WorldStatesmen.org Home
return to Israel >> to Palestinian Authority >>

 
 

Jerusalem
Contents: Jerusalem - East Jerusalem - No Man's Land (UNTSO) - French Domain in the Holy Land -
 
[Municipality of Jerusalem de
                                    facto flag from 1958 (Israel)]
Israeli city flag Adopted 13 Nov 1958
(de facto)

Map of Jerusalem
Map of 1947
UN Partition Plan

Historical Jerusalem Maps
Population:
919,438
(2018),
263,307 (1967),
157,000 (1944)

c.4000 BC                  Earliest settlements at present-day Jerusalem.
c.1010 BC - 586 BC         Capital of Kingdom of Israel (from c.931 BC Judah only); era
                             of the First Jewish Temple.
c.612 BC - 539 BC          Part of Babylonian Empire. 
Aug 586 BC                 Kingdom of Judah and first Temple destroyed by the Babylonians.
539 BC - 332 BC            Part of the Persian (Achaemenid) Empire.
332 BC - 301 BC            Part of Macedonia (under Alexander "the Great" to 323 BC).
301 BC - 200 BC            Part of the (Ptolemaic) Kingdom of Egypt.
200 BC - 110 BC            Part of the Seleucid Empire.
167 BC - 160 BC            Maccabees (Maqabim) revolt against Seleucid rule.
140 BC - 6 AD              Capital of Kingdom of Judea (
Roman client state from 63 BC).
40 BC - 37 BC              Occupied by Parthian (Arsacid) Empire.
63 BC - 259 AD             Part of the Roman Empire.
41 AD - 44 AD              Capital of Kingdom of Judaea (briefly restored by Claudius for
                             Herod Agrippa), afterward reverting to a Roman province.
Aug 66 - 16 Apr 73         First Jewish revolt (Romans retake Jerusalem and the Second
                             Temple is destroyed 30 Aug 70 [Tisha B'Av]).
66 - 68                    Judean provisional government established in Jerusalem during the
                             Jewish revolt.
130                        Jerusalem re-founded as Colonia Aelia Capitolina by the Roman
                             Emperor Hadrian.

259 - 272                  Part of the Palmyrene Empire.
272 - 17 Jan 395           Part of the Roman Empire.
17 Jan 395 - Apr 637       Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.

May 614 - 628              Sasanian occupation (614-617 Jewish autonomy granted under

                             Nehemiah Ben Hushiel Ben Ephraim Ben Yosef [d. 617]).
Apr 637                    Muslim conquest (Dome of the Rock inaugurated 691).
Apr 637 - Jul 1073         Part of the Muslim Arab (Rashidun 637-661, Umayyad 661-750,
                             Abbasid 750-909, then Fatimid 909-1071 and 1098-1099) Caliphates.
Jul 1073 -  8 Aug 1098     Part of the Seljuk (Seljukid) Empire.
 8 Aug 1098 - 15 Jul 1099  Fatimid Caliphate rule briefly restored.
15 Jul 1099 - 31 Jul 1291  Part of the Latin Christian Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (fall
                             of Jerusalem 2 Oct 1187 [retaken 17 Mar 1229] and 4 Aug 1244)
.
 2 Oct 1187 - 11 Jul 1244  Part of the Ayyubid Sultanate.
11 Jul 1244 - 23 Aug 1244  Khwarezmian sack of Jerusalem.
23 Aug 1244 - 24 Aug 1516  Part of the Mameluke (Mamluk) Sultanate of Egypt.
24 Aug 1516 - 10 Dec 1917  Part of the Ottoman Empire; part of the Eyalet (province) of
                             Damascus (Jerusalem occupied  28 Dec 1516).
Dec 1831 - Jan 1841        Egyptian occupation of Jerusalem.
Jan 1841                   Direct Ottoman administration as Sanjak of Jerusalem (Sancâk-ı
                             Kudüs
)(from 1864, within the Damascus vilayet).
1863                       Municipality of Jerusalem
(Baladiyya Kudüs-i Sherif) established
                             imperial decree (firman).
1872                       Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem established with special administrative
                             status (formally separated from the Damascus vilayet).
10 Dec 1917 -  1 Jul 1920  British military occupation.
 1 Jul 1920 - 14 May 1948  Part of British mandate of Palestine.

29 Nov 1947                United Nations partition plan calls for Jerusalem and its                              environs (Corpus Separatum) to be an international zone
                             administered by UN Trusteeship Council.
14 May 1948                Israeli forces occupy West Jerusalem (New City) and part of Mount
                             Scopus, while Arab/Jordanian forces occupy East Jerusalem and
                             the Old City.
28 May 1948                Jewish Quarter in the Old City surrenders to Arab forces.
 7 Oct 1948 -  5 Jun 1967  Cease-fire agreement creates a UN demilitarized No-Man's Land                              between Arab east Jerusalem and Israeli west Jerusalem.
 
3 Apr 1949                Israeli - Jordanian armistice, Jerusalem is divided East to West
                             along the Nov 1948 cease-fire lines. with several No Man's Land
                             areas between them and two demilitarized zones.
13 Dec 1949                (West) Jerusalem proclaimed Israel's capital (enacted 23 Jan 1950).

24 Apr 1950                Jordan annexes East Jerusalem.

27 Jul 1953                King Hussein of Jordan declares (East) Jerusalem to be the
                             alternative capital of Jordan.
 7 Jun 1967                Israel occupies East Jerusalem and the Old City.

28 Jun 1967                East Jerusalem is incorporated into the Israeli municipality of                              Jerusalem and the city limits are expanded.
30 Jul 1980                East Jerusalem is formally annexed by Israel.
31 Jul 1988                Jordan formally abandons its clais to East Jerusalem and
West Bank.


Governor of Jerusalem
1848 - 1863                Ahmad Agha Fadhelaldin Agha

                             Duzdar al-Asali
Mayors
1863 - 1867                Abdul al-Rahman Effendi Taha
                             al-Dajani al-Dawudi (1st time)
1867 - 1868                Rafadulo (Dimitri) Astiriyadis
                             Effendi (1st time)
1868 - 1869                Abdul al-Rahman Effendi Taha
                             al-Dajani al-Dawudi (2nd time)
1869                       Musa Faydi al-'Alami
1869                       Abdul al-Salam ibn Abdul Su'ud
1870 - 1876                Yusuf Diya Pasha al-Khalidi         (b. 1829 - d. 1906)
                             (1st time)  
1876 - 1877                Triumvirate
                           - Abdul al-Qadir al-Khalidi Abu Huda

                           - Umar Abdul al-Salam Pasha
                              
al-Husseini
                          
- Salim Shakir al-Husseini
1877                       Shahada
Faydallah al-'Alami
1877 - 1878                Rafadulo (Dimitri) Astiriyadis
                             Effendi (2nd time)(acting)
Apr 1878 - Oct 1879        Yusuf Diya Pasha al-Khalidi         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)    
1879                       Salim Shakir al-Husseini
1879 - 1881                Musa Faidi al-Alami                 (d. 1881)
1882 - Oct 1897            Hussein Salim Pasha al-Husseini     (b. 1846 - d. 1908)
1897 - 1899                Yasin Effendi al-Khalidi            (b. 1830 - d. 19..)
1899 - 1906                Yusuf Diya Pasha al-Khalidi         (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)   

1906 - 1909                Faidi al-Alami                      (b. 1865 - d. 1924)

1909 -  9 Dec 1917         Hussein Bey al-Husseini             (b. 18.. - d. 1918)
 9 Dec 1917 - 27 Dec 1917  Bill Borton                         (b. 1870 - d. 1938)  Mil
                             (British military governor)
28 Dec 1917 -  1 Jul 1920  Sir Ronald Storrs                   (b. 1881 - d. 1955)  Mil
                             (British military governor)
1917 - 1918                Aref al-Dajani                      (b. 1856 - d. 1930)
Mar 1918 - Apr 1920        Musa Kazim al-Husseini              (b. 1853 - d. 1934)
1920 - 1934                Raghib al-Nashashibi                (b. 1881 - d. 1951)  HDW
1934 - Aug 1937            Hussein Fakhri al-Khalidi           (b. 1895 - d. 1962)  HI
Aug 1937 -  1 Oct 1938     Daniel Auster (1st time)(acting)    (b. 1893 - d. 1963)  TK
 1 Oct 1938 - 24 Aug 1944  Mustafa al-Khalidi                  (b. 1878 - d. 1944)  HDW
Aug 1944 - Jul 1945        Daniel Auster (2nd time)(acting)    (s.a.)               TK
Jul 1945 - 1946            George Henry Webster                (b. 1887 - d. 1955)  Non-party
                            (chairman of municipal commission)
1946 - Jun 1947            John Hilton                                              Non-party
                            (chairman of municipal commission)
Jun 1947 - Apr 1948        Richard Massie Graves              
(b. 1880 - d. 1960)  Non-party
                            (chairman of municipal commission)
Apr 1948 - 28 May 1948     Jerusalem Municipal Council
                            (in Jewish quarter; in dissidence)
- of East Jerusalem -

15 May 1948 - Jul 1948     Ahmad Hilmi Abdul Baqi              (b. 1878 - d. 1963)  Mil
                             (military governor of Jerusalem)
Jul 1948 - Jun 1949        Abdullah Yousef al-Tall             (b. 1918 - d. 1973)  Mil

                             (Jordanian military governor)
Oct 1948 - 1950            Anwar al-Khatib                     (b. 1911 - d. 1993)  Non-party
1950 - Sep 1951            Aref al-Aref (1st time)             (b. 1891 - d. 1973)  Non-party
Oct 1951 - Mar 1952        Hanna 'Atallah                                           Non-party
Mar 1952 - 1955            Omar Elwary (Wa'ari)                (b. 1903 - d. 1972)  Non-party
1955                       Aref al-Aref (2nd time)             (s.a.)               Non-party
1955 - Jan 1957            Municipal Committee
Jan 1957 - 29 Jun 1967     Ruhi al-Khatib                      (b. 1914 - d. 1994)  Non-party
                            (did not recognize dismissal by Israel, died 5 Jul 1994)
 7 Jun 1967 - 28 Jun 1967  Shlomo "Chich" Lahat                (b. 1927 - d. 2014)  Mil
                            (Israeli military governor)
1994 -  2 Jan 1999         Amin al-Majaj (acting to Jun 1995)  (b. 1921 - d. 1999)  PLO
                            (titular PLO mayor)
Jan 1996 - 16 Sep 2008     Jamil Othman Nasser                 (b. 1945 - d. 2008)  PLO
                            (governor of Jerusalem district)
 8 May 1996 - 31 May 2001  Faisal Abdul Qader al-Husseini      (b. 1940 - d. 2001)  Fatah/PLO
                            (holder of East Jerusalem portfolio, Palestinian Authority)
1999 - 28 Apr 2019         Zaki Ali Khader al-Ghul             (b. 1926 - d. 2019)  PLO
                            (titular PLO mayor)
31 May 2001 - 29 Mar 2006  Sari Nusseibeh                      (b. 1949)            Fatah/PLO
                            (holder of East Jerusalem portfolio, Palestinian Authority)
29 Mar 2006 - 29 May 2006  Khaled Abu Arafa                    (b. 1961)            Hamas
                            (minister for Jerusalem Affairs, Palestinian Authority)
29 May 2006 - 14 Jun 2007  Mahmoud Tota                                             Hamas
                            (minister for Jerusalem Affairs, Palestinian Authority)
 2 Sep 2007 -  1 Jul 2009  Hatem Abdel Qader                   (b. 1953)            Fatah/PLO
                            (special adviser to prime minister on Jerusalem
                             Affairs, Palestinian Authority to 19 May 2009;
                             from 19 May 2009 minister for Jerusalem Affairs)
 1 Jul 2009 - 16 May 2012  Salam Fayyad                        (b. 1952)            TWP
                            (acting minister of Jerusalem Affairs, Palestinian Authority)
16 May 2012 - 31 Aug 2018  Adnan Ghaleb al-Husayni             (b. 1947)            PLO
                            (minister of Jerusalem Affairs, Palestinian Authority)
31 Aug 2018 -              Adnan Adel Tawfiq Ghaith            (b. 1978)            PLO
                            (governor of Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority; Israeli
                            
prisoner 20-22 Oct, 25 Nov - 2 Dec 2018, 19 Jul-4 Aug 2020)
- West (from 28 Jun 1967, Greater) Jerusalem -

Dec 1947 - Jan 1949        Dov Joseph (Bernard Joseph)         (b. 1899 - d. 1980)  Mil
                            (head of Jerusalem Emergency Committee to 1 Aug 1948,
                             then military governor of Occupied Area of Jerusalem)
Jan 1949 - 1950            Daniel Auster (3rd time)            (s.a.)               TK
1950 - 1952                Shlomo Zalman Shragai               (b. 1899 - d. 1995)  HP
1952 - Apr 1955            Yitzhak Kariv                       (b. 1902 - d. 1999)  MR
1955 -  1 Nov 1959         Gershon Agron                       (b. 1894 - d. 1959)  Mapai
Nov 1959 - Nov 1965        Mordecai Ish-Shalom                 (b. 1902 - d. 1991)  Mapai
Nov 1965 - Nov 1993        Theodor "Teddy" Kollek              (b. 1911 - d. 2007)  Rafi/Avoda
Nov 1993 - 17 Feb 2003     Ehud Olmert                         (b. 1945)            Lik
17 Feb 2003 -  3 Dec 2008  Uri Lupolianski                     (b. 1951)            DT
                             (acting to Jun 2003)
 3 Dec 2008 -  4 Dec 2018  Nir Barkat                          (b. 1959)            TY
 4 Dec 2018 -              Moshe Lion                          (b. 1961)        YS;12-10-18 Lik

Israeli Party abbreviations: Avoda = Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisraelit (Israeli Labor Party, center-left, social-democratic, labor Zionist est.23 Jan 1968); DT = Degel HaTorah (Banner of the Torah, Jewish religious conservative, split from Agudat Yisrael, est.1988); Lik = HaLikud (The Consolidation, conservative, nationalist, as a coalition 1973-1988 led by Herut; a party from 1988); TY = Yerushalayim Tatzli'ah (Jerusalem Will Succeed, moderate, est.2003); Mil = Military; 
- Former Jewish parties: H = Herut (Freedom Movement, secular conservative, right-wing nationalist, revisionist Zionist, 15 Jun 1948-1988, merged into Lik); Mapai = Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael (Workers' Party of the Land of Israel, socialist, left-wing, 1930-23 Jan 1968, merged into Avoda); MR = Mizrachi (Merkaz Ruhani [Religious Centre] Party, religious Zionist, 1902-1956, merged with HP into Mafdal); Rafi = Reshimat Poalei Yisrael (Israeli Workers List, social democratic, center-left, 14 Jul 1965 - 23 Jan 1968, merged into Avoda); TK = HaTzionim HaKlaliym (General Zionists, center-right Zionist, liberal, 1922-8 May 1961, merged into Liberal Party); HP = Hapoel HaMizrachi (Mizrachi Workers, religious Zionist, 1922-1956, merged with MR into Mafdal); YS = Yerushalayim Shelanu (Our Jerusalem, 2004-10 Dec 2018, merged into Lik)

Palestinian
Party abbreviations: Fatah = Harakat al-Tahrar al-Filistini (Liberation Movement of Palestine, Palestinian nationalist, social-democratic, secular, est.1965); Hamas = Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah (Islamic Resistance Movement, islamic fundamentalist, est.1987); PLO = Munazzamat at-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah (Palestinian Liberation Organization, umbrella group for Palestinian liberation movements, includes Fatah, est.1964); TWP = al-Tariq al-Thalith (The Third Way, centrist, est.2005);
- Former Arab parties: HDW = Hazb al-defa al Watany (National Defense Party, Arab Palestinian pro-independence, Dec 1934-1949?); HI = Hizb-al-Islah (Reform Party, pro-Arab self-government, anti-Zionist, 23 Jun 1935-1 Oct 1937)


No Man's Land

[Flag of United Nations]

Headquarters: Government House (Jerusalem)   UNTSO Force: 380 (2023)

29 May 1948                United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) created
                             by the UN Security Council Resolution 50.

 7 Oct 1948                Neutral Zone around Government House in Jerusalem is
                             transferred to UNTSO protection.
 5 - 6 Jun 1967            Jordanian forces occupy Government House.
 5 Jun 1967                Israel occupies the Jerusalem Neutral Zone.

Heads of Mission and Chiefs of Staff, United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
11 Jun 1948 - Jul 1948     Count Thord C. Bonde (Sweden)       (b. 1900 - d. 1969)
Jul 1948 - Sep 1948        Aage Lundström (Sweden)             (b. 1890 - d. 1975)
Sep 1948 - Jun 1953        William E. Riley (U.S.)             (b. 1897 - d. 1970)
Jun 1953 - Aug 1954        Vagn Bennike (Denmark)              (b. 1888 - d. 1970)
Aug 1954 - Nov 1956        Eedeson Louis Millard Burns         (b. 1897 - d. 1985)
                             (Canada)
Nov 1956 - Mar 1958        Byron V. Leary (U.S.)(acting)       (b. 1916 - d. 2016)
Mar 1958 - Jul 1960        Carl C. von Horn (Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1989)
Jul 1960 - 31 Dec 1960     Robert W. Richert (U.S.) (acting)   (b. 1912 - d. 1995)
 1 Jan 1961 - 31 May 1963  Karl C. von Horn (Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.)
 1 Jun 1963 - 31 Jul 1970  Odd Bull (Norway)                   (b. 1907 - d. 1991)
 1 Aug 1970 - 31 Oct 1973  Ensio P.H. Siilasvuo (Finland)      (b. 1922 - d. 2001)
 1 Nov 1973 - 31 Mar 1974  Richard Watson Bunworth (Ireland)   (b. 1918 - d. 1992)
                             (acting)

 1 Jun 1974 - Aug 1975     Bengt Liljestrand (Sweden)          (b. 1919 - d. 2000)
Aug 1975 - Dec 1975        Keith Desmond Howard (Australia)    (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
                             (acting) 

Jan 1976 - Apr 1978        Emmanuel Alexander Erskine (Ghana)  (b. 1935 - d. 2021)
                             (1st time)
Apr 1978 - Jun 1979        William Callaghan (Ireland)         (b. 1921 - d. 2015)
                             (1st time)(acting)
Jun 1979 - 31 Jan 1980     Erik Olof Forsgren (Sweden) (acting)(b. 1930 - d. 2006)
 1 Feb 1980 - Feb 1981     Erkki Rainer Kaira (Finland)        (b. 1926 - d. 1991)
Feb 1981 - May 1986        Emmanuel Alexander Erskine (Ghana)  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
May 1986 - Jun 1987        William Callaghan (Ireland)         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Jun 1987 - Oct 1990        Martin Olav Vadset (Norway)         (b. 1930 - d. 2018)
Oct 1990 - Oct 1992        Hans Christensen (Finland)          (b. 1942)
Oct 1992 - Dec 1993        Krishna Narayan Singh Thapa (Nepal) (b. 1939)
Dec 1993 - Apr 1994        John Arthur Fisher (New Zealand)    (b. 1943 - d. 2018)
Apr 1994 - Jun 1995        A.L. "Luc" Bujold (Canada)(acting)
12 Jun 1995 - 26 Jun 1995  Harold McKinney (U.S.)(acting)
26 Jun 1995 - Sep 1995     Jaakko Taneli Oksanen (Finland)     (b. 1948)
 1 Oct 1995 - 31 Mar 1998  Rufus Modupe Kupolati (Nigeria)     (b. 1946 - d. 2005)
 1 Apr 1998 - 31 Mar 2000  Timothy Roger Ford (Australia)      (b. 1945)
 1 Apr 2000 - Mar 2002     Franco Ganguzza (Italy)             (b. 1943) 
Apr 2002 - 30 Sep 2004     Carl Anthony Dodd (Ireland)         (b. 1942? - d. 2018)
 2 Oct 2004 - 30 Nov 2006  Clive Lilley (New Zealand)          (b. 1953)
 1 Dec 2006 - 15 Jan 2009  Ian Campbell Gordon (Australia)     (b. 1952)
20 Jan 2009 - Feb 2011     Robert Mood (Norway)                (b. 1958)
25 Mar 2011 - 30 Jun 2013  Juha Kilpiä (Finland)               (b. 1953)
 1 Jul 2013 - 31 Jul 2015  Michael Finn (Ireland)              (b. 1953)
 1 Aug 2015 - 19 Oct 2017  Arthur David Gawn (New Zealand)     (b. 1958)
19 Oct 2017 - 21 Oct 2019 
Kristin Lund (f) (Norway)           (b. 1958)
22 Oct 2019 - Nov 2019     Michael Scott (Australia)(acting)   (b. 1974?)
Nov 2019 - 24 Dec 2021     Alan Doyle (Ireland) (acting)
                             (officer-in-charge head of mission)
24 Dec 2021 -              Patrick Gauchat (Switzerland)       (b. 1968)



French National Domain in the Holy Land
(French Territories in Jerusalem)
[France]
Map of French Domain
in the Holy Land
Headquarters: French
Consulate in Jerusalem
(5 Rue Paul Émile Botta)

18 Feb 1536                King Francis I of France signs the Treaty of Capitulations with
                             Ottoman Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. The treaty, followed by
                             others, gives the France the protection of Christian holy places
                             of the Ottoman Empire (protection was expanded in 1740 both
                             individually and collectively to cover all the members of the
                             clergy adhering to the Latin (Catholic) rite settled in the
                             Levant.
1621 - 1625                Jean Lempereur is French consul for Jerusalem.
1694 - 1699                Under the French consul for Palestine, Galilée, Samarie et Judée
                             based in Syria
1699 - 1714                French consuls resident in Jerusalem.
1776 - 1790                Under French consul-general for Syrie et la Palestine resident in
                             Sidon (Seyde).
29 Dec 1842                French consulate in Jerusalem is re-established.
 1 Nov 1856               
Church of Saint Anne (Église Sainte-Anne), located in the Old City
                             of Jerusalem, close to the Lion's Gate near the presumed site
                             of the Pool of Bethesda, is given to France by Ottoman Sultan
                            
Abdülmecid I following the Crimean War (Domaine National Français
                             en Terre Sainte
), National Domain of France in Holy Land.
25 Feb 1873                Site of
Abbey of Abou Gosh (Abbaye Sainte-Marie de la Résurrection
                             d'Abu Gosh
),
today located in Israeli territory, is given to
                             France by the Ottoman Sultan 
Abdülaziz I. The Monastery is founded
                             in 1900.

13 Jul 1878                Article 62 of the Treaty of Berlin (between U.K., Austria-Hungary,
                             France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire) states
                             "The rights possessed by France are expressly reserved, and it is
                             well understood that no alterations can be made in the status quo
                             in the Holy Places" (ratified 28 Aug 1878).
20 Jan 1886               
Tombs of the Kings (Tombeau des Rois), actually the tomb of Queen
                             Helena (Heleni HaMalka) of Adiabene
(which was bought by the
                             Péreire family 23 Apr 1874)
located by Saladin Street in (East)
                             Jerusalem near the
Damascus Gate, is donated to France.
 
4 May 1889                Monastery of Eleona (Monastère de l'Eléona)(also called Church of
                             Pater Noster
[Église du Pater Noster]), located on Mount of
                             Olives in (East) Jerusalem and purchased in Nov 1856 by Héloïse-
                             Aurélie
Marie Bourg, princesse de La Tour d'Auvergne (b. 1809 -
                             d. 1889)(convent opened 15 Oct
1874 above the cave of the teaching
                             of the Pater Noster), is donated 1868 to France upon her death.
 
8 Nov 1901                By Mytilene Agreement, the Ottoman Sultan acknowledges the legal
                             existence of all schools and institutions that depended on France
                             in the Holy Land.

 1 Oct 1914               
Ottoman Empire abolishes all capitulations, commercial and
                             institutional treaties granting Allied (French) citizens
                             individual and religious freedom (announced 8 Sep 1914).
21 Oct 1914 - Oct 1918     French Consulate in Jerusalem closes during to World War I. French
                             interests left under the protection of the Consul of Spain,
                             Antonio Plácido de la Cierva y Lewit, conde de Ballobar (b. 1885 -
                             d. 1971).
25 Apr 1920                At San Remo Conference France recognizes British mandate over
                             Palestine understanding that "nothing shall be done which may
                             prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish
                             communities", effectively ending the French religious protectorate
                             over the "Latin" Christian communities in the Holy Land (confirmed
                             by the Treaty of Lausanne 24 Jul 1923, effective 6 Aug 1924).
10 Jul 1940
 - 28 May 1941  Consul-general loyal to "Vichy" France.
23 Jul 1941 - 1945        
Consul-general loyal to the "Free" France.
 6 Sep 1948 - 31 Jan 1949 
Chauvel-Fischer letters - Israel recognizes France's status quo and
                             ownership over various "national estates" in Jerusalem and Abu
                             Gosh (France de facto recognizes the State of Israel on 12 Jan
                             1949 and recognizes it de jure 21 May 1949).
Dec 1997                   Laboulaye-Middein accord with the Palestinian Authority allows
                             France to continue protecting Catholic French or French origin
                             Catholic institutions that depend on it in the Palestinian
                             territories.

French Consuls in Jerusalem

29 Dec 1842 - 1844         Gabriel Marie Jean Benoit, comte   (b. 1792 - d. 1866)
                             de Lantivy de Kerveno

 1 Dec 1844 - 11 Dec 1845 
Edmond de Barrère (1st time)       (b. 1819 - d. 1908)
                             (manager)
11 Dec 1845 - 1848?       
Joseph Marie François Hélouis-     (b. 1796 - d. 1867)
                             Jorelle
14 Apr 1848 - Jul 1855     Paul Émile Botta                   (b. 1802 - d. 1870)
 
                            
(consul-general from 13 May 1855)
Aug 1851 - May 1852        Alphonse Henri Séraphin Lequeux    (b. 1824 - d. ....)
                             (drogman - chancelier, gérant le consulat général)
                             (manager)
26 May 1852 - 1855        
Jacques Alfred Chatry de la Fosse  (b. 1807 - d. 1893)
                             (not installed)
15 Jun 1855 - 1871         Edmond de Barrère (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                            
(acting)
May 1857 - May 1858       
Paul Joseph Gérardy-Saintine       (b. 1798 - d. 1865)
                             (manager)
 1 Oct 1868 - 17 Feb 1872  Joseph Adam Sienkiewicz (manager)  (b. 1836 - d. 1898)
                             (consul
gérant)
 
1 Apr 1870 - 16 Jun 1874  Gustave Laffon (manager)           (b. 1835 - d. 1906)
                             (drogman, gérant le consulat général)
 3 Jul 1871 - 1873         Louis-Ernest Crampon               (b. 1829 - d. 19..)

                            
(not installed)
29 Nov 1874 - 1881         Salvator Patrimonio                (b. 1836 - d. 1915)  

 1 Apr 1881 - 15 May 1883  Aimé Adrien Langlais               (b. 1840 - d. 1883)  
29 May 1883 - 1884         Charles Ferdinand Destrées         (b. 1834 - d. 1904)  
31 Dec 1884 - 1885         Lucien Illuminé Monge              (b. 1835 - d. 1898)
18 Jun 1885 - 26 Oct 1891  Charles Fortuné Louis Alexandre    (b. 1844 - d. 1898)
                             Ledoulx

Consuls-general in Jerusalem (title Consuls Généraux de France à Jérusalem)
26 Oct 1891 - 10 Jan 1898  Charles Fortuné Louis Alexandre    (s.a.)
                             Ledoulx

27 Jan
1898 - 1901         Pierre Jean-Baptiste Ernest Auzépy (b. 1856 - d. 1910)
10 Aug 1901 - 1902         Pierre Honoré Marius Daumas        (b. 1843 - d. 19..)
28 Aug 1902 - 1904         Auguste Boppe (acting)             (b. 1862 - d. 1921)
                            (secr
étaire d'ambassade chargé du consulate général)
28 Dec 1904 - 1908         Alexandre Georges Outrey           (b. 1847 - d. 1931)
14 Apr 1908 - 21 Oct 1914  Georges Félix Gueyraud             (b. 1857 - d. 1936)
21 Oct 1914 - Oct 1918     Vacant
                            
[French interests confided to Spanish consulate]
Oct 1918 - 1919            Pierre Marie André Durieux (consul)(b. 1884 - d. 1947)
                            (delegate of François Georges-Picot High
                             Commissioner of France in Syria-Palestine to
                             the British High Command)
 1 Jun 1919 - 1924         Louis Joseph Henri
Rais            (b. 1868 - d. 1948)
                             (acts as a delegate of the High Commissioner
                             of the French Republic)
20 Jan 1924 - 1925         François Gustave Gaston Maugras    (b. 1884 - d. 1965) 
                             (acting)

31 Dec 1925 - 1928         Léon Alphonse Doire                (b. 1868 - d. 19..)
 
2 Oct 1928 - 1937         Jacques d'Aumale                   (b. 1886 - d. 1978) 
                            
(acting to 1934)
 1 Dec 1937 - 28 May 1941  Amédée Outrey (acting)             (b. 1892 - d. 1962)
                             (de facto from
5 Jul 1940)
28 May 1941 - 23 Jul 1941  Vacant

23 Jul 1941 -  5 Aug 1942 
Henri Zimmermann (acting)
                            (vice-consul and provisional delegate of
Free
                             France in Palestine and Transjordan [délégué
                             provisoire de la France libre en Palestine et
                             en Transjordanie])
 5 Aug 1942 - 11 Apr 1946  Marie Félix Elie Guy du
Chaylard,  (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
                             comte du Chalard
                            (consul-general and delegate of Free France
                             in Palestine and Transjordan)
11 Apr 1946 - 23 Jun 1952  René Neuville                      (b. 1899 - d. 1952)
 3 Jul 1952 - 1954         Bertrand Edmond Rochereau de La    (b. 1903 - d. 1987)
                             Sablière

22 Feb 1955 - 1957         Marcel Marie Augustin Laforge      (b. 1895 - d. 1980)
24 Dec 1957 - 1959         André Brozen-Favereau              (b. 1907 - d. 1989)
20 Jan 1960 - 1963         Christian Marcotte de Sainte-Marie (b. 1902 - d. 1985)
16 Apr 1963 - 1966         Lucien-Pierre Lemoine            
26 May 1966 - 1970         Christian Fouache d'Halloy         (b. 1905 - d. 2003)
22 Jun 1970 - 1975         Paul Antoine René Henry            (b. 1917 - d. 1993)
13 Dec 1975 - 1978         Pierre Henri Daniel Bitard         (b. 1924 - d. 2002)
1978 - 1982                Bernard Jean Marie Lopinot         (b. 1923 - d. 1998)
 1 Sep 1982 - 1986         Jean-François Guéguinou            (b. 1941 - d. 2021)
1986 - 1988                Jean–Claude Cousseran              (b. 1944)
1988 - 1991                Gilles Alain Marie d'Humières      (b. 1943)   
15 Oct 1991 - 1995         Jean Wladimirovitch de Gliniasty   (b. 1948)
 3 Jan 1996 - 1999         Stanislas François Jean Lefebvre   (b. 1946)
                             de Laboulaye
12 Oct 1999 - 2002         Denis Pietton                      (b. 1956 - d. 2015)
30 Aug 2002 - 2005         Régis Koetschet                    (b. 1949)
31 May 2005 - 2009         Alain Rémy                         (b. 1952)
29 Apr 2009 - 2013         Frédéric Desagneaux                (b. 1957)
 4 Jul 2013 - 2016         Hervé Magro                        (b. 1960)
20 Sep 2016 - 2019         Pierre Cochard                     (b. 1962)
24 Sep 2019 - Aug 2023     René Troccaz                       (b. 1959)
25 Aug 2023 -              Nicolas Kassianides                (b. 1978)







© Ben Cahoon