First Nations of Canada

First Nations of Canada

First Nations: Assembly of First Nations - Aamjiwnaang - Abegweit - Abenakis de Wolinak - Abitibiwinni - Acadia - Acho Dene Koe - Ahtahkakoop - Aklavik - Albany - Alderville - Alexander - Alexis Nakota Sioux - Algonquins of Barriere Lake - Algonquins of Pikwakanagan - Anicinape de Kitcisakik - Anishnabe du Lac Simon - Annapolis Valley - Athabasca Chipewyan - Atikamekw de Manawan - Atikamekw d'Opitciwan - Atikamekw de Wemotaci - Attawapiskat - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning - Barren Lands - Bear River - Beardy's and Okemasis - Beausoleil - Beaver - Beaver Lake Cree - Behdzi Ahda - Berens River - Big Island Lake Cree - Big River - Bigstone Cree - Bilijk (Kingsclear) - Birch Narrows - Birdtail Sioux - Black Lake - Black River - Blood - Bloodvein - Blueberry River - Brokenhead Ojibway - Buctouche MicMac - Buffalo Point - Buffalo River Dene - Bunibonibee Cree - Caldwell - Canoe Lake Cree - Canupawakpa Dakota - Carcross/Tagish - Carry The Kettle - Champagne and Aishihik - Chemawawin Cree - Chippewas of Georgina Island - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point - Chippewas of Nawash - Chippewas of Rama - Chippewas of the Thames - Chipewyan Prairie - Clearwater River Dene - Cold Lake - Constance Lake - Cote - Cowessess - Cowichan - Cree of Chisasibi - Cree of Mistissini - Cree of Nemaska - Cree of Wemindji - Crees of the Waskaganish - Cross Lake - Cumberland House Cree - Cruve Lake - Dakota Plains - Dakota Tipi - Dauphin River - Day Star - Dechi Laot'i (Wekweeti) - Deer Lake - Deh Gah Got'ie Dene - Deline - Dene Tha' - Deninu K'ue - Dog Rib Rae (Behchoko) - Doig River - Driftpile Cree - Duncan's - Eabametoong - Eastmain - Ebb and Flow - Eel River Bar - Elsipogtog - English River - Enoch Cree - Ermineskin - Esgenoopetitj - Eskasoni - Fisher River - Fishing Lake - Flying Dust - Fond du Lac - Fort Alexander - Fort Folly - Fort Good Hope - Fort McKay - Fort McMurray - Fort Nelson - Fort William - Fox Lake - Frog Lake - Gambler - Gameti - Garden Hill - Garden River - George Gordon - Gitanmaax - Glooscap - God's Lake - Grassy Narrows - Gwichya Gwich'in - Halfway River - Hatchet Lake - Heart Lake - Heiltsuk - Hiawatha - Hollow Water - Horse Lake - Huronne-Wendat - Indian Island - Innu Matimekush-Lac John - Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam - Innue Essipit - Innus de Ekuanitshit - Innus de Nutashkuan - Innus de Pessamit - Inuvik - James Smith - Jean Marie River - Ka'a'gee Tu - Kahkewistahaw - Kapawe'no - Kasabonika Lake - Kashechewan - K'atlodeeche - Kawacatoose - Kebaowek - Keeseekoose - Keeseekoowenin - Kehewin Cree - Kinistin Saulteaux - Kinonjeoshtegon - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug - Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg - Kluane - Kwanlin Dun - Lac La Ronge - Lake Babine - Lake Manitoba - Lake St. Martin - Lennox Island - Liard - Liidlii Kue - Lac Seul - Lax Kw’alaams - Lil'wat - Listuguj Mi'gmaq - Little Black Bear - Little Grand Rapids - Little Pine - Little Red River Cree - Little Saskatchewan - Little Salmon/Carmacks - Long Point - Loon River Cree - Louis Bull - Lubicon Lake - Lucky Man - Lutsel K'e Dene - Lytton - Madawaska Maliseet - Manto Sipi Cree - Marcel Colomb - Mathias Colomb - Makwa Sahgaiehcan - M'Chigeeng - McLeod Lake - Membertou - Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq - Miawpukek - Micmac de Gespeg - Micmacs of Gesgapegiag - Mikisew Cree - Millbrook - Ministikwan Lake Cree - Mishkeegogamang - Misipawistik Cree - Mississaugas of the Credit - Mississaugas of Scugog Island - Mistawasis Nehiyawak - Mohawks of Akwesasne - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte - Mohawks of Kahnawake - Mohawks of Kanesatake - Montana - Montagnais de Pakua Shipi - Montagnais de Unamen Shipu - Montreal Lake - Moravian of the Thames - Mosakahiken Cree - Moose Cree - Moose Deer Point - Moosomin - Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man - Munsee-Delaware - Muscowpetung - Muskeg Lake Cree - Muskoday - Muskowekwan - Mushuau Innu - Nacho Nyak Dun - Nahanni Butte - Namgis - Natoaganeg (Eel Ground) - Naskapi of Kawawachikamach - Nekaneet - Nisga’a of New Aiyansh - Nipissing - Nisichawayasihk Cree - Northlands Denesuline - Norway House - Nuxalk - O'Chiese - O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi - O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree - Ocean Man - Ochapowace - Odanak - Okanese - Okanagan - One Arrow - Oneida of the Thames - Onion Lake Cree - Opaskwayak Cree - Oromocto - Ouje-Bougoumou Cree - Pabineau - Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw - Pasqua - Paul - Pauingassi - Peepeekisis Cree - Peerless Trout - Peguis - Pehdzeh Ki - Pekuakamiulnuatsh - Pelican Lake - Peter Ballantyne - Pheasant Rump Nakota - Piapot - Pictou Landing - Piikani - Pikangikum - Pinaymootang - Pine Creek - Poundmaker - Popular River - Potlotek - Prophet River - Qalipu Mi'kmaq - Red Earth - Red Pheasant - Red Sucker Lake - Rolling River - Roseau River Anishinabe - Ross River - Saddle Lake - Sagamok Anishinawbek - Saint Mary's - Saint Theresa Point - Salt River - Sambaa K'e Dene - Samson Cree - Sandy Bay - Sandy Lake - Sapotaweyak Cree - Saugeen - Saulteau - Saulteaux - Sawridge - Sayisi Dene - Selkirk - Shamattawa - Sheguiandah - Sheshatshiu Innu - Sheshegwaning - Shoal Lake Cree - Siksika - Sioux Valley Dakota - Sipekne’katik - Six Nations of Grand River - Skownan - Smith's Landing - Squamish - Standing Buffalo - Star Blanket Cree - Stoney - Sturgeon Lake - Sturgeon Lake Cree - Sucker Creek - Swan Lake - Swan River - Sweetgrass - Tallcree - Ta'an Kwach'an - Tataskweyak Cree - Teetl'it Gwich'in - Teslin Tlingit - The Key - Thunderchild - Timiskaming - Tobique - Tooinawaziibeeng - Tr'ondek Hwech'in - Tsuut'ina - Tulita Dene - Vuntut Gwitchin - Wabaseemoong - Wagmatcook - Wahpeton Dakota - Wahta Mohawk - Walpole Island - War Lake - Wasagamack - Waswanipi - Waterhen Lake - Waywayseecappo - We'koqma'q L'nue'kati - West Moberly - West Point - Whapamgoostui - Wha Ti (Whati) - White Bear - Whitecap Dakota - Whitefish Lake - White Fish Lake - White River - Wikwemikong (Wiikwemikoong) - Witchekan Lake - Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk - Wolf Lake - Woodland Cree - Wood Mountain - Woodstock - Wuskwi Sipihk - Yellow Quill - Yellowknives Dene - York Factory - Zagime Anishinabek - Zhiibaahaasing -

by Province/Territory: Alberta - British Columbia - Manitoba - New Brunswick - Newfoundland and Labrador - Northwest Territories - Nova Scotia - Nunavut - Ontario - Prince Edward Island - Quebec - Saskatchewan - Yukon -

Note: As of 1 Jan 2021, there were 619recognized First Nations' (Premières Nations) governments or bands in Canada. The term "First Nations" refers to one of three distinct groups recognized as "Aboriginal" in the Constitution Act of 1982. The other two distinct groups characterized as "Aboriginal" are the Métis and the Inuit. First Nations have a unique and special relationship with the Crown and the people of Canada as set out in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and manifested in the Numbered Treaties, the Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982, Canadian common law, and International law and as outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.Even though the term "First Nation" is now generally used, and since 1982 increasingly included in the names of bands, the Indian Act of 1876 still uses the term "Indian Band." Indians were granted federal voting rights in 1885 (interrupted 1898-1960, except in Nova Scotia). First Nations are listed alphabetically under each modern province/territory.

Self-government of the Inuit of the Northwest Territories and Labrador was implemented through separation of Nunavut and creation of Nunatsiavut, while negotiations continue for self- government of the Inuit of Quebec (organized into a regional municipality under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975) and of the north-western part of the Northwest Territories (organized into a regional municipality under the Inuvialuit Final Agreement of 1984). Move towards territorial self-government of the Métis of the Prairies (from Alberta to the north-western part of Ontario) has begun in 2019. Due to the vast number of first nation entities on this page any assistance adding or updating information is greatly appreciated.

Assembly of First Nations

[Assembly of First Nations
(Canada)]

1961 - 1967 National Indian Council (NIC) 1968 National Indian Brotherhood (NIB) established. Apr 1982 Assembly of First Nations (AFN)(Assemblée des Premières Nations) created as the national aboriginal organization on First Nations issues in Canada.

National Chiefs of the National Indian Brotherhood 1968 - 1970 Walter Dieter (b. 1916 - d. 1988) (Peepeekisis Cree, Saskatchewan) 1970 - 1976 George Manuel (b. 1921 - d. 1989) (Neskonlith Band of Shuswap Nation, British Colombia) 1976 - 1980 Noel Starblanket (b. 1946 - d. 2019) (Star Blanket Cree, Saskatchewan) 1980 - 1982 Delbert Riley (b. 1941) (Chippewas of Thames, Ontario) National Chiefs of the Assembly of First Nations 1982 - 30 Jul 1985 David Ahenakew (b. 1933 - d. 2010) (Ahtahkakoop Cree, Saskatchewan) 30 Jul 1985 - 1991 George Erasmus (b. 1948) (Dog Rib Rae, NWT) 1991 - 1997 Ovide William Mercredi (b. 1946) (Grand Rapids Cree, Manitoba) 30 Jul 1997 - Jul 2000 Phil Fontaine (1st time) (b. 1944) (Fort Alexander [Sagkeeng] Nation, Manitoba) Jul 2000 - 16 Jul 2003 Matthew Coon Come (b. 1956) (Mistissini Cree, Quebec) 16 Jul 2003 - 23 Jul 2009 Phil Fontaine (2nd time) (s.a.) (Fort Alexander [Sagkeeng] Nation, Manitoba) 23 Jul 2009 - 2 May 2014 Shawn A-in-chut Atleo (b. 1967) (Ahousaht Nation, British Columbia) 7 May 2014 - 10 Dec 2014 Ghislain Picard (interim) (b. 1955) (Innus [Montagnais] de Pessamit, Quebec) 10 Dec 2014 - 8 Jul 2021 Perry Bellegarde (b. 1962) (Little Black Bear Cree, Saskatchewan) 8 Jul 2021 - 28 Jun 2023 RoseAnne Archibald (f) (b. 1967?) (Taykwa Tagamou Nation, Ontario) (suspended 17 Jun - 5 Jul 2022) 28 Jun 2023 - 10 Jul 2023 Vacant 10 Jul 2023 - 7 Dec 2023 Joanna Bernard (f)(interim) (Madawaska Maliseet, New Brunswick) 7 Dec 2023 - Cindy Woodhouse (f) (b. c.1983) (Pinaymootang First Nation, Manitoba)

Alberta

Alexander
1879 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Alexander). Chiefs 1879 - af.1905 Alexander (Kipohtakaw) af.1905 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - af.1987 J. Stanley Arcand (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Allan Paul (1st time) bf.1991 - 1999 J. Stanley Arcand (2nd time) 1999 – 2005 Victoria Arcand (f) 2005 – 2008 Raymond Arcand 2008 – 2011 Allan Paul 2011 - 2014 Herbert R. Arcand 2014 - 2020 Kurt Burnstick2020 - George Arcand

Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation

1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Alexis). 1891 – 1914 Renamed Joseph. 2005 Renamed Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation. 2008 Casino opened. Chiefs 1877 – 1890 Alexis (Stoney name: Aranaji "Stands on the Hill"; Cree name: Keeskeecheechi) 1891 – 1910 Joseph (Soosay) 1910 – 1914 Vacant 1914 – 1927 Francois Alexis 1927 – 1930 Vacant 1930 – 1950 Joseph Alexis 1951 – 1959 Joe Alexis 1960 – 1964 Alexander Alexis 1964 – 1965 Anthony Potts 1965 – 1966 Moses Kootenay (1st time) 1966 – 1968 Willie Lefthand 1968 – 1970 Moses Kootenay (2nd time) 1970 – 1971 Johnny Alexis 1971 – 1976 Howard D. Mustus (1st time) 1976 – 1980 Thomas Potts 1980 – 1996 Howard D. Mustus (2nd time) 1996 – 1998 Roderick Alexis (1st time) 1998 – 2002 Francis Alexis 2002 – 2006 Roderick Alexis (2nd time) 2006 – 2013 Cameron Alexis 2013 - Clayton T. Alexis

Athabasca Chipewyan

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1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Chipewyan). 1932 – 1967 Athabaska Indian Agency established. 1992/96 Renamed Athabasca Chipewyan. Chiefs1899 – 1921 Alexandre Laviolette (b. 1867 - d. 1921) 1921 – 1952 Jonas Laviolette (b. 1879 - d. 1952) 1952 – 1956 Benjamin Marcel 1956 – 1983 A. Fredolin Marcel 1983 – 1987 Archie Cyprien (1st time) 1987 – 1991 Patrice Marcel 1991 – 1995 Joseph T. Mercredi 1995 – 2007 Archie Cyprien (2nd time) 2007 - Allan B. Adam

Beaver1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Beaver of Fort Vermilion). c.1928 Renamed Boyer River. 1992 Renamed Beaver. Chiefs 1900 - af.1910 Ambrose Tete-Noire af.1910 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - 1999 Harvey R. Bulldog 1999 - 2005 Barbara Wendt (f) 2005 - 2008 Henry Kidney (1st time) 2008 - 2011 Lorne Bulldog 2011 - 2013 Henry Kidney (2nd time) 2013 - 2020 Trevor L. Mercredi 2020 - Gary Kipling

Beaver Lake Cree Nation

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1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Lac La Biche). 1879 Beaver Lake separated from Lac La Biche. 1911 Lac La Biche dissolved, partly merged into Beaver Lake. 2002 Renamed Beaver Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs of Lac La Biche1876 – 1885 Francois Desjarlais (Peayasis)(b. 1824 - d. 1899) 1885 – 1911 Vacant Chiefs of Beaver Lake bf.1883 – 1885 Kaquanum (headman) 1885 – af.1914 Vacant 1965 – 1969 Lillian Pruden (f) 1969 – 1970 Lawrence Mountain 1970 – af.1992 Alphonse Lameman (1st time) bf.1996 - 1997 Emile Cardinal 1997 – 199. Alphonse Lameman (2nd time) c.1999 Rosaire R. Bugle bf.2001 - 2011 Alphonse Lameman (3rd time) 2011 - 2015 Henry Gladue 2015 - 2023 Germaine A. Anderson (f) 2023 - Gary Lameman

Bigstone Cree Nation1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Wabasca). 1982 Renamed Bigstone Cree Nation. Chiefs1899 - 1946 Joseph Bigstone (Kapusekonew) (d. 1946) 1947 - 1962 Maxime Beauregard (d. 1962) 1962 Tommy Auger 1962 - 1964 Samson Beaver 1964 - 1976 Sammy Young 1976 - 1978 Alphonse Auger 1978 - 1980 Leonard Young 1980 - 1984 William Beaver 1984 - 1988 Mike Beaver 1988 - 1990 Charles G. Beaver (b. 1955) 1990 - 1992 Eric G. Alook 1992 - 1996 Gordon T. Auger (1st time) 1996 - 2000 Russell M. Beaver 2000 - 2004 Gordon T. Auger (2nd time) 2004 - 2008 Francis G. Gladue 2008 - 2012 Gordon T. Auger (3rd time) 2012 - 2014 Romeo R. Cardinal 2014 - 2018 Gordon T. Auger (4th time) 2018 - 2022 Silas Yellowknee 2022 - Andy Alook

Blood

Possible Former Flag

[Blood tribe
(Alberta, Canada) flag] Current Flag

c.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika).1877 Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Blood), to 1915 divided into two+ divisions.1880 – 1969 Blood (to 1884, Fort McLeod) Indian Agency established.

Head chiefs of the Southern Blood1847/49 – 1869 Piiyinakoyiima "Seen From (b. c.1809 – d. 1869) Afar"1869 - 1870 Kyaiyosiksina "Black Bear" (d. 1870)1870 - 1900 Mekiaisto "Red Crow" (b. 1830 - d. 1900)1900 - 1913 Makoyopistooki "Crop Eared (b. 1846 - d. 1913) Wolf"1913 - 1915 "Shot Both Sides" (b. 1873 - d. 1956)Head chiefs of the Northern Bloodc.1842 - 1865/68 Stamikosaki "Bull Back Fat" (d. 1865/68)1865/68 - 1877 Manistoko "Father of Many (d. 1884) Children" 1877 - 1878 Sotaiina "Rainy Chief" (b. c.1809 – d. 1878)1878 - 1882 Aatsistamahka "Running Rabbit"(d. af.1900)1883 "Calf Tail" (d. 1883)1883 - 1889 Onistaipoka "White Calf" (d. 1897) (not recognized by Canada)1889 - 1907 "Day Chief" ("Thunder Chief") (b. c.1844 - d. 1907)1907 - 1915 "Weasel Horse" (b. c.1843 – d. 1915) ("Blackfoot Old Woman") Head chiefs 1915 - 1956 "Shot Both Sides" (s.a.) 1956 - 1964 Jim Shot Both Sides (d. 1980) Chiefs 1964 - 1966 Rufus Goodstriker 1966 - 1980 Jim Shot Both Sides (s.a.) 1980 - 29 Nov 1992 Roy Fox (1st time) 29 Nov 1992 - Mar 1993 Harley Frank (1st time) Mar 1993 - 22 Mar 1993 Randy Bottle (interim) 22 Mar 1993 - 30 Jun 1993 Harley Frank (2nd time) 30 Jun 1993 - 1996 Roy Fox (2nd time) 1996 - 2004 Christopher Shade 2004 - 2016 Charles Weasel Head 2016 - Roy Fox (3rd time)

Chipewyan Prairie1923 Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Janvier). 1992/96 Renamed Chipewyan Prairie. Chiefs 1923 - 19.. .... bf.1982 - 1985 Archie Janvier 1985 - af.1991 Walter B. Janvier (1st time) c.1992 Fred Black bf.1996 - 2007 Walter B. Janvier (2nd time) 2007 - Vern J. Janvier

Cold Lake

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Cold Lake). 2007 Casino opened. Chiefs1876 – 1882 Matthias Janvier (d. 1882) (Chipewyan name: Uldahi; Cree name: Kenoseyo) 1882 – 1913 Vacant 1913 – 1917 Alexis Janvier 1917 – 1919 Vacant 1919 – 1930 Alphonse Thomas 1930 – 1947 Harry Janvier (1st time) 1948 – 1949 Charles Minoose 1949 – 1953 Charles Blackman (1st time) 1954 – 1956 Abraham Skani 1956 – 1958 Harry Janvier (2nd time) 1958 – 1959 Charles Blackman (2nd time) 1959 – 1960 Simon Martin 1960 – 1962 Pierre Metchewais 1962 – 1964 Louis B. Janvier 1964 – 1966 Elaire Janvier 1966 – 1967 Ovide Jacko 1967 – 1968 Dominic Skani 1968 – 1970 Alfred Nadabelle 1970 – 1975 Ralph Blackman (1st time) 1975 – 1976 Norman Scanie 1976 – 1978 Leo Janvier 1978 – 1979 Maynard Metchewais (1st time) 1979 – 1980 Marcel Piche (1st time) 1980 – 1982 Ralph Blackman (2nd time) 1982 – 1984 Marcel Piche (2nd time) 1984 – 1985 Maynard Metchewais (2nd time) 1985 – 1986 Alex Charland (acting) 1986 – 1988 Francis Scanie (1st time) 1988 – 1990 Harvey Scanie 1990 – 1992 Baptiste Blackman 1992 – 1994 Mary A. Francois (f) 1994 – 1999 Francis Scanie (2nd time) 1999 – 2005 Joyce Metchewais (f) 2005 – 2008 Dwayne Nest 2008 – 2010 Walter S. Janvier 2010 – 2013 Cecil Janvier 2013 - 2019 Bernice Martial(f)2019 - 2022 Roger Marten 2022 - Kelsey Jacko

Dene Tha'1900 Signed the Treaty No.8 of 1899 (Slaveys of the Upper Hay River). 1982 Renamed Dene Tha'. Chiefs 1900 – 19.. Alexis Tatatechay c.1910 Francois Tchatee (Chateh) 19.. – 19.. Zama (Zamba) 19.. – 1938 Talley 1938 – 1993 Harry G. Chonkolay (b. 1909 – d. 1998) 1993 – 2001 James Ahnassay (1st time) 2001 – 2005 Stephen Didzena 2005 – 2013 James Ahnassay (2nd time) 2013 - 2017 Joe Pastion2017 - 2022 James Ahnassay (3rd time) 2022 - Wilfred Hooka-Nooza

Driftpile Cree Nation

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1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Lesser Slave Lake). 1908 – 1974 Lesser Slave Lake Indian Agency established. 1910 Renamed Driftpile. 2017 Renamed Driftpile Cree Nation. Chiefs1899 - 1918 Andrew Willier (Kinosew) (d. 1918) 1918 - 1936 Felix Willier (d. 1936) c.1955 A. Giroux bf.1982 - af.1987 James Giroux (1st time) c.1988 Eugene Laboucan (1st time) bf.1989 - af.1990 Clifford J. Freeman (1st time) bf.1991 - 1996 Eugene Laboucan (2nd time) 1996 - 1998 Clifford J. Freeman (2nd time) 1998 - 2000 James Giroux (2nd time) 2000 - 2002 Thomas Bellerose 2002 - 2014 Rose C. Laboucan (f) 2014 - 2016 Dean M. Giroux 2016 - Dwayne Laboucan

Duncan's1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Peace River Landing). c.1910 Renamed Duncan's. Chiefs1899 - 1918 Duncan Testawits (headman) (b. c.1848 - d. 1918) c.1928 Joseph Testawits (headman) c.1982 Francis E. Lawrence c.1987 Irwin Knott (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1989 R.S. Testawitch bf.1990 - af.1992 Donald J. Testawitch (1st time) bf.1994 - 1995 Irwin Knott 1995 - 1999 Donald J. Testawich (1st time) 1999 - 2001 Patti Nooskey (f) 2001 - 2016 Donald J. Testawich (2nd time) 2016 - Virginia M. Gladue (f)

Enoch Cree Nation

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1877 Signed the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (Papaschase). 1877 – 1967 Edmonton Indian Agency established. 1882 Lapotac (in 1884 renamed Enoch) separated from Papaschase. 1888 Papaschase dissolved, partly merged into Enoch. 1993/96 Renamed Enoch Cree Nation. 2006 Casino opened. Chiefs of Papaschase1877 – 1886 John Gladu-Quinn (Papaschase) (b. 1838 – d. 1921) 1886 – 1888 Band Council (3 headmen) Chiefs of Enoch (to 1884, Lapotac) 1882 – 1883 Tommy Lapotac (b. 1842 - d. 1883) 1884 – 1891 Enoch Lapotac (b. 1859 - d. 1891) 1891 – 1896 Band Council (4 headmen) 1896 – 1905 Mistatim "Mr. Jim" (headman to 1899) 1905 – 1908 Vacant 1908 – 1913 Joseph Louis Ward (b. 1879 – d. 19..) 1913 – 1916 Alexis C. Morin (1st time) (b. 1870 – d. 19..) 1916 – 1920 Vacant 1920 – 1937 Alexis C. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1937 – 1954 James Peacock (b. 1882 – d. 1958) 1954 – 1961 William Morin (1st time) (b. 1896 – d. 1970) 1961 – 1963 Alex Peacock (1st time) (b. 1924 – d. 2007) 1963 – 1965 William Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1965 – 1969 Alex Peacock (2nd time) (s.a.) 1969 – 1977 Raymond F. Cardinal (1st time)(b. 1935 – d. 2009) 1977 – 1979 James Brule (b. 1947) 1979 – 1981 Raymond F. Cardinal (2nd time)(s.a.) 1981 – 1985 Jerome A. Morin (1st time) (b. 1948) 1985 – 1987 Raymond F. Cardinal (3rd time)(s.a.) 1987 – 1989 Howard Peacock (1st time) (b. 1947) 1989 – 1990 Jerome A. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1990 – 1991 Robert Sharphead (acting) (b. 1947 – d. 2003) 1991 – 1995 Howard Peacock (2nd time) (s.a.) 1995 – 1999 Ronald V. Morin (1st time) (b. 1964) 1999 Clark Peacock (b. 1954) 1999 – 2000 Ronald V. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 2000 – 2003 Lorne Morin (b. 1958) 2003 – 2009 Ronald V. Morin (3rd time) (s.a.) 2009 – 2011 Harry Sharphead (b. 1969) 2011 - 2015 Ronald V. Morin (4th time) (s.a.) 2015 - 2022 William A. Morin (b. 1987)2022 - Cody Thomas

Ermineskin
1879 Separated from Bobtail (see Samson), under the Treaty No. 6 (Ermineskin). Chiefs1879 – 1929 Jean-Baptiste Piche (b. 1831 – d. 1929) (Sikosew-inew "Ermine Skin") 1929 - c.1971 .... c.1971 Morris Wolfe c.1982 Lawrence N. Wildcat bf.1987 - af.1988 Arthur M. Littlechild bf.1989 - 1990 Eddie Littlechild 1990 – 1996 John Ermineskin 1996 – 2002 Gerald R. Ermineskin (1st time) 2002 – 2005 George L. Minde (1st time) 2005 – 2006 Gerald R. Ermineskin (2nd time) (acting) 2006 – 2008 George L. Minde (2nd time) 2008 – 2011 Gerald R. Ermineskin (3rd time) 2011 - 2014 Craig Makinaw (1st time) 2014 - 2017 Randy Ermineskin(1st time) 2017 - 2020 Craig Makinaw (2nd time) 2020 - 2023 Randy Ermineskin (2nd time) 2023 - Joel Mykat

Fort McKay

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1942 Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Fort McKay). Chiefs 1942 - c. 1982 .... c.1982 Dorothy M. McDonald (f) (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1990 Jim L. Boucher (1st time) c.1991 Dorothy M. McDonald (f) (2nd time) bf.1992 - 1996 Mel Grandjamb (1st time) 1996 - 2019 Jim L. Boucher2019 - 2023 Mel Grandjamb (2nd time) 2023 - Raymond Powder

Fort McMurray1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Fort McMurray). 1924 – 1932 Fort McMurray Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1900 - 19.. Adam Boucher (headman) c.1914 Vacant bf.1982 - af.1990 Robert Cree bf.1991 - 2002 Bernice Cree (f) 2002 – 2005 Michael Cheecham 2005 - 2011 Albert J. Cree 2011 - 2022 Ronald A. Kreuzter 2022 - Neil Cheecham

Frog Lake1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Unipouheos). 1914 Renamed Frog Lake. Chiefs 1876 – 18.. Cascakiswes "Head Held Back" bf.1882 - 1885 Onipawihew "Makes Him Stand" 1885 – 1914 Vacant 1914 – 1930 Napayo 1931 – 1952 John Horse 1953 – 1955 Thomas Quinney 1955 – 1957 Alex Waskahat (1st time) 1957 – 1959 Phileon Stanley 1959 Alex Waskahat (2nd time) 1959 – 1961 Fred Horse (1st time) 1961 – 1965 Alex Waskahat (3rd time) 1965 – 1965 John B. Stanley 1967 – 1969 Fred Horse (2nd time) 1969 – 1971 Alex Waskahat (4th time) 1971 – 1972 Sam Waskahat (1st time) 1972 – 1973 Fred Fiddler (1st time) 1973 – 1975 Sam Waskahat (2nd time) 1975 – 1977 Lawrence Quinney 1977 – 1979 Fred Fiddler (2nd time) 1979 – 1983 Sam Waskahat (3rd time) 1983 – 1987 Raymond Quinney (1st time) 1987 Thomas Abraham 1987 – 1989 Raymond Quinney (2nd time) 1989 – 1995 E. Thomas Abraham (1st time) 1995 – 1997 George L. Fryingpan 1997 – 1999 Raymond Quinney (3rd time) 1999 – 2001 E. Thomas Abraham (2nd time) 2001 – 2005 Raymond Quinney (4th time) 2005 – 2007 Roland Quinney 2007 – 2009 George Stanley 2009 - 2019 Clifford L. Stanley2019 - Gregory Desjarlais

Heart Lake


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1882 Separated from Cold Lake, under the Treaty No. 6 (Heart Lake). Chiefs 1882 – 1886 Antoine (headman) 1886 – af.1899 Fabian (headman) c.1914 .... (headman) 1964 – 1986 Eugene Monias (1st time) 1986 Peter Francis 1986 – 1997 Eugene Monias (2nd time) 1997 - 2018 Maurice D. Monias2018 - Curtis Monias

Horse Lake1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Beaver of Dunvegan). c.1964 Renamed Horse Lake. Chiefs1899 - 1900 Natoosis (headman) 1900 - 1924 Nipee (d. 1924) 1924 - 1940 Pierre Lowe (Pelee) (d. 1940) c.1952 Ernest Horseman c.1972 Alfred Chaterlaine bf.1982 - af.1987 James Horseman bf.1988 - af.1992 D. Robert Horseman (1st time) bf.1996 - 1997 Robert E. Horseman 1997 - 2001 D. Robert Horseman (2nd time) 2001 - 2009 Dion Horseman 2009 - 2013 Richard Horseman 2013 - 2017 Eugene Horseman2017 - Ramona E. Horseman (f)

Kapawe'no


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1965 Separated from Sucker Creek, under the Treaty No. 8 (Grouard). 1992/96 Renamed Kapawe'no. Chiefs1965 – 1970 Halcrow 1970 - 2020 Frank Thomas Halcrow (b. 1943 - d. 2020) 2020 - Sydney L. Halcrow

Kehewin Cree Nation [Kehewin Cree Nation (Alberta,
Canada)]

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Kehewin). 1992 Renamed Long Lake Cree Nation. 1995/96 Renamed Kehewin Cree Nation. Chiefs1876 – 1885 John (Kehewin "The Eagle") (d. 1887) 1885 – 1913 Vacant 1913 – 1921 J.B. John 1921 – 1973 .... 1973 – 1975 Theresa Gadwa (f) 1975 – 1979 Joseph F. Dion (b. 1948) 1979 – 1997 Gordon Gadwa (b. 1945) 1997 – 2001 J. Eric Gadwa (1st time) 2001 – 2005 Gordon John 2005 – 2008 J. Eric Gadwa (2nd time) 2008 – 2011 Ernest Gadwa 2011 - 2015 J. Eric Gadwa (3rd time) 2015 - 2018 Brenda Joly (f) (from 2017, Brenda Vanguard) 2018 - 2021 Vernon Watchmaker 2021 - Trevor John

Little Red River Cree Nation1930 Separated from Tallcree, under the Treaty No. 8 (Little Red River). 1992 Renamed Little Red River Cree Nation. Chiefs1930 - af.1961 Jean-Baptiste Sewepagaham (b. 1878 – d. 1965) 1980 - 2003 Alec J. Sewepagaham 2003 - 2007 Floyd Noskiye 2007 - 2011 Gus Loonskin (1st time) 2011 - 2015 Leslie J. Laboucan 2015 - 2018 Gus Loonskin (2nd time) 2018 - Conroy Sewepagaham

Loon River Cree 1992 Separated from Lubicon Lake, under the Treaty No. 8 (Loon River Cree). Chiefs 1992 - 2001 Paddy Noskey 2001 - 2004 Jerry Noskey 2004 - 2016 Arthur Noskey 2016 - 2019 Bernadette Noskey (f) (from 2017, Bernadette Sharpe)2019 - Ivan Sawan

Louis Bull
1879 Separated from Bobtail (see Samson), under the Treaty No. 6 (Muddy Bull). 1886 Renamed Louis Bull. 2022 Casino opened. Chiefs1879 – 1886 Noah Muddy Bull (headman) (d. 1886) 1886 - af.1910 Louis Bull (headman to 1909) c.1914 Tom Bull (headman) c.1950 Francis Bull c.1982 Peter Bull bf.1987 - af.1991 Simon Threefingers (1st time) c.1992 Herman Roasting bf.1996 - 1998 Jonathan Bull 1998 - 2001 Helen Bull (f) 2001 - 2007 Simon Threefingers (2nd time) 2007 – 2010 Wayne Moonias 2010 - 2016 Russel Threefingers 2016 - 2022 Irvin Bull2022 - Desmond Bull

Lubicon Lake

Opposition Flag


Canada Recognized Council Flag

1939 Separated from Whitefish Lake, under the Treaty No. 8 (Lubicon Lake); no reserve established as of 2017. Chiefs1940 – 19.. Joseph Laboucan 1970/73 - 1978 Walter Whitehead 1978 - 2013 Bernard A. Ominayak (b. 1950) (from 2013, continues in opposition) 2013 - Billy J. Laboucan

Mikisew Cree Nation1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Chipewyan Cree). 1992 Renamed Mikisew Cree Nation. Chiefs1899 - 1909 Justin Martin (Mikisew) (b. c.1833 - d. 1909) 1909 - 1930 Justin Martin, Jr. (b. 1860 – d. 1930) 1930 - 1941 Felix P. Whitehead (d. 1941) 1942 - 1968 John Cowie 1968 - 1970 Ernest Courtoreille 1970 - 1974 Albert Gladue (1st time) 1974 - 1976 John J. Courtoreille 1976 Archie Waquan (1st time) 1976 - 1977 Sammy Tuccaro 1977 Cecilia Simpson (f) (interim) 1977 - 1978 Albert Gladue (2nd time) 1978 - 1979 Lawrence Courtoreille (1st time) 1979 - 1980 Lloyd J. Antoine 1980 - 1984 Lawrence Courtoreille (2nd time) 1984 - 1986 Archie Waquan (2nd time) 1986 - 1989 Rita Marten (f) 1989 - 1990 Matthew Lepine 1990 - 1993 Archie Waquan (3rd time) 1993 - 1996 Lawrence Vermillion 1996 - 1999 Archie Waquan (4th time) 1999 Mary Simpson (f) (acting) 1999 - 2002 George Poitras 2002 - 2005 Archie Waquan (5th time) 2005 - 2011 Roxanne D. Marcel (f) 2011 - 2017 Steve G. Courtoreille 2017 - 2020 Archie Waquan (6th time) 2020 - 2022 Peter Powder 2022 - Billy-Joe Tuccaro

Montana
1898 A band organized under the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (Montana) from the Cree Indians, who had returned to Canada after fleeing to the U.S. in 1885.Chiefs 1898 – af.1914 Vacantaf.1914 - c.1975 ....c.1975 Lillian Potts (f)bf.1978 - af.1982 Leo Cattleman (1st time)bf.1986 - 1989 Melvin Potts1989 – 1999 Leo Cattleman (2nd time)1999 – 2002 Darrell Strongman (1st time)2002 – 2005 Leo Cattleman (3rd time)2005 – 2008 Carl Rabbit2008 – 2011 Carolyn Buffalo (f)2011 - 2014 Bradley Rabbit2014 - 2017 Darrell Strongman (2nd time) 2017 - 2023 Leonard Standing On The Road 2023 - Ralph Cattleman

O'Chiese

1950 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (O'Chiese). Chiefs 1950 – 19.. George Daychief bf.1982 - af.1988 Theresa Strawberry (f) c.1989 George Strawberry bf.1990 - af.1992 Caroline Beaver Bones (f) bf.1995 - 1998 Alice Strawberry (f) 1998 – 2002 Danny Bradshaw 2002 - 2019 Darren Whitford2019 - Ray D. Beaverbones

Paul1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Sharphead). 1898 Renamed Paul. Chiefs 1877 - 1888 Cheepostequan "Sharphead" (1st time) 1888 - 1890 George Bear1890 - 1897 Cheepostequan"Sharphead" (2nd time) 1898 - 1901 Paul Firebag (1st time) (d. 1920) 1901 - 1906 Band Council (2-3 headmen) 1906 - 1911 David S. Bird (d. 1911) 1911 - 1915 Joseph Michel 1915 - 1920 Paul Firebag (2nd time) (s.a.) 1920 - 1922 John House 1922 - 1929 Vacant 1929 - 1930 David Peter 1930 - 1934 Vacant 1934 - 1935 Peter Burnstick 1935 - 1938 Vacant 1938 - 1946 Enoch Bird 1946 - 1948 Alex House 1948 - 1952 Joseph House (1st time) 1952 - 1955 David Bird 1955 - 1956 Joseph House (2nd time) 1956 - 1958 John Paul 1958 - 1960 Jacob Rain 1960 - 1966 Samuel Bird (1st time) 1966 - 1968 Willie Rain (1st time) 1968 - 1978 Samuel Bird (2nd time) 1978 – 1982 Myles A. House 1982 - 1984 Edwin Burnstick 1984 - 1986 Enoch Bird (1st time) 1986 - 1988 Willie Rain (2nd time) 1988 - 198. Enoch Bird (2nd time) bf.1989 - af.1992 Walter Rain bf.1995 - 1996 Rema Rain (1st time) 1996 - 2000 Wilson S. Bearhead 2000 - 2002 Rema Rain (2nd time) 2002 - 2004 Francis Bull 2004 - 2010 Daniel Paul 2010 - 2016 Casey G. Bird (1st time) 2016 - 2022 Arthur Rain 2022 - Casey G. Bird (2nd time)

Peerless Trout

Former Flag


Current Flag

2010 Separated from Bigstone Cree, under the Treaty No. 8 (Peerless Trout); no reserve established as of 2017. Chiefs 2010 – 2018 James Alook 2018 - 2022 Gladys Okemow (f) 2022 - Gilbert Okemow

Piikani Nationc.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika). 1877 Northern Peigan (in Canada) signed the Treaty No. 7 (as Peigan), Southern Peigan (in the U.S.) became Blackfeet. 1888 – 1966 Peigan Indian Agency established. 1996 Renamed Peigan Nation. 2002 Renamed Piikani Nation. Head chiefsbf.1847 - 1876 Stamiksotokani "Bull Head" (d. 1876) (head chief of Northern Peigan) 1876 – 1886 Soatsitapitaupi "Eagle Tail (d. 1886) Feathers" 1886 – 1890 "North Axe" (b. c.1849 - d. 1890) 1890 – 1901 Maistopita "Crow Eagle" (b. c.1833 – d. 1901) 1901 - af.1911 Siksapo "Black Plume" (b. 1858 – d. 19..) 1949 – 1963 John Yellow Horn (b. 1900 – d. 1983) Chiefs 1964 – 1976 Maurice McDougall (b. 1906 – d. 1976) 1976 – 1982 Nelson Small Legs 1982 – 1989 Peter Yellowhorn 1989 – 1995 Leonard Bastien 1995 – 1997 Philip Big Swan 1997 – 2007 Peter Strikes With A Gun 2007 – 2011 Reg Crowshoe 2011 - 2015 Gayle M. Strikes With A Gun (f) 2015 - 2023 Stanley Grier 2023 - Troy Knowlton

Saddle Lake Cree Nation


Flag of Saddle Lake group


Flag of White Fish Lake group

1876 Signed the Treaty No.6 (Little Hunter and James Seenum). 1884 – 1967 Saddle Lake (to 1887, Victoria) Indian Agency established. 1902 James Seenum (in c.1934 renamed White Fish Lake) merged into Little Hunter (in 1902 renamed Saddle Lake), but each group retains separate administration. c.1982 – 1992/96 White Fish Lake group renamed Goodfish Lake. 2010 Renamed Saddle Lake Cree Nation. Head chief of the Beaver Hills People (Plains Cree and their Stoney allies in central and eastern part of Alberta)bf.1870 - 1876 Onochi Minahowasis (b. c.1820 - d. 1882) "Little Hunter" Chiefs of Saddle Lake (to 1902, Little Hunter)1876 - 1882 Onochi Minahowasis (s.a.) "Little Hunter" 1882 - 1886 Vacant 1886 - 1896 Thomas Hunter (headman) 1896 - 1913 Vacant bf.1924 - 1929 Thomas Makokis (b. 1870 – d. 19..) 1929 Louis Cardinal 1930 - 1943 Moses Ayiwakes 1943 - 1946 George Hunter 1946 - 1956 .... 1956 - 1960 Joseph P. Cardinal (1st time) (b. 1921 – d. 2003) 1960 - 1966 Julian Moses 1966 - 1969 Ralph Garvin Steinhauer (b. 1905 – d. 1987) 1969 - 1972 Horace Jackson 1972 - 1975 Joseph P. Cardinal (2nd time) (s.a.) 1975 - 1980 Eugene Steinhauer (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 1995) 1980 - 1981 Charles E. Wood 1981 - 1984 Henry B. Quinney 1984 - 1985 Eugene Steinhauer (2nd time) (s.a.) 1985 - 1987 Eugene Houle (b. 1949 - d. 2012) 1987 - 1989 Eugene Steinhauer (3rd time) (s.a.) 1989 - 1992 Carl Quinn 1992 - 1995 Eric J. Large (b. 1945) 1995 - 1998 Shirley M. Steinhauer (f) 1998 - 2001 John Shirt 2001 - 2013 Eddy Makokis (1st time) 2013 - 2016 Leonard Jackson 2016 - 2019 Eddy Makokis (2nd time) 2019 - 2022 Eric Shirt 2022 - 29 Mar 2024 Terry Cardinal (b. 1955 - d. 2024)Chiefs of White Fish Lake (to c.1934, James Seenum; c.1982-1992/96 Goodfish Lake) 1876 – 1917 James Seenum (b. 1842 - d. 1917) (Pakan "Hard Nut") c.1932? Edward Seenum c.1982 Harry Sparklingeyes c.1985 Sam Bull (d. 1996) 198. - 1987 Morris H. Jackson 1987 - af.1990 Ernest Houle bf.1991 - af.1992 Allen Houle (1st time) af.1992 - 1996 .... 1996 - 1999 Allen Houle (2nd time) 1999 - 2002 Alan J. Makokis 2002 - 2008 Leonard Thomas Houle (1st time) 2008 - 2014 James Jackson 2014 - 2017 Brian Favel 2017 - 2021 Leonard Thomas Houle (2nd time)2021 - Stan Houle

Samson
1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Bobtail). 1879 Samson separated from Bobtail. 1884 – 1967 Hobbema (to 1892, Peace Hills) Indian Agency established. 1886 Bobtail dissolved, partly merged into Samson. Chief of Bobtail1877 – 1886 Alexis Piche (b. 1829 – d. 1900) (Kiskiyew "Bobtail") Chiefs of Samson 1879 – 1898 Samson (Kanatakasew) (d. 1898) 1899 – 1942 Joseph Samson 1942 – 1952 James Crane 1953 – 1955 Baptiste Saddleback 1955 – 1957 John S. Samson (1st time) 1957 – 1959 Felix Buffalo (1st time) 1959 – 1961 John S. Samson (2nd time) 1961 – 1963 Felix Buffalo (2nd time) 1963 – 1965 Harry Rain 1965 – 1969 Jacob L. Samson 1969 – 1973 Norman Yellowbird 1973 – 1975 Arthur Potts 1975 – 1979 Frank Buffalo 1979 – 1981 Jim Omeasoo (1st time) 1981 – 1983 Victor S. Buffalo (1st time) 1983 – 1989 Jim Omeasoo (2nd time) 1989 – 1993 Victor S. Buffalo (2nd time) 1993 – 1996 Terry Buffalo 1996 – 1999 Florence Buffalo (f) 1999 – 2002 Lena Cutknife (f) 2002 – 2008 Victor S. Buffalo (3rd time) 2008 - 2014 Marvin Yellowbird 2014 - 2017 Kurt Buffalo 2017 - Vernon J. Saddleback

Sawridge1910 Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Sawridge). Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)1910 - 1966 .... 1966 - 1997 Walter P. Twinn (b. 1934 – d. 1997) 1997 - 2002 Bertha L'Hirondelle-Twin (f) 2002 - 2023 Roland Twinn 2023 - Isaac Twinn

Siksika

[Siksika Nation (Alberta,
Canada)]

c.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (in the Blackfoot: Niitsitapi), which included Blood, Blackfoot, Peigan (now Piikani [in Canada] and Blackfeet [in the U.S.]), Sarcee (now Tsuut'ina) and Gros Ventre (withdrew in 1866; now Fort Belknap [in the U.S.]) tribes.1855 - 1872 The confederacy (referred to as the Blackfoot Nation) under the U.S. protection (actually not involving Blackfoot and Sarcee tribes).1877 Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Blackfoot), to 1911 divided into two (occasionally three) divisions.1884 - 1969 Blackfoot Indian Agency established.1990 Renamed Siksika Nation.

Head chiefs of the Southern Blackfoot bf.1850 – c.1860 Akawmahkaii "Old Swan" (d. c.1860)c.1860 – 1872 Akamahkaii "Big Swan" (d. 1872)1872 - 1890 Isapoomahksika "Crowfoot" (b. 1830 - d. 1890) (considered by Canada as the supreme chief of the confederacy)1890 – 1892 Niuokskastami "Three Bulls" (d. 1892)1892 – 1911 Aatsistamahka "Running Rabbit"(b. c.1833 – d. 1911)Head chiefs of the Northern Blackfoot bf.1854 - 1860 Natosapi "Old Sun I" (d. 1860)1860 – 1897 Natosapi "Old Sun II" (b. c.1819 – d. 1897)1897 – 1903 "White Pup" (d. 1903)1903 – 1911 Otahkomiota "Yellow Horse" (d. 1920) Head chiefs 1911 – 1920 Otahkomiota (s.a.)1920 "Water Chief" (d. af.1939)1920 – 1948 "Duck Chief" (b. 1864 – d. 1948)1948 – 1953 ....Chiefs1953 – 1957 Joseph Crowfoot (b. 1892 – d. 1976)1957 – 1967 Clarence McHugh (1st time) (b. 1910 – d. 19..)1967 – Oct 1968 Percy Yellow Fly (b. 1928 – d. 2005)Oct 1968 – Mar 1971 Adam Solway (d. 1986)Mar 1971 – Nov 1971 Clarence McHugh (2nd time) (s.a.)Nov 1971 – 1981 Leo Pretty Young Man (1st time)1981 – 1983 Roy Little Chief (b. 1938 - d. 2020)1983 – 1987 Leo Pretty Young Man (2nd time)1987 - 1995 Strater J. Crowfoot (1st time)1995 - 1997 Robert Ryan Breaker, Jr.1997 – 2001 Darlene Yellow Old Woman- (b. 1953) Munro (f)2001 – Nov 2003 Adrian Stimson, Sr. (1st time)Nov 2003 – Nov 2005 Strater J. Crowfoot (2nd time)Nov 2005 – Nov 2007 Adrian Stimson, Sr. (2nd time)Nov 2007 – Nov 2010 Leroy Good Eagle (from 2009, Leroy Wolf Collar)Nov 2010 – Nov 2013 Fred Rabbit CarrierNov 2013 – Nov 2016 Vincent Yellow Old WomanNov 2016 - Nov 2019 Joseph M. Weasel ChildNov 2019 - Ouray Crowfoot

Smith's Landing

[Smith's Landing
First Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1998 Separated from Salt River, under the Treaty No. 8 (Smith's Landing). Chiefs 1998 - 2000 Jerry Paulette (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Fred Daniels (1st time) 2002 - 2007 Jerry Paulette (2nd time) 2007 - 2010 Fred Daniels (2nd time) 2010 - 2013 Cheyeanne Paulette (b. 1980) 2013 - 2016 Andrew Wandering Spirit 2016 - 2017 Lorraine MacDonald (f) 2017 - 2019 John Tourangeau2019 - 2022 Gerry Cheezie 2022 - Thaidene Paulette

Stoney (Stoney Nakoda)

1877 Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Stoney), three constituent bands administered separately.1894 – 1969 Stony (from 1945, Stoney) Indian Agency established.1968 Joint Band Council established.1974 (2 months) Frank Kaquitts becomes overall Stoney chief.2008 Casino opened.

Bearspaw Band Former Flag

Bearspaw Band Flag

Chiefs of Bearspaw Band 1877 - 1903 Jacob Bearspaw (b. c.1837 - d. 1903) (Stoney name: Ozija Thiha, Cree name: Maskwaahsid)1903 – 1912 Moses Bearspaw (b. c.1855 - d. 1912)1912 - 1916 George MacLean (b. 1877 - d. 1963)1917 - 1956 David Bearspaw (b. 1865 – d. 1956)1956 – af.1957 John Bearspaw (b. c.1885 – d. 19..)1961 - 1963 Frank Kaquitts (b. 1925 - d. 2002)1963 - 1966 Tom Two Young Men (1st time) 1966 - 1968 William "Bill" MacLean (b. 1920 - d. 2016) (1st time) 1968 - 1971 Tom Two Young Men (2nd time) 1971 - 1973 William "Bill" MacLean (s.a.) (2nd time) 1973 - 1975 ....1975 - 1978 William "Bill" MacLean (s.a.) (3rd time) 1978 - 1984 Bill Ear1984 - 1986 Una Wesley (f) (1st time)1986 - 1988 Dandy Amos(1st time)1988 – 1990 Una Wesley (f) (2nd time)1990 – 199. Dandy Amos (2nd time) bf.1991 - 1994 John Ear1994 - 1996 Harvey Baptiste1996 - 1998 Philomene Stephens (f)1998 – Dec 2008 Darcy Lee Dixon (1st time)Dec 2008 – Sep 2011 David Bearspaw, Jr.Sep 2011 - Darcy Lee Dixon (2nd time)

Chiniki Band Flag

Chiefs of Chiniki Band1877 - 1906 John Chiniki (b. c.1834 - d. 1906)1906 - 1911 Jonas Two Young Men1912 - 1922 Tom Chiniki1922 - 1933 Hector Crawler (b. c.1852 - d. 1933)1933 - 1960 Jacob Two Young Men1960 - 1962 Daniel Wildman1962 - af.1966 George Labelle (1st time)bf.1970 - af.1972 Frank Powderface (1st time)1973 - 1975 Frank Kaquitts (1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 2002)197. – 1976 Frank Powderface (2nd time)1976 - 1978 Alvin Two Young Men (1st time)1978 - 1984 Frank Powderface (3rd time)1984 - 1986 Frank Kaquitts (2nd time) (s.a.)1986 - 1988 Alvin Two Young Men (2nd time)1988 – af.1990 George Labelle (2nd time)bf.1991 - 1996 Ken Soldier1996 - 1998 Henry Holloway1998 – Dec 2000 Paul ChiniquayDec 2000 – Dec 2005 Aaron Young (1st time)Dec 2005 – Dec 2014 Bruce LabelleDec 2014 - Aaron Young (2nd time)

Wesley Band Flag to 2022

Goodstoney Band Flag From 2022

Chiefs of Goodstoney (1903-2022 Wesley) Band1877 - 1885 Jacob Goodstoney (b. 182. – d. 1885) (Stoney name: Toghapa, Cree name: Kichipwot) 1885 – 1903 Jonas Goodstoney (d. 1903) 1903 - 1935 Peter Wesley (d. 1935) 1935 - 1938 Amos Bigstoney 1938 – 19.. Moses Jimmy John bf.1940 - 1949 Enos Hunter (b. 1883 - d. 1949) 1949 - 1955 Tom Snow bf.1960 - af.1962 Isaac Two Young Men (b. 1900 – d. 1965) 1967 - 1968 Tom Kaquitts 1968 - 1992 John Snow (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2006) 1992 - 1996 Ernest Wesley (1st time) 1996 – Dec 2000 John Snow (2nd time) (s.a.) Dec 2000 – Dec 2006 Ernest Wesley (2nd time) Dec 2006 – Dec 2010 Clifford Poucette (1st time) Dec 2010 - Dec 2018 Ernest Wesley (3rd time) Dec 2018 - Clifford Poucette (2nd time)

Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation

[Sturgeon Lake Cree
Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Sturgeon Lake). 2000 Renamed Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1900 - 190. "The Captain" (headman) c.1982 Adolphus Kappo 198. – 1987 Francis V. Goodswimmer 1987 - 1992 Ronald Sunshine 1992 - 1993 Darlene Desjarlais (f) 1993 - 1995 Alfred Goodswimmer 1995 - 1998 Melvin J. Goodswimmer 1998 - 2001 Jerry Goodswimmer 2001 - 2004 Clyde Goodswimmer (1st time) 2004 - 2010 David R. Kappo 2010 - 2019 Richard D. Kappo 2019 - 2022 Clyde Goodswimmer (2nd time) 2022 - Sheldon Sunshine

Sucker Creek

[Sucker Creek Brand
(Alberta, Canada)]

1910 Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Sucker Creek). Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)1910 – 1914 Louis Willier (Mostos) (b. c.1850 – d. 1914) c.1982 Donald Calliou (1st time) 198. – 1987 James G. Badger (1st time) 1987 – 1989 Donald Calliou (2nd time) 1989 – 1997 James G. Badger (2nd time) 1997 – 1998 Alvin Cardinal (1st time) 1998 – 1999 Raymond Willier 1999 – 2003 Alvin Cardinal (2nd time) 2003 – 2006 Fred Badger 2006 – 2009 Jaret Cardinal 2009 - 2021 James G. Badger (3rd time) 2021 - Roderick Willier

Sunchild1944 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Sunchild). Chiefs 1944 – 19.. Louis Sunchild c.1982 Robert Whitecalf (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1988 Nelson Daychief bf.1989 - af.1990 Robert Whitecalf (2nd time) bf.1991 - 1997 Harry Goodrunning (1st time) 1997 – 1999 Melvin Goodrunning (1st time) 1999 – 2001 Harry Goodrunning (2nd time) 2001 – 2003 Melvin Goodrunning (2nd time) 2003 – 2009 Stanley Lagrelle (1st time) 2009 – 2011 James Frencheater 2011 – 2013 Stanley Lagrelle (2nd time) 2013 - Jonathan Frencheater

Swan River1910 Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Swan River). Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)1910 – 1927 Felix Giroux 1927 – 1928 Edward Twin 1928 – 1935 August Chalifoux (1st time) 1935 – af.1936 August Sowan 19.. – 19.. Gene Giroux 19.. – 19.. August Chalifoux (2nd time) 19.. – 19.. Victor Twin 19.. – 19.. Paul Sound c.1982 Henry C. Chalifoux (1st time) 198. - 1987 Gordon Courtoreille 1987 - af.1989 Dustin V. Twin (1st time) bf.1990 - 1996 Henry C. Chalifoux (2nd time) 1996 – 1999 Dustin V. Twin (2nd time) 1999 – 2002 Richard Davis 2002 – 2013 Leon Chalifoux (acting to 2003) 2013 - 2016 Ryan Davis 2016 - 2022 Gerald Giroux2022 - Lee Twinn

Tallcree
1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Vermilion). 1930 Renamed Tallcree. 1948 - 1970 Fort Vermilion Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1899 - af.1916 "Tall Cree" (originally headman) bf.1982 - af.1988 Francis Meenen bf.1989 - 1998 Bernard J. Meneen (1st time) 1998 - 2003 Frank Meneen 2003 - 2008 Bernard J. Meneen (2nd time) 2008 - Rupert L. Meneen

Tsuut'ina (Tsuu T'ina)

c.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika).1877 Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Sarcee).1884 - 1948 Sarcee Indian Agency established.1992 Renamed Tsuu T'ina Nation.2007 Casino opened. 2015 Spelling changed to Tsuut'ina.

Head chiefs18.. – 1865 Xakidji-tsitl'a "Little (d. 1865) Chief" 1865 - 1911 Iik'ootsii "Bull Head" (b. 1833 - d. 1911) 1912 – 1922 Jim Big Plume (d. 1922) 1922 - 1946 Joseph "Joe" Big Plume (b. 1883 - d. 1946) Chiefs 1946 - 1953 David Crowchild (b. 1899 - d. 1982) 1953 – 1962 James "Jim" Starlight (b. 1904 – d. 1966) (1st time) 1962 – 1964 Richard Big Plume (1st time) (b. 1902 – d. 2002) 1964 – 1966 James "Jim" Starlight (s.a.) (2nd time) 1966 – 1970 Richard Big Plume (2nd time) (s.a.) 1970 - 1976 Gordon Crowchild (b. 1929 - d. 2015) 1976 - 1984 Clifford Big Plume (1st time) 1984 - 1986 Roy Whitney (1st time) 1986 – 1987 Clifford Big Plume (2nd time) 1987 - 2001 Roy Whitney (2nd time) 2001 - 2012 Sandford Big Plume 2012 - 2016 Roy Whitney (3rd time) 2016 - 2019 Sydney "Lee" Crowchild 2019 - Roy Whitney (4th time)

Whitefish Lake

1901 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Whitefish Lake) in Atikameg, Alberta. Chiefs 1901 – 19.. Vacant c.1910 Nahakis c.1982 Gilbert Laboucan c.1987 Pat Yellowknee bf.1988 - af.1990 Eddie L. Tallman (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1992 Robert Gray (1st time) bf.1996 - 1999 Eddie L. Tallman (2nd time) 1999 – 2001 Robert Gray (2nd time) 2001 – 2010 Clifford Laboucan 2010 - 2014 Eddie L. Tallman (2nd time) 2014 - 2018 Robert Gray (3rd time) 2018 - 2023 Albert Thunder 2023 - Eddie L. Tallman (3rd time)

Woodland Cree

1990 Separated from Lubicon Lake, under the Treaty No. 8 (Woodland Cree). Chiefs1990 – 199. Melvin Laboucan (1st time)bf.1991- 1998 John W. Cardinal1998 – 2001 Joseph P. Whitehead. (1st time)2001 – 2002 Melvin Laboucan(2nd time)2002 – 2003 Tom Cardinal (acting)2003 – 2010 Joseph P. Whitehead (2nd time)2010 – 2013 William Whitehead2013 - Isaac Laboucan-Avirom

British ColumbiaNote: There are 203 First Nations in British Columbia. Although the treaties with the Crown by 10 bands on the Vancouver Island were entered during 1850-1854 and most of the reserves were set aside by 1900, a majority of the nations in British Columbia remain outside of the treaties with Canada until now. The modern self-government treaty making started in 1986, but by 2017 only 13 nations had signed these treaties. Currently recorded are: (1) 12 largest First Nations by registered native on-reserve population in 2010 (the ones whose population exceeded 800) and (2) eight First Nations in the north-eastern part of the province that are covered by the Treaty No. 8 of 1899.There were the following Indian agencies not recorded below under individual First Nations: West Coast (1881-1970), Kamloops (1881-1969), New Westminster (to 1910 Fraser River, 1881-1965), Williams Lake (1883-1971), Kootenay (1885-1969), Stikine (1905-1954), Queen Charlotte (1909-1966), Stuart Lake (1910-1968), Nicola (1929-1969), Burns Lake (1956-1968), Terrace (1959-1971).

Blueberry River


Former Flag


Current Flag

1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Beaver of Fort St. John) 1934 - 1968 Fort St. John Indian Agency established. 1962 Renamed Fort St. John. 1977 Renamed Blueberry River. Chiefs 1900 - 1912 Vacant1912 - 1918 Madaayea (Anglicized: Montney)(b. c.1846 - d. 1918) 1919 - 1952 Sagonaa (Anglicized: Succona) (b. 1879 – d. 1952) c.1972 Rene Dominic c.1982 Gerald Davis bf.1985 - af.1992 Joseph Apsassin (1st time) bf.1997 - 2001 Norman Yahey (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Malcolm Apsassin 2003 - 2005 Linda Chipesia (f) 2005 - 2009 Norman Yahey (2nd time) 2009 - 2013 Joseph Apsassin (2nd time) 2013 - 2022 Marvin Yahey2022 - Judy Desjarlais (f)

Cowichan1859 First of several reserves set aside. 1881 - 1970 Cowichan Indian Agency established. 1886 - 189. Cowichan Council elected by 7 Cowichan bands (Clemclemluts, Comiaken, Khenipsen, Kilpahlas, Koksilah, Quamichan, Somena). 1939 Amalgamation of 7 Cowichan bands. Chief councilor (leader of municipal style council) 1886 - af.1887 Lohah (chief of Comiaken) Head chief bf.1897 - af.1915 Charlie Suhiltun (chief of Quamichan) Chiefs1939 - 19.. .... c.1945 Fred Thorne 1972 - 1974 Dennis Alphonse (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2004) 1974 - 1976 Wesley Modeste 1976 - 1988 Dennis Alphonse (2nd time) (s.a.) 1988 - 1990 Ernest Elliott 1990 - 1992 Dennis Alphonse (3rd time) (s.a.) 1992 - 1998 Philomena Alphonse (f) 1998 - 2002 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (1st time) 2002 - 2007 Harvey R. Alphonse (1st time) 2007 - 2011 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (2nd time) 2011 - 2013 Harvey R. Alphonse (2nd time) 2013 - 2022 William C. Seymour2022 - 2024 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (3rd time) 2024 - Cindy Daniels (f)

Doig River


Former Flag


Current Flag

1977 Separated from Blueberry River, under the Treaty No. 8 (Doig River). Chiefs1977 – 1981 Gerry Attachie (1st time) (b. 1952) 1981 – 1985 Kelvin Davis (1st time) 1985 – 1997 Gerry Attachie (2nd time) (s.a.) 1997 – 1999 .... 1999 – 2001 Kelvin Davis (2nd time) 2001 – 2005 Gary Oker 2005 – 2009 Kelvin Davis (3rd time) 2009 - 2015 Norman Davis 2015 - Trevor Makadahay

Fort Nelson1911 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Slaveys of Fort Nelson). 1962 Renamed Fort Nelson. Chiefs1911 - 19.. Jimmie Badine bf.1982 - af.1988 George Behn bf.1989 - af.1990 Kathi Dickie (f) (1st time) bf.1991 - 1992 Sally Behn (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1993 Glen Badine 1993 - 1994 William Capot-Blanc 1994 - 1997 Harvey Behn 1997 - 1998 Sally Behn (f) (2nd time) 1998 - 1999 Adolphus Capot-Blanc 1999 - 2005 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (1st time) 2005 - 2006 Sally Behn (f) (3rd time) 2006 - 2008 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (2nd time) 2008 - 2012 Kathi Dickie (f) (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Sharleen Wildeman (f) (1st time) (from 2013,Sharleen Gale) 2014 - 2017 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (3rd time) 2017 - 2018 Harrison Dickie2018 - 2019 Curtis Dickie 2019 - Sharleen Gale (f) (2nd time)

Gitanmaax

Possible Flag

1891 First of reserves set aside (Hazelton, also named Gitanmaax in various spellings, such as Get-An-Max). 1982 Name Gitanmaax specified. First chief bf.1897 - af.1903 Gedimgaldo’o (Get-dum-gol-doc) Chiefsc.1982 Lawrence W. Howard bf.1986 - 1988 Neil B. Sterritt (b. 1941 - d. 2020) 1988 - 1990 Stephen Robinson 1990 - af.1992 Gary Patsey bf.1996 - af.1998 Lawrence K. Patsey bf.2002 - 2012 Marjorie McRae (f) (1st time) 2012 - 2014 Julie Morrison (f) 2014 - 2016 Marjorie McRae (f) (2nd time) 2016 - 2018 Veronica Green (f) 2018 - Tracey Woods (f)

Halfway River1914 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Hudson’s Hope). 1977 Renamed Halfway River. Chiefs 1914 – 19.. Metecheah c.1972 Harry Jackson c.1982 Grace Metecheah (f) c.1987 Bernie Metecheah (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1991 Gerry Hunter (1st time) bf.1992 - 2001 Bernie Metecheah (2nd time) 2001 - 2003 Joyce Morin (f) 2003 - 2005 Roslyn Pokiak (f) 2005 - 2009 Gerry Hunter (2nd time) 2009 - 2011 Ed Whitford 2011 - 2013 Russell Lily 2013 - Darlene Hunter (f)

Heiltsuk
1882 First of reserves set aside (Bella Bella). 1982 Renamed Heiltsuk (Haíɫzaqv). Head chiefs bf.1881 - af.1884 Charley Humchitt (Hmzit) bf.1893 - 1900 Boston Humpsit 1901 - 1904 Robert Bell (b. 1859 - d. 1904) c.1913 Bob AndersonChiefs 19.. - 1982 Edwin Newman (1st time) 1982 - 1990 Cecil M. Reid (b. 1930 - d. 2016) 1990 - 1992 Arlene Wilson (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Edwin Newman (2nd time) 1994 - af.1998 Arlene Wilson (f) (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Robert Germyn 2002 - 2006 Ross Wilson 2006 - 2008 William Gladstone 2008 - Marilyn Slett (f)

Lake Babine1889 - 1971 Babine Indian agency. 1892 First of reserves set aside (Fort Babine). 1957 Renamed Lake Babine (upon incorporation of Old Fort). 1996 Renamed Lake Babine Nation. Head chief c.1825 Ack-koo-shaw Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1906 "Big" George (Gwist’a’) c.1915 William 1959 - 1962 Nee Ughin Lee c.196. Margaret Patrick (f) (1st time) c.1968 Lawrence Tom 1969 - 1972 Margaret Patrick (f) (2nd time) 1972 - 1975 Ted Lowley (1st time) 1975 - 1979 Margaret Patrick (f) (3rd time) 1979 - 1988 Ted Lowley (2nd time) 1988 - 1994 Wilfred Adam (1st time) 1994 - 1997 Emma Palmantier (f) (1st time) 1997 - 2003 Betty Patrick (f) (1st time) 2003 - 2006 Emma Palmantier (f) (2nd time) 2006 - 2009 Betty Patrick (f) (2nd time) 2009 - 2018 Wilfred Adam (2nd time) 2018 - 2021 Gordon Alec2021 - Murphy Abraham

Lax Kw’alaams
1881 First of reserves set aside (Port Simpson, often named Fort Simpson until c.1910). 1883 - 1967 Northwest Coast (1909-1922 Nass, from 1922 Skeena River) Indian agency. 1983 Renamed Lax Kw’alaams. Head chiefs bf.1836 - 1842 "Old" Legaic (Ligeex) (d. 1842) 1842 - 1869 Legaic (b. c.1820 - d. 1869) (from 1863, Paul Legaic I) 1869 - 1891 Paul Legaic II (d. 1891) 1891 - 1902 Martha Legaic (f) (b. c.1874 - d. 1902) Chief councillors (leaders of municipal style council) 1894 - 190. .... c.1905 Alfred S. Dudoward (b. c.1850 - d. 1914) bf.1928 - af.1935 Ernest Dudoward (d. 1951) c.1947 Thomas Gosnell 19.. - 1952 .... Chiefs (from c.2013, with title of Mayor) c.1968 Reginald Sampson (1st time) c.1981 James Bryant (1st time) c.1982 Reginald Sampson (2nd time) c.1983 James Bryant (2nd time) 198. - 1987 Leonard Reece 1987 - 1989 Reginald Sampson (3rd time) 1989 - 1991 Lawrence Helin (b. 1931 - d. 2015) 1991 - af.1993 Helen Johnson (f) bf.1997 - 1999 Benjamin G. Hughes 1999 - 2015 Garry M. Reece (1st time) 2015 - 2019 John B. Helin 2019 - Garry M. Reece (2nd time)

Lil'wat Nation1881 First of several reserves set aside (Pemberton). 1958 Renamed Mount Currie. 2015 Renamed Lil'wat Nation. Chiefs bf.1881 - af.1915 James Stager (Statzie) c.1922 Alphonse J. Stager 1981 - 1989 Leonard J. Andrew (1st time) 1989 - af.1990 Fraser Andrew bf.1991 - 1995 Katherine Wallace (f) 1995 - 2003 Allen Stager 2003 - 2011 Leonard J. Andrew (2nd time) 2011 - 2015 Lucinda Phillips (f) 2015 - Dean Nelson

Lytton
1878 First of reserves set aside (Lytton, also named Tlkamcheen in various spellings until c.1910), designated already in 1860. 1910 - 1969 Lytton Indian agency. Chiefsc.1858 David Spintlum (Sexpinlhemx) (b. c.1811 - d. 1887) 1878 - af.1899 William Michel c.1963 Charles R. Brown c.1978 Tim Spinks bf.1980 - 1983 Nathan J. Spinks 1983 - 1991 Ruby R. Dunstan (f) 1991 - af.1995 Byron J. Spinks (1st time) bf.1997 - af.2003 Janet Webster (f) (1st time) bf.2007 - 2009 Byron J. Spinks (2nd time) 2009 - 2023 Janet Webster (f) (2nd time) 2023 - Niakia Hanna

McLeod Lake1892 Reserve set aside (McLeod Lake). 2000 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899. Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1899 Nansit c.1972 Michell Solonas bf.1977 - 1997 Harry Chingee 1997 - 2002 Alec Chingee (1st time) 2002 - 2005 Harley Chingee (1st time) 2005 - 2008 Alec Chingee (2nd time) 2008 - 2017 Derek Orr 2017 - Harley Chingee (2nd time)

Namgis1881 First of reserves set aside (Nimkeesh). 1881 - 1970 Kwawkewlth Indian agency. 1934 Spelling changed to Nimpkish. 1996 Renamed Namgis. Chiefs c.1792 Cheslakees bf.1897 - af.1909 Tla-gu-glas (Tlah-co-glass) c.1914 Alfred Lageuse c.1921 Dan Cranmer 1951 - 19.. James Sewid (b. 1933 - d. 1988) c.1980 Roy Cranmer 198. - 1982 William T. Cranmer (1st time) 1982 - 1994 Patrick Alfred (b. 1937 - d. 2007) 1994 - 2014 William T. Cranmer (2nd time) 2014 - 2017 Debra Hanuse (f) 2017 - 2023 Donald Svanvik 2023 - Victor Isaac

Nisga’a of New Aiyansh

Flag of Nisga'a Nation
Adopted 24 Apr 2001

1881 First of reserves set aside (Aiyansh). 1924 Renamed Gitlakdamix. 2000 Renamed Nisga’a Village of New Aiyansh (the former name remains in use locally), the Nisga’a Final Agreement of 1999 effective. 2010 Spelling of locally used name changed to Gitlaxt’aamiks (confirmed 2022). Head chiefs c.1856 "Old" Skoten (Sgat’iin) bf.1879 - af.1881 Skoten First chiefs bf.1885 - af.1899 Abraham Wright c.1913 Andrew Mercer Chiefs c.1978 James Gosnell c.1982 Roderick Robinson (b. 1931 - d. 2004) 198. - 1988 Joseph A. Gosnell (b. 1936 - d. 2020) 1988 - 1990 Percy Tait 1990 - 1996 Herbert Morven (1st time) 1996 - 1998 Reg Percival 1998 - 2000 Herbert Morven (2nd time) 2000 – 2004 Brian Tait 2004 - 2008 Eva Clayton (f) 2008 - 2012 George Williams 2012 – 2016 Gerald Robinson 2016 – 2020 Keith Tait 2020 - Calvin Morven

Nuxalk
1882 First of reserves set aside (Bella Coola). 1909 - 1971 Bella Coola Indian agency. 1992 Renamed Nuxalk Nation. Head chief bf.1897 - af.1899 Chi-che-law Chiefs c.1979 Archie Pootlass (1st time) bf.1980 - 1989 Edward Moody (1st time) (b. 1947 - d. 2010) 1989 - 1991 Archie Pootlass (2nd time) 1991 - 1995 Edward Moody (2nd time) (s.a.) 1995 - 2001 Archie Pootlass (3rd time) 2001 - 2005 Anfinn C. Siwallace 2005 - 2007 Archie Pootlass (4th time) 2007 - 2011 Spencer Siwallace 2011 - 2013 Andrew Andy 2013 - 2021 Wally Webber2021 - Samuel Schooner

Okanagan
c.1860 Okanagan people divided - the northern part in British Columbia and the southern part in the U.S. (see under Colville). 1877 First of reserves set aside (Head of the Lake), designated already in 1865. 1881 - 1969 Okanagan Indian agency (1884–1910 abolished). 1892 Renamed Nkamaplix (also named Vernon from c.1910). 1920 Renamed Okanagan. Head chiefs of Okanagan people bf.1829 - 1859 Nicola (Hwistesmetxe’qen) (b. c.1780 – d. 1859) c.1860 Chilliheetsa Chiefs 1865 - 1878 Moise Cinq-Coeur (d. 1878) 1879 - 1898 Basil William 1898 - 1907 Louis Jim 1907 - 1908 Pierre Michel (Hlakay)(1st time)(b. c.1835 - d. 1918) 1908 - 1909 Isaac Harris 1909 - 1912 Baptiste Logan 1912 - 1915 Pierre Michel (2nd time) (s.a.) 1915 - 1918 Gaston Louis 1918 - 1961 .... 1961 - 1965 Murray Alexis (1st time) 1965 - 1971 Ernest Brewer 1971 - 1975 Murray Alexis (2nd time) 1975 - 1979 Wilfred Bonneau 1979 - 1981 Murray Alexis (3rd time) 1981 - 1983 Reynold Bonneau (1st time) 1983 - 1991 Murray Alexis (4th time) 1991 - 1993 Albert Saddleman (1st time) 1993 - 1995 Reynold Bonneau (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Albert Saddleman (2nd time) 1997 - 1999 Reynold Bonneau (3rd time) 1999 - 2003 Don Wilson 2003 - 2005 Lyle Brewer 2005 - 2011 Fabian Alexis 2011 - Byron Louis

Prophet River1974 Separated from Fort Nelson, under the Treaty No. 8 (Prophet River). Chiefs 1974 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - 2009 Liza Wolf (f) 2009 - 2018 Lynette Tsakoza (f)2018 - 2021 Kirk L. Tsakoza 2021 - Valerie Askoty (f)

Saulteau1914 Adhesion to the Treaty No.8 of 1899 (Saulteau). Chiefs1914 - 19.. John Desjarlais (headman) 19.. - 1935 William Desjarlais (d. 1935) c.19.. Thomas Napoleon c.19.. Fred Courtoreille c.19.. Johnny Gauthier c.19.. Joe Desjarlais c.19.. Elmer Davis c.19.. Marvin Desjarlais bf.1982 - af.1988 Jack Davis 198. - 1989 Bud Napoleon 1989 - 1994 Stewart Cameron (1st time) 199. - 1997 Art Napoleon 1997 - 1999 Stewart Cameron (2nd time)
1999 - 2001 Robin Paquette 2001 - 2009 Allan Apsassin 2009 - 2014 Harley Davis 2014 - 2017 Nathan Parenteau 2017 - 2020 Kenneth Cameron 2020 - 2023 Justin F. Napoleon 2023 - Rudy Paquette

Squamish


Former Squamish Nation Flag


Current Squamish Nation Flag

1869 First of several reserves set aside. 1922 - 1969 Vancouver (from 1965, Fraser) Indian agency established. 1923 Amalgamation of 5 Squamish bands (Capilano, False Creek, Howe Sound, Mission, Seymour Creek). Chiefs of Mission (by 1900, the most populous Squamish reserve) c.1860 - af.1869 Joseph (Snatt) bf.1897 - af.1916 Harry Joseph bf.1922 - af.1950 Moses Joseph Chairmen 1923 - 1959 Council of Chiefs (originally 16 lineages of life chiefs) 1959 - 1969 Simon Baker (b. 1916 - d. 2001) 1969 - 1981 David Jacobs (b. 1937) 1981 - 1993 Leslie Harry Co-chairs 1993 - 2009 Byron Joseph (1st time) + Bill Williams 2009 - 2013 Krisandra Jacobs (f) + Byron Joseph (2nd time) 2013 - 2017 Ann Whonnock (f) + Byron Joseph (3rd time)2017 - 2021 Kristen Rivers (f) + Joshua JosephChairman 2021 - Dustin Rivers (Khelsilem)

West Moberly1977 Separated from Halfway River, under the Treaty No. 8 (West Moberly). Chiefs 1977 – 1990 John Dokkie 1990 – 1999 George Desjarlais 1999 - Roland Willson

Manitoba

Barren Lands1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Barren Lands). Chiefs 1906 - 1923 Petit Casimir (d. 1940) 1923 - 1935 Rene Samuel 1935 - 1948 Donald Isasage 1948 - 1958 Thomas Dettanikkeaze 1958 - 1960 Louis Dettanikkeaze 1960 - 1973 Patrice Hyslop 1973 - 1975 Eugene Bendoni 1976 - 1978 George Bighetty 1978 - 1983 Peter Bighetty 1983 - 1985 Philip K. Michel (1st time) 1985 - 1986 Donald McCallum (1st time) 1986 - 1989 Philip K. Michel (2nd time) 1989 - 1992 John W. Bighetty (1st time) 1992 - 1995 Alfred Bighetty 1995 - 1998 John W. Bighetty (2nd time) 1998 - 2000 Roy Bighetty (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Donald McCallum (2nd time) 2002 - 2006 Archie Halkett 2006 - 2008 John W. Bighetty (3rd time) 2008 - 2010 Russell Halkett 2010 - 2012 Roy Bighetty (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Delphine I. Bighetty (f) 2014 - 2016 Michael Sewap (1st time) 2016 - 2020 John Clarke 2020 - 2022 Trina Halkett (f) 2022 - Michael Sewap (2nd time)

Berens River 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Berens River). 1884 – 1904 Berens River Indian Agency established. Chiefs1875 - 1916 Jacob Berens (b. c.1835 – d. 1916) 1917 - 1947 William Berens (b. 1866 – d. 1947) c.1982 James Semple c.1987 Lester O. Everett (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Andrew Bittern c.1991 Lester O. Everett (2nd time) c.1992 Elsie Bouchie (f) bf.1993 - 1995 Arnold M. Ross 1995 - 1997 Lester O. Everett (3rd time) 1997 - 2001 Alfred Everett (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Nancy Whiteway (f) 2003 - af.2005 Alfred Everett (2nd time) bf.2006 - 2014 George Kemp 2014 - 2016 Jackie Everett (f) 2016 - 2019 Hartley Everett (1st time) 2019 - 2023 Norman McKay 2023 - Hartley Everett (2nd time)

Birdtail Sioux1864 Arrived from the U.S. 1875 Birdtail Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1878 - 1949 Birtle Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1864 - 1896 Enoch (d. 1896) (Mahpiya Hinape "Cloud Appears") 1896 - af.1899 Vacant bf.1974 - af.1982 Jack Kasto bf.1987 - af.1989 Nelson "Kelly" Bunn (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1992 Henry Skywater (1st time) bf.1993 - 1995 Nelson"Kelly" Bunn (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Henry Skywater (2nd time) 1997 - af.1999 Nelson"Kelly" Bunn (3rd time) bf.2001 - af.2003 Murray Clearsky bf.2005 - 2013 Kenneth B. Chalmers (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Nelson Bunn (3rd time) 2015 - 2021 Kenneth B. Chalmers (2nd time)2021 - Lindsay Bunn

Black River (Little Black River)1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Black River). c.1950 – 2012 Renamed Little Black River. Chiefs 1876 - 18.. James Bird 18.. - 1884 Isaac Passage (d. 1884) bf.1896 – af.1899 John Sayer c.1982 Victor R. Starr c.1987 Oliver Bird bf.1988 - af.1989 Henry Bird bf.1990 - af.1997 Franklin Abraham (1st time) bf.2001 - 2003 Sheldon Kent (1st time) 2003 – af.2005 Franklin Abraham (2nd time) bf.2007 - 2014 Sheldon Kent (2nd time) 2014 - 2015 Franklin Abraham (3rd time) 2015 - Sheldon Kent (3rd time)

Bloodvein1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Bloodvein). Chiefs 1876 – af.1899 Peter Stoney (Sakachewayas) c.1982 Harry Cook bf.1987 - af.1990 Frank Young (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1997 Helen Cook (f) bf.2000 - 2002 Derek A. Cook (1st time) 2002 - 2004 William Young 2004 - 2006 Roland J. Hamilton (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Craig Cook 2008 - 2010 Frank Young (2nd time) 2010 - 2020 Roland J. Hamilton (2nd time) 2020 - 2022 Derek A. Cook (2nd time) 2022 - Roland J. Hamilton (3rd time)

Brokenhead Ojibway Nation


Former Flag


Current Flag

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Fort Garry). 1875 Renamed Brokenhead. 1911 - 1969 Clandeboye Indian Agency established. 1990 Renamed Brokenhead Ojibway Nation. 2005 Casino opened. Chiefs 1871 - 1875 Nashakepenais (1st time) "Flying Dove Bird" 1875 - 1876 Petanaquuap 1876 - 1877 Nashakepenais (2nd time) 1877 - 1878 John Raven 1878 - 1893 Nashakepenais (3rd time) 1894 - af.1899 Squakappow bf.1982 - af.1988 James Bear (1st time) bf.1989 - 1992 Wendell Sinclair (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Deborah G. Chief (f) (1st time) 1994 - af.1998 Wendell Sinclair (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Harvey Olson 2002 - 2006 Tina Levesque (f) 2006 - 2012 Deborah G. Chief (f) (2nd time) 2012 - 2018 James Bear (2nd time) 2018 - 2022 Deborah Smith (f) 2022 - Gordon Bluesky

Buffalo Point

1873 Signed the Treaty No. 3 (Buffalo Bay). 1924 Renamed Buffalo Point.

Chiefs1873 - 1900                Ayashawath                    (d. 1900)
1900 - 1906                "Little Thunder"            (d. 1906)
1906 - 1941                Jim "Old" Thunder             (d. 1941)
1941 - 1969                Warren "Shorty" Thunder       (d. 1972)
1969 - 1997                James "Jim" Thunder
1997 -                    John Thunder    (b. 1960)

Bunibonibee Cree Nation

1909 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Oxford House). 2004 Renamed Bunibonibee Cree Nation. Chiefs 1909 - 19.. Jeremiah Chubb 1975 - 19.. Dorothy Grieves (f) c.1982 Dennis Grieves bf.1987 - af.1989 Tommy Weenusk bf.1991 - 1993 Gabriel Hart (1st time) 1993 – 1995 Bailey Colon (1st time) 1995 – 1997 Gabriel Hart (2nd time) 1997 – 1999 James Mason 1999 – 2005 Bailey Colon (2nd time) 2005 – 2007 Gabriel Hart (3rd time) 2007 – 2009 Bailey Colon (3rd time) 2009 – 2012 Irvin R. Sinclair (1st time) 2012 - 2013 Timothy J. Muskego (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Irvin R. Sinclair (2nd time) 2015 - 2019 Timothy J. Muskego (2nd time) 2019 - Richard Hart

Canupawakpa Dakota

1862 Arrived from the U.S. 1878 Oak Lake Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1908 - 1949 Griswold Indian Agency established. 1996 Renamed Canupawakpa Dakota. Chiefs1862 - c.1870 Hda Mani "Rattles Walking" (b. c.1831 – d. 1912)c.1870 - af.1877 Weeokeah (Waoke)c.1885 Vacantc.1890 Hawedabf.1897 - af.1899 Vacantc.1974 Frank Eastman c.1982 Wilfred Demas bf.1987 - af.1988 Kenneth Eastman bf.1989 - af.1990 Clarence Eastman c.1991 Mike Kay (1st time) c.1992 Phillip H. Eagle (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Alvina Chaske (f)1996 - 199. Mike Kay(2nd time)c.1997 Shirley Chaske (f)bf.2000 - 2002 Noella Eagle (f)2002 - 2004 Phillip H. Eagle(2nd time)2004 - 2008 Viola Eastman (f)(1st time)2008 - 2014 Franklin Brown2014 - 2016 Delbert Cruise2016 - 2022 Viola Eastman (f)(2nd time) 2022 - 2023 Lola Thunderchild (f) 2023 - Raymond Brown

Chemawawin Cree Nation

1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Chemawawin). 2007 Renamed Chemawawin Cree Nation. Chiefs 1875 - af.1899 James Lathlin (headman) bf.1982 - af.1988 Sam G. George bf.1989 - 1996 Alphaeus Brass 1996 - Clarence Easter

Cross Lake (Pimicikamak Cree)
1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Cross Lake), confirmed in 1908 (from 1996, identifiesitself as the Pimicikamak Cree Nation).Chiefs (title Okimahkan)1875 – 1881 Donald William Sinclair Ross (b. c.1805 – d. 1881) (Tepastenam) 1882 – 1885 David Ross1886 George Garrioch1887 – 1891 Sandy Garrioch1892 – 1895 Jacob Ross1896 – 1899 Thomas Ross1899 – 1922 Peter Ross1922 – 1924 Vacant1924 – 1928 Felix Scott1929 – 1935 John Ross1936 – 1939 Albert Sinclair (b. 1881 – d. 1949)1940 – 1941 Spence Ross1941 – 1943 Vacant1943 – 1953 Henry Beardy (1st time)1953 – 1955 Bello Ross (1st time)1955 – 1959 Henry Beardy (2nd time)1959 – 1961 Samuel McKay (1st time)1961 – 1963 Sandy Beardy (b. 1920 – d. 2001)1963 – 1965 Bello Ross (2nd time)1965 – 1967 Charles Sinclair1967 – 1969 Samuel McKay (2nd time)1969 – 1972 Walter F. Monias (1st time)1972 – 1973 Jonah McKay1973 – 1975 Walter F. Monias (2nd time)1975 – 1977 Catherine Frances Ross (f) (b. 1923)1977 – 1978 Walter F. Monias (3rd time)1978 – Sep 1981 George M. RossSep 1981 – 1985 Walter F. Monias (4th time)1985 – 1987 Etienne Robinson (b. 1945 - d. 2008)1987 – 1989 Walter F. Monias (5th time)1989 – 1998 Sydney B. Garrioch1998 – 1999 Roland Robinson1999 – 2008 John M. Miswagon (b. 1964)Aug 2008 – Dec 2008 Alex J. RobinsonDec 2008 – 2013 Garrison W. Settee (acting to Sep 2009)2013 - 2018 Catherine "Cathy" Merrick (f) 2018 - 2019 Thomas Monias 2019 - David A. Monias

Dakota Plains1862 Arrived from the U.S. 1934 Long Plain Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1972 Renamed Dakota Plains. Chiefs c.1934 - 19.. .... bf.1969 - 1994 Ernest Smoke (headman to 1972)(b. c.1938 - d. 1994) 1994 - 5 Oct 2021 Orville Charles Smoke (b. 1947 - d. 2021) 2021 - Donny Smoke

Dakota Tipi1972 Separated from Dakota Plains (no treaty). Chiefs 1972 - 1977 .... 1977 - 2002 Dennis Pashe (1st time) 2002 - 2012 Cornell M. Pashe 2012 - 2016 David L. Pashe 2016 - 2018 Keith Pashe2018 - 2022 Eric Pashe 2022 - Dennis Pashe (2nd time)

Dauphin River1982 Separated from Little Saskatchewan, under the Treaty No. 2 (Dauphin River). Chiefs 1982 - 198. Joe Anderson bf.1987 - af.1992 Emery Stagg (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Allan Summer 1996 - 2013 Emery Stagg (2nd time) 2013 - 2021 John Stagg2021 - Lawrence Letander

Ebb and Flow


Current Flag

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Ebb and Flow). 1877 - 1968 Manitowapah (from 1948, Dauphin) Indian Agency established. Chiefs1871 - 1874 Francois Richard (d. 1874) (Kanahgonash "Broken Finger") 1874 - 1882 Albert Richard (b. c.1851 – d. 1882) (Penaisse "Bird") 1883 - 1887 Baptiste Houle (b. c.1836 – d. 18..) 1887 - 1922 Joseph Houle (b. c.1841 – d. 19..) 1923 - 1930 .... 1930 - 1938 William Mancheese 1938 - 1940 Vacant 1940 - 1958 Abraham Houle 1958 - 1962 .... 1962 - 1964 Willie Mancheese 1964 - 1972 .... 1972 - 1976 James R. Mancheese c.1982 John St.Paul bf.1987 - 1996 Alfred Beaulieu 1996 - af.1998 Louis Malcolm bf.2000 - 2010 Ralph Beaulieu 2010 - 2016 Nelson Houle 2016 - Wayne Desjarlais

Fisher River1877 Separated from Norway House, under the Treaty No. 5 (Fisher River). Chiefs1877 – 1904 David Rundle (d. 1904) 1905 – 1917 John Cochrane 1917 – 1921 Joseph Everett 1921 – 1922 Moses McKay 1922 – 1925 Daniel Cochrane 1926 – 1931 James Murdock (1st time) 1931 – 1937 Jeremiah Rundle 1938 – 1940 James Murdock (2nd time) 1940 – 1945 Alex Hudson 1945 – 1953 James Murdock (3rd time) 1953 – 1959 Charles Sinclair (1st time) 1959 – 1963 Solomon Mallett (1st time) 1963 – 1964 George Sinclair 1965 – 1967 Isaac Cochrane 1967 – 1969 Solomon Mallett (2nd time) 1969 – 1973 Charles Sinclair (2nd time) 1973 – 1989 Wesley Hart 1989 – 1991 David G. Crate (1st time) 1991 – 1995 Lorne Cochrane 1995 – 2001 David G. Crate (2nd time) 2001 – 2003 Sam Murdock 2003 - David G. Crate (3rd time)

Fort Alexander1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Fort Alexander). 2009 Sagkeeng First Nation name informally adopted. Chiefs1871 - 1897 William Mann (d. 1897) (Kakekapenais "Bird Forever") 1898 - 1922 William Mann, Jr. (d. 1922) 1922 - 1926 Vacant 1926 - 1929 James Joseph 1929 - 1930 Joseph Kent 1930 - 1933 Joseph Courchene 1933 - 1938 Xavier Spence 1938 - 1946 John Thompson (1st time) 1946 - 1947 Paul Courchene (1st time) 1947 - 1952 John Thompson (2nd time) 1952 - 1954 William C. Bruyere 1954 - 1958 Paul Courchene (2nd time) 1958 - 1960 Edward Henderson 1960 - 1962 Paul Courchene (3rd time) 1962 - 1964 Gordon Bruyere 1964 - 1966 Albert Fontaine 1966 - 1968 David Courchene (b. 1926 – d. 1992) 1968 - 1969 Andrew J. Sinclair 1969 - 1972 George Guimond 1972 - 1976 L. Phillip Fontaine (b. 1944)1976 - 1978 Lawrence Morriseau 1978 - 1980 Ted J. Fontaine 1980 - 1982 Edwin H. Bruyere 1982 Perry Fontaine (acting) 1982 - 1989 Kenneth Courchene 1989 - 1998 Jerry Fontaine 1998 - 2001 Ronald Fontaine (acting to 1999) 2001 - 2004 Garry Swampy 2004 - 2005 Joseph Daniels (acting) 2005 - 2007 Linda J. Twoheart (f) 2007 - 2015 Donavan C. Fontaine 2015 - 2023 Derrick Henderson2023 - Elmer "E.J." Fontaine

Fox Lake1947 Separated from York Factory, under the Treaty No. 5 (Fox Lake). Chiefs 1947 - 19.. .... c.1975 Thomas Nepetaybo (1st time) bf.1982 - af.1991 Robert Wavey (1st time) c.1992 Thomas Nepetaybo (2nd time) 199. - 1993 Robert Wavey (2nd time) 1993 – 1995 Norman Kirkness (1st time) 1995 - 1996 Robert Wavey (3rd time) 1996 - af.1997 Norman Kirkness (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Ralph Beardy 2002 - 2005 Robert Wavey (4th time) 2005 - 2010 George Neepin 2010 - 2012 Shirley Neepin (f) 2012 - 2019 Walter Spence 2019 - 2020 Billy Beardy 2020 - Morris Beardy

Gambler


Former Flag


Adopted 2019?

1881 Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4 (Gambler). Chiefs1881 - 1907 John Tanner (headman) (d. 1916) (Atakawinin "The Gambler") 1907 - 1975 Vacant bf.1982 - af.1990 James J. Tanner (1st time) bf.1991 - 1992 Louis Tanner (1st time) 1992 – 199. Albert Tanner bf.1994 - 1996 James J. Tanner (2nd time) 1996 - af.1998 Louis Tanner (2nd time) c.2005 Kenny Ducharme bf.2007 - 2008 George Tanner 2008 - 2013 Gordon Ledoux 2013 - David A. Ledoux

Garden Hill
1909 Adherence to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Island Lake Band). 1958 – 1970 Island Lake Indian Agency established. 1969 Renamed Garden Hill. Chiefs 1909 - 1917 George Knott 1917 – 1920 Vacant 1920 – 1928 Allan Wood 1929 – 1930 James Loonfoot 1931 - 1953 Henry Fiddler (b. 1890 – d. 1976) 1953 – 1954 Sandy Flett 1955 – 1963 Alfred McDougall (1st time) 1963 – 1967 Zackius Harper 1967 – 1968 Alfred McDougall (2nd time) 1968 – 1969 Charlie Knott (1st time) 1969 – 1970 Isaiah Harper (1st time) 1970 – 1974 Charlie Knott (2nd time) 1974 – 1976 Isaiah Harper (2nd time) 1976 – 1980 Charlie Knott (3rd time) 1980 – 1982 George Munroe 1982 – 1984 Larry E. Monias 1984 – 1988 Percy Flett 1988 – 1989 Isaiah Harper (3rd time) 1989 – 1991 Jack Fiddler (1st time) 1991 – 1995 Geordie Little 1995 - 1996 Jack Fiddler (2nd time) 1996 – 1997 Harvey Fiddler 1997 – 1998 Larry Monias 1998 - 2000 David Harper (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Darcy Wood 2002 - 2004 Russell Harper 2004 - 2006 David Harper (2nd time) 2006 - 2008 Dino Flett (1st time) 2008 - Aug 2009 David Harper (3rd time) 2009 - 2013 Dino Flett (2nd time) 8 Feb 2013 - Mar 2014 Buddy Beardy 2014 - 2016 Arnold Flett 2016 - 2021 Dino Flett (3rd time) 2021 - Charles Knott

God's Lake 1909 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (God's Lake). Chiefs 1909 – 19.. Peter Watt c.1982 Douglas Hastings bf.1987 - af.1988 David Nazzie c.1989 Alex Okemow bf.1990 - af.1992 Peter Watt (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Thomas Clarke 1996 – 199. Peter Watt (2nd time) c.1997 Peter Andrews bf.2000 - 2004 Gilbert G. Andrews (1st time) 2004 – 2006 Eugene Captain 2006 – 2010 Gilbert G. Andrews (2nd time) 2010 – 2012 Peter Watt (3rd time) 2012 - 2020 Gilbert G. Andrews (3rd time) 2020 - Hubert Watt

Hollow Water1884 Separated from Bloodvein, under the Treaty No. 5 (Hollow Water). Chiefs bf.1896 - 1899 Henry Black (headman) 1899 - 19.. John Hardisty bf.1982 - af.1992 Roderick Bushie (1st time) (b. 1953 – d. 2013) bf.1994 - 1996 Larry Barker (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Roderick Bushie (2nd time) (s.a.) bf.2000 - af.2002 Larry Barker (2nd time) bf.2004 - 2008 Ian Bushie 2008 - 2014 Larry Barker (3rd time) 2014 - 2016 Derek L. Bushie 2016 - Larry Barker (4th time)

Keeseekoowenin

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Riding Mountain). 1875 Renamed Keeseekoowenin. Chiefs1871 - 1875 Mekis "Eagle" (d. 1875) 1875 - 1906 Moses Burns (Keeseekoowenin) (b. c.1818 – d. 1906) 1906 – 19.. George Bone c.1982 George Blackbird bf.1987 - af.1989 Norman B. Bone (1st time) c.1990 Randy Bone bf.1991 - 1997 Harry Bone 1997 - af.2003 Dwayne Blackbird (1st time) bf.2005 - 2013 Norman B. Bone (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 James Plewak 2015 - 2023 Norman B. Bone (3rd time) 2023 - Dwayne Blackbird (2nd time)

Kinonjeoshtegon

1884 Separated from Bloodvein, under the Treaty No. 5 (Jackhead). 1997/2001 Renamed Kinonjeoshtegon. Chiefs 1884 - af.1899 James Sinclair (headman) bf.1982 - af.1990 William Traverse (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1992 Bert Traverse (1st time) bf.1993 - 1995 William Traverse (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Bert Traverse (2nd time) 1997 - af.1999 William Traverse (3rd time) bf.2001 - 2021 David Traverse 2021 - 2023 Rod Traverse 2023 - Tony Traverse

Lake Manitoba

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Lake Manitoba). Chiefs 1871 - af.1875 Sonsonse "Little Long Ears" 1879 - af.1899 Maytwayahsung c.1982 Angus Swan bf.1987 - af.1992 Raymond Swan bf.1994 - af.2002 Florence McLean (f) bf.2004 - 2006 Robert Maytwayashing 2006 - 2008 Larry Swan 2008 - 2014 Barry Swan 2014 - Cornell McLean

Lake St. Martin

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Lake St. Martin). Chiefs 1871 - 1903 Masahkeeyash c.1982 Alexander Marsden bf.1987 - af.1992 David E. Traverse (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Norman Traverse (1st time) 1996 - 199. David E. Traverse (2nd time) c.1997 Norman Traverse (2nd time) bf.2000 - af.2002 Jeremiah Marsden bf.2004 - 2006 Peter G. Ross 2006 - 2010 Tony Marsden 2010 - 2022 Adrian E. Sinclair 2022 - Christopher Traverse

Little Grand Rapids

1930 Separated from Berens River, under the Treaty No. 5 (Little Grand Rapids). Chiefs 1930 - 19.. .... c.1982 John J. Leveque bf.1987 - af.1989 Emil Keeper bf.1990 - af.1992 Oliver Owens (1st time) bf.1993 - 1995 Roy Dunsford (1st time) 1995 - 1997 Oliver Owens (2nd time) 1997 - 2001 Roy Dunsford (2nd time) 2001 - af.2005 Raymond E. Keeper (1st time) bf.2007 - 2011 Martin Owens (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Roy Dunsford (3rd time) 2013 - 2015 Martin Owens (2nd time) 2015- 2017 Roy Dunsford (4th time) 2017 - 2021 Raymond E. Keeper (2nd time) 2021 - 2023 Oliver Owens (3rd time) 2023 - Clinton Keeper

Little Saskatchewan

1878 Separated from Pinaymootang, under the Treaty No. 2 (Little Saskatchewan). Chiefs 1878 - 18.. William A. Anderson 1891 - af.1899 Philip Anderson bf.1982 - af.1987 Clifford Shorting bf.1988 - af.1990 Dennis Shorting bf.1991 - 2011 Hector Shorting (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Gerald Anderson 2013 - Hector Shorting (2nd time)

Long Plain1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Portage). 1876 Renamed Long Plain. 1877 - 1968 Portage La Prairie Indian Agency established. Chiefs1871 - 1875 Osawaskokwanepi"Yellow Quill"(b. 18.. - d. 1910)1876 - 1916 Keeshkeemaquah "Short Bear" (b. 1859 - d. 1916) 1916 – 1924 Charles Assiniboine 1924 - 1936 Frank H. Merrick 1936 - 1943 Joseph Myran (b. 1868 – d. 1946) 1943 - 1948 Joseph Yellowquill 1948 - 1953 George Daniels (1st time) 1953 - 1955 Ben Meeches (1st time) 1955 George Daniels (2nd time) 1955 - 1959 Ben Meeches (2nd time) 1959 - 1961 Rufus Prince 1961 - 1963 George Daniels (3rd time) 1963 - 1965 George Myran 1965 - 1967 Louis Daniels 1967 - 1973 William Myran 1973 - 1974 Marlene Peters (f) (b. 1953 - d. 2011) 1974 - 1976 Raymond Meeches 1975 - 1976 Angus Merrick 1976 - 1978 Sam Myran 1978 - 1984 Ernest Daniels 1984 - 1986 Stan Myran 1986 - 1990 John Meeches 1990 - 1996 Peter Yellowquill 1996 – 1998 Marvin Daniels 1998 - 2009 Dennis Meeches (1st time) 2009 - 2013 David Meeches 2013 - 2022 Dennis Meeches (2nd time) 2022 - Kyra Wilson (f)

Manto Sipi Cree Nation (God's River)

1976 Separated from God's Lake, under the Treaty No. 5 (God's River). 2001 Renamed Manto Sipi Cree Nation. Chiefs 1976 - 19.. .... c.1981 Percy Okimow bf.1982 - af.1990 Moses Okimow (1st time) c.1991 Marcel Okemaw (1st time) bf.1992 - 1996 John R. Yellowback 1996 - 199. Marcel Okemaw (2nd time) c.1997 Marcel R. Yellowback (1st time) bf.2001 - 2003 Roger Ross (1st time) 2003 - 2005 Moses Okimow (2nd time) 2005 - 2008 Roger Ross (2nd time) 2008 - 2010 Oliver Okemow (1st time) 2010 - 2016 Michael R. Yellowback (2nd time) 2016 - 2020 Oliver Okemaw (2nd time) 2020 - 2022 John Ross 2022 - Michael R. Yellowback (3rd time)

Marcel Colomb
1995 Separated from Mathias Colomb, under the Treaty No. 6 (Marcel Colomb). Chiefs 1995 - 1998 John Colomb 1998 - 2004 Andrew H. Colomb (1st time) 2004 - 2007 Douglas Hart (1st time) 2007 - 2015 Andrew H. Colomb (2nd time) 2015 - 2016 Douglas Hart (2nd time) 2016 - 2019 Priscilla Colomb (f)2019 - 2024 Christopher Colomb 2024 - Douglas Hart (3rd time)

Mathias Colomb

1910 Separated from Peter Ballantyne, under the Treaty No. 6 (Mathias Colomb). Chiefs1910 - 1932 Mathias Colomb (d. 1932) 1932 Jerome Colomb 1932 - 1933 Jacob Ballantyne 1933 - 1959 Solomon Colomb 1959 - 1961 Isaac Linklater 1961 - 1964 Joe Bighetty 1964 - 1967 Cornelius Ballantyne 1967 - 1970 Luke Dumas 1970 - 1971 Dominique Hart 1971 - 1974 Gabriel Bighetty 1974 - 1978 Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty (b. 1951) (1st time) 1978 - 1979 Mathias Sinclair 1979 - 1982 Hyacinth Colomb 1982 - 1986 Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty (s.a.) (2nd time) 1986 - 1988 Frank Dumas 1988 - 1992 Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty (s.a.) (3rd time) 1992 - 1996 Ralph Caribou 1996 - 1998 Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty (s.a.) (4th time) 1998 - 2008 Shirley Castell (f) 2008 - 2018 Arlen Dumas 2018 - 2022 Lorna Bighetty (f) 2022 - Gordon Bear

Misipawistik Cree Nation (Grand Rapids)

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Grand Rapids). 2013 Renamed Misipawistik Cree Nation. Chiefs 1876 - 1897 Peter Beardy 1897 - af.1899 John Turner c.1982 Esau Turner (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1988 Patsy Turner (f) bf.1989 - af.1990 Esau Turner (2nd time) bf.1991 - af.1997 Harold Turner (1st time) bf.1999 - 2001 Douglas Ballantyne 2001 - af.2003 Harold Turner (2nd time) 2005 - 2011 Ovide Mercredi (b. 1946) 2011 - 2020 Harold Turner (3rd time) 2020 - Heidi Cook (f)

Mosakahiken Cree Nation1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1876 (Moose Lake). 1996/97 Renamed Mosakahiken Cree Nation. Chiefs 1876 - af.1899 Otinekimow c.1982 Russel G. Tobacco c.1987 Ralph Nasekabow bf.1988 - af.1991 Jim Tobacco (1st time) bf.1992 - 1996 Philip Buck (1st time) 1996 - 199. Jim Tobacco (2nd time) bf.1997 - af.2002 Philip Buck (2nd time) bf.2004 - 2006 Jerry R. Campbell 2006 - 2008 Philip Buck (3rd time) 2008 - 2010 Jim Tobacco (3rd time) 2010 - 2014 Philip Buck (4th time) 2014 - 2020 Jim Tobacco (4th time) 2020 - Vincent Bercier

Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation

1908 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Nelson House). 1948 - 1966 Nelson River Indian Agency established. 2002 Renamed Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation. Chiefs 1908 - 1916 Peter Moose 1916 - 1926 Joseph Hartie 1926 - 1932 Albert Moose 1932 - 1935 Matthew Wood 1935 - 1938 Richard Hartie (1st time) 1938 - 1944 Angus Bonner 1944 - 1946 Richard Muswagon 1946 - 1947 Gilbert McDonald (1st time) 1947 - 1948 Miles Hart 1948 - 1953 Richard Hartie (2nd time) 1953 - 1957 Kenneth Spence (1st time) 1957 - 1958 Thomas Linklater (1st time) 1958 - 1961 Kenneth Spence (2nd time) 1961 - 1963 Gilbert McDonald (2nd time) 1963 - 1965 Lawrence Spence 1965 - 1968 Thomas Linklater (2nd time) 1968 - 1970 Kenneth Spence (3rd time) 1970 - 1972 Nelson Linklater (1st time) 1972 - 1974 Patrick R. Spence (1st time) 1974 - 1976 Peter H. Spence 1976 - 1978 Nelson Linklater (2nd time) 1978 - 1990 Patrick R. Spence (2nd time) 1990 - 1994 Norman Linklater 1994 - 2006 Jerry S. Primrose (1st time) 2006 - 2010 Jim Moore 2010 - 2014 Jerry S. Primrose (2nd time) 2014 - 2022 Marcel Moody 2022 - Angela Levasseur (f)

Northlands Denesuline

1980 Separated from Barren Lands, under the Treaty No. 10 (Northlands). 2002 Renamed Northlands Denesuline. Chiefs bf.1981 - af.1991 Jerome Denechezhe (1st time) c.1992 Simon Samuel bf.1993 - af.1995 David Dantouze bf.1997 - 1999 Jerome Denechezhe (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 John Dantouze 2001 - 2005 Joe Hyslop 2005 - 2011 Joseph Dantouze 2011 - 2013 Joe Antsanen (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Leo Dettanikkeaze 2015 - 2017 Council 2017 - 2019 Joe Antsanen (2nd time) 2019 - Simon Denechezhe

Norway House Cree Nation

1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Norway House), confirmed in 1908. 1877 – 1972 Norway House Indian Agency established (1884-1904 closed). 2001 Renamed Norway House Cree Nation.

Chiefs1875 - 1877 David Rundle (d. 1904) 1877 - 1898 Thomas Balfour (d. 1898) 1899 - 1907 Albert Sinclair (d. 1907) c.1908 Sandy Sanders Nov 1971 - 1975 Jean Folster (f) (b. 1922 - d. 1994) 1975 - af.1976 Ken Albert bf.1980 - af.1983 Maggie Balfour (f) bf.1984 - af.1985 Walter Apetagon 1986 - 1996 Alan James Ross 1996 - Aug 2005 Ronald Evans (1st time) (b. 1958) Aug 2005 - 16 Mar 2006 Fred Muskego (acting) 16 Mar 2006 - 2008 Marcel Balfour Aug 2008 - 2010 Ronald Evans (2nd time) (s.a.) 30 Mar 2010 - 17 Mar 2011 Eric Apetagon 2011 - 2018 Ronald Evans (3rd time) (s.a.) 2018 - Larson Anderson

O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi

1879 Separated from Ebb and Flow, under the Treaty No. 2 (Crane River). 1996/97 Renamed O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi. Chiefs (to af.1914, Headmen) 1879 - 1898 Ahyahpeetahpeetung 1898 - af.1899 Ahyangekeesigowenin c.1982 Terry McDonald bf.1987 - af.1998 John H. McDonald bf.2000 - 2008 Wallace Moar 2008 - 2010 Delbert McKay 2010 - 2012 Hazel Moar (f) 2012 - 2016 Eugene Eastman (1st time) 2016 - 2018 Stephanie Blackbird (f) 2018 - 2021 Eugene Eastman (2nd time) 2021 - Kerwin Chaboyer

O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation

2005 Separated from Nisichawayasihk, under the Treaty No. 5 (O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation). Chiefs 2005 - 2011 Chris Baker (1st time) 2011 - 2014 Jack Dysart 2014 - 2018 Chris Baker (2nd time) 2018 - Shirley Ducharme (f)

Opaskwayak Cree Nation

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (The Pas). 1884 – 1966 The Pas Indian Agency established. 1995 Renamed Opaskwayak Cree Nation. 2002 Casino opened. Chiefs 1876 - 1885 John Constant (d. af.1890) 1885 - 1924 Antoine Constant 1924 - 1939 Patrick Constant 1939 - 1945 Louis McGillivary 1945 - 1965 Cornelius Bignell 1965 - 1967 John Young 1967 - 1975 Gordon W. Lathlin (b. 1933 – d. 1976) 1975 - 1985 Charles G. Constant (1st time) 1985 - 1989 Oscar Lathlin (b. 1947 – d. 2008) 1989 - 1991 Charles G. Constant (2nd time) 1991 - 1997 Francis Flett (1st time) (b. 1949 – d. 2006) 1997 - 1999 William G. Lathlin 1999 - 2005 Frank J. Whitehead 2005 - 2006 Francis Flett (2nd time) (s.a.) 2006 - 2009 Norman G. Ross 2009 - 2016 Michael L. Constant 2016 - 2021 Christian Sinclair 2021 - 2023 Sidney Ballantyne 2023 - Maureen Brown (f)

Pauingassi1991 Separated from Little Grand Rapids, under the Treaty No. 5 (Pauingassi). Chiefs bf.1992 - af.1995 Joe Owens c.1997 Allister Crow c.2001 Roderick Pascal bf.2002 - af.2004 Moses Owens bf.2005 - 2014 Harold Crow 2014 - 2020 Michael Owens 2020 - Roddy Owens

Peguis


Adopted 1990's

1817 Treaty of alliance with the British by the Red River Saulteaux (Ojibwa).1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (St. Peter's).1876 - 1968 Clandeboye (from 1911, Fisher River) Indian Agency established.1909 Renamed Peguis.

Head chiefs of Red River Saulteauxc.1810 - 1864 Peehquaais "Little Chip" (b. 1774 - d. 1864) (from 1838, William King) 1864 - 1871 Henry Prince (b. 1819 – d. 1899) (Miskokenew "Red Eagle")Chiefs1871 - 1882 Henry Prince (1st time) (s.a.)1882 - 1888 William Prince1888 - 1891 Henry Prince (2nd time) (s.a.)1891 - 1897 William Asham (b. 1853 – d. af.1932)1897 - 1899 Henry Prince (3rd time) (s.a.)1899 - 1903 William H. Prince (1st time) (b. 1848 – d. 19..)1903 - 1905 John H. Prince (b. 1858 – d. 1910)1905 - 1911 William H. Prince (2nd time) (s.a.)1911 - 1917 Albert Rose1917 - 1923 William Pahkoo1923 - 1926 Thomas John Stevenson1926 - 1929 Fred Thomas1929 - 1932 Alex Greyeyes1932 - 1935 Robert Sinclair1935 - 1941 Nathaniel Asham (1st time)1941 - 1944 Albert Edward Prince1944 - 1947 Alex Williams (d. 1947)1947 - 1953 Nathaniel Asham (2nd time)1953 - 1955 Alex Sinclair1955 - 1961 Campbell Sutherland1961 - 1973 Albert Edward Thompson (b. 1900 - d. 1973)1973 - 1981 Jack Sinclair1981 - 2007 Louis John Stevenson (b. 1950 - d. 2014)2007 - 2015 Glenn A. Hudson (1st time)2015 - 2017 Cindy Spence (f)2017 - 2023 Glenn A. Hudson (2nd time) 2023 - Stanley Bird

Pinaymootang

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Fairford). 1997/2001 Renamed Pinaymootang. Chiefs 1871 - af.1899 Richard Woodhouse bf.1982 - af.1989 Edward Anderson (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1991 Andrew Anderson (1st time) bf.1992 - 1995 Edward Anderson (2nd time) 1995 - af.1997 Andrew Anderson (2nd time) bf.2001 - 2015 Garnet Woodhouse (1st time) 2015 - 2017 Barry Anderson 2017 - 2021 Garnet Woodhouse (2nd time) 2021 - Kurvis Anderson

Pine Creek

1880 Separated from Keeseekoose, under the Treaty No. 4 (Duck Bay). 1887 Renamed Pine Creek. Chiefs (to 1914, Headmen)1880 - 1881 Jean-Baptiste Napakisit (Quenezane)(1st time) 1881 - 1886 Joseph Beauchamp 1887 - 1919 Jean-Baptiste Napakisit (2nd time) 1920 - 1944 Joe Gambler (d. 1944) 1944 - 1956 Theodore Flatfoot (acting to 1946) 1956 - 1960 Jerome Nepinak 1960 - 1968 Arsene Contois 1968 - 1970 Robert Contois 1970 - 1976 Daniel Nepinak (d. 1976) 1976 - 1982 Norbert Abigosis 1982 - 1984 Clifford McKay (1st time) 1984 - 1986 Hank Blackbird 1986 - 1994 Clifford McKay (2nd time) 1994 - 1996 Thomas J. Nepinak 1996 - 2004 Clifford McKay (3rd time) 2004 - 2008 Billyjo DeLaRonde 2008 - 2011 Derek Nepinak (1st time) 2011 - 2017 Charlie W. Boucher (acting to 2013) 2017 - 2021 Karen Batson (f) 2021 - Derek Nepinak (2nd time)

Poplar River

1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Poplar River). Chiefs 1875 - 1923 Jacob Nanowin (headman) (d. 1923) c.1926 Miles Michel c.1933 Cuthbert Nanowin c.1953 Alex Hudson (1st time) 1956 - 1958 Gordon Bittern (1st time) 1958 - 1960 Jacob Bruce 1960 - 1962 Alex Hudson (2nd time) 1962 - 1968 Gordon Bittern (2nd time) 1968 - 1971 Alex H. Hudson (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2010) 1971 - 1972 Philip Bruce 1972 - 1974 Gordon Bittern (3rd time) 1974 - 1975 George Boyd 1975 - 1976 Jacob Green 1976 - 1977 Norman W. Bruce 1977 - 1982 Albert Bittern 1982 - 1988 Alex H. Hudson (2nd time) (s.a.) 1988 - 1992 Vera Mitchell (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Alex H. Hudson (3rd time) (s.a.) 1994 - 1998 Russell Lambert (1st time) 1998 - 2002 Vera Mitchell (f) (2nd time) 2002 - 2010 Russell Lambert (2nd time) 2010 - 2011 Clifford W. Bruce 2011 - 2012 Guy Douglas 2012 - 2013 Russell Lambert (3rd time) 2013 - 2014 Vera Mitchell (f) (3rd time) 2014 - 2016 Russell Lambert (4th time) 2016 - Vera Mitchell (f) (4th time)

Red Sucker Lake


Former Flag


Current Flag

1969 Separated from Garden Hill, under the Treaty No. 5 (Red Sucker Lake). Chiefs 1969 - 1978 .... 1978 - 1982 Elijah Harper (b. 1949 – d. 2013) bf.1987 - af.1988 Leonard McDougall bf.1989 - af.1990 Joshua Harper c.1991 John H. Harper (1st time) bf.1992 - 1995 Fred Harper (1st time) 1995 - af.1997 John H. Harper (2nd time) bf.1999 - 2001 Wesley Harper 2001 - 2003 Goliath Harper 2003 - 2005 Fred Harper (2nd time) 2005 - 2007 Eli Harper 2007 - 2013 Larry Knott 2013 - 2014 Leslie Harper 2014 - 2017 Greg Harper 2017 - Samuel Knott

Rolling River

1882 Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4 (Rolling River). Chief 1882 - 189. Shawanequanape "South Quill" (headman) bf.1897 - af.1899 Vacant af.1982 - af.1998 Dennis Whitebird bf.2000 - af.2006 Morris Swan-Shannacappo (1st time) 2007 - 2012 Wilfred C. McKay (1st time) 2012 - 2016 Morris Swan-Shannacappo (2nd time) 2016 - 2020 Michael McKay 2020 - Wilfred C. McKay (2nd time)

Roseau River Anishinabe