Mozambique Traditional states
Note: This record is in three parts.
(A) The last gasps of the Karanga empire (the "Empire of
the Monomotapa"), with its spin-off Manyika (which is
located in part in present-day Zimbabwe). (B) Coastal
states. (C) The "Gaza State," amaGaza.
Karanga
c.1430
Karanga state founded (later called Mutapa, and
by the
Portuguese Monomotapa).
1629 -
1663
Portuguese vassal.
1663 -
1694
Changamire (Rozvi) vassal.
1694 -
1712
Portuguese vassal.
1712 -
c.1720
Changamire (Rozvi) vassal.
1759 - 1803
Collapse into civil war, dynasty remnants move to
Chidima.
1902
Remnants of state extinguished by the Portuguese
colonial government.
Rulers (title Mambo)¹
1694 - 1707
Nyamaende Mhande
1707 - 1711
Nyenyedzi Zenda
1711 - 1712
Baroma Mugwagwa
1712 - 1735
Samatambira Nyamhandu I
1735 - 1740
Nyatsusu
1740 - 1759
Dehwe Mapunzagutu
(d. 1759)
1759 -
1803
collapse into civil war
Rulers (title Mambo a Chidima)¹
1803 -
1804
Cangara
II
1804 -
1806
Mutiwapangome
1806
Mutiwaora
1806 -
1807
Cipfumba
1807 -
1828?
Nyasoro
1828 -
1830
Cimininyambo
(= Kandeya II)
1830 -
1849?
Dzeka
1849 -
1868
Kataruza
1868 -
1870
Kandeya
III
1870 -
1887
Dzuda
1887 -
1902
Cioko
Dambamupute
(d. 1917)
¹The style of the ruler is Mambo,
the usual one in this ethnic group; but he has had from
1420 an epithet, rendered Monomotapa by the
Portuguese; there has been controversy concerning the
"native" form; it is often read Mwene Mutapa
from the Shona name, but the most critical sources give
it as Munhu Mutapa.
Manyika
bf.1494
Manyika
(Manica)
state established, originally subject to Karanga.
1695
Conquered by Cangamire; Nguruve lineage replaced by
Tembo-shumba lineage.
Rulers (title Mambo)
17.. - Jul
1795
Cikanga ...
(d. 1795)
Jul 1795 - Mar
1796 Cikanga
... "Inhacompunza"
1796 -
1807
Cikanga
Nyarumwe II (1st time)
"Inharugue"
1807 -
1813
Cikanga
Nyangombe "Inhagope"
1813 -
1818
Cikanga
Nyamandoto II "Inhamutota"
1818 -
1822
Cikanga
Nyarumwe II (2nd time)
"Inharugue"
1822
Cikanga Juru or Mutasa Juru
1822? -
1845
Mutasa
Mutemberwa
1845 -
1865
Mutasa
Matidya Dasi
1865 -
1870
Mutasa
Mvumbi
1870 -
1902
Mutasa
Tendayi Katsatso "Cifambausiku"
1902 -
1911
Mutasa
Cakanyuka
1911 -
1943
Mutasa
Kadzima
1943 -
1957
Mutasa
Cimuriwo
1957 -
1959
Mutasa
Mashita Mukukudzi
1959 -
1965
Mutasa
Makanda Gomwe
1965
-
Mutasa
Pafiwa
Coastal states
Angoshe
1485
Angoshe sultanate established.
1910
State extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sultans
1795 -
1817
`Alawi
ibn Muhsini
1817 -
1821
Hasan
Camakama
1821 -
18..
`Alawi
Mugosirima
18.. -
1849
Ahmadi
ibn Sulayman "Bari Bwana Mkuu"
1849 -
1861
Hasani
Usufu
1861 -
1877
Musa
Muhammad Sahib "Musa Quanto"
1877 -
1884
Sulayman
ibn Raja
1884 -
1889
Husayn
Ibrahimu
1889 -
1910
Ibrahimu
ibn Sulayman
Kitangonya
bf.1750
Kitangonya
sheikhdom established.
af.1906
State
extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sheikhs
bf.1750 -
c.1775
....
c.1775 -
1804
Twakali
Hija
1804 -
1817
Janfar
Salim
1817 -
1850
Sulayman
Bwana Hajj
1850 -
1873
`Ali
Amisi Heri
1873 -
1875
`Abd
al-Rahman Sa`id `Ali
1875 -
1878
Vacant
1878 -
1884
Ahmadi
`Abd Allah
1884 -
1906
Mahmud
Bwana Ahmadi
1906 -
19..
Sa`id
ibn Amisi
Sankul
1753
Sankul sheikhdom established.
1910
State extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sheikhs
1753 -
1797
....
1797 -
1800
Mukusedi
Muhammad Raja
1800 -
1804
Mutirua
Muhammad
1804 -
1810
Hasan
Raja
1810 -
1822
Molidi
`Uthman
1822 -
1832
Mukusedi
`Ali Muhammad Raja
1832 -
1841
Burehimu
Usufu (regent to 1834)
1842 -
1862
Hasan
Musa Mukusedi
1863 -
1874
Camakama
Molidi
1875 -
1886
`Abd
Allah Usufu ibn Hasan "Umkubu Muntu"
1886 -
1898
Hasan
Molidi
1898 -
1910
Suali
ibn `Ali Ibrahimu "Marave"
amaGaza
1825
Sotshangane Nxumalo, grandson of Gaza Nxumalo,
establishes
a polity and calls it amaGaza.
28 Dec
1895
State
extinguished by Portuguese colonial government;
rebellion continued to 20 Jul 1897.
Rulers (title Nkosi
1825 - 11 Oct
1858
Manukozi Sotshangane
Nxumalo (b. c.1780 -
d. c.1858)
11 Oct 1858 -
18..
Mawewe Nxumalo (1st time)
18.. -
18..
Mzila
Nxumalo (1st time)
(d. 1891)
18.. -
1862
Mawewe
Nxumalo (2nd time)
1862 - Aug
1884
Mzila Nxumalo (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Aug 1884 - 28 Dec 1895
Mdungazwe Nggunggunyana Nxumalo (b.
c.1850 - d. 1906)
1896 - 20 Jul
1897
Magigane Nxumalo (in rebellion)
© Ben Cahoon
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