15 Mar 1887 - 1933         Charles Romeu
12 Mar 1933 - Aug 1937     Henri Samulens (or Samarons)
30 Nov 1937 - 12 Aug 1940  Jean Baptiste Laumond              (b. 1865 - d. 1957)
23 Sep 1940 - 1944         Jules Lamastres
14 Sep 1944 - 1945         Robert Barran                      (b. 1918 - d. 1978) 
 5 May 1945 - 1947         Georges Degrand                    (b. 1875 - d. 1948) 
23 Aug 1947 - 1952         André Bertrand 
21 Jun 1952 - 1956         Guy Henri Victor Menant            (b. 1891 - d. 1967)
20 Jun 1956 - 1958         Yves Michel
21 Nov 1958 - 1961         Jean Lafon de Lageneste
27 Jul 1961 - 1964         Etienne Veysset
12 Aug 1964 - 1970         Roger Vincenot
24 Sep 1970 - 1972         Hubert Dubois
11 Dec 1972 - 1977         Clause-François Rostain
21 Jun 1977 - 1980         André Prunet-Foch
29 Aug 1980 - 1982         René Lalouette
18 Feb 1982 - 1984         Henri Benoît de Cognac
1984 - 1989                Louis Deblé
1990 - 1993                Jean-Pierre Courtois               (b. 1947)
Personal Representatives of the French Coprince
13 Sep 1993 - Feb 1997     Jean-Yves Caullet                  (b. 1957)
17 Feb 1997 - May 1999     Pierre de Bousquet de Florian      (b. 1954)
25 May 1999 - Jul 2002     Frédéric Marie Joseph Bruno de     (b. 1958)
                             Laparre de Saint-Sernin
26 Jul 2002 - Jun 2007     Philippe Massoni                   (b. 1936)
 6 Jun 2007 - Sep 2008     Emmanuelle Mignon (f)              (b. 1968)
24 Sep 2008 -              Christian Frémont                  (b. 1942)


First Syndics
1841 - 1847                Josep Picart
1847 - 1858                Bonaventura Riba (acting)
1858 - 1861                Gil Areny
1861 - 1865                Francesc Duran (1st time)
1865 - 1866                Joaquim de Riba
1866 - 1868                Guillem Areny de Plandolit
1868 - 1875                Nicolau Duedra
1875 - 1878                Guillem Mora
1878 - 1880                Bonaventura Moles
1880 - 1881                Joan Pla Calvo
1881                       Josep Palmitjavila (1st time)
1881 - 1883                Francesc Duran (1st time)
1884 - 1885                Josep Palmitjavila (2nd time)
1886                       Francesc Duran (2nd time)
1886 - 1888                Francesc Maestre
1888 - 1897                Antoni Moles
                           - jointly with following -
1893 - 1898                Bonaventura Maestre (1st time)
1899 - 1901                Josep Calva
1902 - 1905                Bonaventura Maestre (2nd time)
1906 - 1911                Pere Moles
1911 - 1912                Bonaventura Maestre (3rd time)
1912 - 1915                Bonaventura Moles
1915 - 1917                Pere Font (1st time)
1918 - 1920                Josep Vilanova
1920                       Josep Grepa (acting)
1920 - 1923                Bonaventura Villarubia
1924 - 1927                Pere Font (2nd time)
1928 - 19 Aug 1933         Roc Pallares
                             (in Barcelona, Spain exile 19 Aug - 18 Sep 1933)
19 Aug 1933 - 18 Sep 1933  Vacant
18 Sep 1933 - 1936         Pere Torres
1936 - 1937                Francesc Molné
1937 - 31 Dec 1960         Francesc Cairat Freixes            (b. 1880? - d. 19..)
31 Dec 1960 - Dec 1966     Julià Reig-Ribó (1st time)         (b. 1911 - d. 1996)
Dec 1966 - Dec 1972        Francesc Escudé Ferrero            (d. 1996)
Dec 1972 - 29 Dec 1978     Julià Reig-Ribó (2nd time)         (s.a.)
29 Dec 1978 -  4 Jan 1982  Estanislau Sangrà Font             (b. 1946)
 4 Jan 1982 - 12 Jan 1990  Francesc Cerqueda Pascuet          (b. 1942)            UL
12 Jan 1990 - 15 Feb 1991  Josep Maria Beal Benedico                               PS
15 Feb 1991 - 12 Apr 1992  Albert Gelabert                                         PLA
12 Apr 1992 -  4 May 1993  Jordi Farrás Forné                                      PD
General Syndics
 4 May 1993 - 19 Jan 1994  Jordi Farrás Forné                                      PD
19 Jan 1994 - 10 Mar 1997  Josep Dallerès Codina (1st time)   (b. 1949)            PS
10 Mar 1997 - 17 May 2005  Francesc Areny Casal               (b. 1959)            PLA
17 May 2005 - 19 May 2009  Joan Gabriel Estany                (b. 1963)            PLA
19 May 2009 - 28 Apr 2011  Josep Dallerès Codina (2nd time)   (s.a.)               PS
28 Apr 2011 -              Vicenç Mateu Zamora                (b. 1961)            DA

Heads of the Government
 8 Jan 1982 - 21 May 1984  Òscar Ribas Reig (1st time)        (b. 1936)            PNL
21 May 1984 - 12 Jan 1990  Josep Pintat-Solans                (b. 1925 - d. 2007)  PC
12 Jan 1990 -  7 Dec 1994  Òscar Ribas Reig (2nd time)        (s.a.)               PNL
 7 Dec 1994 - 27 May 2005  Marc Forné Molné                   (b. 1946)            PLA
27 May 2005 -  5 Jun 2009  Albert Pintat Santolària           (b. 1943)            PLA
 5 Jun 2009 - 28 Apr 2011  Jaume Bartumeu Cassany             (b. 1954)            PS
28 Apr 2011 - 12 May 2011  Pere López Agràs (acting)                               PS
12 May 2011 -              Antoni Martí Petit                 (b. 1963)            DA  

Commander of French Gendarmes  
18 Aug 1933 -  9 Oct 1933  René-Jules Baulard                 (b. 1883 - d. 1953)  Mil
French Special Commissioner
Jul 1936 - Oct 1940        René-Jules Baulard                 (s.a.)               Mil

      Reported Flag of Boris I, 1934

 ¹Both Co-princes are represented in Andorra by veguers (vicars).

Party abbreviations: CDA = Centre Demòcrata Andorrà (Andorran Democratic Center Party, christian democratic, formerly PD); DA = Demòcrates per Andorra (Democrats for Andorra, center-right, est.2011); PLA = Partit Liberal d'Andorra (Liberal Party of Andorra, center-right, est.1992); PS = Partit Socialdemòcrata (Social Democratic Party, social democratic);
- Former parties: AND = Agrupament Nacional Democràtic (National Democratic Group, liberal,
former grouping of PD and PSD); PC = Parti Conservateur (Conservative Party); PD = Partit Demòcrata (Democratic Party, later PLA, est.1976); PNL = Parti Nacional Liberale (National Liberal Party); UL = Uniò Liberal/Parti Liberal Andorra (Liberal Union/Liberal Party of Andorra, conservative liberal, from 1992 PLA)

©2000  Ben Cahoon