Mozambique Traditional states
Note: This record is in three parts.
(A) The last gasps of the Karanga empire (the "Empire of
the Monomotapa"), with its spin-off Manyika (which is
located in part in present-day Zimbabwe). (B) Coastal
states. (C) The "Gaza State," amaGaza.
Karanga
bf.1420
Karanga
state founded.
1902
Remnants of state extinguished by the Portuguese
colonial government.
Rulers (title Mambo)¹
1803 -
1804
Cangara
II
1804 -
1806
Mutiwapangome
1806
Mutiwaora
1806 -
1807
Cipfumba
1807 -
1828?
Nyasoro
1828 -
1830
Cimininyambo
(= Kandeya II)
1830 -
1849?
Dzeka
1849 -
1868
Kataruza
1868 -
1870
Kandeya
III
1870 -
1887
Dzuda
1887 -
1902
Cioko
Dambamupute
¹The style of the ruler is Mambo,
the usual one in this ethnic group; but he has had from
1420 an epithet, rendered Monomotapa by the
Portuguese; there has been controversy concerning the
"native" form; it is often read Mwene Mutapa,
but the most critical sources give it as Munhu Mutapa.
Manyika
bf.1494
Manyika
(Manica)
state established, originally subject to Karanga.
1695
Conquered by Cangamire; Nguruve lineage replaced by
Tembo-shumba lineage.
Rulers (title Mambo)
17.. - Jul
1795
Cikanga ...
(d. 1795)
Jul 1795 - Mar
1796 Cikanga
... "Inhacompunza"
1796 -
1807
Cikanga
Nyarumwe II (1st time)
"Inharugue"
1807 -
1813
Cikanga
Nyangombe "Inhagope"
1813 -
1818
Cikanga
Nyamandoto II "Inhamutota"
1818 -
1822
Cikanga
Nyarumwe II (2nd time)
"Inharugue"
1822
Cikanga Juru or Mutasa Juru
1822? -
1845
Mutasa
Mutemberwa
1845 -
1865
Mutasa
Matidya Dasi
1865 -
1870
Mutasa
Mvumbi
1870 -
1902
Mutasa
Tendayi Katsatso "Cifambausiku"
1902 -
1911
Mutasa
Cakanyuka
1911 -
1943
Mutasa
Kadzima
1943 -
1957
Mutasa
Cimuriwo
1957 -
1959
Mutasa
Mashita Mukukudzi
1959 -
1965
Mutasa
Makanda Gomwe
1965
-
Mutasa
Pafiwa
Coastal states
Angoshe
1485
Angoshe sultanate established.
1910
State extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sultans
1795 -
1817
`Alawi
ibn Muhsini
1817 -
1821
Hasan
Camakama
1821 -
18..
`Alawi
Mugosirima
18.. -
1849
Ahmadi
ibn Sulayman "Bari Bwana Mkuu"
1849 -
1861
Hasani
Usufu
1861 -
1877
Musa
Muhammad Sahib "Musa Quanto"
1877 -
1884
Sulayman
ibn Raja
1884 -
1889
Husayn
Ibrahimu
1889 -
1910
Ibrahimu
ibn Sulayman
Kitangonya
bf.1750
Kitangonya
sheikhdom established.
af.1906
State
extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sheikhs
bf.1750 -
c.1775
....
c.1775 -
1804
Twakali
Hija
1804 -
1817
Janfar
Salim
1817 -
1850
Sulayman
Bwana Hajj
1850 -
1873
`Ali
Amisi Heri
1873 -
1875
`Abd
al-Rahman Sa`id `Ali
1875 -
1878
Vacant
1878 -
1884
Ahmadi
`Abd Allah
1884 -
1906
Mahmud
Bwana Ahmadi
1906 -
19..
Sa`id
ibn Amisi
Sankul
1753
Sankul sheikhdom established.
1910
State extinguished by Portuguese colonial government.
Sheikhs
1753 -
1797
....
1797 -
1800
Mukusedi
Muhammad Raja
1800 -
1804
Mutirua
Muhammad
1804 -
1810
Hasan
Raja
1810 -
1822
Molidi
`Uthman
1822 -
1832
Mukusedi
`Ali Muhammad Raja
1832 -
1841
Burehimu
Usufu (regent to 1834)
1842 -
1862
Hasan
Musa Mukusedi
1863 -
1874
Camakama
Molidi
1875 -
1886
`Abd
Allah Usufu ibn Hasan "Umkubu Muntu"
1886 -
1898
Hasan
Molidi
1898 -
1910
Suali
ibn `Ali Ibrahimu "Marave"
amaGaza
1825
Sotshangane Nxumalo, grandson of Gaza Nxumalo,
establishes
a polity and calls it amaGaza.
28 Dec
1895
State
extinguished by Portuguese colonial government;
rebellion continued to 20 Jul 1897.
Rulers (title Nkosi
1825 - 11 Oct
1858
Manukozi Sotshangane
Nxumalo (b. c.1780 -
d. c.1858)
11 Oct 1858 -
18..
Mawewe Nxumalo (1st time)
18.. -
18..
Mzila
Nxumalo (1st time)
(d. 1891)
18.. -
1862
Mawewe
Nxumalo (2nd time)
1862 - Aug
1884
Mzila Nxumalo (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Aug 1884 - 28 Dec 1895
Mdungazwe Nggunggunyana Nxumalo (b.
c.1850 - d. 1906)
1896 - 20 Jul
1897
Magigane Nxumalo (in rebellion)
© Ben Cahoon
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