Mozambique
-
- to 25 Jun 1975
-
|
-
- 1967
Proposed Colonial Flag
-
|
-
- 5 Sep 1974 - 25
Jun 1975 (provisional)
-
|
-
- 25 Jun 1975 - Apr
1983
|
-
- Apr 1983 - 1 May
1983 (provisional)
|
-
- Adopted 1 May 1983
|
Map
of Mozambique
|
Hear
National Anthem
"Pátria Amada"
(Beloved Country)
Adopted 30 Apr 2002
|
Hear
Former Anthem
"Viva, viva a FRELIMO"
(Alive, Alive FRELIMO!)
(25 Jun 1975-30 Apr 2002)
|
Constitution
(30 Nov 1990)
|
Capital:
Maputo
(Lourenço Marques
1898 - 3 Feb 1976; Ft. São Sebastião de
Moçambique
1570-1898;
Ft. São Caetano [Sofala] 1505-1570;
Kilwa 1501-1505) |
Currency:
Metical (MZN);
1922-1980 Mozambique
Escudo (MZE)
|
National
Holiday: 25 Jun (1975)
Dia da Independência de
Moçambique
(Independence Day of Mozambique)
|
Population:
33,350,954 (2024) |
GDP: $50.6
billion (2023)
|
Exports:
$9.3 billion (2023)
Imports: $11.2
billion (2023)
|
Ethnic groups:
indigenous tribal groups 99.66%
(Makuana 15.3%,
Sena 8%, Makua 14.5%, Tswa 5.7%,
Tsonga 8.6%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chwabo 8.6% and others
31.8%), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians
0.08% (2000)
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 11,200 (2010)
Merchant marine:
36 ships (2023)
|
Religions:
Roman Catholic 27.2%, Muslim 18.9%,
Zionist
Christian 15.6%,
Evangelical/Pentecostal 15.3%,
Anglican 1.7%,
other 4.8%, none 13.9%, unspecified
2.5% (2017)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
AfCFTA,
AfDB, APM, AU, BTWC, C, CCM, CD,
CPLP, CTBT, CWC, EITI, ESCR, FAO, G-77,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory),
ICRM, ICSID, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IORA, IPU,
IRENA (signatory), ISA,
ISO
(correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LU,
MIGA, NAM, NPT, OIC, OIF (observer),
OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
|
Mozambique
Index
|
Chronology
1 Mar
1498
Claimed for Portugal by Vasco da Gama
(b. c.1460 -
d. 1524) who lands on Mozambique
Island.
1501
Portuguese administration begins
based in Kilwa.
4 Sep
1505
Pêro de Anaia, his son Francisco de
Anaia and the
factor Manuel Fernandes reach Sofala
harbor.
Nov 1505
Captaincy
of Sofala (Çofalla)(Capitania
de Sofala)
(subordinated to Goa).
Nov 1505 - 19 Apr 1752
Subordinated to
Portuguese India (Goa).
8 Sep
1507
Portuguese occupation of Mozambique
Island
(Ilha
de Moçambique).
1531
First Portuguese inland settlement at
Sena.
1534
Quelimane settlement founded.
1569
Captaincy of Mozambique and Sofala (Capitania
Geral
de Moçambique e
Sofala)(subordinate to Goa).
15 Jul 1580 - 1 Dec
1640 Mozambique
along with Portugal a Spanish
possession.
17 Jun
1604
Dutch pillage Moçambique town, but
fail to take the
fortress.
29 Mar 1607 - 29 May 1607 First
failed Dutch siege of Ft. São
Sebastião de
Moçambique.
28 Jul 1608 - 19 Aug 1608 Second
failed Dutch siege of Ft. São
Sebastião de
Moçambique.
1609
Colony of Mozambique, Sofala, Rivers
of Cuama,
and Monomatapa (Colónia de
Moçambique, Sofala,
Rios de Cuama e Monomotapa)(subordinate
to Goa).
1676
Captaincy-General of Mozambique, Rios
de Sena
and
Sofala (Capitania-Geral de
Moçambique, Rios
de Sena e Sofala)(subordinate
to Goa to 1752).
29 Mar 1721 - 27 Dec 1730 Dutch
fort Lijdzaamheid
at Delagoa
Bay.
19 Apr
1752
Captaincy-General
of Mozambique, Sofala and Rivers
of Sena (Capitania-Geral de
Moçambique, Sofala e
Rios
de Sena).
3 May 1777 - 28 Apr
1781 Austrian Triestier
Compagnie forts at Delagoa Bay.
1787
Portuguese found Fortaleza da
Nossa Senhora da
Conceição (Fort of Our Lady of
the Conception),
commonly called Presídio de Lourenço
Marques
(abandoned Oct 1796 - Jun 1799).
6 Oct
1796
French corsairs pillage and burn
Lourenço Marques.
7 Dec
1836
Province of Mozambique (Província
de Moçambique),
also
called Portuguese East Africa (África
Oriental Portuguesa).
29 Apr 1878
Slavery abolished in
Mozambique (by 29 Apr 1858
Portuguese royal decree).
30 Sep 1891
State of East Africa (Estado da
África Oriental).
18 Feb 1887 - 16 Jun
1894 Portuguese occupy
the Kionga Triangle area.
11 Jun 1891 - 19 May 1925 Chinde British
concession at the mouth of Zambezi
River.
22 Dec 1893
Province of Mozambique (Província
de Moçambique).
16 Jun 1894 - 10 Apr 1916
Germans occupy the Kionga Triangle as
part of
German East Africa (see Tanganyika).
23 Nov 1917 - 1 Jul 1918
German East Africa forces under Paul
von Lettow-
Vorbeck (b. 1870 - d. 1964) invade
Mozambique.
10 Jan
1920
Treaty of Versailles cedes the Kionga
Triangle to
Portuguese Moçambique (officially
incorporated
2 Apr 1920 by Law No. 962).
17 Nov
1926
Colony of Mozambique (Colónia de
Moçambique).
11 Jun
1951
Overseas province of Portugal (Província
de
Moçambique).
25 Sep 1964 - 8 Sep
1974 Mozambican war of
independence.
1 Jan 1973
State of Mozambique (Estado
de Moçambique).
20 Sep
1974
Local administration begins
25 Jun
1975
People's Republic of Mozambique
(República Popular
de Moçambique), independence
from Portugal.
30 Nov
1990
Republic of Mozambique (República
de Moçambique).
|
Traditional
States
|
RENAMO Govt.
(1975-1992)
|
Mozambique
Company
Territories
(1892-1942)
|
Niassa
Company
Territories
(1894-1929)
|
Chinde British
Concession
(1892-1925) |
Delagoa Bay
(1721-1730,
1777-1781) |
Historical
Maps
of
Mozambique |
|
|
|
Presidents of the Front for the Liberation of
Mozambique (FRELIMO)
May 1970 - 19 Oct 1986 Samora
Moisés
Machel
(b. 1933 - d. 1986)
19 Oct 1986 - 6 Nov 1986 Political
Bureau of the Central
Committee (acting)
- Marcelino dos
Santos
(b. 1929 - d. 2020)
- Joaquim Alberto
Chissano
(b. 1939)
- Alberto Joaquim
Chipande
(b. 1939)
- Armando Emílio Guebuza
(b. 1943)
- Jorge "Domingo" Rebelo Pinto
(b. 1940)
Chicoti
- Mariano de Araújo
Matsinhe (b.
1953)
- Sebastião Chinguane Marcos Mabote(b. 1941 -
d. 2001)
- Jacinto Soares
Veloso
(b. 1937)
- Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo(b. 1940 -
d. 2020)
- José Óscar Monteiro
(b. 1941)
6 Nov 1986 - 30 Nov 1990 Joaquim Alberto
Chissano
(s.a.)
("leading role" of the party abolished 30 Jul 1989)
Captains of Sofala (capitão
de Sofala)
25 Sep 1505 - 4 Mar 1506 Pêro de
Anaia (d'Anhaya)
(b. c.1450 - d. 1506)
(captain-major from Nov 1505)
Mar 1506 -
1506
Francisco de Anaia (Anhaya)(acting)
1506 – Dec 1506
Manuel Fernandes de Meirelles
(acting)
Dec 1506 - 8 Sep 1507 Nuno
Vaz Pereira (interim)
(d. 1509)
8 Sep 1507 - Mar 1508
Vasco Gomes de Abreu
(d. 1508)
Mar 1508 - 26 Aug 1509 Rui de
Brito Patalim (acting)
26 Aug 1509 – 24 Jun 1512 António de
Saldanha
24 Jun 1512 - 31 Mar 1515 Simão de Miranda de
Azevedo (d. 1515)
31 Mar 1515 – 31 Jul 1515 Sancho de Tovar (1st
time)
(b. c.1470 - d. 1545)
31 Jul 1515 - 1 Jul 1518
Cristóvão de Távora
Jul 1518 – Jul 1522
Sancho de Tovar (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Jul 1522 - Oct
1525 Diogo de
Sepúlveda
Oct 1525 - 20 Feb 1528 Lopo de
Almeida
(b. c.1490 - d. 15..)
20 Feb 1528 - Mar 1529 António
da Silveira de Meneses
Mar 1529 - 20 Oct 1530 João da
Costa (acting)
20 Oct 1530 - 1538?
Vicente Pegado
1538 -
1541
Aleixo de Sousa Chichorro
1541 - Sep 1544
João de Sepúlveda
1544 -
1548
Jorge Tello
1548 -
1551
Fernão de Sousa de Távora
1551 -
1554
Diogo de
Mesquita
(b. c.1510 - d. 15..)
1554 - 1558
Diogo de
Sousa
(b. c.1520 - d. 15..)
1558 -
1560
Sebastião de Sá
1560 - 1562
Pantaleão de
Sá
(b. c.1510 - d. 15..)
1562 -
1563?
Fernando Martins
Freire
(d. 1563?)
1563 -
1564
Francisco de
Mascarenhas
(b. c.1530 - d. 1608)
1564
Belchior Botelho (acting)
1564 -
1567
Jerónimo Barreto
1567 - 1569
Pedro Barreto Rolim
Captains-major of Moçambique
and Sofala (Capitão de Moçambique e
Sofala)
1569 - 1571
Francisco
Barreto
(b. 1520 - d. 1571)
1571
Fernando de
Monroy (Mora)
1571 - 1572
Vasco Fernandes Homem (interim)
1572 - 1577
Simão da Silveira
1577 -
1583
Pedro de Castro
1583 -
1586
Nuno Velho Pereira
1586 -
1589
Jorge de Meneses
1589 -
1591
Lourenço de Brito
1591 -
1595
Pedro de Sousa
1595 -
1598
Nuno da Cunha de Ataíde (Athayde)
1598 - 1601
Álvaro de Abranches
1601 -
1604
Vasco de Mascarenhas
(b. c.1605 - d. 1678)
1604 -
1607
Sebastião de Macedo de Carvalho (d. 1614)
1607 -
1609
Estêvão de Ataíde (1st
time) (b. c.1570 -
d. 1613)
(= Estevam de Athayde)
Captains-general of Moçambique,
Sofala, Rios de Cuama, and Monomotapa
1609 - 1611
Nuno Álvares Pereira (1st
time) (d. 1630)
1611 –
1612
Estêvão de Ataíde (2nd time) (s.a.)
1612
João de
Azevedo
(d. c.1615)
1612
Diogo Simões de
Madeira
1612 -
1614
João de Azevedo
(d. c.1615)
1614 - 1616
Rui de Melo de Sampaio (1st time)
1616 –
1617
Salvador Vaz Guerra
1617 -
1618
Rui de Melo de Sampaio (2nd time)
1618 - 1623
Nuno Álvares
Pereira (2nd time) (s.a.)
1623
Nuno da Cunha
(d. 1623)
1623 -
1624
Lopo d'Almeida (acting)
28 Feb 1624 -
1628
Diogo de Sousa de Meneses
(1st time)
1628 - 1630
Nuno Álvares Pereira (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1630 - 1632
Cristóvão de Brito de
Vasconcelos,
castellão
de Moçambique (acting)
1632 -
1633
Diogo de Sousa de Meneses
(2nd time)
1633 -
1635
Filipe de Mascarenhas
(b. 1580 - d. 16..)
1635 - Oct
1638
Lourenço de Sottomaior
(d. 1638)
Oct 1638 -
1639
Francisco de Sottomaior (1st time)
10 Jan 1639 - Mar 1640 Diogo de
Vasconcellos e Menezes (d. 1640)
1640
António de Brito Pacheco,
castellão de Moçambique (interim)
1640 - 1641
Francisco de Sottomaior (2nd time)
(interim)
3 Jan 1641 -
1642
Francisco da Silveira
(d. 1642)
1642
Domingos Gouveia Coutinho
1642 - Feb
1643
Luís Rêgo de Negreiros (acting)
Feb 1643 -
1646
Júlio Moniz da
Silva
(d. 1646)
19 Dec 1646 - 1650
Álvaro de
Sousa de Távora (d.
1651/52)
1650 - 1652
Francisco de Mascarenhas
(d. 1699)
1652 -
1657
Francisco de Lima
(acting to 1654)
18 Jan 1657 - 1660
Manuel Côrte-Real de Sampaio (b.
c.1630 - d. ....)
18 Dec 1660 -
1664
Manuel de Mascarenhas
(d. 1664)
1664 -
1667
António de Melo e Castro
(b. c.1640 - d. 1669)
6 Jan 1667 -
1670
Ignácio Sarmento de Carvalho
(b. c.1616 - d. 1676)
20 Jan 1670 - 1673
João de Sousa Freire (1st time)
23 Jan 1673 -
1675
Simão Gomes da Silva
17 Jan 1675 -
1675
André Pinto da Fonseca
(d. 1675)
1675 -
1676
Manuel da Silva Aguiar (acting)
11 Jan 1676 -
1681
João de Sousa Freire (2nd time)
1681 -
1682
Diogo de Abreu
1682 -
1683
Gaspar de Sousa Lacerda
3 Dec 1683 -
1686
Caetano de Melo e Castro
(d. 1718)
1686 -
1689
Miguel de Almeida
(b. c.1640 - d. 1691)
1689 - 1691
Manuel dos Santos Pinto
23 Jan 1691 -
1693
Thomé de Sousa Correia
(d. 1693)
1693 -
1694
Francisco Correia de Mesquita
(acting)
28 Dec 1694 - 1695
Estêvão José
da Gama
(b. 1666 - d. 1695)
27 Jan 1696 - 1696
Francisco José da Costa
(d. 1696)
1696 –
1699
Luís de Melo Sampaio
17 Jan 1699 – 1703
Jácome de Moraes Sarmento
8 Dec 1703 - 1707
João
Fernandes de Almeida
(1st time)
22 Jan 1707 - 1707
Luís de Brito
Freire
(d. 1707)
1708 -
1712
Luís de Gonçalves da Câmara
(d. 1717)
Coutinho
27 Feb 1712 - 20 Aug 1714 João Fernandes de
Almeida
(2nd time)
12 Jan 1714 - 1715
Francisco de Mascarenhas
(d. 1715)
1 Jan 1716 -
1719
Francisco de
Sottomaior
(b. c.1700 - d. 17..)
1719 -
1722
Francisco de Alarcão Sottomaior
1722 -
1723
Álvaro Caetano de Melo e Castro
1723 - 1 Mar
1724
Dionísio Manuel Viegas (1st time)
(acting)
1 Mar 1724 -
1726
António João de Sequeira e Faria
1726 - 1730
António Cardim Fróis
(António Cerdim Fróes)
1730 - 11 Aug
1732
António Casco de Melo
11 Aug 1732 -
1733
Dionísio Manuel Viegas (2nd time)
(acting)
1733 - 1736
José Barbosa Leal
1736 - 1739
Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida
1740 -
1743
Lourenço de Noronha e
Tavora (b. c.1690 -
d. 17..)
1743 -
1746
Pedro do Rêgo Barreto da Gama
e Castro
1746 - Jan
1750
Caetano Correia de Sá
(b. 1712 - d. 17..)
21 Feb 1750 - 19 Apr 1752 Francisco de
Melo e Castro
(b. 1702 - d. bf.1777)
Governors and Captains-general of
Moçambique
19 Apr 1752 - 15 Mar 1758
Francisco de Mello e
Castro (s.a.)
15 Mar 1758 - 6 Apr 1758 João Manuel de Melo
(d. 1758)
7 Apr 1758 – 5 Aug 1758 David Marques
Pereira (acting)
5 Aug 1758 - 6 Jan 1763 Pedro de
Saldanha e Albuquerque (d. 1783)
(1st time)
6 Jan 1763 - 17 Aug 1765 João Pereira da
Silva Barba Alardo (b. 1709 - d. 17..)
17 Aug 1765 - 3 Jun 1779 Balthazar Manuel
Pereira do Lago (b. 1725 - d. 1779)
4 Jun 1779 - 25 Aug 1779
Provisional Administration
- Frei João
Nogueira da Cruz
- Diogo
Guerreiro de Aboim
- Pedro da
Costa Soares
25 Aug 1779 - 16 Dec 1779
Provisional Administration
- Frei José Vitorino de São José
-
Diogo Guerreiro Aboim
- Vicente
Caetano da Maia e (b. 1735 -
d. 1789)
Vasconcellos
16 Dec 1779 - 7 May 1781 José de Vasconcelos
e Almeida (d. 1781)
(interim)
7 May 1781 - 21 Aug 1782 Vicente Caetano da
Maria e
(s.a.)
Vasconcelos (acting)
21 Aug 1782 - 24 Nov 1783 Pedro de Saldanha e
Albuquerque (s.a.)
(2nd time)
25 Nov 1783 - 11 Mar 1786 Provisional
Administration
- Frei Amaro
José de São Tomás, (b. 1745 - d.
1801)
bispo de Pentacomia
- António José
de Morais Durão
- Vicente
Caetano da Maia e (s.a.)
Vasconcelos
11 Mar 1786 - 19 Mar 1793 António Manuel de Mello
e Castro
19 Mar 1793 - 27 Aug 1797 Diogo de Sousa Coutinho
27 Aug 1797 - 10 Sep 1801 Francisco Guedes de
Carvalho e (b. 1757 - d. 1833)
Meneses da Costa
10 Sep 1801 - 8 Aug 1805 Isidro de Almeida
de Sousa e Sá
8 Aug 1805 - 28 Dec 1807 José Francisco
de Paula Cavalcanti (b. 1759 - d. 1818)
de
Albuquerque
28 Dec 1807 - 14 Aug 1809 Provisional
Administration
- Vasco José da Bona Morte Lobo, (b. 1757 -
d. 1822)
bispo de Olba
- Agostinho Bernardo Delgado Pinto (d. 1809)
(to 16 Mar 1809)
- José António de Araujo e Lima
(from 22 Jun 1809)
- Elias José Pereira Ramos
14 Aug 1809 - 28 Aug 1812 António Manuel de Mello
Castro e (b. c.1761 - d. 1812)
Mendonça
28 Aug 1812 - 2 Feb 1817 Marcos Caetano de
Abreu e Meneses
2 Feb 1817 - 13 Nov 1818 José Francisco de
Paula Cavalcanti (b. 1776 - d. 1818)
de Albuquerque
13 Nov 1818 - 14 Sep 1819 Provisional
Administration
- Frei Nicolau de Jesus Maria Pegado
- Amaro Guedes da Silva e Sousa
- Francisco Carlos da Costa Lacé
14 Sep 1819 - 25 Jun 1821 João da Costa de
Brito-Sanches
25 Jun 1821 - 6 Sep 1821 Provisional
Administration
- Bartolomeu dos Mártires de Maia, (b. 1764 - d. 1828)
bispo de Moçambique
(president of provisional administtration)
- João Vicente de Cardenas
- Joaquim António Ribeiro
- António Alvares de Macedo
- António Lourenço de Sousa
- Baltazar Manuel de Sousa Brito
e Francisco de Paula
6 Sep 1821 - 25 Jun 1824 Provisional
Administration
- João Manuel da Silva
(president of provisional
administtration)
- Bartolomeu dos Mártires de Maia,
(s.a.)
bispo de Moçambique
- João Vicente de Cardenas
- António Alvares de Macedo
- Dionísio Ignácio de Lemos Pinto
- Baltazar Manuel de Sousa Brito
e Francisco de Paula
- António Lourenço de Sousa
25 Jun 1824 – 25 Jan 1825 João Manuel da
Silva
20 Jan 1825 - 21 Aug 1829 Sebastião
Xavier
Botelho
(b. 1768 - d. 1840)
21 Aug 1829 - 28 Jan 1832 Paulo José
Miguel de Brito (d. 1832)
29 Jan 1832 - 13 Mar 1834 Provisional
Administration
- Joaquim Xavier Diniz da Costa
(president of provisional administration)
- Frei António José da Maia
- Francisco Henrique Ferrão
13 Mar 1834 - 10 Oct 1834 Provisional
Administration
- Frei António José da Maia
(president of provisional administration)
- João de Alexandre de Campos
- Adolfo João Pinto de Magalhães
- Francisco Xavier Ferreira Nobre
- Teodorico José de
Abranches (d. 1849)
10 Oct 1834 - 3 Mar 1836 José
Gregório
Pegado
(d. 1846)
(military governor)
3 Mar 1836 - 12 Mar 1837 Provisional
Administration
-
Padre Custódio José Vaz
(president of provisional administration)
- Cândido da Costa Soares
- António de Ramalho de
Sá (d.
1860)
-
António Francisco Cardoso
- José Ignácio Andrade de Nery
12 Mar 1837 - 1 Aug 1837 António José
de Mello de Saldanha (b. 1803 - d. 1883)
1 Aug 1837 - 5 Oct 1837 Provisional
Administration
- Joaquim da Sant'Anna Garcia de
Miranda
- António Francesco Cardoso
- João da Costa Xavier
Governors-general of the Province of Moçambique
5 Oct 1837 - 28 Mar 1838 João
Carlos Augusto de Oeynhausen (b. 1776 - d. 1838)
e Gravenburg, marquês de Aracaty
28 Mar 1838 - 29 Mar 1840 António
de Ramalho de Sá
(s.a.)
(president of Governing Council)
29 Mar 1840 - 7 May 1841 Joaquim Pereira
Marinho
(b. 1782 - d. 1854)
7 May 1841 - 16 Feb 1843 João da Costa
Xavier (interim)
16 Feb 1843 - 13 May 1847 Rodrigo Luciano de Abreu
e Lima (b. 1783 - d. 1857)
13 May 1847 - 22 Oct 1851 Domingos Fortunato do
Valle
(interim)
22 Oct 1851 - 24 Apr 1854 Joaquim Pinto de
Magalhães
(b. 1819 - d. 1892)
(interim)
24 Apr 1854 - 26 Sep 1857 Vasco Guedes de Carvalho
e Meneses (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
26 Sep 1857 - 25 Feb 1864 João Tavares de
Almeida
(b. 1816 - d. 1877)
25 Feb 1864 - 20 Apr 1864 Cândido Máximo Moules
(president of Governing Council)
20 Apr 1864 - 12 Oct 1867 António do Canto e
Castro
1865
António de
Sousa Teixeira
(acting
for Canto e Castro)
12 Oct 1867 - 31 Aug 1868 António Augusto
de
Almeida
(b. 1804 - d. 1868)
Portugal Correia de Lacerda
31 Aug 1868 - 16 Feb 1869 Manuel Nicolau Pontes de
Ataíde (b. 1822 - d. 1869)
e Azevedo
(president of Governing Council)
16 Feb 1869 - 8 Apr 1869 António Tavares de
Almeida
(b. 1820 - d. 1901)
8 Apr 1869 - 29 Dec 1869 Fernando da Costa
Leal (b. 1825
- d. 1869)
29 Dec 1869 - 25 Jun 1870 Ernesto Kopke da Fonseca
e Gouveia (b. 1839 - d. 1915)
(president of Governing Council)
25 Jun 1870 - 25 Aug 1870 Inácio Augusto Alves
(acting) (b. 1817 - d. 1872)
25 Aug 1870 - 14 Dec 1873 José Rodrigues Coelho do
Amaral (b. 1808 - d. 1873)
14 Dec 1873 - 10 Aug 1874 José Manuel Crispiniano
da Fonseca (b. 1804 - d. 1871)
(president of Governing Council)
10 Aug 1874 - 1 Dec 1877 José Guedes de
Carvalho e Meneses, (b. 1814 - d. 1879)
(from May 1875) conde da Costa
1 Dec 1877 - 16 Jan 1880 Francisco Maria da
Cunha
(b. 1832 - d. 1909)
16 Jan 1880 - 1 Aug 1881 Augusto César
Rodrigues Sarmento (b. 1835 - d. 1881)
(acting)
1 Aug 1881 - 28 Feb 1882 Carlos Eugénio
Correia da Silva, (b. 1834 - d. 1905)
visconde de Paço de Arcos
28 Feb 1882 - 8 Apr 1882 José de Almeida de
Ávila (acting) (b. 1843 - d. 1901)
8 Apr 1882 - Apr 1885
Agostinho
Coelho
(b. 1828 - d. 1888)
Apr 1885 - 5 Jul 1885
Henrique José Real da Silva
(b. 1854 - d. 1930)
(president of Governing Council)
5 Jul 1885 - 16 Mar 1889 Augusto Vidal de
Castilho Barreto (b. 1841 - d. 1912)
e Noronha
16 Mar 1889 - 14 Jun 1889 José Joaquim de Freitas
de Almeida (b. 1858 - d. 1922)
(acting)
14 Jun 1889 - 19 Jun 1890 José António de Brissac
das (b. 1846 -
d. 1902)
Neves Ferreira
19 Jun 1890 - 11 Jul 1891 Joaquim José Machado
(1st time) (b. 1847 - d. 1925)
11 Jul 1891 - 13 May 1893 Raphael Jácome Lopes de
Andrade (b. 1851 - d. 1900)
13 May 1893 - 13 Jan 1894 Francisco Teixeira da
Silva (b. 1826
- d. 1894)
Jan 1894 - Jul
1894 Joaquim
da Graça Correia e Lança (b. 1856 - d. 1900)
(1st time) (acting)
1 Jul 1894 - Jan 1895
Fernando de Magalhães e Meneses (b. 1840 -
d. 1899)
9 Jan 1895 - Dec 1895
António José Enes -Commissioner
(b. 1848 - d. 1901)
Jan 1896 - Mar
1896 Joaquim
da Graça Correia e Lança (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
21 Mar 1896 - Nov 1897 Joaquim
Mousinho de Albuquerque (b. 1855 - d.
1902)
18 Nov 1897 - Aug 1898 Baltasar
Freire Cabral (acting) (b. 1867 - d.
1924)
13 Aug 1898 - Dec 1898 Carlos
Alberto Schultz Xavier
Dec 1898 - Mar
1900 Álvaro
António da Costa Ferreira (b. 1853 - d.
1933)
6 Mar 1900 - May 1900
Júlio José, marquês da Costa
16 May 1900 - Oct 1900 Joaquim
José Machado (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Oct 1900 - Dec 1902 Manuel
Rafael Gorjão Henriques (b. 1846 - d.
1918)
5 Dec 1902 - Feb 1905
Thomás António García Rosado (b.
1864 - d. 1937)
20 Feb 1905 - Oct 1906 João
António de Azevedo Coutinho (b. 1865 - d.
1944)
Fragoso de Sequeira
26 Oct 1906 - Oct 1910 Alfredo Augusto
Freire de Andrade (b. 1859 - d. 1929)
Oct 1910 – Nov 1910 Pedro
Luís de Bellegarde da Silva (b. 1853 - d. 1917?)
Nov 1910 - May
1911 José de
Freitas Ribeiro (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 1929)
May 1911 - Feb
1912 José
Francisco de Azevedo e Silva (b. 1858 - d. 1936)
Feb 1912 - Mar
1913 José
Alfredo Mendes de Magalhães (b. 1870 - d.
1957)
Mar 1913 - Apr
1914 Augusto
Ferreira dos Santos (b. 1870
- d. 1944)
Apr 1914 - May
1915 Joaquim
José Machado (3rd time) (s.a.)
May 1915 - Oct
1915 Alfredo
Baptista Coelho
(b. 1865 - d. 1952)
Oct 1915 - Apr 1918
Álvaro Xavier de
Castro
(b. 1878 - d. 1928)
Apr 1918 - Apr
1919 Pedro
Francisco Massano do Amorim (b. 1862 - d. 1929)
Apr 1919 - Mar
1921 Manuel
Luís Moreira da Fonseca (b. 1877 - d.
19..)
(1st time) (acting)
High Commissioners and Governors-general
Mar 1921 - Sep
1923 Manuel de
Brito
Camacho
(b. 1862 - d. 1934)
Sep 1923 - Nov
1924 Manuel
Luís Moreira da Fonseca (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
Nov 1924 - May
1926 Víctor
Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho (b. 1871 - d.
1955)
May 1926 - Nov
1926 Artur
Ivens Ferraz
(acting) (b.
1870 - d. 1933)
Nov 1926 - Apr 1938
José Ricardo
Pereira Cabral
(b. 1879 - d. 1956)
Apr 1938 - Mar 1940
José Nicolau Nunes de Oliveira
(b. 1890 - d. 1954)
Mar 1940 –
1946
José Tristão de
Bettencourt
(b. 1880 - d. 1954)
1946 –
1947
Paulo Augusto do Rego (acting)
May 1947 - Dec 1948 Luís
de Sousa e Vasconcelos e (b. 1897 -
d. 19..)
Funchal
Dec 1948 -
1958
Gabriel Maurício
Teixeira
(b. 1897 - d. 1973)
1958
Juvenal de Carvalho (acting)
1958 -
1961
Pedro Correia de Barros
(b. 1911 - d. 1968)
1961 -
1964
Manuel Maria Sarmento Rodrigues (b.
1899 - d. 1979)
7 Jun 1964 -
1968
José Augusto da Costa
Almeida (b. 1912 - d.
1998)
1968 – 12 Jul 1968
Álvaro de G. e Melo (acting)
12 Jul 1968 - 15 Jan 1970 Baltazar Rebelo
de
Sousa
(b. 1921 - d. 2002)
2 Mar 1970 - Oct 1971 Eduardo
Arantes e
Oliveira
(b. 1907 - d. 1982)
Oct 1971 – 1972
Manuel Marques de Abrantes Amaral (b. 1914)
1972 - 27 Apr
1974
Manuel Pimentel Pereira dos Santos (b. 1919 - d. 2006)
27 Apr 1974 - 11 Jun 1974 David Teixeira Ferreira
(acting)
11 Jun 1974 - 17 Aug 1974 Henrique Soares de Mello
(b. 1919 - d.
1992)
19 Aug 1974 - 12 Sep 1974 Jorge Augusto da Cunha
Ferro (b. 1928 - d.
1992)
Ribeiro (acting)
12 Sep 1974 - 25 Jun 1975 Vítor Manuel Trigueiros
Crespo (b. 1932 - d. 2014)
Presidents
25 Jun 1975 - 19 Oct 1986 Samora Moisés
Machel
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
19 Oct 1986 - 6 Nov 1986 Political
Bureau of the Central
Committee of FRELIMO (acting)
- Marcelino dos
Santos
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
- Joaquim Alberto
Chissano
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
- Alberto Joaquim
Chipande
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
- Armando Emílio Nuno
Guebuza (s.a.)
FRELIMO
- Jorge "Domingo" Rebelo Pinto
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
Chicoti
- Mariano de Araújo
Matsinhe
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
- Sebastião Chinguane Marcos Mabote(s.a.)
FRELIMO
- Jacinto Soares
Veloso
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
- Mário Fernandes da Graça
Machungo(s.a.)
FRELIMO
- José Óscar Monteiro
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
6 Nov 1986 - 2 Feb 2005 Joaquim
Alberto Chissano
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
2 Feb 2005 - 15 Jan 2015
Armando Emílio Nuno
Guebuza
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
15 Jan 2015 - 15 Jan 2025 Filipe Jacinto Nyusi
(b. 1959)
FRELIMO
15 Jan 2025
-
Daniel Francisco
Chapo
(b.
1977)
FRELIMO
Prime ministers
20 Sep 1974 - 25 Jun 1975
Joaquim Alberto
Chissanó
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
25 Jun 1975 - 12 Jul 1986 Post
abolished
17 Jul 1986 - 16 Dec 1994 Mário
Fernandes da Graça Machungo
(s.a.)
FRELIMO
16 Dec 1994 - 17 Feb 2004
Pascoal Manuel
Mocumbi
(b. 1941 - d. 2023) FRELIMO
17 Feb 2004 - 16 Jan 2010 Luisa
Dias Diogo
(f)
(b.
1958)
FRELIMO
16 Jan 2010 - 8
Oct 2012 Aires Bonifacio Baptista Ali
(b. 1955)
FRELIMO
8 Oct 2012 - 19 Jan 2015 Alberto
Clementino António Vaquina (b. 1961)
FRELIMO
19 Jan 2015 - 3 Mar 2022
Carlos Agostinho do
Rosário (b.
1954)
FRELIMO
3 Mar 2022 - 17 Jan 2025
Adriano Afonso
Maleiane
(b.
1949)
FRELIMO
17 Jan 2025
-
Maria Benvinda Delfina Levi (f) (b.
1969)
FRELIMO
Territorial Disputes: South
Africa has placed military units to assist police
operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and
Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal
migration; Mozambique and Malawi have held exercises to
reaffirm boundaries a number of times.
Party abbreviation: FRELIMO = Frente
da Libertação de Moçambique (Mozambique Liberation
Front, democratic-socialist, formerly Marxist-Leninist
Communist and African nationalist, Jul 1968 - Jul 1989,
est.25 Jun 1962)
Alternative government: National Resistance Government
of Mozambique
![[Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO)
former flag (Mozambique)] [Mozambican National
Resistance (RENAMO) former flag (Mozambique)]](mz-rnm.gif)
Adopted 1977 RENAMO Flag
|
1977
FRELIMO declares itself a Marxist-Leninist party, and
RENAMO
(backed by Rhodesia and South Africa) is established
in
rebellion against Mozambique's FRELIMO
government.
1981
RENAMO occupies most of the interior of Mozambique (with
base
at Satungira).
7 Aug
1992
Truce signed with the government of Mozambique.
9 Oct
1992
Accord with the government, civil war ended.
Chairmen of the
Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO)
1977 - 17 Oct 1979
André Matade
Matsangaissa
(b. 1950 - d. 1979) MNR/RENAMO
1980 - 1987
Afonso Macacho
Marceta Dhlakama (b. 1953 -
d. 2018) RENAMO
President of the National Council
1987 - 9 Oct
1992
Afonso Macacho Marceta Dhlakama
(s.a.)
RENAMO
Party abbreviation: RENAMO
= Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (Mozambican National
Resistance, populist conservative, anti-communist,
anti-FRELIMO, 1976-1977 as Movimento Nacional de Resistência
de Moçambique [Mozambique National Resistance] MNR,
est.1977)
Company Territories
Mozambique Company Territory of Manica and Sofala
31 Jul 1891
Royal decree confirming the creation of Companhia
de Moçambique
(Company
of Mozambique), a chartered company receiving full
administrative and economic jurisdiction over the
Mozambican
territories of Manica and Sofala, with headquarters at
Beira.
5 May
1892
Constitution of the company established.
18 Jul 1892
Manica and Sofala transferred
from colonial to company
administration (Território de Manica e
Sofala).
18 Jul 1942
Charter revoked,
Manica and Sofala restored to direct
Portuguese colonial administration (as Beira
district; from
1947, renamed Manica and Sofala district).
Governors of the
Territory of Manica and Sofala
18 Jul 1892 - 15 Oct 1894 Joaquim
José Machado (1st time) (b. 1847 — d. 1925)
15 Oct 1894 - 17 Jul 1895
Francisco de Meneses de Meireles (b. 1850 — d.
1915)
do Canto e Castro (1st
time)
17 Jul 1895 - 20 Jul 1895
Guilherme de Oliveira
Arriaga (b. 1858 - d. 1942)
20 Jul 1895 - 11 Jan 1897 Joaquim
José Machado (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Jan 1897 - 15 Jan 1897
Henrique César da Silva Barahona
(b. 1860 - d. 1953)
e Costa
15 Jan 1897 - 19 Nov 1897
Francisco de Meneses de Meireles (s.a.)
do Canto e Castro (2nd
time)
19 Nov 1897 - 4 Dec 1899
Manuel Rafael Gorjão Henriques (b. 1846 — d.
1918)
4 Dec 1899 - 1 May
1901 Francisco de Meneses de Meireles (s.a.)
do Canto e Castro (3rd time)
(from 9 May 1902, visconde de Meireles)
1 May 1901 - 25 Jul 1903
Teófilo José da Trindade (1st time)(b. 1856 - d. 1936)
25 Jul 1903 - 14 May 1904 Alberto
Celestino Ferreira Pinto (b.
1866 - d. 1932)
Basto (1st time)
14 May 1904 - 1 Sep 1905
Teófilo José da Trindade (2nd time)(s.a.)
1 Sep 1905 - 26 Aug 1909
Alberto Celestino Ferreira Pinto (s.a.)
Basto (2nd time)
26 Aug 1909 - 8 Aug 1910
Nuno de Freitas Queriol
(b. 1855 - d. 1924)
8 Aug 1910 - 16 Nov 1910
Alberto Celestino Ferreira Pinto (s.a.)
Basto (3rd time)
16 Nov 1910 - 8 May 1913
João Pery de Lind (1st time) (b. 1861
- d. 1930)
8 May 1913 - 21 Jun 1914
Eduardo Augusto Marques
21 Jun 1914 - 16 Jun 1919 João
Pery de Lind (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Jun 1919 - 26 Aug 1920 ....
26 Aug 1920 - 7 Jul 1921
João Pery de Lind (3rd
time) (s.a.)
7 Jul 1921 - 22 Apr 1923
José Augusto Alves Roçadas (b.
1865 - d. 1926)
Apr 1923 - Jul
1923 José
Augusto Faure da Rosa (acting)(b. 1873 - d. 1950)
14 Jul 1923 - 16 Mar 1925 Pedro Francisco Massano de
Amorim (b. 1862 - d. 1929)
Mar 1925 - Oct 1925
António Serpa
13 Oct 1925 - 16 May 1927 Henrique Monteiro Correia
da Silva (b. 1878 - d. 1935)
16 May 1927 - 22 May 1929 ....
22 May 1929 - 6 Aug 1932
Carlos de Almeida Pereira (1st time)
6 Aug 1932 - 27 Feb 1933
Jaime dos Santos Pato (acting)
27 Feb 1933 - 8 Jun 1933
Carlos de Almeida Pereira (2nd time)
8 Jun 1933 - 28 Sep 1933 ....
28 Sep 1933 - 8 Apr 1942 Luís António de
Magalhãis Correia (b. 1873 - d. 1960)
8 Apr 1942 - 13 May 1942 ....
13 May 1942 - 18 Jul 1942 Alexandre Alberto de Sousa
Pinto (b. 1880 - d. 1982)
Nyassa Company Territories of Cabo Delgado (Niassa)
9 Mar
1893
Royal decree confirming the creation of the Companhia
do Niassa
(Company of Nyassa), a chartered
company receiving full
administrative and economic jurisdiction over the
Mozambican
territories of Cabo Delgado and Niassa, with
headquarters at
Porto Amélia (modern Pemba).
Oct
1894
Cabo Delgado and Niassa transferred from
colonial to company
administration (Territórios de Cabo
Delgado [Niassa]).
27 Oct 1929
Charter
revoked, Cabo Delgado and Niassa restored
to direct
Portuguese colonial administration (as Niassa
district).
Governors
the of Territories of Cabo Delgado (Niassa)
27 Oct 1894 - 11 Jun
1896 Joaquim Sanches de Rolão Preto
(1st time)
12 Jun 1896 - 7 Jul
1896 Constâncio José de Brito (acting) (b.
c.1864 - d. 1948)
8 Jul 1896 - 29 Sep
1896 Joaquim Sanches de Rolão Preto
(2nd time)
29 Sep 1896 - 11 Dec
1897 Francisco António
Leopoldino (b. 1859 -
d. c.1927)
Gonçalves (interim)
12 Dec 1897 - 23 Dec
1899 Joaquim Manuel Guerreiro de Amorim
24 Dec 1899 - 21 Aug
1901 João Abel Antunes de
Mesquita (b. 1848
- d. 19..)
Guimarães
22 Aug 1901 - 27 Oct 1902 José Maria Martins Pereira
(acting)
28 Oct 1902 - 11 Dec 1902 Henrique Carlos Lima
(acting)
12 Dec 1902 - 26 Mar 1904 Ernesto Jardim de
Vilhena
(b. 1876 - d. 1967)
27 Mar 1904 - 27 Oct 1904 Francisco Carlos Pedroso
(acting)
28 Oct 1904 - 16 Jan 1905 Joaquim da Silva Tórres
(1st time)
(acting)
17 Jan 1905 - 18 Aug 1908 João dos Santos Pires
Viegas
19 Aug 1908 - 26 Apr 1911
Tomás António de Oliveira Mata (b.
1878 - d. 19..)
e Dias (1st time)(acting)
27 Apr 1910 - 27 Oct 1910 José de
Serpa Pimentel de Sousa (b. 1879 - d. 1929)
Coutinho
28 Oct 1910 - 26 Jul 1911 Tomás António de Oliveira
Mata (s.a.)
e Dias (2nd time)(acting)
27 Jul 1911 - 20 Feb 1912 Joaquim da Silva Tórres
(2nd time)
(acting)
21 Feb 1912 - Mar 1913 Tomás António de
Oliveira Mata (s.a.)
e Dias (3rd time)
17 Mar 1913 - 10 Jul
1913 Abílio de Lobão Soeiro (1st time) (b.
1860 - d. 1924)
(acting)
11 Jul 1913 - 21 Jan
1914 Joaquim da Silva Tórres (3rd time)
(acting)
22 Jan 1914 - 9 Jun
1914 Abílio de Lobão Soeiro (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
10 Jun 1914 - 5 Jul 1915 Tomás António de
Oliveira Mata (s.a.)
e Dias (4th time)
Jul 1915 - 1920
Abílio de Lobão Soeiro
(3rd time) (s.a.)
1920 -
1922
Joaquim da Silva Tórres (4th time)
1 Jul 1922 - 1924?
João Henriques
Pinheiro
30 Mar 1924 -
1929
Carlos Fernandes Brou
Chinde British Concession
![[Flag of the United Kingdom] [Flag of the United
Kingdom]](gb.gif)
7 May 1892 - 1923
|
11 Jun
1891
Anglo-Portuguese Treaty annex agrees to grant the U.K a
concession
at
Chinde (Tchinde), near the mouth of the Zambezi River, in
exchange for a Portuguese concession on
Lake Nyasa shore.
7 May
1892
Chinde concession formally signed to the U.K., for 99
years
starting from 1 Jan 1892, by Portugal
(subordinated to British
Central Africa [from 6 Jul 1907, Nyasaland] Protectorate).
1 Jan
1896
Outer (or extra) concession granted, but without
duty exemption.
1898
Concession is slightly enlarged to account for
river erosion.
24 Feb 1922
Violent cyclone strikes, wrecks much
of the concession.
18 Apr
1922
Railroad from Beira to Chindo opens bypassing Chinde.
1923
Concession is abandoned by the British.
19 May 1925
Concession formally terminated by
Portugal.
British Vice-Consuls and Agents, Chinde
1891 - 1894
James Gilbert King
(b. 1864 - d. 1896)
1894 - 1897
Ralph Belcher
(b. 1860 - d. 19..)
1897
Joseph Edward McMaster
(b. 18.. - d. 1900)
20 Aug 1897 - 1 Nov 1898 Reginald
Charles Fulke Greville (b. 1866 - d.
1956)
(from 1905, Reginald Charles Fulke Maugham)
1 Nov 1898 - 1900
Edgar Errol Napier MacDonell (b.
1874 - d. 1928)
1 Jan 1901 - 1902
Stanley Hewitt-Fletcher (1st time) (b. 1866 - d. 1936)
Aug 1902 - Apr
1903 John Oliver
Bowhill (acting)
Apr 1903 - Oct
1903 George
Cecil Lingard Ray (1st time)(b. 1870 - d. 1907)
(acting)
1903 - 1904
Thomas Alexander Varis
Best (b. 1870 -
d. 1941)
(acting)
1904 - 1907
Stanley Hewitt-Fletcher (2nd time) (b. 1866 - d. 1936)
1907 - 11 Aug 1907
George Cecil
Lingard Ray (2nd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
1908 - 30 Sep 1909 Stanley
Hewitt-Fletcher (3rd time) (s.a.)
British Consuls and Agents, Chinde
30 Sep 1909 - 3 Dec 1910 Stanley
Hewitt-Fletcher (1st time) (s.a.)
3 Dec 1910 -
1911 Guy
Henry Vienot Mercier (1st time)(b. 1875 - d. 1935)
(interim)
1911 - 6 Feb 1918
Stanley Hewitt-Fletcher (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Feb 1918 - 1923
Guy Henry Vienot Mercier (2nd time)(s.a.)
Delagoa Bay
![[National flag of the
Netherlands] [National flag of the
Netherlands]](nl.gif)
1721 - 1730
|
-
![[Austrian War
Ensign] [Austrian War Ensign]](ah-wens.gif)
- 1777 - 1781
|
29 Mar
1721
Dutch East India Company founds Fort and
Factory Lijdzaamheid
(Lydsaamheid)("Fort Endurance") at
Delagoa Bay (Baía da Lagoa)
at site
of modern Maputo (subordinated to Cape Colony).
19 Apr 1722 - 28 Jun 1722 Pirate
occupation of the settlement.
27 Dec
1730
Post is abandoned.
1762 -
1766
Attempted Portuguese settlement.
3 May 1777
Austrian ship Joseph und
Theresia under the Triestier Compagnie
(Imperial Asiatic Company of Trieste and Antwerp) lands
and the
Austrians erect the forts of Saint Joseph and Saint
Maria
(Insel in der Bai von de la Goa).
28 Apr
1781
Portuguese authorities expel the Austrians.
Dutch Chiefs (Opperhoofden)
of Ft. Lijdzaamheid
29 Mar 1721 - 31 May 1721 Willem
van Taak
(b.
c.1692 - d. 1721)
31 May 1721 -
1722
Casparus Swertner
(d. 1722)
Apr 1722 - 28 Jun
1722 John Taylor -Pirate
commander
1722 - May
1724
Jean Michel
Jun 1724 -
1726
Jan van de Capelle (1st time)
15 May 1726 - 8 Jan 1727
Jan de Koning
(d. 1727)
8 Jan 1727 - 27 Dec 1730
Jan van de Capelle (2nd time)
Austrian Heads of the Factory
3 May 1777 - 1 Jul 1777 Wilhelm Boltz
(Bolts) -Commander
1 Jul 1777 - 28 Apr 1781 André Daniel Pollet
20 Jul 1780 - Apr 1781 William
Manwaring
(d. 1781)
(acting for Pollet)
© Ben Cahoon |