Dominican Republic
-
- to 22 Jul
1795;
- 8 Jul 1809 - 30
Nov 1821;
- 18 Mar 1861 - 14
Sep 1863
|
-
- 22 Jul 1795 - 8
Jul 1809
-
-
|
-
- 30 Nov 1821 - 9
Feb 1822
-
-
|
-
- 9 Feb 1822 - 27
Feb 1844
-
-
|
-
- 27 Feb 1844 - 6
Nov 1844
- 1844-1861 and from
14 Sep 1863 Civil Flag
|
-
- 6 Nov 1844 - 18
Mar 1861;
- Re-adopted 14 Sep
1863 State Flag
|
-
|
-
|
Map
of the Dominican
Republic
|
Hear
National Anthem
"Hino Nacional"
(National Anthem) a.k.a.
"Quisqueyanos valientes"
(Valient Sons of
Quisqueye) |
Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 30 May 1934
(unofficial from 7 Jun 1897)
------------------------------------
Former
Anthem
“Canción Dominicana”
(Dominican Song)
(1844-1885)
|
Constitution
(26 Jan 2010; in
Spanish) |
Capital:
Santo Domingo
de Guzmán
(Santo Domingo 1495-1936,
21 Nov 1961 - 28 Nov 1996;
Ciudad Trujillo 8 Jan 1936 -
21 Nov 1961; La Nueva
Isabela 1493-1495)
|
Currency:
Dominican Peso
(DOP); 1905-1947 US
Dollar
(USD)
|
National
Holiday: 27 Feb (1844)
Día de la Independencia
(Independence Day)
|
Population:
10,298,756 (2018) |
GDP: $173
billion (2017)
|
Exports:
$10.12 billion (2017)
Imports: $17.7
billion (2017)
|
Ethnic groups:
mixed 70.4% (mestizo/indio 58%,
mulatto
12.4%), black 15.8%, white 13.5%,
other 0.3% (2014)
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 49,910 (2010)
Merchant marine:
23 ships (2017)
|
Religions:
Roman Catholic 80.6%, Protestant 8.8%,
Pentecostal 2.7%,
other Christian 2.8%,
not religious 2.7%, other 2.4% (2015)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
ACS, AOSIS, APM, BCIE, BTWC, CAFTA, CAP,
Caricom (observer), CCM, CD, CELAC, CTBT, CWC, EITI, ESCR, FAO, G-77,
IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt
(signatory), ICRM, ICSID (signatory),
IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES,
LAIA (observer), LAP, LU, MIGA, NAM,
NPT, NTBT, OAS, OIF
(observer),
OPANAL, OPCW, OST, PA
(observer), PCA, Petrocaribe,
SEGIB, SICA, UN, UNCLOS,
UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
|
Dominican
Republic
|
Chronology
6 Dec
1492
Discovered by Columbus and claimed for
Spain,
named Hispañiola.
1496 - 25 Nov
1500
Granted to Christopher Columbus
(Cristóbal Colón).
4
Aug
1496
The city of Santo Domingo is founded.
25 Nov
1500
Crown colony
1511 -
1517
Audiencia of
Santo Domingo
1520 -
1797
Audiencia
(restored; with authority over
Cuba [to 1764], Florida [to 1763],
Venezuela
[to 1739], Jamaica [to 1655], Puerto
Rico,
and Trinidad [to 1739]).
1521 -
1821
Subordinated to New Spain (see Mexico).
20
Sep
1697
Spain recognizes French claim to
western
Hispaniola; eastern part- as French
Saint-Domingue (see Haiti);
western part-
Spanish Santo Domingo by Treaty of
Ryswick.
22 Jul
1795
Spain cedes Santo Domingo to France
(but
Spanish administration
continues to 26 Jan 1801).
Oct 1795 - 26 Jan 1801
French occupation of
Santo Domingo (as Saint-
Domingue).
25 Oct 1797 - Mar
1801 Nominally
organized as French départements
of
Iganne, Samana and Sud;
from 1802 part of
French colony of Saint-Domingue
(but from 1 Jan
1804
includes only Santo Domingo due to
Haitian
independence).
26 Jan
1801 - 20 May 1802 Haitian
occupation, proclaiming the abolition
of
slavery on behalf of the French
Republic.
20 May 1802 - 9 Jul
1809 French rule
over Santo Domingo
(restored).
Feb 1805 -
1806
Haitian invasion, Santo Domingo under
siege 5-28
Mar 1805.
13 Dec
1808
Santo Domingo reverts to Spain (French
administration ends on 9 Jul 1809 with
the fall
of
Santo Domingo).
7 Jul 1809 - Aug
1809 British
occupy Samaná and take the port of
Santo Domingo on 9 Jul 1809.
19 Mar 1812 - 4 May
1814 Santo Domingo a diputación
provincial of Spain.
19 Mar 1820 - 1 Dec 1821
Puerto Rico a diputación
provincial of Spain.
1 Dec
1821
Independence (Independent State of the
Spanish
Part of Haiti in Colombia [Estado
Independiente
de
la Parte Española de Haití en
Colombia]).
1 Dec 1821 - 9 Feb
1822 (Nominally) part of Gran
Colombia (see Colombia).
9 Feb 1822 - 27 Feb
1844 Incorporated into Haiti.
27 Feb
1844
Independence (Dominican Republic [República
Dominicana]).
27 Feb 1844 - 24 Jan 1856
Dominican war of independence.
18 Mar 1861 - 4 May 1865
Spanish colony (Santo Domingo to 8 Jun
1861).
8 Jun
1861
Captaincy-general of Santo Domingo (Capitanía
General
de Santo Domingo).
16 Aug 1863 - 3 Mar
1865 Dominican restoration war.
14 Sep
1863
Act of independence of is signed at
Santiago de los
Caballeros.
14 Sep
1863
Dominican Republic (República
Dominicana).
1 May 1865
Spain revokes annexation
(recognizing independence
of Dominican Republic).
11 Jul 1865
Spanish administration leaves Santo
Domingo.
29 Nov 1869 - 16 May 1870
Government requests annexation to
United States.
1 Apr 1903 - 21 Apr 1903
U.S. troops deployed in Santo Domingo
and Puerto
Plata.
3 Jan 1904 - 11 Feb 1904
U.S. troops deployed in Santo Domingo
and Puerto
Plata.
28 Mar 1905 - 2 Apr 1941
U.S. protectorate.
5 May 1916 - 18 Sep 1924
U.S. occupation.
29 Nov 1916 - 21 Oct 1922
Military Government of Santo Domingo.
28 Apr 1965 - 21 Sep 1966 U.S.
and Organization of American States
(OAS)
Inter-American Force intervention.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
De facto ruler (Generalisimo)
16 Aug 1930 - 30 May 1961 Rafael Leonidas
Trujillo y Molina (b. 1891 - d. 1961) Mil/PD
Governors
1492 - 1496
Cristóbal Colón
(1st time) (b. 1451 - d.
1506)
(viceroy)
1496 - 1498
Bartolomé
Colón
(c. 1461 - d. 1514)
1498 - 1500
Cristóbal Colón (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(viceroy)
1500 - 11 Jul
1502
Francisco Fernández de Bobadilla (b. c.1448 - d.
1502)
(royal commissioner)
1502 -
1509
Fray Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres (b. 1460
- d. 1511)
10 Jul 1509 - 15 Apr 1515 Diego
Colón y
Perestrelo
(b. c.1480 - d. 1526)
(1st time)
1515 - 1516
Cristóbal
Lebrón (interim)
(d. 1529)
14 Dec 1516 -
1519 Gobierno
de la Real Audiencia
- Fray Luis de
Figueroa
(d. 1523)
- Fray Bernardino de Manzanedo
- Fray Ildefonso de Santo Domingo
de la Orden de San Jerónimo
22 Dec 1519 - 1520
Rodrigo de
Figueroa
(b. c.1471 - d. c.1525)
Nov 1520 - 1524
Diego Colón y
Perestrelo
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
Jueces de la Real Audiencia
1524 - 1527
Gaspar de
Espinosa
(b. 1484 - d. 1537)
+ Alonso de Zuazo
(b. 1466 - d. 1539)
1527 - 1 Aug 1531
Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal,
(b. 1490 - d. 1547)
bispo de Santo Domingo
1 Aug 1531 - 14 Dec 1533 Alonso de
Zuazo
(s.a.)
14 Dec 1533 - 1535
Alonso
de Fuenmayor,
bispo (b.
c.1490 - d. 1560)
de Santo Domingo
Governors and Captains-general
1535 -
1540
Alonso de Fuenmayor,
bispo (s.a.)
de Santo Domingo (1st time)
1540
Luis Colón de Toledo
(b. 1522 - d. 1572)
1540 - 1544
Alonso de Fuenmayor,
bispo (s.a.)
de Santo Domingo (2nd time)
1 Jan 1544 -
1549 Alonso
López de Cerrato
(b. c.1490 - d. 1555)
1549 - 1556
Alonso de Fuenmayor, arzobispo
(s.a.)
de Santo Domingo
(3rd time)
1556 - 1558
Alonso de Maldonado
1558 -
1560
Juan López de
Cepeda
(d. c.1601)
1560 - 1561
Juan
Echagoyan
22 Jan 1561 - 1564
Alonso Arias
de Herrera
1564 - 1565
Antonio de Osorio y
Villegas (b. c.1543 - d. 1608)
1565 - 1567
Alonso de Grajeda
1567 - 1568
Diego de Vera
1568 -
1572
Antonio Mejía
1572 - 1576
Francisco de Vera
President-Governors and Captains-general
1 Jan 1577 - 13 Apr 1581
Gregorio González de Cuenca
(b. c.1524 - d. 1581)
1581 -
1583
Pedro de Arceo (acting)
4 Nov 1583 - 1586
Cristóbal de Ovalles
(d. 1586)
1586 -
1587
Aliaga (acting)
1587 -
1594
Lope de Vega Portocarrero (1st time)
1594
Baltasar de Villafaña
1594 - 1596
Lope de Vega Portocarrero (2nd time)
13 Jun 1596 - 26 Oct 1600 Diego
de Osorio
(b. c.1545 - d.
1600)
1601
Pedro Sanz Morquecho
19 Sep 1601 - 11 Feb 1608 Antonio
de Osorio y Villegas
(b. c.1543 - d. 1608)
17 Jul 1608 - Aug 1623
Diego Gómez de Sandoval
(d. 1623)
1623 -
1624
Juan Martínez Tenorio
1624 - 1627
Diego de Acuña
1627 -
1634
Gabriel de Chávez y Osorio
1634 -
1635
Diego Gil de la Sierpe
1635 -
1637
Alonso de Cereceda
1637
Domingo de Osorio
1637 - 1646
Juan de Bitrián y Viamonte y
Navarra
1646 - Mar
1649
Nicolás de Velazco Altamirano
1649 - 1650
Juan Melgarejo Ponce de León
1650 - 16 Mar 1651
Luís Fernández de Córdoba
1651 - 1652
Francisco Pantoja de Ayala
1652 - 1656
Bernardino de
Meneses Bracamonte (b.c.1625 - d. 1656)
y Zapata, conde de Peñalba
15 May 1656 - 1658
Félix de
Zúñiga y Avellaneda,
conde del Sacro Imperio
1658 -
1660 Pérez
Andrés Franco
1660 - 1662
Juan Francisco de
Montemayor (b. 1618 - d. 1685)
Córdoba y Cuenca
1662 - 1670
Juan de Balboa y Mogrovejo
1670 - 1671
Pedro de Cobos y Carvajal
1670 - 15 Jul
1677
Ignacio de Zayas Bazán
1677 - Sep 1678
Juan Padilla de Guardiola y
(b. 1643 - d. 1691)
Guzmán
Sep 1678 - 12 Jul
1684 Francisco de Segura
Sandoval
y Castilla
1684 - 1689
Andrés de Robles y Gómez
(d. 1694)
(interim to 14 Jun 1686)
1689 - 1698
Ignacio Pérez-Caro y Fernández
de
Oviedo (1st time)
1698 - 1699
Gil
Correoso Catalán
1699 - 6 Aug
1702 Severino de
Manzaneda Salinas (b.
c.1640 - d. af.1702)
y Rojas
1702 -
1704
Juan del Barranco
1704 - 4 Nov
1706 Ignacio
Pérez-Caro y Fernández
de Oviedo
1706 - 1708
Sebastián de Cereceda y Girón (b.
1644 - d. 1723)
(1st time)(interim)
1708 - Sep 1711
Guillermo Morfi (William Murphy) (b. c.1661
- d. c.123)
1711 - 15 Apr
1714
Pedro de Niela y Torres
1714 -
1715
Francisco de la Rocha y Labarcés
May 1715 - 16 Jul 1724
Fernando Constanzo y
Ramírez, (b.
1669 - d. 1724)
caballero de Santiago
1724 -
1732
Francisco de la Rocha
Ferrer (b. 1686 - d.
17..)
y Labarcés
1732 - 1739
Alonso de Castro y Mazo
1739 -
1750
Pedro Zorrilla de San
Martín, (b. 1694
- d. 17..)
marqués de la Gándara Real
1750 - 8 Oct 1750
Juan José
Colomo
(d. 1750)
1750 - 18 Jun
1751 José de
Zunnier de Basteros
(d. 1751)
(acting)
1751 - 1759
Francisco Rubio y Peñaranda
(b. 1700 - d. 1773)
1759 -
1771
Manuel Azlor de Aragón y Urríes (b.
1708 - d. 1787)
16 Apr 1771 -
1779 José
Solano y Bote Carrasco y Díaz,(b. 1726 - d. 1806)
marqués del Socorro
1779 - 26 Sep
1785
Isidro de Peralta y Rojas
(b. 1727 - d. 1785)
26 Sep 1785 - 17 Apr 1786
Joaquín García y Moreno (1st time) (b. 1732 -
d. 1811)
(acting)
17 Apr 1786 - 2 Jun 1788
Manuel González de Aguilar Torres (d.
1788)
de
Navarra y Montoya
1788 - 15 Sep 1788
Pedro Carani
(acting)
15 Sep 1788 - 1788
José Antonio de Urizar y Bolívar (b. 1738 -
d. af.1808)
(acting)
1 Dec 1788 - 26 Jan 1801 Joaquín
García y Moreno (2nd time) (s.a.)
1796 - 1798
Philippe-Rose
Roume de Saint- (b. 1743 -
d. 1804)
Laurent -Provisional Agent
4 Oct 1799 - 1801
Antoine Chanlatte -Commissioner
(b. 1749 - d. 1815)
Governors
26 Jan 1801 - 20 May 1802 Pierre
François
Dominique
(b. 1743? - d. 1803)
Toussaint-Louverture
5 Mar 1801 - 1803
Jean-Baptiste Jacques
Stanislas (b. 1753 - d. 1808)
de Combis d'Augustine
(commissioner; from 6 Jun 1801, prefect)
1802 - Nov 1802
François-Marie Périchou de
(b. 1757 - d. 1825)
Kerversau
1803
François-Jacques Lequoy
de (b.
1748 - d. 1804)
Montgiraud -Prefect
Jun 1803 - 14 Nov 1803 Louis-Maurice
Taupin de (b.
1757 - d. 1823)
Magnytot -Prefect
Nov 1802 - 7 Nov 1808
Jean-Louis Ferrand
(b. 1758 - d. 1808)
7 Nov 1808 - 9 Jul 1809
Joseph-David, comte de Barquier (b.
1757 - d. 1844)
(acting)
Governors and Captains-general
13 Dec 1808 - 11 Feb 1811 Juan Sánchez
Ramírez
(b. 1762 - d. 1811)
(in opposition to French to 9
Jul 1809)
7 Jul 1809 - Aug
1809 Hugh Lyle
Carmichael
(b. 1764 - d. 1813)
(British commander in Samaná)
1811 - 1812
Manuel Caballero (acting)
1812 -
1813
José Masot (acting)
1813 -
1818
Carlos de Urrutia y
Montoya (b.
1750 - d. 1825)
1818 -
1821
Sebastián Kíndelan y
Oregón (b. 1757 - d. 1826)
1821 - 1 Dec 1821
Pascual Real
Political Governor and State President
1 Dec 1821 - 9 Feb 1822 José
Núñez de Cáceres y Albor
(b. 1772 - d. 1846)
Commanders of Haitian Forces
9 Feb 1822 -
1832
Jérôme-Maximilien Bargella
(b. 1773 - d. 1843)
1832 - Feb 1843
Bernard-Philippe-Alexis
Carrié (b. 1780 - d. 1867)
1843
Charles Rivière-Hérard
(b. 1789 - d.
1850)
1843 - 27 Feb
1844 Léo
Hérard
President of the Provisional Governing Junta
28 Feb 1844 - 1 Mar 1844 Francisco
del Rosario Sánchez (b.
1817 - d. 1861) Lib
Presidents of the Central Governing Junta
1 Mar 1844 - 5 Jun 1844 Tomás
Bobadilla y
Briones
(b. 1785 - d. 1871) Tri
5 Jun 1844 - 9 Jun 1844 José
María Caminero
Ferrer
(b. 1782 - d. 1852) Con
9 Jun 1844 - 13 Jul 1844 Francisco
del Rosario Sánchez
(s.a.)
Lib
13 Jul 1844 - 13 Nov 1844 Pedro Santana
Familias
(b. 1801 - d. 1864) PA
(concurrently Supreme Chief)
Presidents
13 Nov 1844 - 4 Aug 1848 Pedro
Santana Familias (1st time)
(s.a.)
PA
4 Aug 1848 - 8 Sep 1848 Council
of Secretaries of State
- Félix Mercenario
Montaño
(b. 1789 - d. 1861)
- Domingo de la Rocha
Angulo (b. 1797 - d.
1883)
- José María Caminero Ferrer
(s.a.)
Con
- Manuel José Jimenes González
(b. 1808 - d. 1854) Lib
8 Sep 1848 - 29 May 1849 Manuel José
Jimenes González
(s.a.)
30 May 1849 - 23 Sep 1849 Pedro Santana
Familias (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PA
(Supreme Chief of the Republic)
24 Sep 1849 - 15 Feb 1853 Buenaventura Báez
Méndez
(b. 1812 - d. 1884) PR
(1st time)
15 Feb 1853 - 26 May 1856 Pedro Santana
Familias (3rd time)
(s.a.)
PA
26 May 1856 - 8 Oct 1856 Manuel de
Regla Mota y Álvarez (b. 1795 -
d. 1864) PA
de Fuentes
8 Oct 1856 - 12 Jun 1858 Buenaventura
Báez
Méndez
(s.a.)
PR
(2nd time)
12 Jun 1858 - 27 Jul 1858 José Desiderio
Valverde Pérez (b. c.1822
- d. 1904)Tri
(in dissidence from 22 Jul 1857 [as President
of the Provisional Government to 1 Mar 1858]
and then to 28 Aug 1858)
27 Jul 1858 - 18 Mar 1861 Pedro Santana
Familias (4th time)
(s.a.)
PA
(acting to 31 Jan 1859)
Governors and Captains-general
18 Mar 1861 - 20 Jul 1862 Pedro Santana
Familias,
(s.a.)
(from 28 Mar 1862) marqués de
las
Carreras
(de facto acting to 8 Jun 1861)
20 Jul 1862 - 23 Oct 1863 José
Felipe Rivero y Lemoine (b. 1797 -
d. 1873)
23 Oct 1863 - 29 Mar 1864 Carlos de Vargas
y Cerveto (b. 1817 - d.
1876)
29 Mar 1864 - 11 Jul 1865 José de la
Gándara y Navarro (b. 1820 - d.
1885)
(nominally from 1 May 1865)
Presidents
14 Sep 1863 - 10 Oct 1864 José Antonio
Salcedo Ramírez (b.
1816 - d. 1864) Res
(President of the Government [provisional to 24 Aug
1864])
10 Oct 1864 - 23 Jan 1865 Gaspar Polanco y
Borbón
(b. 1816 - d. 1867) Res
(President of the Provisional Government)
23 Jan 1865 - 24 Jan 1865 Generals-in-chief,
temporarily in-charge
by the Will of the People and the Army,
of the Executive Power
- Pedro Antonio Pimentel Chamorro (b. 1830 - d.
1874) Mil
- Benito Monción
Durán
(b. 1826 - d. 1898) Mil
- Federico de Jesús García
y (b. 1835 - d.
1873) Mil
de la Cruz
24 Jan 1865 - 24 Mar 1865 Benigno Filomeno
de Rojas y Ramos (b. 1811 - d. 1865) Res
(President of the Superior Governing
Junta to 27 Feb 1865, then President
of the Sovereign National Convention)
25 Mar 1865 - 4 Aug 1865 Pedro
Antonio Pimentel Chamorro
(s.a.)
PA
4 Aug 1865 - 15 Nov 1865 José María
Cabral y de
Luna (b. 1816
- d. 1899) PA
(Protector of the Republic)(1st time)
15 Nov 1865 - 8 Dec 1865 Pedro
Guillermo y
Guerrero
(b. 1814 - d. 1867) PR
(President of the Provisional Government;
in dissidence as
President of the Central
Governing Junta from earlier in 1865)
8 Dec 1865 - 29 May 1866 Buenaventura
Báez
Méndez
(s.a.)
PR
(3rd time)
29 May 1866 - 22 Aug 1866 Triumvirate
of the Republic
(in dissidence from 1 May
1866)
- Pedro Antonio Pimentel Chamorro (s.a.)
- Gregorio
Luperón
(b. 1839 - d. 1897) PA
- Federico de Jesús García y de
(s.a.)
Mil
la Cruz
22 Aug 1866 - 31 Jan 1868 José María Cabral
y de Luna
(s.a.)
PA
(Chief of Public Administration to 29 Sep 1866)
(2nd time)
22 Dec 1867 - 13 Feb 1868 José Antonio
Hungría
(b. 1819 - d. 1872) Mil/PR
(President of the Central Government
Junta, in
dissidence)
31 Jan 1868 - 13 Feb 1868 Manuel Altagracia
Cáceres
(b. 1838 - d. 1878)
Fernández (acting)
13 Feb 1868 - 2 May 1868 Junta of
Generals
- José Antonio Hungría
(s.a.)
Mil/PR
- Francisco Antonio Gómez y Baez
(b. 1819 - d. 1883) Mil/PR
- José Ramón Luciano y Franco
(b. 1822 - d. 1890) Mil/PR
2 May 1868 - 2 Jan 1874
Buenaventura Báez
Méndez
(s.a.)
PR
(4th time)
2 Jan 1874 - 21 Jan 1874 Ignacio
María González y Santín (b. 1840 - d.
1915) Ver
(Supreme Chief; in dissidence from 27 Nov 1873)
(1st time)
22 Jan 1874 - 6 Apr 1874
Generals-in-Chief
- Ignacio María González y Santín
(s.a.)
Mil
- Manuel Altagracia
Cáceres
(s.a.)
Mil
Fernández
6 Apr 1874 - 23 Feb 1876 Ignacio
María González y Santín
(s.a.)
Ver
(2nd time)(Supreme Chief 10 Sep 1874 - 12 Apr 1875)
7 Feb 1876 - Feb
1876 Constitutional
Executive Junta
(in rebellion)
- Esteban Díaz
- Máximo Grullón
Salcedo
(b. 1826 - d. 1877)
- Manuel de Jesús de Peña
y (b. 1834 -
d. 1915)
Reynoso
- Alfredo Deetjen Merecette
(b. 1826 - d. 1896)
- Isidro Pereyra
Casado
(b. 1839 - d. 1893)
23 Feb 1876 - 29 Apr 1876 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Pedro Tomás Garrido
Matos (b. 1827
- d. 1895)
- José de Jesús Eduardo de Castro
Álvarez
- Pedro Pablo de Bonilla
y (b.
1807 - d. 1881?)
Correa-Cruzaso
- Juan Bautista Zafra y Miranda (b.
1840 - d. 1886)
- Pedro Pablo López Villanueva
(b. 1842 - d. 1902)
(to 7 Mar 1876)
- Jacinto Peynado y Tejón
(b. 1826 - d. 1897)
(from 7 Mar 1876)
29 Apr 1876 - 5 Oct 1876 Ulises
Francisco Espaillat
y (b. 1823 - d.
1878) PA
Quinoñes
Oct 1876 - 30 Oct 1876 Gabino Crespo
(d. 1878)
Mil
(president of the Central Government
Junta of
Restoration Movement; in rebellion)
5 Oct 1876 - 11 Nov 1876 Superior
Governing Junta
- Pedro Pablo López Villanueva
(s.a.)
- José Caminero
Matías
(d. 1892)
- Juan Esteban Ariza
Matos
(b. 1820 - d. 1882)
- Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta
- José de Jesús Eduardo de Castro (b. 1829 -
d. 1885)
Álvarez
- Juan Bautista Zafra y Miranda (s.a.)
- Pedro Tomás Garrido
Matos (s.a.)
11 Nov 1876 - 9 Dec 1876 Ignacio
María González y Santín
(s.a.)
Ver
(3rd time) (Supreme Chief)
10 Dec 1876 - 26 Dec 1876 Marcos Ezequiel
Antonio Cabral (b. 1843 - d.
1903)
Figuereo
(President of Provisional Governing Junta)
27 Dec 1876 - 2 Mar 1878 Buenaventura
Báez
Méndez
(s.a.)
PR
(5th time)(provisional to 21 Mar 1877)
1 Mar 1878 - 13 Apr 1878 Ignacio
María González y Santín
(s.a.)
Ver
(4th time)(President of the Provisional
Government of National Movement, in dissidence)
2 Mar 1878 - 5 Mar 1878
Council of Secretaries of State
- José María Cabral y de
Luna
(s.a.)
PA
- Joaquín Antonio Montolío Morales (b. 1821 - d.
1911)
5 Mar 1878 - 6 Jul 1878 Cesáreo
Guillermo y Bastardo
(b. 1847 - d. 1885) PR
(1st time)(President of Provisional Government)
6 Jul 1878 - 2 Sep 1878 Ignacio
María González y Santín
(s.a.)
Ver
(5th time)
2 Sep 1878 - 6 Sep 1878 Superior
Chiefs of Revolutionary Movement
- Ulises Hilarión Heureaux Lebert (b.
1845 - d. 1899) Mil/PA
- Cesáreo Guillermo y Bastardo
(s.a.)
Mil
6 Sep 1878 - 30 Sep 1878 Jacinto del
Rosario de Castro (b. 1811
- d. 1896) Mil
(acting)
30 Sep 1878 - 27 Feb 1879 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Cesáreo Guillermo y Bastardo
(s.a.)
PR
- Alejandro Angulo
Guridi
(b. 1823 - d. 1906)
- Pedro Ramón María Aristy Díaz (b. 1848 -
d. 1880)
27 Feb 1879 - 6 Dec 1879 Cesáreo
Guillermo y Bastardo
(s.a.)
PR
(2nd time)
6 Dec 1879 - 1 Sep 1880
Gregorio
Luperón
(s.a.)
PA
(president of provisional government;
in
dissidence from 7 Oct 1879)
1 Sep 1880 - 1 Sep 1882
Fernando Arturo de Meriño
y (b. 1833 -
d. 1906) PA
Ramírez
1 Sep 1882 - 1 Sep 1884 Ulises
Hilarión Heureaux Lebert
(s.a.)
PA
(1st
time)
1 Sep 1884 - 16 May 1885 Francisco
Gregorio Billini y
(b. 1844 - d. 1898) PA
Aristy
16 May 1885 - 6 Jan 1887 Alejandro
Woss y Gil (1st time) (b. 1856 - d.
1932) PA
6 Jan 1887 - 27 Mar 1889 Ulises
Hilarión Heureaux Lebert
(s.a.)
PA
(2nd
time)
27 Mar 1889 - 30 Apr 1889 Manuel María de
la Concepción (b. 1830 -
d. 1897) PR
Gautier (acting)
30 Apr 1889 - 26 Jul 1899 Ulises Hilarión
Heureaux Lebert
(s.a.)
PA
(3rd
time)
26 Jul 1899 - 30 Aug 1899 Juan Wenceslao
Figuereo Casó (b.
1834 - d. 1910) PR
31 Aug 1899
Council of Secretaries of State
- Tomás Demetrio Morales Bernal (b.
1848 - d. 1904)
- Arístides Patiño
Valdés
(b. 1856 - d. 1928)
- Enrique Henríquez y
Alfau (b. 1859
- d. 1940)
- Jaime Rodolfo Vidal Castillo
(b. 1862 - d. 19..)
- Braulio Álvarez y
del
(b. 1841 - d. 1927)
Castillo (undersecretary)
31 Aug 1899 - 4 Sep 1899 People's
Revolutionary Governing Junta
- Mariano Antonio de las Mercedes (b. 1838 - d.
1909)
Cestero Aybar
- Álvaro Logroño
(b. 1855 - d. 1915)
- Arístides Patiño
Valdés
(s.a.)
- Pedro María Mejía y Cotes
(b. 1844 - d. 1916)
4 Sep 1899 - 15 Nov 1899 Felipe
Horacio Vásquez Lajara (b.
1860 - d. 1936) PA
(President of the Provisional Government;
in dissidence from 1 Aug 1899)
(1st time)
15 Nov 1899 - 2 May 1902 Juan Isidro
Jimenes
Pereyra (b.
1846 - d. 1919) PA
(1st time)
26 Apr 1902 - 23 Apr 1903 Felipe Horacio
Vásquez Lajara
(s.a.)
PR
(president of Provisional Government)
(2nd time)
23 Apr 1903 - 24 Nov 1903 Alejandro Woss y
Gil (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PA
(president of Provisional Government to 1 Aug 1903)
24 Oct 1903 - 12 Jan 1906 Carlos Felipe
Morales Languasco (b. 1867 - d.
1914) PR
(President of the Provisional Government
to 19 Apr 1904; left the country 25 Dec 1905)
25 Dec 1905 - 29 Dec 1905 Council of
Secretaries of State
(acting for Morales)
- Manuel Lamarche García
(b. 1852 - d. 1915)
- Emiliano Tejera
Penson
(b. 1841 - d. 1923)
- Andrés Julio Montolío Moscoso (b.
1821 - d. 1911)
- Francisco Leonte Vásquez Lajara (b. 1856 - d.
1923)
- Carlos Eduardo Ginebra Pelegrín (b. 1874 - d.
1939)
- Eladio Abdom Victoria Victoria
(b. 1864 - d. 1939) PR
- Federico Velásquez y Hernández (b. 1867 -
d. 1934)
29 Dec 1905 - 19 Nov 1911 Ramón Arturo
Cáceres Vásquez (b.
1866 - d. 1911) PR
(acting for Morales to 12 Jan 1906)
19 Nov 1911 - 6 Dec 1911 Council
of Secretaries
- Miguel Antonio Román Rodríguez (b. 1834 -
d. 1920)
- José María Cabral y
Baéz (b.
1864 - d. 1937)
- Manuel de Jesús María Ulpiano (b.
1878 - d. 1955)
Troncoso de la Concha
- Federico Velásquez y Hernández (s.a.)
(1st time)
- Manuel Lamarche García
(s.a.)
- Emilio Tejera Bonetti
(b. 1880 - d. 1968)
(to 30 Nov 1911)
- Rafael Díaz
6 Dec 1911 - 30 Nov 1912 Eladio Abdom
Victoria Victoria
(s.a.)
PR
(interim to 27 Feb 1912)
1 Dec 1912 - 13 Apr 1913 Adolfo
Alejandro Nouel y
(b. 1862 - d. 1937) Non-party
Bobadilla (interim)
14 Apr 1913 - 27 Aug 1914 José Bordas
Valdés (interim) (b. 1874 - d.
1968) Non-party
28 Aug 1914 - 5 Dec 1914 Ramón Báez
Machado (provisional) (b. 1858 - d.
1929) Non-party
5 Dec 1914 - 7 May 1916 Juan
Isidro Jimenes
Pereyra
(s.a.)
PA
(2nd time)
7 May 1916 - 31 Jul 1916 Council
of Secretaries
- Jaime Mota
Vidal
(b. 1860 - d. 1928)
- Bernardo José Arturo Pichardo y (b. 1877 - d.
1924)
Patín
- José Manuel Jimenes Domínguez (b. 1881 -
d. 1947)
(to 1916)
- Federico Velásquez y Hernández (s.a.)
(2nd time)(from 1916)
31 Jul 1916 - 29 Nov 1916 Francisco Hilario
Henríquez y (b. 1859 - d.
1935) PA
Carvajal (provisional)
Commanding Forces in Occupation in Santo Domingo
29 Nov 1916 - 4 Apr 1917
Harry Shepard
Knapp
(b. 1856 - d. 1923) Mil
Military Governors of Santo Domingo
4 Apr 1917 - 18 Nov 1918 Harry
Shepard
Knapp
(s.a.)
Mil
23 Aug 1917 - 11 Sep 1917 Edwin Alexander
Anderson, Jr. (b. 1860 -
d. 1933) Mil
(acting for Knapp)
29 Oct 1917 - 29 Nov 1917 Joseph Henry
Pendleton (1st time) (b. 1860 - d. 1942)
Mil
(acting for Knapp)
5 Feb 1918 - 17 Mar 1918 Joseph Henry
Pendleton (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(acting for Knapp)
6 Apr 1918 - 1 Jun 1918 Joseph
Henry Pendleton (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(acting for Knapp)
2 Jul 1918 - 1 Sep 1918 Joseph
Henry Pendleton (4th time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(acting for Knapp)
18 Nov 1918 - 25 Feb 1919 Benjamin Hebard
Fuller (acting) (b. 1870 - d. 1937)
Mil
25 Feb 1919 - 3 Jun 1921 Thomas
Snowden,
Jr.
(b. 1857 - d. 1930) Mil
3 Jun 1921 - 20 Oct 1922 Samuel
Shelburne
Robison
(b. 1867 - d. 1952) Mil
3 Jan 1922 - 19 Feb 1922 Harry Lee
(1st
time)
(b. 1872 - d. 1935) Mil
(acting for Robison)
14 Jun 1922 - 24 Jul 1922 Harry Lee (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(acting for Robison)
Presidents
21 Oct 1922 - 12 Jul 1924 Juan Bautista
Vicini Burgos
(b. 1871 - d. 1935) Lib
(provisional)
12 Jul 1924 - 2 Mar 1930 Felipe
Horacio Vásquez Lajara
(s.a.)
PN
(3rd time)
3 Mar 1930 - 16 Aug 1930 Juan Rafael
Estrella Ureña (acting)(b. 1889 - d. 1945) Rep
16 Aug 1930 - 16 Aug 1938 Rafael Leonidas
Trujillo y Molina
(s.a.)
Mil/PD
(1st time)
16 Aug 1938 - 7 Mar 1940 Jacinto
Bienvenido Peynado y
(b. 1878 - d. 1940) PD
Peynado
7 Mar 1940 - 18 May 1942 Manuel de
Jesús María Ulpiano
(s.a.)
PD
Troncoso de la Concha
18 May 1942 - 16 Aug 1952 Rafael Leonidas
Trujillo y Molina
(s.a.)
PD/Mil
(2nd time)(acting to 16 Aug 1942)
16 Aug 1952 - 3 Aug 1960 Héctor
Bienvenido Trujillo y (b.
1908 - d. 2002) PD
Molina
3 Aug 1960 - 16 Jan 1962 Joaquín
Antonio Balaguer Ricardo (b. 1906/07-d.
2002) PD
(1st time)
16 Jan 1962 - 17 Jan 1962 Civic-Military
Council
- Armando Óscar Pacheco Román (b.
1901 - d. 1983)
- Luis Emilio Amiama
Tió
(b. 1914 - d. 1980)
- Antonio Cosme Imbert Barrera
(b. 1920 - d. 2016) Mil
- Enrique Rafael Valdez Vidaurre (b. 1927 - d.
2003)
- Wilfredo Medina Natalio
(d. ....)
17 Jan 1962 - 18 Jan 1962 Huberto Carlos Conrado
Godofred (b. 1901 - d. 1962) Mil
Bogaert Román
(president of Civic-Military Council)
18 Jan 1962 - 27 Feb 1963 Rafael Filiberto
Bonnelly Fondeur (b. 1904 - d. 1979) Rep
27 Feb 1963 - 25 Sep 1963 Juan Emilio Bosch
Gaviño
(b. 1909 - d. 2001) PRD
25 Sep 1963 - 26 Sep 1963 Víctor Elby Viñas
Román
(b. 1925? - d. 2004) Mil
(chairman Provisional Junta)
26 Sep 1963 - 25 Apr 1965 Triumvirate
- Emilio de los Santos y Salcié (b. 1903 -
d. 1986) UCN
(to 22 Dec 1963) (chairman)
- Manuel Enrique Tavares Espaillat (b. 1924 - d.
1984) UCN
(to 27
Jun 1964)
- Ramón Tapia
Espinal
(b. 1926 - d. 2002) UCN
(to 8 Apr 1964)
- Donald Joseph Reid
Cabral (b.
1923 - d. 2006) UCN
(from 30 Dec 1963)(chairman)
- Ramón Cáceres
Troncoso
(b. 1930 - d. 2020) UCN
(from 18 Apr 1964)
13 Oct 1963 - 4 Nov 1963 Juan Casasnovas
Garrido (b.
1918 - d. 1998) PRD
(provisional; in dissidence)
25 Apr 1965
(hours) Revolutionary
Committee
- Vinicio Antonio Fernández Pérez
Mil
- Giovanni Gutiérrez Ramírez
Mil
- Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó (b. 1932 - d.
1973) Mil
- Eladio Ramírez Sánchez
(b. 1934 - d. 2001)
- Pedro Bartolomé
Benoit
(b. 1921 - d. 2012) Mil
Vanderhorst
25 Apr 1965 - 27 Apr 1965 José Rafael Molina
Ureña
(b. 1921 - d. 2000) PRD
(provisional)
27 Apr 1965 - 1 May 1965 no recognized
national authority
1 May 1965 - 7 May 1965 Pedro
Bartolomé Benoit Vanderhorst
(s.a.)
Mil
(chairman military junta)
4 May 1965 - 3 Sep 1965 Francisco
Alberto Caamaño Deñó
(s.a.)
Mil
(in dissidence)
7 May 1965 - 30 Aug 1965 Antonio Cosme
Imbert Barrera
(s.a.)
Mil
30 Aug 1965 - 3 Sep 1965 no recognized
national authority
3 Sep 1965 - 1 Jul 1966 Héctor
Federico García
Godoy (b. 1921 - d.
1970) PRSC
Cáceres (provisional)
1 Jul 1966 - 16 Aug 1978 Joaquín Antonio
Balaguer Ricardo
(s.a.)
PRSC
(2nd time)
16 Aug 1978 - 4 Jul 1982 Silvestre Antonio
Guzmán Fernández (b. 1911 - d. 1982) PRD
4 Jul 1982 - 16 Aug 1982 Jacobo Majluta
Azar
(b. 1934 - d. 1996) PRD
16 Aug 1982 - 16 Aug 1986 José Salvador Omar Jorge
Blanco (b. 1926 - d. 2010) PRD
16 Aug 1986 - 16 Aug 1996 Joaquín Antonio Balaguer
Ricardo
(s.a.)
PRSC
(3rd time)
16 Aug 1996 - 16 Aug 2000 Leonel Antonio
Fernández Reyna (b.
1953)
PLD
(1st time)
16 Aug 2000 - 16 Aug 2004 Rafael Hipólito
Mejía Domínqez (b.
1941)
PRD
16 Aug 2004 - 16 Aug 2012 Leonel Antonio
Fernández Reyna
(s.a.)
PLD
(2nd time)
16 Aug 2012 - 16 Aug 2020 Danilo Medina Sánchez
(b. 1951)
PLD
16 Aug 2020 -
Luis Rodolfo Abinader
Corona (b.
1967)
PRM
U.S. Military Commanders
1 Apr 1903 - 21 Apr 1903 Richard G.
McConnell
(b. 18.. - d. 1904)
(commander marine detachment U.S.S. Atlanta)
3 Feb 1904 - 11 Feb 1904 James Philips
Parker
(b.
1855 - d. 1942)
(commander
landing party U.S.S. Newark)
5 May 1916 - 12 May 1916 Frederic "Fritz"
May Wise, Jr. (b. 1877 - d. 1940)
(commander Marine expeditionary force)
12 May 1916 - 23 May 1916 William Banks
Caperton
(b. 1855 - d. 1941)
(commander U.S. cruiser squadron, Atlantic Fleet)
Commanders of all U.S. Naval Forces ashore
in Santo Domingo
23 May 1916 - 21 Jun 1916 Theodore P.
Kane
(b. 1868 - d. 1943)
21 Jun 1916 - 29 Nov 1916 Joseph Henry
Pendleton
(s.a.)
U.S. Military Governors of Santo Domingo
29 Nov 1916 - 18 Nov 1918 Harry Shepard
Knapp
(s.a.)
23 Aug 1917 - 11 Sep 1917 Edwin Alexander
Anderson, Jr. (s.a.)
(acting for Knapp)
29 Oct 1917 - 29 Nov 1917 Joseph Henry Pendleton
(1st time) (s.a.)
(acting for Knapp)
5 Feb 1918 - 17 Mar 1918 Joseph Henry
Pendleton (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Knapp)
6 Apr 1918 - 1 Jun 1918 Joseph Henry
Pendleton (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Knapp)
2 Jul 1918 - 1 Sep 1918 Joseph Henry
Pendleton (4th time) (s.a.)
(acting for Knapp)
18 Nov 1918 - 25 Feb 1919 Benjamin Hebard
Fuller
(s.a.)
25 Feb 1919 - 3 Jun 1921 Thomas Snowden,
Jr.
(s.a.)
3 Jun 1921 - 20 Oct 1922 Samuel Shelburne
Robison
(s.a.)
3 Jan 1922 - 19 Feb 1922 Harry Lee (1st
time)
(s.a.)
(acting for Robison)
14 Jun 1922 - 24 Jul 1922 Harry Lee (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(acting for Robison)
21 Oct 1922 - 12 Jul 1924 Harry Lee (acting to Mar
1923) (s.a.)
U.S. Commissioner to the Dominican Republic, with the
rank of
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
29 Jul 1922 - 12 Jul 1924 Benjamin Sumner
Welles
(b. 1892 - d. 1961)
Commanders of U.S. Land Forces (from 28 May
1965, Commander U.S. Forces in the
Dominican Republic and Deputy Commander Inter-American
Peace Force [USFORDOMREP])
1 May 1965 - 13 Jan 1966
Bruce Palmer,
Jr.
(b. 1913 - d. 2000)
13 Jan 1966 - Sep 1966
Robert R.
Linvill
(b. 1913 - d. ....)
Commanders of the Inter-American Peace Force (IAPF)
23 May 1965 - 31 May 1965 Bruce Palmer,
Jr. (U.S.)(acting) (s.a.)
31 May 1965 - 17 Jan 1966 Hugo Panasco
Alvim (Brazil) (b. 1901 - d.
1978)
17 Jan 1966 - 21 Sep 1966 Álvaro Alves da
Silva Braga (b. 1906
- d. 1971)
(Brazil)
Territorial Disputes: Haitian
migrants cross the porous border into the Dominican
Republic to find work; illegal migrants from the
Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage each year to
Puerto Rico to find better work.
Party abbreviations: PLD = Partido
de la Liberación Dominicana (Dominican
Liberation Party, progressive centrist, est.1973); PRD
= Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (Dominican
Revolutionary Party, social-democratic, center-left,
est.1939); PRM = Partido Revolucionario Moderno
(Modern Revolutionary Party, social democratic,
reformist, former Alianza Social Dominicana [Dominican
Social Alliance], est.9 Sep 2014); PRSC
= Partido Reformista Social Cristiano (Social Christian
Reformist Party, conservative, center-right, est.1963);
Mil = Military;
- Former
parties: Con
= Conservative; Lib =
Liberal; PA =
Partido Azule ("Blue" Party, "los Bolos," liberal, from
1899 nicknamed "Jimenistas," later becomes
Partido Nacional Liberal and Partido Nacional, 19th
cent.-1916); PD = Partido
Dominicano (Dominican Party, conservative,
authoritarian, Trujillo personalist, de facto only
party, 1931-1961); PN =
Partido Nacional (National Party); PR
= Partido Rojo ("Red" Party, "los Coludos,"
conservative, from 1899 nicknamed "Horacistas", 19th
cent.-1916); Rep = Partido
Republicano (Republican Party); Res
= Restaurador (Restoration, opponents of
Spanish rule); Tri =
Trinitario (Trinitarin, conservative, pro-independence,
1838-1858); Ver =
Partido Verde ("Green" party, Unionist, union between PA
and PR)
© Ben Cahoon
|