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First Nations of Canada
 
First Nations: Assembly of First Nations - Aamjiwnaang - Abegweit - Abenakis de Wolinak - Abitibiwinni - Acho Dene Koe - Ahtahkakoop - Aklavik - Albany - Alderville - Alexander - Alexis Nakota Sioux - Algonquins of Barriere Lake - Algonquins of Pikwakanagan - Anicinape de Kitcisakik - Anishnabe du Lac Simon - Annapolis Valley - Athabasca Chipewyan - Atikamekw de Manawan - Atikamekw d'Opitciwan - Atikamekw de Wemotaci - Attawapiskat - Aundeck-Omni-KaningBarren Lands - Bear River - Beardy's and Okemasis - Beausoleil - Beaver - Beaver Lake Cree - Behdzi Ahda - Berens River - Big Island Lake Cree - Big River - Bigstone Cree - Bilijk (Kingsclear) - Birch Narrows - Birdtail Sioux - Black Lake - Black River - Blood - Bloodvein - Blueberry River - Brokenhead Ojibway - Buctouche MicMac - Buffalo Point - Buffalo River Dene - Bunibonibee Cree - Caldwell - Canoe Lake Cree - Canupawakpa Dakota - Carcross/Tagish - Carry The Kettle - Champagne and Aishihik - Chemawawin Cree - Chippewas of Georgina Island - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point - Chippewas of Nawash - Chippewas of Rama - Chippewas of the Thames - Chipewyan Prairie - Clearwater River Dene - Cold Lake - Constance Lake - Cote - Cowessess - Cowichan - Cree of Chisasibi - Cree of Mistissini  - Cree of Nemaska - Cree of Wemindji - Crees of the Waskaganish - Cross Lake - Cumberland House Cree - Cruve Lake - Dakota Plains - Dakota Tipi - Dauphin River - Day Star - Dechi Laot'i (Wekweeti) - Deer Lake - Deh Gah Got'ie Dene - Deline - Dene Tha' - Deninu K'ue - Dog Rib Rae (Behchoko) - Doig River - Driftpile Cree - Duncan's - Eabametoong - Eastmain - Ebb and Flow - Eel River Bar - Elsipogtog - English River - Enoch Cree - Ermineskin - Esgenoopetitj - Eskasoni - Fisher River - Fishing Lake - Flying Dust - Fond du Lac - Fort Alexander - Fort Folly - Fort Good Hope - Fort McKay - Fort McMurray - Fort Nelson - Fort William - Fox Lake - Frog Lake - Gambler - Gameti - Garden Hill - Garden River - George Gordon - Gitanmaax - Glooscap - God's Lake - Grassy Narrows - Gwichya Gwich'in - Halfway River - Hatchet Lake - Heart Lake - Heiltsuk - Hiawatha - Hollow Water - Horse Lake - Huronne-Wendat - Indian Island - Innu Matimekush-Lac John - Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam - Innue Essipit - Innus de Ekuanitshit - Innus de Nutashkuan - Innus de Pessamit - Inuvik - James Smith - Jean Marie River - Ka'a'gee Tu - Kahkewistahaw - Kapawe'no - Kasabonika Lake  - Kashechewan - K'atlodeeche - Kawacatoose - Kebaowek - Keeseekoose - Keeseekoowenin - Kehewin Cree - Kinistin Saulteaux - Kinonjeoshtegon - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug - Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg - Kluane - Kwanlin Dun - Lac La Ronge - Lake Babine - Lake Manitoba - Lake St. Martin - Lennox Island - Liard - Liidlii Kue - Lac Seul - Lax Kw’alaams - Lil'wat - Listuguj Mi'gmaq - Little Black Bear - Little Grand Rapids - Little Pine - Little Red River Cree - Little Saskatchewan - Little Salmon/Carmacks - Long Point - Loon River Cree - Louis Bull - Lubicon Lake - Lucky Man - Lutsel K'e Dene - Lytton - Madawaska Maliseet - Manto Sipi Cree - Marcel Colomb - Mathias Colomb - Makwa Sahgaiehcan - M'Chigeeng - McLeod Lake - Membertou - Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq - Miawpukek - Micmac de Gespeg - Micmacs of Gesgapegiag - Mikisew Cree - Millbrook - Minegoziibe Anishinabeine - Ministikwan Lake Cree - Mishkeegogamang - Misipawistik Cree - Mississaugas of the Credit - Mississaugas of Scugog Island - Mistawasis Nehiyawak - Mohawks of Akwesasne - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte - Mohawks of Kahnawake - Mohawks of Kanesatake - Montana - Montagnais de Pakua Shipi - Montagnais de Unamen Shipu - Montreal Lake - Moravian of the Thames - Mosakahiken Cree - Moose Cree - Moose Deer Point - Moosomin - Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man - Munsee-Delaware - Muscowpetung - Muskeg Lake Cree - Muskoday - Muskowekwan - Mushuau Innu - Nacho Nyak Dun - Nahanni Butte - Namgis - Natoaganeg (Eel Ground) - Naskapi of Kawawachikamach - Nekaneet - Nisga’a of New Aiyansh - Nipissing - Nisichawayasihk Cree - Northlands Denesuline - Norway House - Nuxalk - O'Chiese - O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi - O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree - Ocean Man - Ochapowace - Odanak - Okanese - OkanaganOne Arrow - Oneida of the Thames - Onion Lake Cree - Opaskwayak Cree - Oromocto - Ouje-Bougoumou Cree - Pabineau - Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw - Pasqua - Paul - Pauingassi - Peepeekisis Cree - Peerless Trout - Peguis - Pehdzeh Ki - Pekuakamiulnuatsh - Pelican Lake - Peter Ballantyne - Pheasant Rump Nakota - Piapot - Pictou Landing - Piikani - Pikangikum - Pinaymootang - Poundmaker - Popular River - Potlotek - Prophet River - Qalipu Mi'kmaq - Red Earth - Red Pheasant - Red Sucker Lake - Rolling River - Roseau River Anishinabe - Ross River - Saddle Lake - Sagamok Anishinawbek - Saint Mary's - Saint Theresa Point - Salt River - Sambaa K'e Dene - Samson Cree - Sandy Bay - Sandy Lake - Sapotaweyak Cree - Saugeen - Saulteau - Saulteaux - Sawridge - Sayisi Dene - Selkirk - Shamattawa - Sheguiandah - Sheshatshiu Innu - Sheshegwaning - Shoal Lake Cree - Siksika - Sioux Valley Dakota - Sipekne’katik - Six Nations of Grand River - Skownan - Smith's Landing - Squamish - Standing Buffalo - Star Blanket Cree - Stoney - Sturgeon Lake - Sturgeon Lake Cree - Sucker Creek - Swan Lake - Swan River - Sweetgrass - Tallcree - Ta'an Kwach'an - Tataskweyak Cree - Teetl'it Gwich'in - Teslin Tlingit - The Key - Thunderchild - Timiskaming - Tobique - Tooinawaziibeeng - Tr'ondek Hwech'in - Tsuut'ina - Tulita Dene - Vuntut Gwitchin - Wabaseemoong - Wagmatcook - Wahpeton Dakota - Wahta Mohawk - Walpole Island - War Lake - Wasagamack - Wasoqopa’q (Acadia) - Waswanipi - Waterhen Lake - Waywayseecappo - We'koqma'q L'nue'kati - West Moberly - West Point - Whapamgoostui - Wha Ti (Whati) - White Bear - Whitecap Dakota - Whitefish Lake - White Fish Lake - White River - Wikwemikong (Wiikwemikoong) - Witchekan Lake - Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk - Wolf Lake - Woodland Cree - Wood Mountain - Woodstock - Wuskwi Sipihk - Yellow Quill - Yellowknives Dene - York Factory - Zagime Anishinabek - Zhiibaahaasing -
 
by Province/Territory: Alberta - British Columbia - Manitoba - New Brunswick - Newfoundland and Labrador - Northwest Territories - Nova Scotia - Nunavut - Ontario - Prince Edward Island - Quebec - Saskatchewan - Yukon  -

Note
: As of 1 Jan 2021, there were 619 recognized First Nations' (Premières Nations) governments or bands in Canada. The term "First Nations" refers to one of three distinct groups recognized as "Aboriginal" in the Constitution Act of 1982. The other two distinct groups characterized as "Aboriginal" are the Métis and the Inuit. First Nations have a unique and special relationship with the Crown and the people of Canada as set out in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and manifested in the Numbered Treaties, the Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982, Canadian common law, and International law and as outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Even though the term "First Nation" is now generally used, and since 1982 increasingly included in the names of bands, the Indian Act of 1876 still uses the term "Indian Band." Indians were granted federal voting rights in 1885 (interrupted 1898-1960, except in Nova Scotia). First Nations are listed alphabetically under each modern province/territory.

Self-government of the Inuit of the Northwest Territories and Labrador was implemented through separation of Nunavut and creation of Nunatsiavut, while negotiations continue for self- government of the Inuit of Quebec (organized into a regional municipality under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975) and of the north-western part of the Northwest Territories (organized into a regional municipality under the Inuvialuit Final Agreement of 1984). Move towards territorial self-government of the Métis of the Prairies (from Alberta to the north-western part of Ontario) has begun in 2019.

  Due to the vast number of first nation entities on this page any assistance adding or updating information is greatly appreciated.



Assembly of First Nations 

[Assembly of First Nations
                (Canada)]

1961 - 1967                National Indian Council (NIC)
1968                       National Indian Brotherhood (NIB) established.

Apr 1982                   Assembly of First Nations (AFN)(Assemblée des Premières Nations)
                             created as the national
aboriginal organization on First Nations
                             issues in Canada. 

National Chiefs of the National Indian Brotherhood
1968 - 1970                Walter Dieter                 (b. 1916 - d. 1988) 
                             (Peepeekisis Cree, Saskatchewan)
1970 - 1976                George Manuel                 (b. 1921 - d. 1989) 
                             (Neskonlith Band of Shuswap Nation, British Colombia)
1976 - 1980                Noel Starblanket              (b. 1946 - d. 2019)
                             (Star Blanket Cree, Saskatchewan)
1980 - 1982                Delbert Riley                 (b. 1941)
                             (Chippewas of Thames, Ontario)
National Chiefs of the Assembly of First Nations
1982 - 30 Jul 1985         David Ahenakew                (b. 1933 - d. 2010)
                             (Ahtahkakoop Cree, Saskatchewan)
30 Jul 1985 - 1991         George Erasmus                (b. 1948)
                             (Dog Rib Rae, NWT)
1991 - 1997                Ovide William Mercredi        (b. 1946)
                             (Grand Rapids Cree, Manitoba)
30 Jul 1997 - Jul 2000     Phil Fontaine (1st time)      (b. 1944)
                             (Fort Alexander [Sagkeeng] Nation, Manitoba)
Jul 2000 - 16 Jul 2003     Matthew Coon Come             (b. 1956)
                             (Mistissini Cree, Quebec)
16 Jul 2003 - 23 Jul 2009  Phil Fontaine (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (Fort Alexander [Sagkeeng] Nation, Manitoba)
23 Jul 2009 -  2 May 2014  Shawn A-in-chut Atleo         (b. 1967)
                             (Ahousaht Nation, British Columbia)
 7 May 2014 - 10 Dec 2014  Ghislain Picard (interim)     (b. 1955)
                             (Innus [Montagnais] de Pessamit, Quebec)
10 Dec 2014 - 
8 Jul 2021  Perry Bellegarde              (b. 1962)
                             (Little Black Bear Cree, Saskatchewan)
 8 Jul 2021 - 28 Jun 2023  RoseAnne Archibald (f)        (b. 1967?)
                             (Taykwa Tagamou Nation, Ontario)
                             (suspended 17 Jun - 5 Jul 2022)
28 Jun 2023 - 10 Jul 2023  Vacant
10 Jul 2023 -  7 Dec 2023  Joanna Bernard (f)(interim)
                             (Madawaska Maliseet, New Brunswick)
 7 Dec 2023 -              Cindy Woodhouse (f)           (b. c.1983)
                             (Pinaymootang First Nation, Manitoba)



Alberta


Alexander

[Alexander First
                Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1879                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Alexander).

Chiefs
1879 - af.1905             Alexander (Kipohtakaw)
af.1905 - bf.1982          ....
bf.1982 - af.1987          J. Stanley Arcand (1st time)
bf.1988 - af.1990          Allan Paul (1st time)
bf.1991 - 1999             J. Stanley Arcand (2nd time)
1999 – 2005                Victoria Arcand (f)
2005 – 2008                Raymond Arcand
2008 – 2011                Allan Paul
2011 - 2014                Herbert R. Arcand
2014 - 2020                Kurt Burnstick

2020 -                     George Arcand


Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation

[Alexis Nakota Sioux
                  Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1877                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Alexis).
1891 – 1914                Renamed Joseph.
2005                       Renamed Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation.
2008                       Casino opened.

Chiefs
1877 – 1890                Alexis
                             (Stoney name: Aranaji "Stands on the Hill";
                             Cree name: Keeskeecheechi)
1891 – 1910                Joseph (Soosay)
1910 – 1914                Vacant
1914 – 1927                Francois Alexis
1927 – 1930                Vacant
1930 – 1950                Joseph Alexis
1951 – 1959                Joe Alexis
1960 – 1964                Alexander Alexis
1964 – 1965                Anthony Potts
1965 – 1966                Moses Kootenay (1st time)
1966 – 1968                Willie Lefthand
1968 – 1970                Moses Kootenay (2nd time)
1970 – 1971                Johnny Alexis
1971 – 1976                Howard D. Mustus (1st time)
1976 – 1980                Thomas Potts
1980 – 1996                Howard D. Mustus (2nd time)
1996 – 1998                Roderick Alexis (1st time)
1998 – 2002                Francis Alexis
2002 – 2006                Roderick Alexis (2nd time)
2006 – 2013                Cameron Alexis
2013 -                     Clayton T. Alexis



Athabasca Chipewyan

[Athabasca
                            Chipewyan First Nation (Alberta, Canada)]Current Flag

[Athabasca
                            Chipewyan variant flag (Alberta, Canada)] Variant Flag

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Chipewyan).
1932 – 1967                Athabaska Indian Agency established.
1992/96                    Renamed Athabasca Chipewyan.

Chiefs

1899 – 1921                Alexandre Laviolette          (b. 1867 - d. 1921)
1921 – 1952                Jonas Laviolette              (b. 1879 - d. 1952)
1952 – 1956                Benjamin Marcel
1956 – 1983                A. Fredolin Marcel
1983 – 1987                Archie Cyprien (1st time)
1987 – 1991                Patrice Marcel
1991 – 1995                Joseph T. Mercredi
1995 – 2007                Archie Cyprien (2nd time)
2007 -                     Allan B. Adam



Beaver

[Beaver First Nation
                  (Alberta, Canada)]

1900                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Beaver of Fort Vermilion).
c.1928                     Renamed Boyer River.
1992                       Renamed Beaver.

Chiefs
1900 - af.1910             Ambrose Tete-Noire
af.1910 - bf.1982          ....
bf.1982 - 1999             Harvey R. Bulldog
1999 - 2005                Barbara Wendt (f)
2005 - 2008                Henry Kidney (1st time)
2008 - 2011                Lorne Bulldog
2011 - 2013                Henry Kidney (2nd time)
2013 - 2020                Trevor L. Mercredi
2020 -                     Gary Kipling


Beaver Lake Cree Nation

[Beaver
                          Lake Cree Nation (Alberta, Canada)] Current Flag

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Lac La Biche).
1879                       Beaver Lake separated from Lac La Biche.
1911                       Lac La Biche dissolved, partly merged into Beaver Lake.
2002                       Renamed Beaver Lake Cree Nation.

Chiefs of Lac La Biche

1876 – 1885                Francois Desjarlais (Peayasis)(b. 1824 - d. 1899)
1885 – 1911                Vacant
Chiefs of Beaver Lake
bf.1883 – 1885             Kaquanum (headman)
1885 – af.1914             Vacant
1965 – 1969                Lillian Pruden (f)
1969 – 1970                Lawrence Mountain
1970 – af.1992             Alphonse Lameman (1st time)
bf.1996 - 1997             Emile Cardinal
1997 – 199.                Alphonse Lameman (2nd time)
c.1999                     Rosaire R. Bugle
bf.2001 - 2011             Alphonse Lameman (3rd time)
2011 - 2015                Henry Gladue
2015 - 2023                Germaine A. Anderson (f)
2023 -                    
Gary Lameman


Bigstone Cree Nation


[Bigstone Cree Nation
                (Alberta, Canada)]

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Wabasca).
1982                       Renamed Bigstone Cree Nation.

Chiefs

1899 - 1946                Joseph Bigstone (Kapusekonew) (d. 1946)
1947 - 1962                Maxime Beauregard             (d. 1962)
1962                       Tommy Auger
1962 - 1964                Samson Beaver
1964 - 1976                Sammy Young
1976 - 1978                Alphonse Auger
1978 - 1980                Leonard Young
1980 - 1984                William Beaver
1984 - 1988                Mike Beaver
1988 - 1990                Charles G. Beaver             (b. 1955)
1990 - 1992                Eric G. Alook
1992 - 1996                Gordon T. Auger (1st time)
1996 - 2000                Russell M. Beaver
2000 - 2004                Gordon T. Auger (2nd time)
2004 - 2008                Francis G. Gladue
2008 - 2012                Gordon T. Auger (3rd time)
2012 - 2014                Romeo R. Cardinal
2014 - 2018                Gordon T. Auger (4th time)
2018 - 2022                Silas Yellowknee
2022 -                     Andy Alook


Blood
 

[Blood
                            Tribe possible former flag (Alberta,
                            Canada)]  Possible Former Flag

[Blood tribe
                        (Alberta, Canada) flag] Current Flag

c.1750                     Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika).
1877                       Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Blood), to 1915 divided into two+        
                             divisions
.
1880 – 1969                Blood (to 1884, Fort McLeod) Indian Agency established.

Head chiefs of the Southern Blood
1847/49 – 1869             Piiyinakoyiima "Seen From     (b. c.1809 – d. 1869)

                             Afar"
1869 - 1870                Kyaiyosiksina "Black Bear"    (d. 1870)
1870 - 1900                Mekiaisto "Red Crow"          (b. 1830 - d. 1900)
1900 - 1913                Makoyopistooki "Crop Eared    (b. 1846 - d. 1913)
                             Wolf"
1913 - 1915                "Shot Both Sides"             (b. 1873 - d. 1956)
Head chiefs of the Northern Blood
c.1842 - 1865/68           Stamikosaki "Bull Back Fat"   (d. 1865/68)
1865/68 - 1877             Manistoko "Father of Many     (d. 1884)
                             Children"
1877 - 1878                Sotaiina "Rainy Chief"        (b. c.1809 – d. 1878)
1878 - 1882                Aatsistamahka "Running Rabbit"(d. af.1900)
1883                       "Calf Tail"                   (d. 1883)
1883 - 1889                Onistaipoka "White Calf"      (d. 1897)
                             (not recognized by Canada)
1889 - 1907                "Day Chief" ("Thunder Chief") (b. c.1844 - d. 1907)
1907 - 1915                "Weasel Horse"                (b. c.1843 – d. 1915)
                             ("Blackfoot Old Woman")
Head chiefs
1915 - 1956                "Shot Both Sides"             (s.a.)
1956 - 1964                Jim Shot Both Sides           (d. 1980)
Chiefs
1964 - 1966                Rufus Goodstriker
1966 - 1980                Jim Shot Both Sides           (s.a.)   
1980 - 29 Nov 1992         Roy Fox (1st time) 
29 Nov 1992 - Mar 1993     Harley Frank (1st time)
Mar 1993 - 22 Mar 1993     Randy Bottle (interim)
22 Mar 1993 - 30 Jun 1993  Harley Frank (2nd time)
30 Jun 1993 - 1996         Roy Fox (2nd time)
1996 - 2004                Christopher Shade
2004 - 2016                Charles Weasel Head
2016 - 2024                Roy Fox (3rd time)

2024 -                     Traveller Plaited Hair


Chipewyan Prairie

[Chipewyan Prairie First
                Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1923                       Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Janvier).
1992/96                    Renamed Chipewyan Prairie.

Chiefs
1923 - 19..                ....
bf.1982 - 1985             Archie Janvier
1985 - af.1991             Walter B. Janvier (1st time)
c.1992                     Fred Black
bf.1996 - 2007             Walter B. Janvier (2nd time)
2007 -                     Vern J. Janvier


Cold Lake

[Cold Lake
                First Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Cold Lake).
2007                       Casino opened.

Chiefs

1876 – 1882                Matthias Janvier              (d. 1882)
                            (Chipewyan name: Uldahi; Cree name: Kenoseyo)
1882 – 1913                Vacant
1913 – 1917                Alexis Janvier
1917 – 1919                Vacant
1919 – 1930                Alphonse Thomas
1930 – 1947                Harry Janvier (1st time)
1948 – 1949                Charles Minoose
1949 – 1953                Charles Blackman (1st time)
1954 – 1956                Abraham Skani
1956 – 1958                Harry Janvier (2nd time)
1958 – 1959                Charles Blackman (2nd time)
1959 – 1960                Simon Martin
1960 – 1962                Pierre Metchewais
1962 – 1964                Louis B. Janvier
1964 – 1966                Elaire Janvier
1966 – 1967                Ovide Jacko
1967 – 1968                Dominic Skani
1968 – 1970                Alfred Nadabelle
1970 – 1975                Ralph Blackman (1st time)
1975 – 1976                Norman Scanie
1976 – 1978                Leo Janvier
1978 – 1979                Maynard Metchewais (1st time)
1979 – 1980                Marcel Piche (1st time)
1980 – 1982                Ralph Blackman (2nd time)
1982 – 1984                Marcel Piche (2nd time)
1984 – 1985                Maynard Metchewais (2nd time)
1985 – 1986                Alex Charland (acting)
1986 – 1988                Francis Scanie (1st time)
1988 – 1990                Harvey Scanie
1990 – 1992                Baptiste Blackman
1992 – 1994                Mary A. Francois (f)
1994 – 1999                Francis Scanie (2nd time)
1999 – 2005                Joyce Metchewais (f)
2005 – 2008                Dwayne Nest
2008 – 2010                Walter S. Janvier
2010 – 2013                Cecil Janvier
2013 - 2019                Bernice Martial
(f)
2019 - 2022                Roger Marten
2022 -                     Kelsey Jacko


Dene Tha'

[Dene Tha' First Nation
                  (Alberta, Canada)]

1900                       Signed the Treaty No.8 of 1899 (Slaveys of the Upper Hay River).
1982                       Renamed Dene Tha'.

Chiefs
1900 – 19..                Alexis Tatatechay
c.1910                     Francois Tchatee (Chateh)
19.. – 19..                Zama (Zamba)
19.. – 1938                Talley
1938 – 1993                Harry G. Chonkolay            (b. 1909 – d. 1998)
1993 – 2001                James Ahnassay (1st time)
2001 – 2005                Stephen Didzena
2005 – 2013                James Ahnassay (2nd time)       
2013 - 2017                Joe Pastion
2017 - 2022                James Ahnassay (3rd time)
2022 -                     Wilfred Hooka-Nooza  


Driftpile Cree Nation

[Driftpile
                            First Nation former flag (Alberta, Canada)]  Former Flag

[Driftpile Cree
                          Nation (Alberta, Canada)] Current Flag

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Lesser Slave Lake).
1908 – 1974                Lesser Slave Lake Indian Agency established.
1910                       Renamed Driftpile.
2017                       Renamed Driftpile Cree Nation.

Chiefs

1899 - 1918                Andrew Willier (Kinosew)      (d. 1918)
1918 - 1936                Felix Willier                 (d. 1936)
c.1955                     A. Giroux
bf.1982 - af.1987          James Giroux (1st time)
c.1988                     Eugene Laboucan (1st time)
bf.1989 - af.1990          Clifford J. Freeman (1st time)
bf.1991 - 1996             Eugene Laboucan (2nd time)
1996 - 1998                Clifford J. Freeman (2nd time)
1998 - 2000                James Giroux (2nd time)
2000 - 2002                Thomas Bellerose
2002 - 2014                Rose C. Laboucan (f)
2014 - 2016                Dean M. Giroux
2016 -                     Dwayne Laboucan



Duncan's

[Duncan's First Nation
                  (Alberta, Canada)]

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Peace River Landing).
c.1910                     Renamed Duncan's.

Chiefs

1899 - 1918                Duncan Testawits (headman)    (b. c.1848 - d. 1918)
c.1928                     Joseph Testawits (headman)
c.1982                     Francis E. Lawrence
c.1987                     Irwin Knott (1st time)
bf.1988 - af.1989          R.S. Testawitch
bf.1990 - af.1992          Donald J. Testawitch (1st time)
bf.1994 - 1995             Irwin Knott
1995 - 1999                Donald J. Testawich (1st time)
1999 - 2001                Patti Nooskey (f)
2001 - 2016                Donald J. Testawich (2nd time)
2016 -                     Virginia M. Gladue (f)


Enoch Cree Nation

[Enoch Cree
                          Nation possible former flag (Alberta,
                          Canada)]
Possible Former Flag

[Enoch Cree
                          Nation flag (Alberta, Canada)]
Current Flag

1877                       Signed the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (Papaschase).
1877 – 1967                Edmonton Indian Agency established.
1882                       Lapotac (in 1884 renamed Enoch) separated from Papaschase.
1888                       Papaschase dissolved, partly merged into Enoch.
1993/96                    Renamed Enoch Cree Nation.
2006                       Casino opened.

Chiefs of Papaschase

1877 – 1886                John Gladu-Quinn (Papaschase) (b. 1838 – d. 1921)
1886 – 1888                Band Council (3 headmen)
Chiefs of Enoch (to 1884, Lapotac)
1882 – 1883                Tommy Lapotac                 (b. 1842 - d. 1883)
1884 – 1891                Enoch Lapotac                 (b. 1859 - d. 1891)
1891 – 1896                Band Council (4 headmen)
1896 – 1905                Mistatim "Mr. Jim"
                             (headman to 1899)
1905 – 1908                Vacant
1908 – 1913                Joseph Louis Ward             (b. 1879 – d. 19..)
1913 – 1916                Alexis C. Morin (1st time)    (b. 1870 – d. 19..)
1916 – 1920                Vacant
1920 – 1937                Alexis C. Morin (2nd time)    (s.a.)       
1937 – 1954                James Peacock                 (b. 1882 – d. 1958)
1954 – 1961                William Morin (1st time)      (b. 1896 – d. 1970)
1961 – 1963                Alex Peacock (1st time)       (b. 1924 – d. 2007)
1963 – 1965                William Morin (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1965 – 1969                Alex Peacock (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1969 – 1977                Raymond F. Cardinal (1st time)(b. 1935 – d. 2009)
1977 – 1979                James Brule                   (b. 1947)
1979 – 1981                Raymond F. Cardinal (2nd time)(s.a.)
1981 – 1985                Jerome A. Morin (1st time)    (b. 1948)
1985 – 1987                Raymond F. Cardinal (3rd time)(s.a.)
1987 – 1989                Howard Peacock (1st time)     (b. 1947)
1989 – 1990                Jerome A. Morin (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1990 – 1991                Robert Sharphead (acting)     (b. 1947 – d. 2003)
1991 – 1995                Howard Peacock (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1995 – 1999                Ronald V. Morin (1st time)    (b. 1964)
1999                       Clark Peacock                 (b. 1954)
1999 – 2000                Ronald V. Morin (2nd time)    (s.a.)
2000 – 2003                Lorne Morin                   (b. 1958)
2003 – 2009                Ronald V. Morin (3rd time)    (s.a.)
2009 – 2011                Harry Sharphead               (b. 1969)
2011 - 2015                Ronald V. Morin (4th time)    (s.a.)
2015 - 2022                William A. Morin              (b. 1987)

2022 -                     Cody Thomas


Ermineskin

[Ermineskin First Nation
                  (Alberta, Canada)]

1879                       Separated from Bobtail (see Samson), under the Treaty
                             No. 6 (Ermineskin).

Chiefs

1879 – 1929                Jean-Baptiste Piche           (b. 1831 – d. 1929)
                             (Sikosew-inew "Ermine Skin")
1929 - c.1971              ....
c.1971                     Morris Wolfe
c.1982                     Lawrence N. Wildcat
bf.1987 - af.1988          Arthur M. Littlechild
bf.1989 - 1990             Eddie Littlechild
1990 – 1996                John Ermineskin
1996 – 2002                Gerald R. Ermineskin (1st time)
2002 – 2005                George L. Minde (1st time)
2005 – 2006                Gerald R. Ermineskin (2nd time)
                             (acting)
2006 – 2008                George L. Minde (2nd time)
2008 – 2011                Gerald R. Ermineskin (3rd time)
2011 - 2014                Craig Makinaw (1st time)
2014 - 2017                Randy Ermineski
n (1st time)
2017 - 2020                Craig Makinaw (2nd time)
2020 - 2023                Randy Ermineskin (2nd time)
2023 -                     Joel Mykat


Fort McKay

[Fort
                              McKay First Nation former flag (Alberta,
                              Canada)]
Former Flag

[Fort McKay
                          First Nation (Alberta, Canada)]
Current Flag

1942                       Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Fort McKay).

Chiefs
1942 - c. 1982             ....
c.1982                     Dorothy M. McDonald (f) (1st time)
bf.1987 - af.1990          Jim L. Boucher (1st time)
c.1991                     Dorothy M. McDonald (f) (2nd time)   
bf.1992 - 1996             Mel Grandjamb (1st time)
1996 - 2019                Jim L. Boucher

2019 - 2023                Mel Grandjamb (2nd time)
2023 -                     Raymond Powder


Fort McMurray

[Fort McMurray First
                    Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1900                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Fort McMurray).
1924 – 1932                Fort McMurray Indian Agency established.

Chiefs
1900 - 19..                Adam Boucher (headman)
c.1914                     Vacant
bf.1982 - af.1990          Robert Cree
bf.1991 - 2002             Bernice Cree (f)
2002 – 2005                Michael Cheecham
2005 - 2011                Albert J. Cree
2011 - 2022                Ronald A. Kreuzter
2022 -                     Neil Cheecham


Frog Lake

[Frog Lake First Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Unipouheos).
1914                       Renamed Frog Lake.

Chiefs
1876 – 18..                Cascakiswes "Head Held Back"
bf.1882 - 1885             Onipawihew "Makes Him Stand"
1885 – 1914                Vacant
1914 – 1930                Napayo
1931 – 1952                John Horse
1953 – 1955                Thomas Quinney
1955 – 1957                Alex Waskahat (1st time)
1957 – 1959                Phileon Stanley
1959                       Alex Waskahat (2nd time)
1959 – 1961                Fred Horse (1st time)
1961 – 1965                Alex Waskahat (3rd time)
1965 – 1965                John B. Stanley
1967 – 1969                Fred Horse (2nd time)
1969 – 1971                Alex Waskahat (4th time)
1971 – 1972                Sam Waskahat (1st time)
1972 – 1973                Fred Fiddler (1st time)
1973 – 1975                Sam Waskahat (2nd time)
1975 – 1977                Lawrence Quinney
1977 – 1979                Fred Fiddler (2nd time)
1979 – 1983                Sam Waskahat (3rd time)
1983 – 1987                Raymond Quinney (1st time)
1987                       Thomas Abraham
1987 – 1989                Raymond Quinney (2nd time)
1989 – 1995                E. Thomas Abraham (1st time)
1995 – 1997                George L. Fryingpan
1997 – 1999                Raymond Quinney (3rd time)
1999 – 2001                E. Thomas Abraham (2nd time)
2001 – 2005                Raymond Quinney (4th time)
2005 – 2007                Roland Quinney
2007 – 2009                George Stanley
2009 - 2019                Clifford L. Stanley

2019 -                     Gregory Desjarlais


Heart Lake

[Heart Lake
                          First Nation former flag (Alberta, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Heart
                                        Lake First Nation (Alberta,
                                        Canada)]
Current Flag
1882                       Separated from Cold Lake, under the Treaty No. 6 (Heart Lake).

Chiefs
1882 – 1886                Antoine (headman)
1886 – af.1899             Fabian (headman)
c.1914                     .... (headman)
1964 – 1986                Eugene Monias (1st time)
1986                       Peter Francis
1986 – 1997                Eugene Monias (2nd time)
1997 - 2018                Maurice D. Monias

2018 -                     Curtis Monias


Horse Lake

[Horse Lake First Nation
                                          (Alberta, Canada)]

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Beaver of Dunvegan).
c.1964                     Renamed Horse Lake.


Chiefs

1899 - 1900                Natoosis (headman)
1900 - 1924                Nipee                         (d. 1924)
1924 - 1940                Pierre Lowe (Pelee)           (d. 1940)
c.1952                     Ernest Horseman
c.1972                     Alfred Chaterlaine
bf.1982 - af.1987          James Horseman
bf.1988 - af.1992          D. Robert Horseman (1st time)
bf.1996 - 1997             Robert E. Horseman
1997 - 2001                D. Robert Horseman (2nd time)
2001 - 2009                Dion Horseman
2009 - 2013                Richard Horseman
2013 - 2017                Eugene Horseman

2017 -                     Ramona E. Horseman (f)


Kapawe'no

[Kapawe'no
                                                      First Nation
                                                      former flag
                                                      (Alberta,
                                                      Canada)]
Former Flag
[Kapawe'no First Nation
                                        flag (Alberta, Canada)]
Current Flag
1965                       Separated from Sucker Creek, under the Treaty No. 8 (Grouard).
1992/96                    Renamed Kapawe'no.

Chiefs
1965 – 1970                Halcrow
1970 - 2020                Frank Thomas Halcrow            (b. 1943 - d. 2020)
2020 -                     Sydney L. Halcrow


Kehewin Cree Nation

[Kehewin Cree Nation (Alberta,
              Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Kehewin).
1992                       Renamed Long Lake Cree Nation.
1995/96                    Renamed Kehewin Cree Nation.

Chiefs

1876 – 1885                John (Kehewin "The Eagle")    (d. 1887)
1885 – 1913                Vacant
1913 – 1921                J.B. John
1921 – 1973                ....
1973 – 1975                Theresa Gadwa (f)
1975 – 1979                Joseph F. Dion                (b. 1948)
1979 – 1997                Gordon Gadwa                  (b. 1945)
1997 – 2001                J. Eric Gadwa (1st time)
2001 – 2005                Gordon John
2005 – 2008                J. Eric Gadwa (2nd time)
2008 – 2011                Ernest Gadwa
2011 - 2015                J. Eric Gadwa (3rd time)
2015 - 2018                Brenda Joly (f)

                             (from 2017, Brenda Vanguard)
2018 - 2021                Vernon Watchmaker (1st time)
2021 - 2024                Trevor John
2024 -                     Vernon Watchmaker (2nd time)


Little Red River Cree Nation

[Little Red River Cree
                                          Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1930                       Separated from Tallcree, under the Treaty No. 8 (Little Red River).
1992                       Renamed Little Red River Cree Nation.

Chiefs

1930 - af.1961             Jean-Baptiste Sewepagaham     (b. 1878 – d. 1965)
1980 - 2003                Alec J. Sewepagaham
2003 - 2007                Floyd Noskiye
2007 - 2011                Gus Loonskin (1st time)
2011 - 2015                Leslie J. Laboucan
2015 - 2018                Gus Loonskin (2nd time)
2018 -                    
Conroy Sewepagaham


Loon River Cree

[Loon
                                                          River Cree
                                                          (Alberta,Canada)]

1992                       Separated from Lubicon Lake, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (Loon River Cree).

Chiefs
1992 - 2001                Paddy Noskey
2001 - 2004                Jerry Noskey
2004 - 2016                Arthur Noskey
2016 - 2019                Bernadette Noskey (f)
                             (from 2017, Bernadette Sharpe)

2019 -                     Ivan Sawan


Louis Bull

[Louis Bull First Nation
                                          (Alberta, Canada)]

1879                       Separated from Bobtail (see Samson), under the
                             Treaty No. 6 (Muddy Bull).
1886                       Renamed Louis Bull.
2022                       Casino opened.

Chiefs

1879 – 1886                Noah Muddy Bull (headman)     (d. 1886)
1886 - af.1910             Louis Bull (headman to 1909)
c.1914                     Tom Bull (headman)
c.1950                     Francis Bull
c.1982                     Peter Bull
bf.1987 - af.1991          Simon Threefingers (1st time)
c.1992                     Herman Roasting
bf.1996 - 1998             Jonathan Bull
1998 - 2001                Helen Bull (f)
2001 - 2007                Simon Threefingers (2nd time)
2007 – 2010                Wayne Moonias
2010 - 2016                Russel Threefingers
2016 - 2022                Irvin Bull

2022 -                     Desmond Bull


Lubicon Lake

[Lubicon Lake
                                                      First Nation
                                                      opposition flag
                                                      under Ominayak
                                                      (Alberta,
                                                      Canada)]Opposition Flag
[Lubicon
                          Lake First Nation - Canada Recognized Council
                          (Alberta, Canada)]
Canada Recognized Council Flag
1939                       Separated from Whitefish Lake, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (Lubicon Lake); no reserve established as of 2024.

Chiefs

1940 – 19..                Joseph Laboucan
1970/73 - 1978             Walter Whitehead
1978 - 2013                Bernard A. Ominayak           (b. 1950)
                             (from 2013, continues in opposition)
2013 -                     Billy J. Laboucan



Mikisew Cree Nation

[Mikisew Cree Nation
                                          (Alberta, Canada)]

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Chipewyan Cree).
1992                       Renamed Mikisew Cree Nation.

Chiefs

1899 - 1909                Justin Martin (Mikisew)       (b. c.1833 - d. 1909)
1909 - 1930                Justin Martin, Jr.            (b. 1860 – d. 1930)
1930 - 1941                Felix P. Whitehead            (d. 1941)
1942 - 1968                John Cowie
1968 - 1970                Ernest Courtoreille
1970 - 1974                Albert Gladue (1st time)
1974 - 1976                John J. Courtoreille
1976                       Archie Waquan (1st time)
1976 - 1977                Sammy Tuccaro
1977                       Cecilia Simpson (f) (interim)
1977 - 1978                Albert Gladue (2nd time)
1978 - 1979                Lawrence Courtoreille (1st time)
1979 - 1980                Lloyd J. Antoine
1980 - 1984                Lawrence Courtoreille (2nd time)
1984 - 1986                Archie Waquan (2nd time)
1986 - 1989                Rita Marten (f)
1989 - 1990                Matthew Lepine
1990 - 1993                Archie Waquan (3rd time)
1993 - 1996                Lawrence Vermillion
1996 - 1999                Archie Waquan (4th time)
1999                       Mary Simpson (f) (acting)
1999 - 2002                George Poitras
2002 - 2005                Archie Waquan (5th time)
2005 - 2011                Roxanne D. Marcel (f)
2011 - 2017                Steve G. Courtoreille
2017 - 2020                Archie Waquan (6th time)
2020 - 2022                Peter Powder
2022 -                     Billy-Joe Tuccaro


Montana

1898                       A band organized under the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (Montana)
                             from the Cree Indians, who had returned to Canada
                             after fleeing to the U.S. in 1885.
Chiefs

1898 – af.1914             Vacant
af.1914 - c.1975           ....
c.1975                     Lillian Potts (f)
bf.1978 - af.1982          Leo Cattleman (1st time)
bf.1986 - 1989             Melvin Potts
1989 – 1999                Leo Cattleman (2nd time)
1999 – 2002                Darrell Strongman (1st time)
2002 – 2005                Leo Cattleman (3rd time)
2005 – 2008                Carl Rabbit
2008 – 2011                Carolyn Buffalo (f)
2011 - 2014                Bradley Rabbit
2014 - 2017                Darrell Strongman (2nd time)
2017 - 2023                Leonard Standing On The Road
2023 -                     Ralph Cattleman


O'Chiese

[O'Chiese First Nation
                                          (Alberta, Canada)]

1950                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (O'Chiese).

Chiefs
1950 – 19..                George Daychief
bf.1982 - af.1988          Theresa Strawberry (f)
c.1989                     George Strawberry
bf.1990 - af.1992          Caroline Beaver Bones (f)
bf.1995 - 1998             Alice Strawberry (f)
1998 – 2002                Danny Bradshaw
2002 - 2019                Darren Whitford

2019 -                     Ray D. Beaverbones


Paul


[Paul First Nation
                                          (Alberta, Canada)]

1877                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Sharphead).
1898                       Renamed Paul.

Chiefs
1877 - 1888                Cheepostequan "Sharphead"
                             (1st time)
1888 - 1890                George Bear

1890 - 1897                Cheepostequan
"Sharphead"
                             (2nd time)
1898 - 1901                Paul Firebag (1st time)       (d. 1920)
1901 - 1906                Band Council (2-3 headmen)
1906 - 1911                David S. Bird                 (d. 1911)
1911 - 1915                Joseph Michel
1915 - 1920                Paul Firebag (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1920 - 1922                John House
1922 - 1929                Vacant
1929 - 1930                David Peter
1930 - 1934                Vacant
1934 - 1935                Peter Burnstick
1935 - 1938                Vacant
1938 - 1946                Enoch Bird
1946 - 1948                Alex House
1948 - 1952                Joseph House (1st time)
1952 - 1955                David Bird
1955 - 1956                Joseph House (2nd time)
1956 - 1958                John Paul
1958 - 1960                Jacob Rain
1960 - 1966                Samuel Bird (1st time)
1966 - 1968                Willie Rain (1st time)
1968 - 1978                Samuel Bird (2nd time)
1978 – 1982                Myles A. House
1982 - 1984                Edwin Burnstick
1984 - 1986                Enoch Bird (1st time)
1986 - 1988                Willie Rain (2nd time)
1988 - 198.                Enoch Bird (2nd time)
bf.1989 - af.1992          Walter Rain
bf.1995 - 1996             Rema Rain (1st time)
1996 - 2000                Wilson S. Bearhead
2000 - 2002                Rema Rain (2nd time)
2002 - 2004                Francis Bull
2004 - 2010                Daniel Paul
2010 - 2016                Casey G. Bird (1st time)
2016 - 2022                Arthur Rain
2022 -                     Casey G. Bird (2nd time)



Peerless Trout

[Peerless Trout First Nation former flag
                                                          (Alberta,
                                                          Canada)]Former Flag
[Peerless
                          Trout First Nation flag (Alberta, Canada)]
Current Flag
2010                       Separated from Bigstone Cree, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (Peerless Trout).
2024                       Reserve established for the first time.

Chiefs
2010 – 2018                James Alook
2018 - 2022                Gladys Okemow (f)
2022 -                     Gilbert Okemow



Piikani Nation


[Piikani
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Alberta,
                                                          Canada)]

c.1750                     Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika).
1877                       Northern Peigan (in Canada) signed the Treaty No. 7 (as Peigan),
                             Southern Peigan (in the U.S.) became Blackfeet.
1888 – 1966                Peigan Indian Agency established.
1996                       Renamed Peigan Nation.
2002                       Renamed Piikani Nation.
 
Head chiefs

bf.1847 - 1876             Stamiksotokani "Bull Head"    (d. 1876)
                             (head chief of Northern Peigan)
1876 – 1886                Soatsitapitaupi "Eagle Tail   (d. 1886)
                             Feathers"
1886 – 1890                "North Axe"                   (b. c.1849 - d. 1890)
1890 – 1901                Maistopita "Crow Eagle"       (b. c.1833 – d. 1901)
1901 - af.1911             Siksapo "Black Plume"         (b. 1858 – d. 19..)
1949 – 1963                John Yellow Horn              (b. 1900 – d. 1983)
Chiefs
1964 – 1976                Maurice McDougall             (b. 1906 – d. 1976)
1976 – 1982                Nelson Small Legs
1982 – 1989                Peter Yellowhorn
1989 – 1995                Leonard Bastien
1995 – 1997                Philip Big Swan
1997 – 2007                Peter Strikes With A Gun
2007 – 2011                Reg Crowshoe
2011 - 2015                Gayle M. Strikes With A Gun (f)
2015 - 2023                Stanley Grier
2023 -                     Troy Knowlton


Saddle Lake Cree Nation

[Cree
                          Saddle Lake group (Alberta, Canada)]
Flag of Saddle Lake group
[Cree White
                          Fish Lake group (Alberta, Canada)]
Flag of White Fish Lake group

1876                       Signed the Treaty No.6 (Little Hunter and James Seenum).
1884 – 1967                Saddle Lake (to 1887, Victoria) Indian Agency established.
1902                       James Seenum (in c.1934 renamed White Fish Lake) merged
                             into Little Hunter (in 1902 renamed Saddle Lake), but each
                             group retains separate administration.
c.1982 – 1992/96           White Fish Lake group renamed Goodfish Lake.
2010                       Renamed Saddle Lake Cree Nation.

Head chief of the Beaver Hills People
(Plains Cree and their Stoney allies in central and eastern part of Alberta)

bf.1870 - 1876             Onochi Minahowasis            (b. c.1820 - d. 1882)

                             "Little Hunter"  
Chiefs of Saddle Lake (to 1902, Little Hunter)

1876 - 1882                Onochi Minahowasis            (s.a.)
                             "Little Hunter"  
1882 - 1886                Vacant
1886 - 1896                Thomas Hunter (headman)
1896 - 1913                Vacant
bf.1924 - 1929             Thomas Makokis                (b. 1870 – d. 19..)
1929                       Louis Cardinal
1930 - 1943                Moses Ayiwakes
1943 - 1946                George Hunter
1946 - 1956                ....
1956 - 1960                Joseph P. Cardinal (1st time) (b. 1921 – d. 2003)
1960 - 1966                Julian Moses
1966 - 1969                Ralph Garvin Steinhauer       (b. 1905 – d. 1987)
1969 - 1972                Horace Jackson
1972 - 1975                Joseph P. Cardinal (2nd time) (s.a.)
1975 - 1980                Eugene Steinhauer (1st time)  (b. 1928 - d. 1995)
1980 - 1981                Charles E. Wood
1981 - 1984                Henry B. Quinney
1984 - 1985                Eugene Steinhauer (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1985 - 1987                Eugene Houle                  (b. 1949 - d. 2012)
1987 - 1989                Eugene Steinhauer (3rd time)  (s.a.)
1989 - 1992                Carl Quinn
1992 - 1995                Eric J. Large                 (b. 1945)
1995 - 1998                Shirley M. Steinhauer (f)
1998 - 2001                John Shirt
2001 - 2013                Eddy Makokis (1st time)
2013 - 2016                Leonard Jackson
2016 - 2019                Eddy Makokis (2nd time)
2019 - 2022                Eric Shirt
2022 - 29 Mar 2024         Terry Cardinal                (b. 1955 - d. 2024)
2024 -                     Herb Jackson

Chiefs of White Fish Lake (to c.1934, James Seenum; c.1982-1992/96 Goodfish Lake)

1876 – 1917                James Seenum                  (b. 1842 - d. 1917)

                             (Pakan "Hard Nut")
c.1932?                    Edward Seenum
c.1982                     Harry Sparklingeyes
c.1985                     Sam Bull                      (d. 1996)
198. - 1987                Morris H. Jackson
1987 - af.1990             Ernest Houle
bf.1991 - af.1992          Allen Houle (1st time)
af.1992 - 1996             ....
1996 - 1999                Allen Houle (2nd time)
1999 - 2002                Alan J. Makokis
2002 - 2008                Leonard Thomas Houle (1st time)
2008 - 2014                James Jackson
2014 - 2017                Brian Favel
2017 - 2021                Leonard Thomas Houle (2nd time)

2021 - 2024                Stan Houle 
2024 -                     Jason Whiskeyjack


Samson

[Samson
                                                          Cree (Alberta,
                                                          Canada)]

1877                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Bobtail).
1879                       Samson separated from Bobtail.
1884 – 1967                Hobbema (to 1892, Peace Hills) Indian Agency established.
1886                       Bobtail dissolved, partly merged into Samson.

Chief of Bobtail

1877 – 1886                Alexis Piche                  (b. 1829 – d. 1900)
                             (Kiskiyew "Bobtail") 
Chiefs of Samson

1879 – 1898                Samson (Kanatakasew)          (d. 1898)
1899 – 1942                Joseph Samson
1942 – 1952                James Crane
1953 – 1955                Baptiste Saddleback
1955 – 1957                John S. Samson (1st time)
1957 – 1959                Felix Buffalo (1st time)
1959 – 1961                John S. Samson (2nd time)
1961 – 1963                Felix Buffalo (2nd time)
1963 – 1965                Harry Rain
1965 – 1969                Jacob L. Samson
1969 – 1973                Norman Yellowbird
1973 – 1975                Arthur Potts
1975 – 1979                Frank Buffalo
1979 – 1981                Jim Omeasoo (1st time)
1981 – 1983                Victor S. Buffalo (1st time)
1983 – 1989                Jim Omeasoo (2nd time)
1989 – 1993                Victor S. Buffalo (2nd time)
1993 – 1996                Terry Buffalo
1996 – 1999                Florence Buffalo (f)
1999 – 2002                Lena Cutknife (f)
2002 – 2008                Victor S. Buffalo (3rd time)
2008 - 2014                Marvin Yellowbird
2014 - 2017                Kurt Buffalo
2017 -                     Vernon J. Saddleback



Sawridge

[Sawridge
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Alberta,
                                                          Canada)]

1910                       Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Sawridge).

Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)

1910 - 1966                ....
1966 - 1997                Walter P. Twinn               (b. 1934 – d. 1997)
1997 - 2002                Bertha L'Hirondelle-Twin (f)
2002 - 2023                Roland Twinn 
2023 -                     Isaac Twinn



Siksika

[Siksika Nation (Alberta,
                Canada)]

c.1750                     Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (in the Blackfoot: Niitsitapi),
                             which included Blood, Blackfoot, Peigan (now Piikani [in Canada]
                             and Blackfeet [in the U.S.]), Sarcee (now Tsuut'ina) and Gros
                             Ventre (withdrew in 1866; now Fort Belknap [in the U.S.]) tribes.
1855 - 1872                The confederacy (referred to as the Blackfoot Nation) under the
                             U.S. protection (actually not involving Blackfoot and Sarcee
                             tribes).
1877                       Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Blackfoot), to 1911 divided into two
                             (occasionally three) divisions.
1884 - 1969                Blackfoot Indian Agency established.
1990                       Renamed Siksika Nation.

Head chiefs of the Southern Blackfoot
bf.1850 – c.1860           Akawmahkaii "Old Swan"        (d. c.1860)
c.1860 – 1872              Akamahkaii "Big Swan"         (d. 1872)
1872 - 1890                Isapoomahksika "Crowfoot"     (b. 1830 - d. 1890)
                             (considered by Canada as the supreme chief of the confederacy)
1890 – 1892                Niuokskastami "Three Bulls"   (d. 1892)
1892 – 1911                Aatsistamahka "Running Rabbit"(b. c.1833 – d. 1911)
Head chiefs of the Northern Blackfoot
bf.1854 - 1860             Natosapi "Old Sun I"          (d. 1860)

1860 – 1897                Natosapi "Old Sun II"         (b. c.1819 – d. 1897)
1897 – 1903                "White Pup"                   (d. 1903)
1903 – 1911                Otahkomiota "Yellow Horse"    (d. 1920)
Head chiefs
1911 – 1920                Otahkomiota                   (s.a.)

1920                       "Water Chief"                 (d. af.1939)
1920 – 1948                "Duck Chief"                  (b. 1864 – d. 1948)
1948 – 1953                ....
Chiefs
1953 – 1957                Joseph Crowfoot               (b. 1892 – d. 1976)
1957 – 1967                Clarence McHugh (1st time)    (b. 1910 – d. 19..)
1967 – Oct 1968            Percy Yellow Fly              (b. 1928 – d. 2005)
Oct 1968 – Mar 1971        Adam Solway                   (d. 1986)
Mar 1971 – Nov 1971        Clarence McHugh (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Nov 1971 – 1981            Leo Pretty Young Man (1st time)
1981 – 1983                Roy Little Chief              (b. 1938 - d. 2020)
1983 – 1987                Leo Pretty Young Man (2nd time)
1987 - 1995                Strater J. Crowfoot (1st time)
1995 - 1997                Robert Ryan Breaker, Jr.
1997 – 2001                Darlene Yellow Old Woman-     (b. 1953)
                             Munro (f)
2001 – Nov 2003            Adrian Stimson, Sr. (1st time)
Nov 2003 – Nov 2005        Strater J. Crowfoot (2nd time)
Nov 2005 – Nov 2007        Adrian Stimson, Sr. (2nd time)
Nov 2007 – Nov 2010        Leroy Good Eagle
                             (from 2009, Leroy Wolf Collar)
Nov 2010 – Nov 2013        Fred Rabbit Carrier
Nov 2013 – Nov 2016        Vincent Yellow Old Woman
Nov 2016 - Nov 2019        Joseph M. Weasel Child
Nov 2019 -                 Ouray Crowfoot


Smith's Landing

[Smith's Landing
                First Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1998                       Separated from Salt River, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (Smith's Landing).

Chiefs
1998 - 2000                Jerry Paulette (1st time)
2000 - 2002                Fred Daniels (1st time)
2002 - 2007                Jerry Paulette (2nd time)
2007 - 2010                Fred Daniels (2nd time)
2010 - 2013                Cheyeanne Paulette            (b. 1980)
2013 - 2016                Andrew Wandering Spirit
2016 - 2017                Lorraine MacDonald (f)
2017 - 2019                John Tourangeau

2019 - 2022                Gerry Cheezie
2022 -                     Thaidene Paulette



Stoney (Stoney Nakoda)
[Stoney First
                  Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1877                       Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Stoney), three constituent bands
                             administered separately.
1894 – 1969                Stony (from 1945, Stoney) Indian Agency established.
1968                       Joint Band Council established.
1974 (2 months)            Frank Kaquitts becomes overall Stoney chief.
2008                       Casino opened.

[Stoney First
                          Nation - Bearspaw Band Former Flag (Alberta,
                          Canada)]Bearspaw Band Former Flag
[Stoney First
                          Nation - Bearspaw Band Flag (Alberta,
                          Canada)]Bearspaw Band Flag

Chiefs of Bearspaw Band
1877 - 1903                Jacob Bearspaw                (b. c.1837 - d. 1903)

                             (Stoney name: Ozija Thiha, Cree name: Maskwaahsid)
1903 – 1912                Moses Bearspaw                (b. c.1855 - d. 1912)
1912 - 1916                George MacLean                (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
1917 - 1956                David Bearspaw                (b. 1865 – d. 1956)
1956 – af.1957             John Bearspaw                 (b. c.1885 – d. 19..)
1961 - 1963                Frank Kaquitts                (b. 1925 - d. 2002)
1963 - 1966                Tom Two Young Men (1st time)   
1966 - 1968                William "Bill" MacLean        (b. 1920 - d. 2016)
                             (1st time)
1968 - 1971                Tom Two Young Men (2nd time)   
1971 - 1973                William "Bill" MacLean        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
1973 - 1975                ....
1975 - 1978                William "Bill" MacLean        (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1978 - 1984                Bill Ear
1984 - 1986                Una Wesley (f) (1st time)
1986 - 1988                Dandy Amos (1st time)
1988 – 1990                Una Wesley (f) (2nd time)
1990 – 199.                Dandy Amos (2nd time)
bf.1991 - 1994             John Ear

1994 - 1996                Harvey Baptiste
1996 - 1998                Philomene Stephens (f)
1998 – Dec 2008            Darcy Lee Dixon (1st time)
Dec 2008 – Sep 2011        David Bearspaw, Jr.
Sep 2011 -                 Darcy Lee Dixon (2nd time)

[Stoney First
                          Nation - Chiniki Band (Alberta, Canada)]Chiniki Band Flag

Chiefs of Chiniki Band
1877 - 1906                John Chiniki                  (b. c.1834 - d. 1906)
1906 - 1911                Jonas Two Young Men
1912 - 1922                Tom Chiniki
1922 - 1933                Hector Crawler                (b. c.1852 - d. 1933)
1933 - 1960                Jacob Two Young Men
1960 - 1962                Daniel Wildman
1962 - af.1966             George Labelle (1st time)
bf.1970 - af.1972          Frank Powderface (1st time)
1973 - 1975                Frank Kaquitts (1st time)     (b. 1925 - d. 2002)
197. – 1976                Frank Powderface (2nd time)
1976 - 1978                Alvin Two Young Men (1st time)
1978 - 1984                Frank Powderface (3rd time)
1984 - 1986                Frank Kaquitts (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1986 - 1988                Alvin Two Young Men (2nd time)
1988 – af.1990             George Labelle (2nd time)
bf.1991 - 1996             Ken Soldier
1996 - 1998                Henry Holloway
1998 – Dec 2000            Paul Chiniquay
Dec 2000 – Dec 2005        Aaron Young (1st time)
Dec 2005 – Dec 2014        Bruce Labelle
Dec 2014 -                 Aaron Young (2nd time)

[Stoney First
                          Nation - Wesley Band to 2022 (Alberta,
                          Canada)]Wesley Band Flag to 2022
[Stoney
                          First Nation - Goodstoney Band (Alberta,
                          Canada)]Goodstoney Band Flag From 2022

Chiefs of Goodstoney (1903-2022 Wesley) Band
1877 - 1885                Jacob Goodstoney              (b. 182. – d. 1885)
                             (Stoney name: Toghapa, Cree name: Kichipwot)
1885 – 1903                Jonas Goodstoney              (d. 1903)
1903 - 1935                Peter Wesley                  (d. 1935)
1935 - 1938                Amos Bigstoney
1938 – 19..                Moses Jimmy John
bf.1940 - 1949             Enos Hunter                   (b. 1883 - d. 1949)
1949 - 1955                Tom Snow
bf.1960 - af.1962          Isaac Two Young Men           (b. 1900 – d. 1965)
1967 - 1968                Tom Kaquitts
1968 - 1992                John Snow (1st time)          (b. 1933 – d. 2006)
1992 - 1996                Ernest Wesley (1st time)
1996 – Dec 2000            John Snow (2nd time)          (s.a.)
Dec 2000 – Dec 2006        Ernest Wesley (2nd time)
Dec 2006 – Dec 2010        Clifford Poucette (1st time)
Dec 2010 - Dec 2018        Ernest Wesley (3rd time)
Dec 2018 -                 Clifford Poucette (2nd time)


Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation

[Sturgeon Lake Cree
                Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1900                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Sturgeon Lake).
2000                       Renamed Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1900 - 190.                "The Captain" (headman)
c.1982                     Adolphus Kappo
198. – 1987                Francis V. Goodswimmer
1987 - 1992                Ronald Sunshine
1992 - 1993                Darlene Desjarlais (f)
1993 - 1995                Alfred Goodswimmer        
1995 - 1998                Melvin J. Goodswimmer
1998 - 2001                Jerry Goodswimmer
2001 - 2004                Clyde Goodswimmer (1st time)
2004 - 2010                David R. Kappo
2010 - 2019                Richard D. Kappo
2019 - 2022                Clyde Goodswimmer (2nd time)
2022 -                     Sheldon Sunshine


Sucker Creek

[Sucker Creek Brand
                (Alberta, Canada)]

1910                       Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Sucker Creek).

Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)

1910 – 1914                Louis Willier (Mostos)        (b. c.1850 – d. 1914)
c.1982                     Donald Calliou (1st time)
198. – 1987                James G. Badger (1st time)
1987 – 1989                Donald Calliou (2nd time)
1989 – 1997                James G. Badger (2nd time)
1997 – 1998                Alvin Cardinal (1st time)
1998 – 1999                Raymond Willier
1999 – 2003                Alvin Cardinal (2nd time)
2003 – 2006                Fred Badger
2006 – 2009                Jaret Cardinal
2009 - 2021                James G. Badger (3rd time)
2021 - 2024                Roderick Willier
2024 -                     Carol Okemow (f)



Sunchild


[Sunchild
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Alberta,
                                                          Canada)]

1944                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Sunchild).

Chiefs
1944 – 19..                Louis Sunchild
c.1982                     Robert Whitecalf (1st time)
bf.1987 - af.1988          Nelson Daychief
bf.1989 - af.1990          Robert Whitecalf (2nd time)
bf.1991 - 1997             Harry Goodrunning (1st time)
1997 – 1999                Melvin Goodrunning (1st time)
1999 – 2001                Harry Goodrunning (2nd time)
2001 – 2003                Melvin Goodrunning (2nd time)
2003 – 2009                Stanley Lagrelle (1st time)   
2009 – 2011                James Frencheater
2011 – 2013                Stanley Lagrelle (2nd time)
2013 -                     Jonathan Frencheater



Swan River

[Swan
                                                          River First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Alberta,Canada)]

1910                       Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Swan River).

Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)

1910 – 1927                Felix Giroux
1927 – 1928                Edward Twin
1928 – 1935                August Chalifoux (1st time)
1935 – af.1936             August Sowan
19.. – 19..                Gene Giroux
19.. – 19..                August Chalifoux (2nd time)
19.. – 19..                Victor Twin
19.. – 19..                Paul Sound
c.1982                     Henry C. Chalifoux (1st time)
198. - 1987                Gordon Courtoreille
1987 - af.1989             Dustin V. Twin (1st time)
bf.1990 - 1996             Henry C. Chalifoux (2nd time)
1996 – 1999                Dustin V. Twin (2nd time)
1999 – 2002                Richard Davis
2002 – 2013                Leon Chalifoux (acting to 2003)
2013 - 2016                Ryan Davis
2016 - 2022                Gerald Giroux

2022 -                     Lee Twinn


Tallcree

[Tallcree
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Alberta,
                                                          Canada)]

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Vermilion).
1930                       Renamed Tallcree.
1948 - 1970                Fort Vermilion Indian Agency established.

Chiefs
1899 - af.1916             "Tall Cree" (originally headman)
bf.1982 - af.1988          Francis Meenen
bf.1989 - 1998             Bernard J. Meneen (1st time)
1998 - 2003                Frank Meneen
2003 - 2008                Bernard J. Meneen (2nd time)
2008 -                     Rupert L. Meneen


Tsuut'ina (Tsuu T'ina)

[Tsuut'ina
                      First Nation (Alberta, Canada)

c.1750                     Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika).
1877                       Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Sarcee).
1884 - 1948                Sarcee Indian Agency established.
1992                       Renamed Tsuu T'ina Nation.
2007                       Casino opened.
2015                       Spelling changed to Tsuut'ina.

Head chiefs
18.. – 1865                Xakidji-tsitl'a "Little       (d. 1865)
                             Chief"
1865 - 1911                Iik'ootsii "Bull Head"        (b. 1833 - d. 1911)
1912 – 1922                Jim Big Plume                 (d. 1922)
1922 - 1946                Joseph "Joe" Big Plume        (b. 1883 - d. 1946)
Chiefs
1946 - 1953                David Crowchild               (b. 1899 - d. 1982)
1953 – 1962                James "Jim" Starlight         (b. 1904 – d. 1966)
                             (1st time)
1962 – 1964                Richard Big Plume (1st time)  (b. 1902 – d. 2002)
1964 – 1966                James "Jim" Starlight         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1966 – 1970                Richard Big Plume (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1970 - 1976                Gordon Crowchild              (b. 1929 - d. 2015)
1976 - 1984                Clifford Big Plume (1st time)
1984 - 1986                Roy Whitney (1st time)
1986 – 1987                Clifford Big Plume (2nd time)
1987 - 2001                Roy Whitney (2nd time)
2001 - 2012                Sandford Big Plume
2012 - 2016                Roy Whitney (3rd time)
2016 - 2019                Sydney "Lee" Crowchild
2019 -                     Roy Whitney (4th time)


Whitefish Lake

[Whitefish Lake
                          First Nation old flag (Alberta, Canada)]
Flag to c.2023
[Whitefish
                          Lake First Nation No. 459 (Alberta, Canada)]
Adopted c.2023

1901                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Whitefish Lake) in
                             Atikameg, Alberta.

Chiefs
1901 – 19..                Vacant
c.1910                     Nahakis
c.1982                     Gilbert Laboucan
c.1987                     Pat Yellowknee
bf.1988 - af.1990          Eddie L. Tallman (1st time)
bf.1991 - af.1992          Robert Gray (1st time)
bf.1996 - 1999             Eddie L. Tallman (2nd time)
1999 – 2001                Robert Gray (2nd time)
2001 – 2010                Clifford Laboucan
2010 - 2014                Eddie L. Tallman (2nd time)
2014 - 2018                Robert Gray (3rd time)
2018 - 2023                Albert Thunder
2023 -                     Eddie L. Tallman (3rd time)


Woodland Cree

[Woodland Cree
                    (Alberta, Canada)]

1990                       Separated from Lubicon Lake, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (Woodland Cree).

Chiefs
1990 – 199.                Melvin Laboucan (1st time)
bf.1991 - 1998             John W. Cardinal
1998 – 2001                Joseph P. Whitehead. (1st time)
2001 – 2002                Melvin Laboucan (2nd time)
2002 – 2003                Tom Cardinal (acting)
2003 – 2010                Joseph P. Whitehead (2nd time)
2010 – 2013                William Whitehead
2013 -                     Isaac Laboucan-Avirom



British Columbia


Note: There are 203 First Nations in British Columbia. Although the treaties with the Crown by 10 bands on the Vancouver Island were entered during 1850-1854 and most of the reserves were set aside by 1900, a majority of the nations in British Columbia remain outside of the treaties with Canada until now. The modern self-government treaty making started in 1986, but by 2017 only 13 nations had signed these treaties. Currently recorded are: (1) 12 largest First Nations by registered native on-reserve population in 2010 (the ones whose population exceeded 800) and (2) eight First Nations in the north-eastern part of the province that are covered by the Treaty No. 8 of 1899.
There were the following Indian agencies not recorded below under individual First Nations: West Coast (1881-1970), Kamloops (1881-1969), New Westminster (to 1910 Fraser River, 1881-1965), Williams Lake (1883-1971), Kootenay (1885-1969), Stikine (1905-1954), Queen Charlotte (1909-1966), Stuart Lake (1910-1968), Nicola (1929-1969), Burns Lake (1956-1968), Terrace (1959-1971).

Blueberry River

[Blueberry River First Nation former
                              flag (British Columbia, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Blueberry
                          River First Nation flag (British Columbia,
                          Canada)]
Current Flag
1900                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Beaver of Fort St. John)
1934 - 1968                Fort St. John Indian Agency established.
1962                       Renamed Fort St. John.
1977                       Renamed Blueberry River.

Chiefs
1900 - 1912                Vacant

1912 - 1918                Madaayea (Anglicized: Montney)(b. c.1846 - d. 1918)
1919 - 1952                Sagonaa (Anglicized: Succona) (b. 1879 – d. 1952)
c.1972                     Rene Dominic
c.1982                     Gerald Davis
bf.1985 - af.1992          Joseph Apsassin (1st time)
bf.1997 - 2001             Norman Yahey (1st time)
2001 - 2003                Malcolm Apsassin
2003 - 2005                Linda Chipesia (f)
2005 - 2009                Norman Yahey (2nd time)
2009 - 2013                Joseph Apsassin (2nd time)
2013 - 2022                Marvin Yahey

2022 -                     Judy Desjarlais (f)


Cowichan


[Cowichan Tribes (British
                  Columbia, Canada)]

1859                       First of several reserves set aside.
1881 - 1970                Cowichan Indian Agency established.
1886 - 189.                Cowichan Council elected by 7 Cowichan bands (Clemclemluts,
                            
Comiaken, Khenipsen, Kilpahlas, Koksilah, Quamichan, Somena).
1939                       Amalgamation of 7 Cowichan bands.

Chief councilor (leader of municipal style council)
1886 - af.1887             Lohah (chief of Comiaken)
Head chief
bf.1897 - af.1915          Charlie Suhiltun (chief of Quamichan)
Chiefs

1939 - 19..                ....
c.1945                     Fred Thorne
1972 - 1974                Dennis Alphonse (1st time)    (b. 1933 – d. 2004)
1974 - 1976                Wesley Modeste
1976 - 1988                Dennis Alphonse (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1988 - 1990                Ernest Elliott
1990 - 1992                Dennis Alphonse (3rd time)    (s.a.)
1992 - 1998                Philomena Alphonse (f)
1998 - 2002                Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (1st time)
2002 - 2007                Harvey R. Alphonse (1st time)
2007 - 2011                Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (2nd time)
2011 - 2013                Harvey R. Alphonse (2nd time)
2013 - 2022                William C. Seymour

2022 - 2024                Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (3rd time)
2024 -                     Cindy Daniels (f)


Doig River

[Doig
                              River First Nation former flag (British
                              Columbia, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Doig River
                          First Nation (British Columbia, Canada)]
Current Flag
1977                       Separated from Blueberry River, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (Doig River).

Chiefs

1977 – 1981                Gerry Attachie (1st time)     (b. 1952)
1981 – 1985                Kelvin Davis (1st time)
1985 – 1997                Gerry Attachie (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1997 – 1999                ....
1999 – 2001                Kelvin Davis (2nd time)
2001 – 2005                Gary Oker
2005 – 2009                Kelvin Davis (3rd time)
2009 - 2015                Norman Davis
2015 -                     Trevor Makadahay


Fort Nelson

[Fort Nelson First
                  Nation (British Columbia, Canada)]

1911                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Slaveys of Fort Nelson).
1962                       Renamed Fort Nelson.

Chiefs

1911 - 19..                Jimmie Badine
bf.1982 - af.1988          George Behn
bf.1989 - af.1990          Kathi Dickie (f) (1st time)
bf.1991 - 1992             Sally Behn (f) (1st time)
1992 - 1993                Glen Badine
1993 - 1994                William Capot-Blanc
1994 - 1997                Harvey Behn
1997 - 1998                Sally Behn (f) (2nd time)
1998 - 1999                Adolphus Capot-Blanc
1999 - 2005                Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (1st time)
2005 - 2006                Sally Behn (f) (3rd time)
2006 - 2008                Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (2nd time)
2008 - 2012                Kathi Dickie (f) (2nd time)
2012 - 2014                Sharleen Wildeman (f) (1st time)
                             (from 2013,
Sharleen Gale)
2014 - 2017                Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (3rd time)
2017 - 2018                Harrison Dickie

2018 - 2019                Curtis Dickie
2019 - 2024                Sharleen Gale (f) (2nd time)
2024 -                    
Archie Harrold

Gitanmaax

[Gitanmaax
                            First Nation possible flag (British
                            Columbia, Canada)]
Possible Flag

1891                       First of reserves set aside (Hazelton, also named Gitanmaax in
                             various spellings, such as Get-An-Max).
1982                       Name Gitanmaax specified.

First chief
bf.1897 - af.1903          Gedimgaldo’o (Get-dum-gol-doc)
Chiefs

c.1982                     Lawrence W. Howard
bf.1986 - 1988             Neil B. Sterritt              (b. 1941 - d. 2020)
1988 - 1990                Stephen Robinson
1990 - af.1992             Gary Patsey
bf.1996 - af.1998          Lawrence K. Patsey
bf.2002 - 2012             Marjorie McRae (f) (1st time)
2012 - 2014                Julie Morrison (f)
2014 - 2016                Marjorie McRae (f) (2nd time)
2016 - 2018                Veronica Green (f)
2018 - 2024                Tracey Woods (f)
2024 -                     Kirsten Barnes (f)


Halfway River

[Halfway River First Nation
                  (British Columbia, Canada)]

1914                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Hudson’s Hope).
1977                       Renamed Halfway River.      

Chiefs
1914 – 19..                Metecheah 
c.1972                     Harry Jackson
c.1982                     Grace Metecheah (f)
c.1987                     Bernie Metecheah (1st time)
bf.1988 - af.1991          Gerry Hunter (1st time)
bf.1992 - 2001             Bernie Metecheah (2nd time)
2001 - 2003                Joyce Morin (f)
2003 - 2005                Roslyn Pokiak (f)
2005 - 2009                Gerry Hunter (2nd time)
2009 - 2011                Ed Whitford
2011 - 2013                Russell Lily
2013 -                     Darlene Hunter (f)



Heiltsuk

[Heiltsuk (Hailzaqv) First
                  Nation (British Columbia, Canada)]

1882                       First of reserves set aside (Bella Bella).
1982                       Renamed Heiltsuk (Haíɫzaqv).

Head chiefs
bf.1881 - af.1884          Charley Humchitt (Hmzit)
bf.1893 - 1900             Boston Humpsit
1901 - 1904                Robert Bell                   (b. 1859 - d. 1904)
c.1913                     Bob Anderson

Chiefs

19.. - 1982                Edwin Newman (1st time)
1982 - 1990                Cecil M. Reid                 (b. 1930 - d. 2016)
1990 - 1992                Arlene Wilson (f) (1st time)
1992 - 1994                Edwin Newman (2nd time)
1994 - af.1998             Arlene Wilson (f) (2nd time)
bf.2000 - 2002             Robert Germyn
2002 - 2006                Ross Wilson
2006 - 2008                William Gladstone
2008 -                     Marilyn Slett (f)



Lake Babine

[Lake Babine First Nation
                  (British Columbia, Canada)]

1889 - 1971                Babine Indian agency.
1892                       First of reserves set aside (Fort Babine).
1957                       Renamed Lake Babine (upon incorporation of Old Fort).
1996                       Renamed Lake Babine Nation.

Head chief
c.1825                     Ack-koo-shaw
Chiefs
bf.1897 - af.1906          "Big" George (Gwist’a’)
c.1915                     William
1959 - 1962                Nee Ughin Lee
c.196.                     Margaret Patrick (f) (1st time)
c.1968                     Lawrence Tom
1969 - 1972                Margaret Patrick (f) (2nd time)
1972 - 1975                Ted Lowley (1st time)
1975 - 1979                Margaret Patrick (f) (3rd time)
1979 - 1988                Ted Lowley (2nd time)
1988 - 1994                Wilfred Adam (1st time)
1994 - 1997                Emma Palmantier (f) (1st time)
1997 - 2003                Betty Patrick (f) (1st time)
2003 - 2006                Emma Palmantier (f) (2nd time)
2006 - 2009                Betty Patrick (f) (2nd time)
2009 - 2018                Wilfred Adam (2nd time)
2018 - 2021                Gordon Alec

2021 - 2024                Murphy Abraham
2024 -                     Wilfred Adam (3rd time)


Lax Kw’alaams

[Lax Kw’alaams Band
                  (British Columbia, Canada)]

1881                       First of reserves set aside (Port Simpson, often named
                             Fort Simpson until c.1910).
1883 - 1967                Northwest Coast (1909-1922 Nass, from 1922 Skeena River)
                             Indian agency.
1983                       Renamed Lax Kw’alaams.

Head chiefs
bf.1836 - 1842             "Old" Legaic (Ligeex)         (d. 1842)
1842 - 1869                Legaic                        (b. c.1820 - d. 1869)
                             (from 1863, Paul Legaic I)
1869 - 1891                Paul Legaic II                (d. 1891)
1891 - 1902                Martha Legaic (f)             (b. c.1874 - d. 1902)
Chief councillors (leaders of municipal style council)
1894 - 190.                ....
c.1905                     Alfred S. Dudoward            (b. c.1850 - d. 1914)
bf.1928 - af.1935          Ernest Dudoward               (d. 1951)
c.1947                     Thomas Gosnell
19.. - 1952                ....
Chiefs (
from c.2013, with title of Mayor)
c.1968                     Reginald Sampson (1st time)
c.1981                     James Bryant (1st time)
c.1982                     Reginald Sampson (2nd time)
c.1983                     James Bryant (2nd time)
198. - 1987                Leonard Reece
1987 - 1989                Reginald Sampson (3rd time)
1989 - 1991                Lawrence Helin                (b. 1931 - d. 2015)
1991 - af.1993             Helen Johnson (f)
bf.1997 - 1999             Benjamin G. Hughes
1999 - 2015                Garry M. Reece (1st time)
2015 - 2019                John B. Helin
2019 -                     Garry M. Reece (2nd time)


Lil'wat Nation

[Lil'wat Nation (British
                  Columbia, Canada)]

1881                       First of several reserves set aside (Pemberton).
1958                       Renamed Mount Currie.
2015                       Renamed Lil'wat Nation.

Chiefs
bf.1881 - af.1915          James Stager (Statzie)
c.1922                     Alphonse J. Stager
1981 - 1989                Leonard J. Andrew (1st time)
1989 - af.1990             Fraser Andrew
bf.1991 - 1995             Katherine Wallace (f)
1995 - 2003                Allen Stager
2003 - 2011                Leonard J. Andrew (2nd time)
2011 - 2015                Lucinda Phillips (f)
2015 -                     Dean Nelson



Lytton

[Lytton First Nation
                  (British, Columbia)]

1878                       First of reserves set aside (Lytton, also named Tlkamcheen in
                             various spellings until c.1910), designated already in 1860.
1910 - 1969                Lytton Indian agency.

Chiefs

c.1858                     David Spintlum (Sexpinlhemx)  (b. c.1811 - d. 1887)
1878 - af.1899             William Michel
c.1963                     Charles R. Brown
c.1978                     Tim Spinks
bf.1980 - 1983             Nathan J. Spinks
1983 - 1991                Ruby R. Dunstan (f)
1991 - af.1995             Byron J. Spinks (1st time)
bf.1997 - af.2003          Janet Webster (f) (1st time)
bf.2007 - 2009             Byron J. Spinks (2nd time)
2009 - 2023                Janet Webster (f) (2nd time)
2023 -                     Niakia Hanna



McLeod Lake

[McLeod Lake Indian Band
                  (British Columbia, Canada)]

1892                       Reserve set aside (McLeod Lake).
2000                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899.

Chiefs
bf.1897 - af.1899          Nansit
c.1972                     Michell Solonas
bf.1977 - 1997             Harry Chingee
1997 - 2002                Alec Chingee (1st time)
2002 - 2005                Harley Chingee (1st time)
2005 - 2008                Alec Chingee (2nd time)
2008 - 2017                Derek Orr
2017 -                     Harley Chingee (2nd time
)


Namgis

[Namgis First Nation flag
                  photo (British Columbia, Canada)]

1881                       First of reserves set aside (Nimkeesh).
1881 - 1970                Kwawkewlth Indian agency.
1934                       Spelling changed to Nimpkish.
1996                       Renamed Namgis.
 
Chiefs
c.1792                     Cheslakees
bf.1897 - af.1909          Tla-gu-glas (Tlah-co-glass)
c.1914                     Alfred Lageuse
c.1921                     Dan Cranmer
1951 - 19..                James Sewid                   (b. 1933 - d. 1988)
c.1980                     Roy Cranmer
198. - 1982                William T. Cranmer (1st time)
1982 - 1994                Patrick Alfred                (b. 1937 - d. 2007)
1994 - 2014                William T. Cranmer (2nd time)
2014 - 2017                Debra Hanuse (f)
2017 - 2023                Donald Svanvik
2023 -                     Victor Isaac



Nisga’a of New Aiyansh

[Nisga'a
                            Nation (British Columbia, Canada)]
Flag of Nisga'a Nation
Adopted 24 Apr 2001

1881                       First of reserves set aside (Aiyansh).
1924                       Renamed Gitlakdamix.
2000                       Renamed Nisga’a Village of New Aiyansh (the former name remains
                             in use locally), the Nisga’a Final Agreement of 1999 effective.
2010                       Spelling of locally used name changed to Gitlaxt’aamiks
                             (confirmed 2022).

Head chiefs
c.1856                     "Old" Skoten (Sgat’iin)
bf.1879 - af.1881          Skoten
First chiefs
bf.1885 - af.1899          Abraham Wright
c.1913                     Andrew Mercer
Chiefs
c.1978                     James Gosnell
c.1982                     Roderick Robinson              (b. 1931 - d. 2004)
198. - 1988                Joseph A. Gosnell              (b. 1936 - d. 2020)
1988 - 1990                Percy Tait
1990 - 1996                Herbert Morven (1st time)
1996 - 1998                Reg Percival
1998 - 2000                Herbert Morven (2nd time)
2000 – 2004                Brian Tait
2004 - 2008                Eva Clayton (f)
2008 - 2012                George Williams
2012 – 2016                Gerald Robinson
2016 – 2020                Keith Tait
2020 -                     Calvin Morven



Nuxalk

[Nuxalk Nation (British
                  Columbia, Canada)]

1882                       First of reserves set aside (Bella Coola).
1909 - 1971                Bella Coola Indian agency.
1992                       Renamed Nuxalk Nation.
   
Head chief
bf.1897 - af.1899          Chi-che-law
Chiefs
c.1979                     Archie Pootlass (1st time)
bf.1980 - 1989             Edward Moody (1st time)        (b. 1947 - d. 2010)
1989 - 1991                Archie Pootlass (2nd time)
1991 - 1995                Edward Moody (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1995 - 2001                Archie Pootlass (3rd time)
2001 - 2005                Anfinn C. Siwallace
2005 - 2007                Archie Pootlass (4th time)
2007 - 2011                Spencer Siwallace
2011 - 2013                Andrew Andy
2013 - 2021                Wally Webber

2021 -                     Samuel Schooner


Okanagan

[Okanagan Indian Band
                  (British Columbia, Canada)]

c.1860                     Okanagan people divided - the northern part in British Columbia
                             and the southern part in the U.S. (see under Colville).
1877                       First of reserves set aside (Head of the Lake), designated already
                             in 1865.
1881 - 1969                Okanagan Indian agency (1884–1910 abolished).
1892                       Renamed Nkamaplix (also named Vernon from c.1910).
1920                       Renamed Okanagan.

Head chiefs of Okanagan people
bf.1829 - 1859             Nicola (Hwistesmetxe’qen)       (b. c.1780 – d. 1859)
c.1860                     Chilliheetsa
Chiefs
1865 - 1878                Moise Cinq-Coeur                (d. 1878)
1879 - 1898                Basil William
1898 - 1907                Louis Jim
1907 - 1908                Pierre Michel (Hlakay)(1st time)(b. c.1835 - d. 1918)
1908 - 1909                Isaac Harris
1909 - 1912                Baptiste Logan
1912 - 1915                Pierre Michel (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1915 - 1918                Gaston Louis
1918 - 1961                ....
1961 - 1965                Murray Alexis (1st time)
1965 - 1971                Ernest Brewer
1971 - 1975                Murray Alexis (2nd time)
1975 - 1979                Wilfred Bonneau
1979 - 1981                Murray Alexis (3rd time)
1981 - 1983                Reynold Bonneau (1st time)
1983 - 1991                Murray Alexis (4th time)
1991 - 1993                Albert Saddleman (1st time)
1993 - 1995                Reynold Bonneau (2nd time)
1995 - 1997                Albert Saddleman (2nd time)
1997 - 1999                Reynold Bonneau (3rd time)
1999 - 2003                Don Wilson
2003 - 2005                Lyle Brewer
2005 - 2011                Fabian Alexis
2011 -                     Byron Louis


Prophet River

[Prophet River First Nation
                  (British Columbia, Canada)]

1974                       Separated from Fort Nelson, under the Treaty No. 8 (Prophet River).

Chiefs
1974 - bf.1982             ....
bf.1982 - 2009             Liza Wolf (f)
2009 - 2018                Lynette Tsakoza (f)

2018 - 2021                Kirk L. Tsakoza
2021 -                     Valerie Askoty (f)


Saulteau

[Saulteau First Nation
                  (British Columbia, Canada)]

1914                       Adhesion to the Treaty No.8 of 1899 (Saulteau).

Chiefs

1914 - 19..                John Desjarlais (headman)
19.. - 1935                William Desjarlais            (d. 1935)
c.19..                     Thomas Napoleon
c.19..                     Fred Courtoreille
c.19..                     Johnny Gauthier
c.19..                     Joe Desjarlais
c.19..                     Elmer Davis
c.19..                     Marvin Desjarlais
bf.1982 - af.1988          Jack Davis
198. - 1989                Bud Napoleon
1989 - 1994                Stewart Cameron (1st time)
199. - 1997                Art Napoleon
1997 - 1999                Stewart Cameron (2nd time)

1999 - 2001                Robin Paquette
2001 - 2009                Allan Apsassin
2009 - 2014                Harley Davis
2014 - 2017                Nathan Parenteau
2017 - 2020                Kenneth Cameron
2020 - 2023                Justin F. Napoleon
2023 -                     Rudy Paquette


Squamish
 
[Squamish
                          Nation former flag (British Columbia,
                          Canada)]
Former Squamish Nation Flag
[Squamish Nation flag (British
                              Columbia, Canada)]
Current Squamish Nation Flag

1869                       First of several reserves set aside.
1922 - 1969                Vancouver (from 1965, Fraser) Indian agency established.
1923                       Amalgamation of 5 Squamish bands (Capilano, False Creek,
                             Howe Sound, Mission, Seymour Creek).

Chiefs of Mission (by 1900, the most populous Squamish reserve)
c.1860 - af.1869           Joseph (Snatt)
bf.1897 - af.1916          Harry Joseph
bf.1922 - af.1950          Moses Joseph
Chairmen
1923 - 1959                Council of Chiefs
                            (originally 16 lineages of life chiefs)
1959 - 1969                Simon Baker             (b. 1916 - d. 2001)
1969 - 1981                David Jacobs            (b. 1937)
1981 - 1993                Leslie Harry
Co-chairs
1993 - 2009                Byron Joseph (1st time)
                           + Bill Williams
2009 - 2013                Krisandra Jacobs (f)
                           + Byron Joseph (2nd time)
2013 - 2017                Ann Whonnock (f)
                           + Byron Joseph (3rd time)

2017 - 2021                Kristen Rivers (f)
                           + Joshua Joseph
Chairman
2021 -                     Dustin Rivers (Khelsilem)


West Moberly

1977                       Separated from Halfway River, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (West Moberly).

Chiefs
1977 – 1990                John Dokkie
1990 – 1999                George Desjarlais
1999 -                     Roland Willson


Manitoba


Barren Lands


[Barren Lands First Nation possbile flag
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1906                       Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Barren Lands).

Chiefs
1906 - 1923                Petit Casimir                 (d. 1940)
1923 - 1935                Rene Samuel
1935 - 1948                Donald Isasage
1948 - 1958                Thomas Dettanikkeaze
1958 - 1960                Louis Dettanikkeaze
1960 - 1973                Patrice Hyslop
1973 - 1975                Eugene Bendoni
1976 - 1978                George Bighetty
1978 - 1983                Peter Bighetty
1983 - 1985                Philip K. Michel (1st time)
1985 - 1986                Donald McCallum (1st time)
1986 - 1989                Philip K. Michel (2nd time)
1989 - 1992                John W. Bighetty (1st time)
1992 - 1995                Alfred Bighetty
1995 - 1998                John W. Bighetty (2nd time)
1998 - 2000                Roy Bighetty (1st time)
2000 - 2002                Donald McCallum (2nd time)
2002 - 2006                Archie Halkett
2006 - 2008                John W. Bighetty (3rd time)
2008 - 2010                Russell Halkett
2010 - 2012                Roy Bighetty (2nd time)
2012 - 2014                Delphine I. Bighetty (f)
2014 - 2016                Michael Sewap (1st time)
2016 - 2020                John Clarke 
2020 - 2022                Trina Halkett (f)
2022 - 2024                Michael Sewap (2nd time)
2024 -                     Jonas Sewap



B
erens River
 
[Berens
                                                          River first
                                                          nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Berens River).
1884 – 1904                Berens River Indian Agency established.

Chiefs

1875 - 1916                Jacob Berens                  (b. c.1835 – d. 1916)
1917 - 1947                William Berens                (b. 1866 – d. 1947)
c.1982                     James Semple
c.1987                     Lester O. Everett (1st time)
bf.1988 - af.1990          Andrew Bittern
c.1991                     Lester O. Everett (2nd time)
c.1992                     Elsie Bouchie (f)
bf.1993 - 1995             Arnold M. Ross
1995 - 1997                Lester O. Everett (3rd time)
1997 -  2001               Alfred Everett (1st time)
2001 - 2003                Nancy Whiteway (f)
2003 - af.2005             Alfred Everett (2nd time)
bf.2006  - 2014            George Kemp
2014 - 2016                Jackie Everett (f)
2016 - 2019                Hartley Everett (1st time)
2019 - 2023                Norman McKay 
2023 -                     Hartley Everett (2nd time)


Birdtail Sioux


[Birdtail Sioux First Nation
                (Manitoba, Canada)]

1864                       Arrived from the U.S.
1875                       Birdtail Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty).
1878 - 1949                Birtle Indian Agency established.

Chie
fs
1864 - 1896                Enoch                         (d. 1896)

                             (Mahpiya Hinape "Cloud Appears") 
1896 - af.1899             Vacant
bf.1974 - af.1982          Jack Kasto
bf.1987 - af.1989          Nelson "Kelly" Bunn (1st time)
bf.1990 - af.1992          Henry Skywater (1st time)
bf.1993 - 1995             Nelson
"Kelly" Bunn (2nd time)
1995 - 1997                Henry Skywater (2nd time)
1997 - af.1999             Nelson
"Kelly" Bunn (3rd time)
bf.2001 - af.2003          Murray Clearsky
bf.2005 - 2013             Kenneth B. Chalmers (1st time)
2013 - 2015                Nelson Bunn (3rd time)
2015 - 2021                Kenneth B. Chalmers (2nd time)

2021 -                     Lindsay Bunn


B
lack River (Little Black River)

[Black
                                                          River first
                                                          nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Black River).
c.1950 – 2012              Renamed Little Black River.

Chiefs
1876 - 18..                James Bird
18.. - 1884                Isaac Passage                 (d. 1884)
bf.1896 – af.1899          John Sayer
c.1982                     Victor R. Starr
c.1987                     Oliver Bird
bf.1988 - af.1989          Henry Bird
bf.1990 - af.1997          Franklin Abraham (1st time)
bf.2001 - 2003             Sheldon Kent (1st time)
2003 – af.2005             Franklin Abraham (2nd time)
bf.2007 - 2014             Sheldon Kent (2nd time)
2014 - 2015                Franklin Abraham (3rd time)
2015 -                     Sheldon Kent (3rd time)



B
loodvein

[Bloodvein





























































































































































































































                                                          first nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Bloodvein).

Chiefs           
1876 – af.1899             Peter Stoney (Sakachewayas)
c.1982                     Harry Cook
bf.1987 - af.1990          Frank Young (1st time)
bf.1991 - af.1997          Helen Cook (f)
bf.2000 - 2002             Derek A. Cook (1st time)
2002 - 2004                William Young
2004 - 2006                Roland J. Hamilton (1st time)
2006 - 2008                Craig Cook
2008 - 2010                Frank Young (2nd time)
2010 - 2020                Roland J. Hamilton (2nd time)
2020 - 2022                Derek A. Cook (2nd time)
2022 - 2024                Roland J. Hamilton (3rd time)
2024 -                     Lisa Young (f)


Brokenhead Ojibway Nation


[Brokenhead
                            Ojibway Nation former flag (Manitoba,
                            Canada)]
Former Flag
[Brokenhead
                          Ojibway Nation flag (Manitoba, Canada)]
Current Flag
1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Fort Garry).
1875                       Renamed Brokenhead.
1911 - 1969                Clandeboye Indian Agency established.
1990                       Renamed Brokenhead Ojibway Nation.
2005                       Casino opened.

Chiefs
1871 - 1875                Nashakepenais (1st time)

                             "Flying Dove Bird"
1875 - 1876                Petanaquuap
1876 - 1877                Nashakepenais (2nd time)
1877 - 1878                John Raven
1878 - 1893                Nashakepenais (3rd time)
1894 - af.1899             Squakappow
bf.1982 - af.1988          James Bear (1st time)
bf.1989 - 1992             Wendell Sinclair (1st time)
1992 - 1994                Deborah G. Chief (f) (1st time)
1994 - af.1998             Wendell Sinclair (2nd time)
bf.2000 - 2002             Harvey Olson
2002 - 2006                Tina Levesque (f)
2006 - 2012                Deborah G. Chief (f) (2nd time)
2012 - 2018                James Bear (2nd time)
2018 - 2022                Deborah Smith (f)
2022 -                     Gordon Bluesky


Buffalo Point

[Buffalo Point First
                  Nation flag (Manitoba, Canada)]

1873                       Signed the Treaty No. 3 (Buffalo Bay).
1924                       Renamed Buffalo Point.

Chiefs
1873 - 1900                Ayashawath                    (d. 1900)

1900 - 1906                "Little Thunder"              (d. 1906)
1906 - 1941                Jim "Old" Thunder             (d. 1941)
1941 - 1969                Warren "Shorty" Thunder       (d. 1972)
1969 - 1997                James "Jim" Thunder
1997 -                     John Thunder                  (b. 1960)


Bunibonibee Cree Nation

[Bunibonibee





























































































































































































































                                                          Cree Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1909                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Oxford House).
2004                       Renamed Bunibonibee Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1909 - 19..                Jeremiah Chubb
1975 - 19..                Dorothy Grieves (f)
c.1982                     Dennis Grieves
bf.1987 - af.1989          Tommy Weenusk
bf.1991 - 1993             Gabriel Hart (1st time)
1993 – 1995                Bailey Colon (1st time)
1995 – 1997                Gabriel Hart (2nd time)
1997 – 1999                James Mason
1999 – 2005                Bailey Colon (2nd time)
2005 – 2007                Gabriel Hart (3rd time)
2007 – 2009                Bailey Colon (3rd time)
2009 – 2012                Irvin R. Sinclair (1st time)
2012 - 2013                Timothy J. Muskego (1st time)
2013 - 2015                Irvin R. Sinclair (2nd time)
2015 - 2019                Timothy J. Muskego (2nd time)
2019 -                     Richard Hart


Canupawakpa Dakota

[Canupawakpa Dakota First
                  Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1862                       Arrived from the U.S.
1878                       Oak Lake Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty).
1908 - 1949                Griswold Indian Agency established.
1996                       Renamed Canupawakpa Dakota.

Chiefs

1862 - c.1870              Hda Mani "Rattles Walking"    (b. c.1831 – d. 1912)
c.1870 - af.1877           Weeokeah (Waoke)
c.1885                     Vacant
c.1890                     Haweda
bf.1897 - af.1899          Vacant
c.1974                     Frank Eastman
c.1982                     Wilfred Demas
bf.1987 - af.1988          Kenneth Eastman
bf.1989 - af.1990          Clarence Eastman
c.1991                     Mike Kay (1st time)
c.1992                     Phillip H. Eagle (1st time)
bf.1994 - 1996             Alvina Chaske (f)

1996 - 199.                Mike Kay (2nd time)
c.1997                     Shirley Chaske (f)
bf.2000 - 2002             Noella Eagle (f)
2002 - 2004                Phillip H. Eagle (2nd time)
2004 - 2008                Viola Eastman (f)(1st time)
2008 - 2014                Franklin Brown
2014 - 2016                Delbert Cruise
2016 - 2022                Viola Eastman (f)(2nd time)
2022 - 2023                Lola Thunderchild (f)
2023 -                     Raymond Brown


Chemawawin Cree Nation

[Chemawawin






















































































































































































                                                          Cree Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Chemawawin).
2007                       Renamed Chemawawin Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1875 - af.1899             James Lathlin (headman)
bf.1982 - af.1988          Sam G. George
bf.1989 - 1996             Alphaeus Brass
1996 -                     Clarence Easter


 Cross Lake (Pimicikamak Cree)

[Cross Lake Pimicikamak
                  Cree (Manitoba, Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Cross Lake), confirmed in 1908 (from 1996,
                             identifies
itself as the Pimicikamak Cree Nation).

Chiefs (title Okimahkan)
1875 – 1881                Donald William Sinclair Ross  (b. c.1805 – d. 1881)

                            (Tepastenam)
1882 – 1885                David Ross

1886                       George Garrioch
1887 – 1891                Sandy Garrioch
1892 – 1895                Jacob Ross
1896 – 1899                Thomas Ross
1899 – 1922                Peter Ross
1922 – 1924                Vacant
1924 – 1928                Felix Scott
1929 – 1935                John Ross
1936 – 1939                Albert Sinclair               (b. 1881 – d. 1949)
1940 – 1941                Spence Ross
1941 – 1943                Vacant
1943 – 1953                Henry Beardy (1st time)
1953 – 1955                Bello Ross (1st time)
1955 – 1959                Henry Beardy (2nd time)
1959 – 1961                Samuel McKay (1st time)
1961 – 1963                Sandy Beardy                  (b. 1920 – d. 2001)
1963 – 1965                Bello Ross (2nd time)
1965 – 1967                Charles Sinclair
1967 – 1969                Samuel McKay (2nd time)
1969 – 1972                Walter F. Monias (1st time)
1972 – 1973                Jonah McKay
1973 – 1975                Walter F. Monias (2nd time)
1975 – 1977                Catherine Frances Ross (f)    (b. 1923)
1977 – 1978                Walter F. Monias (3rd time)
1978 – Sep 1981            George M. Ross
Sep 1981 – 1985            Walter F. Monias (4th time)
1985 – 1987                Etienne Robinson              (b. 1945 - d. 2008)
1987 – 1989                Walter F. Monias (5th time)
1989 – 1998                Sydney B. Garrioch
1998 – 1999                Roland Robinson
1999 – 2008                John M. Miswagon              (b. 1964)
Aug 2008 – Dec 2008        Alex J. Robinson
Dec 2008 – 2013            Garrison W. Settee
                             (acting to Sep 2009)
2013 - 2018                Catherine "Cathy" Merrick (f) (b. 1961 - d. 2024)
2018 - 2019                Thomas Monias
2019 -                     David A. Monias



Dakota Plains


[Dakota
                                                          Plains Nation
                                                          (possible)
                                                          flag
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1862                       Arrived from the U.S.
1934                       Long Plain Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty).
1972                       Renamed Dakota Plains.

Chiefs
c.1934 - 19..              ....
bf.1969 - 1994             Ernest Smoke (headman to 1972)(b. c.1938 - d. 1994)
1994 -  5 Oct 2021         Orville Charles Smoke         (b. 1947 - d. 2021)
2021 -                    
Donny Smoke 

Dakota Tipi

[Dakota
                                                          Tipi First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1972                       Separated from Dakota Plains (no treaty).

Chiefs
1972 - 1977                ....
1977 - 2002                Dennis Pashe (1st time)
2002 - 2012                Cornell M. Pashe
2012 - 2016                David L. Pashe
2016 - 2018                Keith Pashe

2018 - 2022                Eric Pashe
2022 -                     Dennis Pashe (2nd time)

Dauphin River

[Dauphin
                                                          River first
                                                          nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1982                       Separated from Little Saskatchewan, under the Treaty
                             No. 2 (Dauphin River).

Chiefs
1982 - 198.                Joe Anderson
bf.1987 - af.1992          Emery Stagg (1st time)
bf.1994 - 1996             Allan Summer
1996 - 2013                Emery Stagg (2nd time)
2013 - 2021                John Stagg

2021 -                     Lawrence Letander


Ebb and Flow


[Ebb and Flow First Nation (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]
Current Flag
1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Ebb and Flow).
1877 - 1968                Manitowapah (from 1948, Dauphin) Indian Agency established.

Chiefs

1871 - 1874                Francois Richard              (d. 1874)

                             (Kanahgonash "Broken Finger")  
1874 - 1882                Albert Richard                (b. c.1851 – d. 1882)

                             (Penaisse "Bird") 
1883 - 1887                Baptiste Houle                (b. c.1836 – d. 18..)
1887 - 1922                Joseph Houle                  (b. c.1841 – d. 19..)
1923 - 1930                ....
1930 - 1938                William Mancheese
1938 - 1940                Vacant
1940 - 1958                Abraham Houle
1958 - 1962                ....
1962 - 1964                Willie Mancheese
1964 - 1972                ....
1972 - 1976                James R. Mancheese
c.1982                     John St.Paul
bf.1987 - 1996             Alfred Beaulieu
1996 - af.1998             Louis Malcolm
bf.2000 - 2010             Ralph Beaulieu
2010 - 2016                Nelson Houle
2016 -                     Wayne Desjarlais



Fisher River

[Fisher
                                                          Lake Cree
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1877                       Separated from Norway House, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (Fisher River).

Chiefs

1877 – 1904                David Rundle                  (d. 1904)
1905 – 1917                John Cochrane
1917 – 1921                Joseph Everett
1921 – 1922                Moses McKay
1922 – 1925                Daniel Cochrane
1926 – 1931                James Murdock (1st time)
1931 – 1937                Jeremiah Rundle
1938 – 1940                James Murdock (2nd time)
1940 – 1945                Alex Hudson
1945 – 1953                James Murdock (3rd time)
1953 – 1959                Charles Sinclair (1st time)
1959 – 1963                Solomon Mallett (1st time)
1963 – 1964                George Sinclair
1965 – 1967                Isaac Cochrane
1967 – 1969                Solomon Mallett (2nd time)
1969 – 1973                Charles Sinclair (2nd time)
1973 – 1989                Wesley Hart
1989 – 1991                David G. Crate (1st time)
1991 – 1995                Lorne Cochrane
1995 – 2001                David G. Crate (2nd time)
2001 – 2003                Sam Murdock
2003 -                     David G. Crate (3rd time)

 
Fort Alexander

[Fort
                                                          Alexander
                                                          -Sagkeeng
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Fort Alexander).
2009                       Sagkeeng First Nation name informally adopted.

Chiefs

1871 - 1897                William Mann                  (d. 1897)

                             (Kakekapenais "Bird Forever")   
1898 - 1922                William Mann, Jr.             (d. 1922)
1922 - 1926                Vacant
1926 - 1929                James Joseph
1929 - 1930                Joseph Kent
1930 - 1933                Joseph Courchene
1933 - 1938                Xavier Spence
1938 - 1946                John Thompson (1st time)
1946 - 1947                Paul Courchene (1st time)
1947 - 1952                John Thompson (2nd time)
1952 - 1954                William C. Bruyere
1954 - 1958                Paul Courchene (2nd time)
1958 - 1960                Edward Henderson
1960 - 1962                Paul Courchene (3rd time)
1962 - 1964                Gordon Bruyere
1964 - 1966                Albert Fontaine
1966 - 1968                David Courchene               (b. 1926 – d. 1992)
1968 - 1969                Andrew J. Sinclair
1969 - 1972                George Guimond
1972 - 1976                L. Phillip Fontaine           (b. 1944)

1976 - 1978                Lawrence Morriseau
1978 - 1980                Ted J. Fontaine
1980 - 1982                Edwin H. Bruyere
1982                       Perry Fontaine (acting)
1982 - 1989                Kenneth Courchene
1989 - 1998                Jerry Fontaine
1998 - 2001                Ronald Fontaine (acting to 1999)
2001 - 2004                Garry Swampy
2004 - 2005                Joseph Daniels (acting)
2005 - 2007                Linda J. Twoheart (f)
2007 - 2015                Donavan C. Fontaine
2015 - 2023                Derrick Henderson

2023 -                     Elmer "E.J." Fontaine 


Fox Lake

[Fox Lake
                                                          first nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1947                       Separated from York Factory, under the Treaty No. 5 (Fox Lake).

Chiefs
1947 - 19..                ....
c.1975                     Thomas Nepetaybo (1st time)
bf.1982 - af.1991          Robert Wavey (1st time)
c.1992                     Thomas Nepetaybo (2nd time)
199. - 1993                Robert Wavey (2nd time)
1993 – 1995                Norman Kirkness (1st time)
1995 - 1996                Robert Wavey (3rd time)
1996 - af.1997             Norman Kirkness (2nd time)
bf.2000 - 2002             Ralph Beardy
2002 - 2005                Robert Wavey (4th time)
2005 - 2010                George Neepin
2010 - 2012                Shirley Neepin (f)
2012 - 2019                Walter Spence
2019 - 2020                Billy Beardy
2020 -                     Morris Beardy     


Gambler

[Gambler First Nation former flag (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]
Former Flag
[Gambler
                          First Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]
Adopted 2019?
1881                       Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4 (Gambler).

Chiefs

1881 - 1907                John Tanner (headman)         (d. 1916)
                             (Atakawinin "The Gambler")
1907 - 1975                Vacant
bf.1982 - af.1990          James J. Tanner (1st time)
bf.1991 - 1992             Louis Tanner (1st time)
1992 – 199.                Albert Tanner
bf.1994 - 1996             James J. Tanner (2nd time)
1996 - af.1998             Louis Tanner (2nd time)
c.2005                     Kenny Ducharme
bf.2007 - 2008             George Tanner
2008 - 2013                Gordon Ledoux
2013 -                     David A. Ledoux


Garden Hill 

[Garden
                                                          Hill First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1909                       Adherence to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Island Lake Band).
1958 – 1970                Island Lake Indian Agency established.
1969                       Renamed Garden Hill.

Chiefs
1909 - 1917                George Knott
1917 – 1920                Vacant
1920 – 1928                Allan Wood
1929 – 1930                James Loonfoot
1931 - 1953                Henry Fiddler                   (b. 1890 – d. 1976)
1953 – 1954                Sandy Flett
1955 – 1963                Alfred McDougall (1st time)
1963 – 1967                Zackius Harper
1967 – 1968                Alfred McDougall (2nd time)
1968 – 1969                Charlie Knott (1st time)
1969 – 1970                Isaiah Harper (1st time)
1970 – 1974                Charlie Knott (2nd time)
1974 – 1976                Isaiah Harper (2nd time)
1976 – 1980                Charlie Knott (3rd time)
1980 – 1982                George Munroe
1982 – 1984                Larry E. Monias
1984 – 1988                Percy Flett
1988 – 1989                Isaiah Harper (3rd time)
1989 – 1991                Jack Fiddler (1st time)
1991 – 1995                Geordie Little
1995 - 1996                Jack Fiddler (2nd time)
1996 – 1997                Harvey Fiddler
1997 – 1998                Larry Monias
1998 - 2000                David Harper (1st time)
2000 - 2002                Darcy Wood
2002 - 2004                Russell Harper
2004 - 2006                David Harper (2nd time)
2006 - 2008                Dino Flett (1st time)     
2008 -  Aug 2009           David Harper (3rd time)
2009 - 2013                Dino Flett (2nd time)
 8 Feb 2013 - Mar 2014     Buddy Beardy
2014 - 2016                Arnold Flett
2016 - 2021                Dino Flett (3rd time)
2021 - 2024                Charles Knott
2024 -                     Dino Flett (4th time)



God's Lake
 
[God's
                                                          Lake Cree
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1909                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (God's Lake).

Chiefs
1909 – 19..                Peter Watt
c.1982                     Douglas Hastings
bf.1987 - af.1988          David Nazzie
c.1989                     Alex Okemow
bf.1990 - af.1992          Peter Watt (1st time)
bf.1994 - 1996             Thomas Clarke
1996 – 199.                Peter Watt (2nd time)
c.1997                     Peter Andrews
bf.2000 - 2004             Gilbert G. Andrews (1st time)
2004 – 2006                Eugene Captain
2006 – 2010                Gilbert G. Andrews (2nd time)
2010 – 2012                Peter Watt (3rd time)
2012 - 2020                Gilbert G. Andrews (3rd time)
2020 - 2024                Hubert Watt
2024 -                     Gilbert G. Andrews (4th time)


Hollow Water

[Hollow Water first nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1884                       Separated from Bloodvein, under the Treaty No. 5 (Hollow Water).

Chiefs
bf.1896 - 1899             Henry Black (headman)
1899 - 19..                John Hardisty
bf.1982 - af.1992          Roderick Bushie (1st time)     (b. 1953 – d. 2013)
bf.1994 - 1996             Larry Barker (1st time)
1996 - af.1998             Roderick Bushie (2nd time)     (s.a.)
bf.2000 - af.2002          Larry Barker (2nd time)
bf.2004 - 2008             Ian Bushie
2008 - 2014                Larry Barker (3rd time)
2014 - 2016                Derek L. Bushie
2016 -                     Larry Barker (4th time)


Keeseekoowenin

[Keeseekoowenin

























































































































































                                                          Ojibway Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Riding Mountain).
1875                       Renamed Keeseekoowenin.

Chiefs

1871 - 1875                Mekis "Eagle"                 (d. 1875)
1875 - 1906                Moses Burns (Keeseekoowenin)  (b. c.1818 – d. 1906)
1906 – 19..                George Bone
c.1982                     George Blackbird
bf.1987 - af.1989          Norman B. Bone (1st time)
c.1990                     Randy Bone
bf.1991 - 1997             Harry Bone
1997 - af.2003             Dwayne Blackbird (1st time)
bf.2005 - 2013             Norman B. Bone (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                James Plewak
2015 - 2023                Norman B. Bone (3rd time)
2023 -                     Dwayne Blackbird (2nd time) 


Kinonjeoshtegon

[Kinonjeoshtegon





























































































































































































































                                                          first nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1884                       Separated from Bloodvein, under the Treaty No. 5 (Jackhead).
1997/2001                  Renamed Kinonjeoshtegon.

Chiefs
1884 - af.1899             James Sinclair (headman)
bf.1982 - af.1990          William Traverse (1st time)
bf.1991 - af.1992          Bert Traverse (1st time)
bf.1993 - 1995             William Traverse (2nd time)
1995 - 1997                Bert Traverse (2nd time)
1997 - af.1999             William Traverse (3rd time)
bf.2001 - 2021             David Traverse
2021 - 2023                Rod Traverse
2023 -                     Tony Traverse


Lake Manitoba

[Lake
                                                          Manitoba First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Lake Manitoba).

Chiefs
1871 - af.1875             Sonsonse "Little Long Ears"
1879 - af.1899             Maytwayahsung
c.1982                     Angus Swan
bf.1987 - af.1992          Raymond Swan
bf.1994 - af.2002          Florence McLean (f)
bf.2004 - 2006             Robert Maytwayashing
2006 - 2008                Larry Swan
2008 - 2014                Barry Swan
2014 -                     Cornell McLean


Lake St. Martin

[Lake St.
                                                          Martin First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Lake St. Martin).

Chiefs
1871 - 1903                Masahkeeyash
c.1982                     Alexander Marsden
bf.1987 - af.1992          David E. Traverse (1st time)
bf.1994 - 1996             Norman Traverse (1st time)
1996 - 199.                David E. Traverse (2nd time)
c.1997                     Norman Traverse (2nd time)
bf.2000 - af.2002          Jeremiah Marsden
bf.2004 - 2006             Peter G. Ross
2006 - 2010                Tony Marsden
2010 - 2022                Adrian E. Sinclair 
2022 - 2024                Christopher Traverse
2024 -                     Brad Beardy


Little Grand Rapids

[Little
                                                          Grand Rapids
                                                          first nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1930                       Separated from Berens River, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (Little Grand Rapids).

Chiefs
1930 - 19..                ....
c.1982                     John J. Leveque
bf.1987 - af.1989          Emil Keeper
bf.1990 - af.1992          Oliver Owens (1st time)
bf.1993 - 1995             Roy Dunsford (1st time)
1995 - 1997                Oliver Owens (2nd time)
1997 - 2001                Roy Dunsford (2nd time)
2001 - af.2005             Raymond E. Keeper (1st time)
bf.2007 - 2011             Martin Owens (1st time)
2011 - 2013                Roy Dunsford (3rd time)
2013 - 2015                Martin Owens (2nd time)
2015
- 2017                Roy Dunsford (4th time)
2017 - 2021                Raymond E. Keeper (2nd time)
2021 - 2023                Oliver Owens (3rd time)
2023 -                     Clinton Keeper


Little Saskatchewan

[Little Saskatchewan First Nation (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1878                       Separated from Pinaymootang, under the Treaty No. 2
                             (Little Saskatchewan).

Chiefs
1878 - 18..                William A. Anderson
1891 - af.1899             Philip Anderson
bf.1982 - af.1987          Clifford Shorting
bf.1988 - af.1990          Dennis Shorting
bf.1991 - 2011             Hector Shorting (1st time)
2011 - 2013                Gerald Anderson
2013 -                     Hector Shorting (2nd time)


Long Plain

[Long
                                                          Plain First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Portage).
1876                       Renamed Long Plain.
1877 - 1968                Portage La Prairie Indian Agency established.

Chiefs

1871 - 1875                Osawaskokwanepi
"Yellow Quill"(b. 18.. - d. 1910)
1876 - 1916                Keeshkeemaquah "Short Bear"   (b. 1859 - d. 1916)
1916 – 1924                Charles Assiniboine
1924 - 1936                Frank H. Merrick
1936 - 1943                Joseph Myran                  (b. 1868 – d. 1946)
1943 - 1948                Joseph Yellowquill
1948 - 1953                George Daniels (1st time)
1953 - 1955                Ben Meeches (1st time)
1955                       George Daniels (2nd time)
1955 - 1959                Ben Meeches (2nd time)
1959 - 1961                Rufus Prince
1961 - 1963                George Daniels (3rd time)
1963 - 1965                George Myran
1965 - 1967                Louis Daniels
1967 - 1973                William Myran
1973 - 1974                Marlene Peters (f)            (b. 1953 - d. 2011)
1974 - 1976                Raymond Meeches
1975 - 1976                Angus Merrick
1976 - 1978                Sam Myran
1978 - 1984                Ernest Daniels
1984 - 1986                Stan Myran
1986 - 1990                John Meeches
1990 - 1996                Peter Yellowquill
1996 – 1998                Marvin Daniels
1998 - 2009                Dennis Meeches (1st time)
2009 - 2013                David Meeches (1st time)
2013 - 2022                Dennis Meeches (2nd time)
2022 - 2024                Kyra Wilson (f)
2024 -                     David Meeches (2nd time)


Manto Sipi Cree Nation (God's River)

[Manto
                                                          Sipi Cree
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1976                       Separated from God's Lake, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (God's River).
2001                       Renamed Manto Sipi Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1976 - 19..                ....
c.1981                     Percy Okimow
bf.1982 - af.1990          Moses Okimow (1st time)
c.1991                     Marcel Okemaw (1st time)
bf.1992 - 1996             John R. Yellowback
1996 - 199.                Marcel Okemaw (2nd time)
c.1997                     Marcel R. Yellowback (1st time)
bf.2001 - 2003             Roger Ross (1st time)
2003 - 2005                Moses Okimow (2nd time)
2005 - 2008                Roger Ross (2nd time)
2008 - 2010                Oliver Okemow (1st time)
2010 - 2016                Michael R. Yellowback (2nd time)
2016 - 2020                Oliver Okemaw (2nd time)
2020 - 2022                John Ross
2022 -                     Michael R. Yellowback (3rd time)


Marcel Colomb

[Marcel
                                                          Colomb First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1995                       Separated from Mathias Colomb, under the Treaty No. 6
                             (Marcel Colomb).

Chiefs
1995 - 1998                John Colomb
1998 - 2004                Andrew H. Colomb (1st time)
2004 - 2007                Douglas Hart (1st time)
2007 - 2015                Andrew H. Colomb (2nd time)
2015 - 2016                Douglas Hart (2nd time)
2016 - 2019                Priscilla Colomb (f)

2019 - 2024                Christopher Colomb
2024                       Douglas Hart (3rd time)
2024 -                     Delhia Hart (f)


Mathias Colomb

[Mathias
                                                          Colomb Cree
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1910                       Separated from Peter Ballantyne, under the Treaty No. 6
                             (Mathias Colomb).

Chiefs

1910 - 1932                Mathias Colomb                (d. 1932)
1932                       Jerome Colomb
1932 - 1933                Jacob Ballantyne
1933 - 1959                Solomon Colomb
1959 - 1961                Isaac Linklater
1961 - 1964                Joe Bighetty
1964 - 1967                Cornelius Ballantyne
1967 - 1970                Luke Dumas
1970 - 1971                Dominique Hart
1971 - 1974                Gabriel Bighetty
1974 - 1978                Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty    (b. 1951)

                             (1st time)
1978 - 1979                Mathias Sinclair
1979 - 1982                Hyacinth Colomb
1982 - 1986                Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1986 - 1988                Frank Dumas
1988 - 1992                Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty    (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1992 - 1996                Ralph Caribou
1996 - 1998                Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty    (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
1998 - 2008                Shirley Castell (f)
2008 - 2018                Arlen Dumas
2018 - 2022                Lorna Bighetty (f)
2022 -                     Gordon Bear


Misipawistik Cree Nation (Grand Rapids)

[Misipawistik





























































































































































































































                                                          Cree Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Grand Rapids).
2013                       Renamed Misipawistik Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1876 - 1897                Peter Beardy
1897 - af.1899             John Turner
c.1982                     Esau Turner (1st time)
bf.1987 - af.1988          Patsy Turner (f)
bf.1989 - af.1990          Esau Turner (2nd time)
bf.1991 - af.1997          Harold Turner (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2001             Douglas Ballantyne
2001 - af.2003             Harold Turner (2nd time)
2005 - 2011                Ovide Mercredi                 (b. 1946)
2011 - 2020                Harold Turner (3rd time)
2020 -                     Heidi Cook (f)


Mosakahiken Cree Nation

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1876 (Moose Lake).
1996/97                    Renamed Mosakahiken Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1876 - af.1899             Otinekimow
c.1982                     Russel G. Tobacco
c.1987                     Ralph Nasekabow
bf.1988 - af.1991          Jim Tobacco (1st time)
bf.1992 - 1996             Philip Buck (1st time)
1996 - 199.                Jim Tobacco (2nd time)
bf.1997 - af.2002          Philip Buck (2nd time)
bf.2004 - 2006             Jerry R. Campbell
2006 - 2008                Philip Buck (3rd time)
2008 - 2010                Jim Tobacco (3rd time)
2010 - 2014                Philip Buck (4th time)
2014 - 2020                Jim Tobacco (4th time)
2020 -                     Vincent Bercier


Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation

[Nisichawayasihk



































































































































































                                                          Cree Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1908                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Nelson House).
1948 - 1966                Nelson River Indian Agency established.
2002                       Renamed Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1908 - 1916                Peter Moose
1916 - 1926                Joseph Hartie
1926 - 1932                Albert Moose
1932 - 1935                Matthew Wood
1935 - 1938                Richard Hartie (1st time)
1938 - 1944                Angus Bonner
1944 - 1946                Richard Muswagon
1946 - 1947                Gilbert McDonald (1st time)
1947 - 1948                Miles Hart
1948 - 1953                Richard Hartie (2nd time)
1953 - 1957                Kenneth Spence (1st time)
1957 - 1958                Thomas Linklater (1st time)
1958 - 1961                Kenneth Spence (2nd time)
1961 - 1963                Gilbert McDonald (2nd time)
1963 - 1965                Lawrence Spence
1965 - 1968                Thomas Linklater (2nd time)
1968 - 1970                Kenneth Spence (3rd time)
1970 - 1972                Nelson Linklater (1st time)
1972 - 1974                Patrick R. Spence (1st time)
1974 - 1976                Peter H. Spence
1976 - 1978                Nelson Linklater (2nd time)
1978 - 1990                Patrick R. Spence (2nd time)
1990 - 1994                Norman Linklater
1994 - 2006                Jerry S. Primrose (1st time)
2006 - 2010                Jim Moore
2010 - 2014                Jerry S. Primrose (2nd time)
2014 - 2022                Marcel Moody
2022 -                     Angela Levasseur (f)


Northlands Denesuline

[Northlands





























































































































































































































                                                          Denesuline
                                                          Fist Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1980                       Separated from Barren Lands, under the Treaty No. 10
                             (Northlands).
2002                       Renamed Northlands Denesuline.

Chiefs
bf.1981 - af.1991          Jerome Denechezhe (1st time)
c.1992                     Simon Samuel
bf.1993 - af.1995          David Dantouze
bf.1997 - 1999             Jerome Denechezhe (2nd time)
1999 - 2001                John Dantouze
2001 - 2005                Joe Hyslop
2005 - 2011                Joseph Dantouze
2011 - 2013                Joe Antsanen (1st time)
2013 - 2015                Leo Dettanikkeaze
2015 - 2017                Council
2017 - 2019                Joe Antsanen (2nd time)
2019 -                     Simon Denechezhe



Norway House Cree Nation

[Norway House Cree
                  (Manitoba, Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Norway House), confirmed in 1908.
1877 – 1972                Norway House Indian Agency established (1884-1904 closed).
2001                       Renamed Norway House Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1875 - 1877                David Rundle                  (d. 1904)  
1877 - 1898                Thomas Balfour                (d. 1898)
1899 - 1907                Albert Sinclair               (d. 1907)
c.1908                     Sandy Sanders
Nov 1971 - 1975            Jean Folster (f)              (b. 1922 - d. 1994)
1975 - af.1976             Ken Albert
bf.1980 - af.1983          Maggie Balfour (f)
bf.1984 - af.1985          Walter Apetagon
1986 - 1996                Alan James Ross
1996 -  Aug 2005           Ronald Evans (1st time)       (b. 1958)
Aug 2005 - 16 Mar 2006     Fred Muskego (acting)
16 Mar 2006 - 2008         Marcel Balfour
Aug 2008 - 2010            Ronald Evans (2nd time)       (s.a.)
30 Mar 2010 - 17 Mar 2011  Eric Apetagon
2011 - 2018                Ronald Evans (3rd time)       (s.a.)
2018 -                     Larson Anderson


O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi

[O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi

























































































































































































                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1879                       Separated from Ebb and Flow, under the Treaty No. 2
                             (Crane River).
1996/97                    Renamed O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi.

Chiefs (to af.1914, Headmen)
1879 - 1898                Ahyahpeetahpeetung
1898 - af.1899             Ahyangekeesigowenin
c.1982                     Terry McDonald
bf.1987 - af.1998          John H. McDonald
bf.2000 - 2008             Wallace Moar
2008 - 2010                Delbert McKay
2010 - 2012                Hazel Moar (f)
2012 - 2016                Eugene Eastman (1st time)
2016 - 2018                Stephanie Blackbird (f)
2018 - 2021                Eugene Eastman (2nd time)
2021 -                     Kerwin Chaboyer


O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation

[O-Pipon-Na-Piwin









































































































































































































                                                          Cree Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

2005                       Separated from Nisichawayasihk, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation).

Chiefs
2005 - 2011                Chris Baker (1st time)
2011 - 2014                Jack Dysart
2014 - 2018                Chris Baker (2nd time)
2018 -                     Shirley Ducharme (f)


Opaskwayak Cree Nation

[Opaskwayak Cree Nation
                  (Manitoba, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (The Pas).
1884 – 1966                The Pas Indian Agency established.
1995                       Renamed Opaskwayak Cree Nation.
2002                       Casino opened.

Chiefs
1876 - 1885                John Constant                 (d. af.1890)
1885 - 1924                Antoine Constant
1924 - 1939                Patrick Constant
1939 - 1945                Louis McGillivary
1945 - 1965                Cornelius Bignell        
1965 - 1967                John Young
1967 - 1975                Gordon W. Lathlin             (b. 1933 – d. 1976)
1975 - 1985                Charles G. Constant (1st time)
1985 - 1989                Oscar Lathlin                 (b. 1947 – d. 2008)
1989 - 1991                Charles G. Constant (2nd time)
1991 - 1997                Francis Flett (1st time)      (b. 1949 – d. 2006)
1997 - 1999                William G. Lathlin
1999 - 2005                Frank J. Whitehead
2005 - 2006                Francis Flett (2nd time)      (s.a.)
2006 - 2009                Norman G. Ross
2009 - 2016                Michael L. Constant
2016 - 2021                Christian Sinclair
2021 - 2023               
Sidney Ballantyne
2023 -                     Maureen Brown (f)


Pauingassi

1991                       Separated from Little Grand Rapids, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (Pauingassi).

Chiefs
bf.1992 - af.1995          Joe Owens
c.1997                     Allister Crow
c.2001                     Roderick Pascal
bf.2002 - af.2004          Moses Owens
bf.2005 - 2014             Harold Crow
2014 - 2020                Michael Owens
2020 -                     Roddy Owens


Peguis
[Peguis Band
                          (Manitoba, Canada)]
Adopted 1990's

1817                       Treaty of alliance with the British by the Red River
                             Saulteaux (Ojibwa).
1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 1 (St. Peter's).
1876 - 1968                Clandeboye (from 1911, Fisher River) Indian Agency established.
1909                       Renamed Peguis.

Head chiefs of Red River Saulteaux
c.1810 - 1864              Peehquaais "Little Chip"      (b. 1774 - d. 1864)

                             (from 1838, William King)    
1864 - 1871                Henry Prince                  (b. 1819 – d. 1899)
                             (Miskokenew "Red Eagle")
Chiefs

1871 - 1882                Henry Prince (1st time)       (s.a.)
1882 - 1888                William Prince
1888 - 1891                Henry Prince (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1891 - 1897                William Asham                 (b. 1853 – d. af.1932)
1897 - 1899                Henry Prince (3rd time)       (s.a.)
1899 - 1903                William H. Prince (1st time)  (b. 1848 – d. 19..)
1903 - 1905                John H. Prince                (b. 1858 – d. 1910)
1905 - 1911                William H. Prince (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1911 - 1917                Albert Rose
1917 - 1923                William Pahkoo
1923 - 1926                Thomas John Stevenson
1926 - 1929                Fred Thomas
1929 - 1932                Alex Greyeyes
1932 - 1935                Robert Sinclair
1935 - 1941                Nathaniel Asham (1st time)
1941 - 1944                Albert Edward Prince
1944 - 1947                Alex Williams                 (d. 1947)
1947 - 1953                Nathaniel Asham (2nd time)
1953 - 1955                Alex Sinclair
1955 - 1961                Campbell Sutherland
1961 - 1973                Albert Edward Thompson        (b. 1900 - d. 1973)
1973 - 1981                Jack Sinclair
1981 - 2007                Louis John Stevenson          (b. 1950 - d. 2014)
2007 - 2015                Glenn A. Hudson (1st time)
2015 - 2017                Cindy Spence (f)
2017 - 2023                Glenn A. Hudson (2nd time)
2023 -                     Stanley Bird


Pinaymootang

[Pinaymootang First
                    Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Fairford).
1997/2001                  Renamed Pinaymootang.

Chiefs
1871 - af.1899             Richard Woodhouse
bf.1982 - af.1989          Edward Anderson (1st time)
bf.1990 - af.1991          Andrew Anderson (1st time)
bf.1992 - 1995             Edward Anderson (2nd time)
1995 - af.1997             Andrew Anderson (2nd time)
bf.2001 - 2015             Garnet Woodhouse (1st time)
2015 - 2017                Barry Anderson
2017 - 2021                Garnet Woodhouse (2nd time)
2021 -                     Kurvis Anderson


Minegoziibe Anishinabe (Pince Creek)

[Pine Creek First Nation
                    (Manitoba, Canada)]

1880                       Separated from Keeseekoose, under the Treaty No. 4 (Duck Bay).
1887                       Renamed Pine Creek.
2024                       Renamed Minegoziibe Anishinabe.

Chiefs (to 1914, Headmen)
1880 - 1881                Jean-Baptiste Napakisit
                             (Quenezane)(1st time)
1881 - 1886                Joseph Beauchamp
1887 - 1919                Jean-Baptiste Napakisit
                             (2nd time)
1920 - 1944                Joe Gambler                     (d. 1944)
1944 - 1956                Theodore Flatfoot
                             (acting to 1946)
1956 - 1960                Jerome Nepinak
1960 - 1968                Arsene Contois
1968 - 1970                Robert Contois
1970 - 1976                Daniel Nepinak                  (d. 1976)
1976 - 1982                Norbert Abigosis
1982 - 1984                Clifford McKay (1st time)
1984 - 1986                Hank Blackbird
1986 - 1994                Clifford McKay (2nd time)
1994 - 1996                Thomas J. Nepinak
1996 - 2004                Clifford McKay (3rd time)
2004 - 2008                Billyjo DeLaRonde
2008 - 2011                Derek Nepinak (1st time)
2011 - 2017                Charlie W. Boucher
                             (acting to 2013)
2017 - 2021                Karen Batson (f)
2021 -                     Derek Nepinak (2nd time)


Poplar River

[Poplar River First Nation
                  (Manitoba, Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Poplar River).

Chiefs
1875 - 1923                Jacob Nanowin (headman)       (d. 1923)
c.1926                     Miles Michel
c.1933                     Cuthbert Nanowin
c.1953                     Alex Hudson (1st time)
1956 - 1958                Gordon Bittern (1st time)
1958 - 1960                Jacob Bruce
1960 - 1962                Alex Hudson (2nd time)
1962 - 1968                Gordon Bittern (2nd time)
1968 - 1971                Alex H. Hudson (1st time)     (b. 1928 - d. 2010)
1971 - 1972                Philip Bruce
1972 - 1974                Gordon Bittern (3rd time)
1974 - 1975                George Boyd
1975 - 1976                Jacob Green
1976 - 1977                Norman W. Bruce
1977 - 1982                Albert Bittern
1982 - 1988                Alex H. Hudson (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1988 - 1992                Vera Mitchell (f) (1st time)
1992 - 1994                Alex H. Hudson (3rd  time)    (s.a.)
1994 - 1998                Russell Lambert (1st time)
1998 - 2002                Vera Mitchell (f) (2nd time)
2002 - 2010                Russell Lambert (2nd time)
2010 - 2011                Clifford W. Bruce
2011 - 2012                Guy Douglas
2012 - 2013                Russell Lambert (3rd time)
2013 - 2014                Vera Mitchell (f) (3rd time)   
2014 - 2016                Russell Lambert (4th time)
2016 - 2024                Vera Mitchell (f) (4th time)
2024 -                     Tanya Bittern (f)


Red Sucker Lake

[Red Sucker Lake First Nation former
                            flag (Manitoba, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Red Sucker
                          Lake First Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]
Current Flag

1969                       Separated from Garden Hill, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (Red Sucker Lake).

Chiefs
1969 - 1978                ....
1978 - 1982                Elijah Harper                 (b. 1949 – d. 2013)
bf.1987 - af.1988          Leonard McDougall
bf.1989 - af.1990          Joshua Harper
c.1991                     John H. Harper (1st time)
bf.1992 - 1995             Fred Harper (1st time)
1995 - af.1997             John H. Harper (2nd time)
bf.1999 - 2001             Wesley Harper
2001 - 2003                Goliath Harper
2003 - 2005                Fred Harper (2nd time)
2005 - 2007                Eli Harper
2007 - 2013                Larry Knott
2013 - 2014                Leslie Harper
2014 - 2017                Greg Harper
2017 -                     Samuel Knott


Rolling River

[Rolling River First Nation (Manitoba,
                            Canada)]

1882                       Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4
                             (Rolling River).

Chief
1882 - 189.                Shawanequanape "South Quill"
                             (headman)
bf.1897 - af.1899          Vacant
af.1982 - af.1998          Dennis Whitebird
bf.2000 - af.2006          Morris Swan-Shannacappo (1st time)
2007 - 2012                Wilfred C. McKay (1st time)
2012 - 2016                Morris Swan-Shannacappo (2nd time)
2016 - 2020                Michael McKay
2020 -                     Wilfred C. McKay (2nd time)


Roseau River Anishinabe

[Roseau River Anishinabe
                    First Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1871                       Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Pembina).
1875                       Renamed Roseau River.
2002                       Renamed Roseau River Anishinabe.

Chiefs
1871 - 1885                Kawetayash "Flying Round"
1886 - 1892                Ahneoom
1892 - 1914                Antoine
1915 - 1930                Nashwasoop
1931 - 1937                Tom Henry
1937 - 1953                Vacant
1953 - 1955                John James (1st time)
1955 - 1957                John Jim
1957 - 1959                Albert Henry (1st time)
1959 - 1965                John James (2nd time)
1965 - 1967                Albert Henry (2nd time)
1967 - 1969                John James (3rd time)
1969 - 1971                Clarence Henry
1971 - 1973                Scotty Meeshenow
1973 - 1975                Oliver Nelson
1975 - 1977                Felix Antoine (1st time)
1977 - 1979                Stanley Nelson
1979 - 1983                Felix Antoine (2nd time)
1983 – 1989                Carl Roberts
1989 - 1991                Vincent Pierre
1991 - 1995                Lawrence Henry
1995 - 1999                Felix Antoine (3rd time)
1999 - 2001                Edward Hayden
2001 - 2003                Felix Antoine (4th time)
2003 - 2011                Terrance Nelson
2011 - 2015                Ken Henry
2015 - 2017                Alfred Hayden
2017 - 2023                Craig Alexander
2023 -                     Gary Roberts


St. Theresa Point

[St. Theresa Point first
                  nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1969                       Separated from Garden Hill, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (St. Theresa Point).

Chiefs
1969 - 19..                ....
bf.1982 - af.1987          Joe G. Wood (1st time)
bf.1988 - af.1990          Ken Wood (1st time)
bf.1991 - af.1992          Jack Flett (1st time)
199. - 1994                Joe G. Wood (2nd time)
1994 - 1996                Jack Flett (2nd time)
1996 - af.1998             Ken Wood (2nd time)
bf.1999 - 2001             Reggie Mason
2001 - 2003                David McDougall (1st time)
2003 - 2005                Jack Wood
2005 - 2007                David McDougall (2nd time)
2007 - 2008                Robert Flett
2008 - 2012                David McDougall (3rd time)
2012 - 2014                Eugene Wood
2014 - 2019                David McDougall (4th time)
2019 - 2021                Marie A. Wood (f)
2021 - 2023                Elvin Flett
2023 -                     Raymond Flett


Sandy Bay

[Sandy Bay First
                    Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1876                       Separated from Long Plain, under the Treaty No. 1 (Sandy Bay).

Chiefs
1876 - 1883                Nanawachewacapow "Big Sweetgrass" (d. 1883)
1884 - 1886                Francois Desmarais
1886 - 1893                Vacant
1893 - 1913                Antoine Mousseau
1914 - 1931                Michael Levasseur
1931 - 1936                Louis Prince
1936 - 1939                Vacant
1939 - 1951                George Sutherland (1st time)
1951 - 1952                Harold Mousseau
1952 - 1956                Adelarde Houle
1956 - 1965                John Beaulieu
1965 - 1969                George Sutherland (2nd time)
1969 - 1978                Howard Starr
1978 - 1984                Angus Starr (1st time)
1984 - 1986                Raymond Beaulieu
1986 - 1990                Harry Desjarlais
1990 - 1994                Angus Starr (2nd time)
1994 - 1996                James Spence
1996 - 1998                Dennis Roulette
1998 - 2003                John P. Spence (1st time)
2003 - 2006                Irvin McIvor (1st time)
2006 – 2008                John P. Spence (2nd time)
2008 – 2010                Russell J. Beaulieu (1st time)
2010 – 2012                Irvin McIvor (2nd time)
2012 - 2014                Russell J. Beaulieu (2nd time)
2014 - 2020                Lance O. Roulette
2020 -                     Trevor Prince


Sapotaweyak Cree Nation

[Sapotaweyak Cree
                    Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1912                       Separated from The Key, under the Treaty No. 4 (Shoal River).
1996/97                    Renamed Sapotaweyak Cree Nation.

Chiefs (to af.1914, Headmen)
1912 - 19..                ....
c.1982                     William J. Audy
bf.1987 - af.1988          Stanley N. Gott
bf.1989 - 1992             Ronald Cook (1st time)
1992 - 1994                Hubert Kematch (1st time)
1994 - 1996                Ronald Cook (2nd time)
1996 - af.1998             Hubert Kematch (2nd time)
bf.2000 - 2010             Alphaeus G. Brass
2010 -                     Nelson M. Genaille


Sayisi Dene

[Sayisi Dene (Manitoba,
                  Canada)]

1910                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Fort Churchill).
1996/97                    Renamed Sayisi Dene.

Chiefs
1910 - 19..                John French
1945 - 1960                Artie Cheekie
bf.1963 - af.1966          John Clipping
c.1970                     Simon Duck
1975 - af.1982             Peter Yassie
bf.1987 - 1988             Isaac Tom
1988 - 1990                Ila Bussidor (f) (1st time)
c.1991                     Peter Thorassie (1st time)
c.1992                     Steven Thorassie
bf.1994 - 1996             Ernie Bussidor (1st time)
1996 - 199.                Peter Thorassie (2nd time)
c.1997                     Gladys Powderhorn (f)
199. - 1999                Geoff Bussidor
1999 - 2002                Ila Bussidor (f) (2nd time)
2002 - 2004                Evan Yassie (1st time)
2004 - 2006                Charles Tom
2006 - 2008                Bernice Thorassie (f)
2008 - 2010                Ernie Bussidor (2nd time)
2010 - 2013                Jimmy Thorassie
2013 - 2016                Peter Thorassie, Jr.
2016 - 2019                Tony Powderhorn
2019 - 2022                Evan Yassie (2nd time)
2022 -                     Jason Bussidor


Shamattawa

[Shamattawa First
                  Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1947                       Separated from York Factory, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (Shamattawa).

Chiefs
1947 - 19..                ....
c.1982                     Sam Miles (1st time)
c.1987                     Judah Miles
bf.1988 - af.1990          Sam Miles (2nd time)
c.1991                     Tommy McKay (1st time)
199. - 1992                Kenneth L. Beardy
1992 - 199.                William L. Miles (1st time)
c.1996                     Tommy McKay (2nd time)
c.1997                     Margaret Koostachin (f)
bf.2000 - af.2001          Roy Miles
c.2002                     William L. Miles (2nd time)
bf.2005 - 2018             Jeffrey Napoakesik
2018 - 2022                Eric Redhead
2022 -                     Jordna Hill


Sioux Valley Dakota Nation

[Sioux Valley Dakota
                    Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1863                       Arrived from the U.S.
1875                       Oak River Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty).
1972                       Renamed Sioux Valley.
2002                       Renamed Sioux Valley Dakota Nation.
2014                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs

1863 - 1886                Wambdi Ska "White Eagle"      (d. 1886)
1886 - 1890                James McKay (Taninyahdinazin) (d. 1890)
1890 - 1893                Vacant
1893 - af.1904             Tunkan Cekiyana (1st time)
19.. - 1913                James Antoine                 (d. 1917)
1913 - 19..                Tunkan Cekiyana (2nd time)
1921 - 19..                Matthew Pratt
1952 - 1954                Archie Pratt
1954 - 1958                Eli Taylor
1958 - 1960                Edward Mazawasicuna
1960 - 1964                John Sioux (1st time)
1964 - 1966                Jim Blacksmith
1966 - af.1968             John Sioux (2nd time)
c.1970                     Peter Whitecloud
197. - 1972                Vernon Mazawasicuna
1972 - 1974                Michael Hotain
1974 - 1976                Frank McKay
1976 - 197.                Walter Noel
197. - 1978                Russell Merrick
1978 - 197.                John Sioux (3rd time)
197. - 1980                Waldron Essie
1980 - 1982                Robert Wasicuna
1982 - 1986                M. Allan Pratt
1986 - 1994                Robert Bone
1994 - 1996                Ronald Hall
1996 - 1998                Ivan Ironman
1998 - 2002                Kenneth Whitecloud (1st time)
2002 - 2004                Katherine Whitecloud (f)
2004 - 2006                Vincent Tacan (1st time)
2006 - 2008                Kenneth Whitecloud (2nd time)
2008 - 2010                Donna Elk (f)
2010 - 2018                Vincent Tacan (2nd time)
2018 - 2023                Jennifer Bone (f)
2023 -                     Vincent Tacan (3rd time)


Skownan

[Skownan
                        First Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1873                       Separated from Ebb and Flow, under the Treaty No. 2 (Waterhen).
1997/2001                  Renamed Skownan.

Chiefs

1873 – 1885                Antoine (Katahkahwaynaas)     (d. 1885)
1885 – 1922                Baptiste Nepinak
1922 – 1950                Hermus Nepinak
1951 – 1955                Alex Catcheway (1st time)
1955 – 1959                Moise Catcheway (2nd time)
1959 – 1961                Alex Catcheway (1st time)
1961 – 1963                Joe Catcheway
1963 – 1965                Carl Gabriel
1965 – 1967                Alphonse Catcheway
1967 – 1969                Moise Catcheway (2nd time)
1969 – 1971                Donald Catcheway
1971 – 1979                Moise Catcheway (3rd time)
1979 – 1983                Harvey Nepinak (1st time)
1983 – 1987                Larry Catagas
1987 – 1999                Harvey Nepinak (2nd time)
1999 – 2003                Bernard Catcheway
2003 – 2005                Robert Lavallee
2005 – 2011                Harvey Nepinak (3rd time)
2011 - 2024                Cameron Catcheway

2024 -                     Ernest Catcheway


Swan Lake

[Swan Lake First Nation
                    (Manitoba, Canada)]

1876                       Separated from Long Plain, under the Treaty No. 1 (Swan Lake).
2014                       Casino opened.

Chiefs

1876 - 1910                Osawaskokwanepi "Yellow Quill"(b. 18.. - d. 1910)
1911 - 1917                Mohquayweetung
1917 - 1924                Meshakaypenais
1924 - 1934                Campbell Matoos
1934 - 1936                Walter Scott
1936 - 1944                Vacant
1944 - 1953                George Gordon
1953 - 1960                Sam Cameron (1st time)
1960 - 1963                Clarence Cameron
1963 - 1965                Sam Cameron (2nd time)
1965 - 1967                John Cameron
1967 - 1968                Sam Cameron (3rd time)
1968 - 1974                Richard Cameron
1974 - 1984                Roy McKinney (1st time)
1984 - 1986                Lloyd Cameron (1st time)
1986 – af.1991             Roy McKinney (2nd time)
c.1992                     Lloyd Cameron (2nd time)
bf.1994 - 2000             Roy McKinney (3rd time)
2000 - 2004                Larry Soldier
2004 - 2007                Robert Daniels
2007 - 2021                Francine Meeches (f)

2021 -                     Jason Daniels


Tataskweyak Cree Nation

[Tataskweyak




















































































































































                                                          Cree Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1908                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Split Lake).
2001                       Renamed Tataskweyak Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1908 - 1936                William Kechekesik             (d. 1936)
1937 - 1951                Sam Cook                       (d. 1951)
1951 - 1953                Daniel Kirkness
1953 - 1959                Alfred Spence (1st time)
1959 - 1960                Jacob Spence
1960 - 1961                William Garson
1962 - 1963                Alfred Spence (2nd time)
1963 - 1965                Adam Mayham (1st time)
1965 - 1967                Dan Flett
1967 - 1969                Adam Mayham (2nd time)
1969 - 1972                Daniel Kirkness (1st time)
1972 - 1973                Bill Spence
1973 - 1975                John Wavey
1975 - 1977                Kenneth Wastasecoot (1st time)
1977 - 1979                Michael P. Garson
1979 - 1982                Kenneth Wastasecoot (2nd time)
1982 - 1983                Daniel Kirkness (2nd time)
1983 - 1987                Norman Flett (1st time)
1987 - 1989                Larry Beardy
1989 - 1994                Norman Flett (2nd time)
1994 - 1995                John Garson
1995 - 1997                Norman Flett (3rd time)
1997 - af.1999             Emile Garson (1st time)
bf.2000 - 2002             Duke N. Beardy (1st time)
2002 - 2006                Norman Flett (4th time)
2006 - 2008                Emile Garson (2nd time)
2008 - 2012                Duke N. Beardy (2nd time)
2012 - 2014                Michael D. Garson
2014 - 2016                Duke N. Beardy (3rd time)
2016 - 2022                Doreen Spence (f) (1st time)
2022 - 2024                Taralee Beardy (f)
2024 -                     Doreen Spence (f) (2nd time)


Tootinaowaziibeeng

[Tootinaowaziibeeng
                        First Nation (British Columbia, Canada)]

1894                       Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4
                             (Valley River).
1996/97                    Renamed Tootinaowaziibeeng.

Chiefs
1894 - af.1899             John Rattlesnake
bf.1982 - af.1989          Clifford Lynxleg
c.1990                     Lynne J. Lynxleg (f)
bf.1991 - 1996             Melvin Lynxleg
1996 - af.1998             Gordon R. McKay
bf.2000 - 2006             Barry S. McKay (1st time)
2006 - 2008                Mervin Lynx
2008 - 2010                Lloyd McKay
2010 - 2012                Dennis Cameron (1st time)
2012 - 2014                Barry S. McKay (2nd time)
2014 - 2016                Dennis Cameron (2nd time)
2016 -                     Barry S. McKay (3rd time)


War Lake

[War Lake
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1982                       Separated from Tataskweyak, under the Treaty No. 5 (War Lake).

Chiefs
1982 - af.1985             Adam Dick
bf.1987 - 1988             Charlie Spence
1988 - 2003                Alex A. Ouskan
2003 - 2006                Rusty Beardy
2006 -                     Betsy Kennedy (f)


Wasagamack

[Wasagamack





























































































































































































































                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1969                       Separated from Garden Hill, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (Wasagamack).

Chiefs
1969 - 19..                ....
c.1982                     John J. Harper                (d. 1988)
c.1987                     Elijah Knott (1st time)
c.1988                     Victor Harper
c.1989                     Elijah Knott (2nd time)
c.1990                     John A. Mason
c.1991                     Elijah Knott (3rd time)
bf.1992 - 1995             Alfred McDougall
1995 - 1997                Elijah Knott (4th time)
1997 - 2001                Jerry Knott (1st time)
2001 - 2003                Percy Harper
2003 - 2005                Cornelius Wood
2005 - 2007                Ronald Harper
2007 - 2011                Jerry Knott (2nd time)
2011 - 2015                Alex J. McDougall (1st time)
2015 - 2017                Sharon Mason (f)
2017 - 2018                Alex J. McDougall (2nd time)
2018                       Alfred Harper
2018 - 2021                Gary Knott
2021 - 2022                Bobby Knott
2022 -                     Walter Haper


Waywayseecappo

[Waywayseecappo First
                    Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Waywayseecappo).

Chiefs
1874 - 1884                Waywayseecappo
1884 - 1886                Tom Shapwaynatung
1886 - af.1899             Astakeesie
c.1982                     Leslie Longclaws
bf.1987 - af.1988          Robert Shingoose
c.1989                     Leonard Wabash
c.1990                     Walter Mentuck
bf.1991 - af.1997          Murray Clearsky (1st time)
bf.2001 - af.2003          Wallace Clearsky
bf.2005 - 2013             Murray Clearsky (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                Melville Wabash
2015 -                     Murray Clearsky (3rd time)


Wuskwi Sipihk

[Wuskwi Sipihk First
                    Nation (Manitoba, Canada)]

1982                       Separated from Sapotaweyak, under the Treaty No. 4
                             (Indian Birch).
1994/97                    Renamed Wuskwi Sipihk.

Chiefs
1982 - 198.                ....
bf.1987 - af.1988          Roland G. Brass
bf.1989 - 1992             Charles Audy
1992 - af.1994             Marion Gosselin (f)
bf.1996 - 2002             Brian Brass
2002 - 2004                Darren Audy
2004 - 2008                Derek A. Audy (1st time)
2008 - 2010                Michael J. Flett
2010 - 2012                Derek A. Audy (2nd time)
2012 - 2014                Albina Brass (f)
2014 -                     Elwood Zastre


York Factory

[York
                                                          Factory Cree
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Manitoba,
                                                          Canada)]

1910                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (York Factory).
1911 – 1938                Hudson Bay (from 1920, Fort Churchill) Indian Agency
                             established.

Chiefs
1910 - af.1915             Charles Wastasekoot
c.1975                     Reg Panash
c.1982                     Samuel Saunders
bf.1987 - af.1997          Eric Saunders
bf.2000 - af.2002          Roy Redhead
bf.2004 - 2006             Roy Beardy
2006 - 2008                Ted C. Bland (1st time)
2008 - 2010                Johnny Saunders
2010 - 2014                Louisa Constant (f)
2014 - 2018                Ted C. Bland (2nd time)
2018 - 2022                Leroy Constant
2022 - 2024                David Wastesicoot
2024 -                     Darryl Wastesicoot



New Brunswick


Note: The relations between the Micmac and Maliseet and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of the Micmac, see Eskasoni in Nova Scotia; the same for Maliseet, see Kingsclear. All reserves in New Brunswick were considered a single Indian band by Canada until 1892.



Buctouche MicMac

18th cent.                 Known as Shediac.
1810                       Buctouche reserve set aside (gave name to band).
2018                       Renamed Buctouche MicMac.

Chiefs
c.1726                     Jerome Atonash
c.1761                     Claude Atonash
bf.1832 - af.1841          Noel John
bf.1897 - af.1934          Vacant
c.1970                     Angus Sappier
bf.1982 - af.1988          Agnes Sanipass (f)
bf.1989 - af.1997          William Sanipass
bf.2002 - 2006             Garry Sanipass
2006 - 2021                Ann M. Simon (f)
                             (from 2015, Ann M. Steele)
2021 -                     Brenton Leblanc



Natoaganeg (Eel Ground)

[Natoaganeg
                          (Eel Ground) First Nation (New Brunswick,
                          Canada)]
Adopted c.1985

1783                       Miramichi reserve set aside.
1789                       Replaced by Eel Ground reserve (gave name to band).
1872 - 1971                Northeastern (from 1949, Miramichi) Indian Agency established.
2022                       Renamed Natoaganeg.

Chiefs

c.1761                     Joseph Sabecholuet
c.1764                     Louis Francis
1779 - 1805                John Julian                   (d. 1805)
1805 - 1807                Vacant
1807 - 1836                Andrew Julian
1836 - 1841                Barnaby Julian                (d. 1854)
1841 - 1868                Nicholas Julian               (d. 1868)
1868 - 1888                John N. Julian                (b. 1814 – d. 1888)
1888 - 1894                Thomas Barnaby                (b. 1841 – d. 1907)
1894 - 1903                Peter N. Julian (1st time)    (b. 1852 – d. 1938)
1903 - 1906                Peter Ginnish
1906 - 1909                Peter N. Julian (2nd time) (s.a.)
1910 - 1921                Peter Tenass
1922 - 1926                Daniel Paul (1st time)
1926 - 1932                ....
1932 - 1935                Peter J. McKay
1935 - 1947                Daniel Paul (2nd time)
1948 - 1951                Gilbert Patles
1951 - 1955                Daniel Paul (3rd time)
1955 - 1956                Moses Paul (1st time)
1956 - 1958                Daniel Paul (4th time)
1958 - 1964                Moses Paul (2nd time)
1964 - 1966                William Barnaby
1966 - 1968                Howard McKay
1968 - 1969                Joe Larry
1969                       Wilson Simonson
1969 - 1972                Richard M. Ginnish
1972 - 1978                Michael Martin
1978 - 1980                Alex W. Ward
1980 - 1996                Roger J. Augustine
1996 -                     George H. Ginnish



Eel River Bar

[Eel River Bar First Nation
                (New Brunswick, Canada)]

1807                       Eel River reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1992/1997                  Renamed Eel River Bar.

Chiefs
bf.1897 - af.1899          Vacant
bf.1962 - 1970             Alfred Narvie
1970 - 197.                Margaret Labillois (f)       (b. 1923 - d. 2013)
1977 - 2013                T. Everett Martin (1st time)
2013 - 2015                Mary L. Labillois (f)
2015 - 2019                T. Everett Martin (2nd time)

2019 - 2023                Sacha Labillois (f)
2023 -                     John C. Caplin


Elsipogtog

[Elsipogtog First Nation
                (New Brunswick, Canada)]

1805                       Richibucto reserve set side.
c.1870                     Known as Big Cove (became name of band).
2004                       Renamed Elsipogtog.

Chiefs
c.1640 - c.1670            Denis
c.1726                     Pierre Martin
bf.1759 - af.1761          Michel Augustine
c.1810                     Peter Joseph
c.1842                     Noel A. Athanasse
c.1879                     Noel Millia
bf.1894 - af.1899          Thomas Joseph
c.1923                     Tom E. Sanipass
1967 - 1993                Albert Levy
1993 - 199.                Vincent Simon
bf.1996 - 2004             Robert L. Levy
2004 - 2008                Susan Levy-Peters (f)
2008 - 2012                Jesse J. Simon
2012 -                     Arren J. Sock



Esgenoopetitj

[Esgenoopetitj First Nation
                (New Brunswick, Canada)]

18th cent.                 Known as Pokemouche.
1802                       Burnt Church reserve set aside (gave name to band).
2010                       Renamed Esgenoopetitj.
            
Chiefs
c.1761                     Etienne Apshobon
c.1841                     Noel Briot
c.1892                     Peter Louis
bf.1895 - af.1899          Peter Joseph
c.1919                     Paul Taylor
c.1959                     Edmund Francis
bf.1966 - af.1970          Frank Paul
bf.1982 - af.1992          J. Wilbur Dedam (1st time)
c.1997                     Burton Nartin
bf.2002 - 2012             J. Wilbur Dedam (2nd time)
2012 -                     Alvery M. Paul



Fort Folly

1825                       Aboushagan reserve set aside.
1840                       Replaced by Fort Folly reserve (gave name to band).

Chiefs
1837 - af.1841             Peter Bernard
1874 - 1898                Samuel Thomas                 (d. 1898)
1899 - 1902                David Bernard
1902 - 19..                Vacant
bf.1970 - 1977             William J. Knockwood          (b. 1925 – d. 1996)
1977 - 1979                J. Henry Knockwood            (b. 1926 – d. 2004)
1979 - 1990                Stephenson Bernard
1990 - 1997                Camille D. Thomas
1997 - 2003                Joseph E. Knockwood (1st time)(b. 1939)
2003 - 2006                Hugh Knockwood                (b. 1939)
2006 - 2013                Joseph E. Knockwood (2nd time)(s.a.)
2013 -                     Rebecca Knockwood (f)



Indian Island

1823/1867                  Indian Island reserve set aside (gave name to band).

Chiefs
bf.1897 - 1903             Peter Barlow                  (d. 1903)
1903 - c.1940              ....
c.1940 - af.1982           Peter J. Barlow               (b. 1920 – d. 2000)
bf.1987 - 2006             W. Paul Barlow
2006 -                     Kenneth Barlow



Bilijk (Kingsclear)

c.1650                     Maliseet (Malecite) in alliance with the French.
1725                       Ally (later, subject) of the British.
1775 - 1777                Maliseet briefly allied with the U.S.
1779                       Aukpaque reserve set aside (lost in 1794).
1814                       Kingsclear reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1872 - 1971                Kingsclear (to 1949, Southwestern; from 1958, St. John River)
                             Indian Agency established.
2022                       Renamed Bilijk.

Chiefs of St. John River
c.1713                     Pierre
c.1726                     Joseph Nipimoit
c.1763                     Louis Lamoureux   
Grand chiefs of the Maliseet
(title: K'ci Sagam)

1764 - 1780                Pierre Tomah I                (d. 1780)
1781 - 1813                Pierre Tomah II               (b. c.1734 – d. af.1827)
                            (also styled as Governor)
Chiefs of Kingsclear
1813 - 1844                Francis Tomah I               (d. 1844)
1844 - 1889                Francis Tomah II              (d. 1889)
1890 - 1893                Noel J. Sappier
1893 - 1896                Andrew Paul (1st time)        (d. 1907)
1896 - 1899                John Solomon
1899 - 1907                Andrew Paul (2nd time)        (s.a.)
19.. - 1912                Peter Paul
c.1928                     Arthur J. Polchies
1930 - 1945                William Polchies
c.1970                     Richard Polchies
bf.1982 - af.1992          Stephen Sacobie
bf.1997 - af.2002          Robert J. Atwin
bf.2008 - 2012             Paul Tomer
2012 -                     Gabriel J. Atwin



Madawaska Maliseet

[Madawaska
                          Maliseet First Nation (New Brunswick,
                          Canada)] Adopted 2011

1842                       St. Basile reserve set aside.
1956                       Separated from Tobique (Edmundston).
1993/1997                  Renamed Madawaska Maliseet.

Chiefs
1956 - 1961                Noel Francis
1961 - 1967                Noel Francis, Jr.
1967 - 1969                Harold Bernard
1969 - 1973                John Wallace (1st time)
1973 - 1974                Floyd Bernard (1st time)
1974 - 1977                John Wallace (2nd time)
1977 - 1985                Norman Simon
1985 - 1987                Margaret Bernard (f)
1987 - 1993                J. Richard Wallace
1993 - 1995                Jean G. Simon (1st time)
1995 - 1997                Floyd Bernard (2nd time)
1997                       John Wallace (3rd time)
1997 - 1999                Floyd Bernard (3rd time)
1999 - 2003                Jean G. Simon (2nd time)
2003 - 2013                Joanna Bernard (f)
2013 -                     Patricia Bernard (f)



Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq

[Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq (New
                Brunswick, Canada)]

1783                       Red Bank reserve set aside (gave name to band).
2003                       Renamed Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation.

Chiefs
c.1783 - 1830              Francis Julian                (d. 1830)
1830 - 1836                Mitchell Julian
1836 - 1854                Barnaby Julian                (d. 1854)
1854 - 18..                Francis B. Julian
18.. - 1893                Francis S. Julian             (d. 1893)
1893 - 1896                Vacant
1896 - 1905                John P. Tenass (1st time)     (b. 1849 – d. 1928)
1905 - 190.                Charles Cloud
1908 - 1920                John P. Tenass (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1920 - 19..                Mitchell Tenass
1952 - 1954                Joseph M. Augustine (1st time)(b. 1911 - d. 1995)
1954 - 1956                ....
1956 - 1958                Joseph M. Augustine (2nd time)(s.a.)
c.1970                     Donald Ward
bf.1982 - af.1988          Gerald L. Levy
bf.1989 - af.1992          Michael Ward
bf.1997 - af.2002          Michael Augustine
200. - 2004                Joseph F. Ward (1st time)
2004 - 2010                Noah C. Augustine             (b. 1971 - d. 2010)
2010 - 2010                Joseph F. Ward (2nd time)
2014 -                     William J. Ward



Oromocto

[Oromocto First Nation (New
                Brunswick, Canada)]

1895                       Oromocto reserve set aside.
1920                       Separated from Saint Mary's (Oromocto).

Chiefs
1920 - 19..                ....
c.1946                     John S. Paul
bf.1959 - af.1970          John Sacobie
c.1982                     Manuel Polchies
c.1987                     Gorley J. Sark
bf.1988 - af.1997          Rupert J. Sacobie
bf.2002 - 2013             A. Roger Atwin
2013 - 2015                Joe Sacobie
2015 -                     Shelly M. Sabattis (f)



Pabineau

[Pabineau First Nation (New
                Brunswick, Canada)]

1841                       Pabineau (to c.1916 also known as Bathurst) reserve
                             set aside (gave name to band).

Chiefs
bf.1897 - af.1899          Alexander Presque
c.1970                     Hector Prisk
c.1982                     Gilbert Sewell
bf.1987 - af.1992          Paul B. Peter
c.1997                     Benjamin P. Paul
bf.2002 - 2004             John H. Paul
2004 - 2020                David Peter-Paul

2020 -                     Terry Richardson


Saint Mary's

[Saint
                            Mary's First Nation flag to 2021 (New
                            Brunswick, Canada)]
Flag to 2021
[Saint Mary's
                          First Nation (New Brunswick, Canada)]
Flag from 2021
1867                       Saint Mary's reserve set aside.
1902                       Separated from Kingsclear (Saint Mary's).

Chiefs
1902 - 1905                Anthony Sacobie
1905 - 190.                Louis Sacobie
1909 - 1915                Noel J. Sacobie
1915 - 19..                Solomon Brooks
19.. - 1935                Noel Polchies
1935 - 19..                Fred Paul (1st time)
c.1946                     Solomon Polchies
c.1953                     Andrew M. Paul
c.1960                     Roger Paul
c.1961                     Fred Paul (2nd time)
1964 - 1984                Harold Sappier
bf.1987 - af.1991          Richard J. Polchies
c.1992                     Douglas W. Brooks
bf.1997 - af.2002          Arthur E. Bear
bf.2008 - 2018             Candice S. Paul (f)
2018 -                     Allen Polchies



Tobique

[Tobique
                            First Nation old flag (New Brunswick,
                            Canada)]
Former Flag
[Tobique First
                          Nation flag (New Brunswick, Canada)]
Current Flag
1801                       Tobique reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1889 - 1958                Tobique (to 1949, Northern) Indian Agency established.

Chiefs

1862 - 1899                Frank John Francis            (b. 1831 – d. 1899)
1899 - 1902                Frank I. Francis
1902 - 190.                John Ellis (1st time)
c.1904                     Frank Lockwood (1st time)
c.1905                     John Ellis (2nd time)
bf.1911 - 1914             Frank Lockwood (2nd time)
1914 - 1917                Frank Francis
1917 - 1920                Frank Lockwood (3rd time)
1920 - 1923                John Solis
1923 - 1926                Solomon Bear
1926 - 1929                Charles Saulis
1929 - 1932                Noel P. Bear
1932 - 1935                Gabriel Perley   
1935 - 1942                William Saulis (1st time)
1942 - 1945                Peter J. Bear
1945 - 1953                William Saulis (2nd time)
1953 - 1955                Simon Perley
1955 - 1957                William Saulis (3rd time)
1957 - 1961                Philip Sappier
1961 - 1965                Raymond Tremblay
1965 - 1967                Charles Paul
1967 - 1977                Dennis Nicholas
1977 - 1978                Vaughan Nicholas
1978 - 1983                George Francis
1983 - 1989                David Perley
1989 - 1995                Stewart C. Paul (1st time)
1995 - 1999                Edwin A. Bernard
1999 - 2001                Patrick C. Francis
2001 - 2006                Stewart C. Paul (2nd time)
2006 - 2008                Gerald C. Bear
2008 - 2012                Stewart C. Paul (3rd time)
2012 - 2014                Brenda Perley (f)
2014 -                     Ross L. Perley



Woodstock

1807                       Meductic reserve set aside (lost af.1827).
1851                       Woodstock reserve set aside.
1913                       Separated from Tobique (Woodstock).

Chiefs
1913 - 1916                Michael Paul
1916 - 1919                William Polchies
1919 - 1922                Andrew Pelkie
1922 - 1925                Noel Polchies
1925 - 1929                Michael DeVeau
1929 - 1932                Doc Polchies
1932 - 1934                Frank Polchies
1934 - 1937                Noel Moulton
1937 - 1943                Wilfred Sappier
1943 - 1946                Oliver J. Polchies (1st time)
1946 - 1947                Patrick Polchies
1947 - 1967                Oliver J. Polchies (2nd time)
1967 - 1969                Randolph Paul
1969 - 1971                Oliver J. Polchies (3rd time)
1971 - 1973                Louis Paul
1973 - 1975                Oliver J. Polchies (4th time)
1975 - 1985                Winston Paul
1985 - 1997                Paul L. Tomah (1st time)
1997 - 1999                Patrick C. Francis
1999 - 2001                Ken Tomah
2001 - 2011                Jeffrey Tomah
2011 - 2015                Paul L. Tomah (2nd time)
2015 -                     Timothy P. Paul



Newfoundland and Labrador


Miawpukek

[Miawpukek First Nation
                (Newfoundland, Canada)]

1860                       Known as Conne River.
1984                       Recognized by Canada (Miawpukek).

Chiefs (Saqamaw)
(from 1924, informal)
21 Jul 1860 - 1880         Maurice Louis                  (b. 1802 - d. 1880)
1880 - 1900                Joe Bernard                    (b. 1812 - d. 1900)
1900 -  1 Dec 1918         Reuben Lewis                   (b. 1852 - d. 1918)
2
6 Jul 1919 - 1944         Newell Jeddore                 (b. 1865 - d. 1944)
1945                       Andrew Joe (refused office)    (b. 1889 - d. 1960)
1945 - 1954                Joe Jeddore                    (b. 1883 - d. 1956) 
1954 - 1971                Peter F. Jeddore               (b. 1892 - d. 1971)
1971 - 1973                Vacant
Presidents

1973 - 1974                John N. Jeddore                (b. 1922)

1974 - 1975                Walter John                    (b. 1926)
Chiefs
1975 - Dec 1982            William Joe                    (b. 1925 - d. 1982)

 7 Jan 1983 - 1988         Michael (Mise'l) Joe (1st time)(b. 1947)
1988 - 1990                Marilyn John (f)
1990 - 1992                Shane McDonald
1992 - 1994                Geraldine Kelly (f)
1994 - 2024                Mise'l Joe (2nd time)          (s.a.)

2024 -                     Brad Benoit


Mushuau Innu


[Mushuau Innu
                          First Nation old flag (Newfoundland, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Mushuau Innu First Nation
                              (Newfoundland, Canada)]
Current Flag
c.1960                     Known as Davis Inlet.
2002                       Recognized by Canada (Mushuau Innu).

Chiefs
bf.1965 - af.1969          Joseph Rich
1992 - 1994                Katie Rich (f) (1st time)
1994 - 1995                Simeon A. Tshakapesh (1st time)
1995 - 1997                Katie Rich (f) (2nd time)
1997 - 1998                Prote Poker (1st time)
1998 - 2000                Mark Nui
2000                       David Nui
2000 - 2004                Simeon A. Tshakapesh (2nd time)
2004 - 2007                Simon Pokue
2007 - 2010                Prote Poker (2nd time)
2010 - 2013                Simeon A. Tshakapesh (3rd time)
2013 - 2016                Gregory Rich
2016 -                     John Nui



Qalipu Mi’kmaq

[Qalipu Mi’kmaq First
                Nation Band (Newfoundland, Canada)]

2011                       Recognized by Canada (Qalipu Mi’kmaq), no reserve
                             established as of 2024.

Chiefs
2011 - 2015                Brendan Sheppard
2015 - 2023                Brendan Mitchell

2023 -                     Jennifer Brake (f) (acting to 2024)


Sheshatshiu Innu

[Sheshatshiu Innu First
                Nation (Newfoundland, Canada)]

c.1960                     Known as North West River.
2002                       Recognized by Canada (Sheshatshiu Innu).

Chiefs
c.1965                     Antuan Ashini
bf.1997 - 2004             Paul Rich
2004 -  2010               Anastasia Qupee (f)
2010 - 2012                Sebastien Benuen
2012 - 2015                Andrew Penashue
2015 - 2023                Eugene Hart
(1st time)
2023 - 2024                Etienne Rich
2024 -                     Eugene Hart (2nd time)


Northwest Territories



Acho Dene Koe

1922                       Signed the Treaty No. 11 of 1921 (Fort Liard), no reserve.
1992/97                    Renamed Acho Dene Koe.

Chiefs

1922 - 19..                Thomas Ekinla
bf.1971 - af.1973          Daniel Lomen
1975 - af.1980             Harry Deneron (1st time)
c.1982                     William Betthale (1st time)
c.1987                     Victor Jumbo
c.1988                     William Betthale (2nd time)
c.1990                     Frank Kotchea
c.1991                     Harry Deneron (2nd time)
c.1992                     Steven Kotchea (1st time)   
199. - 1999                Harry Deneron (3rd time)
1999 - 2002                Judy Kotchea (f)
2002 - 2005                Floyd Bertrand
2005 - 2008                Harry Deneron (4th time)
2008 - 2012                Steven Kotchea (2nd time)
2012 - 2017                Harry Deneron (5th time)
2017 - 2021                Eugene Hope
(1st time)
2021 - 2024                Brenda Berreault (f)
2024 -                     Eugene Hope (2nd time)


Aklavik

1958 - 1966                Aklavik Indian Agency established.
1974                       Separated from Fort McPherson (Aklavik), under the Treaty
                             No. 11, no reserve.
1992                       Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement.

Chiefs
1974 - 1986                Frederick G. Greenland
1986 - 1987                Ruth Stewart (f)
1987 - 2000                Eugene A. Pascal
2000 - 2008                Charles Furlong
2008 - 2010                Mildred Edwards (f)
2010 - 2016                Danny D. Greenland (1st time)
2016 - 2020                Eddie Greenland
2020 - 2024               
Danny D. Greenland (2nd time)
2024 -                     Randy R. Edwards


Behdzi Ahda

[Behdzi Ahda First
                  Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1994                       Separated from Fort Good Hope (Behdzi Ahda'), under the
                             Treaty No. 11, no reserve.
1994                       Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims
                             Agreement.

Chiefs
1994 - 2001                Richard P. Kochon (1st time)
2001                       Dora Duncan (f)
2001 - 2002                Sharon Tutcho (f) (acting)
2002 - 2013                Richard P. Kochon (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                Alvin J. Orlias
2015 - 2022                Wilbert Kochon

2022 -                     Richard P. Kochon (3rd time)


Dechi Laot'i (Wekweeti)


[Tlicho Community
                  Government of Wekweeti (NWT, Canada)]

1996                       Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Dechi Laot'i), under the
                             Treaty No. 11, no reserve.
2005                       Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement,
                             governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Wekweeti
                             (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged).

Chiefs

1996 - 199.                ....
1998/99 - 2005             Joseph Judas
2005 - 2013                Charles Football (1st time)
2013 - 2017                Johnny Arrowmaker
2017 - 2021                Charles Football (2nd time)
2021 -                    
Adeline Football (f)


Deh Gah Got'ie Dene

1921                       Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Providence), no reserve.
1992/97                    Renamed Deh Gáh Got'îê Dene.

Chiefs

1921 - 19..                Paul Lafoine
c.1955                     Vital Bonnetrouge (1st time)
c.1973                     Vital Bonnetrouge (2nd time)
1976 - af.1981             Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (1st time)
c.1982                     James Thom (1st time)
c.1985                     Phillip Simba
198. - 1987                Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (2nd time)
1987 - af.1988             James Thom (2nd time)
bf.1989 - 1991             Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (3rd time)
c.1992                     Bernadette Landry (f)(1st time)
1997 - 2001                Greg Nyuli
2001 - 2003                Sam Gargan
2003 - 2009                Bernadette Landry (f)(2nd time)
2009 - 2011                Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (4th time)
2011 - 2013                Wayne Sabourin
2013 - 2017                Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (5th time)
2017 - 2019                Xavier Canadien

2019 - 2021                Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (6th time)
2021 -                     Michael Vandell


Deline

[Deline First
                          Nation former flag (NWT, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Deline First
                          Nation (NWT, Canada)]
Current Flag
1973                       Separated from Fort Norman (Fort Franklin), under the
                             Treaty No. 11, no reserve.
1993                       Renamed Deline.
1994                       Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land
                             Claims Agreement.
2015                       Self-government agreement (from 2016, governed by the Déline
                             Got'ine Government; the First Nation name formally remained
                             unchanged).

Chiefs

1973 - 1983                George Kodakin                 (d. 1992)
1983 - 1985                George Blondin                 (b. 1922 - d. 2008)
c.1987                     Paul Baton
c.1988                     George Cleary
c.1990                     John Tetso
bf.1991 - af.1993          Raymond A. Taniton (1st time)
bf.1995 - 1997             Raymond Tutcho (1st time)
1997 - 1999                Raymond A. Taniton (2nd time)
1999 - 2001                Leeroy Andre (1st time)
2001 - 2003                Raymond Tutcho (2nd time)
2003 - 2005                Walter Bayha
2005 - 2006                Charlie Neyelle
2006 - 2007                Dolphus Baton (acting)
2007 - 2012                Raymond Tutcho (3rd time)
2012 - 2015                Leonard Kenny
2015 - 2018                Raymond Tutcho (4th time)
2018 - 2022                Leeroy Andre (2nd time)
2022 -                     Daniel L. Gaudet


Deninu K'ue

[Deninu K'ue First
                  Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1900                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Resolution), no reserve.
1924 – 1953                Fort Resolution Indian Agency established.
1992                       Renamed Deninu K'ué.

Chiefs

1900                       Louison Dosnoir
1900 - 1915                Vital Lamoelle (1st time)
1915 - 1916                Barmoule Lemoule
1916 - 1917                Vital Lamoelle (2nd time)
1917 - 1923                Paulette Chandelle
1923 - 1940                Jean Pascal Nadjere
1940 - 1949                Boniface Alphonse
1949 - 1960                Vacant
1960 - 1967                Alexander King
1967 - 1971                James L. Villeneuve
1971 - 1972                Vacant
1972 - 1978                Edward Sayine
1978 - 1979                Robert G. Sayine (1st time)
1979 - 1981                Raymond Simon
1981 - 1989                Robert G. Sayine (2nd time)
1989 - 1993                Bernadette Unka (f)
1993 - 2001                Don W. Balsillie
2001 - 2006                Robert G. Sayine (3rd time)
2006 - 2007                William R. Norn
2007 -                     Louis M. Balsillie



Dog Rib Rae (Behchoko)

[Behchoko
                          Community flag (NWT, Canada)]
Behchoko Community Flag
[Tlicho
                              Nation flag (NWT, Canada]
Tlicho Nation Flag

1921                       Signed the Treaty No.11 (Dog Rib Rae), no reserve.
2005                       Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement,
                             governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Behchokò
                             (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged).

Chiefs

1921 - 1934                Zephirin Monfwi                (b. 1866 - d. 1936)
1934 - 1969                Jimmy Bruneau                  (b. 1881 - d. 1975)
1969 - 1971                ....
1971 - 1976                Alexis Arrowmaker
1976 - 19..                Charlie Charlo
bf.1980 - 1982             Joe Migwi
1982 - 198.                Philip Huskey
bf.1983 - af.1989          Joseph Rabesca (1st time)
bf.1990 - af.1992          Edward Erasmus
c.1994                     Joseph Rabesca (2nd time)
1997 - 1998                Joseph Judas
1998 - 2000                Joseph Rabesca (3rd time)
2000 - 2004                Eddie P. Rabesca               (d. 2004)
2004 - 2005                Clifford J. Daniels (1st time)
2005 - 2009                Leon Lafferty
2009 - 2025                Clifford J. Daniels (2nd time)

2025 -                     Bertha Rabesca-Zoe (f)  


Fort Good Hope

1921                       Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Good Hope), no reserve.
1931 - 1938                Fort Good Hope Indian Agency established.
1994                       Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims
                             Agreement.

Chiefs

1921 - 19..                Simeon Tseleie
c.1973                     Charlie Barnaby (1st time)
bf.1975 - af.1980          Frank Tseleie (1st time)
c.1982                     Edward Grandjambe
bf.1987 - af.1989          Charlie Barnaby (2nd time)
c.1990                     Frank Tseleie (2nd time)
bf.1991 - 1993             Everett Kakfwi (1st time)
1993 - 1995                Isadore Manuel
1995 - 1997                John Tseleie
1997 - 1999                Everett Kakfwi (2nd time)
1999 - 2001                Delphine Pierrot (f)
2001 - 2003                Frank Tseleie (3rd time)
2003 - 2007                Ron Pierrot
2007 - 2009                Frank Tseleie (4th time)
2009 - 2011                Arthur Tobac
2011 - 2013                Wilfred G. McNeely (1st time)
2013 - 2015                Greg Laboucan
2015 - 2019                Wilfred G. McNeely (2nd time)

2019 - 2021                Daniel Masuzumi
2021 - 2022                Thomas Kakfwi
2022 - 2023                Lucy Jackson (f) (interim)
2023 -                     Collin Pierrot


Gameti

[Community Government of
                  Gameti (NWT, Canada)]

1996                       Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Gameti), under the Treaty No. 11,
                             no reserve.
2005                       Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement,
                             governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Gameti (the
                             First Nation name formally remained unchanged).

Chiefs

1996 - 1999                A. Henry Gon (1st time)
1999 - 2005                Archie Wetrade
2005 - 2009                A. Henry Gon (2nd time)
2009 - 2013                Edward Chocolate
2013 - 2021                David Wedawin

2021 -                     Doreen Arrowmaker (f)


Gwichya Gwich'in

1921                       Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Arctic Red River), no reserve.
1992                       Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement.
1994                       Renamed Gwichya Gwich'in.

Chiefs

1921 - 1936                Paul Niditchie
1936 - 1941                Joe Bernard
1942 - 1944                Hyacinthe Andre (1st time)     (b. 1910 - d. 2006)

1944                       Andre Coyen                    (d. 1944)
1945 – 1980                Hyacinthe Andre (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1980 - 1982                Napoleon "Nap" Norbert         (b. 1917 - d. 2003)
1983 - 1990                Grace Blake (f) (1st time)
1990                       Louisa Andre (f)
1990 – 1993                Peter Ross (1st time)
1993 – 1996                Grace Blake (f) (2nd time)
1996 - 1998                Morris Blake
1998 - 2000                Grace Blake (f) (3rd time)
2000 - 2007                Peter Ross (2nd time)
2007 - 2011                Frederick Blake
2011 - 2018                Phillip Blake (1st time)
2018 - 2019                Russel Andre
2019 -                     Phillip Blake (2nd time)


Inuvik

1982                       Separated from Aklavik (Inuvik), under the Treaty No. 11,
                             no reserve.
1992                       Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement.

Chiefs

1982 - 1991                CeCe McCauley (f)
1991 - 2003                James B. Firth
2003 - 2008                Richard Nerysoo
2008 - 2017                Herbert P. Blake
2017 - 2020                Larry Neyando

2020 -                     Robert Charlie-Tetlichi


Jean Marie River

[Jean Marie
                  River First Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1991                       Separated from Fort Simpson (Jean Marie River), under the Treaty
                             No. 11, no reserve.

Chiefs

1991 - 199.                Stanley Sanguez (1st time)
bf.1997 - 2000             Yvonne Norwegian (f)
2000 - 2002                Stanley Sanguez (2nd time)
2002 - 2005                Fred Norwegian
2005 - 2008                Stanley Sanguez (3rd time)
2008 - 2011                Isidore Simon
2011 - 2014                Stanley Sanguez (4th time)
2014 - 2018                Gladys M. Norwegian (f)
2018 - 2021                Stanley Sanguez (5th time)

2021 - 2023                Nolene Hardisty (f)
2023 -                     Melanie Norwegian (f)


Ka'a'gee Tu

[Ka'a'gee Tu First
                  Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1992                       Separated from Fort Providence (Ka'a'gee Tu), under the Treaty
                             No. 11, no reserve.

Chief
1992 -                     Lloyd G. Chicot



K'atl'odeeche

[K'atlodeeche First
                  Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1900                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Hay River).
1992/97                    Renamed Hay River Dene.
1999                       Renamed K'atl'odeeche.

Chiefs

1900 - 19..                "Sunrise"
c.1926                     Lamalice
c.1949                     Casimir Lamalice
c.19..                     John Lamalice
1965 - 1971                Edward Fabian                  (b. 1919 – d. 2004)
1971 - af.1974             Daniel Sonfrere
c.1980                     Patrick Martel (1st time)
c.1982                     Ted Bugghins
bf.1987 - 1988             Patrick Martel (2nd time)
1988 - 1990                Roy J. Fabian (1st time)
1990 - 2002                Patrick Martel (3rd time)
2002 - 2006                Roy J. Fabian (2nd time)
2006 - 2009                Alec Sunrise
2009 - 2018                Roy J. Fabian (3rd time)
2018 - 2024                April Martel (f
)
2024 -                     Elaine Auger (f)



Liidlii Kue

[Dehcho
                            Nation Flag (NWT, Canada)]
Dehcho Nation Flag

1921                       Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Simpson), no reserve.
1911 - 1966                Fort Simpson Indian Agency established (closed 1953-1961).
1997                       Renamed Łíídlii Kué.

Chiefs

1921 - 19..                Antoine Nakekon
bf.1959 - 1974             Baptiste Cazon
1974 - 1977                James L. Antoine (1st time)
1977 - 1979                ....
1979 - 1985                James L. Antoine (2nd time)
1985 - 1989                Gerald Antoine (1st time)
1989 - 19..                James L. Antoine (3rd time)
c.1990                     Alfred Horesay
c.1991                     James L. Antoine (4th time)
c.1992                     Gerald Antoine (2nd time)
199. - 1997                Herbert A. Norwegian
1997 - 2003                Rita Cli (f)
2003 - 2009                Keyna Norwegian (f) (1st time)
2009 - 2012                James L. Antoine (5th time)
2012 - 2013                Keyna Norwegian (f) (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                Minnie Letcher (f)
2015 - 2021                Gerald Antoine (3rd time)

2021 -                     Kele Antoine


Lutsel K'e Dene

[Lutsel K'e Dene First
                  Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1900                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Dogrib of Resolution),
                             no reserve.
c.1960                     Renamed Snowdrift.
1992                       Renamed Łutsël K'é Dene.

Chiefs

1900 - 1915                Henry Snuff                    (d. 1915)
1915 – 1926                Joseph Baptiste
1926 – 1931                François Lockhart
1931 – 1933                John J. Lockhart
1934 – 1935                Jean Marie Beaulieu            (d. 1935)
1936 – 1960                Pierre Frise
1961 – 1967                Joseph Lockhart (1st time)
1967 – 1971                Pierre Catholique
1971 – 1979                Joseph Lockhart (2nd time)
1979 – 1982                Phillip Desjarlais
1982 – 1990                Felix J. Lockhart (1st time)
1990 – 1994                Antoine Michel (1st time)
1994 – 2000                Felix J. Lockhart (2nd time)
2000 – 2002                Florence Catholique (f)
2002 – 2006                Archie Catholique
2006 – 2008                Adeline Jonasson (f)
2008 – 2010                Steven Nitah
2010 – 2012                Antoine Michel (2nd time)
2012 - 2014                Dora Enzoe (f)
2014 - 2017                Felix J. Lockhart (3rd time)
2017 - 2022                Darryl Marlowe
 
2022 -                     James Marlowe


Nahanni Butte

[Nahanni Butte
                  (NWT, Canada)]

1990                       Separated from Fort Liard (Nahanni Butte), under the Treaty
                             No. 11, no reserve.

Chiefs

1990                       David Konisenta
1990 - af.1992             Peter D. Marcellais (1st time)
bf.1997 - 1998             Leon H. Konisenta (1st time)
1998 - 2000                Peter D. Marcellais (2nd time)
2000 - 2004                Leon H. Konisenta (2nd time)
2004                       Peter D. Marcellais (3rd time)
2004 - 2007                Eric Betsaka
2007 - 2009                Morris Vital
2009 - 2012                Fred J. Tesou
2012 - 2013                Clayton Konisenta
2013 - 2015                Michael Matou
2015 - 2018                Peter D. Marcellais (4th time)
2018 - 2021                Darrell Betsaka

2021 -                     Steve Vital


Pehdzeh Ki


[Pehdzeh Ki First Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1921                       Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Wrigley), no reserve.
1992/97                    Renamed Pehdzeh Ki.

Chiefs
1921 - 19..                Julian Yendo
c.1973                     David Horsey
bf.1980 - af.1982          Gabriel Hardisty (1st time)
c.1987                     Timothy Lennie (1st time)
bf.1988 - af.1990          Gabriel Hardisty (2nd time)
c.1991                     Alma Ekenale (f)
bf.1992 - 2001             Timothy Lennie (2nd time)
2001 - 2002                Percy Hardisty
2002 - 2004                Timothy Lennie (3rd time)
2004 - 2006                David Moses
2006                       Gabriel Hardisty (3rd time)
2006 - 2007                Timothy Lennie (4th time)
2007 - 2009                Darcy E. Moses (1st time)
2009 - 2013                Timothy Lennie (5th time)
2013                       Sharon Pellissey (f)
2013 - 2015                Timothy Lennie (6th time)
2015 - 2017                Darcy E. Moses (2nd time)
2017 - 2020                Maurice Moses

2020 - 2024                Lloyd J. Moses
2024 -                     Jesse Nekenyia-Moses



Salt River

[Salt River First
                  Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Smith).
1911 - 1966                Fort Smith Indian Agency established (closed 1924-1958).
1962                       Renamed Fitz/Smith.
1992                       Renamed Salt River.

Chiefs

1899 - 1931                Pierre Squirrel                (b. 1848 - d. 1939)
1931 - 1957                Abraham Luichville
1957 - 1958                Alex Maurice
1958 - 1962                Vacant
1962 - 1963                John Paulette
1963 - 1965                Vacant
1965 - 1966                Simon J. Waquan
1966 - 1968                Frederick Gibot
1968 - 1969                Alexander Beggar
1969 - 1970                Vacant
1970 - 1971                Eddy Bird                       (d. 1971)
1971 - 1974                Francois Paulette
1974 - 1975                Henry H. Beaver (1st time)
1975 - 1980                Joseph Cheezie
1980 - 1982                Albert R. Beaver
1982 - 1985                Raymond Beaver
1985 - 1986                John Benwell
1986 - 1987                Michael Beaver
1987 - 1990                Henry H. Beaver (2nd time)
1990 - 1998                Jerry Paulette
1998 - 2000                Nora Beaver (f)
2000 - 2002                James Schaefer (1st time)
2002 - 2004                Victor Marie
2004 - 2007                James Schaefer (2nd time)
2007 - 2011                Frieda E. Martselos (f) (1st time)
2011 - 2013                David Poitras (1st time)
2013 - 2019                Frieda E. Martselos (f) (2nd time)

2019 - 2022                David Poitras (2nd time)
2022                       Toni Heron (f) (1st time)
2022 - 2024                Brad Laviolette (acting)
2024 -                     Toni Heron (f) (2nd time)


Sambaa K'e Dene

[Sambaa K'e Dene (NWT,
                  Canada)]

1990                       Separated from Fort Liard (Sambaa K'e Dene), under the
                             Treaty No. 11, no reserve.

Chiefs

1990 - af.1991             Edward Jumbo
bf.1992 - 2006             Dennis Deneron
2006 -                     Dolphus Jumbo



Teetl'it Gwich'in

[Gwich’in Nation Flag (NWT,
                                Canada)]
Gwich'in Nation Flag

[Teetl'it Gwich'in
                      Council Flag (NWT, Canada)]
Teetl'it Gwich'in Council Flag
1921                       Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort McPherson), no reserve.
1992                       Renamed Tetlit Gwich'in.
1992                       Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement.
2018                       Renamed Teetl'it Gwich'in.

Chiefs

1921 - 1948                Julius Salu                    (b. 1875 - d. 1948)
1948 - 1960                Johnny Kay
1960 - 1971                John A. Tetlichi
1970 - 1973                Francis J. Francis
1973 - 1975                John Itsi
1975 - 1985                John D. Charlie
1985 - 1989                James Ross (1st time)
1989 - 1991                Robert A. Alexie
1991                       Mary Teya (f) (acting)
1991 - 1994                James Ross (2nd time)
1994 - 1995                Joseph Tetlichi
1995 - 1999                William R. Koe (1st time)
1999 - 2004                Abraham Wilson
2004 - 2007                Johnny W. Kay
2007 - 2010                Wilbert Firth
2010 - 2016                William R. Koe (2nd time)
2016 - 2022                Wanda Pascal (f
)
2022 -                     Elizabeth Wright (f)



Tulita Dene

[Sahtu
                            Nation Flag (NWT, Canada)]
Sahtu Nation Flag

1921                       Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Norman), no reserve.
1938 – 1955                Fort Norman Indian Agency established.
1994                       Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land
                             Claims Agreement.
1996                       Renamed Tulita Dene.

Chiefs

1921 - 19..                Albert Wright
c.1973                     Paul Baton
c.1975                     Frank J. Andrew (1st time)
bf.1980 - af.1982          Paul Wright (1st time)
c.1987                     Gordon Yakeleya (1st time)
bf.1988 - 1990             Paul Wright (2nd time)
1990                       Therese Etchinelle (f)
1990 - 1991                Norman Yakeleya
1991 - af.1992             David J. Etchinelle (1st time)
c.1993                     Fred Doctor
bf.1997 - 1999             Gordon Yakeleya (2nd time)
1999 - 2001                Frank J. Andrew (2nd time)
2001 - 2003                Maurice Mendo
2003 - 2005                David J. Etchinelle (2nd time)
2005 - 2015                Frank J. Andrew (3rd time)
2015 - 2017                David J. Etchinelle (3rd time)
2017 -                     Frank J. Andrew (4th time)



West Point

[West Point First Nation
                  (Northwest Territories, Canada)]

1993                       Organized under the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (West Point)
                             from members of several First Nations, no reserve.

Chiefs
199. - 1997                Theodore Cayen
1997 - 1998                Florence Cayen (f)(1st time)
1998 - 2002                Karen Thomas (f) (1st time)
2002 - 2003                Leon Thomas
2003 - 2004                Robert Cayen                
2004 - 2006                Karen Thomas-Felker (f) (2nd time)
2006 - 2007                Sonya Cayen (f) (acting)
2007 - 2010                Vacant
2010 - 2011                Abner L. Cayen
2011 - 2013                Gwen Cayen (f)
2013 - 2016                Courtney T. Cayen
2016 - 2019                Becky Cayen (f
)
2019 -                     Kenneth Cayen


Wha Ti (Whati)

[Wha Ti (Whati) First Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1996                       Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Wha Ti), under the Treaty No.
                             11, no reserve.
2005                       Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government
                             Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of
                             Whati (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged).

Chiefs
199. - 1999                Isadore Zoe
1999 - 2009                Charlie J. Nitsiza
2009 - 2025                Alfonz J. Nitsiza 
2025 -                     Charlie J. Nitsiza      



Yellowknives Dene

[Yellowknives Dene
                  First Nation (NWT, Canada)]

1900                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Yellowknife), no reserve.
1953 – 1966                Yellowknife Indian Agency established.
1990                       Renamed Yellowknives Dene.
1999                       Administered jointly by chiefs of main community of Dettah
                             and chiefs (formerly sub-chiefs) of N'dilo.

Chiefs

1900 - 1913                Emile Drygeese                 (d. 1913)
1914 - 1928                Joseph Drygeese
1928 - 1936                Baptiste Drygeese
1936 - 1937                William Crapeau (1st time)
1937 - 1938                Joe Crapeau
1938 - 1949                William Crapeau (2nd time)
1949 - 1974                Joseph Sangris
1974 - 1979                Joseph Sanspariel
1979 - 1987                Isadore Tsetta
1987 - 1999                Jonas J. Sangris
Chiefs of Detah
1999 - 2002                Richard Edjericon
2002 - 2007                Peter Liske
2007 - 2023                Edward Sangris
2023 -                     Ernest N. Betsina
Chiefs of N'dilo
1999 - 2002                Peter Liske
2002 - 2005                Darrel K. Beaulieu
2005 - 2009                Fred Sangris (1st time)
2009 - 2013                Ted Tsetta
2013 - 2021                Ernest N. Betsina
2021 -                     Fred Sangris (2nd time)


Nova Scotia

Note: The relations between Micmac and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of Micmac, see Eskasoni. All reserves in Nova Scotia were considered single Indian band by Canada until 1958.



Wasoqopa’q (Acadia)

[Acadia First Nation (Nova
                Scotia, Canada)]

17/18th cent.              Known as La Have.
1820                       First of several reserves set aside.
1965                       Named Acadia.
2024                       Renamed Wasoqopa'q.

Chiefs
c.1605                     Messamouet
c.1722                     Claude Couachinouil
c.1726                     Antoine Egigish
c.1752                     Claude Gigigish
c.1758                     Paul Laurent                   (d. af.1766)               
c.1761                     Francis Muse
bf.1897 - 1971             None
1971 - 1978                Charles W. Labrador (1st time) (b. 1932 – d. 2002)
1978 - af.1982             Charles Paul
1986 - 1988                Charles W. Labrador (2nd time) (s.a.)
1988 -                     Deborah D. Robinson (f)


Annapolis Valley

1851                       First of several reserves set aside.
c.1950                     Known as Annapolis Valley (became name of band).

Chiefs
1959 - 1961                Michael Francis

1961 - 1965                Charles Phillips
1965 - 1969                John A. Smith
1969 - 1970                Marshall J. Smith
1970 - 1971                Rita M. Smith (f) (1st time)   (b. 1918 – d. 1996)
1971 - 1976                Gerald Toney
1976 - 1982                Rita M. Smith (f) (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1982 - 1992                David J. Toney
1992 - 1997                Lawrence L. Toney
1997 - 2011                Brian J. Toney
2011 - 2015                Janette B. Peterson (f)
2015 -                     Gerald B. Toney


Bear River


17th cent.                 Known as Port Royal.
18th cent.                 Known as Annapolis Royal.
1820                       Bear River reserve set aside (gave name to band).

Chiefs
15.. - 1611                Mawpiltu                       (b. c.1525 - d. 1611)

                             (from 1610, Henri Membertou)
c.1722                     Thomas Albason
c.1726                     Baptiste Thomas
c.1730                     Jean-Baptiste
17.. - 1824                Vacant
1824 - 1833                Andrew J. Meuse                (d. af.1850)
1833 - 184.                Jack Glode
1843 - 1846                Gabriel Anthony                (d. 1846)
bf.1849 - af.1855          Peter P. Toney
bf.1870 - af.1872          James Meuse (1st time)
bf.1895 - 1898             Malti Pictou
1898 - af.1923             James Meuse (2nd time)
bf.1946 - 1963             Louis Peters
1963 - 1975                Richard J. McEwan     (b. 1908 – d. 1991)
1975 - 1979                ....
1979 - 1987                John G. McEwan
1987 - 2001                Frank S. Meuse (1st time)
2001 - 2003                Sherry Pictou (f)
2003 - 2007                Frank S. Meuse (2nd time)
2007 – 2009                Theresa Meuse (f)
2009 - 2011                Carol D. Thompson (f) (1st time)
2011 - 2013                Frank S. Meuse (3rd time)
2013 -                     Carol D. Thompson (f) (2nd time)
                             (from 2015, Carol D. Potter)


Eskasoni

[Mi'kmaq
                          national flag (Canada)]
Mi'kmaq National Flag  Adopted 4 Oct 1900
[Mi'kmaq Grand
                          Council flag]
Mi'kmaq Grand Council Flag  Adopted c.1900

1610                       Micmacs (or Mi’kmaq) in alliance with the French.
1725                       Ally (from 1761, subject) of the British (except 1744-52,
                             and 1755-61).
1749                       Grand chief of the Micmac, residing at the Chapel Island
                            (from 1869, at Eskasoni), recorded for the first time (1752-1760
                             and 1814-1895 the position also is claimed by chiefs of
                             Shubenacadie).
1832                       Eskasoni reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1942 – 1971                Eskasoni Indian Agency established (1872-1942 there were up to
                             19 part-time Indian agencies in Nova Scotia, they are not
                             recorded in his record).
1958                       Grand chief of Micmac ceased to be chief of the Micmacs of Cape
                             Breton
Island (from 1958 the office of the Grand Chief
                             continued as traditional leadership).


Chiefs of Cape Breton Island (originally Isle Royale) (title: Saqmaw)
c.1716                     Isidorus
c.1722                     Jean Michaux
17.. – 1750                Michel Denny                   (d. 1750)

1750 – 1778                Jeannot Pequidalouet           (b. c.1705 – d. 17..)
c.1783                     Lemable Janot
1792 – 1958                the Grand Chiefs of Micmac
Grand Chiefs of Micmac (title Kji’saqmaw wjit Mi’kmaq)
c.1749                     Tomah Denys
1792 – 1818                Francis Basque
1818 – 1842                Michael Tomah                  (d. 1842)
1842 – 1869                Francis Gregory Tomah
1869 – 1881                John Denny                     (b. c.1807 - d. 1881)
1881 – 12 Apr 1918         John B. Denny, Jr.             (b. 1841 – d. 1918)
1918 – May 1963            Gabriel J. Sylliboy            (b. 1874 – d. 1963)
                             (acting to 1 Aug 1919)
Jun 1964 - 25 Aug 1991     Donald Marshall                (b. 1925 – d. 1991)
Sep 1991 - 30 Nov 2017     Benjamin "Ben" Sylliboy        (b. 1941 - d. 2017)
                             (acting to 1992)
Chiefs of Eskasoni (title: Saqmaw)
1958 – 19..                ....
bf.1963 - 1966             Charles Francis
1966 – af.1969             Lawrence Paul
1970 - af.1976             Dan K. Stevens
1978 – 1990                Allison M. Bernard (1st time)  (b. 1941 – d. 2007)
1990 – 1992                Leonard Paul
1982 – 2000                Allison M. Bernard (2nd time)  (s.a.)
2000 - 2006                Blair Stephen Francis
2006 – Feb 2010            Charles Joe Dennis
Nov 2010 -                 Leroy D.C. Denny               (b. 1976)



Glooscap

[Glooscap First Nation (Nova
                Scotia, Canada)]

1984                       Separated from Annapolis Valley (Horton).
2002                       Renamed Glooscap.

Chiefs

1984 - 1989                Rita M. Smith (f)              (b. 1918 – d. 1996)
1989 - 1994                Joseph B. Peters               (b. 1921 – d. 1996)
1994 - 2012                Shirley M. Clarke (f)
2012 -                     Sidney C. Peters



Membertou

[Membertou First Nation
                (Nova Scotia, Canada)]

1882                       Sydney reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1985                       Renamed Membertou.

Chiefs

1958 - 1966                Benjamin E. Christmas          (b. 1896 – d. 1966)
1966 - 1968                Lawrence Paul                  (b. 1925 – d. 2010)
1968 - 1971                Ray Gould        
1971 - 1972                Gordon MacDonald
1972 - 1976                John P. Ginnish                (b. 1929 – d. 2010)
1976 - 1984                Alexander Christmas
1984 -                     Terrence J. Paul




Millbrook

1886                       Truro reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1985                       Renamed Millbrook.

Chiefs 

1908 - 1916                Joseph Gould                   (d. af.1918)
1916 - 1957                Joseph Julian                  (b. 1872 – d. 1957)
1957 - 1959                Vacant
1959 - 1969                Gerald Gloade (1st time)
1969 - 1971                Rachel M. Marshall (f)         (b. 1910 – d. 1987)
1971 - 1974                Gerald Gloade (2nd time)
1974 - 1978                Stephen J. Gloade
1978 - 1984                Stanley Johnson
1984                       Lawrence A. Paul (1st time)    (b. 1934 - d. 2014)
1984 - 1986                Stephen Marshall
1986 - 2012                Lawrence A. Paul (2nd time)    (s.a.)
2012 -                     Robert J. Gloade



Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw

[Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw Nation
                (Nova Scotia, Canada)]

18th cent.                 Known as Antigonish.
1820                       Afton reserve set aside (gave name to band).
2003                       Renamed Paq’tnkek.
2012                       Renamed Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw Nation.

Chiefs
c.1722                     Jean Chebacoureg
c.1759                     Rene La Morne           
c.1783                     Anthony Bernard
bf.1897 - 1912             Vacant
1912 - 1920                Frank S. Prosper               (d. 1920)
1920 - 192.                Francis Paul
1927 - 19..                Thomas Francis
19.. - 1959                Vacant
1959 - 1961                Frank Simon
1961 - 1967                Wilfred J. Prosper
1967 - 1969                Noel Lafford
1969 - 1971                Peter F. Pierro (1st time)     (b. 1916 - d. 1989)
1971 - 1973                ....
1973 - 1989                Peter F. Pierro (2nd time)     (s.a.)

bf.1990 - af.1991          Noel Francis
bf.1992 - af.1997          Kerry G. Prosper
bf.2001 - 2013             M. Gerard Julian
2013 - 2020                Paul J. Prosper

2020 - 2022                Tma Francis
2022 -                     Cory Julian (interim to 2023)


Pictou Landing

18th cent.                 Known as Pictou.
1865                       First of several reserves set aside.
c.1896                     Known as Pictou Landing (became name of band).

Chiefs
c.1722                     Charles Isadsighinaua       
c.1759                     Jeannot Pectougawash
c.1783                     Paul Chachegonouet
c.1871                     Abraham Beetle
bf.1896 - af.1899          John Logan
c.1910                     Matthew Francis (1st time)
c.1916                     Aleck Moose
bf.1918 - af.1923          Matthew Francis (2nd time)
c.1946                     Louis Sappier
19.. - 1959                Vacant
1959 - 1967                Louis J. Francis

1967 - af.1982             Raymond Francis                (d. 2008)
bf.1985 - af.1993          Roderick P. Francis
c.1994                     Alden Francis
c.1997                     Albert W. Denny
bf.2001 - af.2006          Anne Francis-Meuse (f)
bf.2009 - 2011             Aileen Francis (f)
2011
- 2023                Andrea E. Paul (f)
2023 -                     Tamara Young (f) 


Potlotek


1827                       Chapel Island reserve set aside (gave name to band).
2012                       Renamed Potlotek.

Chiefs

1958 - 1960                John Basque (1st time)         (b. 1922 – d. 1996)
1960 - 1972                ....
1972 - 1973                Noel Doucette (1st time)       (b. 1938 – d. 1996)
c.1982                     John Basque (2nd time)         (s.a.)
bf.1987 - af.1991          George W. Johnson
bf.1992 - 1996             Noel Doucette (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1996 - af.1998             Lindsay R. Marshall       
2002 - 2008                Wilbert Marshall (1st time)
2008 - 2010                Kenneth Basque
2010 -                     Wilbert Marshall (2nd time)



Sipekne’katik

[Sipekne’katik First Nation
                (Nova Scotia, Canada)]

1752 - 1895                Chiefs of Shubenacadie claimed position of Grand Chief of
                             Micmac (except 1760-1814).
1820                       Shubenacadie reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1942 - 1971                Shubenacadie Indian Agency established.
2015                       Renamed Sipekne’katik.

Chiefs
c.1722                     Joseph Bomgabouidetche
c.1726                     Jean-Baptiste Pon
bf.1752 - 1760             Jean-Baptiste Cope             (b. 1698 – d. 1760)
1760 - af.1761             Claude Rene
bf.1783 - 1814             Paul Peminuit                  (d. 1814)
1814 - 1843                Louis Benjamin Paul            (b. 1755 – d. 1843)
1843 - 1856                Francis Paul
1856 - 1895                James Peter Paul               (b. 1800 - d. 1895)
1895 - 1911                John Noel                      (d. 1911)
1911 - 1912                Newell McDonald
1913 - 1916                Simon Basque
1916 - 1919                Isaac Sack
1919 - 1921                Vacant
1921 - 1924                William Paul (1st time)
1924 - 1930                Vacant
1930 - 1933                William Paul (2nd time)
1933 - 1936                John B. Maloney
1936 - 1939                William Paul (3rd time)
1939 - 1942                Vacant
1942 - 1944                John Marr
1945 - 1951                Stephen J. Knockwood (1st time)
1951 - 1952                John A. Bernard (1st time)
1953 - 1956                Stephen J. Knockwood (2nd time)
1956 - 1958                John A. Bernard (2nd time)
1958 - 1962                Ivan Knockwood
1962 - 1964                John S. Knockwood (1st time)   (b. 1933 – d. 2007)
1964 - 1970                Simon Nevin
1970 - 1974                John S. Knockwood (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1974 - 1976                Reginald Maloney (1st time)
1976                       Clarence Marr
1976 - 1978                Reginald Maloney (2nd time)
1978 - 1980                John S. Knockwood (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1980 - 1982                Reginald Maloney (3rd time)
1982 - 1988                John S. Knockwood (4th time)   (s.a.)
1988 - 1990                Peter Julian
1990 - 2004                Reginald Maloney (4th time)
2004 - 2008                Alexander P. McDonald
2008 - 2012                Jerry F. Sack
2012 - 2016                Rufus Copage
2016 - 2022                Michael P. Sack

2022 -                     Michelle Glasgow (f)


Wagmatcook

1827                       Middle River reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1976                       Renamed Wagmatcook.

Chiefs
1958 -  19..                ....
c.1973                     Peter Bernard
1978 - af.1990             Benedict Pierro
bf.1991 - af.1992          Francis Pierro
1994 - 2002                Mary L. Bernard (f)
2002 - 2010                Lester M. Peck
2010 -                     Norman F. Bernard



We’koqma’q L'nue'kati
 
1827                       Whycocomagh reserve set aside (gave name to band).
1998                       Renamed Waycobah.
2016                       Renamed We'koqma'q.
2023                       Renamed We’koqma’q L'nue'kati.

Chiefs
1958 - 1960                Andrew Phillips
1960 - 1962                Joseph N. Prosper (1st time)
1962 - 1964                Charles Bernard
1964 - 1966                Joseph N. Prosper (2nd time)
1966 - 1970                Simon Googoo
1970 - 1972                Noel J. Bernard
1972 - 1976                Wayne R. Googoo                (b. 1945 – d. 1976)
1976 - 1982                Ryan C. Googoo
1982 - 1992                Roderick A. Googoo (1st time)
1992 - 2004                J. Morley Googoo (1st time)
2004 - 2006                Alexander Googoo
2006 - 2011                J. Morley Googoo (2nd time)
2011 - 2020                Roderick A. Googoo (2nd time)
2020 - 2024                Annie Bernard-Daisley (f)
2024 -                     John L. Bernard

 
Nunavut
  


Ontario


Note: There are 123 First Nations in Ontario. Currently recorded here are: (1) 29 First Nations (13 constituent nations of the Six Nations of the Grand River counted as one) in the south-eastern part of the province that are located within area of the pre-1850 treaties; (2) 18 largest First Nations by registered native on-reserve population in 2010 (the ones whose population exceeded 800) covered by the Robinson Treaties (four nations), Treaty No. 3 (three nations), Treaty No. 5 (three nations) or Treaty No. 9 (eight nations).

The First Nations in Ontario currently not recorded here are: (1) Covered by the Robinson Huron Treaty of 1850 – Atikameksheng Anishnawbek, Batchewana, Dokis, Henvey Inlet, Magnetawan, Mississauga, Serpent River, Shawanaga, Temagami, Thessalon, Wahnapitae, Wasauksing, and Whitefish River; (2) Covered by the Robinson Superior Treaty of 1850 - Animbiigoo Zaagi'igan, Biigtigong Nishnaabeg, Biinjitiwabik Zaaging, Bingwi Neyaashi, Gull Bay, Long Lake, Michipicoten, Netmizaaggamig Nishnaabeg (to 2022, Pic Mobert), Pays Plat, Red Rock, and Whitesand; (3) Covered by the Treaty No. 3 of 1873 - Animakee Wa Zhing, Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing, Anishnabe of Wauzhushk Onigum, Couchiching, Eagle Lake, Iskatewizaagegan, Lac Des Mille Lacs, Gakijiwanong Anishinaabe (Lac La Croix to 2023), Mitaanjigamiing, Naicatchewenin, Naotkamegwanning, Nigigoonsiminikaaning, Niisaachewan, Northwest Angle, Ojibway of Saugeen, Ojibways of Onigaming, Rainy River, Seine River, Shoal Lake, Wabauskang, Wabigoon Lake, and Washagamis Bay; (4) Covered by the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 – Kee-Way-Win, McDowell Lake, North Spirit Lake, and Poplar Hill; (5) Covered by the Treaty No. 9 of 1905 - Apitipi Anicinapek (to 2022, Wahgoshig), Aroland, Bearskin Lake, Brunswick House, Cat Lake, Chapleau Cree, Chapleau Ojibway, Flying Post, Fort Severn, Ginoogaming, Kingfisher, Martin Falls, Matachewan, Mattagami, Missanabie Cree, Muskrat Dam Lake, Neskantaga, Nibinamik, North Caribou Lake, Sachigo Lake, Slate Falls, Taykwa Tagamou, Wapekeka, Wawakapewin, Webequie, Weenusk, and Wunnumin.


There were the following Indian agencies not recorded below under individual First Nations: Parry Sound (to 1898, Western Superintendency-2nd Division, 1873-1970), Kenora (to 1889 Assabaskasing, 1889-1906 Rat Portage, 1879-1969), Savanne (1879-1936), Couchiching (from 1903 Fort Frances, 1879-1936), Thessalon (1898-1938), Chapleau (1906-1967), Nakina (1955-1972).

Aamjiwnaang

[Aamjiwnaang First Nation
                    (Ontario, Canada)]

1796                       Treaty with the British (Chippewas of St.Clair).
1827                       Reserve established.
1836                       Renamed Chippewas of Sarnia.
1873 - 1969                Sarnia Indian agency (to 1898, Western Superintendency –
                             1st Division).
1999                       Renamed Aamjiwnaang.

Head chiefs

bf.1796 - 1824             Animkeence                     (d. 1824)
1825 - 1844                Joshua Wawanosh (1st time)     (b. 1786 - d. 1871)
1844 - 1848                Mishibizhe
1848 - 1852                Joshua Wawanosh (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1852 - 1867                David B. Wawanosh              (d. 1867)
1867 - 1871                Joshua Wawanosh (3rd time)     (s.a.)
1871 - 1874                Nicholas Plain                 (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
Chiefs
1874 - 1877                William Wawanosh
1877 - 1882                John Sumner
1882 - 1884                Nicholas Plain                 (s.a.)
1884 - 1898                Francis Wilson Jacobs (1st time)
1898 - 1901                William W. Wawanosh
1901 - 1907                Francis Wilson Jacobs (2nd time)
1907 - 1910                Peter Rodd
1910 - 1919                Elijah Maness (1st time)
1919 - 1922                Daniel Otter
1922 - 1934                Elijah Maness (2nd time)
1934 - 1940                Nicholas Plain, Jr.
1940 - 1946                Telford Adams (1st time)
1946 - 1949                Kenneth F. Plain
1949 - 1956                Telford Adams (2nd time)
1956 - 1958                Lloyd Williams
1958 - 1964                Telford Adams (3rd time)
1964 - 1966                Christopher Adams              (d. 1966)
1966 - 1969                Frederick H. Plain
1969 - 1970                Aylmer Plain
1970 - 1976                Gerald Maness
1976 - 1988                William R. Rogers (1st time)
1988 - 1998                Philip A. Maness (1st time)
1998 - 2000                William R. Rogers (2nd time)
2000 - 2005                Philip A. Maness (2nd time)
2005 - 2016                Christopher T. Plain (1st time)
2016 - 2018                Joanne Rogers (f)
2018 - 2024                Christopher T. Plain (2nd time)
2024 -                     Janelle Y. Nahmabin (f)


Albany

[Fort Albany
                          First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]
Fort Albany
[Kashechewan
                          First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]
Kashechewan

1905                       Signed the Treaty No.9 (Albany).
1929 - 1967                James Bay Indian agency.
1977                       Divided into two separately governed groups: Fort Albany and
                             Kashechewan.

Chiefs of Albany

1906 - 1919                Andrew Wesley                  (d. 1919)
1920 - 1929                Moses Wesley (1st time)
1929 - 1933                Isaiah Sutherland
1933 - 1938                Moses Wesley (2nd time)
1938 - 1947                Walter Stephen
1947 - 1957                Simeon Scott
1957 - 1964                James Wesley (1st time)
1964 - 1967                Abraham Metat
1967 - 1969                James Wesley (2nd time)
1969 - 1971                William Stephen
1971 - 1973                William Wesley
1973 - 1975                John Nakogee
1975 - 1977                Silas Wesley
Chiefs of Fort Albany
1977 - 1979                Silas Wesley
1979 - 1980                Alex Metatawabin (1st time)
1980 - 1981                Louie Nakogee (1st time)
1981 - 1983                Alex Metatawabin (2nd time)
1983 - 1985                Louie Nakogee (2nd time)
1985 - 1986                Simeon Solomon
1986 - 1988                Louie Nakogee (3rd time)
1988 - 1992                Edmund Metatawabin (1st time)  (b. 1948)
1992 - 1994                Edward Metatawabin (1st time)
1994 - 1996                Edmund Metatawabin (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1996 - 1998                Edward Metatawabin (2nd time)
1998 - 2006                Mike Metatawabin
2006 - 2012                Andrew Solomon (1st time)
2012 - 2014                Rex Knapaysweet
2014 - 2018                Andrew Solomon (2nd time)
2018 - 2020                Joseph Metatawabin
2020 - 2022                Robert Nakogee
2022 -                     Elizabeth Kataquapit (f)
Chiefs of Kashechewan
1977 - 1979                William Stephen
1979 - 1983                Silas Wesley (1st time)
1983 - 1986                Daniel Kooses (1st time)
1986 - 1987                Leo Friday (1st time)
1987 - 1988                William Wesley
1988 - 1989                Leo Friday (2nd time)
1989 - 1990                Jonathan Solomon (1st time)
1990 - 1991                Silas Wesley (2nd time)
1991 - 1993                Daniel Kooses (2nd time)
1993 - 1995                Andrew Reuben
1995 - 1997                Oliver Wesley
1997 - 2000                Daniel Kooses (3rd time)
2000 - 2006                Leo Friday (3rd time)
2006 - 2012                Jonathan Solomon (2nd time)
2012 - 2015                Derek Stephen
2015 - 2021                Leo Friday (4th time)

2021 - 2024                Gaius G. Wesley
2024 -                     Hosea R. Wesley


Alderville

[Alderville
                          First Nation former flag (Ontario, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Alderville
                          First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]
Current Flag

1783                       Treaty with the British (Mississaugas of the Bay of Quinte).
1836                       Renamed Alnwick, reserve set aside.
1882 - 1938                Alnwick (to 1892, Alderville) Indian agency.
1923                       Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.
1937                       Renamed Alderville.

Head chief

1826 - 1876                John Sunday (Shawundis)        (b. c.1795 - d. 1876)
Chiefs
1876 - 1882                Mitchell Chubb (1st time)
1882                       Peter Crowe (1st time)
1882 - 1895                Mitchell Chubb (2nd time)
1895 - 1901                Peter Crowe (2nd time)
1901 - 1904                John Sunday, Jr. (1st time)
1904 - 1909                Moses M. Marsden
1909 - 1912                Robert Franklin (1st time)
1912 - 1913                John Sunday, Jr. (2nd time)
1913 - 1916                Thomas Marsden
1916 - 1919                Peter Crowe (3rd time)
1919 - 1921                Peter Comego
1921 - 1922                Ernest Crowe (1st time)
1922 - 1924   
             Robert Franklin (2nd time)
1924 - 1926   
             John Smoke
1926 - 1932  
              Norman Marsden (1st time)
1932 - 1934  
              Ernest Crowe (2nd time)
1934 - 1937   
             Norman Marsden (2nd time)
1937 - 1940   
             Ernest Crowe (3rd time)
1940 - 1950   
             Norman Marsden (3rd time)
1950 - 1953   
            John Beaver
1953 - 1956   
            Norman Marsden (4th time)
1956 - 1958   
            Peter Crowe
1958 - 1961   
             Glen Crowe
1961       
               Alfred Loukes
1961 - 1963  
              Kenneth Marsden (1st time)
1963 - 1967   
             Borden Crowe
1967 - 1971   
            Kenneth Marsden (2nd time)
1971 - 1975   
             Daniel Simpson
1975 - 1977   
            Leonard C. Gray (1st time)
1977 - 1983   
            Glen V. Marsden
1983       
               Leonard C. Gray (2nd time)
1983 - 1987  
              John P. Crowe
1987 - 1991   
             Nora Bothwell (f) (1st time)
1991 - 1993   
            Leonard C. Gray (3rd time)
1993 - 1995   
            Nora Bothwell (f) (2nd time)
1995 - 1997   
            Leonard C. Gray (4th time)
1997 - 2001   
            Wes Marsden
2001 - 2003   
            Randall S. Smoke
2003 - 2019   
            James R. Marsden
2019 - 2023        
       David Mowat
2023 -                     George H. Simpson


Algonquins of Pikwakanagan

[Algonquins of
                  Pikwakanagan First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1856                       Arrived from Quebec (Golden Lake), formerly part of the
                             Algonquins of Lake of
Two Mountains (see under Kitigan Zibi).
1873                       Reserve set aside (no treaty).
1879 - 1967                Golden Lake Indian agency.
1999                       Renamed Algonquins of Pikwakanagan.

Chiefs
1856 - af.1862             Michel Pesantawatch
bf.1873 - 1884             Eneas Mukwa
1884 - 1888                Seymour Eneas
1888 - 1896                Joseph Partridge (1st time)
1896 - 1899                Frank Baptiste Pesniwatch
1899 - 1900                Narcisse Enias                 (d. 1900)

1900 - 1903                Joseph Partridge (2nd time)
1903 - 1905                Matthew Bernard (1st time)     (b. 1876 - d. 1972)
1905 - 1909                Lemah Sarazin
1909 - 1913                Matthew Bernard (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1913 - 1914                Angus Amikons
1914 - 1925                Matthew Bernard (3rd time)     (s.a.)
1925 - 1931                Paul Benoit
1931 - 1932                Lemable Sarazin
1932 - 1938                Peter Meness
1938 - 1944                William Tenniscoe
1944 - 1947                Samson V. Amikons
1947 - 1950                James Lavalley
1950 - 1959                Daniel Sarazin
1959 - 1961                Anna Whiteduck (f)
1961 - 1963                Arthur Benoit
1963 - 1975                William Commanda
1975 - 1978                Henry D. Tennesco              (d. 1978)
1978 - 1987                Clifford Meness (1st time)     (b. 1949)
1987 - 1989                Gregory J. Sarazin (1st time)
1989 - 1993                Clifford Meness (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1993 - 1999                Robert P. Whiteduck
1999 - 2003                Lisa Ozawanimke (f)
2003 - 2020                Kirby J. Whiteduck
2020 - 2023                Wendy A. Jocko (f)
2023 -                     Gregory J. Sarazin (2nd time)


Attawapiskat

[Attawapiskat First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1929                       Separated from Albany (Attawapiskat), under the Treaty No. 9
                             of 1905.

Chiefs
1929 - 1932                Xavier Chookomoolin
1932 - 1941                John Nakooche
1941 - 1944                David Hookemawillillene
1945 - 1948  
             James Kataquapit
1948 - 1951  
             John Nakogee
1951 - 1957  
             Alex Wesley
1957 - 1960  
             Xavier Tookata
1960 - 1964  
             Joseph Iahtail
1964 - 1967  
             George Kebokee
1967 - 1969  
             James Wesley
1969 - 1971  
             Antoine Wheesk (1st time)
1971 - 1973  
             Emile Nakogee (1st time)
1973 - 1975  
             Antoine Wheesk (2nd time)
1975 - 1977  
             Emile Nakogee (2nd time)
1977 - 1981  
             Fred P. Wesley (1st time)
1981 - 1983  
             Louis Sutherland
1983 - 1984  
             John B. Nakogee
1984 - 1987  
             Reginald Loutitt (1st time)
1987 - 1988  
             Fred P. Wesley (2nd time)
1988 - 1991  
             Reginald Loutitt (2nd time)
1991 - 2001  
             Ignace Gull (1st time)
2001 - 2004  
             Theresa Hall (f) (1st time)
2004 - 2007  
             Mike Carpenter
2007 - 2010  
             Theresa Hall (f) (2nd time)
2010 - 2015  
             Theresa M. Spence (f)
2015 - 2016  
             Joseph B. Shisheesh
2016 - 2019  
             Ignace Gull (2nd time)
2019 - 2022    
           David Nakogee
2022 -                     Judy S. Koostachin (f)



Aundeck-Omni-Kaning

[Aundeck-Omni-Kaning First
                Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1862                       Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided
                             (Ojibways of Sucker
Creek).
2003                       Renamed Aundeck-Omni-Kaning.

Chiefs
1862 - 1889                George Abotossaway             (b. c.1825 - d. 1889)

1889 - 1906                Charles G. Abotossaway         (b. 1861 - d. 1950)
                             (1st time)
1906 - 1910                George Abotossaway, Jr.
1910 - 1913                Thomas Shokan
1913 - 1950                Charles G. Abotossaway         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1950 - 1955                Stanley McGraw (1st time)
1955 - 1957                Lawrence Madahbee (1st time)
1957 - 1959                Stanley McGraw (2nd time)
1959 - 1961                David Nahwegahbow (1st time)
1961 - 1963                Lawrence Madahbee (2nd time)
1963 - 1967                David Nahwegahbow (2nd time)
1967 - 1969                Levi Owl
1969 - 1971                Lawrence Madahbee (3rd time)
1971 - 1973                Clayton F. Abotossaway         (b. 1937 – d. 2005)
                            
(1st time)
1973 - 1975                Ivan Madahbee
1975 - 1979                Lawrence Madahbee (4th time)
1979 - 1985                Clayton F. Abotossaway         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1985 - 1993                Patrick Madahbee (1st time)
1993 - 1996                Joann Esquimaux (f)
1996 - 1999                Diane Abotossaway (f)
1999 - 2008                Patrick Madahbee (2nd time)
2008 - 2011                D. Craig Abotossaway
2011 -                     Patsy Corbiere (f)


Beausoleil

[Beausoleil First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1785                       Treaty with the British (Chippewas of Penetanguishene).
1842                       Renamed Beausoleil, reserve set aside.
1856 - c.1938              Renamed Christian Island.
1882 - 1969                Christian Island (to 1898, Penetanguishene) Indian agency.
1923                       Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.

Head chiefs

c.1798                     Essens I
bf.1815 - 1847             Essens II                      (b. 1793 - d. 1847)
                             (from 1828, John Assance)
1847 - 1874                John Assance, Jr.              (d. 1882)
Chiefs  
1874                       David Assance
1874 - 1877                George Monague
1877 - 1887                Noah Assance                   (d. 1887)
1888 - 1894                Samuel Assance
1895 - 1897                George Copegog
1897 - 1899                John Monague
1899 - 1901                Thomas Peters (Kadijidwon)
                             (1st time)
1901 - 1907                Jeremiah D. Monague
1907 - 1910                David J. Assance               (d. 1910)
1910                       Peter Monague (acting)
1910 - 1913                Thomas Peters (2nd time)
1913 - 1915                Josiah G. Monague
1915 - 1918                William P. Assance
1918 - 1922                James L. King                  (d. 1922)
1922                       Frank Copegog (acting)
1922 - 1924                Henry Jackson
1924 - 1927                John Hawk
1927 - 1930                Albert Monague (1st time)
1930 - 1936                Robert Marsden (1st time)
1936 - 1939                Edward King
1939 - 1944                Albert Monague (2nd time)
1944 - 1945                Roy Essance
1945 - 1948                Robert Marsden (2nd time)
1948 - 1951                Edmond Sandy                   (d. 1963)
1951 - 1954                Simpson King
1954 - 1956                Leonard Monague (1st time)
1956 - 1960                Riley Roote (1st time)
1960 - 1962                Lewis Jackson
1962 - 1964                Riley Roote (2nd time)
1964 - 1966   
             Leonard Monague (2nd time)
1966 - 1968   
             Riley Roote (3rd time)
1968 - 1978  
              Rodney Monague (1st time)
1978 - 1980   
             Roger Jackson
1980 - 1986   
             Rodney Monague (2nd time)
1986 - 1988   
             Bernard B. McCue
1988 - 1990   
             Rodney Monague (3rd time)
1990 - 1996   
             B. Jeffrey Monague
1996 - 2000   
             Paul C. Sandy (1st time)
2000 - 2002   
            Valerie Monague (f) (1st time)
2002 - 2003   
            Paul C. Sandy (2nd time)
2003 - 2006   
            Valerie Monague (f) (2nd time)
2006 - 2010   
             Rodney A. Monague
2010 - 2016   
             Roland M. Monague
2016 - 2018   
             Mary McCue-King (f)
2018 - 2021      
         Guy Monague
2021 -                     Joanne P. Sandy (f)


Caldwell

[Caldwell First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

c.1835                     A remnant of former Chippewas of Point Pelee and possibly
                             Potawatomi emigrants from the U.S. (Caldwell), no treaty, later
                             for a while considered a part of Walpole Island.
1931 - 1938                Caldwell Indian agency.
2020                       Reserve set aside for the first time.

Chiefs

bf.1845 - 1884             William Caldwell (Madwayosh)   (d. 1884)
1884 - af.1905             Robert Caldwell
bf.1918 - af.1927          Archie Dodge
bf.1937 - 1941             Leonard Dodge
1941 - 1975                Vacant
1975 - 1987                Carl Johnson
1987 - 2007                Larry Johnson
2007 - 2018                Louise Hillier (f)
2018 - 2020                Mary F. Duckworth (f)(1st time)
2020 - 2021                Robyn Perkins (f) (acting)
2021 - 2024               
Mary F. Duckworth (f)(2nd time)
2024 -                     Nikki A. Van Oirschot (f)


Chippewas of Georgina Island

[Chippewas of Georgina
                Island First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1785                       Treaty with the British.
1830                       Known as Chippewas of Snake Island, reserve set aside.
c.1880                     Renamed Chippewas of Georgina Island.
1883 - 1956                Georgina Island (to 1914, Lake Simcoe) Indian agency.
1923                       Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.

Chiefs

bf.1828 - 1861             Joseph Snake (Kinebigonini)    (d. 1861)
1861 - 1869                Simpson Bigsail                (d. 1869)
1869 - 1872                George Charles                 (d. 1872)
1872 - 1875                George McCue
1875 - 1884                Thomas BigCanoe
1884 - 1911                Charles BigCanoe
1911 - 1913                Jacob Charles
1913 - 1929                John E. BigCanoe               (d. 1929)
1929 - 1932                James S. York (1st time)
1932 - 1938                Wellington Charles
1939 - 1914                James R. Asquabe
1941 - 1947                James S. York (2nd time)
1947 - 1955                Lorenzo C. BigCanoe
1955 - 1956                Charles L. BigCanoe (1st time)
1956 - 1957                Richard I. Charles
1957 - 1959                John Charles
1959 - 1963                Charles L. BigCanoe (2nd time)
1963 - 1967                Leslie McCue
1967 - 1971                Andrew BigCanoe
1971 - 1981                Hugh BigCanoe
1981                       Terrence BigCanoe
1981 - 1989                Angus Scelbe
1989 - 1993                James C. Charles
1993 - 2003                William McCue
200. - 2007                Brett Mooney
2007 -                     Donna L. BigCanoe (f)


Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point

[Chippewas of Kettle and
                Stony Point First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1919                       Separated from Aamjiwnaang (Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point).

Chiefs

1919 - 1922                Cornelius Shawnoo
1922 - 1928                John J. Milliken
1928 - 1934                Sam Bressette
1934 - 1940                Caleb Shawkence
1940 - 1943  
             Frank Bressette (1st time)
1943 - 1946   
            Bruce Milliken
1946 - 1949   
            Frank Bressette (2nd time)
1949 - 1952   
            Wilfred Shawkence
1952 - 1954   
            Frank Bressette (3rd time)
1954 - 1956   
            Earl Bressette
1956 - 1958   
            David Bressette
1958 - 1970   
            Thomas Bressette
1970 - 1976   
            Charles Shawkence (1st time)
1976 - 1978   
            Frederick F. Bressette
1978 - 1981   
            Charles Shawkence (2nd time)
1981 - 1982   
            Victor H. George
1982 - 1984   
            Milton L. George
1984 - 1988   
            Charles K. Shawkence
1988 - 1990   
            Yvonne Bressette (f)
1990 - 1992   
            Thomas M. Bressette (1st time)   (b. 1955 - d. 2022)
1992 - 1994   
            Carl George
1994 - 1997   
            Thomas M. Bressette (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1997 - 1998   
            Irving George
1998 - 2000  
             Norm Shawnoo
2000 - 2008   
            Thomas M. Bressette (3rd time)   (s.a.)
2008 - 2012   
            Elisabeth J. Cloud (f)
2012 - 2018  
             Thomas M. Bressette (4th time)   (s.a.)
2018 - 2022   
            Jason M. Henry
2022 -                     Kimberly D. Bressette (f)


Chippewas of Nawash

[Chippewas of Nawash First
                Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1836                       Saugeen Peninsula reserve established by treaty.
1854                       Reserve divided (Chippewas of Nawash).
1882 - 1958                Cape Croker Indian agency.

Head chiefs

bf.1833 - 1854             John Thomas Wahbadick          (d. 1867)
1854 - 1867                Peter Jones (Kegedonce)        (b. 1812 - d. 1910)
1868 - 1893                William Bruce McGregor         (b. 1844 - d. 1907)
Chiefs
1893 - 1907                William Bruce McGregor         (s.a.)
1907 - 1913                Edward Keeshig
1913 - 1922   
            Charles K. Jones (1st time)
1922 - 1925   
            John W. Keeshig
1925 - 1934   
            Charles K. Jones (2nd time)
1934 - 1940   
            Oliver Johnston
1940 - 1949   
            Thomas Jones (1st time)        (d. 1956)
1949 - 1952   
            Peter C. Nadjiwon
1952 - 1954   
            Thomas Jones (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1954 - 1956   
            Arthur Jones
1956       
               Thomas Jones (3rd time)        (s.a.)
1956 - 1958   
            Joseph Akiwenzie (1st time)
1958 - 1960   
            John C. Jones                  (d. 1960)
1960 - 1962  
             Orville Johnson
1962 - 1964 
              Vernon Jones
1964 - 1967   
            Wilmer Nadjiwon (1st time)
1967 - 1968   
            Joseph Akiwenzie (2nd time)
1968 - 1974  
             Wilmer Nadjiwon (2nd time)
1974 - 1976   
            Franklin Solomon (1st time)
1976 - 1977   
            Wilmer Nadjiwon (3rd time)
1977 - 1983   
            Franklin Solomon (2nd time)
1983 - 1988   
            Peter J. Akiwenzie
1988 - 1989   
            Howard M. Jones  
1989 - 2005   
            Ralph Akiwenzie (1st time)     (b. 1946 - d. 2011)
2005 - 2007   
            Paul Nadjiwan
2007 - 2011   
            Ralph Akiwenzie (2nd time)     (s.a.)
2011 - 2013   
            Scott Lee
2013 - 2015   
            Arlene F. Chegahno (f)
2015 - 2021      
         Gregory P. Nadjiwon (1st time)
2021 - 2023                Veronica L. Smith (f)
2023 -                     Gregory P. Nadjiwon (2nd time)


Chippewas of Rama

[Chippewas of Rama First
                Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1785                       Treaty with the British (Chippewas of Lake Simcoe).
1838                       Renamed Chippewas of Rama, reserve set aside.
1883 - 1967                Rama (from 1956, Simcoe) Indian agency.
1923                       Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.
1996 - 2008                Renamed Chippewas of Mnjikaning.
1996                       Casino opened.

Head chiefs

bf.1776 - 1817             Wezaawindibe "Yellow Head"
1817 - 1864                Miskwaaki                      (b. c.1769 - d. 1864)
                             (from 1828, William Yellowhead)
1864 - 1885                Joseph Benson (Nanigishkung)   (d. 1899)
Chiefs      
1885 - 1896                Joseph Benson                  (s.a.)
1896 - 1902                John Kenice                    (d. 1902)
1902 - 1909                Samuel Benson (Nanigishkung)
1909 - 1915                James B. Stinson
1915 – 1933   
            Alder York (1st time)
1933 – 1936   
            Samuel Snache
1936 – 1939   
            Alder York (2nd time)
1939 - 1942   
            Samuel Williams
1942 - 1945   
            Wilfred Benson
1945 - 1951   
            Alder York (3rd time)
1951 – 1954   
            Gordon R. Douglas
1954 – 1956   
            Emelius Benson (1st time)
1956 – 1958   
            George A. Sawyer
1958 – 1962   
            Irvin J. Douglas (1st time)
1962 – 1964   
            Emelius Benson (2nd time)
1964 – 1968   
            Irvin J. Douglas (2nd time)
1968 - 1970   
            Norman V. Stinson (1st time)
1970 – 1972   
            Irvin J. Douglas (3rd time)
1972 - 1986   
            Norman V. Stinson (2nd time)
1986 - 1988   
            Edward A. Williams
1988 – 1990   
            Norman V. Stinson (3rd time)
1990 – 1992   
            George St. Germain
1992 – 1994   
            Norman V. Stinson (4th time)
1994 - 2000   
            Lorraine McRae (f)
2000 - 2014   
            Sharon Stinson-Henry (f)
2014 - 2020   
            Rodney M. Noganosh
2020 -       
             Edward "Ted" Williams


Chippewas of the Thames

[Chippewas of the Thames
                (Ontario, Canada)]

1790                       Treaty with the British (Chippewas of the Thames).
1819                       Reserve established.
1873 - 1969                Caradoc Indian agency (to 1898, Western Superintendency
                             – 2nd Division).

Head chiefs

bf.1818 - 1830             Tommago                        (b. c.1775 - d. 1830)
1830 - 1837                ....
1837 - 1852                John K. Riley                  (b. 1802 - d. 1852)
bf.1864 - 1881             John T. Henry                  (d. af.1899)
First chiefs
1881 - 1884                Joseph Fisher (1st time)       (b. 1839 - d. 1911)
1884 - 1888                John T. Henry                  (s.a.)
1888 - 1895                Joseph Fisher (2nd time)       (s.a.)
Chiefs  
1895 - 1908                Joseph Fisher                  (s.a.)
1908 - 1911   
            Samuel French
1911 - 1914   
            Wilfred Riley
1914 - 1923   
            George E. Fisher
1923 - 1935   
            Elijah Burch
1935 - 1945   
            Joseph Deleary                 (d. 1945)
1945 - 1950   
            George French (1st time)
1950 - 1952   
            Clarence Silver
1952 - 1953   
            Arletta Silver (f)
1953 - 1961   
            George French (2nd time)
1961 - 1965   
            Kenneth Albert
1965 - 1966   
            George French (3rd time)
1966 - 1973   
            Harry Miskokomon
1973 - 1977   
            Vaughan Albert (1st time)
1977 - 1979   
            Ether E. Deleary (1st time)
1979 - 1981   
            Terry G. Henry (1st time)
1981 - 1985   
            Ether E. Deleary (2nd time)
1985 - 1987   
            Terry G. Henry (2nd time)
1987 - 1989   
            Ether E. Deleary (3rd time)
1989 - af.1995   
         Delbert Riley                  (b. 1941)
bf.1997 - 2003   
         Richard K. "Joe" Miskokomon
                             (1st time)
2003 - 2007   
            Kelly Riley
2007 - 2009   
            Vaughan Albert (2nd time)
2009 - 2015   
            Richard K. "Joe" Miskokomon
                             (2nd time)
2015 - 2017   
            Leslee A. Whiteye (f)
2017 - 2019   
            Arnold Henry
2019 - 2023        
        Jacqueline French (f)
2023 -                     Richard K. "Joe" Miskokomon
                             (3rd time)


Constance Lake

[Constance Lake First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1918                       Separated from Albany (English River), under the Treaty No. 9
                             of 1905.
1944                       Renamed Constance Lake.

Chiefs

1918 - 1921                John Wesley
1921 - 1944                John Faries
1944 - 1947   
            Abraham Sutherland (1st time)
1947 - 1953   
            John Sutherland
1953 - 1955   
            Peter Bird (1st time)
1955 - 1960   
            George Ferris
1960 - 1962   
            Abraham Sutherland (2nd time)
1962 - 1964   
            Jimmy Sutherland
1964 - 1967   
            Peter Bird (2nd time)
1967 - 1969   
            Bertie Sutherland
1969 - 1971   
            Edgar Sutherland (1st time)
1971 - 1975   
            Peter Bird (3rd time)
1975 - 1977   
            Edgar Sutherland (2nd time)
1977 - 1984   
            Bentley Cheechoo
1984 - 1985   
            Stanley Stephens
1985 - 1989   
            Edgar Sutherland (3rd time)
1989 - 1990   
            Tommy Mattinas
1990 - 1993 
              Mark Spence
1993 - 1995  
             Stanley Stevens
1995 - af.2000  
          Raymond Ferris
bf.2003 - 2011  
          Arthur Moore
2011 - 2013   
            Roger H. Wesley
2013 - 2015  
             Fred J. Sackenay
2015 - 2021      
         Richard L. Allen (1st time)
2021 - 2023                Ramona W. Sutherland (f)
2023 -                     Richard L. Allen (2nd time)


Curve Lake

[Curve Lake First
                  Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1787                       Treaty with the British.
1837                       Known as Mississaugas of Mud Lake, reserve set aside.
1845                       Constitution adopted.
1923                       Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.
c.1938                     Renamed Curve Lake.

Chiefs
bf.1830 - 1863             Peter Nogee                    (d. 1876)

1863 - 1887                Joseph Whetung                 (b. 1817 - d. 1887)
1887 - 1907                Joseph Irons
1907 - 1910                Joseph Whetung, Jr.
1910 - 1913                Alfred McCue
1913 - 1943                Daniel E. Whetung
1943 - 1951                George H. Coppaway             (d. 1951)
1952 - 1953                James R. Coppaway
1954 - 1962                Elsie M. Knott (f) (1st time)  (b. 1922 – d. 1995)
1962 - 1970                Dalton Jacobs
1970 - 1976                Elsie M. Knott (f) (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1976 - 1980                Douglas Williams
1980 - 1990                Aubrey Coppaway (f)
1990 - 1992                Melville W. Jacobs
1992 - 1996                Irvin "Keith" Knott (1st time)
c.1997                     Gary E. Williams
2000 - 2012                Irvin "Keith" Knott (2nd time)
2012 - 2019                Phyllis Williams (f)
2019 - 2022                Emily Whetung-McInnes (f)
2022 -                     Irvin "Keith" Knott (3rd time)


Deer Lake

[Deer Lake First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1985                       Separated from Sandy Lake (Deer Lake), under the Treaty No. 5
                             of 1875.

Chiefs

1978 - 1980                David Meekis
1980                       Abel Rae
1980 - 1982                Gordon Meekis
1982 - 1983                Douglas Meekis
1983 - 1984                Delbert Kakekagumick
1984 - 1986                Saggius Rae
1986 - 1989                Moses Mamakeesic (1st time)
1989 - 1990                Ennis Meekis
1990 - 1992                Fred Meekis
1992                       Saulas Rae
1992 - 199.                Moses Mamakeesic (2nd time)
1994 - af.1995             Raney Quill
bf.1997 - 2009             Royal Meekis
2009 - 2019                Roy D. Meekis
2019 - 2021                Mickie Meekis
2021 -                     Lenard E. Mawakeesick


Eabametoong

[Eabametoong
                          First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]
Adopted 1985

1905                       Signed the Treaty No. 9 (Fort Hope).
1992                       Renamed Eabametoong.

Chiefs

c.1901                     Moonias
190. - 1905                Yesno                          (d. 1907?)
1905 - 1911                Katchang                       (d. 1911?)
1911 - 1915                Harry Oaskineegish
1915 - 1929                Papah
1929 - 1944                John Bois
1944 - 1947                Charles Wabano
1947 - 1953                John Boyce
1953 - 1957                Stanley Wabasse
1957 - 1959                Coster Wabasse
1960 - 1962                Edward O'Keese (1st time)
1962 - 1969                Louis Waswa (1st time)
1969                       Edward O'Keese (2nd time)
1969 - 1971                Joseph Nate
1971 - 1972                Mathew Yellowhead
1972 - 1973                Louis Waswa (2nd time)
1973 - 1976   
            Cornelius Nate (1st time)
1976 - 1978   
            Charlie O'Keese (1st time)
1978 - 1986   
            Harvey Yesno (1st time)
1986 - 1989   
            Solomon Atlookan (1st time)
1989 - 1991   
            Harvey Yesno (2nd time)
1991 - af.1995   
         Cornelius Nate (2nd time)
199. - 1997   
            Solomon Atlookan (2nd time)
1997 - af.2001   
         Cornelius Nate (3rd time)
bf.2003 - 2007   
         Charlie O'Keese (2nd time)
2007 - 2009   
            Solomon Atlookan (3rd time)
2009 - 2011   
            Lewis P. Nate
2011 - 2013   
            Harry G. Papah
2013 - 2019  
             Elisabeth Atlookan (f)
2019 - 2021      
         Harvey Yesno (3rd time)
2021 -                     Solomon Atlookan (4th time)


Fort William

[Fort William First
                  Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1850                       Signed the Robinson Superior Treaty (Fort William).
1875 - 1968                Port Arthur Indian agency (to 1898, Northern Superintendency
                             – 4th Division).

Chiefs

c.1798                     Peau de Chat
c.1821                     Joseph Lapouche Chat
c.1828                     John L’Illinois (Ininway)      (d. 1868)
bf.1848 - 1851             Joseph Peau de Chat            (b. c.1810 - d. 1851)
                             (also c.1850 principal chief of Lake Superior Chippewa)
c.1852                     Jacob Wassabe
bf.1869 - 1879             William Crow
1880 - 1883                Jean-Baptiste Penaisse (1st time)
1883 - 1886                John Pierre
1886 - 1889                Thomas Bouche (1st time)
1889 - 1892                Andrew Bannon (1st time)
1892 - 1895                Alex Singleton
1895 - 1897                Thomas Bouche (2nd time)
1897 - 1898                Joseph Singleton
1898 - 1904                Moses McCoy (1st time)
1904 - 1907                Jean-Baptiste Penaisse (2nd time)
1907 - 1910                Moses McCoy (2nd time)
1910 - 1913                Henry Scott
1913 - 1915                Luke Bouchie
1915 - 1917                James Louis
1918 - 1921                Peter Louis
1921 - 1924                Frank Pelletier (1st time)
1924 - 1926                Andrew Bannon (2nd time)
1927 - 1930                Alex McCoy
1930 - 1968                Frank Pelletier (2nd time)
1968 - 1970                Louis Pelletier
1970 - 1972                Howard Bannon
1972 - 1979                Leonard Pelletier
1979 - 1980                Leo L. Bannon (1st time)
1980 - 1988                Harvey Charlie
1988 - 1991                Christie Pervais (f) (1st time)
1992 - 1994                Leo L. Bannon (2nd time)
1994 - 1996                Christie Pervais (f) (2nd time)
1996 - 1998                Leo L. Bannon (3rd time)
1998 - 2007                Peter W. Collins (1st time)
2007 - 2009                Harold F. Pelletier
2009 - 2013                Peter W. Collins (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                Georjann M. Morriseau (f)
2015 - 2023                Peter W. Collins (3rd time)

2023 -                     Michele B. Solomon (f)


Garden River

[Garden River First
                  Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1820                       British party of Chippewas of Sault Ste. Marie (see Sault Ste.
                             Marie Chippewa, in the U.S.) separated from the U.S. party.
1835                       Split into Garden River and Batchewana.
1850                       Signed the Robinson Huron Treaty.
1873 - 1972                Sault Ste. Marie Indian agency (to 1898, Northern
                             Superintendency – 3rd Division).

Head chiefs

1819 - 1835                Joseph Sayer (Nabenaigoching)  (b. 1810 - d. 1899)
                             (head chief of Batchewana 1835-1899)
1835 - 1854                Augustus Shingwauk             (b. 1773 - d. 1854)
                            (Zhingwaakoons "Little Pine")
                            (first chief of Sault Ste. Marie 1813-1819;
                             also c.1850 principal chief of Lake Huron Chippewa)
1854 - 1890                Augustine Shingwauk            (b. 1800 - d. 1890)
Chiefs
1891 - 1896                Henry Pequetchene              (b. 1811 - d. 1900)
1896 - 1898                Jarvis Augustin Pine           (d. 1898)
1898 - 1899                Michael Cadotte
1899 - 1902                George Shingwauk (1st time)    (b. 1838 - d. 1923)
1902 - 1903                Charles Cadotte
1903 - 1923                George Shingwauk (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1924 - 1931                William E. Pine (1st time)     (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
1931 - 1934                Amable Boissoneau (1st time)
1934 - 1940                William E. Pine (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1940 - 1941                Samuel Jones
1941 - 1943                William E. Pine (3rd time)     (s.a.)
1943 - 1946                Amable Boissoneau (2nd time)
1946 - 1962                William E. Pine (4th time)     (s.a.)
1962 - 1964                Richard Pine (1st time)
1964 - 1968                Jack Wigwaus
1968 - 1972                Richard Pine (2nd time)
1972 - 1974                Noel Jones
1974 - 1988                Ronald Boissoneau              (b. 1935 - d. 2000)
1988 - 1990                Dennis W. Jones (1st time)
1990 - 1992                Darrell G. Boissoneau
1992 - 1997                Dennis W. Jones (2nd time)
1997 - 2015                Lyle Sayers
2015 - 2019                Paul Syrette
2019 - 2023                Andy Rickard
 
2023 -                     Karen M. Bell (f)



Grassy Narrows

[Grassy Narrows First
                  Nation flag (Ontario, Canada)]

1903                       Separated from Wabauskang (Grassy Narrows), under the Treaty
                             No. 3 of 1873.

Chiefs

1903 – 1929                Band council [2 headmen]
1929 – 1938                Joe Swain
1938 – 1941                Charles Iassens
1941 – 1942                Alexander Fobister (1st time)
1942 – 1948                Edward L. Hyacinthe
1948 – 1950                John Loon
1950 – 1951                Andrew Pierrot                 (d. 1951)
1952 – 1953   
            Alexander Fobister (2nd time)
1953 – 1958  
             Alexander Keewatin
1958 – 1960   
            Pierre Taypeyejick (1st time)  (d. 1971)
1960 – 1962   
            Edward Hyacinthe
1962 – 1965   
            Robert Kejick
1965 – 1967   
            Andrew Keewatin (1st time)
1967 – 1970   
            Mathew Beaver
1970       
               William Fobister (1st time)
1970       
               Arthur Pahpasay
1970 – 1971   
            Pierre Taypeyejick (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1971 – 1972                Gabriel Fobister
1972 – 1973   
             Arthur Assin
1973 – 1974   
            Joseph D. Beaver
1974       
                Tommy Keesick (1st time)
1974 – 1975   
            Andrew Keewatin (2nd time)
1975 – 1976   
             William Fobister (2nd time)
1976       
               Joseph Quoquat
1976 – 1980   
            Simon R. Fobister (1st time)
1980 – 1981   
            Tommy Keesick (2nd time)
1981 – 1982   
            Arnold Pelly (1st time)
1982       
                Tommy Keesick (3rd time)
1982 – 1984   
             Steve Fobister (1st time)
1984 – 1986   
             Arnold Pelly (2nd time)
1986 – 1989   
            Steve Fobister (2nd time)
1989 – 1992   
            Raphael Fobister
1992 - af.2006  
           William Fobister (3rd time)
bf.2007 - 2018   
          Simon R. Fobister (2nd time)
2018 - 2020   
             Rudy Turtle (1st time)
2020 - 2022      
          Randy Fobister
2022 - 2024                Rudy Turtle (2nd time)
2024 -                     Sherry S. Ackabee (f)


Hiawatha

[Hiawatha First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1787                       Treaty with the British.
1834                       Known as Mississaugas of Rice Lake, reserve set aside.
1882 - 1970                Rice Lake (from 1965, Peterborough) Indian agency.
1923                       Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.
c.1938                     Renamed Hiawatha.

Chiefs

bf.1826 - 1869             George Paudash                 (b. 1792 - d. 1869)
1869 - 1892                Mezang George Paudash          (b. 1818 - d. 1892)
1892 - 1907                Robert Paudash                 (d. 1928)
1907 - 1910                Alfred Crowe (1st time)     
1910 - 1911                Henry Cowie (1st time)
1911 - 1919                Alfred Crowe (2nd time)
1919 - 1928                George Paudash, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1889 – d. 1969)
1928 - 1932                Henry Cowie (2nd time)
1932 - 1952                George Paudash, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
1952 - 1972                Ralph Louckes (1st time)
1972 - 1975                Robert A. Cowie
1975 - 1977                Ralph Louckes (2nd time)
1977 - 1985                Carl F. "Frank" Cowie (1st time)
1985                       Paul E. Coppaway
1985 - 1997                Carl F. "Frank" Cowie (2nd time)
1997 - 2007                Gregory L. Cowie (1st time)
2007 - 2011                Laurie Carr (f) (1st time)
2011 - 2013                Sandra Moore (f)
2013 - 2019                Gregory L. Cowie (2nd time)
2019 -                     Laurie Carr (f) (2nd time)


Kasabonika Lake 

[Kasabonika Lake First
                  Nations (Ontario, Canada)]

1976                       Separated from Kitchenuhmaykoosib (Kasabonika Lake),
                             under the Treaty No. 9 of 1905.

Chiefs

1976 - 1978                Simeon McKay
1978 - 1986                Jeremiah McKay (1st time)
1986 - 1987                Eno C. Anderson
1987 - 1992                Jeremiah McKay (2nd time)
1992 - 1993                Cameron Anderson
1993 - af.1997             Jeremiah McKay (3rd time)
bf.2000 - 2010             Gordon D. Anderson (1st time)
2010 - 2012                Harold E. Anderson (1st time)
2012 - 2014                Gordon D. Anderson (2nd time)
2014 - 2020                Harold E. Anderson (2nd time)
2020 -                     Tom J. Semple


Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug

[Kitchenuhmaykoosib
                  Inninuwug (Ontario, Canada)]

1929                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 9 of 1905 (Big Trout Lake).
1997                       Renamed Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug.
   
Chiefs
bf.1926 - 1937             Sampson Beardy

1937 - 1944                George Winnapetonge
1944 - 1947                David Morris
1947 - 1953                Jeremiah Sainawap
1953 - 1961                Eli Albany (1st time)
1961 - 1964                Joseph Morris
1964 - 1967                Eli Albany (2nd time)
1967 - 1969                Stephen McKay
1969 - 1975                Aglace Chapman
1975 - 1981                Stanley Sainnawap (1st time)
1981 - 1982                Emesiah Beardy
1982 - 1988                Gerald McKay
1988 - 1990                Levi McKay
1990 - af.1995             Stanley Sainnawap (2nd time)
c.1997                     Jacob Ostaman
bf.1998 - 2015             Donald I. Morris (1st time)
2015 - 2017                Patrick J. Cutfeet
2017 -                     Donald I. Morris (2nd time)


Lac Seul

[Lac Seul First
                    Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1873                       Signed the Treaty No. 3 (Lac Seul).
1938 - 1969                Sioux Lookout Indian agency.

Chiefs

1873 - 1892                Napanayyahgaynum               (d. 1892)
                             (John Cromarty)
1893 - 1896                Ackiewance
1896 - 1908                Henry Ackiewance
1908 - 1915                William Ackewance
1915 - 1923   
            John Ackewance
1923 - 1929   
            Paul Thomas
1929 - 1935   
            William Tuckooshequan
1935 - 1941   
            James Sharpe
1941 - 1950  
             John Ross
1950 - 1953   
            Robert Wesley
1953 - 1955   
            James Angecombe
1955 - 1959   
            David Angeconeb (1st time)
1959 - 1961   
            Lawrence Littledeer
1961 - 1964   
            John Bull
1964 - 1968   
            Charlie Chisel
1968 - 1972   
            Frank Quoquat
1972 - 1974   
            David Angeconeb (2nd time)
1974 - 1978   
            Raymond Ningewance
1978 - 1980   
            David Lac Seul
1980 - 1983   
            Percy Ningewance
1983 - 1988   
            Thomas Petewayay
1988 - 1990   
            Roger Bull
1990 - af.1992   
         Roger Southwind
1994 - 1998   
            Roy Carpenter
c.2000       
             Leroy Quoquat
bf.2004 - 2006   
         David Gordon
2006 - 2018    
           E. Clifford Bull (1st time)
2018 - 2020  
             Ernest Maud
2020 -        
            E. Clifford Bull (2nd time)


M’Chigeeng

[M'Chigeeng First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1862                       Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong)
                             divided (West Bay).
1997/99                    Renamed M’Chigeeng.

Chiefs

1862 - af.1863             Louis Debassige (Taibossegai)  (b. c.1836 - d. 18..)
186. - 1872                Bemigwaneshkang (1st time)     (d. 1881)
1872 - 1874                Simon Penessiwabi
1874 - 1881                Bemigwaneshkang (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1881 - 1890                Joseph Naiwotaikeshick         (d. 1890)
1891 - 1895   
            Naiwotaikeshick
1895 - 1898   
            Raphael Wabange
1898 - 1907   
            John Abens
1907 - 1910   
            John Ace
1910 - 1911   
            Alex J. Wabange
1911 - 1914   
            Peter Ace
1914 - 1920   
            Michael Roy                    (d. 1920)
1920 - 1923   
            Joseph P. Debassige (1st time)
1923 - 1926   
            John Trout
1926 - 1935   
            Joseph P. Debassige (2nd time)
1935 - 1944   
            Isaac Bebamash (1st time)
1944 - 1947   
            Dominic Migwans                (d. 1956)
1947 - 1950   
            Isaac Bebamash (2nd time)
1950 - 1953   
            Lazare Debassige
1953 - 1955   
            David Migwans
1955 - 1957   
            Isaac Bebamash (3rd time)
1957 - 1959   
            Andrew Debassige
1959 - 1969   
            Augustine Debassige
1969 - 1979   
            James D. Debassige (1st time)
1979 - 1985   
            Joseph F. Hare (1st time)
1985 - 1987   
            James D. Debassige (2nd time)
1987 - 1989   
            Joseph F. Hare (2nd time)
1989 - 1991   
            Steward Roy
1991 - 1993   
            Joseph F. Hare (3rd time)
1993 - af.2005  
          Glen Hare
200. - 2007  
             Joseph F. Hare (4th time)
2007 - 2009   
            Isadora Bebamash (f)
2009 - 2015   
            Joseph F. Hare (5th time)
2015 - 2023      
         Linda Debassige (f)
2023 -                     Morgan F. Hare


Mishkeegogamang

[Mishkeegogamang First Nation (Ontario,
                          Canada)]Adopted 1986

1905                       Signed the Treaty No. 9 (Osnaburgh).
1993                       Renamed Mishkeegogamang.

Chiefs

bf.1901 - 1908             Daniel Missabay                (d. 1908)
1908 - 1914                George Wawaashkung (1st time)
1914 - 1915                Keewaykeesicquayosh
1915 - 1916                George Wawaashkung (2nd time)
1916 - 1923   
            John Skunk
1923 - 1926   
            Peter Moquano (1st time)
1926 - 1929   
            James Ruben
1929 - 1935   
            John Carpenter
1935 - 1938   
             Peter Moquano (2nd time)
1938 - 1941   
             William S. Oombash
1941 - 1965   
            James Masakeyash (1st time)
1965 - 1967   
            Levius Wesley
1967 - 1969   
            James Masakeyash (2nd time)
1969 - 1971   
             Sam Skunk
1971 - 1975   
             Robert Lastheels
1975 - 1977   
             Daniel Panacheese
1977 - 1978   
             Maurice Loon (1st time)
1978 - 1981   
             Aloysius Kaminaiwash
1981 - 1983   
             Roy Kaminaiwash (1st time)
1983 - 1985   
            Maurice Loon (2nd time)
1985 - 1993   
             Roy Kaminaiwash (2nd time)
1993 - 2006   
             Ronald Roundhead
2006 - 2017   
             Connie Gray-McKay (f)
2017 - 2023      
          David Masakeyash
2023 -                     Merle M. Loon


Mississaugas of the Credit

[Mississaugas of the New Credit First
                            Nation old flag (Ontario, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Mississaugas
                          of the Credit First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]
Current Flag

1784                       Treaty with the British (Mississaugas of the Credit).
1805                       Reserve set aside.
1830                       Constitution (By-laws and Regulations) adopted.
1847                       Relocated to the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve (in 1903
                             purchased part of the reserve, known as New Credit).

1888 - 1938                New Credit (1892-1915 Hagersville) Indian agency.
 8 Jan 2019                Name the Mississaugas of the Credit (and not "New Credit")
                             confirmed.

Head chiefs
bf.1784 - 1796             Wabakinine                     (d. 1796)

1797 - 1812                Ginew-bine "Golden Eagle"      (d. 1812)
1812 - 1829                Ajetance                       (d. 1829)
                             (from 1826, James Ajetance) 
1829 - 1862                Joseph Sawyer                  (b. 1786 – d. 1863)
1862 - 1870                David Sawyer                   (b. 1812 – d. 1889)
Chiefs
1870 - 1874                George King                    (b. 1815 - d. 1874)
1874 - 1877                Peter Edmund Jones (1st time)  (b. 1843 – d. 1909)
1877 - 1880                David Sawyer                   (s.a.)
1880 - 1886                Peter Edmund Jones (2nd time)  (s.a.)
Chief councilors (leaders of municipal style council)
1886 - 1889                James A. Wood (1st time)
1889 - 1891                Charles M. Herchimer
1891 - 1898                Daniel M. McDougall (1st time)
1898 - 1901                Joseph Henry
1901 - 1902                Daniel M. McDougall (2nd time)
1902 - 1903                William King
1903 - 1904                George J. King (1st time)
1904 - 1905                John W. McDougall (1st time)
1905 - 1906                Charles W. Sault (1st time)
1906 - 1907                Daniel M. McDougall (3rd time)
1907 - 1908                James A. Wood (2nd time)
1908 - 1909                David K. Herkimer
1909 - 1910                John W. McDougall (2nd time)
1910 - 1911                James A. Wood (3rd time)
1911 - 1912                William H. Sterling
1912 - 1913                William N. Elliott
1913 - 1914                George J. King (2nd time)
1914 - 1915                Francis L. King (1st time)
1915 - 1916                George J. King (3rd time)
1916 - 1919                Francis L. King (2nd time)
1919 - 1920                Charles W. Sault (2nd time)
1920 - 1921                David W. Laform (1st time)
1921 - 1922                Alfred Henry (1st time)
1922 - 1923                Charles W. Sault (3rd time)
1923 - 1924                David W. Laform (2nd time)
1924 - 1925                Francis L. King (3rd time)
1925 - 1925                Alfred King (1st time)
1926 - 1927                Osborne King
1927 - 1928                David W. Laform (3rd time)
1928 - 1929                Alfred Henry (2nd time)
1929 - 1930                David W. Laform (4th time)
1930 - 1931                Alfred King (2nd time)
1931 - 1932                J. Wesley Laform (1st time)
1932 - 1933                David W. Laform (5th time)
1933 - 1935                John Crain
1935 - 1936                Charles W. Sault (4th time)
1936 - 1937                John Herkimer
1937 - 1938                Francis L. King (4th time)
1938 - 1939                Wilfred B. King
1939 - 1941                Francis L. King (5th time)
1941 - 1942                J. Wesley Laform (2nd time)
1942 - 1943                Francis L. King (6th time)
1943 - 1944                Sylvester Laforme (1st time)
1944 - 1946                Francis L. King (7th time)
1946 - 1948                Albert W. Crain
1948 - 1950                Sylvester Laforme (2nd time)
1950 - 1952                Maurice Laforme
Chiefs
1952 - 1959                Frederick W. King (1st time)   (b. 1930 – d. 1998)
1959 - 1961                Graham W. King
1961 - 1969                Frederick W. King (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1969 - 1973                Frank J. Laforme (1st time)
1973 - 1975                Frederick W. King (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1975 - 1977                Frank J. Laforme (2nd time)       
1977 - 1981                Frederick W. King (4th time)   (s.a.)
1981 - 1985                Frank J. Laforme (3rd time)
1985 - 1987                Frederick W. King (5th time)   (s.a.)
1987 - 1993                Maurice B. Laforme
1993 - 1997                Larry Sault
1997 - 1999                Carolyn King (f)
1999 - 2001                Daniel LaForme
2001 - 2015                M. Bryan LaForme               (b. 1945)
2015 - 2023                R. Stacey LaForme 
2023 -                     Claire Y. Sault (f)


Mississaugas of Scugog Island

[Mississaugas
                          of Scugog Island First Nation old flag
                          (Ontario, Canada)]
Flag to 2019
[Mississaugas of Scugog Island First
                            Nation (Ontario, Canada)]
Adopted 2019

1788                       Treaty with the British.
1843                       Known as Mississaugas of Scugog Island, reserve set aside.
1882 - 1948                Scugog Indian agency.
1923                       Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.
2007                       Casino opened.   

Chiefs
bf.1828 - 1861             Jacob Crane                    (d. 1861)

1862 - 1893                John Johnson                   (d. 1893)
1893 - 1897                Isaac Johnson (1st time)
1898 - 1901                George Goose
1901 - 1920                Isaac Johnson (2nd time)
1920 - 1923                David Elliot
1923 - 1931                Thomas Marsden                 (d. 1931)
1931 - 1941                Charles F. Marsden
1941 - 1944                Arnold Goose
1944 - 1955                Edwin Edgar
1955 - 1959                Ernest Edgar
1959 - 1963                Ronald Edgar (1st time)
1963 - 1967                John Edgar
1967 - 1969                Ronald Edgar (2nd time)
1969 - 1971                George G. Edgar
1971 - 1983                Arnold Goose, Jr.
1983 - 1993                Yvonne Edgar (f)
1993 - 1997                Gary Edgar
1997 - 2001                Rennie B. Goose
2001 - 2013                Tracy L. Gauthier (f)
2013 -                     Kelly LaRocca (f)              (b. 1975)


Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte

[Mohawks of
                  the Bay of Quinte - Tyendinaga Mohawk (Ontario,
                  Canada)]

1784                       Settlement (Bay of Quinte) by the pro-British Mohawk emigrants
                             (1777 – 1784 temporarily settled at Lachine near Montreal) of
                             the Six Nations confederacy from New York State, in the U.S.
                            (for the Six Nations confederacy in the U.S., see under Onondaga).
1793                       Formal British land grant by the treaty.
1835                       Tyendinaga Reserve (from the 1980's, referred also to as the
                             Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory) organized.
1874                       Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte Band Council imposed by Canada, the
                             Council of Chiefs continued to at least 1919 with no recognition
                             by Canada.
1882 – 1970                Tyendinaga Indian agency.

Chiefs

c.1784 - 1874              Council of Chiefs
                           [4-5 lineages of life chiefs]
1874 – 1888                Sampson Green (1st time)       (b. 1842 - d. 1923)
1888 – 1894                Jacob B. Brant
1894 – 1897                Sampson Green (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1897 – 1901                Daniel H. Maracle
1901 – 1903                Andrew Maracle
1903 – 1906                Sampson Green (3rd time)       (s.a.)
1906 – 1907                Acland H. Oronhyatekha         (b. 1869 - d. 1907)
1907 – 1909                Joseph J. Hill
1909 – 1912                Thomas Hill
1912 – 1915   
            Josiah W. Brant (1st time)
1915 – 1918   
            Isaac Claus
1918 – 1921   
            Josiah W. Brant (2nd time)
1921 – 1924   
            John W. Maracle
1924 – 1927   
            Peter J. Brant
1927 – 1930   
            Stephen Maracle
1930 – 1933   
            David H. Barnhart
1933 – 1936   
            Francis John
1936 – 1939   
            Clinton Maracle
1939 – 1940   
            Frank Claus
1940 – 1941   
            Harry M. Hill
1941 – 1942   
            John A. Brant
1942 – 1945   
            Clifford Maracle
1945 – 1951   
            Nelson Green (1st time)
1951 – 1953   
            Robert M. Hill (1st time)
1953 – 1955   
            Nelson Green (2nd time)
1955 – 1959   
            William I. Hill
1959 – 1963   
            Robert M. Hill (2nd time)
1963 – 1967   
            John R. Brant
1967 – 1973   
            Earl R. Hill (1st time)
1973 – 1977   
            William J. Brant
1977 – 1979   
            Donald R. Brant
1979 – 1993   
            Earl R. Hill (2nd time)
1993 -        
            R. Donald Maracle


Moose Cree

[Moose Cree First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1905                       Signed the Treaty No. 9 (Moose Factory).
1993/95                    Renamed Moose Cree First Nation.

Chiefs

1905 - 1909                Frederick Mark
1909 - 1912                Alfred Chum
1912 - 1921                Richard Wamestigoosh (1st time)(d. 1927)
1921 – 1925                B. Achimist
1925 – 1927                Richard Wamestigoosh (2nd time)(s.a.)
1927 – 1933                John Fletcher (1st time)
1933 – 1939                Angus Cheechoo (1st time)
1939 – 1948                John Fletcher (2nd time)
1948 – 1951                Gilbert Faries
1951 – 1954                Munroe Linklater (1st time)
1954 – 1956                Angus Cheechoo (2nd time)
1956 – 1958                Lawrence Cheechoo (1st time)
1958 – 1962   
            John Jeffries
1962 – 1963   
            Lawrence Cheechoo (2nd time)
1963 – 1966   
            Oliver Rickard
1966 – 1968   
            Billy Faries
1968 – 1970   
            Andrew Rickard
1970 – 1972   
            Lawrence Cheechoo (3rd time)
1972 – 1974   
            Robert Vincent
1974 – 1976  
             Sinclair Cheechoo
1976 – 1980   
            Munroe Linklater (2nd time)
1980 – 1982   
            David Fletcher
1982 – 1984   
            Ernest Rickard
1984 – 1988   
            Ernie T. Sutherland
1988 – 1990   
            Fred Wapachee
1990 – 1992   
            Norman F. Wesley
1992 – 2000   
            Ernest C. Beck
2000 – 2005   
            Norman G. Hardisty (1st time)
2005 – 2008   
            Patricia A. Faries-Akiwenzie (f)
                             (1st time)
2008 - 2016   
            Norman G. Hardisty (1st time)
2016 - 2020   
            Patricia A. Faries-Akiwenzie (f)
                             (2nd time)
2020 - 2023      
         Marven Cheechoo 
2023 -                     William P. Wesley


Moose Deer Point

[Moose Deer
                          Point First Nation old flag (Ontario,
                          Canada)]
Former Flag
[Moose Deer
                            Point First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]
Current Flag

1835                       Arrived from the U.S., formerly part of the Huron Potawatomi
                             (see under Nottawaseppi Huron, in the U.S.), settled on the
                             Saugeen Peninsula reserve (see Chippewas of Nawash), later on
                             the Christian Island (see Beausoleil).
1917                       Reserve set aside (Moose Deer Point), no treaty.

Chiefs

1917 - 19..                John King                      (b. c.1856 – d. 19..)
bf.1921 - af.1932          Samuel Isaac
bf.1955 - 1957             Arthur Sandy
1957 - 1961                Nelson Isaac
1961 - 1973                Norman Williams
1973 - 1975                Terrance A. Sandy              (d. 1993)
1975 - 1979                Ralph King (1st time)
1979 - 1981                Beatrice Sandy (f)
1981 - 1983                Ralph King (2nd time)
1983 - 1993                J. Edward Williams (1st time)
1993 - 1995                Laird Hendricks
1995 - 2007                J. Edward Williams (2nd time)
2007 - 2021                Barron F. King
2021 -                     Rhonda A. Williams (f)


Moravian of the Thames

[Moravian of
                          the Thames First Nation old flag (Ontario,
                          Canada)]
Former Flag
[Moravian
                            of the Thames First Nation (Ontario,
                            Canada)]
Current Flag

1793                       Arrived from the U.S. (Moravian of the Thames), formerly part
                             of Delaware (see Delaware Tribe, in the U.S.), reserve set
                             aside (no treaty).
1874 - 1961                Moravian Indian agency (to 1898, Western Superintendency –
                             3rd Division).

Head chiefs

c.1847?                    Timothy Snake                  (d. 1869)
bf.1865 - 1870             Philip Jacobs                  (b. c.1808 - d. 1870)
Chiefs
1870 - 1871                Frederick Jacobs
1871 - 1883                Christopher M. Stonefish (1st time)
1883 - 1886                John Lewis (1st time)
1886 - 1889                Christopher M. Stonefish (2nd time)
1889 - 1892                John Lewis (2nd time)
1892 - 1898                Albert Tobias
1898 - 1904                Christopher M. Stonefish (3rd time)
1904 - 1913                Walter Tobias
1913 - 1919   
             Washington Jacobs
1919 - 1922   
             Emerson Snake
1922 - 1925   
            Archie Peters
1925 - 1937   
             Fred Stonefish
1937 - 1943   
             Barney Logan
1943 - 1949   
             Walker Stonefish
1949 - 1952   
             Omer Peters (1st time)
1952 - 1954   
            Chephas W. Snake
1954 - 1956   
             Bert Noah
1956 - 1962   
            Omer Peters (2nd time)
1962 - 1964   
            John Peters (1st time)
1964 - 1965   
            Omer Peters (3rd time)
1965 - 1968   
            John Peters (2nd time)
1968 - 1972   
            Richard Snake (1st time)
1972 - 1973   
             John Peters (3rd time)
1973 - 1977   
             Richard Snake (2nd time)
1977 - 1979   
             Pliney Stonefish
1979      
                 Richard Snake (3rd time)
1979 - 1983   
             John Peters (4th time)
1983 - 1993   
             Richard Snake (4th time)
1993 - af.1997   
          Phillip Snake
bf.1999 - 2005   
          Leighton Hopkins
2005 - 2007 
               John L. Stonefish
2007 - 2017  
              Gregory C. Peters
2017 - 2023       
        Denise Stonefish (f)
2023 -                     Justin J. Logan


Munsee-Delaware

[Munsee-Delaware Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1783                       Arrived from the U.S. (Munceys of the Thames), formerly part of
                             Delaware (see Delaware Tribe, in the U.S.), no treaty
1819                       Settled on the Chippewas of the Thames reserve (in 1840 purchased
                             part of the reserve).
1989                       Renamed Munsee-Delaware Nation.

Chiefs

c.1835                     "Old Logan"
bf.1860 - 1875             William J. Waddilove (1st time)
1875 - 1878                Isaac Dolson
1878 - 1884                William J. Waddilove (2nd time)
1884 - 1887                Scobie Logan (1st time)        (b. 1836 – d. 1901)
1887 - 1890                William J. Waddilove (3rd time)
1890 - 1896                Scobie Logan (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1896 - 1899                James P. Wolfe
1899 - 1905                Charles Timothy
1905 - 1908                Silas Logan
1908 - 1911   
            Cornelius J. Logan (1st time)   
1911 - 1917   
            John L. Case
1917 - 1920   
            Samuel John
1920 - 1932   
            Cornelius J. Logan (2nd time)
1932 - 1938   
            George Nicholas
1938       
               Joseph Henry
1938 - 1941  
             James Waddilove (1st time)
1941 - 1943   
            William B. Dolson (1st time)
1943 - 1944   
            Walker Stonefish
1944 - 1947   
            Daniel Dolson
1947 - 1949   
            James Waddilove (2nd time)
1949 - 1957   
            William B. Dolson (2nd time)
1957 - 1964   
            Willis Logan
1964 - 1970   
            William B. Dolson (3rd time)
1970       
               Lloyd Nicholas
1970 - 1974   
            William B. Dolson (4th time)
1974 - 1977   
            Leo Nicholas
1977 - 1982   
            Leslie Dolson
1982 - 1984   
            Linwood Nicholas
1984 - af.1997   
         Leroy D. Dolson
c.2002       
             Mark Peters (1st time)
bf.2006 - 2013   
         Patrick Waddilove
2013 - 2020   
            Roger Thomas (1st time)
2020 - 2022      
         Mark Peters (2nd time)
2022 -                     Roger Thomas (2nd time)


Nipissing

[Nipissing First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1850                       Signed the Robinson Huron Treaty (Nipissing).
1904 - 1967                Nipissing (to 1948, Sturgeon Falls) Indian agency.

Chiefs
c.1850                     Shabokishick

bf.1874 - 1888             Jacob Cochai                   (d. 1888)
1889 - 1904                Semo Commanda
1904 - 1910                Louis Beaucage (1st time)
1910 - 1913                Paul Commanda
1913 - 1916                Angus Shabageshic
1916 - 1919                Ernest Cochais (1st time)
1919 - 1925                Charles Goulais
1925 - 1928   
            Louis Beaucage (2nd time)
1928 - 1931   
            Ernest Cochai (2nd time)
1931 - 1937   
            John Ojeck
1937 - 1940   
            Alex Goulais (1st time)
1940 - 1943   
            Ernest Cochais (3rd time)
1943 - 1946   
            Gabriel Anishnabie
1946 - 1949   
            Bernard Commanda               (d. 1949)
1949 - 1952   
            Alex Goulais (2nd time)
1952 - 1958   
            Ernest Cochais (4th time)
1958 - 1962   
            Emery McLeod
1962 - 1967   
            Theodore Commanda              (d. 1967)
1967 - 1968   
            Fred McLeod (1st time)
1968 - 1970   
            Fred Commanda
1970 - 1972   
            Fred McLeod (2nd time)
1972 - 1978   
            Paul Goulais
1978 - 1992   
            Phillip Goulais (1st time)
1992 - 1994  
             Gerald Beaucage
1994 - 2003   
            Margaret M. Penasse-Mayer (f)
2003 - 2006   
            Phillip Goulais (2nd time)
2006 - 2015  
             Marianna Couchie (f)
2015 - 2024     
          Scott McLeod
2024 -                     Cathy A. Bellefeuille (f)


Oneida of the Thames

[Oneida of the Thames First
                  Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1840                       Arrived from the U.S. (Oneida of the Thames), formerly part of
                             Oneida (see Oneida of New York, in the U.S.), reserve set aside
                             (no treaty).
1992 - c.1998              Renamed Onyota’a:ka.
c.1998                     Renamed Oneida Nation of the Thames.

Chiefs

1840 - 1931                Council of Chiefs
                           [9 lineages of life chiefs, title: Lotiyanele’]
1931 - 1934                Isaac Summers
1934 - 1937                Enoch Hill
1937 - 1941                Patterson Cornelius
1941 - 1945   
            Lehigh Cornelius
1945 - 1946   
             Fred Powless
1946 - 1952   
             Cornelius Day
1952 - 1958   
            Manson Ireland
1958 - 1966   
            George Hill (1st time)
1966 - 1968   
            Virginia Summers (f)
1968 - 1970   
             George Hill (2nd time)
1970 - 1972   
            Wilbert Smith
1972 - 1976   
             James Ireland
1976 - 1980   
             Harry E. Doxtator (1st time)
1980       
                George Hill (3rd time)
1980 - 1982  
              Harry E. Doxtator (2nd time)
1982 - 1988   
             Alfred L. Day (1st time)
1988 - 1990   
             Charles Cornelius
1990 - 1994   
            Alfred L. Day (2nd time)
1994 - 1996   
            Harry E. Doxtator (3rd time)
1996 - 1998   
             Kevin A. Doxtator
1998 - 2004   
            Harry E. Doxtator (4th time)
2004 - 2007   
             Randall Phillips (1st time)
2007 - 2014   
            Joel W. Abram
2014 - 2016   
            Sheri L. Doxtator (f)
2016 - 2018   
            Randall Phillips (2nd time)
2018 - 2020   
            Jessica Hill (f)
2020 - 2022       
         Adrian Chrisjohn
2022 -                     Todd Cornelius


Pikangikum

[Pikangikum First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1909                       Separated from Berens River (Pekangekum), under the Treaty
                             No. 5 of 1875.
1938                       Spelling changed to Pikangikum.

Chiefs

1909 – 1926                Band council [2 headmen]
1926 - 1950                John Suggashie
1950 - 1954                Paul Quill
1954 - 1959                Daniel Peters
1959 - 1965   
             David Strang (1st time)
1965 - 1967   
            William Keeper
1967 - 1969   
             David Strang (2nd time)
1969 - 1971   
            Norman Quill (1st time)
1971 - 1973   
            Benjamin Quill (1st time)
1973 - 1974   
            Norman Quill (2nd time)
1974 - 1977   
            Benjamin Quill (2nd time)
1977       
               David Strang (3rd time)
1977 - 1978   
             Banjamin Quill (3rd time)
1978 - 1979   
            David Strang (4th time)
1979 - 1980   
            James Strang
1980 - 1981   
            John J. Suggashie (1st time)
1981 - 1983   
            John T. Strang
1983       
                John J. Suggashie (2nd time)
1983 – 1988   
             Charlie Peters
1988 – 1989   
             Alex Peters (1st time)
1989       
                John J. Suggashie (3rd time)
1989 - 1990   
             Paddy B. Peters (1st time)
1990       
               Patrick Owen
1990 - 1991   
             John J. Suggashie (4th time)
1991       
               Alvin Owen
1991       
               Gary M. Owen
1991       
               Peter Quill (1st time)
1991 - af.1992  
           Alex Strang
c.1994       
              Gordon Peters (1st time)
c.1995       
              Alex Peters (2nd time)
c.1996       
             Jonah Strang (1st time)
c.1997       
             Paddy B. Peters (2nd time)
1999 - 2000   
            Paddy B. Peters (3rd time)
2000 - 2001   
             Peter Quill (2nd time)
2001 - 2002   
            Louis Quill
2002 - 2003   
            Peter Quill (3rd time)
2003 - 2004   
             Paddy B. Peters (4th time)
2004 - 2005   
             Alex Peters (3rd time)
2005 - 2006   
             Dean R. Owen (1st time)
2006 - 2007   
             Charles Pascal
2007 - 2008   
             Dean R. Owen (2nd time)
2008 - 2009   
             Gordon Peters (2nd time)
2009 - 2012   
             Jonah Strang (2nd time)
2012 - 2013   
            Dean R. Owen (3rd time)
2013 - 2015  
              Paddy B. Peters (5th time)
2015 - 2019   
             Dean R. Owen (4th time)
2019 - 2020   
             Amanda Sainnawap (f)
2020 - 2022    
            Dean R. Owen (5th time)
2022 - 2025                Shirley L. Keeper (f)
2025 -                     Paddy B. Peters (6th time)


Sagamok Anishinawbek

[Sagamok Anishinawbek First
                  Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1850                       Signed the Robinson Huron Treaty (Spanish River).
1878 - 1935                Divided into bands No.1-No.3 (No.2 and No.3 were small absentee
                             bands).
1992                       Renamed Sagamok Anishinawbek.

Chiefs (1878-1935 chiefs of band No.1)

c.1823                     L'Espagnol                     (b. 178. - d. 18..)
c.1836                     Frise (Spaniard)
c.1850                     Nahquiagahbow
bf.1857 - 1870             Shaimahgah                     (d. 1870)
1870 - 1876                Shaiwabigah                    (d. 1876)
1876 - 1884                Oningegun                      (d. 1884)
1884 - 1898                Mayousaykezhik
1898 - 1904                Kaibaiossai Shamahgun
1904 - 1907                Abitang
1907 - 1911                Charles Omissijig
1911 - 1913                Frank Geigwetch (1st time)
1913 - 1917   
            Joe Bob (Misquanoquette)
1917 - 1920   
            John Mayousakizhik
1920 - 1932   
            Louis Solomon
1932 - 1935   
            Frank Geigwetch (2nd time)
1935 - 1941   
            William A. Toulouse
1941 - 1944   
            William Bob
1944 - 1950   
            Arthur Jones
1950 - 1962   
            Victor Bennett (1st time)
1962 - 1964   
            Douglas Sissenah
1964 - 1966   
            Victor Bennett (2nd time)
1966 - 1968   
            Richard Nahmawin
1968 - 1980   
            Wilfred Owl (1st time)
1980 - 1984   
            Christopher Owl
1984 - 1990   
            Harvey Trudeau
1990 - 1992   
            Nelson Toulouse
1992 - 1994   
            Wilfred Owl (2nd time)
1994 - 2005   
            Angus Toulouse (1st time)
2005 - 2018   
            Paul Eshkakogan
2018 - 2020   
            William Toulouse
2020 - 2022      
         Alex Ozawanimke
2022 -                     Angus Toulouse (2nd time)


Sandy Lake

[Sandy Lake First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1910                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Deer Lake).
1985                       Renamed Sandy Lake (name Deer Lake passed to a newly
                             separated band).

Chiefs

1891 - 1907                Jack Fiddler                   (b. c.1839 - d. 1907)
1907 - 1939                Robert Fiddler                 (d. 1939)
1939 - 1963                Thomas Fiddler (1st time)
1963 - 1965                Walter Kakepetum
1965 - 1968                Thomas Fiddler (2nd time)
1968 - 1969   
            Stanley Fiddler
1969 - 1970   
            St. John Kakegamick
1970 - 1976   
            Jacob Fiddler
1976 - 1979   
            Saul Fiddler (1st time)
1979 - 1980   
            Andrew Kakepetum (1st time)
1980 - 1982   
            Saul Fiddler (2nd time)
1982 - 1983   
            Andrew Kakepetum (2nd time)
1983 - 1987   
            Josias Fiddler
1987 - 1992   
            Jonas Fiddler
1992 - 1997   
            E. Eli Sawanas (1st time)
1997 - 1998   
            Pardemus Anishinabie (1st time)
1998 - 2000   
            E. Eli Sawanas (2nd time)
2000 - 2002   
            Ennis Fiddler
2002 - 2006   
            Rusty Fiddler
2006 - 2008   
            Pardemus Anishinabie (2nd time)
2008 - 2012   
            Adam F. Fiddler   
2012 - 2018   
            Bartholomew Meekis
2018 -       
             Delores Kakegamic (f)


Saugeen

[Saugeen First Nation
                  (Ontario, Canada)]

1854                       Saugeen Peninsula reserve (see under Chippewas of Nawash)
                             divided (Saugeen).
1882 - 1970                Saugeen (from 1958, Bruce) Indian agency.

Chiefs

bf.1836 - 1850/54          Jacob Metigwob
1850/54 - 1876             John Kadahgegwon               (b. 1805 - d. 1888)
1876 - 1889                Henry H. Madwayosh             (b. 1810 - d. 1892)
1889 - 1898                John George
1898 - 1905                Thomas S. Mandowoab (1st time)
1905 - 1910                Henry W. Madwayosh
1910 - 1917   
            Thomas S. Mandowoab (2nd time)
1917 - 1919   
             Jesse Roote
1919 - 1925   
            Thomas S. Mandowoab (3rd time)
1925 - 1946   
             Andrew Ritchie
1946 - 1949   
            Paul Kewagishig
1949 - 1953   
            Alfred Thompson (1st time)
1953 - 1958   
             Alex Roote                      (d. 1967)
1958 - 1962   
            Alfred Thompson (2nd time)
1962 - 1964   
            William Wesley
1964 - 1968   
             Alfred Thompson (3rd time)
1968 - 1974   
             James Mason (1st time)
1974 - 1975   
             Vernon Roote (1st time)
1975 - 1985   
             James Mason (2nd time)          (d. 1985)
1985 - 1991   
             Vernon Roote (2nd time)
1991 - 1997   
             Richard Kahgee
bf.2000 - 2004   
          Randall Roote
2004 - 2006   
            Vernon Roote (3rd time)
2006 - 2014  
              Randall Kahgee
2014 - 2016  
              Vernon Roote (4th time)
2016 - 2022     
           Lester Anoquot
2022 -                     Timothy L. Ritchie


Sheguiandah

[Sheguiandah First
                  Nation (Ontario, Canada)]


1850                       Signed the Robinson Huron Treaty (French River), but later
                             relocated from mainland to the Manitoulin Island.
1862                       Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided
                             (Sheguiandah).

Chiefs

1850 - 1879                Mizhequongi                    (b. c.1806 – d. 1879)
1879 - 1881                Edowekezis                     (d. 1881)
1882 - 1883                John Nowgahbow
1883 - 1891                A. Manitowassing
1891 - 1899                William Ogemah                 (d. 1899)
1899 - 1907                James Piahbewosh (1st time)
1907 - 1910                Wilson Gaikezheyongai
1910 - 1912                John Waindubence               (d. 1912)
1912 - 1922   
             James Piahbewosh (2nd time)
1922 - 1925   
            John Makedebin
1925 - 1934   
            William Waindubence (1st time)
1934 - 1940   
             Francis Mininishkotewe (1st time)
1940 - 1943   
             Alex Nahwegizhig
1943 - 1946   
             Solomon Waindubence
1946 - 1953   
             Wiliam Gaikezheyongai
1953 - 1955   
            Albert Kagasheyongai
1955 - 1959   
            Francis Mininishkotewe (2nd time)
1959 - 1961   
             William Waindubence (2nd time)
1961 - 1967   
             Fred Shawanda
1967 - 1970   
            William Waindubence (3rd time)
1970 - 1989   
             Norman Aguonie
1989 - 1991   
            Maxie Assinewai (f)
1991 - 2001   
            Richard Shawanda (1st time)
2001 - 2003   
             ....
2003 - 2009   
            Georgina Thompson (f)
2009 - 2013   
            Orville Aguonie
2013 - 2015  
              Richard Shawanda (2nd time)
2015 - 2021      
         Andrew Aguonie
2021 - 2023                Elvis J. Mishibinijima 
2023 -                     Jason R. Aguonie


Sheshegwaning

[Sheshegwaning First
                  Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1862                       Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided
                             (Sheshegwaning).
1898 - 1938                Gore Bay Indian agency.

Speaker of chiefs of the Manitoulin Island (title Ogimaa-Giigido)

186. - 1862                Sampson Assiginack (Edowishkosh)(b. c.1835 – d. 1882)
Chiefs
1862 - 1882                Sampson Assiginack              (s.a.)
1882 - 1892                John Sampson (Edowishkosh)
1892 - 1895                Simon Pinessiwabe
1895 - 1898   
            Lewis Cada
1898 - 1901   
            John Negenewenah (1st time)
1901 - 1904   
            Peter Negomekezhik
1904 - 1907   
            Francis Showanoshi
1907 - 1911   
            Joseph Sampson (Edowishkosh)
1911 - 1913   
            John Negenewenah (2nd time)
1913 - 1919   
            Wilson Sampson (Edowishkosh)
                             (1st time)
1919 - 1922   
            Frank Cada
1922 - 1925   
            Wilson Sampson (2nd time)
1925 - 1931   
            Noel Dominic (1st time)
1931 - 1934   
            Joseph Neoss
1934 - 1938   
            Raphael Negawinina
1938 - 1941   
            Daniel Sampson (1st time)
1941 - 1947   
            Thomas Simon
1947 - 1950   
            Levi Wabegijik
1950 - 1957   
            Noel Dominic (2nd time)
1957 - 1964   
            Theodore Simon                  (d. 1964)
1964 - 1965   
            Daniel Sampson (2nd time)
1965 - 1967   
             Noel Dominic (3rd time)
1967 - 1969   
             Angus Cada
1969 - 1977   
             Lloyd Sampson
1977 - 1987   
             William Antoine
1987 - 1989                Elisabeth Laford (f) (1st time)
1989 - 1993                Joseph Endanawas (1st time)
1993 - af.2002             Albert Cada-Neganiwina
bf.2006 - 2007             Leonard Genereux
2007 - 2009                Elizabeth Laford (f) (2nd time)
2009 - 2015                Joseph Endanawas (2nd time)
2015 - 2021                Dean J. Roy
2021 -                     Alana E. Endanawas (f)



 Six Nations of the Grand River 

[Iroquois Six Nations Flag (Ontario,
                          Canada)]WIroquois Six Nations Flag
1784                       Settlement (Grand River) by the pro-British emigrants (majority
                             Mohawk and Cayuga) of the Six Nations confederacy (in Mohawk:
                             Rotinonshonni "Longhouse People") from New York State, in U.S.
                            (see also Cayuga, Oneida of New York, Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscarora;
                             in the U.S.), governed by the Great Council of the confederacy
                            (50 lineages of titled/named life chiefs of five original nations,
                             added by non-voting chiefs of Tuscarora and of three allied
                             nations: Delaware [separated from Delaware Tribe, in the U.S.],
                             Nanticoke, Tutelo [latter two extinct
respectively by c.1900 and
                             c.1850]).

1792 – 1969                Six Nations (1832 - 1891, Grand River) Indian Superintendency
                             established.
1793                       Formal British patent to the land grant issued to the Six Nations.
1847                       Six Nations Reserve (from 1988, referred also to as the Six Nations
                             of the Grand River Territory) organized; the Councils of Chiefs
                             of the individual nations abolished.
1900                       Official publication of the oral constitution of the Six Nations 
                             confederacy (in Mohawk: Kaianere’ko:wa ["Great Peace"]), the
                             first time written down in 1880.
Mar 1924                   Six Nations unsuccessfully apply for the membership in the League
                             of Nations (under the name of the "Hodenosaunee Confederation of
                             the Grand River").
22 Oct 1924                Six Nations of the Grand River Band Council imposed by Canada
                             (the Council is single government of 13 separate bands: Bay
                             of Quinte Mohawk, Bearfoot Onondaga, Delaware, Konadaha Seneca,
                             Lower Cayuga, Lower Mohawk, Ninarondasa Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga
                             Clear Sky, Tuscarora, Upper Cayuga, Upper Mohawk, Walker Mohawk);
                             the Confederacy Council continues (to the late 20th century in
                             opposition) with no recognition by Canada.
 5 Mar 1959 - 13 Mar 1959  Confederacy chiefs take over the reserve, declare the elected
                             Band Council dissolved.
24 Jun 1970 - 10 Jul 1970  Supporters of the Confederacy chiefs seize the Council House,
                             following the Iroquois Declaration of Independence of Nov 1969.

First Chiefs of Onondaga (by precedence; title/name: Thadoda:ho;
ceremonial chair of the Great Council)
bf.1812 - af.1858          Rawenerse "The Echo"
1870 - 1904                Nicholas Gibson                (d. 1904)
1904 - 1961                Joseph Logan, Sr.              (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
                           (from 1924, not recognized by Canada; last Thadoda:ho in Canada)

Chief Councillors
(leaders of municipal style council)
22 Oct 1924 -  5 Nov 1925  Hilton M. Hill
 5 Nov 1925 -  3 Nov 1927  Archie Russell
 3 Nov 1927 –  2 Nov 1933  Frank Miller (1st time)
 2 Nov 1933 –  1 Nov 1934  William Smith (1st time)
 1 Nov 1934 –  7 Nov 1935  Frank Miller (2nd time)
 7 Nov 1935 –  5 Nov 1936  William Smith (2nd time)
 5 Nov 1936 -  2 Nov 1939  Frank Miller (3rd time)
 
2 Nov 1939 -  7 Nov 1940  Edward P. Garlow (1st time)
 7 Nov 1940 -  1 Nov 1945  Frank Miller (4th time)
 1 Nov 1945 -  7 Nov 1946  Frederick J. Hill

 7 Nov 1946 -  6 Nov 1947  Enos Maracle
 6 Nov 1947 - Nov 1949     Leonard Staats                 (b. 1903 – d. 1967)
Nov 1949 - Nov 1950        Arnold Moses
Nov 1950 - Jan 1952        Edward P. Garlow (2nd time)
Chiefs (often referred to as the Chief councillors until 1994)
Jan 1952 - Apr 1954        James S. Powless
Apr 1954 - Jan 1956        Edward P. Garlow (1st time)
Jan 1956 - Jan 1958        Clifford E. Styres

Jan 1958 - Jan 1962        Edward P. Garlow (2nd time)
Jan 1962 -  2 Mar 1967     George D. Van Every
 2 Mar 1967 - Jan 1978     Richard Isaac
Jan 1978 - Jan 1980        Renson Jamieson
Jan 1980 -  7 Jan 1986     Wellington C. Staats (1st time)(b. 1932 - d. 2014)
 7 Jan 1986 - 17 Dec 1991  William "Bill" K. Montour      (b. 1941)
                             (1st time)
Dec 1991 - Jan 1992        Lewis Staats (acting)
 7 Jan 1992 -  5 Dec 1995  Steve Williams

19 Dec 1995 - 20 Nov 2001  Wellington C. Staats (2nd time)(s.a.)
 4 Dec 2001 -  6 Dec 2004  Roberta L. Jamieson (f)        (b. 1953)
 7 Dec 2004 -  3 Dec 2007  David M. General
 4 Dec 2007 -  3 Dec 2013  William "Bill" K. Montour      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 3 Dec 2013 - Nov 2019     Gail Ava Hill (f)              (b. 1950)
Nov 2019 - Nov 2023        Mark B. Hill
Nov 2023 -                 Sherri-Lyn Hill (f)

Speakers of Six Nations (chief executives; nation affiliation in parentheses)
1858 - 1871                John Smoke Johnson (Mohawk)    (b. 1792 – d. 1886)
1871 - 1892                Nicholas H. Burning (Mohawk)
1892 - 1898                Chief David Hill (Seneca)
1898                       Alexander G. Smith (1st time)
                             (Mohawk)
1898 - 1903                Chief Elias Lewis (Mohawk)
1903 - 1916                John Charles Martin (Mohawk)
1916 - 1917                Chief Alexander G. Smith (2nd time)
                             (Mohawk)
1917 - 1918                Chief William D. Loft (Mohawk) (b. 1858 – d. 1943)
1918 - 1922                Chief Andrew Staats (Mohawk)
1922 - 1924                Chief Levi General (Cayuga)    (b. 1873 – d. 1925)
                             (in 1923 left for Europe)
1923 - 1945                Chauncey Garlow (Mohawk)       (b. 1878 – d. 1945)
                            (to 1924, acting for General; from 1924, not recognized by Canada)

British (from 1867, Canadian) Superintendents (to 1792, Deputy Superintendents)
1775 - 1778                John Butler (1st time)         (b. 1728 – d. 1796)
                             (acting to 1776)
1778 - 1787                Christian Daniel Claus         (b. 1727 – d. 1787)
1787 - 1796                John Butler (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1796 - 1826                William Claus                  (b. 1765 – d. 1826)
1826 - 1828                James Givins                   (b. 1759 – d. 1846)
1828 - 1832                Chief John Brant               (b. 1794 – d. 1832)
1832 - 1845                James Winniett                 (b. 1777 – d. 1849)
1845 - 1862                David Thorburn                 (b. 1790 – d. 1862)
1862 - 1891                Jasper Tough Gilkison          (b. 1814 - d. 1906)
1891 - 1906                Edwin Duncan Cameron
1906 - 1923                Gordon James Smith             (b. 1865 - d. 1923)
1924 - 1935                Cecil Etienne Morgan
1935 - 1953                E.P. Randle


Wabaseemoong

[Wabaseemoong Independent Nations (Ontario,
                        Canada)]

1873                       Signed the Treaty No. 3 (Islington).
1991                       Renamed Wabaseemoong Independent Nations.

Chiefs

1873 - 1900                David Land I (Naweekeejick)    (d. 1900)
1900 - 1926                David Land II
1926 - 1929                Frank Hunter
1929 - 1932                Robert Land
1932 - 1935                Thomas Hunter (1st time)
1935 - 1938   
            John T. Hunter
1938 - 1941   
            Thomas Hunter (2nd time)
1941 - 1947   
             Horace Spence
1947 - 1957   
             George Land
1957 - 1959   
             John T. Henry
1959 - 1961   
             Norbert Cameron
1961 - 1963   
            Isaac Mandamin (1st time)
1963 - 1965   
             Horace Paishk
1965 - 1979   
             Roy McDonald (1st time)
1980       
                Douglas McDonald
1980 - 1983   
             Isaac Mandamin (2nd time)
1983 - 1985   
            Roy McDonald (2nd time)
1985 - 1987  
              Anthony Henry
1987 - 1991   
             Roy McDonald (3rd time)
1991 - 1993   
             Isaac Mandamin (3rd time)
1993 - 1995                Eric N. Fisher (1st time)
1995 - af.2005             Ron Roy McDonald
bf.2007 - 2013             Eric N. Fisher (2nd time)
2013 - 2019                John Paishk
2019 -                     Waylon Scott



Wahta Mohawk

[Wahta
                        Mohawk First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1881                       Arrived from Quebec (Iroquois of Gibson), formerly part of the
                             Iroquois of Lake of Two Mountains (see Mohawks of Kanesatake),
                             reserve set aside (no treaty).
1992                       Renamed Wahta Mohawk.

Chiefs

1881 - 1883                Louis Sahanatien (1st time)    (b. 1832 - d. 1922)
1883 - 1892                Angus Cook
1892 - 1901                Francis Decaire
1901 - 1904                Louis Sahanatien (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1904 - 1910                Napoleon Commandant
1910 - 1913                Louis Sahanatien (3rd time)    (s.a.)
1913 - 1922   
            Peter Strength
1922 - 1924   
            Mitchell News
1924 - 1927   
            Albert Commandant (1st time)
1927 - 1930   
            Mitchell S. Franks
1930 - 1940   
            Isaiah Sahanatien
1940 - 1946   
            Albert Commandant (2nd time)   
1946 - 1949   
            Robert Stock
1949 - 1962   
            Gordon Sahanatien
1962 - 1971   
            Sidney Sahanatien
1971 - 1990   
            Kenneth Commandant
1990 - 1993   
            Stephen Stock (1st time)
1993 - 1996   
            Lyla Commandant (f)
1996 - 1999   
            Stephen Stock (2nd time)
1999 - 2011   
            Blaine E. Commandant
2011 - 2014   
            Council [4 councilors]
2014 -       
             Philip A. Franks


Walpole Island

[Walpole
                        Island First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1790                       The island is omitted from the cession to the British.
1796                       Settlement by the Chippewa and Ottawa (in 1839, joined by the
                             Potawatomi) emigrants from the U.S., no treaty is signed.
1836                       Walpole Island Reserve (presently also referred also to as the
                             Bkejwanong Territory) created, recognized as separate band from
                             Sarnia (see Aamjiwnaang).
1878 - 1941                Known as Walpole Island Chippewa Band (due to existence of
                             separate Walpole Island Potawatomi Band).
1884 - 1965                Walpole Island Indian agency.

Chiefs

1828 - 1836                Bauzhi-geezhig-waeshikum       (b. c.1770 - d. 1842)
1836 - 1848                Shawenypeniney                 (b. c.1774 - d. 1848)
1849 - 1862                Petwegezhik                    (b. c.1799 - d. c.1914)
186. - 1867                Oshawana (John Nahdee)         (b. 179. - d. 1870)
1867 - 1874                William N. Fisher
1875 - 1877   
            Charles Kiyoshk
1878 - 1882   
            Joshua Greenbird
1883 - 1885   
            James Potquahong
1885 - 1891   
            James Sahgee
1891 - 1894   
            Joseph White (1st time)        (d. 1929)
1894 - 1901   
            Louis Fisher
1901 - 1907   
            James Kicknosway (1st time)
1907 - 1913   
            Joseph White (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1913 - 1919   
            Charles R. Jacobs
1919 - 1922   
            James Kicknosway (2nd time)
1922 - 1931   
            Peter Williams
1931 - 1934   
            Fred A. Ermatinger
1934 - 1940   
            Harrison B. Williams
1940       
               Walter Sands
1940 - 1943   
            Solomon Kewayosh
1943 - 1946   
            Charles R. Jacobs
1946 - 1949   
            Lalieu Kewayosh
1949 - 1954   
            Samuel Shipman
1954 - 1956   
            Edward Kicknosway
1956 - 1960  
             Burton Kewayosh
1960 - 1970   
            Burton N. Jacobs                (b. 1912 - d. 2007)
1970 - 1976   
            Donald D. Isaac (1st time)
1976 - 1978   
            Robert L. Williams (1st time)
1978 - 1980   
            Donald D. Isaac (2nd time)
1980 - 1987   
            William Tooshkenig
1987 - 1988   
            Mark Day
1988 - 1990  
             Daniel R. Miskokomon (1st time)
1990 - 1992   
            Robert L. Williams (2nd time)
1992 - 1994  
             Daniel R. Miskokomon (2nd time)
1994 - 1996  
             Joseph B. Gilbert (1st time)
1996 - 1998  
             Daniel R. Miskokomon (3rd time)
1998 - 2002   
            Joseph B. Gilbert (2nd time)
2002 - 2004   
            Donna L. Day (f)
2004 - 2006   
            Dean M. Jacobs
2006 - 2012   
            Joseph B. Gilbert (3rd time)
2012 - 2014   
            Burton Kewayosh, Jr.
2014 - 2020  
             Daniel R. Miskokomon (4th time)
2020 - 2022        
       Charles R. Sampson
2022 - 2024                Daniel R. Miskokomon (5th time)
2024 -                     Leela Thomas (f)


Wikwemikong

[Wikwemikong
                        (Wiikwemkoong) First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1828                       Settlement by the Ottawa and Chippewa emigrants from the U.S.
1836                       The entire Manitoulin Island set aside as a reserve by treaty.
1862                       The island reserve partly divided and partly ceded by treaty,
                             except the eastern peninsula (Manitoulin Island Unceded Reserve)
                             – the location of the Wikwemikong band.
1873 - 1972                Manitowaning (from 1938, Manitoulin Island) Indian agency
                             (to 1898, Northern Superintendency – 1st Division).
2014                       Begun to name themselves "Wiikwemikoong."

Chiefs
c.1828 - 1874              Council of Chiefs
                           [3 lineages of life chiefs; composition as of 1869 follows]
                           - Jean-Baptiste Peywaneiassang (b. 1810 - d. 18..)
                           - Amable Assiginack            (b. 1789 - d. af.1871)
                           - Augustin Nissigigabawi       (b. 1809 - d. 18..)

1874 - 1879                William Kinosamig (1st time)   (b. 1840 - d. 1900)
1879 - 1882                Angus Anderson
1882 - 1885                Francis Metossage
1885 - 1891                William Kinosamig (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1891 - 1892                Joseph Agowise
1892 - 1894                Francis Wakegijig
1894 - 1900                William Kinosamig (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1900 - 1903                Charles Wakegijig              (d. 1911)
1903 - 1906    
           William Kinosamig, Jr. (1st time)
1906 - 1909    
           Joseph Eshkakogan
1909 - 1912    
           Louis Osawanimiki
1912 - 1915    
           William Kinosamig, Jr. (2nd time)
1915 - 1918    
           Joseph Wakegijig (1st time)
1918 - 1920    
           Jonas Odjig
1920 - 1924    
           Joseph Manitowabi (1st time)
1924 - 1926    
           John Osawanimiki               (d. 1926)
1926 - 1927    
           Joseph Wakegijig (2nd time)
1927 - 1930    
           Joseph Manitowabi (2nd time)
1930 - 1933    
           James Wakegijig
1933 - 1934    
           Louis Eshakakogan (1st time)
1934 - 1936    
           Joseph Wakegijig (3rd time)
1936 - 1938   
            James Bondy
1938 - 1939    
           Joseph D. McLeod
1939 - 1942    
           Louis Eshkakogan (2nd time)
1942 - 1945    
           Joe P. Pangowish (1st time)
1945 - 1948    
           Joseph Wakegijig (4th time)
1948 - 1952    
           Joe P. Pangowish (2nd time)
1952 - 1954   
            Andrew Trudeau
1954 - 1956    
           John J. Wakegijig (1st time)   (d. 1971)
1956 - 1958    
           Louis Eshkakogan (3rd time)
1958 - 1960    
           Joseph Wakegijig (5th time)
1960 - 1971    
           John J. Wakegijig (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1971 - 1972    
           Ronald C. Wakegijig (1st time) (b. 1943 - d. 2011)
1972 - 1974    
           Michael C. Roy
1974 - 1978    
           Ronald C. Wakegijig (2nd time) (s.a.)
1978 - 1980    
           Henry J. Peltier (1st time)
1980 - 1988    
           Ronald C. Wakegijig (3rd time) (s.a.)
1988 - 1990    
           Alphonse J. Shawana
1990 - 1992    
           Henry J. Peltier (2nd time)
1992 - 1997    
           Arthur E. Manitowabi (1st time)
1997 - 1998    
           Margaret A. Pitawanakwat (f)
1998 - 2000    
           Ronald C. Wakegijig (4th time) (s.a.)
2000 - 2001    
           Arthur E. Manitowabi (2nd time)
2001 - 2002    
           Gladys Wakegijig (f)
2002 - 2004    
           Walter Manitowabi
2004 - 2008   
            Robert Corbiere
2008 - 2012   
            Hazel L. Fox-Recollet (f)
2012 - 2018   
            Duke Peltier
2018 - 2022       
        Norman J. Peltier
2022 - 2024                Rachel E. Manitowabi (f)
2024 -                     Steven J. Ominika


Zhiibaahaasing

[Zhiibaahaasing First
                  Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1873                       Separated from Sheshegwaning (Cockburn Island).
1997/99                    Renamed Zhiibaahaasing.

Chiefs
c.1873                     Wagosh
bf.1895 - 1901             Peter Wagoosh (1st time)
1901 - 1907                George Wagoosh
1907 - 1910                Peter Wagoosh (2nd time)
1910 - 1915
                Joseph Wagoosh
1915 - 1918
                Usent Wagoosh
1918 - 1926
                Edward Wagoosh                 (d. 1926)
1927 - 19..
                Joe Wagoosh
19.. - 1981
                Vacant
1981 - 1985
                Norma Fox-Wagosh (f) (1st time)
1985 - 1988
                Philip Sagon
1988 - 1991
                Norma Fox-Wagosh (f) (2nd time)
1991 -                     Irene Sagon-Kells (f)



Prince Edward Island


Note: The relations between the Micmac and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of the Micmac, see Eskasoni in Nova Scotia.


Abegweit
 

[Abegweit First
                        Nation old flag (Prince Edward Island, Canada)]Former Flag

[Abegweit First Nation (Prince Edward
                            Island, Canada)]
Current Flag

1972                       Secedes from the Lennox Island Band (Abegweit).

Chiefs
1973 - 1999                George James "Jim" Sark
1999 - 2003                Francis Jadis
 8 Aug 2003 - Aug 2008     Roderick "Roddy" Gould (1st time)
Aug 2008 - 2019            Brian Francis

2019 -                     R
oderick "Roddy" Gould (2nd time)


Lennox Island

[Lennox
                  Island First Nation (Prince Edward Island, Canada)]

1846                       First of several reserves set aside (Micmacs of Prince Edward
                             Island).
1871 - 1971                Prince Edward Island Indian Agency established.
c.1960                     Renamed Lennox Island.

Chiefs
c.1831                     Peter Francis
1859 - 1866                John Sark                      (b. 1786 - d. 1866)
1866 - 1869                Louis Sark
1869 - 1877                Peter Bernard                  (d. 1877)
1877 - 1900                Joseph Francis
1900 - 1909                John Thomas Sark (1st time)    (b. 1859 - d. 1934)
1909 - 1912                Joseph Bernard
1912 - 1927                John Thomas Sark (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1927 - 1930                Isaac Peters
1930 - 1948                Jacob Sark  (1st time)         (b. 1893 – d. 1960)
1948 - 1952                Frank Jadis (1st time)
1952 - 1960                Jacob Sark (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1960 - 1962                Mary Bernard (f)
1962 - 1964                Frank Jadis (2nd time)
1964 - 1966                Raymond Lewis
1966 - 1970                James Sark
1970 - 1972                George James "Jim" Sark
1972 - 1998                Jack J.T. Sark
1998 - 2001                Charles "Charlie" Sark
2001 -  1 Jun 2013         Darlene Bernard (f) (1st time) (b. 1962)
 1 Jun 2013 - 2019         Matilda Ramjattan (f)
2019 - 2025                Darlene Bernard (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
2025 -                     Tabatha Bernard (f)



Quebec


Abénakis de Wôlinak

[Abenakis de
                            Wolinak old flag (Quebec, Canada)]
Former Flag
[Abenakis de Wolinak flag (Quebec,
                            Canada)]
Current Flag
1708                       French land grant (Abénakis de Bécancour), in 1760 confirmed
                             by the British.
c.1720 - c.1830            Abénaki (as single nation) a part of the Seven Nations of
                             Canada (see under Mohawks of Kahnawake).
1891 - 1950                Bécancour Indian agency.
1983                       Renamed Abénakis de Wôlinak.

Grand Chiefs
bf.1750 - 18..             ....
bf.1841 - 1850             Joseph Metzalabanlette         (b. c.1767 - d. 1850)
c.1851                     Louis Tomaquois (acting)       (b. c.1787 - d. 18..)
1856 - 1903                Joseph-Louis Metzalabanlette   (b. 1827 - d. 1903)
Chiefs
1903 - 19..                ....
bf.1977 - af.1989          Noël St.-Aubin
c.1991                     Raymond Bernard (1st time)
c.1992                     André Bernard
bf.1997 - 1998             Diane Bernard (f)
1998 - 2010                Raymond Bernard (2nd time)
2010 - 2016                Denis Landry
2016 -                     Michel Bernard

Abitibiwinni

[Abitibiwinni First Nation
                (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1906                     Known as Abitibi-Dominion, no treaty.
1940 - 1968                Abitibi Indian agency.
1958                       Reserve set aside.
1982                       Renamed Abitibiwinni.

Chiefs
1906 - 19..                Isha Mychenny
c.1976                     Tom Rankin
c.1982                     Hector Polson
c.1987                     Isaac McDougall
bf.1988 - af.1990          Fred Kistabish
bf.1991 - af.1998          Harry McDougall
bf.1999 - af.2003          Edouard Kistabish
bf.2007 - 2011             Alice Jérôme (f)
2011                       Jean-Paul Rankin                 (b. 19.. - d. 2012)
2011 - 2015                Bruno Kistabish
2015 - 2019                David Kistabish
2019 -  1 Oct 2023         Monik Kistabish (f)
 1 Oct 2023 -              Chantal Kistabish (f)


Algonquins of Barriere Lake

[Algonquins of Barriere Lake
                First Nation (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1904                     Known as Barriere Lake, no treaty.
1961                       Reserve set aside.
1990                       Renamed Algonquins of Barriere Lake.

Chiefs
c.1904 - 1964              David Makokoose
196. - 1969                Harry Nottaway                  (d. 1969)
c.1974                     Solomon Matchewan
197. - 1980                Harry Wawatie (1st time)
1980 - 1996                Jean-Maurice Matchewan (1st time)
1996 - 2006                Harry Wawatie (2nd time)
2006 - 2008                Jean-Maurice Matchewan (2nd time)
2008 - 2010                Casey Ratt (1st time)
2010 - 2012                Council [4 councilors]
2012 - 2021                Casey Ratt (2nd time
2021 - 2023                Tony Wawatie
2023 -                     Casey Ratt (3rd time)


Anicinape de Kitcisakik

[Communaute Anicinape de
                Kitcisakik (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1910                     Known as Grand Lac Victoria, no treaty or reserve.
1992/97                    Renamed Communauté Anicinape de Kitcisakik.

Chiefs
c.1925                     Alex Papatie
bf.1980 - af.1988          Donat Papatisse (1st time)      (b. 1945 – d. 1996)
c.1989                     Armand Papatie
bf.1990 - af.1991          Donat Papatisse (2nd time)      (s.a.)
c.1992                     Catherine Anichinapéo (f)
199. - 1997                Alfred Papatisse
1997 - 2005                James Papatie
2005 - af.2007             Edmond Brazeau
bf.2009 - 2017             Adrienne Anichinapéo (f)
2017 -                     Régis Pénosway


Anishnabe du Lac Simon

[Nation Anishnabe du Lac
                Simon (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1924                     Known as Lac Simon, no treaty.
1962                       Reserve set aside.
1992/97                    Renamed Nation Anishnabe du Lac-Simon.

Chiefs
c.1925                     Ignace Papatie
1938 - 1959                Nick Papatie
1959 - 1960                Joe Kisik
1960 - 1971                Georges Papatie
1971 - 1974                Jean Papatie (1st time)
1974 - 1977                Louis Jérôme (1st time)
1977 - 1980                Dumont Wabanonik
1980 - 1987                Jean Papatie (2nd time)
1987 - 1992                Louis Jérôme (2nd time)
1992 - 1999                Simon Anichinapéo
1999 - 2003                Lucien Wabanonik (1st time)
2003 - 2009                Daniel Pien
2009 - 2011                Brian Dumont
2011 - 2016                Salomée McKenzie (f)
2016 - 2023                Adrienne Jérôme (f) 
2023 -                     Lucien Wabanonik (2nd time)



Atikamekw d'Opitciwan

[Atikamekw

























































































































































































                                                          d’Opitciwan
                                                          (Quebec,
                                                          Canada]

1915                       Separated from Atikamekw de Wemotaci (Obiduan), no treaty.
1950                       Reserve set aside.
1964                       Renamed Obedjiwan.
1997                       Renamed Atikamekw d'Opitciwan.


Chiefs
1915 - 1933                Gabriel Awashish
1933 - 1960                Paul Mequish
1960 - 196.                Élie Dubé (1st time)
bf.1961 - af.1962          Étienne Dubé
c.1963                     Pierre-Jacquot Chachai
c.1965                     Élie Dubé (2nd time)
c.1969                     Maxime Awashish
c.1970                     Simon Awashish (1st time)
bf.1971 - af.1973          William Awashish
c.1975                     Simon Awashish (2nd time)
c.1976                     L
éon Dubé
1978 - 1980                Nérée Chachai
1980                       Marcel Chachai
1980 - 1984                Paul Mequish, Jr. (1st time)
1984 - 1987                Jean-Pierre Lucien
1987 - 1991                Paul Mequish, Jr. (2nd time)
1991 - 1993                Hubert Clary
1993 - 1997                Simon Awashish (3rd time)
1997 - 1999                Paul Mequish, Jr. (3rd time)
1999 - 2001                Simon Awashish (4th time)
2001 - 2002                Paul Mequish, Jr. (4th time)
2002 - 2006                Simon Awashish (5th time)
2006 - 2007                Jean-Pierre Moar
2007 - 2011                Paul Mequish, Jr. (5th time)
2011 - 2019                Christian Awashish
2019 -                     Jean-Claude Mequish


Atikamekw de Manawan


[Atikamekw de Manawan flag (Quebec, Canada)]

1906                       Separated from Atikamekw de Wemotaci (Manouan), reserve
                             set aside, no treaty.

1990                       Renamed Les Atikamekw de Manawan.


Chiefs
1906 - 1924                Louis Newashish                 (d. 1924)
1924 - 1930                Saney Newashish
1930 - 1934                St.-Pierre Echaquan
1934 - 1960                Simon Ottawa        
1960 - 1964                Pierre Ottawa
1964 - 1968                Isidore Ottawa
1968 - 1972                Wellie Flamand (1st time)
1972 - 1974                François Ottawa
1974 - 1976                Wellie Flamand (2nd time)
1976 - 1977                Gerard Ottawa                   (b. 1947 – d. 2005)
1977 - 1978                Andre Quitish (1st time)        (b. 1951)
1978 - 1987                Henri Ottawa (1st time)
1987 - 1989                Jean-Pierre Moar (1st time)
1989 - 1993                Henri Ottawa (2nd time)
1993 - 1995                Andre Quitish (2nd time)
1995 - 1997                Henri Ottawa (3rd time)
1997 - 1999                Jean-Pierre Moar (2nd time)
1999 - 2014                Paul-Émile Ottawa (1st time)    (b. 1961)
2014 - 2018                Jean-Roch Ottawa
2018 - 2022                Paul-Émile Ottawa (2nd time)    (s.a.)

2022 -                     Sipi Flamand                    (b. 1989)


Atikamekw de Wemotaci


[Atikamekw de Wemotaci
                (Quebec, Canada)]

1853                       Known as Weymontachie, reserve set aside, no treaty.
1997                       Renamed Atikamekw de Wemotaci.

Chiefs
c.1829                     Macesk
c.1843                     Pierre Oskileo
c.1844                     Paul Newashish
1853 - af.1881             Jean-Baptiste Petiguay
18.. - 1892                Thomas Awashish                  (d. 1892)
c.1913                     Louis Petiguay (1st time)
c.1915                     James Awashish
c.1918                     Louis Petiquay (2nd time)
c.1921                     Charles Petiguay
c.1941                     Joseph Boivin
bf.1959 - af.1964          Joseph Saganash
1969 - 1971                Philippe Basile (1st time)
1971 – 1973                Marcel Boivin (1st time)
1973 – 1975                Georges Connelley
1975 – 1977                Marcel Boivin (2nd time)
1977 – 1979                Philippe Basile (2nd time)
1979 – 1981                François Neashit (1st time)
1981 - 1995                Marcel Boivin (3rd time)
1995 – 1999                François Neashit (2nd time)
1999 – 2003                Marcel Boivin (4th time)
2003 – 2007                François Neashit (3rd time)
2007 – 2009                Simon Coocoo
2009 - 2015                David Boivin
2015 - 21 Apr 2023         François Neashit (4th time)
21 Apr 2023 -              Viviane Chilton (f)


Cree of Chisasibi

[Cree of Chisasibi (Quebec,
              Canada)]

c.1930                     Known as Fort George, no treaty.
1962                       Reserve set aside.

1974                       The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.
1982                       Renamed Chisasibi.
1992                       Renamed Cree Nation of Chisasibi.

Chiefs
c.1920 - 1931              Peter Waskigan
1931 - 1935?               Joseph "Joe" Naposh (1st time)  (b. 1881/6 - d. 1946)
1935? - 1938               John Chishkamush
1938 - 1946                Joseph "Joe" Naposh (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1946 – 1962                John Napash
1962 - 1967                ....
1967 - 1977                Robert Kanatewat
1977 - 1979                Josie Sam Atkinson              (b. 1928 - d. 1995)
1979 - 1982                Samuel Tapiatic
1982 - 1985                James Bobbish (1st time)
1985 - 1986                Robbie Matthew                  (b. 1934)
1986 - 1989                James Bobbish (2nd time)
1989 - 1995                Violet Pachano (1st time)
1995 - 1999                Charles Bobbish
1999 - 2001                Violet Pachano (2nd time)
2001 - 2007                Abraham Rupert (1st time)
2007 - 2010                Roderick Pachano
2010 - 12 Feb 2012         Abraham Rupert (2nd time)
23 Mar 2012 - 2020         Davey Bobbish                   (b. 1973)

2020 -                     Daisy House-Lameboy (f)


Cree of Mistissini

[Cree
                    Nation of Mistissini (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1930                     Known as Mistassini, no treaty.

1962                       Reserve set aside.
1977                       The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975
                             effective.

1990                       Renamed Mistissini.
2002                       Renamed Cree Nation of Mistissini.

Chiefs
193. - 1947                Isaiah Shecapio
1947 - 1962                Isaac Shecapio                  (b. 1906 – d. 1991)
1962 - 1974                Smally Petawabano               (b. 1936 - d. 2010)
1974 - 1978                Philip Awashish
1978 - 1982                Henry Mianscum (1st time)
1982 - 1986                Matthew Coon-Come               (b. 1956)
1986 - 1994                Henry Mianscum (2nd time)
1994 - 1998                William Mianscum
1998 - 2001                Kenny Loon
2001 - 2010                John Longchap
2010 - 2018                Richard Shecapio
2018 - 2022                Thomas Neeposh
2022 -                     Michael Petwabano


Cree of Nemaska

[Cree Nation of Nemaska (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1930                     Known as Nemaska, no treaty or reserve.
1977                       The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.
2014                       Renamed Cree Nation of Nemaska.

Chiefs
c.1930 - 19..              ....
bf.1974 - af.1975          Bertie Wapachee                 (b. 1915 – d. 1993)
bf.1982 - af.1988          George Wapachee (1st time)
bf.1989 - af.1991          Isaac Meskino
c.1992                     Lawrence Jimiken
c.2002                     George Wapachee (2nd time)
bf.2004 - 2011             Josie Jimiken
2011 - 2015                Matthew Wapachee
2015 - 2019                Thomas Jolly
2019 -                     Clarence Jolly   


Cree of Wemindji

[Cree Nation of
                    Wemindji (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1930                     Known as Old Factory, no treaty or reserve.
1977                       The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.
1987                       Renamed Wemindji.
1996                       Renamed Cree Nation of Wemindji.

Chiefs
1930 - 1933                Alfred Gilpin
1933 - 1958                John Georgekish
1958 - 1969                Sam Visitor
1969 - 1972                John Mark
1972 - 1978                Fred Blackned
1978 - 1999                Walter Hughboy                  (b. 1946 – d. 2004)
1999 - 2005                Reggie Mark
2005 - 2013                Rodney Mark
2013 - 2017                Dennis Georgekish
2017 -                     Christina Gilpin (f)


Crees of the Waskaganish

[Crees of the Waskaganish
                  (Quebec, Canada)]


c.1930                     Known as Rupert House, no treaty or reserve.
1977                       The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.
1985                       Renamed Waskaganish.
2002                       Renamed Crees of the Waskaganish.

Chiefs
c.1930 – 1946              ....
1946 – 1948                Frank Moar                      (b. 1903 – d. 19..)
1948 – 1953                ....  
1953 – 1968                Malcolm Diamond                 (b. 1912 - d. 1984)
1968 – 1970                ....
1970 – 1976                Billy Diamond (1st time)        (b. 1949 – d. 2010)
1976 – 197.                ....
c.1979                     Billy Diamond (2nd time)        (s.a.)
c.1981                     Samuel Shecapio
c.1982                     Sydney Georgekish
c.1987                     Simeon Trapper
bf.1988 - 1999             Billy Diamond (3rd time)        (s.a.)
1999 – 2007                Robert Weistche
2007 – 2011                Steve Diamond
2011 - 2015                Gordon Blackned
2015 - 2019                Darlene Cheechoo (f)
2019 - 2023                Clarke Shecapio
2023 -                     Greta Whiskeychan-Cheechoo (f)


Eastmain

[Eastmain Nation (Quebec,
                  Canada)]

c.1930                     Known as Eastmain, no treaty or reserve.
1977                       The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.

Chiefs
c.1938                     Walter Tammatuk
1956 - 1978                Matthew Shanush                 (b. 1907 – d. 1985)
c.1982                     Rusty Cheezo (1st time)
1987 - 1990                Ted Moses                       (b. 1950)
bf.1996 - 1999             Kenneth Gilpin
1999 - 2005                Edward Gilpin (1st time)
2005 - 2008                Lloyd Mayappo
2008 - 2011                Rusty Cheezo (2nd time)
2011 - 2015                Edward Gilpin (2nd time)
2015 - 2023                Kenneth Cheezo

2023 -                     Raymond Shanoush


Huronne-Wendat

[Huronne-Wendat (Quebec,
                  Canada)]

c.1420                     Huron (Wendat) confederacy founded (in modern Ontario), governed 
                             by the Grand
Council of confederacy (52 lineages of titled/named
                             life chiefs).

1614                       Alliance with the French.
1649                       Confederacy destroyed by the Iroquois Five Nations, the remaining
                             Hurons relocated to Quebec or modern Wisconsin (see Wyandotte
                             under U.S).

1650                       French land grant (from 1673, known as Hurons de Lorette),
                             confirmed in 1742, 1760
and 1794.
c.1720 - c.1830            Part and ceremonial chair of the Seven Nations of Canada (see under
                             Mohawks of Kahnawake).

1881 - 1970                Lorette Indian Agency established.
1986                       Renamed Nation Huronne-Wendat.

First chiefs of the Attignawantan Nation

[by precedence; ceremonial chairs of the Grand Council]

bf.1623 - af.1637          Anenkhiondic
bf.1642 - 1649             Pierre Ondakion ?               (d. af.1650)
Chiefs
1650 - 1685                Sastaretsi                      (d. 1685)
1685 - 1693                Ignace Tsawenhohi               (d. 1693)
1693 - 1747                Paul Picard                     (d. 1747)
1747 - 1776                Thomas Martin
1776 - 1810                Joseph Vincent                  (d. 1810)
1811 - 31 Oct 1844         Nicolas Vincent                 (b. 1769 – d. 1844)
1844 - 1870                Simon Romain                    (d. 1870)
1870 - 1883                François-Xavier Picard          (b. 1810 – d. 1883)
1883 - 1896                Maurice Sébastien "Bastien"     (b. 1822 - d. 1896)
1897 - 1898                Philippe Vincent                (d. 1898)
1898 - 1900                Band Council (4 second chiefs)
1900 - 1905                François Gros-Louis
1905 - 1909                Gaspard Picard
1906 - 1916                Maurice Bastien
1916 - 1920                Pierre-Albert Picard
1920 - 1929                Ovide Sioui                     (b. 1872 – d. 1942)
1929 - 1935                Ludger Bastien                  (b. 1879 – d. 1948)
1935 - 1941                Herménégilde Vincent            (b. 1884 - d. 19..)
1941 - 1944                Théophile Gros-Louis            (b. 1888 – d. 1971)
1944 - 1947                Aimé Romain                     (b. 1876 – d. 1960)
1947 - 1949                Origène Sioui                   (b. 1898 – d. 1953)
1949 - 1955                Émile Picard                    (b. 1900 – d. 1974)
1955 - 1964                Alphonse Picard                 (b. 1899 – d. 1965)
1964 - 1982                Max Gros-Louis                  (b. 1931 - d. 2020)
Grand Chiefs (this title informally used already from 1811)
1982 - 1984                Max Gros-Louis (1st time)       (s.a.)
1984 - 1986                Claude Sioui                    (b. 1924 - d. 1987)
1986 - 1987                Michel Laveau
1987 - 1992                Max Gros-Louis (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1992 - 1994                Jocelyne Gros-Louis (f)         (b. 1966)
1994 - 1996                Max Gros-Louis (3rd time)       (s.a.)
1996 - 1998                Jean Picard
1998 - 2004                Wellie Picard                   (b. 1923? - d. 2012)
2004 - 2008                Max Gros-Louis (4th time)       (s.a.)
 
1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2020  Konrad Sioui                    (b. 1953)
31 Oct 2020 - 21 Nov 2024  Rémy Vincent                    (b. 1973?)
21 Nov 2024 -              Pierre "Alphé" Picard           (b. 1964?)


Innu Matimekush-Lac John

[Nation Innu
                  Matimekush-Lac John (Quebec, Canada)]

1968                       Separated from Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam
                             (Montagnais de Schefferville), reserve set aside, no treaty.
1998                       Renamed La Nation Innu Matimekush-Lac John.

Chiefs
1968 - af.1973             Mathieu Andr
é
c.1982                     Charles Gabriel
bf.1984 - af.1988          Alexandre McKenzie (1st time)
bf.1989 - af.1990          R
éal McKenzie (1st time)
c.1991                     Alexandre McKenzie (2nd time)
c.1992                     R
éal McKenzie (2nd time)
bf.1997 - 1998             Thadd
ée André (1st time)
1998 - af.2002             Jacques Gauthier
bf.2006 - 2007             Thadd
ée André (2nd time)
2007 - 2016                R
éal McKenzie (3rd time)
2016 - 2019                Ambroise Tshani
2019 -                     R
éal McKenzie (4th time)


Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam

[Innu Takuaikan Uashat
                  Mak Mani-Utenam (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1853                     Known as Montagnais de Sept-Îles, no treaty.
1883 - 1967                Seven Islands Indian Agency established.
1906                       Reserve set aside.
1982 - 1989                Renamed Montagnais de Sept-
ÎÎles et Maliotenam.
1989 - 1992                Renamed Montagnais de Uashat et Maliotenam.
1992                       Renamed Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam.

Chiefs
bf.1861 - 1864             Dominique                       (d. 1864)

1864 - 1885                Barthélemy Minaik               (b. 1820 - d. 1885)
1885 - 1907                ....
1907 - 19..                Alexandre McKenzie
bf.1965 - af.1971          Daniel Vachon (1st time)
c.1982                     Jules-Ambrose Michel
bf.1987 - af.1988          Chrysologue Ambroise            (b. 1946 - d. 2018)
c.1989                     Daniel Vachon (2nd time)
c.1990                     Maurice Vollant
c.1991                    
Élie-Jacques Jourdain (1st time)(b. 1950? - d. 2024)
199. - 1992                Gilbert Pilot
1992 - 1998                Élie-Jacques Jourdain (2nd time)(s.a.)
1998 - 2004                Rosario Pinette
2004 - 2007                Élie-Jacques Jourdain (3rd time)(s.a.)
2007 - 2013                Georges-Ernest Gregoire
2013 - 11 Jun 2025         Mike Palash McKenzie
11 Jun 2025 -              Jonathan Shetush St-Onge        (b. 1984?)


Innue Essipit

[Innue Essipit First
                  Nation (Quebec, Canada)]

1892                       Known as Montagnais des Escoumins, reserve set aside, no treaty.
1996                       Renamed Innue Essipit.

Chiefs
c.18..                     Leon Dominique
c.1834                     Joseph Moreau
c.18..                     Joseph Ross
c.1904                     Paul Ross
1926 - 1946                Joseph-Pierre Moreau
1950 - 1957                Joseph Ross
1957 - 1979                Laurent Ross
1979 - 2012                Denis Ross
2012 -                     Martin Dufour


Innus de Ekuanitshit

[Innus de Ekuanitshit
                  (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1856                     Known as Mingan, no treaty.
1902 - 1950                Mingan Indian agency.
1963                       Reserve set aside.
1992/97                    Renamed Les Innus de Ekuanitshit.

Chiefs
bf.1987 - af.1991          Philippe Pi
étacho
bf.1992 -                  Jean-Charles Pi
étacho


Innus de Nutashkuan

[Innus de Nutashkuan
                  (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1856                     Known as Natashquan, no treaty.
1943 - 1949                Natashquan Indian agency.
1952                       Reserve set aside.
1987                       Renamed Montagnais de Natashquan.
2018                       Renamed Innus de Nutashkuan

Chiefs
c.1982                     Georges Mestokosho
bf.1987 - af.1988          Jules Wapistan (1st time)
bf.1989 - af.1992          Joseph Tettaut
c.1997                     Jules Wapistan (2nd time)
c.1998                     Antoine Ishpatao                (b. c.1959 - d. 2015)
c.2002                     Richard Malec
bf.2007 - 2012             François Bellefleur
2012 - 2020                Rodrigue Wapistan
2020 -                     Real Tettaut


Innus de Pessamit

[Innus de Pessamit
                  (Quebec, Canada)]

1853                       Known as Bersimis, reserve set aside, no treaty.
1879 – 1967                Bersimis (to 1899, North Shore St. Lawrence River) Indian Agency
                             established.
1981                       Renamed Montagnais de Betsiamites.
2008                       Renamed Innus de Pessamit.

Chiefs
bf.1851 - af.1880          Jean-Baptiste Estlo
c.1932                     Sylvestre Rock
c.1949                     Michel Vachon
c.1954                     Paul Rock
c.1977                     Leonard Paul
bf.1981 - af.1982          Jean-Claude Vollant (1st time)
1983 - 1986                Ren
é Simon (1st time)
bf.1987 - af.1988          Jean-Claude Vollant (2nd time)
bf.1989 - 1990             Robert Dominique
1990 - 1992                Jean-Louis Bacon
1992 - 1996                Marcelline Picard-Kanapé (f)    (b. 1941)
1996 - 2002                Ren
é Simon (2nd time)
2002 - 2012                Raphael Picard
2012 - Aug 2020            René Simon (3rd time)
Aug 2020 -  4 Sep 2022     Jean-Marie Vollant
 4 Sep 2022 - 2024         Marielle Vachon (f)
2024 -                     Rene Simon (4th time)


Kebaowek

[Kebaowek First Nation (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1924                     Known as Kipawa, no treaty.
1974                       Reserve set aside.
1995                       Renamed Eagle Village-Kipawa.
2017                       Renamed Kebaowek.

Chiefs
bf.1965 - af.1982          Mike McKenzie                  (b. 1923 - d. 1996)
bf.1987 - af.1988          Jimmy Constant (1st time)
c.1989                     Doris Hunter (f)
bf.1990 - af.1997          Jimmy Constant (2nd time)
bf.1998 - af.2007          Lance Haymond (1st time)
bf.2009 - 2011             Jimmy Constant (3rd time)
2011 - 2015                Madeleine Paul (f)
2015 -                     Lance Haymond (2nd time)


Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg

[Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg
                (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1720 - c.1830            Part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see under
                             Mohawks of Kahnawake).
1721                       Disputed French land grant (Algonquins et Nipissings de Lac-
                             des-Deux-Montagnes, two nations), shared with Mohawks of
                             Kanesatake, by 1841 not recognized by Lower Canada.
1853                       Known as River Desert, reserve set aside, no treaty.
1874 - 1968                River Desert (from 1910, Maniwaki) Indian agency.
1991                       Renamed Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg.

First Grand chiefs of the Algonquins (by precedence)
bf.1820 - 1834             Pierre-Louis Constant (Penaise) (b. 1768 – d. 1834)
1834 - 1836                Ignace Magowaskaw (acting)      (d. af.1838)
1836 - af.1838             Jean-Baptiste Constant (Kikons) (b. 1792 – d. 1881/5)
First Grand chiefs of the Nipissings (by precedence)
bf.1818 - 1829             Laurent Kisinsick               (d. 1829)
1829 - 1830                Amable Chevalier (Pakwakwana)   (b. c.1753 - d. 1833)
                             (acting)
1830 - af.1851             François-Xavier Papineau        (b. 1807 – d. 1854)
Chiefs
1851 – 1874                Antoine Pakinawatik
1874 – 1884                Peter Tenasco (1st time)
1884 – 1890                Simon Odjick
1890 – 1896                Peter Tenasco (2nd time)
1896 – 1899                Louis Commanda
1899 – 1911                John Tenasco
1911 – 1917                Michael Commanda
1917 – 1920                John Cayer
1920 – 1924                Jean-Baptiste Chabot (1st time)
1927 – 1933                Vincent Odjick
1933 – 1936                Patrick Brascoupe
1936 – 1939                Abraham McDougall
1939 – 1951                Jean-Baptiste Chabot (2nd time)
1951 – 1970                William Commanda                (b. 1913 – d. 2011)
1970 – 1976                Ernest McGregor
1976 – 2006                Jean-Guy Whiteduck (1st time)
2006 – 2008                Stephen McGregor
2008 - 2015                Gilbert Whiteduck
2015 - 2019                Jean-Guy Whiteduck (2nd time)
2019 - 2020                Paul McDougall
2020 - 2024                Dylan Whiteduck
2024 -                     Jean-Guy Whiteduck (3rd time)


Listuguj Mi'gmaq

[Listuguj Mi'gmaq First
                  Nation (Quebec, Canada)]

1824                       Known as Micmacs of Restigouche, reserve set side, no treaty.
1881 – 1970                Restigouche Indian Agency established.
1993                       Renamed Listuguj Mi'gmaq.

Chiefs
1730 - 1796                Joseph Claude                   (d. 1796)
1796 - 1812                Jacques Gagnon                  (d. 1812)
1812 - 1837                Francis Condo                   (b. c.1760 - d. 1837)
1837 - 18..                Thomas Barnaby
bf.1841 - af.1846          Joseph Malie
1879 - 1899                Polycarpe Martin
1899 - 19..                Alexis Marchand
c.1918                     Barney Marchand
c.1951                     T. Gideon
1952 - 1954                Michael Clement
1954 - 1956                ....
1956 - 1957                David Basque
1957 - 1958                Joseph Dedam (1st time)
1958 - 1960                Peter Jacques
1960 - 1962                Joseph Dedam (2nd time)
1962 - af.1965             William Wysote
1976 -  1980               Tony Dedam                       (b. 1943)
1980 - af.1984             Alphonse Metallic                (b. 1928 - d. 1986)
c.1987                     Roderick Wysotte
bf.1988 - 1992             Ronald Jacques (1st time)
1992 - 1997                Brenda Gedeon-Miller (f)
1997 - 1999                Ronald Jacques (2nd time)
1999 - 2012                Allison Metallic
2012 - 2014                Dean Vicaire
2014 - 2016                Scott Martin (1st time)
2016 - 2022                Darcy Gray
2022 -                     Scott Martin (2nd time)


Long Point

[Long Point First Nation
                  (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1912                     Known as Long Point, no treaty or reserve.

Chiefs
c.1982                     Gordon Polson
bf.1987 - af.1990          Jimmy Hunter (1st time)
bf.1991 - af.1992          Jerry Polson
c.1995                     Jimmy Hunter (2nd time)
bf.1998 - 2011             Steeve Mathias (1st time)
2011 - 2013                Leonard Polson
2013 - 2017                Derek Mathias
2017 - Aug 2022            Steeve Mathias (2nd time)

Aug 2022 -                 Henry Rodgers       


Micmac de Gespeg

[Micmac de Gespeg
                  (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1877                     Known as Gaspe, no treaty or reserve.
1914 - 1950                Gaspe Indian agency.
1998/99                    Renamed La Nation Micmac de Gespeg.

Chiefs
1972 - af.1982             Leon Jeannotte
bf.1987 - af.1992          Placide Jeannotte
bf.1997 - af.1998          Linda Simon (f)
bf.1999 - af.2002          Richard Jalbert
bf.2007 - 2015             Claude Jeannotte
2015 - 2020                Manon Jeannotte (f)

2020 - 2024                Terry Shaw
2024 -                     Celine Cassivi (f)


Micmacs of Gesgapegiag

[Micmacs of Gesgapegiag
                  (Quebec, Canada)]

1860                       Known as Micmacs of Maria, reserve set aside, no treaty.
1881 - 1942                Maria Indian agency.
1989                       Renamed Micmacs of Gesgapegiag.

Chiefs
bf.1895 - 1898             Louis J
érôme
1898 - af.1899             James Gideon
c.1982                     Bernard J
érôme
bf.1987 - af.1988          Douglas Martin (1st time)
c.1989                     Guy Condo (1st time)
bf.1990 - 1997             Douglas Martin (2nd time)
1997 - af.2003             John Martin (1st time)
bf.2007 - 2013             Guy Condo (2nd time)
2013 - 2019                Roderick Larocque, Jr. (1st time)
2019 - 2023                John Martin (2nd time)
Aug 2023 -                 Roderick Larocque, Jr. (2nd time)


Mohawks of Akwesasne
 
[Mohawks of Akwesasne
                (Quebec, Canada)]

1749                       Settlement (La Presentation; in 1760, renamed Oswegatchie) at
                             present-day Ogdensburg (in New York state, in the U.S.) by
                             the Iroquois (majority Onondaga) emigrants from the Six Nations
                             Confederacy (details under Onondaga, in the U.S.); a member of
                             the Seven Nations of Canada (details under Mohawks of Kahnawake).

1755                       Another settlement (St.-Regis), originally a sub-community of
                             Sault St.-Louis (present Mohawks of Kahnawake).
1760                       St. Regis formally separated from Sault St. Louis and succeeded
                             declining Oswegatchie as the member of the Seven Nations
                             (by 1806, the last of the Oswegatchies had joined St. Regis).
1783                       Split by the U.S.-Canada (Quebec) border; the formal British
                             land grant ("concession") is issued for the British side of the
                             settlement.
31 May 1796                Treaty with the U.S. (St. Regis Tribe), under joint protection of
                             the U.K. and U.S. (details of gradual separation of so-called
                             American tribe under Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe, in the U.S.)
1847                       St. Regis Reserve (from 1984, referred to as the Akwesasne
                             Mohawk Territory) organized.
1874 – 1970                St. Regis Indian Agency established.
Jul 1888                   Iroquois of St. Regis Band Council imposed by Canada; the Council
                             of life Chiefs continues in opposition to 1968 with no
                             recognition by Canada.
1984                       Renamed Mohawks of Akwesasne.


Chiefs of La Presentation (from 1760, Oswegatchie)
c.1750 - af.1797           Council of Chiefs
                           (12 lineages of life chiefs)
Chiefs of St. Regis (title of life chief: Rotinonhkwiseres)
c.1760 – 1867              Council of Chiefs
                           (12 lineages [to 1806, 9 lineages] of life chiefs)
1867 – 1888                Council of Chiefs
                           (3 life and 2 elected positions)
                           - John Isaac (life chief)
                           - George Thomas (life chief)   (d. 1893)
                           - Alexander Thompson           (d. 1895)
                              (life chief)
                           - Peter Skin (to 1879)
                           - Loran Solomon (to 1877)      (d. 1889)
                           - Mitchell Solomon (1877 – 1883)
                           - John Sawatis (1879 – 1885)
                           - Loran Jacobs (1883 – 1886)   (d. 1886)
                           - Thomas Lazore (1885 – 1888)
1888 – 1891                John Square
1891 – 1895                Mitchell Jacobs (1st time)     (d. 1915)
1895 – 1897                Joseph Thompson
1897 – 1898                John Skin                      (d. 1899)
1898 – 1899                No elections
1899 – 1902                John Angus Louis ?
                            (heads list of councillors in 1899 and 1901)
1902 – 1906                No elections
1906 – 1909                Mitchell Friday
1909 – 1915                Mitchell Jacobs (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1915 – 1918                John Jacobs (1st time)
1918 – 1928                No elections
1928 – 1931                John Jacobs (2nd time)
1931 – 1934                Thomas Oakes
1934 – 1937                John Jacobs (3rd time)
1937 – 1940                Louis Sunday
1940 – 1943                Frank K. Leaf (1st time)       (d. 1963)
1943 – 1946                Mitchell Oakes
1946 – 1948                Clifford White (1st time)
1948 – 1952                John J. Peters
1952 – 1954                David Benedict                 (d. 1958)
1954 – 1956                Clifford White (2nd time)
1956 – 1958                Frank K. Leaf (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1958 – 1962                Ralph Whitebean
1960 – 1963                Alex H. Oakes
1963 – 1964                Florence Thomas (f)
1964 – 1970                Angus Mitchell                 (b. 1903 – d. 1988)
1970 – 1972                William Sunday (1st time)
1972 – 1974                Lawrence Francis (1st time)    (b. 1943 – d. 2005)
1974 – 1976                William Sunday (2nd time)
1976 – 1978                Lawrence Francis (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1978                       Mary David (f)
1978 – 1980                Angus Bonaparte                (b. 1920 – d. 2000)
1980 – 1984                Lawrence Francis (3rd time)    (s.a.)
1984 – 1988                Michael K. Mitchell            (b. 1948)
Grand Chiefs
1988 – 1994                Michael K. Mitchell (1st time) (s.a.)
1994 – 1997                Russell B. Roundpoint
1997 – 2000                Michael K. Mitchell (2nd time) (s.a.)
2000 – Jul 2000            Raymond Mitchell (1st time)
                             (acting)
Jul 2000 – Apr 2002        Michael K. Mitchell (3rd time) (s.a.)
Apr 2002 – 21 Jun 2003     Raymond Mitchell (2nd time)
21 Jun 2003 – 2006         Angela "Angie" Barnes (f)
2006 – Jul 2009            Timothy D. Thompson
Jul 2009 - 2015            Michael K. Mitchell (4th time) (s.a.)
2015 - 15 Jul 2024         Abraham "Abram" Benedict
15 Jul 2024 -
14 Sep 2024  Cindy Francis-Mitchell (f) (acting)
14 Sep 2024 -              Leonard Akwiratekha Lazore


Mohawks of Kahnawa:ke

[Mohawk
                          National Flag]
Flag of Mohawk Nation (unofficial)

1668                       Settlement (La Prairie) by the Iroquois (majority Mohawk)
                             emigrants from the Five Nations confederacy (details under
                             Onondaga, in the U.S.).

1680                       French land grant ("reduction") at Sault St.-Louis to the Jesuit
                             Fathers for the use by the Iroquois.

c.1720 – c.1830            Seven Nations of Canada, a confederacy of Indian settlements in
                             Quebec; the final Seven Nations were: Mohawks of Sault St. Louis
                             (location of the Grand Council of the confederacy), Hurons of
                             Lorette (present Huronne-Wendat, the ceremonial chair of the
                             confederacy), Ab
énakis of St. Francis and Bécancour (present
                             Odanak, Abénakis de Wôlinak), Mohawks of St. Regis (present
                             Mohawks of Akwesasne), Mohawks of Lake of Two Mountains (present
                             Mohawks of Kanesatake), Algonquins and Nipissings of Lake of
                             Two Mountains (two separate nations; present Kitigan Zibi
                             Anishinabeg).

1760                       Alliance with the British by the treaty with the Seven Nations
                            (in 1762, the Jesuit title to the land grant vested with the
                             Crown).

1854                       Sault Saint Louis Reserve (from 1981, referred to as the
                             Kahnawake Mohawk Territory) organized.

1874 – 1968                Caughnawaga Indian Agency established.
1889                       Iroquois of Caughnawaga Band Council imposed by Canada; the
                             Council of Chiefs continues in opposition to at least 1923
                             with no recognition by Canada.

22 May 1981                Renamed Mohawks of Kahnawake.
2012                       Renamed Mohawks of Kahnawà:ke.

Chiefs
c.1694 – 1889              Council of Chiefs
                           (7 lineages [to c.1840, 9 lineages] of life chiefs,
                            title: Rotinonhkwiseres; composition as of 1878 below)

                           - Louis Beauvais               (b. 1833 – d. af.1889)
                           - Thomas Deer                  (d. 1887)
                           - Thomas B. Jocks              (b. 1859 – d. 1893)
                           - Peter Murray                 (b. 1837 – d. af.1881)
                           - Thomas Rice                  (b. 1852 – d. af.1886)
                           - Louis Morris "Itaiorakaron"  (b. 1813? - d. 1885)
                           - Joseph Williams              (b. 1846 - d. 1885)
Chief Councillors (also referred to as the mayors)
(leaders of municipal style council)
1889 – 1890                Thomas B. Jocks                (s.a.)

1890 – af.1891             Louis F. Jackson               (b. 1843 – d. 19..)
c.1892                     Angus Patton
bf.1897 - 1898             Michel Daillebout

1898 – 1899                No elections
1899 – 190.                Pierre Beauvais                (b. 1860 – d. 19..)
c.19..                     Angus Patton
c.1914                     Frank McDonald Jacobs
c.1917                     John T. Daillebout
c.1919                     Peter J. Delisle (1st time)
c.1924                     Joseph Canadian
c.1927                     Louis K. Beauvais              (d. 1927)
c.1930                     Peter Williams
c.1932                     Peter J. Delisle (2nd time)
c.1933                     Joseph M. Lefebvre
c.1938                     Joseph Delisle (1st time)
c.1939                     Peter K. Delisle
c.1941                     Andrew Delisle
c.1943                     Peter Lazare
c.1944                     Joseph Delisle (2nd time)
c.1949                     Harry Beauvais
Chiefs

1952 –  4 Jul 1956         Joseph A. Beauvais             (b. 1899 – d. 1958)
1956 – 1958                Michael T. Montour
1958 – 195.                Mike Lefebvre
1958 - 1962                Matthew Lazare
1962 - 1964                John Lazare
1964 – 1970                Andrew T. Delisle (1st time)   (b. 1933 - d. 2019)

1970 – 1976                Ronald Kirby                   (b. 1936 – d. 2011)
1976 – 1980                Andrew T. Delisle (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1980 – 1982                Joseph "Joe" Tokwiro Norton    (b. 1949 - d. 2020)
Grand Chiefs
1982 –  3 Jul 2004         Joseph "Joe" Tokwiro Norton    (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
 3 Jul 2004 - 22 Jun 2015  Michael Ahríhron Delisle       (b. 1965)
22 Jun 2015 - 14 Aug 2020  Joseph "Joe" Tokwiro Norton    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

Aug 2020 - 
5 Jul 2021     Tonya Perron (f)
                             (chairperson of the Mohawk Council of Kahnawake)
 5 Jul 2021 -  8 Jul 2024  Kahsennenhawe Sky-Deer (f)     (b. 1979)
 8 Jul 2024 -              Cody Diabo
                             (= Ohén:ton Í:iente ne Ratitsénhaienhs)


Mohawks of Kanesatake

[Mohawks of
                          Kanesatake Quebec, Canada)]
Flag of Mohawk Nation (unofficial) in use
locally 2015/17

c.1720 -c.1830             Part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see Mohawks of Kahnawake).
1721                       Disputed French land grant (Iroquois de Lac des Deux Montagnes), 
                             by 1841 not recognized by Lower Canada.

1874 – 1968                Lake of Two Mountains (from 1910, Oka) Indian agency (1947-1958
                             closed).

1876                       Renamed Iroquois of Oka.
1945                       Crown land set aside, no formal reserve or treaty.
1987                       Renamed Mohawks of Kanesatake.

Chiefs
c.1696 - 1899              Council of Chiefs [3 lineages of life chiefs]
1899 – af.1902             Joseph Gabriel                    (d. 193.)
c.1917                     Peter Angus
c.1943                     George Cree
c.1961                     James Montour
Grand Chiefs (life chiefs chairing the Council of Chiefs)
1969/76 - 19..             ....
bf.1982 - 1986             Hugh Nicholas
c.1987                     Alex Montour
198. - 1988                Clarence Simon (1st time)
1988 - 1989                Crawford Gabriel                  (b. 1943 - d. 2002)
1989 - 1990                Clarence Simon (2nd time)
1990 - 1991                George Martin
Grand Chiefs
1991 - 1996                Jerry Peltier
1996 - 2001                James Gabriel (1st time)          (b. 1967)
2001 - 2002                Steven Bonspille (1st time)
2002 - 2004                James Gabriel (2nd time)          (s.a.)
2004 - 2008                Steven Bonspille (2nd time)
2008 - 2011                Paul Nichols                      (b. 1973)
2011 - 31 Jul 2021         Serge Otsi Simon
31 Jul 2021 -              Victor Akwirente Bonspille


Montagnais de Pakua Shipi


[Montagnais de Pakua Shipi
                (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1880                     Known as St.-Augustin, no treaty or reserve.
1914 - 1957                St. Augustin Indian agency.
1987                       Renamed Montagnais de Pakua Shipi.

Chiefs
bf.1982 - af.1997          Charles Mark
c.1998                     Jérôme Mestenapéo
bf.2001 - af.2002          Marcel Lalo (1st time)
bf.2007 - 2012             Christiane Lalo (f)
2012 - 2020                Denis Mestenap
éo (1st time)
2020 - 2022                Guy Mestenapeo
2022 - 2024                Denis Mestenapéo (2nd time)
2024 -                     Marcel Lalo (2nd time)


Montagnais de Unamen Shipu


[Montagnais de Unamen Shipu
                (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1880                     Known as Romaine, no treaty.
1956                       Reserve set aside.
1990 - 1997                Renamed Montagnais de la Romaine.
1997                       Renamed Montagnais de Unamen Shipu.


Chiefs
c.1880                     Charles Lafontaine
bf.1982 - af.1988          Jean-Baptiste Lalo (1st time)
bf.1989 - af.1991          Georges Bacon (1st time)
bf.1992 - 1997             Jean-Baptiste Lalo (2nd time)
1997 - af.1999             Georges Bacon (2nd time)
bf.2001 - 2003             Edmond Mestenap
éo
2003 - 2005                Jean-Baptiste Lalo (3rd time)
2005 - 2007                Georges Bacon (3rd time)
2007 - 2009                Guy Bellefleur
2009 - 2011                Georges Bacon (4th time)
2011 - 2013                Raymond Bellefleur (1st time)
2013 - 2015                Adélard Bellefleur
2015 - 2017                Alain Lalo
2017 - 2023                Bryan Mark 
2023 -                     Raymond Bellefleur (2nd time)


Naskapi of Kawawachikamach

[Naskapi Nation of
                Kawawachikamach (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1949                     Known as Fort Chimo, no treaty or reserve.
1972                       Renamed Naskapis of Schefferville.
1978                       The Northeastern Quebec Agreement of 1978 effective.
1992 - 1995                Renamed Naskapis of Quebec.
1995                       Renamed Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach.


Chiefs
1968 - 1990                Joseph Guanish                  (b. 1931 - d. 2017)
1990 - 1997                George Shecanapish
1997 - 2003                Phillip Einish (1st time)
2003 - 2004                Elijah Einish
2004 - 2006                Jimmy Einish
2006 - 2009                Phillip Einish (2nd time)
2009 - 2012                Louis Einish
2012 - 2013                Isaac Pien
2013 - 2021                Noah Swappie

2021 - 2024                Theresa Chemaganish (f)

2024 -                     Louise Nattawappio (f)



Odanak

[Odanak First Nation
                (Quebec, Canada)]

1700                       French land grant (Abénakis de St.-François), in 1760 confirmed
                             by the British.
c.1720 - c.1830            Abénaki (as single nation) a part of the Seven Nations of Canada
                             (see under Mohawks of Kahnawake).
1856                       Constitution adopted.
1873 - 1962                St. Francis (from 1910, Pierreville) Indian agency.
1962                       Renamed Odanak.

First Grand chiefs (by precedence)

bf.1750 - 18..             ....
bf.1841 - 1857             Ignace Portneuf                  (b. 1792 - d. 1857)
18.. - 1876                Louis Watso                      (b. 1788 - d. 1895)
Chiefs 
187. - 1880                Solomon Benedict                 (b. 1839 - d. ....)
1880 - 1894                Joseph Laurent                   (b. 1839 - d. 1917)
1894 - 1914                Henry Masta                      (b. 1853 - d. 1943)
c.1977                     Walter Watso
c.1982                     Albert O'Bomsawin (1st time)
bf.1987 - af.1988          Fernand O'Bomsawin (1st time)
bf.1990 - af.1991          Albert O'Bomsawin (2nd time)
c.1992                     Fernand O'Bomsawin (2nd time)
bf.1997 - 2007             Gilles O'Bomsawin
2007 -                     Richard O'Bomsawin



Ouje-Bougoumou Cree


[Ouje-Bougoumou Cree Nation
                (Quebec, Canada)]

2014                       Separated from Cree of Mistissini (Ouje-Bougoumou Cree Nation),
                             covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975.

Chiefs
bf.1966 - af.1974          Jimmy Mianscum
bf.1991 - 2001             Abel Bosum
2001 - 2007                Sam Bosum
2007 - 2011                Louise Wapachee (f)
2011 - 2015                Reggie Neeposh
2015 - 2023                Curtis Bosum
 
2023 -                     Gaston Cooper



Pekuakamiulnuatsh


[Pekuakamiulnuatsh First
                Nation (Quebec, Canada)]


1853                       Known as Montagnais du Lac St.-Jean, reserve set aside, no treaty.
1873 - 1969                Lake St. John (from 1910, Pointe Bleue) Indian Agency established.
2016                       Renamed Pekuakamiulnuatsh.

Chiefs
c.1849                     Simeon
c.1857                     Basile
bf.1895 - 1898             Fran
çois Jourdain
1898 - af.1899             Patrick Cleary
c.1965                     Harry Kurtness
1975 - 1983                Aurelian Gill (1st time)        (b. 1933 – d. 2015)
1983 - 1987                Armand-Noe Germain              (b. 1945 – d. 2005)
1987 - 1989                Aurelian Gill (2nd time)        (s.a.)
bf.1991 - 1997             R
émy Kurtness
1997 - 2003                Clifford Moar (1st time)
2003 - 2010                Gilbert Dominique (1st time)
2010 - 2013                Clifford Moar (2nd time)
2013 - 2017                Gilbert Dominique (2nd time)
2017 -  3 Aug 2021         Clifford Moar (3rd time)
 3 Aug 2021 -              Gilbert Dominique (3rd time)


Timiskaming

[Timiskaming First Nation
                (Quebec, Canada)]

1853                       Known as Temiscamingue, reserve set aside, no treaty.
1887 - 1968                Timiskaming (to 1903, Temiscamingue) Indian agency.
1934                       Renamed Timiskaming.


Chiefs
185. - 18..                ....
c.1877                     Hilarion Masinikiyik
bf.1896 - 1899             Tanis Stanger (1st time)
1899 – 190.                John Polson
1903 – 1909                John King
1909 – 1913                Isaac McBride
1913 – 1915                Jean Masinikiyik
1915 – 1920                John McBride
1920 – 1925                Tanis Stanger (2nd time)
1925 – 1932                John Chevrier
1932 – 1933                B.F. Wabie (1st time)
1933 – 1936                Augustin Wabie
1936 – 1939                Richard Polson
1939 – 1945                B.F. Wabie (2nd time)
1945 – 1960                Wilfred McBride
1960 – 1965                Henry Polson
1965 – 1968                Thomas Chevrier
1968 – 1980                Albert McBride (1st time)
1980 – 1984                Randy Polson (1st time)
1984 – 1986                Albert McBride (2nd time)
1986 – 1988                Randy Polson (2nd time)
1988 – 1990                Raymond Polson
1990 – 2000                Carol McBride (f)
2000 – 2002                Daniel Chief
2002 – 2004                Beverly Polson (f)
2004 – 2010                Conrad Polson
2010 – 2012                Arden McBride (1st time)
2012 - 2016                Terrance McBride
2016 - 2019                Wayne McKenzie
2019 - 2021                Sacha Wabie (f)

2021 - 2022                Arden McBride (2nd time)
 
2022 - 2023                Jean Miljour
 
2023 -                     Vicky Chief (f)



Waswanipi

[Cree Nation of Waswanipi
              (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1930                     Known as Waswanipi, no treaty.
1962                       Reserve set aside.
1977                       The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.

Chiefs
1927 - 1928                Noah Diamond
1928 - 1930                Peter Nayassit
1930 - 1934                Alex Cooper
1934 - 1939                Joseph Saganash
1939 - 1967                Diom Blacksmith
1967                       Allan Cooper
1967 - 1970                Louis Gull
1970 - 1980                Peter Gull                      (b. 1943 - d. 2003)
1980 – 1981                Simon Ottereyes
1981 - 1982                Billy Ottereyes
1982 - 1990                Abel Kitchen
1990 - 1993                Allan Happyjack
1993 - 1999                John Kitchen (1st time)
1999 - 2002                Paul Gull (1st time)
2004 - 2007                Robert Kitchen
2007 - 2010                John Kitchen (2nd time)
2010 - 2014                Paul Gull (2nd time)
2014 - 2022                Marcel Happyjack  
2022 -                     Irene Nepoosh (f)


Whapmagoostui
 
[Whapmagoostui
                    First Nation (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1949                     Known as Great Whale River, no treaty or reserve.
1977                       The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.
1990                       Renamed Whapmagoostui.

Chiefs
1949 - 19..                Sam Masty
c.1955                     John Mukash                     (b. 1907 – d. 1998)
c.1965                     John Petagumskum
1974 - 1977                Joseph Petagumskum
1977 - 1985                Robbie Dick (1st time)
1985 - 1987                Isaac Masty
1987 - 1992                Robbie Dick (2nd time) 
1994 - 2000                Matthew Mukash                  (b. 1951)
2000 - 2006                David Masty                     (b. 19.. - d. 2007)
2006 - 2009                Losty Mimianskum
2009 – 2016                Stanley George
2016 - 2020                Louisa Wynne (f)
2020 -                     Robbie Kawapit


Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk

[Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk
                  ex-Malecite de Viger (Quebec, Canada)]

1853                       Known as Malécite de Viger, reserve set aside, no treaty.
1879 - 1949                Viger (from 1910, Cacouna) Indian agency.
Aug 2019                   Renamed Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk.

Chiefs
1841 - af.1853             Louis Thomas                    (b. 1766 - d. 1869)
bf.1895 - af.1899          Edouard Denis
Grand Chiefs
1987 - af.1990             Jean-Marie Aubin
bf.1991 - af.1992          Gaetane Aubin (f)
bf.1995 - 1999             Bernard Jenniss
1999 - Dec 2004            Anne Archambault (f) (1st time) (b. 1955 - d. 2023)
Dec 2004 - Feb 2006        Jean Genest
Feb 2006 - 2008            Council
2008 - 2016                Anne Archambault (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
2016 -                     Jacques Tremblay


Wolf Lake

[Wolf Lake First Nation
                (Quebec, Canada)]

c.1910                     Known as Wolf Lake, no treaty or reserve.

Chiefs
bf.1910 - af.1924          Joe Petrimond                   (d. bf.1931)
c.1958                     Gabriel Paul
bf.1967 - af.1972          Francis Paul
bf.1980 - af.1982          Andrew Paul
bf.1986 - 1987             Richard Miness
1987 - 2018                Harold St. Denis                (b. 1957 - d. 2018)
2018 -                     Lisa Robinson (f
)



Saskatchewan



Ahtahkakoop

[Ahtahkakoop First
                        Nation flag (Saskatchewan, Canada)]
Adopted Sep 1994

1876                       Signed the Treaty No.6 (Ahtahkakoop).
1916 - 1986                Renamed Sandy Lake.

Co-Head chief of the House People
(Plains Cree in the north-western part of Saskatchewan)
bf.1870 - 1876             John Starblanket (Atahkakohp)   (b. 1816 – d. 1896)
Chiefs
1876 – 1896                John Starblanket (Atahkakohp)   (s.a.)
1896 – 1898                Band council [4 headmen]
1898 – 1926                Basil Starblanket               (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
                             (Kaynayoostatin)
1927 – 1957                Allan Ahenakew (1st time)       (b. 1892 – d. 19..)
1957 – 1960                Lance Ahenakew (1st time)       (b. 1916)
1960 – 1968                Allan Ahenakew (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1968 – 1972                Paul Ahenakew (1st time)
1972 – 1974                Lance Ahenakew (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1974 – 1980                Paul Ahenakew (2nd time)
1980 – 1985                Frederick "Fred" Sasakamoose    (b. 1933 - d. 2020)
1985 – 1990                Barry Leslie Ahenakew (1st time)
1990 – 1992                Clifford S. Ahenakew
1992 – 2005                Barry Leslie Ahenakew (2nd time)
 1 Jul 2005 -              Larry Davis Ahenakew




Beardy's and Okemasis

[Beardy's and Okemasis
                First Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty Nr. 6 (Beardy's).
1887 - 1969                Duck Lake Indian agency.
1911                       Renamed Beardy's and Okemasis.

Head chief of the Willow (Parklands) People
(Plains Cree in the central part of Saskatchewan)
bf.1870 - 1876             Kahmeeyistoowaysit "Beardy"     (b. 1828 - d. 1889)
Chiefs
1876 - 1885                Kahmeeyistoowaysit "Beardy"     (s.a.)
1885 - 1936                Vacant
c.1973                     Leo A. Cameron
c.1978                     Andrew H. Michael (1st time)
c.1982                     Ralph H. Gardippie
c.1987                     Andrew H. Michael (2nd time)
bf.1989 - 1994             Richard J. Gamble (1st time)
1994 - 1998                Edgar A. Thomas
1998 - 2000                Richard J. Gamble (2nd time)
2000                       Dale Gamble (acting)
c.2003                     Garnet Eyahpaise
bf.2008 - 2011             Richard J. Gamble (3rd time)
2011 - 2014                Remonda A. Gardypie (f)
2014 - 2017                Richard J. Gamble (4th time)
2017 - 2020                Claude Petit

2020 -                     Edwin Ananas


Big Island Lake Cree

1913                       Separated from Ministikwan Lake, under the Treaty No. 6
                             (Joseph Bighead).
2001                       Renamed Big Island Lake Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1913 - 19..                Joseph Bighead (Napew)
c.1973                     Leo Bighead
c.1978                     Phillip Kahpeepatow
bf.1982 - af.2003          Ernest Sundown
bf.2007 - 2009             Ernest Cree
2009 - 2015                David G. Sandfly (1st time)
2015 - 2019                Roland Ochuschayo
2019 -                     David G. Sandfly (2nd time)



Big River

[Big River First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1878                       Signed the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (from 1880, named Kenemotayo).
c.1916                     Renamed Big River.

Chiefs
1878 - 1879                Sasewahum                       (d. 1879)
1880 - 191.                Kenemotayo
c.1914                     Band council [3 headmen]
c.1918                     Papeewahin                      (b. 1874 – d. 1961)
c.19..                     Joe Whitefish
1971 - 1973                George Whitefish (1st time)
1973 - 1977                Albert Lachance
c.1978                     George Whitefish (2nd time)
1979 - 1987                John G. Joseph
1987 - 1993                John Keenatch
1993 - 1996                Vital Lachance
1996 - 1999                Douglas Joseph
1999 - 2019                Bruce D. Morin
2019 - 2023                Jack Rayne
 
2023 -                     Jonathan Bear


Birch Narrows

[Birch Narrows First
                    Nation possible flag (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1972                       Separated from Buffalo River, under the Treaty No. 10
                             (Turnor Lake).
1996                       Renamed Birch Narrows.

Chiefs
1972 - 1973                Joseph G. OneEye
1973 - 1978                Lambert Sylvester (1st time)
1978 - 1982                Leon Cataract
1982 - 1984                Lambert Sylvester (2nd time)
1984 - 1988                Jerome Paul Sylvester
1988 - 1990                Eric Sylvester
1990 - 1994                Jean Campbell
1994 - 1998                Wanda M. Cataract (f)
1998 - 2014                Robert J. Sylvestre
2014 -                     Jonathan P. Sylvestr
e


Black Lake

[Black Lake First
                      Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1948                       Separated from Fond du Lac, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (Stony Rapids).
1986                       Renamed Black Lake.

Chiefs
1948 - 1972                Louis Chicken
1972 - 1974                Pierre Robillard
1974 - 1976                Billy Sandypoint
1976 - 1982                Leon Thomas Cook
1982                       Ben Toutsaint
1982 - 1983                Leon Alphonse
1983 - 1984                Joe Robillard
1984 - 1994                Daniel Robillard
1994 - 1996                Donald Sayazie (1st time)
1996 - 1999                Ronald A. Robillard
1999 - 2000                Edwin Boneleye
2000 - 2004                Victor Echodh
2004 - 2008                Frederick Thorassie
2008 - 2012                Donald Sayazie (2nd time)
2012 - 2016                Rickey L. Robillard
2016 - 2020                Coreen Sayazie (f)
(1st time)
2020 - 2021                Archie Robillard
2021 -                     Coreen Sayazie (f)(2nd time)


Buffalo River Dene

[Buffalo River Dene
                        Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1906                       Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Clear Lake).
1934                       Renamed Peter Pond Lake.
1972                       Renamed Buffalo River.
1996                       Renamed Buffalo River Dene Nation.

Chiefs
1906 - 1911                Raphael Bedshidekkge
1911 - 1932                Pierre Nezcroche
1932 - 1940                Raphael Campbell
1940 - 1972                Alexander Campbell
c.1973                     Felix Sylvester
bf.1978 - af.1982          Jerome "Jerry" Noolchos (1st time)
bf.1987 - af.1992          Alex G. Billette
199. - 1994                Jerome "Jerry" Noolchos (2nd time)
1994 - 2005                Elmer Campbell (1st time)
2005 - 2009                Louis Chanalquay
2009 - 2013                Debbie A. Billette (f)
2013 - 2015                Lance B. Byhette
2015 - 2019                Eileen Morrison (f)
2019 - 2022                Elmer Campbell (2nd time

2022 -                     Norma Catarat (f)



Canoe Lake Cree

[Canoe Lake Cree
                          First Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1906                       Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Canoe Lake).
1913 - 1936                Ile-a-la-Crosse Indian agency.
2018                       Renamed Canoe Lake Cree.

Chiefs
1906 - 19..                John Iron
c.1973                     Ted Iron
c.1978                     John Iron, Jr.
c.1982                     Francis Iron (1st time)
c.1987                     Kenneth T. Iron
bf.1989 - 1993             Francis Iron (2nd time)
1993 - 1998                J. Guy LaRiviere (1st time)
1998 - 2000                Francis Iron (3rd time)
2000 - 2010                J. Guy LaRiviere (2nd time)
2010 - 2014                Robert L. Opekokew
2014 -                     Francis Iron (4th time)



Carry The Kettle

[Carry The Kettle
                            First Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1877                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Indian Head).
1886 - 1935                Assiniboine Indian agency.
1891                       Renamed Carry The Kettle.

Chiefs
1877 - 1891                Cuwkencaayu "Man Who Took        (d. 1891)
                             the Coat"
1891 - 1923                Cega Kin "Carry the Kettle"      (d. 1923)
1923 - 19..                Silas Adams
c.1972                     Daniel Kennedy
bf.1973 - 1988             Antoine "Tony" Ashdoehonk
1988 - 2000                James L. O'Watch
bf.2002 - 2006             K. Barry Kennedy (1st time)
2006 - 2008                Lauren Hotomani (f)
2008 - 2010                K. Barry Kennedy (2nd time)
2010 - 2012                Ivan B. Thompson
2012 - 2016                K. Barry Kennedy (3rd time)
2016 - 2018                Elsie Jack (f)
2018 - 2022                Brady O'Watch
 
2022 -                     Scott Eashappie


Clearwater River Dene

[Clearwater
                              River Dene First Nation (Saskatchewan,
                              Canada)]

1926                       Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8
                             (Portage La Loche).
1986                       Renamed Big C.
1996                       Renamed Clearwater River Dene.

Chiefs
1926 - 19..                ....
c.1937                     Alphonse Piche
c.1973                     Louis Haineault
bf.1978 - 1993             Frank Piche
1993 - 2013                J. Roy Cheecham
2013 -                     Teddy J. Clark



Cote
 
[Cote First
                                Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Cote).
1888 – 1969                Pelly (1894-1903 Swan River) Indian agency.

Chiefs
1874 - 1884                Gabriel Cote (Mimiy "Pigeon")   (d. 1884)
1884 - 1912                Joseph Cote
1912 - 1942                Jimmy Cote
1942 - 1944                Donald Cote
1944 - 1946                John Pelly
1946 - 1956                Allen Fiddler
1956 - 1962                Johnny Severight (1st time)
1962 - 1964                Hector Badger
1964 - 1966                Johnny Severight (2nd time)
1966 - 1969                Albert Cote
1969 - 1974                Antoine "Tony" Cote (1st time)  (b. 1935 – d. 2019)
1974                       Richard Whitehawk
1974 - 1978                Antoine "Tony" Cote (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1978 - 1982                Norman Stevenson
1982 - 1992                Alfred J. Stevenson
1992 - 1994                Patrick Cote
1994 - 1996                George Tourangeau
1996                       Lawrence Cote
1996 - 2000                James A. Severight
2000 - 2016                A. Norman Whitehawk
2016 -                     George P. Cote



Cowessess

[Cowessess
                                  First Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Cowessess).

Chiefs
1874 - 1886                Kiwisance "Little Child"        (d. 1886)
1887 - 1890                Louis O'Soup                    (b. 183. – d. 1913)
bf.1897 - af.1899          Nepahpeness
1903 - af.1909             Joseph Lerat
bf.1973 - af.1978          Kenneth L. Sparvier (1st time)
c.1982                     Gordon D. Lerat (1st time)
c.1985                     Henry Delorme
bf.1987 - af.1990          Kenneth L. Sparvier (2nd time)
c.1991                     Lionel K. Sparvier (1st time)
bf.1992 - 1996             Terry W. Lavalle (1st time)
1996 - af.1998             Lionel K. Sparvier (2nd time)
bf.2000 - 2002             Terrence Pelletier
2002 - af.2004             Patricia Sparvier (f)
bf.2006 - 2010             Gordon D. Lerat (2nd time)
2010 - 2013                Grady M. Lerat
2013 - 2016                Terry W. Lavalle (2nd time)
2016 - 2023                Cadmus Delorme
 
2023 -                     Erica J. Beaudin (f)


Cumberland House Cree


[Cumberland House Cree Nation
                                    (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Cumberland House).
1996                       Renamed Cumberland House Cree Nation

Chiefs
1876 - 1880                John Cochrane                   (d. 1880)
1880 - 1886                Albert Flett (1st time)         (d. 1902)
1886 - 1889                Samuel Greenleaf
1889 - 1892                Albert Flett (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1892 - 1895                Jeremiah Crane
1895 - 1897                Albert Flett (3rd time)         (s.a.)
1898 - 1901                Jeremiah Crane (headman)
1901 - 1910                Vacant
1910 - 1977                ....
c.1973                     Tom Settee
1977 - 1981                Pierre Settee (1st time)
1981 - 1986                Joseph Laliberte
1986 - 1999                Pierre Settee (2nd time)
1999 - 2001                Walter G. Sewap (1st time)
2001 - 2003                Pierre Settee (3rd time)
2003 - 2005                Peter Laliberte
2005 - 2009                Walter G. Sewap (2nd time)
2009 - 2018                Lorne G. Stewart
2018 -                     Rene Chaboyer



Day Star

[Day Star First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Day Star).

Chiefs
1874 - 1892                Kisecawchuck "Day Star"         (d. 1892)
bf.1897-af.1899            "Crow Buffalo" (headman)
1912 – 1935                Kinequon
1936 – 1964                James Kinequon
1964 – 1967                Morris Kinequon
1967 – 1969                Anthony Kinequon
1969 – 1971                Mark Kinequon
1971 – 1973                Hilliard Crow Buffalo
1973 – 1979                Steven Kapay
1979 – 1981                Tony Kinequon
1981 – 1987                Lloyd Kinequon
1987 – 1999                Cameron L. Kinequon
1999 - af.2003             Nelson Wright
bf.2007 - 2009             Glen Buffalo
2009 -                     Lloyd W. Buffalo



English River

[English River First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1906                       Signed the Treaty No. 10 (English River).

Chiefs
1906 - 19..                William Apisis
bf.1973 - af.1978          Jean Baptiste Sandypoint
c.1982                     Edward Black
c.1987                     Joseph W. Everett
c.1989                     Patrick Cambell
bf.1990 - 1993             Louis George
1993 - 2001                Archie J. Campbell (1st time)
2001 - 2003                Alfred Dawatsare (1st time)
2003 - 2005                Tobie Aubichon
2005 - 2007                Archie J. Campbell (2nd time)
2007 - 2009                Raphael Paul
2009 - 2013                Alfred Dawatsare (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                Marie Black (f)
2015 - 2019                Lawrence McIntyre
2019 - 2023                Jerry Bernard
 
2023 -                     Alfred Dawatsare (3rd time)


Fishing Lake

[Fishing Lake First
                Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1907                       Separated from Yellow Quill, under the Treaty No. 4
                             (Fishing Lake).

Chiefs
1907 - 1914                Vacant
1914 - 1956                Sabitawasis                     (b. c.1864 – d. 1956)
1956 - 1964                Arthur Anderson (1st time)
1964 - 1966                Joe F. Young
1966 - 1968                Arthur Anderson (2nd time)
1968 - 1970                Percy Severight
1970 - 1974                George Kayseas (1st time)
1974 - 1978                Matthew Smoke
1978 - 1984                George Kayseas (2nd time)
1984 - 1994                Allan Paquachan (1st time)
1994 - 1996                Michael Desjarlais (1st time)
1996 - af.2001             Allan Paquachan (2nd time)
bf.2003 - 2007             Michael Desjarlais (2nd time)
2007 - 2009                Allan Paquachan (3rd time)
2009 - 2011                Shirley Wolfe (f)
2011 - 2015                Allan Paquachan (4th time)
2015 -                     Derek W. Sunshine



Flying Dust

[Flying Dust First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]  

1878                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Kapahawakenum).
1902                       Renamed Meadow Lake.
1948 - 1970                Meadow Lake Indian agency.
1978                       Renamed Flying Dust.

Chiefs
1878 - af.1885             Kapahawakenum "Flying Dust"
bf.1897 - 1898             Band council [3 headmen]
1898 - af.1899             Alfred Mirasty (Moostoos)
1909 - 1918                James Bear
1918 - 1923                Vacant
1923 - 19..                Matchee
c.1973                     Frank Mirasty (1st time)        (b. 1931)
1976 – 197.                Frank Mirasty (2nd time)        (s.a.)
c.1978                     Albert P. Derocher
19.. - 1982                Frank Mirasty (3rd time)        (s.a.)
1982 - 1984                ....
1984 - 1996                Richard Gladue (1st time)
1996                       Gerald Durocher
1996 - 1998                Bobby E. Mirasty
1998 - 2004                Richard Merasty
2004 - 2008                Percy Derocher
2008 - 2012                James Norman
2012 - 2014                Robert A. Merasty
2014 - 2016                Richard Gladue (2nd time)
2016 - 2022                Jeremy Norman
 
2022 -                     Tyson Bear


Fond du Lac

[Fond du Lac First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1899                       Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fond du Lac).

Chiefs
1899 - 19..                Maurice Piche
c.1930                     Joseph Dziedins
c.1973                     Adolphus B. Mercredi (1st time)
1976 - 1978                Pierre Fern
1978 - 1980                August Mercredi (1st time)
1980 - 1981                Germain Adam
1981 - 1985                Adolphus B. Mercredi (2nd time)
1985 - 1987                August Mercredi (2nd time)
1987                       George Fern (1st time)
1987 - 1989                Roger Mercredi
1989 - 1991                August Mercredi (3rd time)
1991 - 1992                Napoleon J. Mercredi (1st time)
1992 - 1993                George Fern (2nd time)
1993                       Joe Marten
1993 - 1994                August Mercredi (4th time)
1994 - 1995                Adolphus B. Mercredi (3rd time)
1995 - 1996                Napoleon J. Mercredi (2nd time)
1996 - 1998                Caroline D. Isadore (f)
1998 - 1999                Napoleon J. Mercredi (3rd time)
1999 - 2004                I. Edward Marten
2004 - 2005                Alan B. Adam
2005 - 2007                Victor D. Fern
2007 - 2009                Albert Mercredi
2009 - 2011                Napoleon J. Mercredi (4th time)
2011 - 2015                Earl J. Lidguere
2015 - 2017                Jerry R. Adam
2017 - 2021                Louis Mercredi

2021 - 2024                Kevin Mercredi
2024 -                     Ronnie Augier


George Gordon

[George Gordon First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Gordon).
2007                       Renamed George Gordon.

Chiefs
1874 - 1894                George Gordon (Kaneonuskatew
                             "Walks on Four Claws")         (d. 1894)
bf.1897 - af.1899          Band council [3 headmen]
bf.1973 - af.1982          Hilliard McNab
bf.1987 - af.1991          Wayne Morris
bf.1992 - 1996             Bryan A. McNabb (1st time)
1996 - af.1998             Dennis R. Hunter
bf.2000 - 2008             Bryan A. McNabb (2nd time)
2008 - 2010                Ken Sinclair
2010 - 2012                Glen Pratt
2012 - 2016                Shawn R. Longman (1st time)
2016 - 2017                Bryan A. McNabb (3rd time)
2017 - 2018                John McNab
2018 - 2024                Byron Bitternose

2024 -                     Shawn R. Longman (2nd time)


Hatchet Lake
            
[Hatchet Lake First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1906                       Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Lac La Hache).
1990                       Renamed Hatchet Lake.

Chiefs
1906 - 19..                Thomas Benaouni
c.1973                     Martin Josie (1st time)
1976 - 1977                Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (1st time)
1977 - 1978                Joseph Besskkaystare
1978 - 1981                Martin Josie (2nd time)
1981 - 1984                Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (2nd time)
1984 - 1986                A. Hector Kkailther (1st time)
1986 - 1987                Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (3rd time)
1987 - 1988                Angus Joseyounen (1st time)
1988 - 1991                Edward Benonie
1991 - 1993                Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (4th time)
1993 - 1994                Alfred Tsannie
1994 - 1996                Emilien Hanson (1st time)
1996 - 1998                A. Hector Kkailther (2nd time)
1998                       Emilien Hanson (2nd time)
1998 - 2000                Laura F. Natomagan (f)
2000 - 2002                Louis P. Josie (1st time)
2002 - 2004                Angus Joseyounen (2nd time)
2004 - 2007                Louis P. Josie (2nd time)
2007 - 2009                Rosalie E. Tsannie-Burseth (f)
2009 -                     Bartholomew J. Tsannie



James Smith Cree


[James
                              Smith First Nation old flag (Saskatchewan,
                              Canada)]
Former Flag
[James Smith
                          First Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]
Current Flag
1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (James Smith).

Chiefs
1876 - 1902                James Smith                     (d. 1902)
1903 - 1937                James Head                      (d. 1937)
1938 - 1946                Edward McLean
1946 - 1953                Abel McLeod
1953 - 1955                John W. Sanderson
1955 - 1959                George Burns
1959 - 1963                William J. Head (1st time)
1963                       John M. McLeod                  (d. 1963)
1963 - 1965                Samuel Moostoos (1st time)
1965 - 1969                William J. Head (2nd time)
1969                       Samuel Moostoos (2nd time)
1969 - 1971                William J. Head (3rd time)
1971 - 1973                Simon R. Brittain
1973 - 1979                Solomon Sanderson
1979 - 1981                James R. Burns
1981 - 1983                Isaac Daniels
1983 - 1987                Angus McLean
1987 - 1989                Terry Sanderson (1st time)
1989 - 1992                Walter J. Constant (1st time)
1992 - 1997                Terry Sanderson (2nd time)
1997 - 2000                Eddie Head
2000 - 2004                Walter J. Constant (2nd time)
2004 - 2006                George M. Marion
2006 - 2008                Luther Constant
2008 - 2009                Wally R. Burns (1st time)
2009 - 2010                Calvin Sanderson
2010 - 2014                Wally R. Burns (2nd time)
2014 - 2016                Justin Burns
2016 - 2024                Wally R. Burns (3rd time)

2024 -                     Kirby Constant

 
Kahkewistahaw

[Kahkewistahaw First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Kahkewistahaw).
1885 - 1969                Crooked Lake Indian agency.
1996                       Casino opened.

Head chief of the Rabbit Skin People
(Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] allies in the south-eastern
part of Saskatchewan)
bf.1860 - 1874            Kakiwistahaw "Flies Around"      (b. c.1810 - d. 1905)
Chiefs
1874 - 1905               Kakiwistahaw "Flies Around"      (s.a.)
1905 - 1911               Vacant
1911 - 19..               Joe Louison
c.1973                    Louis E. Taypotat (1st time)
1976 - 1989               Louis E. Taypotat (2nd time)
1989 - 1991               Charles B. Bob
1991 - 2009               Louis E. Taypotat (3rd time)
2009 - 2013               Sheldon K. Taypotat
2013 - 2017               Louis E. Taypotat (4th time)
2017 -                    Evan Taypotat



Kawacatoose

[Kawacatoose Cree Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Poorman).
1886 - 1970                Touchwood Indian agency.
1990                       Renamed Kawacatoose.

Head chief of the Touchwood Hills People
(Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] allies in eastern part of Saskatchewan)
bf.1870 - 1874             Kawacatoose "Poor Man"          (d. 1882)
Chiefs
1874 - 1882                Kawacatoose "Poor Man"          (s.a.)
1883 - 1932                Tawequaesquape "Middle of the Sky"
1932 - 1954                Edward Poorman
1954 - 1956                Edward Worm (1st time)
1956 - 1958                ....
1958 - 1966                John Skeboss (1st time)
1966 - 1968                Edward Worm (2nd time)
1968 - 1970                John Skeboss (2nd time)
1970 - 1972                Joe Littletent
1972 - 1976                Howard Dustyhorn (1st time)
1976 - 1978                Edward Desjarlais
1978 - 1982                Howard Dustyhorn (2nd time)
1982 - 2002                Richard Poorman                  (b. 1945 – d. 2008)
bf.2006 - 2010             Dennis Dustyhorn (1st time)
2010 - 2014                Darren Poorman
2014 - 2018                Dennis Dustyhorn (2nd time)
2018 - 2022                Thomas Dustyhorn
 
2022 -                     Lee-Anne Kehler (f)

 
Keeseekoose

[Keeseekoose First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874     
                  Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Keeseekoose).

Chiefs
1874 - af.1899             Kishikonsh "Little Sky"
c.1973                     Daniel Keshane
c.1978                     Felix Musqua
c.1982                     Denzil H. Kitchemonia
bf.1987 - 1996             Albert J. Musqua
1996 - 2002                Theodore D. Quewezance
2002 - 2011                Phillip Quewezance
2011 - 2014                Riel L. Keshane
2014 - 2017                Lyndon R. Musqua
2017 - 2021                Calvin Straightnose

2021 - 2024                Lee Kitchemonia
2024 -                     Alvin T. Musqua

 
Kinistin Saulteaux

[Kinistin Saulteaux
                    Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1907                       Separated from Yellow Quill, under the Treaty No. 4
                             (Kinistino).
1997/2002                  Renamed Kinistin Saulteaux Nation.

Chiefs
1907 - af.1914             Vacant
c.1973                     Patrick A. Thomas (1st time)
c.1978                     Stanley Smokyday
c.1982                     Patrick A. Thomas (2nd time)
bf.1987 - af.1989          Billy Scott
bf.1990 - af.1992          Albert Scott (1st time)
bf.1995 - 1999             Felix Thomas (1st time)
1999 - 2003                Donna Renneberg (f)
2003 - 2009                Felix Thomas (2nd time)
2009 - 2011                Peter Nippi
2011 - 2013                Albert Scott (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                David R. Scott
2015 - 2021                Gregory Scott
2021 -                     Felix Thomas (3rd time)


Lac La Ronge
 
[Lac La Ronge Indian Band
              (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

11 Feb 1889                Adherence to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (James Roberts Band).
1910                       James Roberts Band split into two Bands (James Roberts Band
                             and the Amos Charles Band).

1950                       Bands amalgamated and become the Lac La Ronge Indian Band.

Chiefs of James Roberts Band (La Ronge, Sask.)
1888 - 1901                James Roberts
1901 - 1910                Amos Charles
1910 - 1946                Joseph Charles
1946 - 1950                Moses Ratt 
Chiefs of the Amos Charles Band (Stanley Mission, Sask.)
1910 - 1930                Amos Charles
1930 - 1945                Walter McKenzie
1945 - 1950                Nehemiah Charles
Chiefs of the Lac La Ronge Indian Band 
1950 - 1955                Moses Ratt 
                           - jointly with -
1950 - 1955                Nehemiah Charles
1955 - 1967                Vacant
1967 - 1969                Isaiah Charles
1969 – 1971                John Cook
1971 – 1983                James Myles Venne (1st time)     (b. 1918 – d. 2007)
1983 – 1985                James Thomas "Tom" McKenzie
1985 – 1987                James Myles Venne (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1987 - 31 May 2005         Harry D. Cook
31 May 2005 -              Tammy M. Cook-Searson (f)


Little Black Bear

[Little Black Bear
                    First Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Little Black Bear).

Chiefs
1874 - af.1888             Keeskee-hew-mus-coo-musqua
                             "Little Black Bear"
bf.1897 - af.1914          Band council [2 - 3 headmen]
1949 - 1973                Wilfred Bellegarde              (b. 1921 – d. 1986)
c.1978                     Alex Bellegarde
c.1982                     Allan W. Bellegarde
bf.1987 - 2010             Clarence A. Bellegarde (1st time)
2010 - 2013                Perry Bellegarde                (b. 1962)
2013 -                     Clarence A. Bellegarde (2nd time)


Little Pine

[Little Pine First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1879                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Little Pine).
2018                       Casino opened.

Chiefs
1879 - 1885                Minahikosis "Little Pine"       (b. c.1830 - d. 1885)
1885 - af.1914             Vacant
c.1973                     John Frank
bf.1978 - af.1987          Johnson Kakum (1st time)
bf.1988 - 1990             John V. "Jonas" Semaganis
1990 - 1993                Johnson Kakum (2nd time)
1993 - 1996                Ronald Thunder
1996 - 2002                Mary A. Stoney (f)
2002 - 2005                Victor Checkosis
2005 - 2009                Patrick Bonaise
2009 - 2021                Wayne M. Semaganis

2021 -                     Donald Ironchild


Lucky Man

[Lucky Man First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1879                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Lucky Man).

Chiefs
1879 - 1885                Papewe "Lucky Man"              (b. 183. - d. 1901)
1885 - 1974                Vacant
1974 - 1983                Roderick Okemow (King) (1st time)
1983 - 1996                Andrew Okemow (King)
1996 - 2004                Roderick Okemow (2nd time)
2004 - 2012                Pauline R. Okemow (f)
2012 - 2016                Richard J. Okemow
2016 -                     Crystal Okemow (f)


Makwa Sahgaiehcan

[Makwa Sahgaiehcan First
                  Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1914                       Separated from Ministikwan Lake, under the Treaty No. 6
                             (Loon Lake).
1982                       Renamed Makwa Sahgaiehcan.

Chiefs
1914 - 19..                ....
c.1973                     Jules Okemow
c.1982                     Ray B. Mitsuing (1st time)
c.1987                     David P. Ben
c.1989                     Ray B. Mitsuing (2nd time)
c.1991                     Gerald Kiseyinewakup
bf.1995 - 1997             Ray B. Mitsuing (3rd time)
1997 - af.2001             Tom Littlespruce
bf.2003 - 2005             Robert Mitsuing
2005 - 2007                Helen Ben (f)
2007 - 2009                Frank Kytwayhat
2009 - 2019                Richard J. Ben
2019 - 2023                Ronald Mitsuing

2023 -                     Melvin Mooswa


Ministikwan Lake Cree

[Ministikwan Lake Cree Nation
                          (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1909                       Separated from Onion Lake, under the Treaty No. 6 (Island Lake).
2012                       Renamed Ministikwan Lake Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1909 - af.1914             Vacant
c.1973                     Philip Crookedneck
c.1978                     Peter Crookedneck (1st time)
c.1980                     Ernest Crookedneck (1st time)
c.1982                     Peter Crookedneck (2nd time)
bf.1987 - af.1991          Ernest Crookedneck (2nd time) 
bf.1992 - 1996             Harvey Pahtaykan
1996 - 1999                Bryan R. Crookedneck
1999 - af.2001             Lawrence Crookedneck
c.2003                     Harvey Chief
2005 - 2021                Leslie N. Crookedneck
2021 - 2023                Leon Crookedneck 
2023 -                     Amanda Ernest (f)


Mistawasis Nêhiyawak

[Mistawasis Nêhiyawak First Nation
                          (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Mistawasis).
1876 - 1969                Carlton (from 1959, Shellbrook) Indian agency.
2017                       Renamed Mistawasis Nêhiyawak.

Co-Head chief of the House People
(Plains Cree in the north-western part of Saskatchewan)
bf.1870 - 1876             Pierre Belanger (Mistawasis
                             "Big Child")                  (b. c.1813 - d. 1895)
Chiefs
1876 - 1895                Pierre Belanger                 (s.a.)
1896 - 1901                William Badger
1901 - 1906                George Dreaver (1st time)       (b. c.1856 - d. 1938)
1906 - 1915                Jacob Johnstone
1915 - 1938                George Dreaver (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1938 - 1963                Joseph Dreaver                  (b. 1891 - d. 1978)
1963 - 1969                ....
1969 - 1977                Arthur Ledoux
1977                       Gladys Johnston (f)
1977 - 1979                Norman C. Johnstone (1st time)
1979                       Frank Dreaver
1979 - 1983                Norman C. Johnstone (2nd time)
1983 - 1985                Philip N. Ledoux (1st time)
1985 - 1987                Norman C. Johnstone (3rd time)
1987 - 1989                Philip N. Ledoux (2nd time)
1989 - 1992                Noel Daniels
1992 - 1996                Leona Daniels (f)
1996 - 1998                Melvin J. Watson
1998 - 2007                Daryl M. Watson (1st time)
2007 - 2011                Cecil Head
2011 - 2013                Norma A. Johnstone (f)
2013 -                     Daryl M. Watson (2nd time)


Montreal Lake

[Montreal Lake Cree Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1889                       Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (William Charles).
1920                       Renamed Montreal Lake.

Chiefs
1889 - 1920                William Charles                 (b. 1839 - d. 1920)
1921 - 1925                Isaiah Charles
1926 - 1929                Duncan Bird
1930 - 1945                Zaceharis Bird
1945 - 1946                Simon Bird
1947 - 1950                Edward Ross
1950 - 1957                Gideon Henderson
1957 - 1963                Gilbert Bird (1st time)
1963 - 1965                Allan J. Bird (1st time)
1965 - 1976                Gilbert Bird (2nd time)
1976 - 1978                Allan J. Bird (2nd time)
1978 - 1980                Gilbert Bird (3rd time)
1980 - 1986                Roy H. Bird (1st time)
1986 - 1991                Henry Naytowhow (1st time)
1991 - 1993                Edward N. Henderson
1993 - 1996                Roy H. Bird (2nd time)
1996 - 1999                Henry Naytowhow (2nd time)
1999 - 2005                Richard Bird
2005 - 2008                Lionel Bird
2008 - 2011                Roger I. Bird
2011 - 2017                Edward C. Henderson
2017 - 2020                Frank Roberts
2020 -                     Joyce McLeod (f)


Moosomin

[Moosomin First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1881                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Yellow Sky).
1884                       Renamed Moosomin.

Chiefs
1881 - 1884                "Yellow Sky"                    (d. af.1891)
1884 - 1902                Mosomin                         (d. 1902)
1902 - 1909                Vacant
1909 - 19..                Josie Moosomin
c.1973                     Johnny Gladeau
c.1978                     James Myo
bf.1982 - af.1988          Ernest Kahpeaysewat (1st time)
bf.1989 - af.1992          Gerald Swiftwolfe
c.1995                     Ernest Kahpeaysewat (2nd time)
c.1997                     Jimmy T. Mooswa
bf.2000 - af.2003          Mike Kahpeaysewat
bf.2007 - 2009             Darlene Swiftwolfe (f)
2009 - 2011                Daniel Blackstar
2011 - 2013                Elliot Kahpeaysewat
2013 - 2021                Bradley S. Swiftwolfe
s
2021 - 2024                Cheryl Kahpeaysewat (f)
2024 -                     Quenton Swiftwolfe



Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man


[Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's
                Head, Lean Man Assiniboine Nation (Saskatchewan,
                Canada)]

1878                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Mosquito).
1951                       Renamed Mosquito-Grizzly Bear’s Head.
1996                       Casino opened.
2007                       Renamed Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man.

Chiefs
1878 - 1885                Sukemaw "Mosquito"              (d. 1890)
1885 - af.1914             Vacant
c.1948                     Jim Spyglass
c.1973                     Arthur Beaudry (1st time)
c.1978                     Martin Spyglass
c.1982                     Douglas Moosomin
c.1987                     Arthur Beaudry (2nd time)
bf.1989 - 1992             Jenny Spyglass (f)
1992 - 2011                Clarence Stone
2011 - 2013                Noel Stone
2013 - 2019                Daniel Starchief
2019 -                     Tanya Aguilar (f)


Muscowpetung

[Muscowpetung First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Muscowpetung).
1875 - 1948                Qu'Apelle (1886-1903 Muscowpetung) Indian agency.

Chiefs    
1875 - af.1909             Maskawapitank "Sits Steadfastly"
bf.1972 - af.1973          David Benjoe
197. - 1976                John Gambler
1976 - af.1979             Ronald Rosebluff
c.1982                     Eugene Anaquod (1st time)
bf.1987 - af.1992          Paul Poitras
bf.1994 - 2000             Eugene Anaquod (2nd time)
2000 - af.2004             W. Todd Cappo (1st time)
bf.2008 - 2010             Liz Pratt-Cappo (f)
2010 - 2014                W. Todd Cappo (2nd time)
2014 - 2016                Anthony S. Cappo (1st time)
2016 - 2018                Myke C. Agecoutay
2018 - 2020                Anthony S. Cappo (2nd time)
2020 -                     Melissa Tavita (f)



Muskeg Lake Cree 

[Muskeg Lake Cree
                Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Kitowehow).
1880                       Renamed Petequakey.
1920                       Renamed Muskeg Lake.
2016                       Renamed Muskeg Lake Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1876 - 1880                Alexandre Cayen (Kitowehow)     (b. 1834 - d. 1886)
1880 - 1889                Isidore Cayen (Petequakey)      (b. 1845 - d. 1889)
1889 - 1900                Vacant  
1900 - 1914                Jean Baptiste Lafond (headman)  (b. 1853 - d. 1917) 
1915 - 1917                George H. Greyeyes              (b. 1875 - d. 1917)
1917 - 1920                Vacant
1920 - 1932                Andrew Lafond                   (b. 1880 - d. 1952)
1933 - 1956                Joseph Ledoux                   (b. 1877 - d. 1956)
1956 - 1958                Emile Venne                     (b. 1918 - d. 1999)
1958 - 1959                David Georges Greyeyes          (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
1959 - 1960                Louis O. "Meskanas" Arcand      (b. 1898 - d. 1992)
                             (acting)  
1960 - 1962                Alphonsine "Alpha" Lafond (f)   (b. 1926 – d. 2000) 
1962 - 1964                Joseph Greyeyes                 (b. 1905 - d. 1990)
1964 - 1972                Frederick "Sonny" Lafond        (b. 1931 - d. 1989)
                             (1st time) 
1972 - 1974                Richard "Dickie" Greyeyes       (b. 1930)
1974 - 1978                Frederick "Sonny" Lafond        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1978 - 1982                Leonard Ledoux                  (b. 1943)
1982 - 1989                Wallace J. Tawpisin             (b. 1951)
1989 - 1990                David Lafond (acting)
1990 - 2000                Harry James Lafond              (b. 1949)

2000 - 2009                Gilbert C. Ledoux (1st time)
2009 - 2015                Clifford W. Tawpisin, Jr.
2015 - 2018                Gilbert C. Ledoux (2nd time)
2018 -                     Kelly Wolfe



Muskoday

[Muskoday
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (John Smith).
1992/96                    Renamed Muskoday.

Chiefs
1876 - 1924                John Smith (Mistikoonapac)      (b. 1825 – d. 1924)
1924 - 1947                Robert Bear
1947 - 1953                Andrew Bear (1st time)
1953 - 1955                David Knight (1st time)         (b. 1915 – d. 1985)
1955 - 1959                ....
1959 - 1963                David Knight (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1959 - 1961                Gilbert H. Bear
1961 - 1975                Andrew Bear (2nd time)
1975 - 1977                Joseph Bear
1977 – 1981                Andrew Bear (3rd time)
1981 - 1983                David Knight (3rd time)         (s.a.)
1983 - 1985                Mervin Bear
1985 - 1991                Everett Bear
1991 - 2019                C. Austin Bear
2019 - 2021                Herman Crain

2021 - 2023                Ava Bear (f) 
2023 -                     Ronald Bear


Muskowekwan

[Muskowekwan































































                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Muskowekwan).

Chiefs
1874                       Kakenawup "Sits Like an Eagle"  (d. 1874)
1874 - af.1899             Maskawikwan "Hard Quill"
1918 - 1933                Thomas Desjarlais
c.1973                     Walter Wolf
bf.1978 - af.1982          Harvey Desjarlais
bf.1987 - 1997             Albert Pinacie
1997 - 1999                Phillip Wolfe
1999 - 2001                Ernest Moise
2001 - af.2003             Shirley Wolfe-Keller (f)
bf.2007 - 2021             Reginald F. Bellerose

2021 -                     Jamie Wolfe


Nekaneet

1913                       Reserve set aside (Maple Creek).
1975                       Renamed Nekaneet, added to the Treaty No.4 of 1874.
2008                       Casino opened.

Chiefs
1882 - 1897                Nekaneet "Foremost Man"         (d. 1897)
c.1913                     "Crooked Legs"
1958 - 1962                Gordon Oakes (1st time)         (b. 1932 - d. 2002)
1962 - 1970                ....
1970 - 197.                Gordon Oakes (2nd time)        (s.a.)
c.1973                     Lawrence Mosquito
bf.1978 - 1992             Gordon Oakes (3rd time)        (s.a.)
1992 - 1996                Glen Oakes
1996 - 2005                Larry Oakes
2005 - 2011                Alice Pahtaykan (f)
2011 - 2017                Jordi J. Fourhorns
2017 - 2023                Alvin Francis
2023 -                     Carolyn Wahobin (f)



Ocean Man

[Ocean Man First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Ocean Man).
1901 – 1990                Amalgamated into White Bear.

Chiefs
1875 - 18..                Mniwaja Tangawica "Great Seaman"
c.1884                     Nunge Sha "Red Ears"
bf.1887 - 1889             "Striped Blanket"               (d. 1889)
bf.1897 - af.1899          "Waving in the Wind" (headman)
1901 - 1990                None
1990 - 2001                Laura Big Eagle (f)             (b. 1927 - d. 2001)
2001 - 2009                Connie Big Eagle (f) (1st time)
2009 - 2015                Gloria N. Shepherd (f)
2015 -                     Connie Big Eagle (f) (2nd time)



Ochapowace

[Ochapowace






























































































                                                          Cree Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Kakisheway).
1884                       Renamed Ochapowace.

Head chief of the Calling River People
(Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] and Assiniboine allies
in the southern part of Saskatchewan)
bf.1870 - 1874             Kakisiwew "Loud Voice"          (b. c.1796 - d. 1884)
Chiefs
1874 - 1884                Kakisiwew "Loud Voice"          (s.a.)
1884 - 1891                Ochapowace
bf.1897 - af.1899          Band council [3 headmen]
bf.1908 - 1917             Walter Ochapowace
1917 - 1933                Vacant
1933 - 1949                Jack Ochapowace
c.19..                     Sam Watson
1953 - 1955                Peter Watson
1955 - 1959                ....
1959 - 1961                Ivan Watson
bf.1973 - af.1982          Cameron W. Watson
c.1987                     Morley A. Watson
c.198.                     Louis Kenny
1989 - 2009                Denton F. George                (b. 1950 – d. 2009)
2009 - 2014                Ross F. Allary                  (b. 1944)
2014 - 2023                Margaret Bear (f)
2023 -                     Shelley A. Bear (f)



Okanese

[Okanese
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Okanese).

Chiefs
1875 - 1885                Okanis "Rose Berry"
1885 - 1895                Moostooacoop (headman)         (d. 1895)
1895 - 1935                Vacant
1935                       "Day Walker"
1935 - 1941                Willie Yuzicappi
1941 - 1953                Vacant
1953 - 19..                James Tuckanow
c.1973                     Michael Yuzicappi
1975 - 1980                Arthur Walker
1981 - 2020                Marie A. Day Walker-Pelletier (f)
2020 -                     Richard Stonechild



One Arrow

[One
                                                          Arrow First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (One Arrow).

Chiefs
1876 - 1885                Kapeyakwaskonam "One Arrow"    (b. 1815 - d. 1886)
1885 - af.1914             Vacant
c.1973                     Marcel Paul
c.1978                     Francis H. Baldhead
bf.1982 - af.1996          Richard J. John
c.1997                     Mary C. Sutherland (f)
bf.1999 - 2012             Dwayne Paul
2012 - 2017                Kirk P. Matchap
2017 - 2023                Tricia Sutherland (f)
2023 -                     Janine Baldhead (f)



Onion Lake Cree

[Onion Lake Cree First Nation former flag
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]
Former Flag
[Onion
                          Lake Cree First Nation flag (Saskatchewan,
                          Canada)]
Current Flag
1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Seekaskootch).
1879 - 1948                Onion Lake (to 1887, Fort Pitt) Indian Agency established.
1914                       Renamed Onion Lake.
2006                       Renamed Onion Lake Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1876 - 1885                Sakaskoc "Cut Arm"              (d. 1885)
1885 - 1914                Vacant
c.1929                     Joe Taylor
c.1933                     Pierre Harper
1964 - 1966                Lloyd Chief
c.1973                     Robert Chief
bf.1978 - af.1979          Alex Harper
1981 - 1983                Norman P. Dillon
1983 - 1986                Leo Paul
1986 - 1990                Wallace G. Fox (1st time)
1990 - 1992                Donald Cardinal
1992 - 1994                Joseph P. Waskewitch
1994 - 2000                Wallace G. Fox (2nd time)
2000 - 2002                Henry Lewis (1st time)
2002 - 2004                Wallace G. Fox (3rd time)
2004 - 2008                Henry Lewis (2nd time)
2008 - 2018                Wallace G. Fox (4th time)
2018 -                     Henry Lewis (3rd time
)


Pasqua

[Pasqua
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Pasqua).

Chiefs
1874 - 1889                Joseph Pasqua (Paskwaw          (b. 1828 – d. 1889)
                             "The Plain")
bf.1897 - af.1899          Band council [4 headmen]
1911 - af.1931             Ben Pasqua
c.1948                     John Gambler
c.1973                     Stanley Pasqua
c.1978                     Alvin Strongeagle
bf.1982 - 1993             Lindsay T. Cyr
1993 - 2001                M. Todd Peigan (1st time)       (b. 1967)
2001 - 2011                Elaine Chicoose (f)
2011 -                     M. Todd Peigan (2nd time)       (s.a.)



Peepeekisis Cree
 
[Peepeekisis




















































































































































                                                          Cree Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (from 1880, named Peepeekisis).
1885 - 1970                File Hills Indian agency (1901-14 closed).
1997/2002                  Renamed Peepeekisis Cree Nation

Chiefs
1874 - 187.                Can-ah-ha-cha-pew "Ready Bow"   (d. 187.)
1880 - 1889                Peepeekisis "Little Hawk"       (d. 1889)
1889 - 1894                Band council [1 - 3 headmen]
1894 - 1935                Vacant
1935 - 19..                Joseph Desnomie
bf.1973 - af.1978          Edward Pinay
c.1982                     George Poitras
bf.1986 - 1996             Enoch J. Poitras
1996 - 1998                Eugene D. Poitras
1998 - 2002                Walter McNabb
2002 - af.2004             Lyle Desnomie
bf.2006 - 2010             Beverly Bellegarde (f)
2010 - 2018                Michael J. Koochikum
2018 -                     Francis Dieter



Pelican Lake

[Pelican
                                                          Lake First
                                                          Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1929                       Separated from Big River, under the Treaty No. 6 (Pelican Lake).

Chiefs
1929 - 1937                Louis Chamakese
c.19..                     James Whitehead
c.19..                     Tom Thomas
c.1973                     Jacob Bill (1st time)
bf.1978 - af.1982          Leo A. Thomas (1st time)
bf.1987 - af.1989          Jacob Bill (2nd time)
bf.1990 - 1992             Leo A. Thomas (2nd time)
1992 - af.1997             Edward Bill
c.2000                     William Thomas (acting)
bf.2001 - 2010             Peter Bill (1st time)
2010 - 2019                Dennis Lewis
2019 -                     Peter Bill (2nd time)



Peter Ballantyne Cree

[Peter Ballantyne Cree
                Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1895                       Paid annuities under James Roberts Band (modern Lac La Ronge).
1900                       Split from Lac La Ronge Band (Peter Ballantyne).
1996                       Renamed Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation.
1996                       Casino opened.

Chiefs
1900 - 1922                Peter Ballantyne
1922 - 1930                Cornelius Ballantyne (Bear)
1930 - 1939                Joe Highway
1939 - 1948                Solomon Merasty
1948 - 1954                Simon Linklater (1st time)
1954 - 1956                Vacant
1956 - 1957                Simon Linklater (2nd time)
1958 - 1969                Peter Linklater
1969 - 1971                Simon Linklater (3rd time)
1971 - 1973                Arthur Morin
1973 - 1975                Albert Ratt
1975 - 1979                Phillip Morin
1979 - 1985                Joseph Custer
1985 - 1999                Ronald Michel (1st time)
1999 - 2001                Susan (Linklater) Custer (f)
2001 - 2005                Ronald Michel (2nd time)
2005 - 2007                Harold Linklater
2007 - 2013                Darrell McCallum
2013 – 2021                Peter A. Beatty
(1st time)
2021 - 2024                Karen Bird (f)
2024 -                     Peter A. Beatty (2nd time)



Pheasant Rump Nakota

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Pheasant Rump).
1901 - 1990                Amalgamated into White Bear.
1990                       Renamed Pheasant Rump Nakota.

Chiefs
1876 - af.1888             Sheonitay "Pheasant Rump"
bf.1897 - af.1899          Band council [3 headmen]
1901 - 1990                None
1990 - af.1992             Calvin J. McArthur
bf.1996 - 1999             James A. McArthur
1999 - 2002                Richard McArthur
2002 - 2005                Patrick McArthur
2005 – 2011                Olive McArthur (f)
2011 - 2014                Terrance R. McArthur
2014 -                     Ira D. McArthur



Piapot

[Piapot First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Piapot).

Head chief of the Prairie People
(Plains Cree and their Assiniboine allies in south-western part of Saskatchewan)
bf.1860 - 1875             Piyapwat                        (b. c.1816 - d. 1908)
Chiefs
1875 - 1902                Piyapwat                        (s.a.)
c.1969                     Rose Desjarlais (f)
bf.1973 - af.1974          Patrick Fourhorns
c.1978                     Alfred LaVallee
bf.1979 - af.1982          Roland Crowe
bf.1987 - af.1992          Clayton A. Kaiswatum
c.1994                     Joe Fourhorns
1997 - 1999                Ronald Crowe                    (b. 1943)
1999 - af.2001             Murray Ironchild
c.2003                     Claude Friday
bf.2006 - af.2008          John Rockthunder
2010 - 2014                Jeremy G. Fourhorns (1st time)
2014 - 2016                Ira Lavallee
2016 - 2020                Jeremy G. Fourhorns (2nd time)

2020 -                     Mark Fox


Poundmaker

[Poundmaker First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Poundmaker).

Chiefs
1876 - 1885                Pihtokahanapiwiyin "Poundmaker" (b. 1842 - d. 1886)
1885 - 1923                Vacant
1923 - 1932                ....
1932 - 1959                Thomas Favel
bf.1973 - af.1978          David Tootoosis
c.1982                     Henry Favel
bf.1987 - 1988             Lawrence Weenie
1988 - 1992                Ted L. Antoine (1st time)
1992 - 1994                Blaine C. Favel
1994 - 2008                Ted L. Antoine (2nd time)
2008 -                     Dwayne Antoine


Red Earth

[Red Earth Cree Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1910                       Separated from Opaskwayak, under the Treaty No. 5 (Red Earth).

Chiefs
1910 - 1940                Jeremiah Nawakayas              (b. 1862 - d. 1940)
                             (to 1913, headman)
1940                       Isaiah Badger
1940 - 1969                Robert McKay                    (b. 1887 – d. 1969)
1969 - 1978                John W. Head                    (d. 1978)
1978 - 1986                Alvin W. Head
1986 - 1993                Philip Head
1993 - 1996                Cyril Head
1996 - 1999                Roy C. Head
1999 - 2011                Miller Nawakayas
2011 - 2018                Ian P. McKay
2018 - 2020                Ina Whitehead (f)
2020 - 2023                Fabian Head 
2023 -                     Zachary Whitecap


Red Pheasant


[Red Pheasant First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Red Pheasant).

Chiefs
1876 - 1885                Pihew-kamihkosit "Red Pheasant" (d. 1885)
1885 - af.1914             Vacant
c.1948                     George Nicotine
c.1973                     Gavin Wuttunee
bf.1978 - af.1982          Harry Nicotine
bf.1987 - 1997             Michael Baptiste
1997 - 2001                Leonard "Larry" Wuttunee
2001 - 2003                Glen Kestatagon
2003 - 2005                Craig Wuttunee
2005 - 2006                Charles Meechance
2006 - 2010                Sheldon Wuttunee
2010 - 2016                Stewart C. Baptiste
2016 - 2024                Clint Wuttunee
 
2024 -                     Cody Benson


Saulteaux

[Saulteaux First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1910                       Reserve set aside (Saulteaux).
1954                       Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876.

Chiefs
1910 - 19..                ....
c.1973                     Francis Katcheech
c.1978                     Alex Gopher
bf.1982 - 1999             Gabriel Gopher
1999 - 2001                Fred Gopher
2001 - 2003                Garry Gopher
2003 - 2007                Brian Moccasin
2007 - 2009                Sarah Gopher (f)
2009 - 2011                Kenneth Moccasin (1st time)
2011 - 2013                Velma Night (f)
2013 - 2015                Leo Moccasin
2015 -                     Kenneth Moccasin (2nd time)


 
Shoal Lake Cree

[Shoal Lake Cree Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1910                       Separated from Opaskwayak, under the Treaty No. 5
                             (Shoal Lake).
1989                       Renamed Shoal Lake Band of the Cree Nation.
2006                       Renamed Shoal Lake Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1910 - 1948                Albert Moore (to 1913, headman)
1949 - 1966                Gilbert Moore
1966 - 1978                Thomas Young
1978 - 1981                Norman D. Head
1981 - 1982                Walter Lathlin                   (d. 1982)
1982 - 1984                Gerald D. Bear
1984 - 1990                Charles Whitecap
1990 - 1999                Dennis Whitecap
1999 - 2008                Marcel V. Head (1st time)
2008 - 2011                Kevin Bear
2011 - 2014                Marcel V. Head (2nd time)
2014 - 2018                Lionel A. Bear
2018 - 2020                Norma Bear (f)

2020 -                     Marcel V. Head (3rd time)


Standing Buffalo


[Standing Buffalo first
                  nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1864                       Arrived from the U.S. (Standing Buffalo).
1878                       Reserve set aside, no treaty.

Chiefs
1864 – 1870                Tatanka Najin "Standing Buffalo I" (b. c.1820 - d. 1870)
1871 – 1921                Tatanka Najin "Standing Buffalo II"(b. 1846 - d. 1921)
                             (personal name Matoki Najin "Standing Bear")
c.1926                     Julius Standing Buffalo            (b. 1869 – d. 1938)
bf.1973 - af.1978          Alex Buffalo
bf.1982 - af.1991          Melvin Isnana (1st time)
c.1992                     Wayne Goodwill
bf.1994 - af.2001          Melvin Isnana (2nd time)
bf.2007 - 2019             Rodger G. Redman (1st time)
2019 - 2022                Roberta Soo-Oyewaste (f)
  
2022 -                     Rodger G. Redman (2nd time)


Star Blanket Cree

[Star
                  Blanket Cree Nation flag (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1874                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 (from 1875, named Star Blanket).
1997/2002                  Renamed Star Blanket Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1874 - 1875                Wapiy-mosetosis "White Calf"     (d. 1875)
1875 - 1917                Acahkosak-ohtakohpit             (b. c.1845 – d. 1917)
                             "Star Blanket"
c.1934                     Atim-wakawasit "Red Dog"
c.19..                     Victor Starblanket
1971 - af.1973             Noel Starblanket                 (b. 1946 – d. 2019)
bf.1978 - 2003             Irvin G. Starr (1st time)        (b. 1939 – d. 2009)
                             (from 1991, Irvin G. Starblanket)
2003 - 2006                Clifford Starr
2006 - 2009                Irvin G. Starblanket (2nd time)  (s.a.)
2009 -                     Michael G. Starr



Sturgeon Lake

[Sturgeon Lake First Nation
                            (Saskatchewan, Canada)]
Current Flag
1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (William Twatt).
1915                       Renamed Sturgeon Lake.
1959 - 1969                Carlton Indian agency.

Chiefs
1876 - 1882                William Twatt (Osawaskonikik)    (d. af.1890)
bf.1897 - 1915             Band council [3-4 headmen]
1915 - 1921                Thomas Charles (1st time)
1921 - 1923                ....
1923 - 1926                John Moosehunter
1926 - 1929                Thomas Charles (2nd time)
1930 - 1933                William Charles
1933 - 1962                David Anderson
1962 - 1967                ....
1967 - 1969                John Charles (1st time)
1969 - 1972                ....
1972 - 1979                Harold Kingfisher
1979                       Andrew Naytowhow
1979 - 1981                John Charles (2nd time)
1981 - 1984                Henry W. Daniels (1st time)
1984 - 1988                Wesley R. Daniels (1st time)
1988 - 1990                Henry W. Daniels (2nd time)
1990 - 1992                Wesley R. Daniels (2nd time)
1992 - 1998                Earl Ermine (1st time)
1998 - 2001                Wesley R. Daniels (3rd time)
2001 - 2004                Earl Ermine (2nd time)
2004 - 2007                Willard H. Daniels
2007 - 2013                Wesley R. Daniels (4th time)
2013 - 2015                Craig Bighead
2015 - 2016                Henry Felix
2016 - 2022                Gregory Ermine

2022 -                     Christine Longjohn (f)


Sweetgrass

[Sweetgrass First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1876                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Sweetgrass).
1877 - 1970                Battleford Indian agency.

Head chiefs of the Prairie River People
(Plains Cree in the western part of Saskatchewan)
bf.1866 - 1876             Abraham Sweet Grass               (d. 1877)
                             (Wikusko-kisayin) 
c.1872 - 1876              Mistahi-maskwa "Big Bear"         (b. c.1825 - d. 1888)
                             (in opposition, not recognized by Canada)
Chiefs
1876 - 1877                Abraham Sweet Grass               (s.a.)
                             (Wikusko-kisayin) 
1877 - 1884                "Strike Him on the Back"
1884 - 1885                Apseenes "Young Sweetgrass"
1885 - 1918                Vacant
1918 - 1924                Harry Atcheynum
1925 - 1954                Sam Swimmer
1954 - 1956                Vacant
1956 - 1957                Andrew Swimmer
1957 - 1958                Ben Atcheynum (1st time)
1958 - 1959                James Favel
1959 - 1961                Solomon Albert
1961 - 1963                John Weenie
1963 - 1965                Adam Paskemin
1965 - 1967                Ben Atcheynum (2nd time)
1967 - 1971                Joseph Weenie
1971 - 1972                Ben Atcheynum (3rd time)
1972 - 1973                Stephen Pooyak (1st time)
1973 - 1974                Ben Weenie
1974 - 1979                Stephen Pooyak (2nd time)
1979 - 1983                Gordon Albert
1983 - 1985                Roderick Atcheynum (1st time)
1985 - 1989                Don Pooyak
1989 - 1999                E. Wayne Standinghorn (1st time)
1999 - 2003                Tom Whitecalf
2003 - 2005                Roderick Atcheynum (2nd time)
2005 - 2011                E. Wayne Standinghorn (2nd time)
2011 - 2017                Laurie A. Whitecalf (f) (1st time)
2017 - 2019                Laurence Paskemin
2019 -                     Laurie A. Whitecalf (f) (2nd time)



The Key

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (The Key).

Chiefs
1875 - af.1899             Owtahpeekakaw "The Key"
1954 - 1956                Gwen O'Soup (f)                  (b. 1930 – d. 2005)
bf.1973 - af.1978          Sterling Brass
c.1982                     Dennis O'Soup (1st time)
c.1988                     Percy O'Soup
bf.1990 - 1996             Dennis O'Soup (2nd time)
1996 - 2000                Campbell Papequash
2000 - 2002                Carey O'Soup
2002 - 2008                Isabel O'Soup (f)
2008 - 2014                R. Clarence Papequash (1st time)
2014 - 2016                David D. Cote
2016 - 2018                Rodney J. Brass
2018 - 2022                R. Clarence Papequash (2nd time
)
2022 -                     Clinton Key


Thunderchild

[Thunderchild First Nation
                  (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1879                       Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Thunderchild).

Chiefs
1879 - 1929                Peyasiw-awasis "Thunderchild"    (b. 1849 - d. 1929)
1929 - 1951                James Okanee
1951 - 1953                Antoine Weekusk
1953 - 1955                David Jimmy
1955 - 1957                Egerton Thunderchild (1st time)
1957 - 1959                John Jimmy
1959 - 1961                Alex Takakenew
1961 - 1962                Andrew Paddy (1st time)
1962 - 1963                George Horse
1963 - 1965                George Alexander
1965 - 1967                Norman Sunchild (1st time)
1967 - 1969                Joseph Jimmy
1969                       Egerton Thunderchild (2nd time)
1969 - 1970                Norman Sunchild (2nd time)
1970 - 1971                Winston Weekusk (1st time)
1971 - 1972                Andrew Paddy (2nd time)
1972 - 1973                Alfred Peachow
1973                       Andrew Paddy (3rd time)
1973 - 1976                Charles Paddy (1st time)
1976 - 1978                Winston Weekusk (2nd time)
1978 - 1983                Andrew Paddy (4th time)
1983 - 1984                Gordon Thunderchild (1st time)
1984 - 1985                Winston Weekusk (3rd time)
1985 - 1986                Antoine Weekusk
1986 - 1990                Gordon Thunderchild (2nd time)
1990 - 1993                Charles Paddy (2nd time)
1993 - 1998                Winston Weekusk (4th time)
1998 - 2002                Delbert P. Wapass (1st time)
2002 - 2005                Winston Weekusk (5th time)
2005 - 2006                Walter N. Jimmy
2007 - 2010                Dale D. Awasis
2010 - 2018                Delbert P. Wapass (2nd time)
2018 - 2022                James Snakeskin

2022 -                     Delbert P. Wapass (3rd time)


Wahpeton Dakota

[Wahpeton Dakota
                Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1894                       Separated from Whitecap (Wahpeton), reserve set aside,
                             no treaty.

1996                       Renamed Wahpeton Dakota Nation.

Chiefs
1894 - af.1899             Vacant
1975 - 1980                Cyrus M. Standing (1st time)
1981 - 1984                Leo J. Omani (1st time)          (b. 1955)
1984 - 1987                Cyrus M. Standing (2nd time)
1987 - 1993                Lorne Waditika
1993 - 1996                Cyrus M. Standing (3rd time)
1996 - 1999                Leo J. Omani (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1999 - 2008                Garry Standing
2008 - 2011                Cyrus M. Standing (4th time)
2011 - 2017                Leo J. Omani (3rd time)          (s.a.)
2017 -                     John Waditaka


Waterhen Lake

[Waterhen Lake First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1916                       Reserve set aside (Waterhen Lake).
1921                       Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876.

Chiefs
c.1921                     "Running Around"
c.1973                     Frederick Martel (1st time)
bf.1978 - af.1982          George Larocque
bf.1987 - af.1990          Frederick Martel (2nd time)
c.1991                     Robert Fiddler
bf.1994 - 1996             Richard Fiddler (1st time)
1996 - af.1998             Michael Ernest
c.2000                     Richard Fiddler (2nd time)
bf.2002 - 2008             Sidney Fiddler
2008 - 2010                Richard Fiddler (3rd time)
2010 - 2020                Carolyn A. Bernard (f)
2020                       Blaine Fiddler


White Bear

[White Bear First Nation
                (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (White Bear).
1886 - 1934                Moose Mountain Indian agency.
1996                       Casino opened.

Chiefs
1875 - 1889                Wapimaskwa "White Bear"(1st time)(b. 1815 - d. 1900)
1889 - 1897                Band council
1897 - 1900                Wapimaskwa "White Bear"(2nd time)(s.a.)
1900 - 1979                ....
c.1973                     Billie Standingready
c.1978                     Norman Shepherd
1979 - 1991                Brian C. Standingready (1st time)
1991 - 1997                Bernard Shepherd
1997 - 1999                Brian C. Standingready (2nd time)
1999 - 2001                Annette Lonechild (f)(1st itme)
2001 - 2017                Brian C. Standingready (3rd time)
2017 - 2021                Nathan Pasap

2021 - 2023                Annette Lonechild (f)(2nd time) 
2023 -                     Jonathan V. Pasap


Whitecap Dakota
 
[Whitecap Dakota First
                  Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1862                       Arrived from the U.S. (Whitecap), no treaty.
1881                       Renamed Moose Woods, reserve set aside.
1992/94                    Renamed Whitecap Dakota.
2007                       Casino opened.

Chiefs        
1862 - 1885                Wapaha Ska "White Cap"           (d. 1889)
1885 - 19..                Vacant
1933 - 1961                Harry Littlecrow                 (b. 1889 – d. 1961)   
c.1962                     William Eagle
c.196.                     William Littlecrow
bf.1982 - af.1988          Elizabeth Royal (f)
bf.1989 - af.1991          Charles R. Eagle
c.1992                     Donald G. Royal
1994 -                     Darcy M. Bear


Witchekan Lake

1914                       Reserve set aside (Witchekan Lake).
21 Nov 1950                Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876.

Chiefs
1914 - 19..                ....
c.1950                     Louie Thomas
c.1973                     Robert Bush
bf.1978 - af.1982          Edward Fineday
c.1987                     George Jim
bf.1988 - 1996             Mike Fineday
1996 - 2008                Kenneth J. Thomas (1st time)
2008 - 2014                Steven J. Jim
2014 - 2016                Kenneth J. Thomas (2nd time)
2016 - 2023                Annie Thomas (f)
 
2023 -                     Raymon Harris


Wood Mountain

[Wood Mountain First
                      Nation possible flag (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1877                       Arrived from the U.S., to 1881 led by Hunkpapa Lakota head
                             chief Tatanka Iyotake "Sitting Bull" (b. 1831 – d. 1890).
1881                       Named Moosejaw, no treaty.
1909                       Renamed Wood Mountain, reserve set aside.
1914 - 1939                Wood Mountain Indian agency.

Chiefs
1881 - af.1911             Wambli Gi "Brown Eagle"
1934 - 1952                Joe Ferguson                     (b. 1868 – d. 1952)
1952 - 1964                John LeCaine                     (b. 1890 – d. 1964)
c.1973                     William Goodtrack (1st time)
bf.1978 - af.1982          Douglas Lethbridge (1st time)
c.1985                     William Goodtrack (2nd time)
c.1987                     Douglas Lethbridge (2nd time)
bf.1989 - 2007             William Goodtrack (3rd time)
2007 - 2010                Ellen B. LeCaine (f) (1st time)
2010 - 2012                David M. Ogle
2012 - 2015                Travis W. Ogle
2015 -                     Ellen B. LeCaine (f) (2nd time)



Yellow Quill
 
[Yellow Quill First
                      Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1875                       Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Yellow Quill).
1907 - 1990                Renamed Nut Lake.

Chiefs
1875 - 1876                Osawaskokwanepi "Yellow Quill"   (d. 1910)
bf.1885 - 1890             Band council [2 headmen]
1891 - 1906                Ne-pin-e-way "Summer Fir" (headman)
1906 - af.1914             Vacant
19.. - 1968                "The Farmer"                     (b. 1887 – d. 1968)
c.1973                     Joe Quewezance (1st time)
c.1978                     Robert A. Kinniewess
c.1982                     Joe Quewezance (2nd time)
c.1987                     George Pee-Ace
c.1989                     Joe Quewezance (3rd time)
bf.1990 - 2002             Henry "Hank" Neapetung
2002 - 2008                Robert Whitehead
2008 - 2014                Larry B. Cachene
2014 -                     John Machiskinic



Zagime Anishinabek

[Zagime
                                                          Anishinabek
                                                          First Nation
                                                          (Saskatchewan,
                                                          Canada)]

1881                       Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4
                             (Sakimay).
Sep 2019                   Renamed Zagime Anishinabek.

Chiefs
1881                       Sakime "Mosquito"                (d. 1881)
1881 - af.1883             "Yellow Calf" (headman)
bf.1897 - af.1899          Vacant
c.1973                     Riel Acoose
bf.1978 - af.1982          Noel Williams
bf.1987 - af.1992          Samuel Bunnie
bf.1994 - af.1997          Lindsay Kaye (f) (1st time)
bf.1999 - af.2003          Gilbert Paniekeesick
bf.2007 - 2009             Lindsay Kaye (f) (2nd time)
2009 -                     B. Lynn Acoose (f)


Yukon



Carcross/Tagish

[Carcross/Tagish first nation (Yukon,
                            Canada)]Carcross Flag
[Carcross/Tagish first nation flag
                          Variant (Yukon, Canada)]
Variant Flag
1905                       Reserve set aside (Carcross), no treaty.
1982                       Renamed Carcross/Tagish.
2005                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs
c.1905                     Charlie Tagish (Yeildoogu)
                           + Jim Tagish (Kaxootsk’)

bf.1937 - af.1956          Patsy Henderson (Koolseen)     (b. c.1879 – d. 1966)
c.1964                     George Sidney                  (b. c.1888 – d. 1971)
c.1966                     William Atlin
c.1972                     Dan Johnson
c.1979                     Stanley James (1st time)
bf.1982 - 1984             Ann Wally (f)
1984 - 1988                Stanley James (2nd time)
1988 - 1992                Doris McLean (f)
1992 - 1996                Patrick James
1996 - 2004                Andy W. Carvill (1st time)
2004 - 2012                Mark Wedge
2012 - 2016                Danny Cresswell
2016 - 2020                Andy W. Carvill (2nd time)

2020 - 2022                Lynda Dickson (f)
2022 -                     Maria Benoit (f)


Champagne and Aishihik

[Champagne and Aishihik first
                nation (Yukon, Canada)]

c.1908                     Known as Champagne, no reserve or treaty.
1971                       Renamed Champagne and Aishihik
1993                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs
c.1948                     John Fraser
c.196.                     Moose Jackson (1st time)
c.196.                     Harry Joe (1st time)           (b. 1909 – d. 1986)

1971 - 1972                Harry Allen
1972 - 1975                Raymond Jackson (1st time)
1975 - 1977                Moose Jackson (2nd time)
1977 - 1979                Harry Joe (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1979 - 1981                Raymond Jackson (2nd time)
1981 - 1998                Paul Birckel
1998 - 2003                Bob Charlie
2003 - 2005                James Allen (1st time)
2005 - 2010                Diane Strand (f)
2010 - 2014                James Allen (2nd time)
2014 - 2022                Steve Smith

2022 -                     Barbara Joe (f)


Kluane

[Kluane first nation (Yukon,
                Canada)]

c.1908                     Known as Kluane, no reserve or treaty.
c.1937 - 1961              Renamed Burwash.
2003                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs
c.195.                     Sam Johnson
c.196.                     Moose Johnson
1970 - 1971                Daniel Johnson
1971 - 1974                Jimmy Enoch
1974 - 1976                Billy Blair (1st time)
1976 - 1979                Walter Carlick
1979 - 1980                Joseph Johnson (1st time)
1980 - 1981                George K. Johnson (1st time)
1981 - 1983                Billy Blair (2nd time)
1983 - 1985                Joseph Johnson (2nd time)
1985 - 1989                Charles Eikland
1989 - 1991                Agnes Johnson (f)
1991 - 1993                George K. Johnson (2nd time)
1993 - 1996                Joseph Johnson (3rd time)
1996 - 2000                Robert Johnson
2000 - 2002                Daniel L. Tlen
2002 - 2007                Robert J. Dickson (1st time)
2007 - 2010                Wilfred Sheldon
2010 - 2016                Math’ieya Alatini (f)
2016 -                     Robert J. Dickson (2nd time)



Kwanlin Dun

[Kwanlin Dun first nation
                (Yukon, Canada)]

1900                       First of several reserves set aside (Whitehorse), no treaty.
1953 - 1970                Yukon Indian Agency established.
1980/82                    Renamed Kwanlin Dun.
2005                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs

c.1898 - 1950              Jim Boss (Kashx’oot)           (b. 1871 - d. 1950)
1950 - 1957                George Dawson                  (b. 1902 – d. 1993)
1957 - 1965                Billy Smith
1965 - 1967                Scurvy Shorty
1967 - 1969                Elijah Smith                   (b. 1912 – d. 1991)
1969 - 1973                John E. Smith (1st time)
1973 - 1981                Roy H. Sam
1981 - 1987                John E. Smith (2nd time)
1987 - 1989                Ann Smith (f)
1989 - 1995                Lena R. Johns (f)              (b. 1934 – d. 2000)
1996 - 1999                Joe P. Jack
1999 - 2003                Rick O'Brien (1st time)
2003 - 2011                Mike Smith
2011 - 2014                Rick O'Brien (2nd time)
2014 - 2023                Doris Bill (f)
 
2023 -                     Sean Smith


Liard

[Liard first nation (Yukon,
                Canada)]

1916                       First of several reserves set aside (Liard), no treaty.
1961 - 1994                Renamed Liard River.

Chiefs
19.. - 1950                "Old Chief"
1950 - 1965                ....

1965 - 1992                Dixon Lutz                     (b. 19.. - d. 2012)
1992 - 1998                Ann Bayne (f)
1998 - 2004                Daniel Morris (1st time)
2004 - 2013                Liard McMillan
2013 - 2017                Daniel Morris (2nd time)
2017 - 2020                George Morgan

2020 -                     Stephen Charlie


Little Salmon/Carmacks

[Little Salmon/Carmacks first
                nation (Yukon, Canada)]

c.1914                     Known as Carmacks, no reserve or treaty.
1980/82                    Renamed Little Salmon/Carmacks.
1997                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs

c.1968                     Roddy Blackjack (1st time)     (b. c.1927 – d. 2013)
bf.1972 - 1974             George Billy
1974 - 1977                Howard Charlie
1977 - 1979                Happy Skookum
1979 - 1987/88             Clyde Blackjack
1987/88 - 1990             Roddy Blackjack (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1990 - 1996                Eric Fairclough (1st time)
1996 - 2012                Eddie Skookum
2012 - 2016                Eric Fairclough (2nd time)
2016 - 2020                Russell Blackjack
(1st time)
2020 - 2024                Nicole M. Tom (f)
2024 -                     Russell Blackjack (2nd time)


Nacho Nyak Dun

[Nacho Nyak Dun first nation
                (Yukon, Canada)]

1904                       First of several reserves set aside (Mayo), no treaty.
1989                       Renamed Nacho Nyak Dun.
1993                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs
c.1901                     Johnson
1915 - 1947                Tom Moses
1947 - 1949                Billy Malcolm
1950 - 1969                Albert Moses
19.. - 1973                Peter Lucas
1973 - 1987                Robert Hager (1st time)
1987 - af.1989             Albert Peter
bf.1991 - 2003             Robert Hager (2nd time)
2003 - 2005                Steven Buyck
2005 - 2007                Simon Mervyn (1st time)
2007 - 2011                Beverley Blanchard (f)
2011 - 2013                Simon Mervyn (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                Ed Champion
2015 - 2023                Simon Mervyn (3rd time)
 
2023 -                     Dawna Hope (f)


Ross River

[Ross River First
              Nation (Yukon, Canada)]

c.1914                     Known as Ross River, no reserve or treaty.

Chiefs

c.193.                     Peter Joe
c.194.                     Arthur John                    (b. c.1911 – d. 2014)
c.195.                     Mac Peter (1st time)
c.1967                     Clifford McLeod (1st time)
c.1968                     Mac Peter (2nd time)
196. - 1989                Clifford McLeod (2nd time)
1989 - 1991                Hammond Dick
1991 - af.1992             Clifford McLeod (3rd time)
199. - 1997                Norman Sterriah (1st time)
1997 - 1999                Jim Smith
1999 - 2001                Norman Sterriah (2nd time)
2001 - 2007                Jack Caesar (1st time)
2007 - 2009                Gordon Peter
2009 - 2013                Jack Caesar (2nd time)
2013 - 2015                Brian Ladue
2015 - 2022                Jack Caesar (3rd time)

2022 -                     Dylan Loblaw


Selkirk

[Selkirk first nation (Yukon,
                Canada)]

c.1908                     Known as Selkirk, no reserve or treaty.
1997                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs

18.. - 1915                Jackson                        (d. 1915)
1916 - 1958                "Big" Jonathan Campbell        (b. c.1858 – d. 1958)
1958 - 1969                ....
1969 - af.1984             Danny Joe
bf.1987 - 1989             Franklin Roberts
1989 - 1999                Patrick Van Bibber
1999 - 2005                Lucy McGinty (f)
2005 - 2011                Darin Isaac (1st time)
2011 - 2017                Kevin McGinty
2017 - 2020                Sharon Nelson (f)
(1st time)
2020 - 2023                Darin Isaac (2nd time) 
2023 -                     Sharon Nelson (f) (2nd time)


Ta’an Kwach’an
[Ta'an Kwach'an
                    first nation (Yukon, Canada)]
1998                       Separated from Kwanlin Dun (Ta’an Kwach’an), retained a reserve.
2002                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs

1998 - 2004                Glenn Grady
2004 - 2009                Ruth Massie (f)
2009 - 2012                Brenda L. Sam (f)
2012 - 2021                Kristina Kane (f)

2021 -                     Amanda Leas (f)


Teslin Tlingit

[Teslin Tlingit first nation
                (Yukon, Canada)]

c.1908                     Known as Teslin, no reserve or treaty.
1992                       Renamed Teslin Tlingit.
1993                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs
c.1908                     Jay Squam
c.1932                     Joe Squam
bf.1954 - 1970             Frank Sidney
1970 - 1984                Samuel T. Johnston
1984                       Robert L. Jackson (1st time)
1984 - 1986                Richard Sidney (1st time)
1986 - 1988                Robert L. Jackson (2nd time)
1988 - 1996                David Keenan
1996 - 2000                Richard Sidney (2nd time)
2000 - 2005                Eric Morris (1st time)
2005 - 2006                Peter Johnston (interim) (1st time)
2006 - 2008                Eric Morris (2nd time)
2008 - 2012                Peter Johnston (2nd time)
2012 - 2016                Carl Sidney
2016 - 2020                Richard Sidney (3rd time)

2020 - 2025                Eric Morris (3rd time)
2025 -                     Elisabeth Bosely (f)


Tr’ondek Hwech’in

[Tr'ondek Hwech'in (Yukon,
                Canada)]

1900                       Reserve set aside (Moosehide), no treaty.
1914 - 1953                Yukon Indian Agency established.
1962                       Renamed Dawson.
1995                       Renamed Tr’ondek Hwech’in.
1998                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs

c.1890 - 1932              Isaac                          (b. c.1858 - d. 1932)
1932 - 1936                Charles E. Isaac               (b. 1912 – d. 1975)
1936 - 1940                John Jonas (1st time)
1940 - 1956                James Wood                     (d. 1956)
1956 - 1959                ....
1959 - af.1961             John Jonas (2nd time)
1969 - 198.                Percy Henry (1st time)
c.1982                     Peggy Kormendy (f) (1st time)
198. - 1984                Percy Henry (2nd time)
1984 - 198.                Peggy Kormendy (f) (2nd time)
198. - 1987                Hilda Pohlmann (f)
1987 - 1989                Angie Joseph (f)
1989 - 1999                Steve Taylor
1999 - 2008                Darren Taylor (1st time)
2008 - 2014                Eddie Taylor
2014 - 2023                Roberta Joseph (f)

2023 -                     Darren Taylor (2nd time)


Vuntut Gwitchin

[Vuntut Gwitchin (Yukon,
                Canada)]

c.1914                     Known as Old Crow, no reserve or treaty.
1990                       Renamed Vuntut Gwitchin.
1993                       Self-government agreement.

Chiefs

c.1900 - 1921              Balaam Josie
1921 - 1935                Joe Kyikavichik
1936 - 1954                Peter Moses
1954 - 1958                Charlie P. Charlie (1st time)  (b. 1919 - d. 2008)
1958 - 1962                Charlie Abel-Chitzi (1st time)
1962 - 1964                Charlie P. Charlie (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1964 - 1968                Charlie Abel-Chitzi(2nd time)
1968 - 1972                Alfred Charlie
1972 - 1978                John J. Kyikavichik
1978 - 1984                John W. Abel                   (b. 1947 - d. 1995)
1984 - 1985                Abraham Peter
1985 - 1988                Alice Frost (f)
1988 - 1992                Roger Kyikavichik (1st time)
1992 - 1996                Robert Bruce
1996 - 1997                Randall Tetlichi
1997 - 1998                Marvin Frost (acting)
1998 - 2010                Joe Linklater (1st time)
2010 - 2012                Norma Kassi (f)
2012 - 2015                Joe Linklater (2nd time)
2015 - 2016                Roger Kyikavichik (2nd time)
2016 - 2018                Bruce Charlie
2018 -
11 Jan 2023         Dana Tizya-Tramm
11 Jan 2023 -              Pauline Frost (f)


White River

[White River first nation
                (Yukon, Canada)]

1992                       Separated from Kluane (White River), no reserve or treaty.

Chiefs

1992                       Rosemary Blair-Smith (f)
1992 - 1998                Margaret L. Nieman-Glazier (f) (b. 1950 - d. 1998)
1998 - af.2000             David Johnny (1st time)
bf.2002 - 2006             Angela Dermit (f) (1st time)
2006 - 2012                David Johnny (2nd time)
2012 - 2014                Charles Eikland
2014 - 2021                Angela Dermit (f) (2nd time)
2021 -                     Bessie Chasse (f)







© Ben Cahoon