Kiribati
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- 15 Apr 1884 - 28
Jun 1884 Abemama
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- 28 Jun 1884 - 1889 Abemama
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- 1889 - 27 May 1892
Abemama
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- 1895 - 1937
British Gilbert Islands Resident's
Flag
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- 1 May 1937 - 1 Oct
1975
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- 1 Oct 1975 - 12
Jul 1979
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- Adopted 12 Jul
1979
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Map
of Kiribati
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Hear
National Anthem
"Teirake kaini Kiribati"
(Stand Up Kiribati)
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Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 12 Jul 1979
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Constitution
(12 Jul 1979)
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Capital:
Tarawa
(Butaritari 1892-27 Jan
1916;
Tapiri 17 Jan 1916-1945;
Bairiki 1945-12 Jul
1976)
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Currency:
Kiribati Dollar (KID) (from 1979);
Australian Dollar
(AUD)
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National
Holiday: 12 Jul (1979)
Independence Day
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Population:
109,367 (2018)
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GDP: $227
million (2017)
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Exports:
$84.7 million (2017)
Imports: $107.1
million (2017)
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Ethnic groups:
I-Kiribati 96.2%, I-Kiribati/mixed
1.8%,
Tuvaluan 0.2%, other 1.8% (2015)
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Total Police
Force: 458 (2012)
Defense assistance is
provided by Australia & New
Zealand
Merchant marine:
111 ships (2018)
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Religions:
Roman Catholic 57.3%, Kiribati Uniting
Church 31.3%, Mormon 5.3%, Baha'i
2.1%, Seventh-Day
Adventist 1.9%, other 2.1%, (2015)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
ADB, AOSIS, APA, APM, C, CTBT, CWC, FAO,
IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, IRENA, ISA, ITU,
ITUC, NPT, OPCW, PC, PIF (withdrawing),
UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO,
UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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Kiribati
Index
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Chronology
21 Dec
1605
Spanish Capt. Pedro Fernández de
Quirós
sights Butaritari, which he names Buen
Viaje.
2 Jul
1765
Nikunau sighted by British Capt. John
Byron.
May
1788
British Capt. Thomas Gilbert aboard
the Charlotte
visits, what is later called, Gilbert
Islands.
....
Abemama kingdom established.
1820
Named Gilbert Islands by Russian
Admiral Adam
von Krusenstern (b. 1770 - d. 1846).
4 Feb 1878
Under British
jurisdiction by the British Western
Pacific order (of 14 Aug 1877).
27 May 1892
Gilbert Islands declared a British
protectorate
by H.M. Davis of the HMS
Royalist.
9-16 Oct
1892
Ellice Islands declared a
British protectorate (see
under Tuvalu).
26 Sep
1901
Ocean (Banaba)
Island annexed by U.K.
12 Jan
1916
Gilbert and Ellice Islands a
British crown colony.
12 Jan 1916 - 2 Jan
1976 Part of the British
Western Pacific Territories.
18 Mar 1937
Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
annexed by U.K.
8 Apr
1937
Phoenix Islands (Canton, Enderbury,
Hull, Birnie,
Gardner, Phoenix, Sydney, McKean,
Christmas,
Caroline, Starbuck, Malden, Flint and
Vostok
islands) part of Gilbert and Ellice
Islands
(by Order-in-Council of
18 Mar 1937).
29 Feb 1916 - 1 Jan
1949 Colony includes Union Group
(see Tokelau).
9 Dec
1941-20/23 Nov 1943 Japanese
occupation (occupation: Makin 10 Dec
1941-17 Aug 1942, from 30 Aug
1942, Butaritari
19 Aug 1942, Ocean
Island 26 Aug 1942 - 10 Oct
1945; Abemama 31 Aug 1942 - 23
Nov
1943,
Tarawa 9 Dec 1941 and Sep
1942-23 Nov 1943).
Nov 1943 -
1945
Gilbert Islands under U.S. military
administration,
(from 1 Oct 1944, under Marshall
Islands Area),
U.K. civil administration continues.
1 Oct
1975
Separation of the Ellice Islands as Tuvalu.
12 Jul
1979
Independence of the Gilbert Islands
as
Independent and Sovereign Republic of
Kiribati.
20 Sep
1979
U.S. recognizes Canton (Kanton),
Enderbury, Hull
(Orona), Birnie, Gardner (Nikumaroro),
Phoenix
(Rawaki), Sydney (Manra), McKean,
Christmas
(Kiritimati), Caroline, Starbuck,
Malden, Flint
and Vostok islands as part of Kiribati
(effective 23 Sep 1983).
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Abemama
(to 1911)
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Banaba (Ocean)
Island
(1900-1945)
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Canton
and
Enderbury
Islands
(1939-1979)
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Christmas Island
(Kiritimati)
(1888-1979)
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Chiefs of Abemama (title Uea)
.... - ....
Mangkia
.... - ....
Mwea
.... - ....
Teannaki
.... - ....
Tetabo
.... -
....
Namoriki
.... - 1840
Karotu
(b. 1791 - d.
af.1840)
1840 - 1850
Tawaia
(d. 1850)
1850 - 1878
Baiteke
1878 - 10 Nov
1891
Binoka
(b. c.1838 - d. 1891)
10 Nov 1891 - 15 May 1892 Timon
(Simon) -Regent
(b. c.1840 - d. 1892)
15 May 1892 - c.1895
Paul Bauro I
(b. 1882 - d. 1895?)
c.1895 - 1911
John R. Tokatake
1911 - 1944
Tekinaiti
1944 - 19..
Taburimai
Chiefs of Butaritari (title Uea)
.... - ....
Atanga
.... - ....
Kakiaba
.... - ....
Tetabakea
.... - ....
Teauoki
.... - ....
Teatumateatata
.... - ....
Teitimaroroa
.... - ....
Kaiea I
.... - ....
Teitei
.... - ....
Bakatokia
.... - ....
Bureimoa
.... - 1912
Tabu
(d. 1912)
1912 - 1954
Kaiea II
(d. 1954)
1954 - 1959
Koriri
(d. 1959)
1959 - 1963
Nan Uraura
(d. 1963)
Resident Commissioners of the Gilbert and Ellice
Islands
Oct 1893 - Nov 1895
Charles Richard
Swayne
(b. 1843 - d. 1921)
Nov 1895 - Jun 1903
William Telfer Campbell (1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1929)
Jun 1903 - Apr
1904 R.H.
Cogswell (1st time)(acting)
Apr 1904 - Jan 1907
William Telfer Campbell (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 1907 - Apr 1907
R.H. Cogswell (2nd time)(acting)
Apr 1907 - Jan
1909 William
Telfer Campbell (3rd time) (s.a.)
Jan 1909 - Jun 1909
Arthur William Mahaffy (acting) (b. 1866 -
d. 1919)
Jun 1909 - Sep 1909
R.H. Cogswell (3rd time)(acting)
Sep 1909 - Feb
1913 John
Quayle-Dickson
(b. 1860 - d. 1945)
Feb 1913 - Oct
1913 George
McGhee Murdoch (acting) (b. 1857 - d.
19..)
Oct 1913 - Sep 1915
Edward Carlyon Eliot (1st time) (b. 1879
- d. 1940)
Sep 1915 - Dec 1915
Charles Rufus Marshall Workman
(b. 1874 - d. 1942)
(1st time) (acting)
Dec 1915 - May 1916
Edward Carlyon Eliot (2nd time) (s.a.)
May 1916 - Jan 1917
Charles Rufus Marshall
Workman (s.a.)
(2nd
time) (acting)
Jan 1917 - May 1918
Edward Carlyon Eliot (3rd time)
(s.a.)
May 1918 - Sep
1918 S.F.
Anderson (1st time)(acting)
Sep 1918 - May 1919
Edward Carlyon Eliot (4th time)
(s.a.)
May 1919 - Nov
1919 Charles
Robert Keyte (acting) (b. 1883
- d. 19..)
Nov 1919 - Apr 1920
Edward Carlyon Eliot (5th
time) (s.a.)
Apr 1920 -
Jul 1920 Arthur
Francis Grimble (1st time) (b. 1888 - d. 1956)
Jul 1920 - May 1921 Thomas
Dundas Hope Bruce (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1940)
May 1921 - Sep
1921 S.F.
Anderson (2nd time)(acting)
Sep 1921 - Jan
1922 William
Thomas Lockhart Bentley (b. 1890 - d. 1924)
(acting)
Jan 1922 - Feb
1922 Arthur
Francis Grimble (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
Feb 1922 - 1 Jan 1926
Herbert Reginald
McClure
(b. 1883 - d. 1926)
Oct 1925 -
1933
Arthur Francis
Grimble
(s.a.)
(acting to Jan 1926)
Aug 1932 - Dec
1933 Charles
A. Swinbourne
(b. 1884 - d. 1956)
(acting
for Gimble)
3 Dec 1933 - 19 Dec 1941 Jack
Charles
Barley
(b. 1887 - d. 1956)
Japanese Commanders
9 Dec 1941 -
1942 Shigetoshi
Miyazaki
(b. 1897 - d. 1942)
1942 - 17 Aug 1942 Kanemitsu
Kyuzaburō
(d. 1942)
Sep 1942 - 22 Feb 1943 Keisuke Matsuo
(b. 1890? - d. 1943)
22 Feb 1943 - Jul 1943
Saichirō Tomonari
(b. 1887 - d. 1962)
Sep 1943 - 20 Nov 1943
Keiji Shibazaki
(b. 1894 - d. 1943)
Resident Commissioners
Mar 1942 - Aug 1942 S.G.
Clarke (acting)
Aug 1942 - Nov 1945 Vivian
Fox-Strangways
(b. 1898 - d. 1974)
Dec 1941 - Aug
1942 Cyril
George Fox Cartwright
(b. 1920 - d. 1943)
(acting for Fox-Strangways)
18 Dec 1943 - 1 Oct 1944 Carl Henry
Jones
(b. 1893 - d. 1958)
(U.S.
commander Gilbert Islands Subarea)
Nov 1945 - Jan 1946
Henry Evans Maude (1st
time) (b. 1906 -
d. 2006)
(acting)
Jan 1946 - Oct
1946 David
Curtiss Innes Wernham (b.
1912 - d. ....)
(acting)
Oct 1946 - Dec 1948
Henry Evans Maude (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting to Dec 1946)
Dec 1948 - Feb
1949 Robert
James Keegan
(acting) (b. 1901 -
d. 19..)
Feb 1949 - Feb 1952
William John
Peel
(b. 1912 - d. 2004)
Feb 1952 - 5 Aug 1952
Brian Cuthbert Cartland (1st time) (b. 1913 - d. ....)
(acting)
5 Aug 1952 - Nov 1953
Michael Louis Bernacchi (1st time) (b. 1911 - d. 1983)
Nov 1953 - Mar
1954 Brian
Cuthbert Cartland (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
Mar 1954 - Aug 1955 Michael
Louis Bernacchi (2nd time) (s.a.)
Aug 1955 - May 1956 Frederick
Nigel Molière Pusinelli (b. 1919 - d. 2010)
(1st time)(acting)
May 1956 - Nov
1956 Michael
Louis Bernacchi (3rd time) (s.a.)
Nov 1956 - Jul 1957
Frederick Nigel
Molière Pusinelli (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
Jul 1957 - Apr
1959 Michael
Louis Bernacchi (4th time) (s.a.)
Apr 1959 - Sep
1959 Roy
Davies (1st time)(acting) (b. 1922?
- d. 1982)
Sep 1959 - Oct 1961
Michael Louis Bernacchi (5th time)
(s.a.)
Oct 1961 - Apr 1962
Roy Davies
(2ndtime)(acting)
(s.a.)
Apr 1962 - Jun 1964
Valdemar Jens
Andersen (1st time) (b. 1919 - d. 2004)
Jun 1964 - Oct
1964 Richard
Angeloni (acting) (b.
1920 - d. 2018)
Oct 1964 - Nov 1966
Valdemar Jens Andersen (2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 1966 - Mar
1967 Michael
M. Townsend (acting) (b. 1920 - d.
2015)
Mar 1967 - Jun 1969
Valdemar Jens Andersen (3rd time) (s.a.)
Jun 1969 - Jan 1970
Derek George Cudmore
(acting) (b. 1923 - d.
1981)
Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1971 Sir John
Osbaldiston
Field
(b. 1913 - d. 1985)
Governors
1 Jan 1972 - Apr 1973 Sir
John Osbaldiston
Field
(s.a.)
23 Jul 1973 -
1978
John Hilary
Smith
(b. 1928)
10 May 1978 - 12 Jul 1979 Reginald James
Wallace
(b. 1919 - d. 2012)
Presidents (title Beretitenti)
12 Jul 1979 - 10 Dec 1982 Ieremia Tienang Tabai
(1st time) (b.
1949)
NPP
(from 23 Oct? 1982, Sir Ieremia Tienang Tabai)
10 Dec 1982 - 18 Feb 1983 Rota Erimariki
Onorio
(b. 1919 - d. 2004)
(chairman of Council of State)
18 Feb 1983 - 3 Jul 1991 Sir Ieremia
Tienang Tabai
(s.a.)
NPP
(2nd time)
3 Jul 1991 - 24 May 1994 Teatao
Teannaki
(b. 1939 - d. 2016) NPP
24 May 1994 - 28 May 1994 Tekiree
Tamuera
(b. 1940) MTM
(chairman of Council of State)
28 May 1994 - 1 Oct 1994 Ata Teaotai
(b. 1953)
(chairman of Council of State)
1 Oct 1994 - 28 Mar 2003 Teburoro
Tito
(b.
1953)
MTM
28 Mar 2003 - 10 Jul 2003 Tion Otang
(chairman of Council of State) (b. 1955)
10 Jul 2003 - 11 Mar 2016 Anote
Tong
(b.
1952)
BTK
11 Mar 2016 -
Taneti Maamau
(b.
1960) TKP
Leader of Government Business
14 Apr 1971 - 30 Apr 1974 Reuben Kiraua
Uatioa
(b. 1924 - d. 1977) GNP
Chief ministers
1 May 1974 - 17 Mar 1978 Naboua
Ratieta
(b. 1938 - d. 1986) NNP
17 Mar 1978 - 12 Jul 1979 Ieremia Tienang
Tabai
(s.a.)
NPP
12 Jul
1979
Post abolished
Party abbreviations - (Note:
there is no tradition of formally organized political
parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions
or interest groups because they have no formal
platforms): BTK
= Boutokaan Te Koaua (Pillars of Truth, split from NPP);
KM = Kiribati Moa (Kiribati First,
split from TKP, est.Nov 2019); TKP =
Tobwaan Kiribati Party (Embracing Kiribati Party, BTK
opposition, merger of KTK and Maurin Kiribati, est.19
Jan 2016);
- Former parties:
CDP = Maneabau Te Mauri
(Christian Democratic Party, 1985-1994, merged into
MTM); GNP = Gilbertese
National Party (supported Gilbert-Ellice separation,
est.16 Oct 1965); KTK
= Karikirakean Tei I-Kiribati (United
Coalition Party, 2010-2016,
merged into TKP); MTM =
Maneaban Te Mauri (Protect the Maneaba,
christian-democratic, conservative, merger of CDP and
NPP, 2010 merged into KTK);
NPP = National Progressive Party (merged
into MTM)
Banaba (Ocean) Island
3 Jan
1801
Discovered by U.S. Capt. Jered Gardener, named Rodman's
Island.
1804
Re-discovered by British Capt. John Mertho aboard Ocean
and
named Ocean Island.
3 May
1900
Ceded to British Phosphate Company (BPC) by local
chiefs.
28 Nov
1900
Jurisdiction of the British Resident Commissioner for
Gilbert
and Ellice Islands is extended to Ocean Island.
28 Sep
1901
Annexed for U.K. by Adm. Tupper aboard HMS
Pylades.
19 May 1916
Included within the Gilbert and
Ellice Islands colony.
26 Aug 1942 - 1 Oct 1945 Japanese
occupation (renamed Oshiyan Jima).
1942
Japanese deport most islanders to Nauru or Tarawa.
15 Dec
1945
Islanders are relocated to Rabi Island, in Fiji.
1 Oct
1975
Part of the Gilbert Islands.
1977
Islanders begin to return.
12 Jul
1979
Part of independent Kiribati.
25 Nov
1979
Phosphate mining ends.
27 Jan 1980
Phosphate Commission's withdrawal
completed.
District Officers
1907 - 1942
the Resident
Commissioners
of Gilbert
and Ellice Islands
24 Sep 1940 - 4 Jan 1941 Francis
George Leopold Holland (b. 1884 - d. 1952)
(acting)
1 Sep 1942 - 1 Oct
1945 Naoomi Suzuki -Japanese
Commander (d. 1946)
1945 - 194.
R.F. Wakefield
194. - 195.
Paul B. Laxton
195. -
1955
R.G. Roberts
1955 - 19..
J.B. McCaig
1974 - 1975
Tupoa Samoa Leupena
c.1977 - 19..
Ian Richardson
Managers on Ocean
Island of the
British Phosphate Commission
1919 - 1925
W. McFarlane
1925 - 1931
A.A. McClintock
1931 - 1933
F.F. Christian
1933 - 1936
H.B. Maynard
1936 - 1942
George Joseph
Bridges (1st time)
1942 - 1945
Japanese occupation
Sep 1945 - 1951
George Joseph Bridges (2nd time)
(from 7 Jun 1951, Sir George
Joseph Bridges)
1951 - 1954
T.A. Adams
1954 - 1959
Walter Lindsay Isaac Verrier
(b. 1907 - d. 1981)
1959 - 1966
Tom Muir
1966 - 1971
Len Withers
1971 - 1974
B.L. Blundell
1974 - 1976
E.B. Chapman
1976 - 1979
R. Elliott
1979 - 27 Jan 1980
J.W. Saggers
Banaban Advisers on Rabi (appointed by Fiji
government)
1945 -
1946
Donald Gilbert
Kennedy
(b. 1898 - d. 1976)
1946 -
1949
Francis George Leopold Holland
(s.a.)
1949 -
1951?
Edward James
Coode
(b. 1918 - d. 1979)
1951 -
195.
S.G. Marshall
c.1954
R.T. Sanders
195. - 1 Jun
1965 Paul
B. Laxton
Chairmen of the Council of Leaders and Elders in Rabi (in
Fiji)
1965 -
1981?
Tebuke Rotan
1981? - 16 Dec
1991 Terubea
Rongorongo
Dec 1991 - Dec
1996 Bill
Cruickshank (acting)
Dec 1996 - Jan
2001 John Teaiwa
2001 -
2005
Iakoba Karutake
2005 -
2009
Teatu Rewi
2009 - Jun
2013
Paulo (Bauro) Vanualailai (1st time)
Jun 2013 - 2014?
Karia Christopher (interim)
2014? -
Paulo (Bauro) Vanualailai
(2nd time)
Canton (Kanton) and
Enderbury Islands
1823
Enderbury discovered by U.K.
Capt. James J. Coffin from the
ship Transit and
named Enderby Island, after Samuel
Enderby,
owner of a London whaling company. The
version 'Enderbury' is a
misspelling.
5 Aug 1824
Canton discovered, by two U.K. whaling ships: the Phoenix,
Capt.
John Palmer; and the Mary,
Capt. Edward Reed. The atoll was
initially named Mary Ballcout's Island
after the shipowner's
wife.
Dec
1823
Enderbury Island discovered by Capt. James Coffin on
British
ship Transit.
28 Aug
1840
Enderbury visited by the U.S. Exploring Expedition
under
Capt. Wilkes.
4 Mar
1854
U.S. whaling ship Canton under
Capt. Andrew Wing runs around
on reef on Canton Island, from which island got its
name.
1872
U.S. Capt. Meade aboard U.S.S. Narragansett
names it Canton Island.
10 Jul
1889
Enderbury Island claimed by Britain.
6 Aug
1936
Canton Island claimed by Britain (and reclaimed on 3 Jun
1937).
8 Apr
1937
Phoenix Islands part of British Gilbert and Ellice
Islands colony
(by
Order-in-Council of 18 Mar 1937).
8 Jun
1937
U.S. National Geographic Society expedition on Canton
and led by
astronomer Samuel Alfred Mitchell.
31 Aug 1937
HMS Leith lands 2
radio operators on Canton Island to
maintain British sovereignty.
3 Mar
1938
Canton and Enderbury Islands claimed by U.S.
6 Mar 1938 - 7
Feb 1942 Enderbury
colonized by U.S. (under Interior
Department).
7 Mar 1938 - 22 Mar
1940 Canton colonized by U.S. (under Interior
Department).
6 Apr 1939
Canton and
Enderbury Islands become a joint Anglo-American
condominium for fifty years.
13 Feb 1942 - 14 Oct 1946 U.S. Naval Air Facility
Canton Island.
Jan
1968
Canton Island Airport closed.
1976
U.S. ends its presence on the islands.
12 Jul
1979
Part of independent Kiribati.
20 Sep
1979 Canton
and Enderbury Islands are recognized by U.S. as
part of
Kiribati.
14 Feb 2008
Kiribati creates the Phoenix Islands
Protected Area (declared 20
Mar 2006)(Orona [Hull],
Nikumaroro [Gardner], Kanton [Aba-
Riringa], Manra [Sydney], Rawaki [Phoenix], McKean,
Birnie and
Enderbury).
British District Commissioners of the Phoenix
Group (on Canton)
c.1938
Francis Ivor Fleming
(b. 1888 - d. 1968)
Sep 1940 - 27 Sep 1941 Gerald
Bernard Gallagher
(b. 1912 - d. 1941)
c.1951 -
1955
Douglas Monteith Freegard
(b. 1918)
c.195. -
c.1962
Paul B. Laxton
c.1965
Tabunawati Takoa
(b. 1924)
U.S. Resident Administrators, Canton Island,
Phoenix Group (on Canton)
(from Nov 1946, the Civil Aeronautics
Administration island managers)
1938 - 1951/52
....
1951/52
Edwin A. Gillaspy
(b. 1907 - d. 1958)
1952 - 1956
William J. Evans
1956 - 1960
George Avery
c.1959/c.1962
J. Victor Cox
c.1962 - 1968
....
U.S. Island Leaders on Canton
8 Jun 1937 - Jun 1937
Samuel Alfred Mitchell
(b. 1874 - d. 1960)
(expedition leader)
7 Mar 1938 - 24 Mar 1939 James C. Kamakaiwi
(d. 1967)
24 Mar 1939 - 28 May 1939 Henry Fialkowski
(b. 1914 - d. 1978)
28 May 1939 - 9 Oct 1939 Sam
Kahalewai
(b. 1918
- d. 1977)
9 Oct 1939 - 12 Mar 1940 Maurice Paquette
12 Mar 1940 - 22 Mar 1940 Charles Stein
U.S. Military Commanders on Canton
13 Feb 1942 - 194.
Herbert D. Gibson
194. - 14 Oct 1946 ....
U.S. Island Leaders on Enderbury
6 Mar 1938 - 3 Dec 1938 Harold Kim
(1st time)
3 Dec 1938 - 23 Mar 1939 Charles Braun
23 Mar 1939 - 7 Jun 1939 James Kinney
7 Jun 1939 - 27 Jul 1940 Harold Kim (2nd
time)
27 Jul 1940 - 23 Mar 1941 Edward "Mike"
McCorriston
(b. 1917 - d. 1975)
23 Mar 1941 - Nov 1941 H.P.
Jensen, Jr.
Nov 1941 - 7 Feb 1942 Joseph
Kepoo
(b. 1917 - d. 1996)
Christmas (Kiritimati) Island
24 Dec
1774
Discovered by British Capt. James Cook,
named Christmas Island.
11 Mar
1857
Claimed for U.S.
Apr 1882
Annexed by
Britain by Capt. William Wiseman on HMS Caroline.
1902
U.K. grants a
99-year lease to Lever Pacific Plantations.
1907 -
1932
Leased by Emmanuel Rougier of France.
28 Nov 1919
U.K. reasserts its claim to
Christmas Island and annexes it
to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.
1936
U.S. challenges
Britain's claim to Christmas Island.
Feb
1937
British open radio station.
Oct 1941 - 1948
U.S. forces stationed on Christmas (Kiritimati) Island.
10 Feb 1942 - 1948
U.S.
Airbase on Christmas Island.
12 Jul
1979
Part of independent Kiribati.
20 Sep
1979
Recognized as part of Kiribati by the U.S.
Proprietor
1907 - 1932
Emmanuel
Rougier
(b. 1864 - d.
1932)
Plantation manager
1915 -
1919
Joe English
© Ben Cahoon
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