Lebanon
 

to 1 Oct 1918   c.1697 - 1842 Banu Shihab Flag   1861 - 1915 Mount Lebanon   1 Oct 1918 - 8 Oct 1918 8 Oct 1918 - 1 Sep 1920 1 Sep 1920 - 7 Dec 1943 Adopted 7 Dec 1943           7 Dec 1943 - 7 Dc 1995 Variant  Map of Lebanon Hear National Anthem "an-Nashid al-Watani al-Lubnani" (Lebanese National Anthem): unofficially - "Kulluna lil-watan" (All of us! For Our Country) Text of National Anthem Adopted 12 Jul 1927 Constitution (23 May 1926)  Capital: Beirut (Bayrut) Currency: Lebanese Pound (LBP); 1920-48 Lebanon-Syria Pound (XLSP); 1918-20 Egyptian Pound (EGP)  National Holiday: 22 Nov (1943) Eid al-Istiklaal (Independence Day) Population: 5,364,482 (2024) GDP: $72.63 billion (2021) Exports: $12.6 billion (2022) Imports: $24.16 billion (2022)  Ethnic groups: Lebanese Arab 71.2%, Palestinian Arab 12.1%, Armenian 6.8%, Kurd 6.1%, other 2.6% (2000) note: many Christian Lebanese do not identify as   Arab, but rather as descendants of the ancient  Canaanites and prefer to be called Phoenicians. Total Active Armed Forces: 60,000 (2021) Hezbollah Forces: 20,000 (2017 est.) UNIFIL Force: 10,147 (2024) Merchant marine: 51 ships (2023) Religions: Muslim 67.8% (31.9% Sunni, 31.2% Shia, smaller percentages of Alawites and Ismailis), Christian 32.4% (Maronite Catholics are the largest Christian group), Druze 4.5%, very small numbers of Jews, Baha'is, Buddhists, and Hindus (2020) note: 18 religious sects recognized  International Organizations/Treaties: ABEDA, AFESD, AIIB (applicant), AL, AMF, AOAD, APA, Arabsat, BTWC, CAEU, CCM, CTBT, CWC, EBRD, ENMOD (signatory), ESCR, FAO, G-24, G-77, GAFTA, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, Moon, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OST, PAM, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)  Lebanon Index Chronology c.1500 BC - 300 BC         Location of Phoenician cities of Byblos (Jubayl),                              Tyre, Sidon, and Beyryt (Beirut). c.1503 BC - c.1200 BC      Part of the Egyptian Empire. c.1370 BC - c.1200 BC      Hittites take control of northern Syria. c.1150 BC - c.730 BC       Local kingdoms (Phoenicians, Canaanites, etc.) c.730 BC - c.605 BC        Part of of (Neo-) Assyrian Empire. c.605 BC - 538 BC          Part of the (Neo-) Babylonian Empire. 539 BC - 332 BC            Part of the Persian (Achaemenid) Empire. 332 BC - 323 BC            Part of Macedonia (under Alexander "the Great.") 323 BC - 301 BC            Part of (Antigonid) Kingdom of Macedonia. 301 BC - 198 BC            Part of the (Ptolemaic) Kingdom of Egypt. 198 BC - 64 BC             Part of the Seleucid Empire. 64 BC - 36 BC              Part of the Roman Republic. 36 BC - 30 BC              Part of the Kingdom of Egypt under Cleopatra VII                              (nominally a vassal of Rome). 30 BC - 259 AD             Part of the Roman Empire. 259 AD - 272 AD            Part of Palmyrene Empire. 272 AD - 395 AD            Part of the Roman Empire. 17 Jan 395 - 635           Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. 635 - 1089                 Part of the Muslim Arab (Rashidun 635-661, Umayyad                              661-750, Abbasid 750-909, and Fatimid 909-1057)                              1071-1089) Caliphates. 1071 - 1089                Part of the Seljuk (Seljukid) Empire. 15 Jul 1099 - 31 Jul 1291  Christian Crusaders occupy coastal ports (fall of                              Acre 18 May 1291; Sidon 1 Jan 1188 [retaken                              11 Aug 1197-1249 and May 1250] and 14 Jul 1291;                              Beirut [Barut/Baruth] 6 Aug 1187 [retaken 23 Oct                              1197] and 31 Jul 1291; and Tripoli on 26 Apr 1289). 1118                       Emirs of the Banu Ma`n (Maanid) replace the                              (somewhat legendary) al-Tanukh dynasty. 1287 - 1516                Part of Mameluke Sultanate of Egypt. 1516 - 1918                Part of the Ottoman Empire. 1585 - 1590                Direct Ottoman rule. 1660                       Eyalet of Sa`ida (Safad) established (later renamed                              Eyalet of Sidon, from c.1840 Eyalet of Beirut). 1697                       Banu Shihab (Chehab) replace the Banu Ma`n. 23 Jun 1772 - 28 Jun 1772  Russian occupation of Beirut. 10 Oct 1773 - Feb 1774     Russian occupation of Beirut. Feb 1799 - May 1799        French occupy Levantine parts of Syria (Acre under                              siege 19 Mar - 21 May 1799). Dec 1831                   Egyptians, under Muhammad Ali, occupy the Levantine                              ports of Syria (Sidon Dec 1831 - 27 Sep 1840,                              Beirut Dec 1831 - 3 Oct 1840, Acre 27 May 1832 -                              3 Nov 1840). 14 May 1833 - Feb 1841     Annexed by Egypt as part of Syria (nominally                              remaining under Ottoman suzerainty).  9 Sep 1840 -  3 Nov 1840  U.K. bombards and occupies Levantine ports (Haifa                              18 Sep 1840, Tyre 25 Sep 1840, Sidon 25 Sep 1840,                              Beirut 10 Oct 1840, and Acre 3 Nov 1840), to                              compel the Egyptians to withdraw from Syria.  3 Nov 1840                Ottoman administration restored at Sidon/Acre. 16 Jan 1842                Mount Lebanon emirate ended, Ottomans divide                              Lebanon administratively, creating a Christian                              district in the north and an area under Druze                               control in the south.  16 Aug 1860 -  5 Jul 1861  French led European expeditionary force to                              protect Christians following 1860 Mount Lebanon                              civil war.  9 Jun 1861                Special status of Mount Lebanon within Ottoman                               Empire (Ottomans abrogate autonomy 11 Jul 1915). 30 Sep 1918                Ottoman forces withdraw from Beirut.  6 Oct 1918                Shukri Pasha al-Ayyubi, the representative of Emir                              Faisal, and Arab forces arrives in Beirut.  8 Oct 1918                Occupied by France (and U.K. to 24 Oct 1918).  1 Sep 1920                State of Greater Lebanon (Dawlat Lubnan al-Kabir/                              État du Grand Liban). 29 Sep 1923 - 22 Dec 1943  Syria and Lebanon a League of Nations Mandate                              under France (passed by the League 24 Jul 1922                              [headquartered in Beirut [Beyrouth]).  1 Sep 1926                Republic of Lebanon (al-Jumhuriyya al-Lubnaniyya                              [to 7 Dec 1943 = République Libanaise]).  10 Jun 1940 - 15 Jul 1941  Administration loyal to Vichy France                              (after 15 Jul 1941 Free French). 15 Jul 1941 - 31 Dec 1946  Anglo-French occupation (U.K. exits 17 Apr 1946). 26 Nov 1941                Independence from France declared.  8 Nov 1943 - 22 Nov 1943  France imprisons President El-Khoury and Prime                              minister Riad al-Solh at Rashaya. 22 Dec 1943                Independence recognized by France (mandate is de                              facto dissolved following the conclusion of the                              Tripartite Agreement [Convention conclue à Damas]                              between France, Syria, and Lebanon). 30 Oct 1948 - 23 Mar 1949  Israel occupies 13 villages in a strip of land                              around (and including) the Lebanese town of                              Houla, as part of the operations capturing the                              Galilee during in the Arab-Israeli War. 31 May 1976 - 30 Apr 2005  Syrian troops occupy Lebanon, centered in the                              Beqaa Valley. 14 Mar 1978 - 13 Jun 1978  Israeli invasion of Southern Lebanon, occupying                              southern Lebanon up to the Litani River (except                              for Tyre).  6 Jun 1982 -  5 Jun 1985  Israeli invasion of Lebanon (occupying Tyre 7 Jun                              1982-29 Apr 1985, Sidon 8 Jun 1982-16 Feb 1985,                              Jizzin 8 Jun 1982-24 Apr 1985, siege of Beirut                              14 Jun-21 Aug 1982, occupying west Beirut 15-28                              Sep 1982, and western Bekaa Valley 24 Jun 1982 -                              24 Apr 1985).  6 Jun 1982 - 22 May 2000  Southern Lebanon occupied by Israel. 22 Jul 2006 -  1 Oct 2006  Israeli invasion, in response to Hezbollah cross-                              border and missile raids, resulting in a brief                              re-occupation of Southern Lebanon.  14 Oct 2008                Syria recognizes Lebanon's sovereignty,                              establishing diplomatic relations.   4 Aug 2020                Massive explosion in the Port of Beirut results in                              the death of at least 203 people. French Mandate Syria & Lebanon (1919-1946) South Lebanon (1978-2000) UNIFIL (1978-) Maronite Catholic Church Map of Religious Divisions 1983 Historical Maps of Lebanon

Emirs (title al-Amir al-Hakim - ruling emir)
1516 - 1544                Fakhr al-Dein I                    (d. 1544) 
1544 - 1585                Karkamaz ibn Fakhr al-Dein 
1585 - 1635                Fakhr al-Dein II ibn Karkamaz      (b. 1572 - d. 1635) 
1635                       Ali ibn Fakhr al-Dein (II)         (d. 1635)
1635 - 1657                Molhem ibn Yones ibn Karkamaz      (d. 1657) 
1657 - 1697                Ahmad ibn Molhem 
1697 - 1706                Bashir (I) ibn al-Husayn
1706 - 1732                Haydar ibn Musa                    (d. 1781)
1732 - 1758                Malham ibn Haydar
1758 - 1770                al-Mansur ibn Haydar               (d. 1774)
                           + Ahmad ibn Haydar (to 1763)
1760                       al-Qasim ibn `Umar (in rebellion)
1770 - 1778                Yusuf ibn Malham (1st time)
1778 - 1780                Ahmad ibn Malham
                           + Afandi ibn Malham
1780 - 1789                Yusuf ibn Malham (2nd time)
1789 - 1790                Bashir (II) ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (b. 1767 - d. 1850)
                             (1st time)
1790                       Yusuf ibn Malham (3rd time)
1790                       Bashir (II) ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1790 - 1793                Haydar ibn Malham
                           + Qa`dan ibn Muhammad (1st time)
1793                       al-Husayn ibn Yusuf (1st time)
                           + Salim ibn Yusuf (1st time)
                           + Sa`d ad-Din ibn Yusuf (1st time)
1793 - 1795                Bashir (II) ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1795                       al-Husayn ibn Yusuf (2nd time)
                           + Salim ibn Yusuf (2nd time)
                           + Sa`d ad-Din ibn Yusuf (2nd time)
1795 - 1799                Bashir (II) ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (s.a.)
                            (4th time)
1799 - 1800                al-Husayn ibn Yusuf (3rd time)
                           + Salim ibn Yusuf (3rd time)
                           + Sa`d ad-Din ibn Yusuf (3rd time)
1800 - 1801                Bashir (II) ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (s.a.)
                             (5th time)
1801                       al-`Abbas ibn Asad (1st time)
1801                       Qa`dan ibn Muhammad (2nd time)
                           + Salman ibn Ahmad (1st time)
1801 - 1821                Bashir (II) ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (s.a.)
                             (6th time)
1821                       al-Hasan ibn `Ali (1st time)
                           + Salman ibn Ahmad (2nd time)
1821 - 1822                Bashir (II) ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (s.a.)
                             (7th time)
1822                       al-Hasan ibn `Ali (2nd time)
                           + Salman ibn Ahmad (3rd time)
1822                       al-`Abbas ibn Asad (2nd time)
1822 - 12 Oct 1840         Bashir (II) ibn al-Qasim ibn `Umar (s.a.)
                             (8th time)(in dissidence from 8 Oct 1840)
 8 Oct 1840 - 16 Jan 1842  Bashir (III) ibn al-Qasim          (b. 1775 - d. 1860)
Walis in Sa`ida (Sidon) and Acre
1700 - 1703                Kaplan Pasha al-Matarji
1703 - 1706                Arslan Pasha al-Matarji            (d. 1706)
1706 - 1712                Bashir Pasha al-Matarji (1st time)
1712 - 1715                Uthman Pasha Abu Tawq (1st time)   (d. 1727)
                             (= Kücük Osman Pasha)
1715 - 1716                Bashir Pasha al-Matarji (2nd time)
1716 - 1717                Genç Ahmed Pasha
1717 - 1718                Uthman Pasha Abu Tawq (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1718 - 17..                Hafiz Ahmad Pasha
Nov 1722 - 1723            Damat Hafiz Ahmed Pasha
1723 - 1725                Ahmad Pasha Abu Tawq (1st time)
1725 - 1726                Uthman Pasha Abu Tawq (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1726 - 1728                Köprülü Abdullah Pasha             (b. 1684 - d. 1735)
1720 - 1730                Sulayman Pasha al-Azm              (d. 1743)
1730 - 1734                Ahmad Pasha Abu Tawq (2nd time)
1734 - 1737                Sa'deddin Pasha al-Azm (1st time)  (d. 1762)
1737 - 1741                Ibrahim Pasha al-Azm (1st time)
1741 - 1742                As'ad Pasha al-Azm
1742                       Yaqub Pasha
1742 - 1744                Ibrahim Pasha al-Azm  (2nd time)
1744 - 1748                Sa'deddin Pasha al-Azm (2nd time)  (s.a.)
23 Jul 1746 - Jan 1757     Musa Pasha al Azm (de facto ruler)
1748 - 1750                Uthman Pasha al-Muhassil al-Halabi (d. 1750)
1750 - 1752                Mustafa Pasha al-Qawwas (1st time)
1752 - 1753                Sa'deddin Pasha al-Azm (3rd time)  (d. 1762)
1754 - 1755                Mustafa Pasha al-Qawwas (2nd time)
27 Feb 1755 - 27 Sep 1756  Mustafa Pasha al-Azm
1756 - 1759                Sa'deddin Pasha al-Azm (4th time)  (s.a.)
1760 - 1763                Nu'man Pasha
1763 - 1770                Muhammad Pasha al-Azm              (d. 1783)
1770 - 1771                Darwish Pasha al-Kurji
1774 - 21 Aug 1775         `Umar az-Zahir bin `Umar           (b. c.1689 - d. 1775)
                              az-Zaydani (de facto)
1775 - Apr 1804            Ahmad Pasha al-Djazzar (Jezzar)    (b. c.1735 – d. 1804)
1804 - 1805                Ibrahim Pasha Qataraghasi
1805 – 1819                Süleyman Pasha al-Adil             (b. c.1760 - d. 1819)
1819                       Bashir Shihab (de facto)
27 Jan 1820 - Jun 1822     Abdullah Pasha (1st time)          (d. 1831)
1822                       Darwish Mehmed Pasha
Apr 1823 - May 1832        Abdullah Pasha (2nd time)          (s.a.)
27 May 1832 - 10 Oct 1840  Egyptian rule
1833 - 1838/36             Husayn Abd al-Hadi                 (d. 1835/36)
                             (Egyptian governor of Sidon)
Nov 1840 - Mar 1841        Köse Ahmed Zekeriya Pasha
Mar 1841 - Dec 1841        Eneste/Haseki Mehmed Selim Pasha
Dec 1841 - Jul 1842        Mehmed Izzet Pasha                 (b. 1798 - d. 1876)
1842                       Mustafa Pasha
1842                       Selim Pasha
1842 -  7 Dec 1842         Ömer Pasha (= Mikhaylo Latas)      (b. 1806 - d. 1871)
Aug 1842 -  9 Apr 1845     Ayasli Asad Mehmed Muhlis Pasha 
 9 Apr 1845 – Jan 1846     Yozgatli Mehmed Vecihi Pasha  
Jan 1846 - Sep 1847        Mühendis Mehmed Kamil Pasha
Sep 1847 - Jul 1848        Mustafa Sherifi Pasha
Aug 1848 - Sep 1851        Salih Vamik (Femiq) Pasha (1st time)
Sep 1851 – Sep 1852        Pepe Mehmed Emin Pasha
Sep 1852 – Mar 1855        Salih Vamik (Femiq) Pasha (2nd time)
Mar 1855 - Dec 1855        Mahmud Nedim Pasha                 (b. 1818 - d. 1883)
Dec 1855 - Jun 1857        Salih Vamik (Femiq) Pasha (3rd time)
Jun 1857 – 17 Jul 1860     Arnavud Mehmed Khurshid Pasha 
17 Jul 1860 -  9 Jun 1861  Mehmed Fuad Pasha                  (b. 1814 - d. 1869)
16 Aug 1860 -  5 Jul 1861  Charles Marie Napoléon de Beaufort (b. 1804 - d. 1890)
                             d'Hautpoul -French Commander
Aug 1860 – Feb 1863        Kaysarli Ahmad Pasha
Feb 1863 - Feb 1864        Mehmed Kabuli Pasha                (b. 1812 – d. 1877)
Feb 1864 – Apr 1865        Mehmed Khurshid Pasha
Walis of Beirut
1875 - 1877                Uzenetek Ali Beg                   (d. 1877) 
1877 - 1879                Ra'uf Efendi (Ra'uf Pasha)
18.. - 1883                Ibrahim Pasha
1883 - 1887                Nasuhi Bey
Dec 1887 - Mar 1889        Örfi Pasazade Sarabçi Ali Pasha    (b. 1829 – d. 1889)
Apr 1889 - Jul 1889        Mehmed Sherif Rauf Pasha           (b. 1838 - d. 1921)
Jul 1889 - Dec 1891        Ahmed Aziz Pasha                   (b. 1835 - d. 1903)
Dec 1891 - Jul 1892        Vlora Ismail Kemal Bey             (b. 1844 - d. 1919)
Jul 1892 - Aug 1894        Babanzade Khalil Khalid Bey
Aug 1894 - Mar 1897        Abdülhalik Nasuhi Bey              (b. 1837 - d. 1912)
Mar 1897 - Jul 1897        Huseyni Nazim Pasha                (b. 1854 - d. 1927)  
Jul 1897 – Sep 1903        Reshid Mumtaz Pasha
Sep 1903 - Dec 1908        Ibrahim Khalil Pasha 
Dec 1908 - May 1910        Dirvana Ibrahim Edhem Bey
May 1910 - Sep 1911        Mehmed Nureddin Bey                (b. 1868 - d. 1911)
Sep 1911 – Aug 1912        Abu Bakr Hazim Bey (1st time)
Aug 1912 - Mar 1913        Edhem (Adham) Bey
 7 Mar 1913 - Jun 1913     Abu Bakr Hazim Bey (2nd time)
Jun 1913 - Sep 1913        Yegenaga Ali Münif Bey             (b. 1874 - d. 1951)
1913 – 1915                Bekir Sami Bey                     (b. 1867 - d. 1933)
Jun 1915 - Jun 1918        Akalin Mustafa Azim Bey   
Jun 1918 - 30 Sep 1918     Ismail Haqqi Bey                   (b. 1870 - d. 1936)
30 Sep 1918 -  6 Oct 1918  Omar al-Daouk                      (b. 1875 - d. 1949)
 6 Oct 1918 -  8 Oct 1918  Shukri Pasha al-Ayyubi
                             (representative of Emir Faisal)
Governors (mutassarifs) of Mount Lebanon
Jun 1861 - May 1868        Davud Pasha (Garabet Artin)        (b. c.1816 - d. 1873)
Jun 1868 -  2 Feb 1873     Franko Kusa Nasri Pasha            (b. 1814 - d. 1873)
Mar 1873 - Mar 1882        Rüstem Pasha                       (b. 1810 - d. 1885)
 9 May 1882 - 26 Jun 1892  Vasa Pasha                         (b. 1824 - d. 1892)
15 Aug 1892 -  2 Aug 1902  Duhani Naum Nimetullah Pasha       (b. 1846 - d. 1911)
27 Sep 1902 - 28 Jun 1907  Muzaffer Pasha                     (b. 1843 - d. 1907)
                             (= Władysław Czajkowski)
Jul 1907 - Dec 1912        Franko Kusa Yusuf Pasha            (b. 1856 - d. 1933)
Jan 1913 - Sep 1915        Ohannes Kouyoumdjian Pasha         (b. 1858 - d. 1933)
25 Sep 1915 - 15 May 1916  Yegenaga Ali Münif Bey             (s.a.)
May 1916 - Aug 1918        Ismail Haqqi Bey                   (s.a.)
15 Aug 1918 - 30 Sep 1918  Mümtaz Bey                         (b. 1859 - d. 1925)
30 Sep 1918 -  7 Oct 1918  Habib Saleh Fayyad
 7 Oct 1918 -  8 Oct 1918  Habib Pacha Es-Saad                (b. 1867 - d. 1942)
                             (Habib Basha al-Sa'd)
                             (appointed by Shukri Pasha al-Ayyubi)
French Military Governors of Occupied Enemy Territory Administration - West
 8 Oct 1918 - 19 Nov 1918  Marie Antoine Philpin de Piépape   (b. 1870 - d. 1946)
19 Nov 1918 - 21 Nov 1919  Jules Camille Hamelin              (b. 1866 - d. 1958)
1919 -  1 Sep 1920         François Georges Barb
Governors
 1 Sep 1920 - 25 May 1923  Albert Michel Antoine Trabaud      (b. 1872 - d. 1935)
25 May 1923 - 27 Jun 1924  Privat-Antoine Aubouard (interim)  (b. 1874 - d. 1934)
27 Jun 1924 - 13 Jan 1925  Charles Alexis Vandenberg          (b. 1858 - d. 1942)
13 Jan 1925 - 26 May 1926  Léon Henri Charles Cayla           (b. 1881 - d. 1965)
                             (interim to 16 Jul 1925)
Presidents¹
26 May 1926 -  2 Jan 1934  Charles Debbas (Sharil Dabbas)     (b. 1885 - d. 1935)  Non-party
                             (from 10 May 1932, president of government
                             with the courtesy title of President)  
 2 Jan 1934 - 30 Jan 1934  Privat-Antoine Aubouard (acting)   (s.a.)               Non-party
30 Jan 1934 - 20 Jan 1936  Habib Pacha Es-Saad                (s.a.)               Non-party
20 Jan 1936 -  4 Apr 1941  Émile Eddé (1st time)              (b. 1886 - d. 1949)  KW
                             (Imil Ibrahim Iddah)
 4 Apr 1941 -  9 Apr 1941  Pierre Georges Arlabosse (acting)  (b. 1891 - d. 1950)  Non-party
 9 Apr 1941 - 18 Mar 1943  Alfred Georges Naccache            (b. 1887 - d. 1978)  KPL 
                             (Alfrid Jurj al-Naqqash)
                             (acting to 1 Dec 1941)
19 Mar 1943 - 21 Jul 1943  Ayoub Tabet (acting)               (b. 1874 - d. 1947)  Non-party
21 Jul 1943 - 23 Sep 1943  Petro Iskandar Trad                (b. 1886 - d. 1947)  Non-party
                             (Bitru Iskandar Tarrad)
23 Sep 1943 - 11 Nov 1943  Béchara Khalil El-Khoury (1st time)(b. 1892 - d. 1964)  DP
                             (Bisharah Khalil al-Khuri)
                             (French prisoner at Rashaya 8-22 Nov 1943)
11 Nov 1943 - 22 Nov 1943  Émile Eddé (2nd time)              (s.a.)               KW
22 Nov 1943 - 18 Sep 1952  Béchara Khalil El-Khoury (2nd time)(s.a.)               DP
18 Sep 1952 - 23 Sep 1952  Fouad Abdallah Chehab (1st time)   (b. 1902 - d. 1973)  Mil
                             (acting)(Fuad 'Abd Allah Shihab)
23 Sep 1952 - 22 Sep 1958  Camille Nimer Chamoun              (b. 1900 - d. 1987)  DP/NLP
                             (Kamil Nimr Sham'un)
23 Sep 1958 - 22 Sep 1964  Fouad Abdallah Chehab (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Non-party
23 Sep 1964 - 22 Sep 1970  Charles Alexandre Hélou            (b. 1912 - d. 2001)  KPL
                             (Sharil Iskandar Hulw)
23 Sep 1970 - 22 Sep 1976  Suleiman Kabalan Franjieh          (b. 1910 - d. 1992)  MM + LF
                             (Sulayman Qabalan Faranjiyah)
23 Sep 1976 - 22 Sep 1982  Elias Youssef Sarkis               (b. 1924 - d. 1985)  Non-party
                             (Ilyas Yusuf Sarkis)
23 Sep 1982 - 22 Sep 1988  Amin Pierre Gemayel²               (b. 1942)            KPL
                             (Amin Biyar al-Jumayyil)
23 Sep 1988 -  5 Nov 1989  Salim Ahmed al-Hoss (1st time)³    (b. 1929 - d. 2024)  Non-party
                             (acting) (Salim Ahmad al-Huss)
23 Sep 1988 - 13 Oct 1990  Michel Naim Aoun³                  (b. 1933)            Mil
                             (acting, in dissidence)
 5 Nov 1989 - 22 Nov 1989  René Anis Moawad                   (b. 1925 - d. 1989)  KPL
                             (Rinih Anis Mu'awwad)
22 Nov 1989 - 24 Nov 1989  Salim Ahmed al-Hoss (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (acting)
24 Nov 1989 - 23 Nov 1998  Elias Hrawi                        (b. 1926 - d. 2006)  Non-party
                             (Ilyas Khalil al-Harrawi)
23 Nov 1998 - 23 Nov 2007  Émile Geamil Lahoud                (b. 1936)            Non-party
                             (Imil Jamil Lahhud)
24 Nov 2007 - 25 May 2008  Fouad Siniora (acting)             (b. 1943)            FM + M14
                             (Fu'ad 'Abd al-Basit al-Sanyurah)
25 May 2008 - 24 May 2014  Michel Suleiman                    (b. 1948)            Non-party
                             (Mishal Nihad Sulayman)
25 May 2014 - 31 Oct 2016  Tammam Saeb Salam (acting)         (b. 1945)            Non-party
                             (Tammam Sa'ib Salam)
31 Oct 2016 - 30 Oct 2022  Michel Naim Aoun                   (b. 1933)            FPM
                             (Mishal Na'im 'Awn)
31 Oct 2022 -              Najib Azmi Mikati (acting)         (b. 1955)            TA + M8
                             (Muhammad Najib 'Azmi Miqati)

President of the Administrative Council
 1 Oct 1918 -  7 Oct 1918  Habib Pacha Es-Saad                (s.a.)
President of the Representative Council
 8 May 1922 - 31 May 1926  Habib Pacha Es-Saad                (s.a.)
Prime ministers¹
31 May 1926 -  5 May 1927  Auguste Adib Pacha (1st time)      (b. 1860 - d. 1936)  Non-party
 5 May 1927 - 10 Aug 1928  Béchara Khalil El-Khoury (1st time)(s.a.)               DP
10 Aug 1928 -  9 May 1929  Habib Pacha Es-Saad                (s.a.)               Non-party
 9 May 1929 - 11 Oct 1929  Béchara Khalil El-Khoury (2nd time)(s.a.)               DP
11 Oct 1929 - 25 Mar 1930  Émile Eddé                         (s.a.)               KW
25 Mar 1930 -  9 Mar 1932  Auguste Adib Pacha (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
 9 Mar 1932 - 29 Jan 1934  Charles Dabbas                     (s.a.)               Non-party
29 Mar 1934 - 30 Jan 1936  Abdullah Bayhum (1st time)(acting) (b. 1879 - d. 1962)  Non-party
30 Jan 1936 -  5 Jan 1937  Ayoub Tabet (1st time) (acting)    (s.a.)               Non-party
 5 Jan 1937 - 18 Mar 1938  Khayreddin al-Ahdab                (b. 1894 - d. 1941)  Non-party
18 Mar 1938 - 24 Oct 1938  Khaled Chehab (1st time)           (b. 1892 - d. 1978)  Non-party
24 Oct 1938 - 21 Sep 1939  Abdullah Aref Yafi (1st time)      (b. 1901 - d. 1986)  Non-party
21 Sep 1939 -  4 Apr 1941  Abdullah Bayhum (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Non-party
 7 Apr 1941 - 26 Nov 1941  Alfred Georges Naccache            (s.a.)               KPL
 1 Dec 1941 - 26 Jul 1942  Ahmed Daouk (1st time)             (b. 1892 - d. 1979)  Non-party
26 Jul 1942 - 22 Mar 1943  Sami Bey al-Solh (1st time)        (b. 1890 - d. 1968)  Non-party
22 Mar 1943 - 21 Jul 1943  Ayoub Tabet (2nd time) (acting)    (s.a.)               Non-party
 1 Aug 1943 - 25 Sep 1943  Petro Iskandar Trad                (s.a.)               Non-party
25 Sep 1943 - 10 Jan 1945  Riad Bey al-Solh (1st time)        (b. 1894 - d. 1951)  DP
                             (French prisoner at Rashaya 8-22 Nov 1943)
10 Jan 1945 - 20 Aug 1945  Abdul Hamid Karami                 (b. 1890 - d. 1950)  Non-party
23 Aug 1945 - 22 May 1946  Sami Bey al-Solh (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Non-party
22 May 1946 - 14 Dec 1946  Saadi al-Munla                     (b. 1890 - d. 1975)  Non-party
14 Dec 1946 - 14 Feb 1951  Riad Bey al-Solh (2nd time)        (s.a.)               DP
14 Feb 1951 -  7 Apr 1951  Hussein al-Oweini (1st time)       (b. 1900 - d. 1971)  Non-party
 7 Apr 1951 - 11 Feb 1952  Abdullah Aref Yafi (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
11 Feb 1952 -  9 Sep 1952  Sami Bey al-Solh (3rd time)        (s.a.)               Non-party
10 Sep 1952 - 14 Sep 1952  Nazim Akkari                       (b. 1902 - d. 1985)  Non-party
14 Sep 1952 - 18 Sep 1952  Saeb Salam (1st time)              (b. 1905 - d. 2000)  Non-party
24 Sep 1952 - 30 Sep 1952  Abdullah Aref Yafi (3rd time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
 1 Oct 1952 -  1 May 1953  Khaled Chehab (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Non-party
 1 May 1953 - 13 Aug 1953  Saeb Salam (2nd time)              (s.a.)               Non-party
16 Aug 1953 - 16 Sep 1954  Abdullah Aref Yafi (4th time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
16 Sep 1954 - 19 Sep 1955  Sami al-Solh (4th time)            (s.a.)               Non-party
19 Sep 1955 - 20 Mar 1956  Rashid Karami (1st time)           (b. 1921 - d. 1987)  PSP
20 Mar 1956 - 18 Nov 1956  Abdullah Aref Yafi (5th time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
27 Nov 1956 - 20 Sep 1958  Sami al-Solh (5th time)            (s.a.)               Non-party
20 Sep 1958 - 24 Sep 1958  Khalil al-Hibri (acting)           (b. 1904 - d. 1979)  Non-party
24 Sep 1958 - 14 May 1960  Rashid Karami (2nd time)           (s.a.)               PSP
14 May 1960 -  1 Aug 1960  Ahmed Daouk (2nd time)             (s.a.)               Non-party
 2 Aug 1960 - 31 Oct 1961  Saeb Salam (3rd time)              (s.a.)               Non-party
31 Oct 1961 - 20 Feb 1964  Rashid Karami (3rd time)           (s.a.)               PSP
20 Feb 1964 - 25 Jul 1965  Hussein al-Oweini (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Non-party
25 Jul 1965 -  9 Apr 1966  Rashid Karami (4th time)           (s.a.)               PSP
 9 Apr 1966 -  2 Dec 1966  Abdullah Aref Yafi (6th time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
 7 Dec 1966 -  8 Feb 1968  Rashid Karami (5th time)           (s.a.)               PSP
 8 Feb 1968 - 15 Jan 1969  Abdullah Aref Yafi (7th time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
15 Jan 1969 - 13 Oct 1970  Rashid Karami (6th time)           (s.a.)               PSP
13 Oct 1970 - 25 Apr 1973  Saeb Salam (4th time)              (s.a.)               Non-party
25 Apr 1973 - 21 Jun 1973  Amin Hafez                         (b. 1926 - d. 2009)  ABS
21 Jun 1973 - 31 Oct 1974  Takieddin al-Solh (1st time)       (b. 1908 - d. 1988)  Non-party
31 Oct 1974 - 24 May 1975  Rashid al-Solh (1st time)          (b. 1926 - d. 2014)  Non-party
24 May 1975 - 30 Jun 1975  Nureddin Rifai                     (b. 1899 - d. 1980)  Mil
 1 Jul 1975 -  8 Dec 1976  Rashid Karami (7th time)           (s.a.)               PSP
 8 Dec 1976 - 20 Jul 1980  Salim Ahmed al-Hoss (1st time)     (s.a.)               Non-party
20 Jul 1980 - 25 Oct 1980  Takieddin al-Solh (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Non-party
25 Oct 1980 - 30 Apr 1984  Shafiq Wazzan                      (b. 1925 - d. 1999)  Non-party
30 Apr 1984 -  1 Jun 1987  Rashid Karami (8th time)           (s.a.)               NSF
 1 Jun 1987 - 24 Dec 1990  Salim Ahmed al-Hoss (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Non-party
23 Sep 1988 - 13 Oct 1990  Michel Naim Aoun³                  (s.a.)               Mil
                             (military government, in opposition)
24 Dec 1990 - 13 May 1992  Omar Karami (1st time)             (b. 1934 - d. 2015)  Non-party
13 May 1992 - 31 Oct 1992  Rashid al-Solh (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Non-party
31 Oct 1992 -  6 Dec 1998  Rafiq Bahaeddine Hariri            (b. 1944 - d. 2005)  FM
                             (1st time) 
 6 Dec 1998 - 23 Oct 2000  Salim Ahmed al-Hoss (3rd time)     (s.a.)               Non-party
23 Oct 2000 - 21 Oct 2004  Rafiq Bahaeddine Hariri            (s.a.)               FM
                             (2nd time)
21 Oct 2004 - 19 Apr 2005  Omar Karami (2nd time)             (s.a.)               ALP
19 Apr 2005 - 19 Jul 2005  Najib Azmi Mikati (1st time)       (s.a.)               TA
19 Jul 2005 -  9 Nov 2009  Fouad Siniora                      (s.a.)               FM + M14
 9 Nov 2009 - 13 Jun 2011  Saad Hariri (1st time)             (b. 1970)            FM + M14
13 Jun 2011 - 15 Feb 2014  Najib Azmi Mikati (2nd time)       (s.a.)               TA + M8
15 Feb 2014 - 20 Dec 2016  Tammam Saeb Salam                  (s.a.)               Non-party
20 Dec 2016 - 21 Jan 2020  Saad Hariri (2nd time)             (s.a.)               FM + M14
21 Jan 2020 - 10 Sep 2021  Hassan Diab                        (b. 1959)            Non-party
10 Sep 2021 -              Najib Azmi Mikati (3rd time)       (s.a.)               TA + M8
                             (interim from 22 May 2022)

French-mandated Syria and Lebanon (headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon)

British Commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force
 8 Oct 1918 - 21 Nov 1919  Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby        (b. 1861 - d. 1936)

High Commissioner of the French Republic in Palestine and Syria
Oct 1918 - Nov 1918        Robert Coulondre (interim)         (b. 1885 - d. 1959)
High Commissioner of the French Republic for Syria and Armenia (Cilicia)
Nov 1918 - 21 Nov 1919     François Marie Denis Georges-Picot (b. 1870 - d. 1951)
High Commissioners of the French Republic in Syria and Cilicia
21 Nov 1919 - 23 Nov 1922  Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud        (b. 1867 - d. 1946)
23 Nov 1922 - 17 Apr 1923  Robert de Caix (acting)            (b. 1869 - d. 1970)
19 Apr 1923 - 29 Nov 1924  Maxime Weygand                     (b. 1867 - d. 1965)
29 Nov 1924 - 23 Dec 1925  Maurice Paul Emmanuel Sarrail      (b. 1856 - d. 1929)
23 Dec 1925 - 23 Jun 1926  Bertrand Henry Léon Robert de      (b. 1876 - d. 1935)
                             Jouvenel des Ursins
Aug 1926 - Jul 1933        Auguste Henri Ponsot               (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
16 Jul 1933 - Jan 1939     Damien de Martel, comte de Martel  (b. 1878 - d. 1940)
Jan 1939 - Nov 1940        Gabriel Puaux                      (b. 1883 - d. 1970)
24 Nov 1940 - 27 Nov 1940  Jean Chiappe (did not take office) (b. 1878 - d. 1940)
 6 Dec 1940 - 16 Jun 1941  Henri Fernand Dentz                (b. 1881 - d. 1945)
Delegates-general and Plenipotentiaries
24 Jun 1941 -  7 Jun 1943  Georges Albert Julien Catroux      (b. 1877 - d. 1969)
                             (also chief of the Free French in the Levant states)
 7 Jun 1943 - 23 Nov 1943  Jean Helleu                        (b. 1885 - d. 1955)
23 Nov 1943 - 23 Jan 1944  Yves Chataigneau                   (b. 1891 - d. 1961)
23 Jan 1944 -  1 Sep 1946  Étienne Paul Émile Marie Beynet    (b. 1883 - d. 1969)

General Officers Commanding in Chiefs of British Forces (from 21 Aug 1942, for Irag and Iran)
(subordinated to the Middle East Command)  
 8 Jun 1941 - 18 Feb 1943  Sir Henry Maitland Wilson          (b. 1881 - d. 1964)
18 Feb 1943 - 18 Feb 1944  Sir Henry Royds Pownall            (b. 1887 - d. 1961)
18 Feb 1944 -  1 Mar 1946  Sir Arthur Francis Smith           (b. 1890 - d. 1977)
British Resident Ministers to the Republics of Syria and Lebanon 
Jul 1941 - 15 Dec 1944     Edward Louis Spears                (b. 1886 - d. 1974)
                             (from Jan 1942, Sir Edward Louis Spears)
                             (head of U.K. mission, Syria and the Lebanon to Jan 1942)
22 Dec 1944 - Aug 1946     Terence Allen Shone                (b. 1894 - d. 1965)

 ²replaced Bachir Gemayel (b. 1947 - d. 1982) KPL, who was elected on 23 Aug 1982, but was assassinated on 14 Sep 1982 before he could take office.  

 ³acting because Bashir Gemayel (b. 1947 - d. 1982) KPL elected on 22 Aug 1982 - 14 Sep 1982  was assassinated 14 Aug 1982 before taking office. General Michel Naim Aoun (s.a.) chaired a military cabinet in dissidence from 23 Sep 1988 - 13 Oct 1990 and also claimed to be the acting president.

Territorial Disputes: Lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms area in the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights; the roughly 2,000-strong UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) has been in place since 1978. 

Party abbreviations: ADP = Hizb al-'Arabi al-Dimuqrati (Arab Democratic Party, Arab nationalist, Arab socialist, pro-Syrian, Alawite Muslim, est.1974); ALP = Hizb al-Taharor al-'Arabi (Arab Liberation Party, mainly Sunni Muslim, HB ally); AM = Harakat 'Amal ("Hope" Movement, conservative, Arab nationalist, populist, officially secular mainly Shia Muslim, est.1974); FM = Tayyar al-Mustaqbal (Future Movement, Hariri personalist, center-right, officially secular mainly Sunni, est.1992); FPM = at-Tayyar al-Waṭani al-Horr (Free Patriotic Movement, nationalist, christian democratic, pro-Michel Aoun, mainly Maronite Christian, est.2005); HB = Hezbollah (Party of God, Islamist, pro-Iranian, Shia Muslim, est.1982); HM = Harakat Majd (Glory Movement, centrist, est.2004); KPL = Hizb al-Kata'ib al-Lubnaniya (Lebanese Phalanges Party "Phalange", christian democratic, National conservative, Phoenicianist, mainly Maronite Christian, est.1 Aug 1936); KW = al-Kutlah al-Wataniyyah (National Bloc, liberal conservative, pro-western, center-right, mainly Maronite Christian, est.1936); M8 = Tahaluf 8 Adhar (March 8 Alliance, pro-Syrian coalition of AM, ADP, ALP, FPM [from 2006], HB, and SSNP, est.2005); M14 = Tahaluf 14 Adhar (March 14 Alliance, anti-Syrian coalition of FM, FPM [to 2006], KPL, KW, NLP, and PSP [to 2011], est.2005); MM = Tayyar al-Marada (Marada Movement, nationalist, christian democratic, center-right, officially secular, mainly Christian, est.1967); NLP = Hizb al-Wataniyyin al-Ahrar (Party of Free Nationalists, conservative-liberal, mainly Maronite Christian, est.1959); PSP = Hizb al-Taqadummi al-Ishtiraki (Progressive Socialist Party, socialist, secular, mainly Druze, est.5 Jan 1949); TA = Tayyar al-Azm (Azm Movement, centrist, secular, Najib Mikati personalist, est.2004); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: ABS = Hizb al-Ba'ath al-'Arabi al-Ishtiraki (Arab Baath Socialist Party, Lebanese branch of the undivided Ba'ath Party, 1949/50-1966); DP = al-Kutla ad-Dustuuriyya (Constitutional Bloc, Hizb al-Ittihad ad-Dustuuri [Constitutional Union Party], liberal nationalist, nonsectarian, pro-National Pact, centrist, 1934-1958); HA = al-Hilf al-Thulathi (Tripartite Alliance, mainly Christian, anti-Shihab coalition of KPL, KW, and NLP, 1968-1976); HI = Hizb al-Istiqlal (Independence Party, Arab independence movement, est.1919); LF = Jabhat al-Lubnaniyya (Lebanese Front, right-wing mainly Christian coalition, incl. KPL, MM, Lebanese Forces, NLP, 1976-1990); LNM = al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya (Lebanese National Movement, Arab nationalist, anti-Maronite, leftist coalition of ABS, al-Hizb ash-Shuyu'i al-Lubnani [Lebanese Communist Party], PSP, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and al-Hizb al-Suri al-Qawmi al-'Ijtima'i [Syrian Social Nationalist Party] [SSNP], 1969-1982); NSF = National Salvation Front (pro-Syrian coalition of Sunni Muslim, Druze, and some Christians, mainly in the north of Lebanon, est.Jul 1983)

30 Oct 1948 - 23 Mar 1949  Israel occupies 13 villages in a strip of land around, 
                             and including, the Lebanese town of Houla, near the 
                             Israeli-Lebanese border as part of the operation capturing
                             the Galilee during in the Arab-Israeli War.
14 Mar 1978                Israeli invasion of Southern Lebanon, "Operation Litani",
                             occupying southern Lebanon up to the Litani River, except for
                             the city of Tyre, to push the Palestine Liberation Organization
                             (PLO) forces away from the border in response to the Coastal
                             Road massacre.
19 Mar 1978                United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) established,
                             the first troops arrive in Lebanon on 23 Mar 1978.
13 Jun 1978                Israel withdraws most of its troops from Southern Lebanon.
18 Apr 1979                Saad Haddad declares the area controlled by Free Lebanon Army as
                             "Free State of Lebanon" (Dawlat Lubnan al-Hurr)(not recognized).
May 1980                   Free Lebanon Army renamed the Army of South Lebanon (also called 
                             South Lebanese Army)(Jaysh Lubnan al-Janubi)(SLA). 
 6 Jun 1982                Israeli invasion, "Operation Peace for Galilee", following
                             repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the PLO operating
                             in southern Lebanon and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
Sep 1982 –  5 Jun 1985     Israel withdraws its troops to the South Lebanon Security Belt 
                             in southern Lebanon, the zone was patrolled by the IDF and SLA.
14 Jan 1984                Free State of Lebanon authority quickly deteriorates with the
                             death of Sa'ad Haddad. It retains only a provisional
                             administration of which only the military force of the state
                             continued to function under Antoine Lahad.
16 Feb 1985                The South Lebanon Security Belt declared by Israel, occupied by
                             the IDF and SLA.
 1 Jun 1999                Israel withdraws from Jizzin (Jezzine).
24 May 2000                Israel evacuates Southern Lebanon and the South Lebanon Security
                             Belt is dissolved, as a result the SLA disintegrates.
28 May 2000                Abu Arz (Étienne Saqr)(b. 1937) declares a Lebanese government in
                             exile in Israel (later Nicosia, Cyprus) to no effect.
22 Jul 2006 -  1 Oct 2006  Israeli invasion in response to Hezbollah cross-border and
                             missile raids, resulting in a brief re-occupation of Southern
                             Lebanon. 

Commanders of the Army of South Lebanon
18 Apr 1979 - 14 Jan 1984  Sa'ad Haddad                       (b. 1936 - d. 1984)
                             (also head of government of Free State of Lebanon) 
 4 Apr 1984 - 24 May 2000  Antoine Lahad                      (b. 1927 - d. 2015)

Israeli Commanders of the Lebanon Liaison Unit (LLU)
1978 - 1980                Yoram Hamizrachi                   (b. 1942 - d. 2010)
                             (Liaison Officer for Southern Lebanon)
1980 - 1981                Meir Dagan (1st time)              (b. 1945 - d. 2016)
Nov 1981 - Dec 1982        Ephraim Sneh                       (b. 1944)
1982                       David Maimon                       (b. 1929 - d. 2010)
                             (of Lebanon Assistance Unit)
Dec 1982 - Apr 1984        Meir Dagan (2nd time)              (s.a.)
Apr 1984 - Apr 1985        Shlomo Ilya                        (b. 1942)
Apr 1985 - Aug 1986        Daniel "Danny" Rothschild          (b. 1946)
Aug 1986 - Jun 1988        David Agmon                        (b. 1947)
Jun 1988 - Feb 1991        Zeev Zakharin                      (b. 1950)
Feb 1991 - Oct 1992        Moshe "Chiko" Tamir                (b. 1964)
Oct 1992 - Jul 1994        Gabi Ashkenazi                     (b. 1954)
Jul 1994 - Jun 1996        Giora Inbar                        (b. 1955)
Jun 1996 - Feb 1998        Eli Amitai (1st time)              (b. 1957)
Feb 1998 - 28 Feb 1999     Erez Gerstein                      (b. 1960 - d. 1999)
 1 Mar 1999 - May 1999     Eli Amitai (2nd time)(acting)      (s.a.)
May 1999 - 24 May 2000     Binyamin "Benny" Gantz             (b. 1959)

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

 
Heads of Mission and Force Commanders of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
23 Mar 1978 - Feb 1981     Emmanuel Alexander Erskine (Ghana) (b. 1935 - d. 2021)
Feb 1981 - May 1986        William Bull O'Callaghan (Ireland) (b. 1921 - d. 2015)
Jun 1986 - Jun 1988        Johan Edvin Birger Gustav Hägglund (b. 1938)
                             (Finland)
Jul 1988 - Feb 1993        Lars Eric Wahlgren (Sweden)        (b. 1929 - d. 1999)
23 Feb 1993 -  1 Apr 1995  Trond Furuhovde (Norway)           (b. 1939 - d. 2006)
 1 Apr 1995 - 30 Sep 1997  Stanisław Franciszek Woźniak       (b. 1946)
                             (Poland)
 1 Oct 1997 - 30 Sep 1999  Jioji "George" Konousi Konrote     (b. 1947)
                             (Fiji) 
30 Sep 1999 -  1 Dec 1999  James "Jim" Sreenan (Ireland)
                             (acting)
 1 Dec 1999 - 15 May 2001  Seth Kofi Obeng (Ghana)            (b. 1945)
15 May 2001 - 17 Aug 2001  Ganesan Athmanathan (India)(acting)
17 Aug 2001 - 17 Feb 2004  Lalit Mohan Tewari (India)         (b. 1947 - d. 2004)
17 Feb 2004 - 17 Feb 2007  Alain Pellegrini (France)          (b. 1946)
17 Feb 2007 - 28 Jan 2010  Claudio Graziano (Italy)           (b. 1954 - d. 2024)
28 Jan 2010 - 28 Jan 2012  Alberto Teófilo Asarta Cuevas      (b. 1951)
                             (Spain)
28 Jan 2012 - 24 Jul 2014  Paolo Serra (Italy)                (b. 1956)
24 Jul 2014 - 19 Jul 2016  Luciano Portolano (Italy)          (b. 1960)
19 Jul 2016 -  7 Aug 2018  Michael Beary (Ireland)            (b. 1956)
 7 Aug 2018 - 28 Feb 2022  Stefano Del Col (Italy)            (b. 1961)
28 Feb 2022 -              Aroldo Lázaro Sáenz (Spain)        (b. 1962)