Note: As of 1 Jan 2021, there were 619 recognized First Nations' (Premières Nations) governments or bands in Canada. The term "First Nations" refers to one of three distinct groups recognized as "Aboriginal" in the Constitution Act of 1982. The other two distinct groups characterized as "Aboriginal" are the Métis and the Inuit. First Nations have a unique and special relationship with the Crown and the people of Canada as set out in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and manifested in the Numbered Treaties, the Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982, Canadian common law, and International law and as outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Even though the term "First Nation" is now generally used, and since 1982 increasingly included in the names of bands, the Indian Act of 1876 still uses the term "Indian Band." Indians were granted federal voting rights in 1885 (interrupted 1898-1960, except in Nova Scotia). First Nations are listed alphabetically under each modern province/territory. Self-government of the Inuit of the Northwest
Territories and Labrador was implemented through
separation of Nunavut and creation of Nunatsiavut, while
negotiations continue for self- government of the Inuit
of Quebec (organized into a regional municipality under
the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975) and
of the north-western part of the Northwest Territories
(organized into a regional municipality under the
Inuvialuit Final Agreement of 1984). Move towards
territorial self-government of the Métis of the Prairies
(from Alberta to the north-western part of Ontario) has
begun in 2019. Assembly of First Nations
1961 -
1967
National Indian Council (NIC) National Chiefs of the National Indian Brotherhood Alberta Alexander ![]() 1879 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Alexander). Chiefs 1879 - af.1905 Alexander (Kipohtakaw) af.1905 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - af.1987 J. Stanley Arcand (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Allan Paul (1st time) bf.1991 - 1999 J. Stanley Arcand (2nd time) 1999 – 2005 Victoria Arcand (f) 2005 – 2008 Raymond Arcand 2008 – 2011 Allan Paul 2011 - 2014 Herbert R. Arcand 2014 - 2020 Kurt Burnstick 2020 - George Arcand Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation 1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Alexis). 1891 – 1914 Renamed Joseph. 2005 Renamed Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation. 2008 Casino opened. Chiefs 1877 – 1890 Alexis (Stoney name: Aranaji "Stands on the Hill"; Cree name: Keeskeecheechi) 1891 – 1910 Joseph (Soosay) 1910 – 1914 Vacant 1914 – 1927 Francois Alexis 1927 – 1930 Vacant 1930 – 1950 Joseph Alexis 1951 – 1959 Joe Alexis 1960 – 1964 Alexander Alexis 1964 – 1965 Anthony Potts 1965 – 1966 Moses Kootenay (1st time) 1966 – 1968 Willie Lefthand 1968 – 1970 Moses Kootenay (2nd time) 1970 – 1971 Johnny Alexis 1971 – 1976 Howard D. Mustus (1st time) 1976 – 1980 Thomas Potts 1980 – 1996 Howard D. Mustus (2nd time) 1996 – 1998 Roderick Alexis (1st time) 1998 – 2002 Francis Alexis 2002 – 2006 Roderick Alexis (2nd time) 2006 – 2013 Cameron Alexis 2013 - Clayton T. Alexis Athabasca Chipewyan
1932 – 1967 Athabaska Indian Agency established. 1992/96 Renamed Athabasca Chipewyan. Chiefs 1899 – 1921 Alexandre Laviolette (b. 1867 - d. 1921) 1921 – 1952 Jonas Laviolette (b. 1879 - d. 1952) 1952 – 1956 Benjamin Marcel 1956 – 1983 A. Fredolin Marcel 1983 – 1987 Archie Cyprien (1st time) 1987 – 1991 Patrice Marcel 1991 – 1995 Joseph T. Mercredi 1995 – 2007 Archie Cyprien (2nd time) 2007 - Allan B. Adam Beaver ![]() 1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Beaver of Fort Vermilion). c.1928 Renamed Boyer River. 1992 Renamed Beaver. Chiefs 1900 - af.1910 Ambrose Tete-Noire af.1910 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - 1999 Harvey R. Bulldog 1999 - 2005 Barbara Wendt (f) 2005 - 2008 Henry Kidney (1st time) 2008 - 2011 Lorne Bulldog 2011 - 2013 Henry Kidney (2nd time) 2013 - 2020 Trevor L. Mercredi 2020 - Gary Kipling Beaver Lake Cree Nation
1879 Beaver Lake separated from Lac La Biche. 1911 Lac La Biche dissolved, partly merged into Beaver Lake. 2002 Renamed Beaver Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs of Lac La Biche 1876 – 1885 Francois Desjarlais (Peayasis)(b. 1824 - d. 1899) 1885 – 1911 Vacant Chiefs of Beaver Lake bf.1883 – 1885 Kaquanum (headman) 1885 – af.1914 Vacant 1965 – 1969 Lillian Pruden (f) 1969 – 1970 Lawrence Mountain 1970 – af.1992 Alphonse Lameman (1st time) bf.1996 - 1997 Emile Cardinal 1997 – 199. Alphonse Lameman (2nd time) c.1999 Rosaire R. Bugle bf.2001 - 2011 Alphonse Lameman (3rd time) 2011 - 2015 Henry Gladue 2015 - 2023 Germaine A. Anderson (f) 2023 - Gary Lameman Bigstone Cree Nation ![]() 1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Wabasca). 1982 Renamed Bigstone Cree Nation. Chiefs 1899 - 1946 Joseph Bigstone (Kapusekonew) (d. 1946) 1947 - 1962 Maxime Beauregard (d. 1962) 1962 Tommy Auger 1962 - 1964 Samson Beaver 1964 - 1976 Sammy Young 1976 - 1978 Alphonse Auger 1978 - 1980 Leonard Young 1980 - 1984 William Beaver 1984 - 1988 Mike Beaver 1988 - 1990 Charles G. Beaver (b. 1955) 1990 - 1992 Eric G. Alook 1992 - 1996 Gordon T. Auger (1st time) 1996 - 2000 Russell M. Beaver 2000 - 2004 Gordon T. Auger (2nd time) 2004 - 2008 Francis G. Gladue 2008 - 2012 Gordon T. Auger (3rd time) 2012 - 2014 Romeo R. Cardinal 2014 - 2018 Gordon T. Auger (4th time) 2018 - 2022 Silas Yellowknee 2022 - Andy Alook Blood
c.1750
Part of the Blackfoot
confederacy (see under Siksika). 1847/49 – 1869 Piiyinakoyiima "Seen From (b. c.1809 – d. 1869) Afar" 1869 - 1870 Kyaiyosiksina "Black Bear" (d. 1870) 1870 - 1900 Mekiaisto "Red Crow" (b. 1830 - d. 1900) 1900 - 1913 Makoyopistooki "Crop Eared (b. 1846 - d. 1913) Wolf" 1913 - 1915 "Shot Both Sides" (b. 1873 - d. 1956) Head chiefs of the Northern Blood c.1842 - 1865/68 Stamikosaki "Bull Back Fat" (d. 1865/68) 1865/68 - 1877 Manistoko "Father of Many (d. 1884) Children" 1877 - 1878 Sotaiina "Rainy Chief" (b. c.1809 – d. 1878) 1878 - 1882 Aatsistamahka "Running Rabbit"(d. af.1900) 1883 "Calf Tail" (d. 1883) 1883 - 1889 Onistaipoka "White Calf" (d. 1897) (not recognized by Canada) 1889 - 1907 "Day Chief" ("Thunder Chief") (b. c.1844 - d. 1907) 1907 - 1915 "Weasel Horse" (b. c.1843 – d. 1915) ("Blackfoot Old Woman") Head chiefs 1915 - 1956 "Shot Both Sides" (s.a.) 1956 - 1964 Jim Shot Both Sides (d. 1980) Chiefs 1964 - 1966 Rufus Goodstriker 1966 - 1980 Jim Shot Both Sides (s.a.) 1980 - 29 Nov 1992 Roy Fox (1st time) 29 Nov 1992 - Mar 1993 Harley Frank (1st time) Mar 1993 - 22 Mar 1993 Randy Bottle (interim) 22 Mar 1993 - 30 Jun 1993 Harley Frank (2nd time) 30 Jun 1993 - 1996 Roy Fox (2nd time) 1996 - 2004 Christopher Shade 2004 - 2016 Charles Weasel Head 2016 - 2024 Roy Fox (3rd time) 2024 - Traveller Plaited Hair Chipewyan Prairie ![]() 1923 Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Janvier). 1992/96 Renamed Chipewyan Prairie. Chiefs 1923 - 19.. .... bf.1982 - 1985 Archie Janvier 1985 - af.1991 Walter B. Janvier (1st time) c.1992 Fred Black bf.1996 - 2007 Walter B. Janvier (2nd time) 2007 - Vern J. Janvier Cold Lake ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Cold Lake). 2007 Casino opened. Chiefs 1876 – 1882 Matthias Janvier (d. 1882) (Chipewyan name: Uldahi; Cree name: Kenoseyo) 1882 – 1913 Vacant 1913 – 1917 Alexis Janvier 1917 – 1919 Vacant 1919 – 1930 Alphonse Thomas 1930 – 1947 Harry Janvier (1st time) 1948 – 1949 Charles Minoose 1949 – 1953 Charles Blackman (1st time) 1954 – 1956 Abraham Skani 1956 – 1958 Harry Janvier (2nd time) 1958 – 1959 Charles Blackman (2nd time) 1959 – 1960 Simon Martin 1960 – 1962 Pierre Metchewais 1962 – 1964 Louis B. Janvier 1964 – 1966 Elaire Janvier 1966 – 1967 Ovide Jacko 1967 – 1968 Dominic Skani 1968 – 1970 Alfred Nadabelle 1970 – 1975 Ralph Blackman (1st time) 1975 – 1976 Norman Scanie 1976 – 1978 Leo Janvier 1978 – 1979 Maynard Metchewais (1st time) 1979 – 1980 Marcel Piche (1st time) 1980 – 1982 Ralph Blackman (2nd time) 1982 – 1984 Marcel Piche (2nd time) 1984 – 1985 Maynard Metchewais (2nd time) 1985 – 1986 Alex Charland (acting) 1986 – 1988 Francis Scanie (1st time) 1988 – 1990 Harvey Scanie 1990 – 1992 Baptiste Blackman 1992 – 1994 Mary A. Francois (f) 1994 – 1999 Francis Scanie (2nd time) 1999 – 2005 Joyce Metchewais (f) 2005 – 2008 Dwayne Nest 2008 – 2010 Walter S. Janvier 2010 – 2013 Cecil Janvier 2013 - 2019 Bernice Martial (f) 2019 - 2022 Roger Marten 2022 - Kelsey Jacko Dene Tha' ![]() 1900 Signed the Treaty No.8 of 1899 (Slaveys of the Upper Hay River). 1982 Renamed Dene Tha'. Chiefs 1900 – 19.. Alexis Tatatechay c.1910 Francois Tchatee (Chateh) 19.. – 19.. Zama (Zamba) 19.. – 1938 Talley 1938 – 1993 Harry G. Chonkolay (b. 1909 – d. 1998) 1993 – 2001 James Ahnassay (1st time) 2001 – 2005 Stephen Didzena 2005 – 2013 James Ahnassay (2nd time) 2013 - 2017 Joe Pastion 2017 - 2022 James Ahnassay (3rd time) 2022 - Wilfred Hooka-Nooza Driftpile Cree Nation
1908 – 1974 Lesser Slave Lake Indian Agency established. 1910 Renamed Driftpile. 2017 Renamed Driftpile Cree Nation. Chiefs 1899 - 1918 Andrew Willier (Kinosew) (d. 1918) 1918 - 1936 Felix Willier (d. 1936) c.1955 A. Giroux bf.1982 - af.1987 James Giroux (1st time) c.1988 Eugene Laboucan (1st time) bf.1989 - af.1990 Clifford J. Freeman (1st time) bf.1991 - 1996 Eugene Laboucan (2nd time) 1996 - 1998 Clifford J. Freeman (2nd time) 1998 - 2000 James Giroux (2nd time) 2000 - 2002 Thomas Bellerose 2002 - 2014 Rose C. Laboucan (f) 2014 - 2016 Dean M. Giroux 2016 - Dwayne Laboucan Duncan's ![]() 1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Peace River Landing). c.1910 Renamed Duncan's. Chiefs 1899 - 1918 Duncan Testawits (headman) (b. c.1848 - d. 1918) c.1928 Joseph Testawits (headman) c.1982 Francis E. Lawrence c.1987 Irwin Knott (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1989 R.S. Testawitch bf.1990 - af.1992 Donald J. Testawitch (1st time) bf.1994 - 1995 Irwin Knott 1995 - 1999 Donald J. Testawich (1st time) 1999 - 2001 Patti Nooskey (f) 2001 - 2016 Donald J. Testawich (2nd time) 2016 - Virginia M. Gladue (f) Enoch Cree Nation
1877 – 1967 Edmonton Indian Agency established. 1882 Lapotac (in 1884 renamed Enoch) separated from Papaschase. 1888 Papaschase dissolved, partly merged into Enoch. 1993/96 Renamed Enoch Cree Nation. 2006 Casino opened. Chiefs of Papaschase 1877 – 1886 John Gladu-Quinn (Papaschase) (b. 1838 – d. 1921) 1886 – 1888 Band Council (3 headmen) Chiefs of Enoch (to 1884, Lapotac) 1882 – 1883 Tommy Lapotac (b. 1842 - d. 1883) 1884 – 1891 Enoch Lapotac (b. 1859 - d. 1891) 1891 – 1896 Band Council (4 headmen) 1896 – 1905 Mistatim "Mr. Jim" (headman to 1899) 1905 – 1908 Vacant 1908 – 1913 Joseph Louis Ward (b. 1879 – d. 19..) 1913 – 1916 Alexis C. Morin (1st time) (b. 1870 – d. 19..) 1916 – 1920 Vacant 1920 – 1937 Alexis C. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1937 – 1954 James Peacock (b. 1882 – d. 1958) 1954 – 1961 William Morin (1st time) (b. 1896 – d. 1970) 1961 – 1963 Alex Peacock (1st time) (b. 1924 – d. 2007) 1963 – 1965 William Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1965 – 1969 Alex Peacock (2nd time) (s.a.) 1969 – 1977 Raymond F. Cardinal (1st time)(b. 1935 – d. 2009) 1977 – 1979 James Brule (b. 1947) 1979 – 1981 Raymond F. Cardinal (2nd time)(s.a.) 1981 – 1985 Jerome A. Morin (1st time) (b. 1948) 1985 – 1987 Raymond F. Cardinal (3rd time)(s.a.) 1987 – 1989 Howard Peacock (1st time) (b. 1947) 1989 – 1990 Jerome A. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1990 – 1991 Robert Sharphead (acting) (b. 1947 – d. 2003) 1991 – 1995 Howard Peacock (2nd time) (s.a.) 1995 – 1999 Ronald V. Morin (1st time) (b. 1964) 1999 Clark Peacock (b. 1954) 1999 – 2000 Ronald V. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 2000 – 2003 Lorne Morin (b. 1958) 2003 – 2009 Ronald V. Morin (3rd time) (s.a.) 2009 – 2011 Harry Sharphead (b. 1969) 2011 - 2015 Ronald V. Morin (4th time) (s.a.) 2015 - 2022 William A. Morin (b. 1987) 2022 - Cody Thomas Ermineskin ![]() 1879 Separated from Bobtail (see Samson), under the Treaty No. 6 (Ermineskin). Chiefs 1879 – 1929 Jean-Baptiste Piche (b. 1831 – d. 1929) (Sikosew-inew "Ermine Skin") 1929 - c.1971 .... c.1971 Morris Wolfe c.1982 Lawrence N. Wildcat bf.1987 - af.1988 Arthur M. Littlechild bf.1989 - 1990 Eddie Littlechild 1990 – 1996 John Ermineskin 1996 – 2002 Gerald R. Ermineskin (1st time) 2002 – 2005 George L. Minde (1st time) 2005 – 2006 Gerald R. Ermineskin (2nd time) (acting) 2006 – 2008 George L. Minde (2nd time) 2008 – 2011 Gerald R. Ermineskin (3rd time) 2011 - 2014 Craig Makinaw (1st time) 2014 - 2017 Randy Ermineskin (1st time) 2017 - 2020 Craig Makinaw (2nd time) 2020 - 2023 Randy Ermineskin (2nd time) 2023 - Joel Mykat Fort McKay
Chiefs 1942 - c. 1982 .... c.1982 Dorothy M. McDonald (f) (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1990 Jim L. Boucher (1st time) c.1991 Dorothy M. McDonald (f) (2nd time) bf.1992 - 1996 Mel Grandjamb (1st time) 1996 - 2019 Jim L. Boucher 2019 - 2023 Mel Grandjamb (2nd time) 2023 - Raymond Powder Fort McMurray ![]() 1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Fort McMurray). 1924 – 1932 Fort McMurray Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1900 - 19.. Adam Boucher (headman) c.1914 Vacant bf.1982 - af.1990 Robert Cree bf.1991 - 2002 Bernice Cree (f) 2002 – 2005 Michael Cheecham 2005 - 2011 Albert J. Cree 2011 - 2022 Ronald A. Kreuzter 2022 - Neil Cheecham Frog Lake 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Unipouheos). 1914 Renamed Frog Lake. Chiefs 1876 – 18.. Cascakiswes "Head Held Back" bf.1882 - 1885 Onipawihew "Makes Him Stand" 1885 – 1914 Vacant 1914 – 1930 Napayo 1931 – 1952 John Horse 1953 – 1955 Thomas Quinney 1955 – 1957 Alex Waskahat (1st time) 1957 – 1959 Phileon Stanley 1959 Alex Waskahat (2nd time) 1959 – 1961 Fred Horse (1st time) 1961 – 1965 Alex Waskahat (3rd time) 1965 – 1965 John B. Stanley 1967 – 1969 Fred Horse (2nd time) 1969 – 1971 Alex Waskahat (4th time) 1971 – 1972 Sam Waskahat (1st time) 1972 – 1973 Fred Fiddler (1st time) 1973 – 1975 Sam Waskahat (2nd time) 1975 – 1977 Lawrence Quinney 1977 – 1979 Fred Fiddler (2nd time) 1979 – 1983 Sam Waskahat (3rd time) 1983 – 1987 Raymond Quinney (1st time) 1987 Thomas Abraham 1987 – 1989 Raymond Quinney (2nd time) 1989 – 1995 E. Thomas Abraham (1st time) 1995 – 1997 George L. Fryingpan 1997 – 1999 Raymond Quinney (3rd time) 1999 – 2001 E. Thomas Abraham (2nd time) 2001 – 2005 Raymond Quinney (4th time) 2005 – 2007 Roland Quinney 2007 – 2009 George Stanley 2009 - 2019 Clifford L. Stanley 2019 - Gregory Desjarlais Heart Lake
Chiefs 1882 – 1886 Antoine (headman) 1886 – af.1899 Fabian (headman) c.1914 .... (headman) 1964 – 1986 Eugene Monias (1st time) 1986 Peter Francis 1986 – 1997 Eugene Monias (2nd time) 1997 - 2018 Maurice D. Monias 2018 - Curtis Monias Horse Lake ![]() 1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Beaver of Dunvegan). c.1964 Renamed Horse Lake. Chiefs 1899 - 1900 Natoosis (headman) 1900 - 1924 Nipee (d. 1924) 1924 - 1940 Pierre Lowe (Pelee) (d. 1940) c.1952 Ernest Horseman c.1972 Alfred Chaterlaine bf.1982 - af.1987 James Horseman bf.1988 - af.1992 D. Robert Horseman (1st time) bf.1996 - 1997 Robert E. Horseman 1997 - 2001 D. Robert Horseman (2nd time) 2001 - 2009 Dion Horseman 2009 - 2013 Richard Horseman 2013 - 2017 Eugene Horseman 2017 - Ramona E. Horseman (f) Kapawe'no
1992/96 Renamed Kapawe'no. Chiefs 1965 – 1970 Halcrow 1970 - 2020 Frank Thomas Halcrow (b. 1943 - d. 2020) 2020 - Sydney L. Halcrow Kehewin Cree Nation 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Kehewin). 1992 Renamed Long Lake Cree Nation. 1995/96 Renamed Kehewin Cree Nation. Chiefs 1876 – 1885 John (Kehewin "The Eagle") (d. 1887) 1885 – 1913 Vacant 1913 – 1921 J.B. John 1921 – 1973 .... 1973 – 1975 Theresa Gadwa (f) 1975 – 1979 Joseph F. Dion (b. 1948) 1979 – 1997 Gordon Gadwa (b. 1945) 1997 – 2001 J. Eric Gadwa (1st time) 2001 – 2005 Gordon John 2005 – 2008 J. Eric Gadwa (2nd time) 2008 – 2011 Ernest Gadwa 2011 - 2015 J. Eric Gadwa (3rd time) 2015 - 2018 Brenda Joly (f) (from 2017, Brenda Vanguard) 2018 - 2021 Vernon Watchmaker (1st time) 2021 - 2024 Trevor John 2024 - Vernon Watchmaker (2nd time) Little Red River Cree Nation ![]() 1930 Separated from Tallcree, under the Treaty No. 8 (Little Red River). 1992 Renamed Little Red River Cree Nation. Chiefs 1930 - af.1961 Jean-Baptiste Sewepagaham (b. 1878 – d. 1965) 1980 - 2003 Alec J. Sewepagaham 2003 - 2007 Floyd Noskiye 2007 - 2011 Gus Loonskin (1st time) 2011 - 2015 Leslie J. Laboucan 2015 - 2018 Gus Loonskin (2nd time) 2018 - Conroy Sewepagaham Loon River Cree ![]() 1992 Separated from Lubicon Lake, under the Treaty No. 8 (Loon River Cree). Chiefs 1992 - 2001 Paddy Noskey 2001 - 2004 Jerry Noskey 2004 - 2016 Arthur Noskey 2016 - 2019 Bernadette Noskey (f) (from 2017, Bernadette Sharpe) 2019 - Ivan Sawan Louis Bull 1879 Separated from Bobtail (see Samson), under the Treaty No. 6 (Muddy Bull). 1886 Renamed Louis Bull. 2022 Casino opened. Chiefs 1879 – 1886 Noah Muddy Bull (headman) (d. 1886) 1886 - af.1910 Louis Bull (headman to 1909) c.1914 Tom Bull (headman) c.1950 Francis Bull c.1982 Peter Bull bf.1987 - af.1991 Simon Threefingers (1st time) c.1992 Herman Roasting bf.1996 - 1998 Jonathan Bull 1998 - 2001 Helen Bull (f) 2001 - 2007 Simon Threefingers (2nd time) 2007 – 2010 Wayne Moonias 2010 - 2016 Russel Threefingers 2016 - 2022 Irvin Bull 2022 - Desmond Bull Lubicon Lake
(Lubicon Lake); no reserve established as of 2024. Chiefs 1940 – 19.. Joseph Laboucan 1970/73 - 1978 Walter Whitehead 1978 - 2013 Bernard A. Ominayak (b. 1950) (from 2013, continues in opposition) 2013 - Billy J. Laboucan Mikisew Cree Nation ![]() 1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Chipewyan Cree). 1992 Renamed Mikisew Cree Nation. Chiefs 1899 - 1909 Justin Martin (Mikisew) (b. c.1833 - d. 1909) 1909 - 1930 Justin Martin, Jr. (b. 1860 – d. 1930) 1930 - 1941 Felix P. Whitehead (d. 1941) 1942 - 1968 John Cowie 1968 - 1970 Ernest Courtoreille 1970 - 1974 Albert Gladue (1st time) 1974 - 1976 John J. Courtoreille 1976 Archie Waquan (1st time) 1976 - 1977 Sammy Tuccaro 1977 Cecilia Simpson (f) (interim) 1977 - 1978 Albert Gladue (2nd time) 1978 - 1979 Lawrence Courtoreille (1st time) 1979 - 1980 Lloyd J. Antoine 1980 - 1984 Lawrence Courtoreille (2nd time) 1984 - 1986 Archie Waquan (2nd time) 1986 - 1989 Rita Marten (f) 1989 - 1990 Matthew Lepine 1990 - 1993 Archie Waquan (3rd time) 1993 - 1996 Lawrence Vermillion 1996 - 1999 Archie Waquan (4th time) 1999 Mary Simpson (f) (acting) 1999 - 2002 George Poitras 2002 - 2005 Archie Waquan (5th time) 2005 - 2011 Roxanne D. Marcel (f) 2011 - 2017 Steve G. Courtoreille 2017 - 2020 Archie Waquan (6th time) 2020 - 2022 Peter Powder 2022 - Billy-Joe Tuccaro Montana 1898 A band organized under the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (Montana) from the Cree Indians, who had returned to Canada after fleeing to the U.S. in 1885. Chiefs 1898 – af.1914 Vacant af.1914 - c.1975 .... c.1975 Lillian Potts (f) bf.1978 - af.1982 Leo Cattleman (1st time) bf.1986 - 1989 Melvin Potts 1989 – 1999 Leo Cattleman (2nd time) 1999 – 2002 Darrell Strongman (1st time) 2002 – 2005 Leo Cattleman (3rd time) 2005 – 2008 Carl Rabbit 2008 – 2011 Carolyn Buffalo (f) 2011 - 2014 Bradley Rabbit 2014 - 2017 Darrell Strongman (2nd time) 2017 - 2023 Leonard Standing On The Road 2023 - Ralph Cattleman O'Chiese ![]() 1950 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (O'Chiese). Chiefs 1950 – 19.. George Daychief bf.1982 - af.1988 Theresa Strawberry (f) c.1989 George Strawberry bf.1990 - af.1992 Caroline Beaver Bones (f) bf.1995 - 1998 Alice Strawberry (f) 1998 – 2002 Danny Bradshaw 2002 - 2019 Darren Whitford 2019 - Ray D. Beaverbones Paul ![]() 1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Sharphead). 1898 Renamed Paul. Chiefs 1877 - 1888 Cheepostequan "Sharphead" (1st time) 1888 - 1890 George Bear 1890 - 1897 Cheepostequan "Sharphead" (2nd time) 1898 - 1901 Paul Firebag (1st time) (d. 1920) 1901 - 1906 Band Council (2-3 headmen) 1906 - 1911 David S. Bird (d. 1911) 1911 - 1915 Joseph Michel 1915 - 1920 Paul Firebag (2nd time) (s.a.) 1920 - 1922 John House 1922 - 1929 Vacant 1929 - 1930 David Peter 1930 - 1934 Vacant 1934 - 1935 Peter Burnstick 1935 - 1938 Vacant 1938 - 1946 Enoch Bird 1946 - 1948 Alex House 1948 - 1952 Joseph House (1st time) 1952 - 1955 David Bird 1955 - 1956 Joseph House (2nd time) 1956 - 1958 John Paul 1958 - 1960 Jacob Rain 1960 - 1966 Samuel Bird (1st time) 1966 - 1968 Willie Rain (1st time) 1968 - 1978 Samuel Bird (2nd time) 1978 – 1982 Myles A. House 1982 - 1984 Edwin Burnstick 1984 - 1986 Enoch Bird (1st time) 1986 - 1988 Willie Rain (2nd time) 1988 - 198. Enoch Bird (2nd time) bf.1989 - af.1992 Walter Rain bf.1995 - 1996 Rema Rain (1st time) 1996 - 2000 Wilson S. Bearhead 2000 - 2002 Rema Rain (2nd time) 2002 - 2004 Francis Bull 2004 - 2010 Daniel Paul 2010 - 2016 Casey G. Bird (1st time) 2016 - 2022 Arthur Rain 2022 - Casey G. Bird (2nd time) Peerless Trout
(Peerless Trout). 2024 Reserve established for the first time. Chiefs 2010 – 2018 James Alook 2018 - 2022 Gladys Okemow (f) 2022 - Gilbert Okemow Piikani Nation ![]() c.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika). 1877 Northern Peigan (in Canada) signed the Treaty No. 7 (as Peigan), Southern Peigan (in the U.S.) became Blackfeet. 1888 – 1966 Peigan Indian Agency established. 1996 Renamed Peigan Nation. 2002 Renamed Piikani Nation. Head chiefs bf.1847 - 1876 Stamiksotokani "Bull Head" (d. 1876) (head chief of Northern Peigan) 1876 – 1886 Soatsitapitaupi "Eagle Tail (d. 1886) Feathers" 1886 – 1890 "North Axe" (b. c.1849 - d. 1890) 1890 – 1901 Maistopita "Crow Eagle" (b. c.1833 – d. 1901) 1901 - af.1911 Siksapo "Black Plume" (b. 1858 – d. 19..) 1949 – 1963 John Yellow Horn (b. 1900 – d. 1983) Chiefs 1964 – 1976 Maurice McDougall (b. 1906 – d. 1976) 1976 – 1982 Nelson Small Legs 1982 – 1989 Peter Yellowhorn 1989 – 1995 Leonard Bastien 1995 – 1997 Philip Big Swan 1997 – 2007 Peter Strikes With A Gun 2007 – 2011 Reg Crowshoe 2011 - 2015 Gayle M. Strikes With A Gun (f) 2015 - 2023 Stanley Grier 2023 - Troy Knowlton Saddle Lake Cree Nation
1876 Signed the Treaty No.6 (Little Hunter and James Seenum). 1884 – 1967 Saddle Lake (to 1887, Victoria) Indian Agency established. 1902 James Seenum (in c.1934 renamed White Fish Lake) merged into Little Hunter (in 1902 renamed Saddle Lake), but each group retains separate administration. c.1982 – 1992/96 White Fish Lake group renamed Goodfish Lake. 2010 Renamed Saddle Lake Cree Nation. Head chief of the Beaver Hills People (Plains Cree and their Stoney allies in central and eastern part of Alberta) bf.1870 - 1876 Onochi Minahowasis (b. c.1820 - d. 1882) "Little Hunter" Chiefs of Saddle Lake (to 1902, Little Hunter) 1876 - 1882 Onochi Minahowasis (s.a.) "Little Hunter" 1882 - 1886 Vacant 1886 - 1896 Thomas Hunter (headman) 1896 - 1913 Vacant bf.1924 - 1929 Thomas Makokis (b. 1870 – d. 19..) 1929 Louis Cardinal 1930 - 1943 Moses Ayiwakes 1943 - 1946 George Hunter 1946 - 1956 .... 1956 - 1960 Joseph P. Cardinal (1st time) (b. 1921 – d. 2003) 1960 - 1966 Julian Moses 1966 - 1969 Ralph Garvin Steinhauer (b. 1905 – d. 1987) 1969 - 1972 Horace Jackson 1972 - 1975 Joseph P. Cardinal (2nd time) (s.a.) 1975 - 1980 Eugene Steinhauer (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 1995) 1980 - 1981 Charles E. Wood 1981 - 1984 Henry B. Quinney 1984 - 1985 Eugene Steinhauer (2nd time) (s.a.) 1985 - 1987 Eugene Houle (b. 1949 - d. 2012) 1987 - 1989 Eugene Steinhauer (3rd time) (s.a.) 1989 - 1992 Carl Quinn 1992 - 1995 Eric J. Large (b. 1945) 1995 - 1998 Shirley M. Steinhauer (f) 1998 - 2001 John Shirt 2001 - 2013 Eddy Makokis (1st time) 2013 - 2016 Leonard Jackson 2016 - 2019 Eddy Makokis (2nd time) 2019 - 2022 Eric Shirt 2022 - 29 Mar 2024 Terry Cardinal (b. 1955 - d. 2024) 2024 - Herb Jackson Chiefs of White Fish Lake (to c.1934, James Seenum; c.1982-1992/96 Goodfish Lake) 1876 – 1917 James Seenum (b. 1842 - d. 1917) (Pakan "Hard Nut") c.1932? Edward Seenum c.1982 Harry Sparklingeyes c.1985 Sam Bull (d. 1996) 198. - 1987 Morris H. Jackson 1987 - af.1990 Ernest Houle bf.1991 - af.1992 Allen Houle (1st time) af.1992 - 1996 .... 1996 - 1999 Allen Houle (2nd time) 1999 - 2002 Alan J. Makokis 2002 - 2008 Leonard Thomas Houle (1st time) 2008 - 2014 James Jackson 2014 - 2017 Brian Favel 2017 - 2021 Leonard Thomas Houle (2nd time) 2021 - 2024 Stan Houle 2024 - Jason Whiskeyjack Samson ![]() 1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Bobtail). 1879 Samson separated from Bobtail. 1884 – 1967 Hobbema (to 1892, Peace Hills) Indian Agency established. 1886 Bobtail dissolved, partly merged into Samson. Chief of Bobtail 1877 – 1886 Alexis Piche (b. 1829 – d. 1900) (Kiskiyew "Bobtail") Chiefs of Samson 1879 – 1898 Samson (Kanatakasew) (d. 1898) 1899 – 1942 Joseph Samson 1942 – 1952 James Crane 1953 – 1955 Baptiste Saddleback 1955 – 1957 John S. Samson (1st time) 1957 – 1959 Felix Buffalo (1st time) 1959 – 1961 John S. Samson (2nd time) 1961 – 1963 Felix Buffalo (2nd time) 1963 – 1965 Harry Rain 1965 – 1969 Jacob L. Samson 1969 – 1973 Norman Yellowbird 1973 – 1975 Arthur Potts 1975 – 1979 Frank Buffalo 1979 – 1981 Jim Omeasoo (1st time) 1981 – 1983 Victor S. Buffalo (1st time) 1983 – 1989 Jim Omeasoo (2nd time) 1989 – 1993 Victor S. Buffalo (2nd time) 1993 – 1996 Terry Buffalo 1996 – 1999 Florence Buffalo (f) 1999 – 2002 Lena Cutknife (f) 2002 – 2008 Victor S. Buffalo (3rd time) 2008 - 2014 Marvin Yellowbird 2014 - 2017 Kurt Buffalo 2017 - Vernon J. Saddleback Sawridge ![]() 1910 Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Sawridge). Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen) 1910 - 1966 .... 1966 - 1997 Walter P. Twinn (b. 1934 – d. 1997) 1997 - 2002 Bertha L'Hirondelle-Twin (f) 2002 - 2023 Roland Twinn 2023 - Isaac Twinn Siksika
c.1750
Part of the Blackfoot
confederacy (in the Blackfoot: Niitsitapi), Head chiefs of the Southern Blackfoot 1998
Separated
from Salt River, under the Treaty No. 8 Stoney (Stoney Nakoda) 1877
Signed the
Treaty No. 7 (Stoney), three constituent bands
Chiefs of Bearspaw Band
Chiefs of Chiniki Band
Chiefs of Goodstoney (1903-2022 Wesley) Band 1900
Signed the
Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Sturgeon Lake). 1910
Separated from
Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Sucker Creek). Sunchild 1944 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Sunchild). Chiefs 1944 – 19.. Louis Sunchild c.1982 Robert Whitecalf (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1988 Nelson Daychief bf.1989 - af.1990 Robert Whitecalf (2nd time) bf.1991 - 1997 Harry Goodrunning (1st time) 1997 – 1999 Melvin Goodrunning (1st time) 1999 – 2001 Harry Goodrunning (2nd time) 2001 – 2003 Melvin Goodrunning (2nd time) 2003 – 2009 Stanley Lagrelle (1st time) 2009 – 2011 James Frencheater 2011 – 2013 Stanley Lagrelle (2nd time) 2013 - Jonathan Frencheater Swan River ![]() 1910 Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Swan River). Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen) 1910 – 1927 Felix Giroux 1927 – 1928 Edward Twin 1928 – 1935 August Chalifoux (1st time) 1935 – af.1936 August Sowan 19.. – 19.. Gene Giroux 19.. – 19.. August Chalifoux (2nd time) 19.. – 19.. Victor Twin 19.. – 19.. Paul Sound c.1982 Henry C. Chalifoux (1st time) 198. - 1987 Gordon Courtoreille 1987 - af.1989 Dustin V. Twin (1st time) bf.1990 - 1996 Henry C. Chalifoux (2nd time) 1996 – 1999 Dustin V. Twin (2nd time) 1999 – 2002 Richard Davis 2002 – 2013 Leon Chalifoux (acting to 2003) 2013 - 2016 Ryan Davis 2016 - 2022 Gerald Giroux 2022 - Lee Twinn Tallcree ![]() 1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Vermilion). 1930 Renamed Tallcree. 1948 - 1970 Fort Vermilion Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1899 - af.1916 "Tall Cree" (originally headman) bf.1982 - af.1988 Francis Meenen bf.1989 - 1998 Bernard J. Meneen (1st time) 1998 - 2003 Frank Meneen 2003 - 2008 Bernard J. Meneen (2nd time) 2008 - Rupert L. Meneen
c.1750
Part of the Blackfoot
confederacy (see under Siksika). Head chiefs
1901
Signed the
Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Whitefish Lake) in 1990
Separated from
Lubicon Lake, under the Treaty No. 8 British Columbia Note: There are 203 First Nations in British Columbia. Although the treaties with the Crown by 10 bands on the Vancouver Island were entered during 1850-1854 and most of the reserves were set aside by 1900, a majority of the nations in British Columbia remain outside of the treaties with Canada until now. The modern self-government treaty making started in 1986, but by 2017 only 13 nations had signed these treaties. Currently recorded are: (1) 12 largest First Nations by registered native on-reserve population in 2010 (the ones whose population exceeded 800) and (2) eight First Nations in the north-eastern part of the province that are covered by the Treaty No. 8 of 1899. There were the following Indian agencies not recorded below under individual First Nations: West Coast (1881-1970), Kamloops (1881-1969), New Westminster (to 1910 Fraser River, 1881-1965), Williams Lake (1883-1971), Kootenay (1885-1969), Stikine (1905-1954), Queen Charlotte (1909-1966), Stuart Lake (1910-1968), Nicola (1929-1969), Burns Lake (1956-1968), Terrace (1959-1971).
1934 - 1968 Fort St. John Indian Agency established. 1962 Renamed Fort St. John. 1977 Renamed Blueberry River. Chiefs 1900 - 1912 Vacant 1912 - 1918 Madaayea (Anglicized: Montney)(b. c.1846 - d. 1918) 1919 - 1952 Sagonaa (Anglicized: Succona) (b. 1879 – d. 1952) c.1972 Rene Dominic c.1982 Gerald Davis bf.1985 - af.1992 Joseph Apsassin (1st time) bf.1997 - 2001 Norman Yahey (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Malcolm Apsassin 2003 - 2005 Linda Chipesia (f) 2005 - 2009 Norman Yahey (2nd time) 2009 - 2013 Joseph Apsassin (2nd time) 2013 - 2022 Marvin Yahey 2022 - Judy Desjarlais (f) Cowichan ![]() 1859 First of several reserves set aside. 1881 - 1970 Cowichan Indian Agency established. 1886 - 189. Cowichan Council elected by 7 Cowichan bands (Clemclemluts, Comiaken, Khenipsen, Kilpahlas, Koksilah, Quamichan, Somena). 1939 Amalgamation of 7 Cowichan bands. Chief councilor (leader of municipal style council) 1886 - af.1887 Lohah (chief of Comiaken) Head chief bf.1897 - af.1915 Charlie Suhiltun (chief of Quamichan) Chiefs 1939 - 19.. .... c.1945 Fred Thorne 1972 - 1974 Dennis Alphonse (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2004) 1974 - 1976 Wesley Modeste 1976 - 1988 Dennis Alphonse (2nd time) (s.a.) 1988 - 1990 Ernest Elliott 1990 - 1992 Dennis Alphonse (3rd time) (s.a.) 1992 - 1998 Philomena Alphonse (f) 1998 - 2002 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (1st time) 2002 - 2007 Harvey R. Alphonse (1st time) 2007 - 2011 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (2nd time) 2011 - 2013 Harvey R. Alphonse (2nd time) 2013 - 2022 William C. Seymour 2022 - 2024 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (3rd time) 2024 - Cindy Daniels (f) Doig River
(Doig River). Chiefs 1977 – 1981 Gerry Attachie (1st time) (b. 1952) 1981 – 1985 Kelvin Davis (1st time) 1985 – 1997 Gerry Attachie (2nd time) (s.a.) 1997 – 1999 .... 1999 – 2001 Kelvin Davis (2nd time) 2001 – 2005 Gary Oker 2005 – 2009 Kelvin Davis (3rd time) 2009 - 2015 Norman Davis 2015 - Trevor Makadahay Fort Nelson ![]() 1911 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Slaveys of Fort Nelson). 1962 Renamed Fort Nelson. Chiefs 1911 - 19.. Jimmie Badine bf.1982 - af.1988 George Behn bf.1989 - af.1990 Kathi Dickie (f) (1st time) bf.1991 - 1992 Sally Behn (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1993 Glen Badine 1993 - 1994 William Capot-Blanc 1994 - 1997 Harvey Behn 1997 - 1998 Sally Behn (f) (2nd time) 1998 - 1999 Adolphus Capot-Blanc 1999 - 2005 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (1st time) 2005 - 2006 Sally Behn (f) (3rd time) 2006 - 2008 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (2nd time) 2008 - 2012 Kathi Dickie (f) (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Sharleen Wildeman (f) (1st time) (from 2013, Sharleen Gale) 2014 - 2017 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (3rd time) 2017 - 2018 Harrison Dickie 2018 - 2019 Curtis Dickie 2019 - 2024 Sharleen Gale (f) (2nd time) 2024 - Archie Harrold Gitanmaax
various spellings, such as Get-An-Max). 1982 Name Gitanmaax specified. First chief bf.1897 - af.1903 Gedimgaldo’o (Get-dum-gol-doc) Chiefs c.1982 Lawrence W. Howard bf.1986 - 1988 Neil B. Sterritt (b. 1941 - d. 2020) 1988 - 1990 Stephen Robinson 1990 - af.1992 Gary Patsey bf.1996 - af.1998 Lawrence K. Patsey bf.2002 - 2012 Marjorie McRae (f) (1st time) 2012 - 2014 Julie Morrison (f) 2014 - 2016 Marjorie McRae (f) (2nd time) 2016 - 2018 Veronica Green (f) 2018 - 2024 Tracey Woods (f) 2024 - Kirsten Barnes (f) Halfway River ![]() 1914 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Hudson’s Hope). 1977 Renamed Halfway River. Chiefs 1914 – 19.. Metecheah c.1972 Harry Jackson c.1982 Grace Metecheah (f) c.1987 Bernie Metecheah (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1991 Gerry Hunter (1st time) bf.1992 - 2001 Bernie Metecheah (2nd time) 2001 - 2003 Joyce Morin (f) 2003 - 2005 Roslyn Pokiak (f) 2005 - 2009 Gerry Hunter (2nd time) 2009 - 2011 Ed Whitford 2011 - 2013 Russell Lily 2013 - Darlene Hunter (f) Heiltsuk ![]() 1882 First of reserves set aside (Bella Bella). 1982 Renamed Heiltsuk (Haíɫzaqv). Head chiefs bf.1881 - af.1884 Charley Humchitt (Hmzit) bf.1893 - 1900 Boston Humpsit 1901 - 1904 Robert Bell (b. 1859 - d. 1904) c.1913 Bob Anderson Chiefs 19.. - 1982 Edwin Newman (1st time) 1982 - 1990 Cecil M. Reid (b. 1930 - d. 2016) 1990 - 1992 Arlene Wilson (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Edwin Newman (2nd time) 1994 - af.1998 Arlene Wilson (f) (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Robert Germyn 2002 - 2006 Ross Wilson 2006 - 2008 William Gladstone 2008 - Marilyn Slett (f) Lake Babine ![]() 1889 - 1971 Babine Indian agency. 1892 First of reserves set aside (Fort Babine). 1957 Renamed Lake Babine (upon incorporation of Old Fort). 1996 Renamed Lake Babine Nation. Head chief c.1825 Ack-koo-shaw Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1906 "Big" George (Gwist’a’) c.1915 William 1959 - 1962 Nee Ughin Lee c.196. Margaret Patrick (f) (1st time) c.1968 Lawrence Tom 1969 - 1972 Margaret Patrick (f) (2nd time) 1972 - 1975 Ted Lowley (1st time) 1975 - 1979 Margaret Patrick (f) (3rd time) 1979 - 1988 Ted Lowley (2nd time) 1988 - 1994 Wilfred Adam (1st time) 1994 - 1997 Emma Palmantier (f) (1st time) 1997 - 2003 Betty Patrick (f) (1st time) 2003 - 2006 Emma Palmantier (f) (2nd time) 2006 - 2009 Betty Patrick (f) (2nd time) 2009 - 2018 Wilfred Adam (2nd time) 2018 - 2021 Gordon Alec 2021 - 2024 Murphy Abraham 2024 - Wilfred Adam (3rd time) Lax Kw’alaams ![]() 1881 First of reserves set aside (Port Simpson, often named Fort Simpson until c.1910). 1883 - 1967 Northwest Coast (1909-1922 Nass, from 1922 Skeena River) Indian agency. 1983 Renamed Lax Kw’alaams. Head chiefs bf.1836 - 1842 "Old" Legaic (Ligeex) (d. 1842) 1842 - 1869 Legaic (b. c.1820 - d. 1869) (from 1863, Paul Legaic I) 1869 - 1891 Paul Legaic II (d. 1891) 1891 - 1902 Martha Legaic (f) (b. c.1874 - d. 1902) Chief councillors (leaders of municipal style council) 1894 - 190. .... c.1905 Alfred S. Dudoward (b. c.1850 - d. 1914) bf.1928 - af.1935 Ernest Dudoward (d. 1951) c.1947 Thomas Gosnell 19.. - 1952 .... Chiefs (from c.2013, with title of Mayor) c.1968 Reginald Sampson (1st time) c.1981 James Bryant (1st time) c.1982 Reginald Sampson (2nd time) c.1983 James Bryant (2nd time) 198. - 1987 Leonard Reece 1987 - 1989 Reginald Sampson (3rd time) 1989 - 1991 Lawrence Helin (b. 1931 - d. 2015) 1991 - af.1993 Helen Johnson (f) bf.1997 - 1999 Benjamin G. Hughes 1999 - 2015 Garry M. Reece (1st time) 2015 - 2019 John B. Helin 2019 - Garry M. Reece (2nd time) Lil'wat Nation ![]() 1881 First of several reserves set aside (Pemberton). 1958 Renamed Mount Currie. 2015 Renamed Lil'wat Nation. Chiefs bf.1881 - af.1915 James Stager (Statzie) c.1922 Alphonse J. Stager 1981 - 1989 Leonard J. Andrew (1st time) 1989 - af.1990 Fraser Andrew bf.1991 - 1995 Katherine Wallace (f) 1995 - 2003 Allen Stager 2003 - 2011 Leonard J. Andrew (2nd time) 2011 - 2015 Lucinda Phillips (f) 2015 - Dean Nelson Lytton ![]() 1878 First of reserves set aside (Lytton, also named Tlkamcheen in various spellings until c.1910), designated already in 1860. 1910 - 1969 Lytton Indian agency. Chiefs c.1858 David Spintlum (Sexpinlhemx) (b. c.1811 - d. 1887) 1878 - af.1899 William Michel c.1963 Charles R. Brown c.1978 Tim Spinks bf.1980 - 1983 Nathan J. Spinks 1983 - 1991 Ruby R. Dunstan (f) 1991 - af.1995 Byron J. Spinks (1st time) bf.1997 - af.2003 Janet Webster (f) (1st time) bf.2007 - 2009 Byron J. Spinks (2nd time) 2009 - 2023 Janet Webster (f) (2nd time) 2023 - Niakia Hanna McLeod Lake ![]() 1892 Reserve set aside (McLeod Lake). 2000 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899. Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1899 Nansit c.1972 Michell Solonas bf.1977 - 1997 Harry Chingee 1997 - 2002 Alec Chingee (1st time) 2002 - 2005 Harley Chingee (1st time) 2005 - 2008 Alec Chingee (2nd time) 2008 - 2017 Derek Orr 2017 - Harley Chingee (2nd time) Namgis ![]() 1881 First of reserves set aside (Nimkeesh). 1881 - 1970 Kwawkewlth Indian agency. 1934 Spelling changed to Nimpkish. 1996 Renamed Namgis. Chiefs c.1792 Cheslakees bf.1897 - af.1909 Tla-gu-glas (Tlah-co-glass) c.1914 Alfred Lageuse c.1921 Dan Cranmer 1951 - 19.. James Sewid (b. 1933 - d. 1988) c.1980 Roy Cranmer 198. - 1982 William T. Cranmer (1st time) 1982 - 1994 Patrick Alfred (b. 1937 - d. 2007) 1994 - 2014 William T. Cranmer (2nd time) 2014 - 2017 Debra Hanuse (f) 2017 - 2023 Donald Svanvik 2023 - Victor Isaac Nisga’a of New Aiyansh
1924 Renamed Gitlakdamix. 2000 Renamed Nisga’a Village of New Aiyansh (the former name remains in use locally), the Nisga’a Final Agreement of 1999 effective. 2010 Spelling of locally used name changed to Gitlaxt’aamiks (confirmed 2022). Head chiefs c.1856 "Old" Skoten (Sgat’iin) bf.1879 - af.1881 Skoten First chiefs bf.1885 - af.1899 Abraham Wright c.1913 Andrew Mercer Chiefs c.1978 James Gosnell c.1982 Roderick Robinson (b. 1931 - d. 2004) 198. - 1988 Joseph A. Gosnell (b. 1936 - d. 2020) 1988 - 1990 Percy Tait 1990 - 1996 Herbert Morven (1st time) 1996 - 1998 Reg Percival 1998 - 2000 Herbert Morven (2nd time) 2000 – 2004 Brian Tait 2004 - 2008 Eva Clayton (f) 2008 - 2012 George Williams 2012 – 2016 Gerald Robinson 2016 – 2020 Keith Tait 2020 - Calvin Morven Nuxalk ![]() 1882 First of reserves set aside (Bella Coola). 1909 - 1971 Bella Coola Indian agency. 1992 Renamed Nuxalk Nation. Head chief bf.1897 - af.1899 Chi-che-law Chiefs c.1979 Archie Pootlass (1st time) bf.1980 - 1989 Edward Moody (1st time) (b. 1947 - d. 2010) 1989 - 1991 Archie Pootlass (2nd time) 1991 - 1995 Edward Moody (2nd time) (s.a.) 1995 - 2001 Archie Pootlass (3rd time) 2001 - 2005 Anfinn C. Siwallace 2005 - 2007 Archie Pootlass (4th time) 2007 - 2011 Spencer Siwallace 2011 - 2013 Andrew Andy 2013 - 2021 Wally Webber 2021 - Samuel Schooner Okanagan ![]() c.1860 Okanagan people divided - the northern part in British Columbia and the southern part in the U.S. (see under Colville). 1877 First of reserves set aside (Head of the Lake), designated already in 1865. 1881 - 1969 Okanagan Indian agency (1884–1910 abolished). 1892 Renamed Nkamaplix (also named Vernon from c.1910). 1920 Renamed Okanagan. Head chiefs of Okanagan people bf.1829 - 1859 Nicola (Hwistesmetxe’qen) (b. c.1780 – d. 1859) c.1860 Chilliheetsa Chiefs 1865 - 1878 Moise Cinq-Coeur (d. 1878) 1879 - 1898 Basil William 1898 - 1907 Louis Jim 1907 - 1908 Pierre Michel (Hlakay)(1st time)(b. c.1835 - d. 1918) 1908 - 1909 Isaac Harris 1909 - 1912 Baptiste Logan 1912 - 1915 Pierre Michel (2nd time) (s.a.) 1915 - 1918 Gaston Louis 1918 - 1961 .... 1961 - 1965 Murray Alexis (1st time) 1965 - 1971 Ernest Brewer 1971 - 1975 Murray Alexis (2nd time) 1975 - 1979 Wilfred Bonneau 1979 - 1981 Murray Alexis (3rd time) 1981 - 1983 Reynold Bonneau (1st time) 1983 - 1991 Murray Alexis (4th time) 1991 - 1993 Albert Saddleman (1st time) 1993 - 1995 Reynold Bonneau (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Albert Saddleman (2nd time) 1997 - 1999 Reynold Bonneau (3rd time) 1999 - 2003 Don Wilson 2003 - 2005 Lyle Brewer 2005 - 2011 Fabian Alexis 2011 - Byron Louis Prophet River ![]() 1974 Separated from Fort Nelson, under the Treaty No. 8 (Prophet River). Chiefs 1974 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - 2009 Liza Wolf (f) 2009 - 2018 Lynette Tsakoza (f) 2018 - 2021 Kirk L. Tsakoza 2021 - Valerie Askoty (f) Saulteau ![]() 1914 Adhesion to the Treaty No.8 of 1899 (Saulteau). Chiefs 1914 - 19.. John Desjarlais (headman) 19.. - 1935 William Desjarlais (d. 1935) c.19.. Thomas Napoleon c.19.. Fred Courtoreille c.19.. Johnny Gauthier c.19.. Joe Desjarlais c.19.. Elmer Davis c.19.. Marvin Desjarlais bf.1982 - af.1988 Jack Davis 198. - 1989 Bud Napoleon 1989 - 1994 Stewart Cameron (1st time) 199. - 1997 Art Napoleon 1997 - 1999 Stewart Cameron (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Robin Paquette 2001 - 2009 Allan Apsassin 2009 - 2014 Harley Davis 2014 - 2017 Nathan Parenteau 2017 - 2020 Kenneth Cameron 2020 - 2023 Justin F. Napoleon 2023 - Rudy Paquette Squamish
1869 First of several reserves set aside. 1922 - 1969 Vancouver (from 1965, Fraser) Indian agency established. 1923 Amalgamation of 5 Squamish bands (Capilano, False Creek, Howe Sound, Mission, Seymour Creek). Chiefs of Mission (by 1900, the most populous Squamish reserve) c.1860 - af.1869 Joseph (Snatt) bf.1897 - af.1916 Harry Joseph bf.1922 - af.1950 Moses Joseph Chairmen 1923 - 1959 Council of Chiefs (originally 16 lineages of life chiefs) 1959 - 1969 Simon Baker (b. 1916 - d. 2001) 1969 - 1981 David Jacobs (b. 1937) 1981 - 1993 Leslie Harry Co-chairs 1993 - 2009 Byron Joseph (1st time) + Bill Williams 2009 - 2013 Krisandra Jacobs (f) + Byron Joseph (2nd time) 2013 - 2017 Ann Whonnock (f) + Byron Joseph (3rd time) 2017 - 2021 Kristen Rivers (f) + Joshua Joseph Chairman 2021 - Dustin Rivers (Khelsilem) West Moberly 1977 Separated from Halfway River, under the Treaty No. 8 (West Moberly). Chiefs 1977 – 1990 John Dokkie 1990 – 1999 George Desjarlais 1999 - Roland Willson Manitoba Barren Lands ![]() 1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Barren Lands). Chiefs 1906 - 1923 Petit Casimir (d. 1940) 1923 - 1935 Rene Samuel 1935 - 1948 Donald Isasage 1948 - 1958 Thomas Dettanikkeaze 1958 - 1960 Louis Dettanikkeaze 1960 - 1973 Patrice Hyslop 1973 - 1975 Eugene Bendoni 1976 - 1978 George Bighetty 1978 - 1983 Peter Bighetty 1983 - 1985 Philip K. Michel (1st time) 1985 - 1986 Donald McCallum (1st time) 1986 - 1989 Philip K. Michel (2nd time) 1989 - 1992 John W. Bighetty (1st time) 1992 - 1995 Alfred Bighetty 1995 - 1998 John W. Bighetty (2nd time) 1998 - 2000 Roy Bighetty (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Donald McCallum (2nd time) 2002 - 2006 Archie Halkett 2006 - 2008 John W. Bighetty (3rd time) 2008 - 2010 Russell Halkett 2010 - 2012 Roy Bighetty (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Delphine I. Bighetty (f) 2014 - 2016 Michael Sewap (1st time) 2016 - 2020 John Clarke 2020 - 2022 Trina Halkett (f) 2022 - 2024 Michael Sewap (2nd time) 2024 - Jonas Sewap Berens River ![]() 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Berens River). 1884 – 1904 Berens River Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1875 - 1916 Jacob Berens (b. c.1835 – d. 1916) 1917 - 1947 William Berens (b. 1866 – d. 1947) c.1982 James Semple c.1987 Lester O. Everett (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Andrew Bittern c.1991 Lester O. Everett (2nd time) c.1992 Elsie Bouchie (f) bf.1993 - 1995 Arnold M. Ross 1995 - 1997 Lester O. Everett (3rd time) 1997 - 2001 Alfred Everett (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Nancy Whiteway (f) 2003 - af.2005 Alfred Everett (2nd time) bf.2006 - 2014 George Kemp 2014 - 2016 Jackie Everett (f) 2016 - 2019 Hartley Everett (1st time) 2019 - 2023 Norman McKay 2023 - Hartley Everett (2nd time) Birdtail Sioux ![]() 1864 Arrived from the U.S. 1875 Birdtail Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1878 - 1949 Birtle Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1864 - 1896 Enoch (d. 1896) (Mahpiya Hinape "Cloud Appears") 1896 - af.1899 Vacant bf.1974 - af.1982 Jack Kasto bf.1987 - af.1989 Nelson "Kelly" Bunn (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1992 Henry Skywater (1st time) bf.1993 - 1995 Nelson "Kelly" Bunn (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Henry Skywater (2nd time) 1997 - af.1999 Nelson "Kelly" Bunn (3rd time) bf.2001 - af.2003 Murray Clearsky bf.2005 - 2013 Kenneth B. Chalmers (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Nelson Bunn (3rd time) 2015 - 2021 Kenneth B. Chalmers (2nd time) 2021 - Lindsay Bunn Black River (Little Black River) ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Black River). c.1950 – 2012 Renamed Little Black River. Chiefs 1876 - 18.. James Bird 18.. - 1884 Isaac Passage (d. 1884) bf.1896 – af.1899 John Sayer c.1982 Victor R. Starr c.1987 Oliver Bird bf.1988 - af.1989 Henry Bird bf.1990 - af.1997 Franklin Abraham (1st time) bf.2001 - 2003 Sheldon Kent (1st time) 2003 – af.2005 Franklin Abraham (2nd time) bf.2007 - 2014 Sheldon Kent (2nd time) 2014 - 2015 Franklin Abraham (3rd time) 2015 - Sheldon Kent (3rd time) Bloodvein ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Bloodvein). Chiefs 1876 – af.1899 Peter Stoney (Sakachewayas) c.1982 Harry Cook bf.1987 - af.1990 Frank Young (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1997 Helen Cook (f) bf.2000 - 2002 Derek A. Cook (1st time) 2002 - 2004 William Young 2004 - 2006 Roland J. Hamilton (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Craig Cook 2008 - 2010 Frank Young (2nd time) 2010 - 2020 Roland J. Hamilton (2nd time) 2020 - 2022 Derek A. Cook (2nd time) 2022 - 2024 Roland J. Hamilton (3rd time) 2024 - Lisa Young (f) Brokenhead Ojibway Nation
1875 Renamed Brokenhead. 1911 - 1969 Clandeboye Indian Agency established. 1990 Renamed Brokenhead Ojibway Nation. 2005 Casino opened. Chiefs 1871 - 1875 Nashakepenais (1st time) "Flying Dove Bird" 1875 - 1876 Petanaquuap 1876 - 1877 Nashakepenais (2nd time) 1877 - 1878 John Raven 1878 - 1893 Nashakepenais (3rd time) 1894 - af.1899 Squakappow bf.1982 - af.1988 James Bear (1st time) bf.1989 - 1992 Wendell Sinclair (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Deborah G. Chief (f) (1st time) 1994 - af.1998 Wendell Sinclair (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Harvey Olson 2002 - 2006 Tina Levesque (f) 2006 - 2012 Deborah G. Chief (f) (2nd time) 2012 - 2018 James Bear (2nd time) 2018 - 2022 Deborah Smith (f) 2022 - Gordon Bluesky Buffalo Point
1873
Signed the
Treaty No. 3 (Buffalo Bay). Chiefs 1909
Adhesion to
the Treaty No.
5 of 1875
(Oxford
House). 1862
Arrived from
the U.S. 1875
Signed the
Treaty No. 5
(Chemawawin). Cross Lake (Pimicikamak Cree) Dakota Plains ![]() 1862 Arrived from the U.S. 1934 Long Plain Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1972 Renamed Dakota Plains. Chiefs c.1934 - 19.. .... bf.1969 - 1994 Ernest Smoke (headman to 1972)(b. c.1938 - d. 1994) 1994 - 5 Oct 2021 Orville Charles Smoke (b. 1947 - d. 2021) 2021 - Donny Smoke Dakota Tipi ![]() 1972 Separated from Dakota Plains (no treaty). Chiefs 1972 - 1977 .... 1977 - 2002 Dennis Pashe (1st time) 2002 - 2012 Cornell M. Pashe 2012 - 2016 David L. Pashe 2016 - 2018 Keith Pashe 2018 - 2022 Eric Pashe 2022 - Dennis Pashe (2nd time) Dauphin River ![]() 1982 Separated from Little Saskatchewan, under the Treaty No. 2 (Dauphin River). Chiefs 1982 - 198. Joe Anderson bf.1987 - af.1992 Emery Stagg (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Allan Summer 1996 - 2013 Emery Stagg (2nd time) 2013 - 2021 John Stagg 2021 - Lawrence Letander Ebb and Flow
1877 - 1968 Manitowapah (from 1948, Dauphin) Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1871 - 1874 Francois Richard (d. 1874) (Kanahgonash "Broken Finger") 1874 - 1882 Albert Richard (b. c.1851 – d. 1882) (Penaisse "Bird") 1883 - 1887 Baptiste Houle (b. c.1836 – d. 18..) 1887 - 1922 Joseph Houle (b. c.1841 – d. 19..) 1923 - 1930 .... 1930 - 1938 William Mancheese 1938 - 1940 Vacant 1940 - 1958 Abraham Houle 1958 - 1962 .... 1962 - 1964 Willie Mancheese 1964 - 1972 .... 1972 - 1976 James R. Mancheese c.1982 John St.Paul bf.1987 - 1996 Alfred Beaulieu 1996 - af.1998 Louis Malcolm bf.2000 - 2010 Ralph Beaulieu 2010 - 2016 Nelson Houle 2016 - Wayne Desjarlais Fisher River ![]() 1877 Separated from Norway House, under the Treaty No. 5 (Fisher River). Chiefs 1877 – 1904 David Rundle (d. 1904) 1905 – 1917 John Cochrane 1917 – 1921 Joseph Everett 1921 – 1922 Moses McKay 1922 – 1925 Daniel Cochrane 1926 – 1931 James Murdock (1st time) 1931 – 1937 Jeremiah Rundle 1938 – 1940 James Murdock (2nd time) 1940 – 1945 Alex Hudson 1945 – 1953 James Murdock (3rd time) 1953 – 1959 Charles Sinclair (1st time) 1959 – 1963 Solomon Mallett (1st time) 1963 – 1964 George Sinclair 1965 – 1967 Isaac Cochrane 1967 – 1969 Solomon Mallett (2nd time) 1969 – 1973 Charles Sinclair (2nd time) 1973 – 1989 Wesley Hart 1989 – 1991 David G. Crate (1st time) 1991 – 1995 Lorne Cochrane 1995 – 2001 David G. Crate (2nd time) 2001 – 2003 Sam Murdock 2003 - David G. Crate (3rd time) Fort Alexander ![]() 1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Fort Alexander). 2009 Sagkeeng First Nation name informally adopted. Chiefs 1871 - 1897 William Mann (d. 1897) (Kakekapenais "Bird Forever") 1898 - 1922 William Mann, Jr. (d. 1922) 1922 - 1926 Vacant 1926 - 1929 James Joseph 1929 - 1930 Joseph Kent 1930 - 1933 Joseph Courchene 1933 - 1938 Xavier Spence 1938 - 1946 John Thompson (1st time) 1946 - 1947 Paul Courchene (1st time) 1947 - 1952 John Thompson (2nd time) 1952 - 1954 William C. Bruyere 1954 - 1958 Paul Courchene (2nd time) 1958 - 1960 Edward Henderson 1960 - 1962 Paul Courchene (3rd time) 1962 - 1964 Gordon Bruyere 1964 - 1966 Albert Fontaine 1966 - 1968 David Courchene (b. 1926 – d. 1992) 1968 - 1969 Andrew J. Sinclair 1969 - 1972 George Guimond 1972 - 1976 L. Phillip Fontaine (b. 1944) 1976 - 1978 Lawrence Morriseau 1978 - 1980 Ted J. Fontaine 1980 - 1982 Edwin H. Bruyere 1982 Perry Fontaine (acting) 1982 - 1989 Kenneth Courchene 1989 - 1998 Jerry Fontaine 1998 - 2001 Ronald Fontaine (acting to 1999) 2001 - 2004 Garry Swampy 2004 - 2005 Joseph Daniels (acting) 2005 - 2007 Linda J. Twoheart (f) 2007 - 2015 Donavan C. Fontaine 2015 - 2023 Derrick Henderson 2023 - Elmer "E.J." Fontaine Fox Lake ![]() 1947 Separated from York Factory, under the Treaty No. 5 (Fox Lake). Chiefs 1947 - 19.. .... c.1975 Thomas Nepetaybo (1st time) bf.1982 - af.1991 Robert Wavey (1st time) c.1992 Thomas Nepetaybo (2nd time) 199. - 1993 Robert Wavey (2nd time) 1993 – 1995 Norman Kirkness (1st time) 1995 - 1996 Robert Wavey (3rd time) 1996 - af.1997 Norman Kirkness (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Ralph Beardy 2002 - 2005 Robert Wavey (4th time) 2005 - 2010 George Neepin 2010 - 2012 Shirley Neepin (f) 2012 - 2019 Walter Spence 2019 - 2020 Billy Beardy 2020 - Morris Beardy Gambler
Chiefs 1881 - 1907 John Tanner (headman) (d. 1916) (Atakawinin "The Gambler") 1907 - 1975 Vacant bf.1982 - af.1990 James J. Tanner (1st time) bf.1991 - 1992 Louis Tanner (1st time) 1992 – 199. Albert Tanner bf.1994 - 1996 James J. Tanner (2nd time) 1996 - af.1998 Louis Tanner (2nd time) c.2005 Kenny Ducharme bf.2007 - 2008 George Tanner 2008 - 2013 Gordon Ledoux 2013 - David A. Ledoux Garden Hill ![]() 1909 Adherence to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Island Lake Band). 1958 – 1970 Island Lake Indian Agency established. 1969 Renamed Garden Hill. Chiefs 1909 - 1917 George Knott 1917 – 1920 Vacant 1920 – 1928 Allan Wood 1929 – 1930 James Loonfoot 1931 - 1953 Henry Fiddler (b. 1890 – d. 1976) 1953 – 1954 Sandy Flett 1955 – 1963 Alfred McDougall (1st time) 1963 – 1967 Zackius Harper 1967 – 1968 Alfred McDougall (2nd time) 1968 – 1969 Charlie Knott (1st time) 1969 – 1970 Isaiah Harper (1st time) 1970 – 1974 Charlie Knott (2nd time) 1974 – 1976 Isaiah Harper (2nd time) 1976 – 1980 Charlie Knott (3rd time) 1980 – 1982 George Munroe 1982 – 1984 Larry E. Monias 1984 – 1988 Percy Flett 1988 – 1989 Isaiah Harper (3rd time) 1989 – 1991 Jack Fiddler (1st time) 1991 – 1995 Geordie Little 1995 - 1996 Jack Fiddler (2nd time) 1996 – 1997 Harvey Fiddler 1997 – 1998 Larry Monias 1998 - 2000 David Harper (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Darcy Wood 2002 - 2004 Russell Harper 2004 - 2006 David Harper (2nd time) 2006 - 2008 Dino Flett (1st time) 2008 - Aug 2009 David Harper (3rd time) 2009 - 2013 Dino Flett (2nd time) 8 Feb 2013 - Mar 2014 Buddy Beardy 2014 - 2016 Arnold Flett 2016 - 2021 Dino Flett (3rd time) 2021 - 2024 Charles Knott 2024 - Dino Flett (4th time) God's Lake ![]() 1909 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (God's Lake). Chiefs 1909 – 19.. Peter Watt c.1982 Douglas Hastings bf.1987 - af.1988 David Nazzie c.1989 Alex Okemow bf.1990 - af.1992 Peter Watt (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Thomas Clarke 1996 – 199. Peter Watt (2nd time) c.1997 Peter Andrews bf.2000 - 2004 Gilbert G. Andrews (1st time) 2004 – 2006 Eugene Captain 2006 – 2010 Gilbert G. Andrews (2nd time) 2010 – 2012 Peter Watt (3rd time) 2012 - 2020 Gilbert G. Andrews (3rd time) 2020 - 2024 Hubert Watt 2024 - Gilbert G. Andrews (4th time) Hollow Water ![]() 1884 Separated from Bloodvein, under the Treaty No. 5 (Hollow Water). Chiefs bf.1896 - 1899 Henry Black (headman) 1899 - 19.. John Hardisty bf.1982 - af.1992 Roderick Bushie (1st time) (b. 1953 – d. 2013) bf.1994 - 1996 Larry Barker (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Roderick Bushie (2nd time) (s.a.) bf.2000 - af.2002 Larry Barker (2nd time) bf.2004 - 2008 Ian Bushie 2008 - 2014 Larry Barker (3rd time) 2014 - 2016 Derek L. Bushie 2016 - Larry Barker (4th time) 1871
Signed the
Treaty No. 2
(Riding
Mountain). 1884
Separated from
Bloodvein,
under the
Treaty No. 5
(Jackhead). 1871
Signed the
Treaty No. 2
(Lake
Manitoba).
1871
Signed the
Treaty No. 2
(Lake St.
Martin). 1930
Separated from
Berens River,
under the
Treaty No. 5 1878
Separated from
Pinaymootang,
under the
Treaty No. 2 Long Plain Manto Sipi Cree Nation (God's River)
1976
Separated from
God's Lake,
under the
Treaty No. 5 1995
Separated from
Mathias
Colomb, under
the Treaty No.
6 1910
Separated from
Peter
Ballantyne,
under the
Treaty No. 6 Misipawistik Cree Nation (Grand
Rapids) 1876
Signed the
Treaty No. 5
of 1875 (Grand
Rapids). Mosakahiken Cree Nation 1908
Adhesion to
the Treaty No.
5 of 1875
(Nelson
House). 1980
Separated from
Barren Lands,
under the
Treaty No. 10 Norway House Cree Nation
1875
Signed
the Treaty No. 5 (Norway House), confirmed in 1908. Chiefs 1879
Separated from
Ebb and Flow,
under the
Treaty No. 2 2005
Separated from
Nisichawayasihk,
under the
Treaty No. 5 1876
Signed the
Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (The Pas). Pauingassi Peguis
1817
Treaty of alliance
with the British by the Red River Head chiefs of Red River Saulteaux 1871
Signed the
Treaty No. 2 (Fairford). Minegoziibe Anishinabe (Pince Creek) 1880
Separated from Keeseekoose, under the Treaty No. 4
(Duck Bay). 1875
Signed the
Treaty No. 5 (Poplar River).
1969
Separated from
Garden Hill, under the Treaty No. 5 1882
Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4
1871
Signed
the Treaty No. 1 (Pembina). 1969
Separated from Garden
Hill, under the Treaty No. 5 1876
Separated
from Long Plain, under the Treaty No. 1 (Sandy Bay).
1912
Separated from The Key, under the Treaty No. 4 (Shoal
River). 1910
Adhesion to
the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Fort Churchill). 1947
Separated from York Factory, under the Treaty No. 5 1863
Arrived from
the U.S. 1873
Separated from Ebb and Flow, under the Treaty No. 2
(Waterhen). 1876
Separated from Long Plain, under the Treaty No. 1
(Swan Lake). 1908
Adhesion to
the Treaty No.
5 of 1875
(Split Lake). 1894
Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4
1982
Separated from
Tataskweyak,
under the
Treaty No. 5
(War Lake). 1969
Separated from
Garden Hill,
under the
Treaty No. 5 1874
Signed
the Treaty No. 4 (Waywayseecappo). 1982
Separated
from Sapotaweyak, under the Treaty No. 4 1910
Adhesion to
the Treaty No.
5 of 1875
(York
Factory). New Brunswick Note: The relations between the Micmac and Maliseet and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of the Micmac, see Eskasoni in Nova Scotia; the same for Maliseet, see Kingsclear. All reserves in New Brunswick were considered a single Indian band by Canada until 1892. Buctouche MicMac 18th cent. Known as Shediac. 1810 Buctouche reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2018 Renamed Buctouche MicMac. Chiefs c.1726 Jerome Atonash c.1761 Claude Atonash bf.1832 - af.1841 Noel John bf.1897 - af.1934 Vacant c.1970 Angus Sappier bf.1982 - af.1988 Agnes Sanipass (f) bf.1989 - af.1997 William Sanipass bf.2002 - 2006 Garry Sanipass 2006 - 2021 Ann M. Simon (f) (from 2015, Ann M. Steele) 2021 - Brenton Leblanc Natoaganeg (Eel Ground)
1789 Replaced by Eel Ground reserve (gave name to band). 1872 - 1971 Northeastern (from 1949, Miramichi) Indian Agency established. 2022 Renamed Natoaganeg. Chiefs c.1761 Joseph Sabecholuet c.1764 Louis Francis 1779 - 1805 John Julian (d. 1805) 1805 - 1807 Vacant 1807 - 1836 Andrew Julian 1836 - 1841 Barnaby Julian (d. 1854) 1841 - 1868 Nicholas Julian (d. 1868) 1868 - 1888 John N. Julian (b. 1814 – d. 1888) 1888 - 1894 Thomas Barnaby (b. 1841 – d. 1907) 1894 - 1903 Peter N. Julian (1st time) (b. 1852 – d. 1938) 1903 - 1906 Peter Ginnish 1906 - 1909 Peter N. Julian (2nd time) (s.a.) 1910 - 1921 Peter Tenass 1922 - 1926 Daniel Paul (1st time) 1926 - 1932 .... 1932 - 1935 Peter J. McKay 1935 - 1947 Daniel Paul (2nd time) 1948 - 1951 Gilbert Patles 1951 - 1955 Daniel Paul (3rd time) 1955 - 1956 Moses Paul (1st time) 1956 - 1958 Daniel Paul (4th time) 1958 - 1964 Moses Paul (2nd time) 1964 - 1966 William Barnaby 1966 - 1968 Howard McKay 1968 - 1969 Joe Larry 1969 Wilson Simonson 1969 - 1972 Richard M. Ginnish 1972 - 1978 Michael Martin 1978 - 1980 Alex W. Ward 1980 - 1996 Roger J. Augustine 1996 - George H. Ginnish Eel River Bar ![]() 1807 Eel River reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1992/1997 Renamed Eel River Bar. Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1899 Vacant bf.1962 - 1970 Alfred Narvie 1970 - 197. Margaret Labillois (f) (b. 1923 - d. 2013) 1977 - 2013 T. Everett Martin (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Mary L. Labillois (f) 2015 - 2019 T. Everett Martin (2nd time) 2019 - 2023 Sacha Labillois (f) 2023 - John C. Caplin Elsipogtog ![]() 1805 Richibucto reserve set side. c.1870 Known as Big Cove (became name of band). 2004 Renamed Elsipogtog. Chiefs c.1640 - c.1670 Denis c.1726 Pierre Martin bf.1759 - af.1761 Michel Augustine c.1810 Peter Joseph c.1842 Noel A. Athanasse c.1879 Noel Millia bf.1894 - af.1899 Thomas Joseph c.1923 Tom E. Sanipass 1967 - 1993 Albert Levy 1993 - 199. Vincent Simon bf.1996 - 2004 Robert L. Levy 2004 - 2008 Susan Levy-Peters (f) 2008 - 2012 Jesse J. Simon 2012 - Arren J. Sock Esgenoopetitj ![]() 18th cent. Known as Pokemouche. 1802 Burnt Church reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2010 Renamed Esgenoopetitj. Chiefs c.1761 Etienne Apshobon c.1841 Noel Briot c.1892 Peter Louis bf.1895 - af.1899 Peter Joseph c.1919 Paul Taylor c.1959 Edmund Francis bf.1966 - af.1970 Frank Paul bf.1982 - af.1992 J. Wilbur Dedam (1st time) c.1997 Burton Nartin bf.2002 - 2012 J. Wilbur Dedam (2nd time) 2012 - Alvery M. Paul Fort Folly 1825 Aboushagan reserve set aside. 1840 Replaced by Fort Folly reserve (gave name to band). Chiefs 1837 - af.1841 Peter Bernard 1874 - 1898 Samuel Thomas (d. 1898) 1899 - 1902 David Bernard 1902 - 19.. Vacant bf.1970 - 1977 William J. Knockwood (b. 1925 – d. 1996) 1977 - 1979 J. Henry Knockwood (b. 1926 – d. 2004) 1979 - 1990 Stephenson Bernard 1990 - 1997 Camille D. Thomas 1997 - 2003 Joseph E. Knockwood (1st time)(b. 1939) 2003 - 2006 Hugh Knockwood (b. 1939) 2006 - 2013 Joseph E. Knockwood (2nd time)(s.a.) 2013 - Rebecca Knockwood (f) Indian Island 1823/1867 Indian Island reserve set aside (gave name to band). Chiefs bf.1897 - 1903 Peter Barlow (d. 1903) 1903 - c.1940 .... c.1940 - af.1982 Peter J. Barlow (b. 1920 – d. 2000) bf.1987 - 2006 W. Paul Barlow 2006 - Kenneth Barlow Bilijk (Kingsclear) c.1650 Maliseet (Malecite) in alliance with the French. 1725 Ally (later, subject) of the British. 1775 - 1777 Maliseet briefly allied with the U.S. 1779 Aukpaque reserve set aside (lost in 1794). 1814 Kingsclear reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1872 - 1971 Kingsclear (to 1949, Southwestern; from 1958, St. John River) Indian Agency established. 2022 Renamed Bilijk. Chiefs of St. John River c.1713 Pierre c.1726 Joseph Nipimoit c.1763 Louis Lamoureux Grand chiefs of the Maliseet (title: K'ci Sagam) 1764 - 1780 Pierre Tomah I (d. 1780) 1781 - 1813 Pierre Tomah II (b. c.1734 – d. af.1827) (also styled as Governor) Chiefs of Kingsclear 1813 - 1844 Francis Tomah I (d. 1844) 1844 - 1889 Francis Tomah II (d. 1889) 1890 - 1893 Noel J. Sappier 1893 - 1896 Andrew Paul (1st time) (d. 1907) 1896 - 1899 John Solomon 1899 - 1907 Andrew Paul (2nd time) (s.a.) 19.. - 1912 Peter Paul c.1928 Arthur J. Polchies 1930 - 1945 William Polchies c.1970 Richard Polchies bf.1982 - af.1992 Stephen Sacobie bf.1997 - af.2002 Robert J. Atwin bf.2008 - 2012 Paul Tomer 2012 - Gabriel J. Atwin Madawaska Maliseet
1956 Separated from Tobique (Edmundston). 1993/1997 Renamed Madawaska Maliseet. Chiefs 1956 - 1961 Noel Francis 1961 - 1967 Noel Francis, Jr. 1967 - 1969 Harold Bernard 1969 - 1973 John Wallace (1st time) 1973 - 1974 Floyd Bernard (1st time) 1974 - 1977 John Wallace (2nd time) 1977 - 1985 Norman Simon 1985 - 1987 Margaret Bernard (f) 1987 - 1993 J. Richard Wallace 1993 - 1995 Jean G. Simon (1st time) 1995 - 1997 Floyd Bernard (2nd time) 1997 John Wallace (3rd time) 1997 - 1999 Floyd Bernard (3rd time) 1999 - 2003 Jean G. Simon (2nd time) 2003 - 2013 Joanna Bernard (f) 2013 - Patricia Bernard (f) Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq ![]() 1783 Red Bank reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2003 Renamed Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation. Chiefs c.1783 - 1830 Francis Julian (d. 1830) 1830 - 1836 Mitchell Julian 1836 - 1854 Barnaby Julian (d. 1854) 1854 - 18.. Francis B. Julian 18.. - 1893 Francis S. Julian (d. 1893) 1893 - 1896 Vacant 1896 - 1905 John P. Tenass (1st time) (b. 1849 – d. 1928) 1905 - 190. Charles Cloud 1908 - 1920 John P. Tenass (2nd time) (s.a.) 1920 - 19.. Mitchell Tenass 1952 - 1954 Joseph M. Augustine (1st time)(b. 1911 - d. 1995) 1954 - 1956 .... 1956 - 1958 Joseph M. Augustine (2nd time)(s.a.) c.1970 Donald Ward bf.1982 - af.1988 Gerald L. Levy bf.1989 - af.1992 Michael Ward bf.1997 - af.2002 Michael Augustine 200. - 2004 Joseph F. Ward (1st time) 2004 - 2010 Noah C. Augustine (b. 1971 - d. 2010) 2010 - 2010 Joseph F. Ward (2nd time) 2014 - William J. Ward Oromocto ![]() 1895 Oromocto reserve set aside. 1920 Separated from Saint Mary's (Oromocto). Chiefs 1920 - 19.. .... c.1946 John S. Paul bf.1959 - af.1970 John Sacobie c.1982 Manuel Polchies c.1987 Gorley J. Sark bf.1988 - af.1997 Rupert J. Sacobie bf.2002 - 2013 A. Roger Atwin 2013 - 2015 Joe Sacobie 2015 - Shelly M. Sabattis (f) Pabineau ![]() 1841 Pabineau (to c.1916 also known as Bathurst) reserve set aside (gave name to band). Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1899 Alexander Presque c.1970 Hector Prisk c.1982 Gilbert Sewell bf.1987 - af.1992 Paul B. Peter c.1997 Benjamin P. Paul bf.2002 - 2004 John H. Paul 2004 - 2020 David Peter-Paul 2020 - Terry Richardson Saint Mary's
1902 Separated from Kingsclear (Saint Mary's). Chiefs 1902 - 1905 Anthony Sacobie 1905 - 190. Louis Sacobie 1909 - 1915 Noel J. Sacobie 1915 - 19.. Solomon Brooks 19.. - 1935 Noel Polchies 1935 - 19.. Fred Paul (1st time) c.1946 Solomon Polchies c.1953 Andrew M. Paul c.1960 Roger Paul c.1961 Fred Paul (2nd time) 1964 - 1984 Harold Sappier bf.1987 - af.1991 Richard J. Polchies c.1992 Douglas W. Brooks bf.1997 - af.2002 Arthur E. Bear bf.2008 - 2018 Candice S. Paul (f) 2018 - Allen Polchies Tobique
1889 - 1958 Tobique (to 1949, Northern) Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1862 - 1899 Frank John Francis (b. 1831 – d. 1899) 1899 - 1902 Frank I. Francis 1902 - 190. John Ellis (1st time) c.1904 Frank Lockwood (1st time) c.1905 John Ellis (2nd time) bf.1911 - 1914 Frank Lockwood (2nd time) 1914 - 1917 Frank Francis 1917 - 1920 Frank Lockwood (3rd time) 1920 - 1923 John Solis 1923 - 1926 Solomon Bear 1926 - 1929 Charles Saulis 1929 - 1932 Noel P. Bear 1932 - 1935 Gabriel Perley 1935 - 1942 William Saulis (1st time) 1942 - 1945 Peter J. Bear 1945 - 1953 William Saulis (2nd time) 1953 - 1955 Simon Perley 1955 - 1957 William Saulis (3rd time) 1957 - 1961 Philip Sappier 1961 - 1965 Raymond Tremblay 1965 - 1967 Charles Paul 1967 - 1977 Dennis Nicholas 1977 - 1978 Vaughan Nicholas 1978 - 1983 George Francis 1983 - 1989 David Perley 1989 - 1995 Stewart C. Paul (1st time) 1995 - 1999 Edwin A. Bernard 1999 - 2001 Patrick C. Francis 2001 - 2006 Stewart C. Paul (2nd time) 2006 - 2008 Gerald C. Bear 2008 - 2012 Stewart C. Paul (3rd time) 2012 - 2014 Brenda Perley (f) 2014 - Ross L. Perley Woodstock 1807 Meductic reserve set aside (lost af.1827). 1851 Woodstock reserve set aside. 1913 Separated from Tobique (Woodstock). Chiefs 1913 - 1916 Michael Paul 1916 - 1919 William Polchies 1919 - 1922 Andrew Pelkie 1922 - 1925 Noel Polchies 1925 - 1929 Michael DeVeau 1929 - 1932 Doc Polchies 1932 - 1934 Frank Polchies 1934 - 1937 Noel Moulton 1937 - 1943 Wilfred Sappier 1943 - 1946 Oliver J. Polchies (1st time) 1946 - 1947 Patrick Polchies 1947 - 1967 Oliver J. Polchies (2nd time) 1967 - 1969 Randolph Paul 1969 - 1971 Oliver J. Polchies (3rd time) 1971 - 1973 Louis Paul 1973 - 1975 Oliver J. Polchies (4th time) 1975 - 1985 Winston Paul 1985 - 1997 Paul L. Tomah (1st time) 1997 - 1999 Patrick C. Francis 1999 - 2001 Ken Tomah 2001 - 2011 Jeffrey Tomah 2011 - 2015 Paul L. Tomah (2nd time) 2015 - Timothy P. Paul Newfoundland and Labrador 1984 Recognized by Canada (Miawpukek). Chiefs (Saqamaw)(from 1924, informal) 21 Jul 1860 - 1880 Maurice Louis (b. 1802 - d. 1880) 1880 - 1900 Joe Bernard (b. 1812 - d. 1900) 1900 - 1 Dec 1918 Reuben Lewis (b. 1852 - d. 1918) 26 Jul 1919 - 1944 Newell Jeddore (b. 1865 - d. 1944) 1945 Andrew Joe (refused office) (b. 1889 - d. 1960) 1945 - 1954 Joe Jeddore (b. 1883 - d. 1956) 1954 - 1971 Peter F. Jeddore (b. 1892 - d. 1971) 1971 - 1973 Vacant Presidents 1973 - 1974 John N. Jeddore (b. 1922) 1974 - 1975 Walter John (b. 1926) Chiefs 1975 - Dec 1982 William Joe (b. 1925 - d. 1982) 7 Jan 1983 - 1988 Michael (Mise'l) Joe (1st time)(b. 1947) 1988 - 1990 Marilyn John (f) 1990 - 1992 Shane McDonald 1992 - 1994 Geraldine Kelly (f) 1994 - 2024 Mise'l Joe (2nd time) (s.a.) 2024 - Brad Benoit Mushuau Innu
2002 Recognized by Canada (Mushuau Innu). Chiefs bf.1965 - af.1969 Joseph Rich 1992 - 1994 Katie Rich (f) (1st time) 1994 - 1995 Simeon A. Tshakapesh (1st time) 1995 - 1997 Katie Rich (f) (2nd time) 1997 - 1998 Prote Poker (1st time) 1998 - 2000 Mark Nui 2000 David Nui 2000 - 2004 Simeon A. Tshakapesh (2nd time) 2004 - 2007 Simon Pokue 2007 - 2010 Prote Poker (2nd time) 2010 - 2013 Simeon A. Tshakapesh (3rd time) 2013 - 2016 Gregory Rich 2016 - John Nui Qalipu Mi’kmaq established as of 2024. Chiefs 2011 - 2015 Brendan Sheppard 2015 - 2023 Brendan Mitchell 2023 - Jennifer Brake (f) (acting to 2024) Sheshatshiu Innu 2002 Recognized by Canada (Sheshatshiu Innu). Chiefs c.1965 Antuan Ashini bf.1997 - 2004 Paul Rich 2004 - 2010 Anastasia Qupee (f) 2010 - 2012 Sebastien Benuen 2012 - 2015 Andrew Penashue 2015 - 2023 Eugene Hart (1st time) 2023 - 2024 Etienne Rich 2024 - Eugene Hart (2nd time) Northwest Territories Acho Dene Koe 1922 Signed the Treaty No. 11 of 1921 (Fort Liard), no reserve. 1992/97 Renamed Acho Dene Koe. Chiefs 1922 - 19.. Thomas Ekinla bf.1971 - af.1973 Daniel Lomen 1975 - af.1980 Harry Deneron (1st time) c.1982 William Betthale (1st time) c.1987 Victor Jumbo c.1988 William Betthale (2nd time) c.1990 Frank Kotchea c.1991 Harry Deneron (2nd time) c.1992 Steven Kotchea (1st time) 199. - 1999 Harry Deneron (3rd time) 1999 - 2002 Judy Kotchea (f) 2002 - 2005 Floyd Bertrand 2005 - 2008 Harry Deneron (4th time) 2008 - 2012 Steven Kotchea (2nd time) 2012 - 2017 Harry Deneron (5th time) 2017 - 2021 Eugene Hope (1st time) 2021 - 2024 Brenda Berreault (f) 2024 - Eugene Hope (2nd time) Aklavik 1958 - 1966 Aklavik Indian Agency established. 1974 Separated from Fort McPherson (Aklavik), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 1992 Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. Chiefs 1974 - 1986 Frederick G. Greenland 1986 - 1987 Ruth Stewart (f) 1987 - 2000 Eugene A. Pascal 2000 - 2008 Charles Furlong 2008 - 2010 Mildred Edwards (f) 2010 - 2016 Danny D. Greenland (1st time) 2016 - 2020 Eddie Greenland 2020 - 2024 Danny D. Greenland (2nd time) 2024 - Randy R. Edwards Behdzi Ahda ![]() 1994 Separated from Fort Good Hope (Behdzi Ahda'), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 1994 Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. Chiefs 1994 - 2001 Richard P. Kochon (1st time) 2001 Dora Duncan (f) 2001 - 2002 Sharon Tutcho (f) (acting) 2002 - 2013 Richard P. Kochon (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Alvin J. Orlias 2015 - 2022 Wilbert Kochon 2022 - Richard P. Kochon (3rd time) Dechi Laot'i (Wekweeti) ![]() 1996 Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Dechi Laot'i), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 2005 Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Wekweeti (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs 1996 - 199. .... 1998/99 - 2005 Joseph Judas 2005 - 2013 Charles Football (1st time) 2013 - 2017 Johnny Arrowmaker 2017 - 2021 Charles Football (2nd time) 2021 - Adeline Football (f) Deh Gah Got'ie Dene 1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Providence), no reserve. 1992/97 Renamed Deh Gáh Got'îê Dene. Chiefs 1921 - 19.. Paul Lafoine c.1955 Vital Bonnetrouge (1st time) c.1973 Vital Bonnetrouge (2nd time) 1976 - af.1981 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (1st time) c.1982 James Thom (1st time) c.1985 Phillip Simba 198. - 1987 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (2nd time) 1987 - af.1988 James Thom (2nd time) bf.1989 - 1991 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (3rd time) c.1992 Bernadette Landry (f)(1st time) 1997 - 2001 Greg Nyuli 2001 - 2003 Sam Gargan 2003 - 2009 Bernadette Landry (f)(2nd time) 2009 - 2011 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (4th time) 2011 - 2013 Wayne Sabourin 2013 - 2017 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (5th time) 2017 - 2019 Xavier Canadien 2019 - 2021 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (6th time) 2021 - Michael Vandell Deline
Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 1993 Renamed Deline. 1994 Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. 2015 Self-government agreement (from 2016, governed by the Déline Got'ine Government; the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs 1973 - 1983 George Kodakin (d. 1992) 1983 - 1985 George Blondin (b. 1922 - d. 2008) c.1987 Paul Baton c.1988 George Cleary c.1990 John Tetso bf.1991 - af.1993 Raymond A. Taniton (1st time) bf.1995 - 1997 Raymond Tutcho (1st time) 1997 - 1999 Raymond A. Taniton (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Leeroy Andre (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Raymond Tutcho (2nd time) 2003 - 2005 Walter Bayha 2005 - 2006 Charlie Neyelle 2006 - 2007 Dolphus Baton (acting) 2007 - 2012 Raymond Tutcho (3rd time) 2012 - 2015 Leonard Kenny 2015 - 2018 Raymond Tutcho (4th time) 2018 - 2022 Leeroy Andre (2nd time) 2022 - Daniel L. Gaudet Deninu K'ue ![]() 1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Resolution), no reserve. 1924 – 1953 Fort Resolution Indian Agency established. 1992 Renamed Deninu K'ué. Chiefs 1900 Louison Dosnoir 1900 - 1915 Vital Lamoelle (1st time) 1915 - 1916 Barmoule Lemoule 1916 - 1917 Vital Lamoelle (2nd time) 1917 - 1923 Paulette Chandelle 1923 - 1940 Jean Pascal Nadjere 1940 - 1949 Boniface Alphonse 1949 - 1960 Vacant 1960 - 1967 Alexander King 1967 - 1971 James L. Villeneuve 1971 - 1972 Vacant 1972 - 1978 Edward Sayine 1978 - 1979 Robert G. Sayine (1st time) 1979 - 1981 Raymond Simon 1981 - 1989 Robert G. Sayine (2nd time) 1989 - 1993 Bernadette Unka (f) 1993 - 2001 Don W. Balsillie 2001 - 2006 Robert G. Sayine (3rd time) 2006 - 2007 William R. Norn 2007 - Louis M. Balsillie Dog Rib Rae (Behchoko)
1921 Signed the Treaty No.11 (Dog Rib Rae), no reserve. 2005 Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Behchokò (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs 1921 - 1934 Zephirin Monfwi (b. 1866 - d. 1936) 1934 - 1969 Jimmy Bruneau (b. 1881 - d. 1975) 1969 - 1971 .... 1971 - 1976 Alexis Arrowmaker 1976 - 19.. Charlie Charlo bf.1980 - 1982 Joe Migwi 1982 - 198. Philip Huskey bf.1983 - af.1989 Joseph Rabesca (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1992 Edward Erasmus c.1994 Joseph Rabesca (2nd time) 1997 - 1998 Joseph Judas 1998 - 2000 Joseph Rabesca (3rd time) 2000 - 2004 Eddie P. Rabesca (d. 2004) 2004 - 2005 Clifford J. Daniels (1st time) 2005 - 2009 Leon Lafferty 2009 - 2025 Clifford J. Daniels (2nd time) 2025 - Bertha Rabesca-Zoe (f) Fort Good Hope 1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Good Hope), no reserve. 1931 - 1938 Fort Good Hope Indian Agency established. 1994 Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. Chiefs 1921 - 19.. Simeon Tseleie c.1973 Charlie Barnaby (1st time) bf.1975 - af.1980 Frank Tseleie (1st time) c.1982 Edward Grandjambe bf.1987 - af.1989 Charlie Barnaby (2nd time) c.1990 Frank Tseleie (2nd time) bf.1991 - 1993 Everett Kakfwi (1st time) 1993 - 1995 Isadore Manuel 1995 - 1997 John Tseleie 1997 - 1999 Everett Kakfwi (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Delphine Pierrot (f) 2001 - 2003 Frank Tseleie (3rd time) 2003 - 2007 Ron Pierrot 2007 - 2009 Frank Tseleie (4th time) 2009 - 2011 Arthur Tobac 2011 - 2013 Wilfred G. McNeely (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Greg Laboucan 2015 - 2019 Wilfred G. McNeely (2nd time) 2019 - 2021 Daniel Masuzumi 2021 - 2022 Thomas Kakfwi 2022 - 2023 Lucy Jackson (f) (interim) 2023 - Collin Pierrot Gameti ![]() 1996 Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Gameti), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 2005 Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Gameti (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs 1996 - 1999 A. Henry Gon (1st time) 1999 - 2005 Archie Wetrade 2005 - 2009 A. Henry Gon (2nd time) 2009 - 2013 Edward Chocolate 2013 - 2021 David Wedawin 2021 - Doreen Arrowmaker (f) Gwichya Gwich'in 1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Arctic Red River), no reserve. 1992 Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. 1994 Renamed Gwichya Gwich'in. Chiefs 1921 - 1936 Paul Niditchie 1936 - 1941 Joe Bernard 1942 - 1944 Hyacinthe Andre (1st time) (b. 1910 - d. 2006) 1944 Andre Coyen (d. 1944) 1945 – 1980 Hyacinthe Andre (2nd time) (s.a.) 1980 - 1982 Napoleon "Nap" Norbert (b. 1917 - d. 2003) 1983 - 1990 Grace Blake (f) (1st time) 1990 Louisa Andre (f) 1990 – 1993 Peter Ross (1st time) 1993 – 1996 Grace Blake (f) (2nd time) 1996 - 1998 Morris Blake 1998 - 2000 Grace Blake (f) (3rd time) 2000 - 2007 Peter Ross (2nd time) 2007 - 2011 Frederick Blake 2011 - 2018 Phillip Blake (1st time) 2018 - 2019 Russel Andre 2019 - Phillip Blake (2nd time) Inuvik 1982 Separated from Aklavik (Inuvik), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 1992 Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. Chiefs 1982 - 1991 CeCe McCauley (f) 1991 - 2003 James B. Firth 2003 - 2008 Richard Nerysoo 2008 - 2017 Herbert P. Blake 2017 - 2020 Larry Neyando 2020 - Robert Charlie-Tetlichi Jean Marie River ![]() 1991 Separated from Fort Simpson (Jean Marie River), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. Chiefs 1991 - 199. Stanley Sanguez (1st time) bf.1997 - 2000 Yvonne Norwegian (f) 2000 - 2002 Stanley Sanguez (2nd time) 2002 - 2005 Fred Norwegian 2005 - 2008 Stanley Sanguez (3rd time) 2008 - 2011 Isidore Simon 2011 - 2014 Stanley Sanguez (4th time) 2014 - 2018 Gladys M. Norwegian (f) 2018 - 2021 Stanley Sanguez (5th time) 2021 - 2023 Nolene Hardisty (f) 2023 - Melanie Norwegian (f) Ka'a'gee Tu ![]() 1992 Separated from Fort Providence (Ka'a'gee Tu), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. Chief 1992 - Lloyd G. Chicot K'atl'odeeche ![]() 1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Hay River). 1992/97 Renamed Hay River Dene. 1999 Renamed K'atl'odeeche. Chiefs 1900 - 19.. "Sunrise" c.1926 Lamalice c.1949 Casimir Lamalice c.19.. John Lamalice 1965 - 1971 Edward Fabian (b. 1919 – d. 2004) 1971 - af.1974 Daniel Sonfrere c.1980 Patrick Martel (1st time) c.1982 Ted Bugghins bf.1987 - 1988 Patrick Martel (2nd time) 1988 - 1990 Roy J. Fabian (1st time) 1990 - 2002 Patrick Martel (3rd time) 2002 - 2006 Roy J. Fabian (2nd time) 2006 - 2009 Alec Sunrise 2009 - 2018 Roy J. Fabian (3rd time) 2018 - 2024 April Martel (f) 2024 - Elaine Auger (f) Liidlii Kue
1911 - 1966 Fort Simpson Indian Agency established (closed 1953-1961). 1997 Renamed Łíídlii Kué. Chiefs 1921 - 19.. Antoine Nakekon bf.1959 - 1974 Baptiste Cazon 1974 - 1977 James L. Antoine (1st time) 1977 - 1979 .... 1979 - 1985 James L. Antoine (2nd time) 1985 - 1989 Gerald Antoine (1st time) 1989 - 19.. James L. Antoine (3rd time) c.1990 Alfred Horesay c.1991 James L. Antoine (4th time) c.1992 Gerald Antoine (2nd time) 199. - 1997 Herbert A. Norwegian 1997 - 2003 Rita Cli (f) 2003 - 2009 Keyna Norwegian (f) (1st time) 2009 - 2012 James L. Antoine (5th time) 2012 - 2013 Keyna Norwegian (f) (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Minnie Letcher (f) 2015 - 2021 Gerald Antoine (3rd time) 2021 - Kele Antoine Lutsel K'e Dene ![]() 1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Dogrib of Resolution), no reserve. c.1960 Renamed Snowdrift. 1992 Renamed Łutsël K'é Dene. Chiefs 1900 - 1915 Henry Snuff (d. 1915) 1915 – 1926 Joseph Baptiste 1926 – 1931 François Lockhart 1931 – 1933 John J. Lockhart 1934 – 1935 Jean Marie Beaulieu (d. 1935) 1936 – 1960 Pierre Frise 1961 – 1967 Joseph Lockhart (1st time) 1967 – 1971 Pierre Catholique 1971 – 1979 Joseph Lockhart (2nd time) 1979 – 1982 Phillip Desjarlais 1982 – 1990 Felix J. Lockhart (1st time) 1990 – 1994 Antoine Michel (1st time) 1994 – 2000 Felix J. Lockhart (2nd time) 2000 – 2002 Florence Catholique (f) 2002 – 2006 Archie Catholique 2006 – 2008 Adeline Jonasson (f) 2008 – 2010 Steven Nitah 2010 – 2012 Antoine Michel (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Dora Enzoe (f) 2014 - 2017 Felix J. Lockhart (3rd time) 2017 - 2022 Darryl Marlowe 2022 - James Marlowe Nahanni Butte ![]() 1990 Separated from Fort Liard (Nahanni Butte), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. Chiefs 1990 David Konisenta 1990 - af.1992 Peter D. Marcellais (1st time) bf.1997 - 1998 Leon H. Konisenta (1st time) 1998 - 2000 Peter D. Marcellais (2nd time) 2000 - 2004 Leon H. Konisenta (2nd time) 2004 Peter D. Marcellais (3rd time) 2004 - 2007 Eric Betsaka 2007 - 2009 Morris Vital 2009 - 2012 Fred J. Tesou 2012 - 2013 Clayton Konisenta 2013 - 2015 Michael Matou 2015 - 2018 Peter D. Marcellais (4th time) 2018 - 2021 Darrell Betsaka 2021 - Steve Vital Pehdzeh Ki 1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Wrigley), no reserve. 1992/97 Renamed Pehdzeh Ki. Chiefs 1921 - 19.. Julian Yendo c.1973 David Horsey bf.1980 - af.1982 Gabriel Hardisty (1st time) c.1987 Timothy Lennie (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Gabriel Hardisty (2nd time) c.1991 Alma Ekenale (f) bf.1992 - 2001 Timothy Lennie (2nd time) 2001 - 2002 Percy Hardisty 2002 - 2004 Timothy Lennie (3rd time) 2004 - 2006 David Moses 2006 Gabriel Hardisty (3rd time) 2006 - 2007 Timothy Lennie (4th time) 2007 - 2009 Darcy E. Moses (1st time) 2009 - 2013 Timothy Lennie (5th time) 2013 Sharon Pellissey (f) 2013 - 2015 Timothy Lennie (6th time) 2015 - 2017 Darcy E. Moses (2nd time) 2017 - 2020 Maurice Moses 2020 - 2024 Lloyd J. Moses 2024 - Jesse Nekenyia-Moses Salt River ![]() 1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Smith). 1911 - 1966 Fort Smith Indian Agency established (closed 1924-1958). 1962 Renamed Fitz/Smith. 1992 Renamed Salt River. Chiefs 1899 - 1931 Pierre Squirrel (b. 1848 - d. 1939) 1931 - 1957 Abraham Luichville 1957 - 1958 Alex Maurice 1958 - 1962 Vacant 1962 - 1963 John Paulette 1963 - 1965 Vacant 1965 - 1966 Simon J. Waquan 1966 - 1968 Frederick Gibot 1968 - 1969 Alexander Beggar 1969 - 1970 Vacant 1970 - 1971 Eddy Bird (d. 1971) 1971 - 1974 Francois Paulette 1974 - 1975 Henry H. Beaver (1st time) 1975 - 1980 Joseph Cheezie 1980 - 1982 Albert R. Beaver 1982 - 1985 Raymond Beaver 1985 - 1986 John Benwell 1986 - 1987 Michael Beaver 1987 - 1990 Henry H. Beaver (2nd time) 1990 - 1998 Jerry Paulette 1998 - 2000 Nora Beaver (f) 2000 - 2002 James Schaefer (1st time) 2002 - 2004 Victor Marie 2004 - 2007 James Schaefer (2nd time) 2007 - 2011 Frieda E. Martselos (f) (1st time) 2011 - 2013 David Poitras (1st time) 2013 - 2019 Frieda E. Martselos (f) (2nd time) 2019 - 2022 David Poitras (2nd time) 2022 Toni Heron (f) (1st time) 2022 - 2024 Brad Laviolette (acting) 2024 - Toni Heron (f) (2nd time) Sambaa K'e Dene ![]() 1990 Separated from Fort Liard (Sambaa K'e Dene), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. Chiefs 1990 - af.1991 Edward Jumbo bf.1992 - 2006 Dennis Deneron 2006 - Dolphus Jumbo Teetl'it Gwich'in
1992 Renamed Tetlit Gwich'in. 1992 Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. 2018 Renamed Teetl'it Gwich'in. Chiefs 1921 - 1948 Julius Salu (b. 1875 - d. 1948) 1948 - 1960 Johnny Kay 1960 - 1971 John A. Tetlichi 1970 - 1973 Francis J. Francis 1973 - 1975 John Itsi 1975 - 1985 John D. Charlie 1985 - 1989 James Ross (1st time) 1989 - 1991 Robert A. Alexie 1991 Mary Teya (f) (acting) 1991 - 1994 James Ross (2nd time) 1994 - 1995 Joseph Tetlichi 1995 - 1999 William R. Koe (1st time) 1999 - 2004 Abraham Wilson 2004 - 2007 Johnny W. Kay 2007 - 2010 Wilbert Firth 2010 - 2016 William R. Koe (2nd time) 2016 - 2022 Wanda Pascal (f) 2022 - Elizabeth Wright (f) Tulita Dene
1938 – 1955 Fort Norman Indian Agency established. 1994 Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. 1996 Renamed Tulita Dene. Chiefs 1921 - 19.. Albert Wright c.1973 Paul Baton c.1975 Frank J. Andrew (1st time) bf.1980 - af.1982 Paul Wright (1st time) c.1987 Gordon Yakeleya (1st time) bf.1988 - 1990 Paul Wright (2nd time) 1990 Therese Etchinelle (f) 1990 - 1991 Norman Yakeleya 1991 - af.1992 David J. Etchinelle (1st time) c.1993 Fred Doctor bf.1997 - 1999 Gordon Yakeleya (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Frank J. Andrew (2nd time) 2001 - 2003 Maurice Mendo 2003 - 2005 David J. Etchinelle (2nd time) 2005 - 2015 Frank J. Andrew (3rd time) 2015 - 2017 David J. Etchinelle (3rd time) 2017 - Frank J. Andrew (4th time) West Point ![]() 1993 Organized under the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (West Point) from members of several First Nations, no reserve. Chiefs 199. - 1997 Theodore Cayen 1997 - 1998 Florence Cayen (f)(1st time) 1998 - 2002 Karen Thomas (f) (1st time) 2002 - 2003 Leon Thomas 2003 - 2004 Robert Cayen 2004 - 2006 Karen Thomas-Felker (f) (2nd time) 2006 - 2007 Sonya Cayen (f) (acting) 2007 - 2010 Vacant 2010 - 2011 Abner L. Cayen 2011 - 2013 Gwen Cayen (f) 2013 - 2016 Courtney T. Cayen 2016 - 2019 Becky Cayen (f) 2019 - Kenneth Cayen Wha Ti (Whati) 1996 Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Wha Ti), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 2005 Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Whati (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs 199. - 1999 Isadore Zoe 1999 - 2009 Charlie J. Nitsiza 2009 - 2025 Alfonz J. Nitsiza 2025 - Charlie J. Nitsiza Yellowknives Dene ![]() 1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Yellowknife), no reserve. 1953 – 1966 Yellowknife Indian Agency established. 1990 Renamed Yellowknives Dene. 1999 Administered jointly by chiefs of main community of Dettah and chiefs (formerly sub-chiefs) of N'dilo. Chiefs 1900 - 1913 Emile Drygeese (d. 1913) 1914 - 1928 Joseph Drygeese 1928 - 1936 Baptiste Drygeese 1936 - 1937 William Crapeau (1st time) 1937 - 1938 Joe Crapeau 1938 - 1949 William Crapeau (2nd time) 1949 - 1974 Joseph Sangris 1974 - 1979 Joseph Sanspariel 1979 - 1987 Isadore Tsetta 1987 - 1999 Jonas J. Sangris Chiefs of Detah 1999 - 2002 Richard Edjericon 2002 - 2007 Peter Liske 2007 - 2023 Edward Sangris 2023 - Ernest N. Betsina Chiefs of N'dilo 1999 - 2002 Peter Liske 2002 - 2005 Darrel K. Beaulieu 2005 - 2009 Fred Sangris (1st time) 2009 - 2013 Ted Tsetta 2013 - 2021 Ernest N. Betsina 2021 - Fred Sangris (2nd time) Nova Scotia Note: The relations between Micmac and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of Micmac, see Eskasoni. All reserves in Nova Scotia were considered single Indian band by Canada until 1958. Wasoqopa’q (Acadia) 1820 First of several reserves set aside. 1965 Named Acadia. 2024 Renamed Wasoqopa'q. Chiefs c.1605 Messamouet c.1722 Claude Couachinouil c.1726 Antoine Egigish c.1752 Claude Gigigish c.1758 Paul Laurent (d. af.1766) c.1761 Francis Muse bf.1897 - 1971 None 1971 - 1978 Charles W. Labrador (1st time) (b. 1932 – d. 2002) 1978 - af.1982 Charles Paul 1986 - 1988 Charles W. Labrador (2nd time) (s.a.) 1988 - Deborah D. Robinson (f) Annapolis Valley 1851 First of several reserves set aside. c.1950 Known as Annapolis Valley (became name of band). Chiefs 1959 - 1961 Michael Francis 1961 - 1965 Charles Phillips 1965 - 1969 John A. Smith 1969 - 1970 Marshall J. Smith 1970 - 1971 Rita M. Smith (f) (1st time) (b. 1918 – d. 1996) 1971 - 1976 Gerald Toney 1976 - 1982 Rita M. Smith (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1982 - 1992 David J. Toney 1992 - 1997 Lawrence L. Toney 1997 - 2011 Brian J. Toney 2011 - 2015 Janette B. Peterson (f) 2015 - Gerald B. Toney Bear River 17th cent. Known as Port Royal. 18th cent. Known as Annapolis Royal. 1820 Bear River reserve set aside (gave name to band). Chiefs 15.. - 1611 Mawpiltu (b. c.1525 - d. 1611) (from 1610, Henri Membertou) c.1722 Thomas Albason c.1726 Baptiste Thomas c.1730 Jean-Baptiste 17.. - 1824 Vacant 1824 - 1833 Andrew J. Meuse (d. af.1850) 1833 - 184. Jack Glode 1843 - 1846 Gabriel Anthony (d. 1846) bf.1849 - af.1855 Peter P. Toney bf.1870 - af.1872 James Meuse (1st time) bf.1895 - 1898 Malti Pictou 1898 - af.1923 James Meuse (2nd time) bf.1946 - 1963 Louis Peters 1963 - 1975 Richard J. McEwan (b. 1908 – d. 1991) 1975 - 1979 .... 1979 - 1987 John G. McEwan 1987 - 2001 Frank S. Meuse (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Sherry Pictou (f) 2003 - 2007 Frank S. Meuse (2nd time) 2007 – 2009 Theresa Meuse (f) 2009 - 2011 Carol D. Thompson (f) (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Frank S. Meuse (3rd time) 2013 - Carol D. Thompson (f) (2nd time) (from 2015, Carol D. Potter) Eskasoni
1610 Micmacs (or Mi’kmaq) in alliance with the French. 1725 Ally (from 1761, subject) of the British (except 1744-52, and 1755-61). 1749 Grand chief of the Micmac, residing at the Chapel Island (from 1869, at Eskasoni), recorded for the first time (1752-1760 and 1814-1895 the position also is claimed by chiefs of Shubenacadie). 1832 Eskasoni reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1942 – 1971 Eskasoni Indian Agency established (1872-1942 there were up to 19 part-time Indian agencies in Nova Scotia, they are not recorded in his record). 1958 Grand chief of Micmac ceased to be chief of the Micmacs of Cape Breton Island (from 1958 the office of the Grand Chief continued as traditional leadership). Chiefs of Cape Breton Island (originally Isle Royale) (title: Saqmaw) c.1716 Isidorus c.1722 Jean Michaux 17.. – 1750 Michel Denny (d. 1750) 1750 – 1778 Jeannot Pequidalouet (b. c.1705 – d. 17..) c.1783 Lemable Janot 1792 – 1958 the Grand Chiefs of Micmac Grand Chiefs of Micmac (title Kji’saqmaw wjit Mi’kmaq) c.1749 Tomah Denys 1792 – 1818 Francis Basque 1818 – 1842 Michael Tomah (d. 1842) 1842 – 1869 Francis Gregory Tomah 1869 – 1881 John Denny (b. c.1807 - d. 1881) 1881 – 12 Apr 1918 John B. Denny, Jr. (b. 1841 – d. 1918) 1918 – May 1963 Gabriel J. Sylliboy (b. 1874 – d. 1963) (acting to 1 Aug 1919) Jun 1964 - 25 Aug 1991 Donald Marshall (b. 1925 – d. 1991) Sep 1991 - 30 Nov 2017 Benjamin "Ben" Sylliboy (b. 1941 - d. 2017) (acting to 1992) Chiefs of Eskasoni (title: Saqmaw) 1958 – 19.. .... bf.1963 - 1966 Charles Francis 1966 – af.1969 Lawrence Paul 1970 - af.1976 Dan K. Stevens 1978 – 1990 Allison M. Bernard (1st time) (b. 1941 – d. 2007) 1990 – 1992 Leonard Paul 1982 – 2000 Allison M. Bernard (2nd time) (s.a.) 2000 - 2006 Blair Stephen Francis 2006 – Feb 2010 Charles Joe Dennis Nov 2010 - Leroy D.C. Denny (b. 1976) Glooscap 2002 Renamed Glooscap. Chiefs 1984 - 1989 Rita M. Smith (f) (b. 1918 – d. 1996) 1989 - 1994 Joseph B. Peters (b. 1921 – d. 1996) 1994 - 2012 Shirley M. Clarke (f) 2012 - Sidney C. Peters Membertou 1985 Renamed Membertou. Chiefs 1958 - 1966 Benjamin E. Christmas (b. 1896 – d. 1966) 1966 - 1968 Lawrence Paul (b. 1925 – d. 2010) 1968 - 1971 Ray Gould 1971 - 1972 Gordon MacDonald 1972 - 1976 John P. Ginnish (b. 1929 – d. 2010) 1976 - 1984 Alexander Christmas 1984 - Terrence J. Paul Millbrook 1886 Truro reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1985 Renamed Millbrook. Chiefs 1908 - 1916 Joseph Gould (d. af.1918) 1916 - 1957 Joseph Julian (b. 1872 – d. 1957) 1957 - 1959 Vacant 1959 - 1969 Gerald Gloade (1st time) 1969 - 1971 Rachel M. Marshall (f) (b. 1910 – d. 1987) 1971 - 1974 Gerald Gloade (2nd time) 1974 - 1978 Stephen J. Gloade 1978 - 1984 Stanley Johnson 1984 Lawrence A. Paul (1st time) (b. 1934 - d. 2014) 1984 - 1986 Stephen Marshall 1986 - 2012 Lawrence A. Paul (2nd time) (s.a.) 2012 - Robert J. Gloade Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw 1820 Afton reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2003 Renamed Paq’tnkek. 2012 Renamed Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw Nation. Chiefs c.1722 Jean Chebacoureg c.1759 Rene La Morne c.1783 Anthony Bernard bf.1897 - 1912 Vacant 1912 - 1920 Frank S. Prosper (d. 1920) 1920 - 192. Francis Paul 1927 - 19.. Thomas Francis 19.. - 1959 Vacant 1959 - 1961 Frank Simon 1961 - 1967 Wilfred J. Prosper 1967 - 1969 Noel Lafford 1969 - 1971 Peter F. Pierro (1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 1989) 1971 - 1973 .... 1973 - 1989 Peter F. Pierro (2nd time) (s.a.) bf.1990 - af.1991 Noel Francis bf.1992 - af.1997 Kerry G. Prosper bf.2001 - 2013 M. Gerard Julian 2013 - 2020 Paul J. Prosper 2020 - 2022 Tma Francis 2022 - Cory Julian (interim to 2023) Pictou Landing 18th cent. Known as Pictou. 1865 First of several reserves set aside. c.1896 Known as Pictou Landing (became name of band). Chiefs c.1722 Charles Isadsighinaua c.1759 Jeannot Pectougawash c.1783 Paul Chachegonouet c.1871 Abraham Beetle bf.1896 - af.1899 John Logan c.1910 Matthew Francis (1st time) c.1916 Aleck Moose bf.1918 - af.1923 Matthew Francis (2nd time) c.1946 Louis Sappier 19.. - 1959 Vacant 1959 - 1967 Louis J. Francis 1967 - af.1982 Raymond Francis (d. 2008) bf.1985 - af.1993 Roderick P. Francis c.1994 Alden Francis c.1997 Albert W. Denny bf.2001 - af.2006 Anne Francis-Meuse (f) bf.2009 - 2011 Aileen Francis (f) 2011 - 2023 Andrea E. Paul (f) 2023 - Tamara Young (f) Potlotek 1827 Chapel Island reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2012 Renamed Potlotek. Chiefs 1958 - 1960 John Basque (1st time) (b. 1922 – d. 1996) 1960 - 1972 .... 1972 - 1973 Noel Doucette (1st time) (b. 1938 – d. 1996) c.1982 John Basque (2nd time) (s.a.) bf.1987 - af.1991 George W. Johnson bf.1992 - 1996 Noel Doucette (2nd time) (s.a.) 1996 - af.1998 Lindsay R. Marshall 2002 - 2008 Wilbert Marshall (1st time) 2008 - 2010 Kenneth Basque 2010 - Wilbert Marshall (2nd time) Sipekne’katik Micmac (except 1760-1814). 1820 Shubenacadie reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1942 - 1971 Shubenacadie Indian Agency established. 2015 Renamed Sipekne’katik. Chiefs c.1722 Joseph Bomgabouidetche c.1726 Jean-Baptiste Pon bf.1752 - 1760 Jean-Baptiste Cope (b. 1698 – d. 1760) 1760 - af.1761 Claude Rene bf.1783 - 1814 Paul Peminuit (d. 1814) 1814 - 1843 Louis Benjamin Paul (b. 1755 – d. 1843) 1843 - 1856 Francis Paul 1856 - 1895 James Peter Paul (b. 1800 - d. 1895) 1895 - 1911 John Noel (d. 1911) 1911 - 1912 Newell McDonald 1913 - 1916 Simon Basque 1916 - 1919 Isaac Sack 1919 - 1921 Vacant 1921 - 1924 William Paul (1st time) 1924 - 1930 Vacant 1930 - 1933 William Paul (2nd time) 1933 - 1936 John B. Maloney 1936 - 1939 William Paul (3rd time) 1939 - 1942 Vacant 1942 - 1944 John Marr 1945 - 1951 Stephen J. Knockwood (1st time) 1951 - 1952 John A. Bernard (1st time) 1953 - 1956 Stephen J. Knockwood (2nd time) 1956 - 1958 John A. Bernard (2nd time) 1958 - 1962 Ivan Knockwood 1962 - 1964 John S. Knockwood (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2007) 1964 - 1970 Simon Nevin 1970 - 1974 John S. Knockwood (2nd time) (s.a.) 1974 - 1976 Reginald Maloney (1st time) 1976 Clarence Marr 1976 - 1978 Reginald Maloney (2nd time) 1978 - 1980 John S. Knockwood (3rd time) (s.a.) 1980 - 1982 Reginald Maloney (3rd time) 1982 - 1988 John S. Knockwood (4th time) (s.a.) 1988 - 1990 Peter Julian 1990 - 2004 Reginald Maloney (4th time) 2004 - 2008 Alexander P. McDonald 2008 - 2012 Jerry F. Sack 2012 - 2016 Rufus Copage 2016 - 2022 Michael P. Sack 2022 - Michelle Glasgow (f) Wagmatcook 1827 Middle River reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1976 Renamed Wagmatcook. Chiefs 1958 - 19.. .... c.1973 Peter Bernard 1978 - af.1990 Benedict Pierro bf.1991 - af.1992 Francis Pierro 1994 - 2002 Mary L. Bernard (f) 2002 - 2010 Lester M. Peck 2010 - Norman F. Bernard We’koqma’q L'nue'kati 1827 Whycocomagh reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1998 Renamed Waycobah. 2016 Renamed We'koqma'q. 2023 Renamed We’koqma’q L'nue'kati. Chiefs 1958 - 1960 Andrew Phillips 1960 - 1962 Joseph N. Prosper (1st time) 1962 - 1964 Charles Bernard 1964 - 1966 Joseph N. Prosper (2nd time) 1966 - 1970 Simon Googoo 1970 - 1972 Noel J. Bernard 1972 - 1976 Wayne R. Googoo (b. 1945 – d. 1976) 1976 - 1982 Ryan C. Googoo 1982 - 1992 Roderick A. Googoo (1st time) 1992 - 2004 J. Morley Googoo (1st time) 2004 - 2006 Alexander Googoo 2006 - 2011 J. Morley Googoo (2nd time) 2011 - 2020 Roderick A. Googoo (2nd time) 2020 - 2024 Annie Bernard-Daisley (f) 2024 - John L. Bernard Nunavut Ontario Note: There are 123 First Nations in Ontario. Currently recorded here are: (1) 29 First Nations (13 constituent nations of the Six Nations of the Grand River counted as one) in the south-eastern part of the province that are located within area of the pre-1850 treaties; (2) 18 largest First Nations by registered native on-reserve population in 2010 (the ones whose population exceeded 800) covered by the Robinson Treaties (four nations), Treaty No. 3 (three nations), Treaty No. 5 (three nations) or Treaty No. 9 (eight nations). The First Nations in Ontario currently not recorded here are: (1) Covered by the Robinson Huron Treaty of 1850 – Atikameksheng Anishnawbek, Batchewana, Dokis, Henvey Inlet, Magnetawan, Mississauga, Serpent River, Shawanaga, Temagami, Thessalon, Wahnapitae, Wasauksing, and Whitefish River; (2) Covered by the Robinson Superior Treaty of 1850 - Animbiigoo Zaagi'igan, Biigtigong Nishnaabeg, Biinjitiwabik Zaaging, Bingwi Neyaashi, Gull Bay, Long Lake, Michipicoten, Netmizaaggamig Nishnaabeg (to 2022, Pic Mobert), Pays Plat, Red Rock, and Whitesand; (3) Covered by the Treaty No. 3 of 1873 - Animakee Wa Zhing, Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing, Anishnabe of Wauzhushk Onigum, Couchiching, Eagle Lake, Iskatewizaagegan, Lac Des Mille Lacs, Gakijiwanong Anishinaabe (Lac La Croix to 2023), Mitaanjigamiing, Naicatchewenin, Naotkamegwanning, Nigigoonsiminikaaning, Niisaachewan, Northwest Angle, Ojibway of Saugeen, Ojibways of Onigaming, Rainy River, Seine River, Shoal Lake, Wabauskang, Wabigoon Lake, and Washagamis Bay; (4) Covered by the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 – Kee-Way-Win, McDowell Lake, North Spirit Lake, and Poplar Hill; (5) Covered by the Treaty No. 9 of 1905 - Apitipi Anicinapek (to 2022, Wahgoshig), Aroland, Bearskin Lake, Brunswick House, Cat Lake, Chapleau Cree, Chapleau Ojibway, Flying Post, Fort Severn, Ginoogaming, Kingfisher, Martin Falls, Matachewan, Mattagami, Missanabie Cree, Muskrat Dam Lake, Neskantaga, Nibinamik, North Caribou Lake, Sachigo Lake, Slate Falls, Taykwa Tagamou, Wapekeka, Wawakapewin, Webequie, Weenusk, and Wunnumin. There were the following Indian agencies not recorded below under individual First Nations: Parry Sound (to 1898, Western Superintendency-2nd Division, 1873-1970), Kenora (to 1889 Assabaskasing, 1889-1906 Rat Portage, 1879-1969), Savanne (1879-1936), Couchiching (from 1903 Fort Frances, 1879-1936), Thessalon (1898-1938), Chapleau (1906-1967), Nakina (1955-1972). 1796
Treaty
with the British (Chippewas of St.Clair).
1905
Signed the
Treaty No.9 (Albany).
1783
Treaty
with the British (Mississaugas of the Bay of Quinte).
1856
Arrived from Quebec
(Golden Lake), formerly part of the
1929
Separated from Albany (Attawapiskat), under the Treaty
No. 9
Aundeck-Omni-Kaning ![]() 1862 Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided (Ojibways of Sucker Creek). 2003 Renamed Aundeck-Omni-Kaning. Chiefs 1862 - 1889 George Abotossaway (b. c.1825 - d. 1889) 1889 - 1906 Charles G. Abotossaway (b. 1861 - d. 1950) (1st time) 1906 - 1910 George Abotossaway, Jr. 1910 - 1913 Thomas Shokan 1913 - 1950 Charles G. Abotossaway (s.a.) (2nd time) 1950 - 1955 Stanley McGraw (1st time) 1955 - 1957 Lawrence Madahbee (1st time) 1957 - 1959 Stanley McGraw (2nd time) 1959 - 1961 David Nahwegahbow (1st time) 1961 - 1963 Lawrence Madahbee (2nd time) 1963 - 1967 David Nahwegahbow (2nd time) 1967 - 1969 Levi Owl 1969 - 1971 Lawrence Madahbee (3rd time) 1971 - 1973 Clayton F. Abotossaway (b. 1937 – d. 2005) (1st time) 1973 - 1975 Ivan Madahbee 1975 - 1979 Lawrence Madahbee (4th time) 1979 - 1985 Clayton F. Abotossaway (s.a.) (2nd time) 1985 - 1993 Patrick Madahbee (1st time) 1993 - 1996 Joann Esquimaux (f) 1996 - 1999 Diane Abotossaway (f) 1999 - 2008 Patrick Madahbee (2nd time) 2008 - 2011 D. Craig Abotossaway 2011 - Patsy Corbiere (f)
1785
Treaty with the British (Chippewas of Penetanguishene).
c.1835
A remnant of former
Chippewas of Point Pelee and possibly
1785
Treaty with the
British.
Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point 1919
Separated from
Aamjiwnaang (Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point).
1836
Saugeen
Peninsula reserve established by treaty.
1785
Treaty with the British (Chippewas of Lake Simcoe).
1790
Treaty with the
British (Chippewas of the Thames).
1918
Separated from Albany (English River), under the Treaty
No. 9
1787
Treaty with the British.
1985
Separated from Sandy Lake (Deer Lake), under the Treaty
No. 5
1905
Signed the Treaty No. 9 (Fort Hope).
1850
Signed the
Robinson Superior Treaty (Fort William).
1820
British party
of Chippewas of Sault Ste. Marie (see Sault Ste.
Grassy Narrows 1903
Separated from
Wabauskang (Grassy Narrows), under the Treaty
1787
Treaty with
the British.
1976
Separated from
Kitchenuhmaykoosib (Kasabonika Lake),
1929
Adhesion to the
Treaty No. 9 of 1905 (Big Trout Lake).
1873
Signed the
Treaty No. 3 (Lac Seul).
1862
Manitoulin
Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong)
1905
Signed the Treaty No. 9 (Osnaburgh).
1784
Treaty with
the British (Mississaugas of the Credit). Head chiefs
1788
Treaty with the
British.
1784
Settlement (Bay of Quinte) by the pro-British Mohawk
emigrants
1905
Signed the
Treaty No. 9 (Moose Factory).
1835
Arrived from the U.S., formerly part of the Huron
Potawatomi
1793
Arrived from the U.S. (Moravian of the Thames), formerly
part
1783
Arrived from
the U.S. (Munceys of the Thames), formerly part of
1850
Signed the
Robinson Huron Treaty (Nipissing).
1840
Arrived from
the U.S. (Oneida of the Thames), formerly part of
1909
Separated from Berens
River (Pekangekum), under the Treaty
1850
Signed the
Robinson Huron Treaty (Spanish River).
1910
Adhesion to the
Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Deer Lake).
1854
Saugeen Peninsula reserve (see under Chippewas of Nawash)
1862
Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided
Six Nations of the Grand River
Mohawk and Cayuga) of the Six Nations confederacy (in Mohawk: Rotinonshonni "Longhouse People") from New York State, in U.S. (see also Cayuga, Oneida of New York, Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscarora; in the U.S.), governed by the Great Council of the confederacy (50 lineages of titled/named life chiefs of five original nations, added by non-voting chiefs of Tuscarora and of three allied nations: Delaware [separated from Delaware Tribe, in the U.S.], Nanticoke, Tutelo [latter two extinct respectively by c.1900 and c.1850]). 1792 – 1969 Six Nations (1832 - 1891, Grand River) Indian Superintendency established. 1793 Formal British patent to the land grant issued to the Six Nations. 1847 Six Nations Reserve (from 1988, referred also to as the Six Nations of the Grand River Territory) organized; the Councils of Chiefs of the individual nations abolished. 1900 Official publication of the oral constitution of the Six Nations confederacy (in Mohawk: Kaianere’ko:wa ["Great Peace"]), the first time written down in 1880. Mar 1924 Six Nations unsuccessfully apply for the membership in the League of Nations (under the name of the "Hodenosaunee Confederation of the Grand River"). 22 Oct 1924 Six Nations of the Grand River Band Council imposed by Canada (the Council is single government of 13 separate bands: Bay of Quinte Mohawk, Bearfoot Onondaga, Delaware, Konadaha Seneca, Lower Cayuga, Lower Mohawk, Ninarondasa Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga Clear Sky, Tuscarora, Upper Cayuga, Upper Mohawk, Walker Mohawk); the Confederacy Council continues (to the late 20th century in opposition) with no recognition by Canada. 5 Mar 1959 - 13 Mar 1959 Confederacy chiefs take over the reserve, declare the elected Band Council dissolved. 24 Jun 1970 - 10 Jul 1970 Supporters of the Confederacy chiefs seize the Council House, following the Iroquois Declaration of Independence of Nov 1969. First Chiefs of Onondaga (by
precedence; title/name: Thadoda:ho;
Speakers of Six Nations (chief
executives; nation affiliation in parentheses) British (from 1867, Canadian) Superintendents (to
1792, Deputy Superintendents)
1873
Signed the Treaty No. 3 (Islington).
1881
Arrived from Quebec (Iroquois of Gibson), formerly
part of the
1790
The island is omitted from the
cession to the British.
1828
Settlement by the Ottawa and Chippewa emigrants
from the U.S. Chiefs
1873
Separated from
Sheshegwaning (Cockburn Island). Prince Edward Island Note: The relations between the Micmac and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of the Micmac, see Eskasoni in Nova Scotia. Abegweit
1972 Secedes from the Lennox Island Band (Abegweit). Chiefs 1846
First of several reserves set aside (Micmacs of Prince
Edward c.1831 Peter Francis 1859 - 1866 John Sark (b. 1786 - d. 1866) 1866 - 1869 Louis Sark 1869 - 1877 Peter Bernard (d. 1877) 1877 - 1900 Joseph Francis 1900 - 1909 John Thomas Sark (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1934) 1909 - 1912 Joseph Bernard 1912 - 1927 John Thomas Sark (2nd time) (s.a.) 1927 - 1930 Isaac Peters 1930 - 1948 Jacob Sark (1st time) (b. 1893 – d. 1960) 1948 - 1952 Frank Jadis (1st time) 1952 - 1960 Jacob Sark (2nd time) (s.a.) 1960 - 1962 Mary Bernard (f) 1962 - 1964 Frank Jadis (2nd time) 1964 - 1966 Raymond Lewis 1966 - 1970 James Sark 1970 - 1972 George James "Jim" Sark 1972 - 1998 Jack J.T. Sark 1998 - 2001 Charles "Charlie" Sark 2001 - 1 Jun 2013 Darlene Bernard (f) (1st time) (b. 1962) 1 Jun 2013 - 2019 Matilda Ramjattan (f) 2019 - 2025 Darlene Bernard (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) 2025 - Tabatha Bernard (f) Quebec Abénakis de Wôlinak
by the British. c.1720 - c.1830 Abénaki (as single nation) a part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see under Mohawks of Kahnawake). 1891 - 1950 Bécancour Indian agency. 1983 Renamed Abénakis de Wôlinak. Grand Chiefs bf.1750 - 18.. .... bf.1841 - 1850 Joseph Metzalabanlette (b. c.1767 - d. 1850) c.1851 Louis Tomaquois (acting) (b. c.1787 - d. 18..) 1856 - 1903 Joseph-Louis Metzalabanlette (b. 1827 - d. 1903) Chiefs 1903 - 19.. .... bf.1977 - af.1989 Noël St.-Aubin c.1991 Raymond Bernard (1st time) c.1992 André Bernard bf.1997 - 1998 Diane Bernard (f) 1998 - 2010 Raymond Bernard (2nd time) 2010 - 2016 Denis Landry 2016 - Michel Bernard Abitibiwinni ![]() c.1906 Known as Abitibi-Dominion, no treaty. 1940 - 1968 Abitibi Indian agency. 1958 Reserve set aside. 1982 Renamed Abitibiwinni. Chiefs 1906 - 19.. Isha Mychenny c.1976 Tom Rankin c.1982 Hector Polson c.1987 Isaac McDougall bf.1988 - af.1990 Fred Kistabish bf.1991 - af.1998 Harry McDougall bf.1999 - af.2003 Edouard Kistabish bf.2007 - 2011 Alice Jérôme (f) 2011 Jean-Paul Rankin (b. 19.. - d. 2012) 2011 - 2015 Bruno Kistabish 2015 - 2019 David Kistabish 2019 - 1 Oct 2023 Monik Kistabish (f) 1 Oct 2023 - Chantal Kistabish (f) Algonquins of Barriere Lake ![]() c.1904 Known as Barriere Lake, no treaty. 1961 Reserve set aside. 1990 Renamed Algonquins of Barriere Lake. Chiefs c.1904 - 1964 David Makokoose 196. - 1969 Harry Nottaway (d. 1969) c.1974 Solomon Matchewan 197. - 1980 Harry Wawatie (1st time) 1980 - 1996 Jean-Maurice Matchewan (1st time) 1996 - 2006 Harry Wawatie (2nd time) 2006 - 2008 Jean-Maurice Matchewan (2nd time) 2008 - 2010 Casey Ratt (1st time) 2010 - 2012 Council [4 councilors] 2012 - 2021 Casey Ratt (2nd time) 2021 - 2023 Tony Wawatie 2023 - Casey Ratt (3rd time) Anicinape de Kitcisakik ![]() c.1910 Known as Grand Lac Victoria, no treaty or reserve. 1992/97 Renamed Communauté Anicinape de Kitcisakik. Chiefs c.1925 Alex Papatie bf.1980 - af.1988 Donat Papatisse (1st time) (b. 1945 – d. 1996) c.1989 Armand Papatie bf.1990 - af.1991 Donat Papatisse (2nd time) (s.a.) c.1992 Catherine Anichinapéo (f) 199. - 1997 Alfred Papatisse 1997 - 2005 James Papatie 2005 - af.2007 Edmond Brazeau bf.2009 - 2017 Adrienne Anichinapéo (f) 2017 - Régis Pénosway Anishnabe du Lac Simon ![]() c.1924 Known as Lac Simon, no treaty. 1962 Reserve set aside. 1992/97 Renamed Nation Anishnabe du Lac-Simon. Chiefs c.1925 Ignace Papatie 1938 - 1959 Nick Papatie 1959 - 1960 Joe Kisik 1960 - 1971 Georges Papatie 1971 - 1974 Jean Papatie (1st time) 1974 - 1977 Louis Jérôme (1st time) 1977 - 1980 Dumont Wabanonik 1980 - 1987 Jean Papatie (2nd time) 1987 - 1992 Louis Jérôme (2nd time) 1992 - 1999 Simon Anichinapéo 1999 - 2003 Lucien Wabanonik (1st time) 2003 - 2009 Daniel Pien 2009 - 2011 Brian Dumont 2011 - 2016 Salomée McKenzie (f) 2016 - 2023 Adrienne Jérôme (f) 2023 - Lucien Wabanonik (2nd time) Atikamekw d'Opitciwan ![]() 1915 Separated from Atikamekw de Wemotaci (Obiduan), no treaty. 1950 Reserve set aside. 1964 Renamed Obedjiwan. 1997 Renamed Atikamekw d'Opitciwan. Chiefs 1915 - 1933 Gabriel Awashish 1933 - 1960 Paul Mequish 1960 - 196. Élie Dubé (1st time) bf.1961 - af.1962 Étienne Dubé c.1963 Pierre-Jacquot Chachai c.1965 Élie Dubé (2nd time) c.1969 Maxime Awashish c.1970 Simon Awashish (1st time) bf.1971 - af.1973 William Awashish c.1975 Simon Awashish (2nd time) c.1976 Léon Dubé 1978 - 1980 Nérée Chachai 1980 Marcel Chachai 1980 - 1984 Paul Mequish, Jr. (1st time) 1984 - 1987 Jean-Pierre Lucien 1987 - 1991 Paul Mequish, Jr. (2nd time) 1991 - 1993 Hubert Clary 1993 - 1997 Simon Awashish (3rd time) 1997 - 1999 Paul Mequish, Jr. (3rd time) 1999 - 2001 Simon Awashish (4th time) 2001 - 2002 Paul Mequish, Jr. (4th time) 2002 - 2006 Simon Awashish (5th time) 2006 - 2007 Jean-Pierre Moar 2007 - 2011 Paul Mequish, Jr. (5th time) 2011 - 2019 Christian Awashish 2019 - Jean-Claude Mequish Atikamekw de Manawan ![]() 1906 Separated from Atikamekw de Wemotaci (Manouan), reserve set aside, no treaty. 1990 Renamed Les Atikamekw de Manawan. Chiefs 1906 - 1924 Louis Newashish (d. 1924) 1924 - 1930 Saney Newashish 1930 - 1934 St.-Pierre Echaquan 1934 - 1960 Simon Ottawa 1960 - 1964 Pierre Ottawa 1964 - 1968 Isidore Ottawa 1968 - 1972 Wellie Flamand (1st time) 1972 - 1974 François Ottawa 1974 - 1976 Wellie Flamand (2nd time) 1976 - 1977 Gerard Ottawa (b. 1947 – d. 2005) 1977 - 1978 Andre Quitish (1st time) (b. 1951) 1978 - 1987 Henri Ottawa (1st time) 1987 - 1989 Jean-Pierre Moar (1st time) 1989 - 1993 Henri Ottawa (2nd time) 1993 - 1995 Andre Quitish (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Henri Ottawa (3rd time) 1997 - 1999 Jean-Pierre Moar (2nd time) 1999 - 2014 Paul-Émile Ottawa (1st time) (b. 1961) 2014 - 2018 Jean-Roch Ottawa 2018 - 2022 Paul-Émile Ottawa (2nd time) (s.a.) 2022 - Sipi Flamand (b. 1989) Atikamekw de Wemotaci ![]() 1853 Known as Weymontachie, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1997 Renamed Atikamekw de Wemotaci. Chiefs c.1829 Macesk c.1843 Pierre Oskileo c.1844 Paul Newashish 1853 - af.1881 Jean-Baptiste Petiguay 18.. - 1892 Thomas Awashish (d. 1892) c.1913 Louis Petiguay (1st time) c.1915 James Awashish c.1918 Louis Petiquay (2nd time) c.1921 Charles Petiguay c.1941 Joseph Boivin bf.1959 - af.1964 Joseph Saganash 1969 - 1971 Philippe Basile (1st time) 1971 – 1973 Marcel Boivin (1st time) 1973 – 1975 Georges Connelley 1975 – 1977 Marcel Boivin (2nd time) 1977 – 1979 Philippe Basile (2nd time) 1979 – 1981 François Neashit (1st time) 1981 - 1995 Marcel Boivin (3rd time) 1995 – 1999 François Neashit (2nd time) 1999 – 2003 Marcel Boivin (4th time) 2003 – 2007 François Neashit (3rd time) 2007 – 2009 Simon Coocoo 2009 - 2015 David Boivin 2015 - 21 Apr 2023 François Neashit (4th time) 21 Apr 2023 - Viviane Chilton (f) Cree of Chisasibi ![]() c.1930
Known as Fort George,
no treaty. Chiefs
c.1930
Known as Nemaska, no
treaty or reserve. Cree of Wemindji
c.1930
Known as Eastmain, no treaty or
reserve.
c.1420
Huron (Wendat)
confederacy founded (in modern Ontario), governed
Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam c.1853
Known as
Montagnais de
Sept-Îles, no
treaty.
1892
Known as
Montagnais des Escoumins, reserve set aside, no treaty.
c.1856
Known as Mingan, no treaty.
c.1856
Known as Natashquan, no treaty.
c.1924
Known as Kipawa, no
treaty. Kitigan Zibi
Anishinabeg First Grand chiefs of the Algonquins (by
precedence)
1860
Known as
Micmacs of Maria, reserve set aside, no treaty. Mohawks of
Akwesasne
1668
Settlement (La
Prairie) by the Iroquois (majority Mohawk)
c.1720 -c.1830 Part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see Mohawks of Kahnawake). 1721 Disputed French land grant (Iroquois de Lac des Deux Montagnes), by 1841 not recognized by Lower Canada. 1874 – 1968 Lake of Two Mountains (from 1910, Oka) Indian agency (1947-1958 closed). 1876 Renamed Iroquois of Oka. 1945 Crown land set aside, no formal reserve or treaty. 1987 Renamed Mohawks of Kanesatake. Chiefs c.1696 - 1899 Council of Chiefs [3 lineages of life chiefs] 1899 – af.1902 Joseph Gabriel (d. 193.) c.1917 Peter Angus c.1943 George Cree c.1961 James Montour Grand Chiefs (life chiefs chairing the Council of Chiefs) 1969/76 - 19.. .... bf.1982 - 1986 Hugh Nicholas c.1987 Alex Montour 198. - 1988 Clarence Simon (1st time) 1988 - 1989 Crawford Gabriel (b. 1943 - d. 2002) 1989 - 1990 Clarence Simon (2nd time) 1990 - 1991 George Martin Grand Chiefs 1991 - 1996 Jerry Peltier 1996 - 2001 James Gabriel (1st time) (b. 1967) 2001 - 2002 Steven Bonspille (1st time) 2002 - 2004 James Gabriel (2nd time) (s.a.) 2004 - 2008 Steven Bonspille (2nd time) 2008 - 2011 Paul Nichols (b. 1973) 2011 - 31 Jul 2021 Serge Otsi Simon 31 Jul 2021 - Victor Akwirente Bonspille Montagnais de Pakua Shipi ![]() c.1880 Known as St.-Augustin, no treaty or reserve. 1914 - 1957 St. Augustin Indian agency. 1987 Renamed Montagnais de Pakua Shipi. Chiefs bf.1982 - af.1997 Charles Mark c.1998 Jérôme Mestenapéo bf.2001 - af.2002 Marcel Lalo (1st time) bf.2007 - 2012 Christiane Lalo (f) 2012 - 2020 Denis Mestenapéo (1st time) 2020 - 2022 Guy Mestenapeo 2022 - 2024 Denis Mestenapéo (2nd time) 2024 - Marcel Lalo (2nd time) Montagnais de Unamen Shipu ![]() c.1880 Known as Romaine, no treaty. 1956 Reserve set aside. 1990 - 1997 Renamed Montagnais de la Romaine. 1997 Renamed Montagnais de Unamen Shipu. Chiefs c.1880 Charles Lafontaine bf.1982 - af.1988 Jean-Baptiste Lalo (1st time) bf.1989 - af.1991 Georges Bacon (1st time) bf.1992 - 1997 Jean-Baptiste Lalo (2nd time) 1997 - af.1999 Georges Bacon (2nd time) bf.2001 - 2003 Edmond Mestenapéo 2003 - 2005 Jean-Baptiste Lalo (3rd time) 2005 - 2007 Georges Bacon (3rd time) 2007 - 2009 Guy Bellefleur 2009 - 2011 Georges Bacon (4th time) 2011 - 2013 Raymond Bellefleur (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Adélard Bellefleur 2015 - 2017 Alain Lalo 2017 - 2023 Bryan Mark 2023 - Raymond Bellefleur (2nd time) Naskapi of Kawawachikamach ![]() c.1949 Known as Fort Chimo, no treaty or reserve. 1972 Renamed Naskapis of Schefferville. 1978 The Northeastern Quebec Agreement of 1978 effective. 1992 - 1995 Renamed Naskapis of Quebec. 1995 Renamed Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach. Chiefs 1968 - 1990 Joseph Guanish (b. 1931 - d. 2017) 1990 - 1997 George Shecanapish 1997 - 2003 Phillip Einish (1st time) 2003 - 2004 Elijah Einish 2004 - 2006 Jimmy Einish 2006 - 2009 Phillip Einish (2nd time) 2009 - 2012 Louis Einish 2012 - 2013 Isaac Pien 2013 - 2021 Noah Swappie 2021 - 2024 Theresa Chemaganish (f) 2024 - Louise Nattawappio (f) Odanak ![]() 1700 French land grant (Abénakis de St.-François), in 1760 confirmed by the British. c.1720 - c.1830 Abénaki (as single nation) a part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see under Mohawks of Kahnawake). 1856 Constitution adopted. 1873 - 1962 St. Francis (from 1910, Pierreville) Indian agency. 1962 Renamed Odanak. First Grand chiefs (by precedence) bf.1750 - 18.. .... bf.1841 - 1857 Ignace Portneuf (b. 1792 - d. 1857) 18.. - 1876 Louis Watso (b. 1788 - d. 1895) Chiefs 187. - 1880 Solomon Benedict (b. 1839 - d. ....) 1880 - 1894 Joseph Laurent (b. 1839 - d. 1917) 1894 - 1914 Henry Masta (b. 1853 - d. 1943) c.1977 Walter Watso c.1982 Albert O'Bomsawin (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1988 Fernand O'Bomsawin (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1991 Albert O'Bomsawin (2nd time) c.1992 Fernand O'Bomsawin (2nd time) bf.1997 - 2007 Gilles O'Bomsawin 2007 - Richard O'Bomsawin Ouje-Bougoumou Cree ![]() 2014 Separated from Cree of Mistissini (Ouje-Bougoumou Cree Nation), covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975. Chiefs bf.1966 - af.1974 Jimmy Mianscum bf.1991 - 2001 Abel Bosum 2001 - 2007 Sam Bosum 2007 - 2011 Louise Wapachee (f) 2011 - 2015 Reggie Neeposh 2015 - 2023 Curtis Bosum 2023 - Gaston Cooper Pekuakamiulnuatsh ![]() 1853 Known as Montagnais du Lac St.-Jean, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1873 - 1969 Lake St. John (from 1910, Pointe Bleue) Indian Agency established. 2016 Renamed Pekuakamiulnuatsh. Chiefs c.1849 Simeon c.1857 Basile bf.1895 - 1898 François Jourdain 1898 - af.1899 Patrick Cleary c.1965 Harry Kurtness 1975 - 1983 Aurelian Gill (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2015) 1983 - 1987 Armand-Noe Germain (b. 1945 – d. 2005) 1987 - 1989 Aurelian Gill (2nd time) (s.a.) bf.1991 - 1997 Rémy Kurtness 1997 - 2003 Clifford Moar (1st time) 2003 - 2010 Gilbert Dominique (1st time) 2010 - 2013 Clifford Moar (2nd time) 2013 - 2017 Gilbert Dominique (2nd time) 2017 - 3 Aug 2021 Clifford Moar (3rd time) 3 Aug 2021 - Gilbert Dominique (3rd time) Timiskaming ![]() 1853 Known as Temiscamingue, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1887 - 1968 Timiskaming (to 1903, Temiscamingue) Indian agency. 1934 Renamed Timiskaming. Chiefs 185. - 18.. .... c.1877 Hilarion Masinikiyik bf.1896 - 1899 Tanis Stanger (1st time) 1899 – 190. John Polson 1903 – 1909 John King 1909 – 1913 Isaac McBride 1913 – 1915 Jean Masinikiyik 1915 – 1920 John McBride 1920 – 1925 Tanis Stanger (2nd time) 1925 – 1932 John Chevrier 1932 – 1933 B.F. Wabie (1st time) 1933 – 1936 Augustin Wabie 1936 – 1939 Richard Polson 1939 – 1945 B.F. Wabie (2nd time) 1945 – 1960 Wilfred McBride 1960 – 1965 Henry Polson 1965 – 1968 Thomas Chevrier 1968 – 1980 Albert McBride (1st time) 1980 – 1984 Randy Polson (1st time) 1984 – 1986 Albert McBride (2nd time) 1986 – 1988 Randy Polson (2nd time) 1988 – 1990 Raymond Polson 1990 – 2000 Carol McBride (f) 2000 – 2002 Daniel Chief 2002 – 2004 Beverly Polson (f) 2004 – 2010 Conrad Polson 2010 – 2012 Arden McBride (1st time) 2012 - 2016 Terrance McBride 2016 - 2019 Wayne McKenzie 2019 - 2021 Sacha Wabie (f) 2021 - 2022 Arden McBride (2nd time) 2022 - 2023 Jean Miljour 2023 - Vicky Chief (f) Waswanipi ![]() c.1930 Known as Waswanipi, no treaty. 1962 Reserve set aside. 1977 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective. Chiefs 1927 - 1928 Noah Diamond 1928 - 1930 Peter Nayassit 1930 - 1934 Alex Cooper 1934 - 1939 Joseph Saganash 1939 - 1967 Diom Blacksmith 1967 Allan Cooper 1967 - 1970 Louis Gull 1970 - 1980 Peter Gull (b. 1943 - d. 2003) 1980 – 1981 Simon Ottereyes 1981 - 1982 Billy Ottereyes 1982 - 1990 Abel Kitchen 1990 - 1993 Allan Happyjack 1993 - 1999 John Kitchen (1st time) 1999 - 2002 Paul Gull (1st time) 2004 - 2007 Robert Kitchen 2007 - 2010 John Kitchen (2nd time) 2010 - 2014 Paul Gull (2nd time) 2014 - 2022 Marcel Happyjack 2022 - Irene Nepoosh (f) Whapmagoostui
c.1910
Known as Wolf Lake, no treaty or reserve. Saskatchewan Ahtahkakoop
1916 - 1986 Renamed Sandy Lake. Co-Head chief of the House People (Plains Cree in the north-western part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1876 John Starblanket (Atahkakohp) (b. 1816 – d. 1896) Chiefs 1876 – 1896 John Starblanket (Atahkakohp) (s.a.) 1896 – 1898 Band council [4 headmen] 1898 – 1926 Basil Starblanket (b. 18.. - d. 1926) (Kaynayoostatin) 1927 – 1957 Allan Ahenakew (1st time) (b. 1892 – d. 19..) 1957 – 1960 Lance Ahenakew (1st time) (b. 1916) 1960 – 1968 Allan Ahenakew (2nd time) (s.a.) 1968 – 1972 Paul Ahenakew (1st time) 1972 – 1974 Lance Ahenakew (2nd time) (s.a.) 1974 – 1980 Paul Ahenakew (2nd time) 1980 – 1985 Frederick "Fred" Sasakamoose (b. 1933 - d. 2020) 1985 – 1990 Barry Leslie Ahenakew (1st time) 1990 – 1992 Clifford S. Ahenakew 1992 – 2005 Barry Leslie Ahenakew (2nd time) 1 Jul 2005 - Larry Davis Ahenakew Beardy's and Okemasis ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty Nr. 6 (Beardy's). 1887 - 1969 Duck Lake Indian agency. 1911 Renamed Beardy's and Okemasis. Head chief of the Willow (Parklands) People (Plains Cree in the central part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1876 Kahmeeyistoowaysit "Beardy" (b. 1828 - d. 1889) Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Kahmeeyistoowaysit "Beardy" (s.a.) 1885 - 1936 Vacant c.1973 Leo A. Cameron c.1978 Andrew H. Michael (1st time) c.1982 Ralph H. Gardippie c.1987 Andrew H. Michael (2nd time) bf.1989 - 1994 Richard J. Gamble (1st time) 1994 - 1998 Edgar A. Thomas 1998 - 2000 Richard J. Gamble (2nd time) 2000 Dale Gamble (acting) c.2003 Garnet Eyahpaise bf.2008 - 2011 Richard J. Gamble (3rd time) 2011 - 2014 Remonda A. Gardypie (f) 2014 - 2017 Richard J. Gamble (4th time) 2017 - 2020 Claude Petit 2020 - Edwin Ananas Big Island Lake Cree 1913 Separated from Ministikwan Lake, under the Treaty No. 6 (Joseph Bighead). 2001 Renamed Big Island Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1913 - 19.. Joseph Bighead (Napew) c.1973 Leo Bighead c.1978 Phillip Kahpeepatow bf.1982 - af.2003 Ernest Sundown bf.2007 - 2009 Ernest Cree 2009 - 2015 David G. Sandfly (1st time) 2015 - 2019 Roland Ochuschayo 2019 - David G. Sandfly (2nd time) Big River ![]() 1878 Signed the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (from 1880, named Kenemotayo). c.1916 Renamed Big River. Chiefs 1878 - 1879 Sasewahum (d. 1879) 1880 - 191. Kenemotayo c.1914 Band council [3 headmen] c.1918 Papeewahin (b. 1874 – d. 1961) c.19.. Joe Whitefish 1971 - 1973 George Whitefish (1st time) 1973 - 1977 Albert Lachance c.1978 George Whitefish (2nd time) 1979 - 1987 John G. Joseph 1987 - 1993 John Keenatch 1993 - 1996 Vital Lachance 1996 - 1999 Douglas Joseph 1999 - 2019 Bruce D. Morin 2019 - 2023 Jack Rayne 2023 - Jonathan Bear Birch Narrows ![]() 1972 Separated from Buffalo River, under the Treaty No. 10 (Turnor Lake). 1996 Renamed Birch Narrows. Chiefs 1972 - 1973 Joseph G. OneEye 1973 - 1978 Lambert Sylvester (1st time) 1978 - 1982 Leon Cataract 1982 - 1984 Lambert Sylvester (2nd time) 1984 - 1988 Jerome Paul Sylvester 1988 - 1990 Eric Sylvester 1990 - 1994 Jean Campbell 1994 - 1998 Wanda M. Cataract (f) 1998 - 2014 Robert J. Sylvestre 2014 - Jonathan P. Sylvestre Black Lake ![]() 1948 Separated from Fond du Lac, under the Treaty No. 8 (Stony Rapids). 1986 Renamed Black Lake. Chiefs 1948 - 1972 Louis Chicken 1972 - 1974 Pierre Robillard 1974 - 1976 Billy Sandypoint 1976 - 1982 Leon Thomas Cook 1982 Ben Toutsaint 1982 - 1983 Leon Alphonse 1983 - 1984 Joe Robillard 1984 - 1994 Daniel Robillard 1994 - 1996 Donald Sayazie (1st time) 1996 - 1999 Ronald A. Robillard 1999 - 2000 Edwin Boneleye 2000 - 2004 Victor Echodh 2004 - 2008 Frederick Thorassie 2008 - 2012 Donald Sayazie (2nd time) 2012 - 2016 Rickey L. Robillard 2016 - 2020 Coreen Sayazie (f)(1st time) 2020 - 2021 Archie Robillard 2021 - Coreen Sayazie (f)(2nd time) Buffalo River Dene ![]() 1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Clear Lake). 1934 Renamed Peter Pond Lake. 1972 Renamed Buffalo River. 1996 Renamed Buffalo River Dene Nation. Chiefs 1906 - 1911 Raphael Bedshidekkge 1911 - 1932 Pierre Nezcroche 1932 - 1940 Raphael Campbell 1940 - 1972 Alexander Campbell c.1973 Felix Sylvester bf.1978 - af.1982 Jerome "Jerry" Noolchos (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1992 Alex G. Billette 199. - 1994 Jerome "Jerry" Noolchos (2nd time) 1994 - 2005 Elmer Campbell (1st time) 2005 - 2009 Louis Chanalquay 2009 - 2013 Debbie A. Billette (f) 2013 - 2015 Lance B. Byhette 2015 - 2019 Eileen Morrison (f) 2019 - 2022 Elmer Campbell (2nd time) 2022 - Norma Catarat (f) Canoe Lake Cree ![]() 1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Canoe Lake). 1913 - 1936 Ile-a-la-Crosse Indian agency. 2018 Renamed Canoe Lake Cree. Chiefs 1906 - 19.. John Iron c.1973 Ted Iron c.1978 John Iron, Jr. c.1982 Francis Iron (1st time) c.1987 Kenneth T. Iron bf.1989 - 1993 Francis Iron (2nd time) 1993 - 1998 J. Guy LaRiviere (1st time) 1998 - 2000 Francis Iron (3rd time) 2000 - 2010 J. Guy LaRiviere (2nd time) 2010 - 2014 Robert L. Opekokew 2014 - Francis Iron (4th time) Carry The Kettle ![]() 1877 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Indian Head). 1886 - 1935 Assiniboine Indian agency. 1891 Renamed Carry The Kettle. Chiefs 1877 - 1891 Cuwkencaayu "Man Who Took (d. 1891) the Coat" 1891 - 1923 Cega Kin "Carry the Kettle" (d. 1923) 1923 - 19.. Silas Adams c.1972 Daniel Kennedy bf.1973 - 1988 Antoine "Tony" Ashdoehonk 1988 - 2000 James L. O'Watch bf.2002 - 2006 K. Barry Kennedy (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Lauren Hotomani (f) 2008 - 2010 K. Barry Kennedy (2nd time) 2010 - 2012 Ivan B. Thompson 2012 - 2016 K. Barry Kennedy (3rd time) 2016 - 2018 Elsie Jack (f) 2018 - 2022 Brady O'Watch 2022 - Scott Eashappie Clearwater River Dene ![]() 1926 Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Portage La Loche). 1986 Renamed Big C. 1996 Renamed Clearwater River Dene. Chiefs 1926 - 19.. .... c.1937 Alphonse Piche c.1973 Louis Haineault bf.1978 - 1993 Frank Piche 1993 - 2013 J. Roy Cheecham 2013 - Teddy J. Clark Cote ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Cote). 1888 – 1969 Pelly (1894-1903 Swan River) Indian agency. Chiefs 1874 - 1884 Gabriel Cote (Mimiy "Pigeon") (d. 1884) 1884 - 1912 Joseph Cote 1912 - 1942 Jimmy Cote 1942 - 1944 Donald Cote 1944 - 1946 John Pelly 1946 - 1956 Allen Fiddler 1956 - 1962 Johnny Severight (1st time) 1962 - 1964 Hector Badger 1964 - 1966 Johnny Severight (2nd time) 1966 - 1969 Albert Cote 1969 - 1974 Antoine "Tony" Cote (1st time) (b. 1935 – d. 2019) 1974 Richard Whitehawk 1974 - 1978 Antoine "Tony" Cote (2nd time) (s.a.) 1978 - 1982 Norman Stevenson 1982 - 1992 Alfred J. Stevenson 1992 - 1994 Patrick Cote 1994 - 1996 George Tourangeau 1996 Lawrence Cote 1996 - 2000 James A. Severight 2000 - 2016 A. Norman Whitehawk 2016 - George P. Cote Cowessess ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Cowessess). Chiefs 1874 - 1886 Kiwisance "Little Child" (d. 1886) 1887 - 1890 Louis O'Soup (b. 183. – d. 1913) bf.1897 - af.1899 Nepahpeness 1903 - af.1909 Joseph Lerat bf.1973 - af.1978 Kenneth L. Sparvier (1st time) c.1982 Gordon D. Lerat (1st time) c.1985 Henry Delorme bf.1987 - af.1990 Kenneth L. Sparvier (2nd time) c.1991 Lionel K. Sparvier (1st time) bf.1992 - 1996 Terry W. Lavalle (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Lionel K. Sparvier (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Terrence Pelletier 2002 - af.2004 Patricia Sparvier (f) bf.2006 - 2010 Gordon D. Lerat (2nd time) 2010 - 2013 Grady M. Lerat 2013 - 2016 Terry W. Lavalle (2nd time) 2016 - 2023 Cadmus Delorme 2023 - Erica J. Beaudin (f) Cumberland House Cree ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Cumberland House). 1996 Renamed Cumberland House Cree Nation Chiefs 1876 - 1880 John Cochrane (d. 1880) 1880 - 1886 Albert Flett (1st time) (d. 1902) 1886 - 1889 Samuel Greenleaf 1889 - 1892 Albert Flett (2nd time) (s.a.) 1892 - 1895 Jeremiah Crane 1895 - 1897 Albert Flett (3rd time) (s.a.) 1898 - 1901 Jeremiah Crane (headman) 1901 - 1910 Vacant 1910 - 1977 .... c.1973 Tom Settee 1977 - 1981 Pierre Settee (1st time) 1981 - 1986 Joseph Laliberte 1986 - 1999 Pierre Settee (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Walter G. Sewap (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Pierre Settee (3rd time) 2003 - 2005 Peter Laliberte 2005 - 2009 Walter G. Sewap (2nd time) 2009 - 2018 Lorne G. Stewart 2018 - Rene Chaboyer Day Star ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Day Star). Chiefs 1874 - 1892 Kisecawchuck "Day Star" (d. 1892) bf.1897-af.1899 "Crow Buffalo" (headman) 1912 – 1935 Kinequon 1936 – 1964 James Kinequon 1964 – 1967 Morris Kinequon 1967 – 1969 Anthony Kinequon 1969 – 1971 Mark Kinequon 1971 – 1973 Hilliard Crow Buffalo 1973 – 1979 Steven Kapay 1979 – 1981 Tony Kinequon 1981 – 1987 Lloyd Kinequon 1987 – 1999 Cameron L. Kinequon 1999 - af.2003 Nelson Wright bf.2007 - 2009 Glen Buffalo 2009 - Lloyd W. Buffalo English River ![]() 1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (English River). Chiefs 1906 - 19.. William Apisis bf.1973 - af.1978 Jean Baptiste Sandypoint c.1982 Edward Black c.1987 Joseph W. Everett c.1989 Patrick Cambell bf.1990 - 1993 Louis George 1993 - 2001 Archie J. Campbell (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Alfred Dawatsare (1st time) 2003 - 2005 Tobie Aubichon 2005 - 2007 Archie J. Campbell (2nd time) 2007 - 2009 Raphael Paul 2009 - 2013 Alfred Dawatsare (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Marie Black (f) 2015 - 2019 Lawrence McIntyre 2019 - 2023 Jerry Bernard 2023 - Alfred Dawatsare (3rd time) Fishing Lake ![]() 1907 Separated from Yellow Quill, under the Treaty No. 4 (Fishing Lake). Chiefs 1907 - 1914 Vacant 1914 - 1956 Sabitawasis (b. c.1864 – d. 1956) 1956 - 1964 Arthur Anderson (1st time) 1964 - 1966 Joe F. Young 1966 - 1968 Arthur Anderson (2nd time) 1968 - 1970 Percy Severight 1970 - 1974 George Kayseas (1st time) 1974 - 1978 Matthew Smoke 1978 - 1984 George Kayseas (2nd time) 1984 - 1994 Allan Paquachan (1st time) 1994 - 1996 Michael Desjarlais (1st time) 1996 - af.2001 Allan Paquachan (2nd time) bf.2003 - 2007 Michael Desjarlais (2nd time) 2007 - 2009 Allan Paquachan (3rd time) 2009 - 2011 Shirley Wolfe (f) 2011 - 2015 Allan Paquachan (4th time) 2015 - Derek W. Sunshine Flying Dust ![]() 1878 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Kapahawakenum). 1902 Renamed Meadow Lake. 1948 - 1970 Meadow Lake Indian agency. 1978 Renamed Flying Dust. Chiefs 1878 - af.1885 Kapahawakenum "Flying Dust" bf.1897 - 1898 Band council [3 headmen] 1898 - af.1899 Alfred Mirasty (Moostoos) 1909 - 1918 James Bear 1918 - 1923 Vacant 1923 - 19.. Matchee c.1973 Frank Mirasty (1st time) (b. 1931) 1976 – 197. Frank Mirasty (2nd time) (s.a.) c.1978 Albert P. Derocher 19.. - 1982 Frank Mirasty (3rd time) (s.a.) 1982 - 1984 .... 1984 - 1996 Richard Gladue (1st time) 1996 Gerald Durocher 1996 - 1998 Bobby E. Mirasty 1998 - 2004 Richard Merasty 2004 - 2008 Percy Derocher 2008 - 2012 James Norman 2012 - 2014 Robert A. Merasty 2014 - 2016 Richard Gladue (2nd time) 2016 - 2022 Jeremy Norman 2022 - Tyson Bear Fond du Lac ![]() 1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fond du Lac). Chiefs 1899 - 19.. Maurice Piche c.1930 Joseph Dziedins c.1973 Adolphus B. Mercredi (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Pierre Fern 1978 - 1980 August Mercredi (1st time) 1980 - 1981 Germain Adam 1981 - 1985 Adolphus B. Mercredi (2nd time) 1985 - 1987 August Mercredi (2nd time) 1987 George Fern (1st time) 1987 - 1989 Roger Mercredi 1989 - 1991 August Mercredi (3rd time) 1991 - 1992 Napoleon J. Mercredi (1st time) 1992 - 1993 George Fern (2nd time) 1993 Joe Marten 1993 - 1994 August Mercredi (4th time) 1994 - 1995 Adolphus B. Mercredi (3rd time) 1995 - 1996 Napoleon J. Mercredi (2nd time) 1996 - 1998 Caroline D. Isadore (f) 1998 - 1999 Napoleon J. Mercredi (3rd time) 1999 - 2004 I. Edward Marten 2004 - 2005 Alan B. Adam 2005 - 2007 Victor D. Fern 2007 - 2009 Albert Mercredi 2009 - 2011 Napoleon J. Mercredi (4th time) 2011 - 2015 Earl J. Lidguere 2015 - 2017 Jerry R. Adam 2017 - 2021 Louis Mercredi 2021 - 2024 Kevin Mercredi 2024 - Ronnie Augier George Gordon ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Gordon). 2007 Renamed George Gordon. Chiefs 1874 - 1894 George Gordon (Kaneonuskatew "Walks on Four Claws") (d. 1894) bf.1897 - af.1899 Band council [3 headmen] bf.1973 - af.1982 Hilliard McNab bf.1987 - af.1991 Wayne Morris bf.1992 - 1996 Bryan A. McNabb (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Dennis R. Hunter bf.2000 - 2008 Bryan A. McNabb (2nd time) 2008 - 2010 Ken Sinclair 2010 - 2012 Glen Pratt 2012 - 2016 Shawn R. Longman (1st time) 2016 - 2017 Bryan A. McNabb (3rd time) 2017 - 2018 John McNab 2018 - 2024 Byron Bitternose 2024 - Shawn R. Longman (2nd time) Hatchet Lake ![]() 1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Lac La Hache). 1990 Renamed Hatchet Lake. Chiefs 1906 - 19.. Thomas Benaouni c.1973 Martin Josie (1st time) 1976 - 1977 Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (1st time) 1977 - 1978 Joseph Besskkaystare 1978 - 1981 Martin Josie (2nd time) 1981 - 1984 Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (2nd time) 1984 - 1986 A. Hector Kkailther (1st time) 1986 - 1987 Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (3rd time) 1987 - 1988 Angus Joseyounen (1st time) 1988 - 1991 Edward Benonie 1991 - 1993 Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (4th time) 1993 - 1994 Alfred Tsannie 1994 - 1996 Emilien Hanson (1st time) 1996 - 1998 A. Hector Kkailther (2nd time) 1998 Emilien Hanson (2nd time) 1998 - 2000 Laura F. Natomagan (f) 2000 - 2002 Louis P. Josie (1st time) 2002 - 2004 Angus Joseyounen (2nd time) 2004 - 2007 Louis P. Josie (2nd time) 2007 - 2009 Rosalie E. Tsannie-Burseth (f) 2009 - Bartholomew J. Tsannie James Smith Cree
Chiefs 1876 - 1902 James Smith (d. 1902) 1903 - 1937 James Head (d. 1937) 1938 - 1946 Edward McLean 1946 - 1953 Abel McLeod 1953 - 1955 John W. Sanderson 1955 - 1959 George Burns 1959 - 1963 William J. Head (1st time) 1963 John M. McLeod (d. 1963) 1963 - 1965 Samuel Moostoos (1st time) 1965 - 1969 William J. Head (2nd time) 1969 Samuel Moostoos (2nd time) 1969 - 1971 William J. Head (3rd time) 1971 - 1973 Simon R. Brittain 1973 - 1979 Solomon Sanderson 1979 - 1981 James R. Burns 1981 - 1983 Isaac Daniels 1983 - 1987 Angus McLean 1987 - 1989 Terry Sanderson (1st time) 1989 - 1992 Walter J. Constant (1st time) 1992 - 1997 Terry Sanderson (2nd time) 1997 - 2000 Eddie Head 2000 - 2004 Walter J. Constant (2nd time) 2004 - 2006 George M. Marion 2006 - 2008 Luther Constant 2008 - 2009 Wally R. Burns (1st time) 2009 - 2010 Calvin Sanderson 2010 - 2014 Wally R. Burns (2nd time) 2014 - 2016 Justin Burns 2016 - 2024 Wally R. Burns (3rd time) 2024 - Kirby Constant Kahkewistahaw ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Kahkewistahaw). 1885 - 1969 Crooked Lake Indian agency. 1996 Casino opened. Head chief of the Rabbit Skin People (Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] allies in the south-eastern part of Saskatchewan) bf.1860 - 1874 Kakiwistahaw "Flies Around" (b. c.1810 - d. 1905) Chiefs 1874 - 1905 Kakiwistahaw "Flies Around" (s.a.) 1905 - 1911 Vacant 1911 - 19.. Joe Louison c.1973 Louis E. Taypotat (1st time) 1976 - 1989 Louis E. Taypotat (2nd time) 1989 - 1991 Charles B. Bob 1991 - 2009 Louis E. Taypotat (3rd time) 2009 - 2013 Sheldon K. Taypotat 2013 - 2017 Louis E. Taypotat (4th time) 2017 - Evan Taypotat Kawacatoose ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Poorman). 1886 - 1970 Touchwood Indian agency. 1990 Renamed Kawacatoose. Head chief of the Touchwood Hills People (Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] allies in eastern part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1874 Kawacatoose "Poor Man" (d. 1882) Chiefs 1874 - 1882 Kawacatoose "Poor Man" (s.a.) 1883 - 1932 Tawequaesquape "Middle of the Sky" 1932 - 1954 Edward Poorman 1954 - 1956 Edward Worm (1st time) 1956 - 1958 .... 1958 - 1966 John Skeboss (1st time) 1966 - 1968 Edward Worm (2nd time) 1968 - 1970 John Skeboss (2nd time) 1970 - 1972 Joe Littletent 1972 - 1976 Howard Dustyhorn (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Edward Desjarlais 1978 - 1982 Howard Dustyhorn (2nd time) 1982 - 2002 Richard Poorman (b. 1945 – d. 2008) bf.2006 - 2010 Dennis Dustyhorn (1st time) 2010 - 2014 Darren Poorman 2014 - 2018 Dennis Dustyhorn (2nd time) 2018 - 2022 Thomas Dustyhorn 2022 - Lee-Anne Kehler (f) Keeseekoose ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Keeseekoose). Chiefs 1874 - af.1899 Kishikonsh "Little Sky" c.1973 Daniel Keshane c.1978 Felix Musqua c.1982 Denzil H. Kitchemonia bf.1987 - 1996 Albert J. Musqua 1996 - 2002 Theodore D. Quewezance 2002 - 2011 Phillip Quewezance 2011 - 2014 Riel L. Keshane 2014 - 2017 Lyndon R. Musqua 2017 - 2021 Calvin Straightnose 2021 - 2024 Lee Kitchemonia 2024 - Alvin T. Musqua Kinistin Saulteaux ![]() 1907 Separated from Yellow Quill, under the Treaty No. 4 (Kinistino). 1997/2002 Renamed Kinistin Saulteaux Nation. Chiefs 1907 - af.1914 Vacant c.1973 Patrick A. Thomas (1st time) c.1978 Stanley Smokyday c.1982 Patrick A. Thomas (2nd time) bf.1987 - af.1989 Billy Scott bf.1990 - af.1992 Albert Scott (1st time) bf.1995 - 1999 Felix Thomas (1st time) 1999 - 2003 Donna Renneberg (f) 2003 - 2009 Felix Thomas (2nd time) 2009 - 2011 Peter Nippi 2011 - 2013 Albert Scott (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 David R. Scott 2015 - 2021 Gregory Scott 2021 - Felix Thomas (3rd time) Lac La Ronge ![]() 11 Feb
1889
Adherence to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876
(James Roberts Band). Chiefs of James Roberts Band (La
Ronge, Sask.) Little Pine
1879
Signed the
Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Lucky Man).
1909
Separated from Onion Lake, under the
Treaty No. 6 (Island Lake). Mistawasis Nêhiyawak Montreal Lake Moosomin Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man ![]() 1878 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Mosquito). 1951 Renamed Mosquito-Grizzly Bear’s Head. 1996 Casino opened. 2007 Renamed Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man. Chiefs 1878 - 1885 Sukemaw "Mosquito" (d. 1890) 1885 - af.1914 Vacant c.1948 Jim Spyglass c.1973 Arthur Beaudry (1st time) c.1978 Martin Spyglass c.1982 Douglas Moosomin c.1987 Arthur Beaudry (2nd time) bf.1989 - 1992 Jenny Spyglass (f) 1992 - 2011 Clarence Stone 2011 - 2013 Noel Stone 2013 - 2019 Daniel Starchief 2019 - Tanya Aguilar (f) 1875
Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Muscowpetung). Muskeg Lake Cree
1876
Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Kitowehow). 1876 - 1880 Alexandre Cayen (Kitowehow) (b. 1834 - d. 1886) 1880 - 1889 Isidore Cayen (Petequakey) (b. 1845 - d. 1889) 1889 - 1900 Vacant 1900 - 1914 Jean Baptiste Lafond (headman) (b. 1853 - d. 1917) 1915 - 1917 George H. Greyeyes (b. 1875 - d. 1917) 1917 - 1920 Vacant 1920 - 1932 Andrew Lafond (b. 1880 - d. 1952) 1933 - 1956 Joseph Ledoux (b. 1877 - d. 1956) 1956 - 1958 Emile Venne (b. 1918 - d. 1999) 1958 - 1959 David Georges Greyeyes (b. 1914 - d. 1996) 1959 - 1960 Louis O. "Meskanas" Arcand (b. 1898 - d. 1992) (acting) 1960 - 1962 Alphonsine "Alpha" Lafond (f) (b. 1926 – d. 2000) 1962 - 1964 Joseph Greyeyes (b. 1905 - d. 1990) 1964 - 1972 Frederick "Sonny" Lafond (b. 1931 - d. 1989) (1st time) 1972 - 1974 Richard "Dickie" Greyeyes (b. 1930) 1974 - 1978 Frederick "Sonny" Lafond (s.a.) (2nd time) 1978 - 1982 Leonard Ledoux (b. 1943) 1982 - 1989 Wallace J. Tawpisin (b. 1951) 1989 - 1990 David Lafond (acting) 1990 - 2000 Harry James Lafond (b. 1949) 2000 - 2009 Gilbert C. Ledoux (1st time) 2009 - 2015 Clifford W. Tawpisin, Jr. 2015 - 2018 Gilbert C. Ledoux (2nd time) 2018 - Kelly Wolfe Muskoday ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (John Smith). 1992/96 Renamed Muskoday. Chiefs 1876 - 1924 John Smith (Mistikoonapac) (b. 1825 – d. 1924) 1924 - 1947 Robert Bear 1947 - 1953 Andrew Bear (1st time) 1953 - 1955 David Knight (1st time) (b. 1915 – d. 1985) 1955 - 1959 .... 1959 - 1963 David Knight (2nd time) (s.a.) 1959 - 1961 Gilbert H. Bear 1961 - 1975 Andrew Bear (2nd time) 1975 - 1977 Joseph Bear 1977 – 1981 Andrew Bear (3rd time) 1981 - 1983 David Knight (3rd time) (s.a.) 1983 - 1985 Mervin Bear 1985 - 1991 Everett Bear 1991 - 2019 C. Austin Bear 2019 - 2021 Herman Crain 2021 - 2023 Ava Bear (f) 2023 - Ronald Bear Muskowekwan ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Muskowekwan). Chiefs 1874 Kakenawup "Sits Like an Eagle" (d. 1874) 1874 - af.1899 Maskawikwan "Hard Quill" 1918 - 1933 Thomas Desjarlais c.1973 Walter Wolf bf.1978 - af.1982 Harvey Desjarlais bf.1987 - 1997 Albert Pinacie 1997 - 1999 Phillip Wolfe 1999 - 2001 Ernest Moise 2001 - af.2003 Shirley Wolfe-Keller (f) bf.2007 - 2021 Reginald F. Bellerose 2021 - Jamie Wolfe Nekaneet 1913 Reserve set aside (Maple Creek). 1975 Renamed Nekaneet, added to the Treaty No.4 of 1874. 2008 Casino opened. Chiefs 1882 - 1897 Nekaneet "Foremost Man" (d. 1897) c.1913 "Crooked Legs" 1958 - 1962 Gordon Oakes (1st time) (b. 1932 - d. 2002) 1962 - 1970 .... 1970 - 197. Gordon Oakes (2nd time) (s.a.) c.1973 Lawrence Mosquito bf.1978 - 1992 Gordon Oakes (3rd time) (s.a.) 1992 - 1996 Glen Oakes 1996 - 2005 Larry Oakes 2005 - 2011 Alice Pahtaykan (f) 2011 - 2017 Jordi J. Fourhorns 2017 - 2023 Alvin Francis 2023 - Carolyn Wahobin (f) Ocean Man ![]() 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Ocean Man). 1901 – 1990 Amalgamated into White Bear. Chiefs 1875 - 18.. Mniwaja Tangawica "Great Seaman" c.1884 Nunge Sha "Red Ears" bf.1887 - 1889 "Striped Blanket" (d. 1889) bf.1897 - af.1899 "Waving in the Wind" (headman) 1901 - 1990 None 1990 - 2001 Laura Big Eagle (f) (b. 1927 - d. 2001) 2001 - 2009 Connie Big Eagle (f) (1st time) 2009 - 2015 Gloria N. Shepherd (f) 2015 - Connie Big Eagle (f) (2nd time) Ochapowace ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Kakisheway). 1884 Renamed Ochapowace. Head chief of the Calling River People (Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] and Assiniboine allies in the southern part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1874 Kakisiwew "Loud Voice" (b. c.1796 - d. 1884) Chiefs 1874 - 1884 Kakisiwew "Loud Voice" (s.a.) 1884 - 1891 Ochapowace bf.1897 - af.1899 Band council [3 headmen] bf.1908 - 1917 Walter Ochapowace 1917 - 1933 Vacant 1933 - 1949 Jack Ochapowace c.19.. Sam Watson 1953 - 1955 Peter Watson 1955 - 1959 .... 1959 - 1961 Ivan Watson bf.1973 - af.1982 Cameron W. Watson c.1987 Morley A. Watson c.198. Louis Kenny 1989 - 2009 Denton F. George (b. 1950 – d. 2009) 2009 - 2014 Ross F. Allary (b. 1944) 2014 - 2023 Margaret Bear (f) 2023 - Shelley A. Bear (f) Okanese ![]() 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Okanese). Chiefs 1875 - 1885 Okanis "Rose Berry" 1885 - 1895 Moostooacoop (headman) (d. 1895) 1895 - 1935 Vacant 1935 "Day Walker" 1935 - 1941 Willie Yuzicappi 1941 - 1953 Vacant 1953 - 19.. James Tuckanow c.1973 Michael Yuzicappi 1975 - 1980 Arthur Walker 1981 - 2020 Marie A. Day Walker-Pelletier (f) 2020 - Richard Stonechild One Arrow ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (One Arrow). Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Kapeyakwaskonam "One Arrow" (b. 1815 - d. 1886) 1885 - af.1914 Vacant c.1973 Marcel Paul c.1978 Francis H. Baldhead bf.1982 - af.1996 Richard J. John c.1997 Mary C. Sutherland (f) bf.1999 - 2012 Dwayne Paul 2012 - 2017 Kirk P. Matchap 2017 - 2023 Tricia Sutherland (f) 2023 - Janine Baldhead (f) Onion Lake Cree
1879 - 1948 Onion Lake (to 1887, Fort Pitt) Indian Agency established. 1914 Renamed Onion Lake. 2006 Renamed Onion Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Sakaskoc "Cut Arm" (d. 1885) 1885 - 1914 Vacant c.1929 Joe Taylor c.1933 Pierre Harper 1964 - 1966 Lloyd Chief c.1973 Robert Chief bf.1978 - af.1979 Alex Harper 1981 - 1983 Norman P. Dillon 1983 - 1986 Leo Paul 1986 - 1990 Wallace G. Fox (1st time) 1990 - 1992 Donald Cardinal 1992 - 1994 Joseph P. Waskewitch 1994 - 2000 Wallace G. Fox (2nd time) 2000 - 2002 Henry Lewis (1st time) 2002 - 2004 Wallace G. Fox (3rd time) 2004 - 2008 Henry Lewis (2nd time) 2008 - 2018 Wallace G. Fox (4th time) 2018 - Henry Lewis (3rd time) Pasqua ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Pasqua). Chiefs 1874 - 1889 Joseph Pasqua (Paskwaw (b. 1828 – d. 1889) "The Plain") bf.1897 - af.1899 Band council [4 headmen] 1911 - af.1931 Ben Pasqua c.1948 John Gambler c.1973 Stanley Pasqua c.1978 Alvin Strongeagle bf.1982 - 1993 Lindsay T. Cyr 1993 - 2001 M. Todd Peigan (1st time) (b. 1967) 2001 - 2011 Elaine Chicoose (f) 2011 - M. Todd Peigan (2nd time) (s.a.) Peepeekisis Cree ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (from 1880, named Peepeekisis). 1885 - 1970 File Hills Indian agency (1901-14 closed). 1997/2002 Renamed Peepeekisis Cree Nation Chiefs 1874 - 187. Can-ah-ha-cha-pew "Ready Bow" (d. 187.) 1880 - 1889 Peepeekisis "Little Hawk" (d. 1889) 1889 - 1894 Band council [1 - 3 headmen] 1894 - 1935 Vacant 1935 - 19.. Joseph Desnomie bf.1973 - af.1978 Edward Pinay c.1982 George Poitras bf.1986 - 1996 Enoch J. Poitras 1996 - 1998 Eugene D. Poitras 1998 - 2002 Walter McNabb 2002 - af.2004 Lyle Desnomie bf.2006 - 2010 Beverly Bellegarde (f) 2010 - 2018 Michael J. Koochikum 2018 - Francis Dieter Pelican Lake ![]() 1929 Separated from Big River, under the Treaty No. 6 (Pelican Lake). Chiefs 1929 - 1937 Louis Chamakese c.19.. James Whitehead c.19.. Tom Thomas c.1973 Jacob Bill (1st time) bf.1978 - af.1982 Leo A. Thomas (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1989 Jacob Bill (2nd time) bf.1990 - 1992 Leo A. Thomas (2nd time) 1992 - af.1997 Edward Bill c.2000 William Thomas (acting) bf.2001 - 2010 Peter Bill (1st time) 2010 - 2019 Dennis Lewis 2019 - Peter Bill (2nd time) Peter Ballantyne Cree 1895
Paid annuities under James Roberts Band (modern Lac La
Ronge). Chiefs Pheasant Rump Nakota 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Pheasant Rump). 1901 - 1990 Amalgamated into White Bear. 1990 Renamed Pheasant Rump Nakota. Chiefs 1876 - af.1888 Sheonitay "Pheasant Rump" bf.1897 - af.1899 Band council [3 headmen] 1901 - 1990 None 1990 - af.1992 Calvin J. McArthur bf.1996 - 1999 James A. McArthur 1999 - 2002 Richard McArthur 2002 - 2005 Patrick McArthur 2005 – 2011 Olive McArthur (f) 2011 - 2014 Terrance R. McArthur 2014 - Ira D. McArthur Piapot ![]() 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Piapot). Head chief of the Prairie People (Plains Cree and their Assiniboine allies in south-western part of Saskatchewan) bf.1860 - 1875 Piyapwat (b. c.1816 - d. 1908) Chiefs 1875 - 1902 Piyapwat (s.a.) c.1969 Rose Desjarlais (f) bf.1973 - af.1974 Patrick Fourhorns c.1978 Alfred LaVallee bf.1979 - af.1982 Roland Crowe bf.1987 - af.1992 Clayton A. Kaiswatum c.1994 Joe Fourhorns 1997 - 1999 Ronald Crowe (b. 1943) 1999 - af.2001 Murray Ironchild c.2003 Claude Friday bf.2006 - af.2008 John Rockthunder 2010 - 2014 Jeremy G. Fourhorns (1st time) 2014 - 2016 Ira Lavallee 2016 - 2020 Jeremy G. Fourhorns (2nd time) 2020 - Mark Fox Poundmaker ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Poundmaker). Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Pihtokahanapiwiyin "Poundmaker" (b. 1842 - d. 1886) 1885 - 1923 Vacant 1923 - 1932 .... 1932 - 1959 Thomas Favel bf.1973 - af.1978 David Tootoosis c.1982 Henry Favel bf.1987 - 1988 Lawrence Weenie 1988 - 1992 Ted L. Antoine (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Blaine C. Favel 1994 - 2008 Ted L. Antoine (2nd time) 2008 - Dwayne Antoine Red Earth ![]() 1910 Separated from Opaskwayak, under the Treaty No. 5 (Red Earth). Chiefs 1910 - 1940 Jeremiah Nawakayas (b. 1862 - d. 1940) (to 1913, headman) 1940 Isaiah Badger 1940 - 1969 Robert McKay (b. 1887 – d. 1969) 1969 - 1978 John W. Head (d. 1978) 1978 - 1986 Alvin W. Head 1986 - 1993 Philip Head 1993 - 1996 Cyril Head 1996 - 1999 Roy C. Head 1999 - 2011 Miller Nawakayas 2011 - 2018 Ian P. McKay 2018 - 2020 Ina Whitehead (f) 2020 - 2023 Fabian Head 2023 - Zachary Whitecap Red Pheasant ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Red Pheasant). Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Pihew-kamihkosit "Red Pheasant" (d. 1885) 1885 - af.1914 Vacant c.1948 George Nicotine c.1973 Gavin Wuttunee bf.1978 - af.1982 Harry Nicotine bf.1987 - 1997 Michael Baptiste 1997 - 2001 Leonard "Larry" Wuttunee 2001 - 2003 Glen Kestatagon 2003 - 2005 Craig Wuttunee 2005 - 2006 Charles Meechance 2006 - 2010 Sheldon Wuttunee 2010 - 2016 Stewart C. Baptiste 2016 - 2024 Clint Wuttunee 2024 - Cody Benson Saulteaux ![]() 1910 Reserve set aside (Saulteaux). 1954 Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876. Chiefs 1910 - 19.. .... c.1973 Francis Katcheech c.1978 Alex Gopher bf.1982 - 1999 Gabriel Gopher 1999 - 2001 Fred Gopher 2001 - 2003 Garry Gopher 2003 - 2007 Brian Moccasin 2007 - 2009 Sarah Gopher (f) 2009 - 2011 Kenneth Moccasin (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Velma Night (f) 2013 - 2015 Leo Moccasin 2015 - Kenneth Moccasin (2nd time) Shoal Lake Cree ![]() 1910 Separated from Opaskwayak, under the Treaty No. 5 (Shoal Lake). 1989 Renamed Shoal Lake Band of the Cree Nation. 2006 Renamed Shoal Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1910 - 1948 Albert Moore (to 1913, headman) 1949 - 1966 Gilbert Moore 1966 - 1978 Thomas Young 1978 - 1981 Norman D. Head 1981 - 1982 Walter Lathlin (d. 1982) 1982 - 1984 Gerald D. Bear 1984 - 1990 Charles Whitecap 1990 - 1999 Dennis Whitecap 1999 - 2008 Marcel V. Head (1st time) 2008 - 2011 Kevin Bear 2011 - 2014 Marcel V. Head (2nd time) 2014 - 2018 Lionel A. Bear 2018 - 2020 Norma Bear (f) 2020 - Marcel V. Head (3rd time) Standing Buffalo ![]() 1864 Arrived from the U.S. (Standing Buffalo). 1878 Reserve set aside, no treaty. Chiefs 1864 – 1870 Tatanka Najin "Standing Buffalo I" (b. c.1820 - d. 1870) 1871 – 1921 Tatanka Najin "Standing Buffalo II"(b. 1846 - d. 1921) (personal name Matoki Najin "Standing Bear") c.1926 Julius Standing Buffalo (b. 1869 – d. 1938) bf.1973 - af.1978 Alex Buffalo bf.1982 - af.1991 Melvin Isnana (1st time) c.1992 Wayne Goodwill bf.1994 - af.2001 Melvin Isnana (2nd time) bf.2007 - 2019 Rodger G. Redman (1st time) 2019 - 2022 Roberta Soo-Oyewaste (f) 2022 - Rodger G. Redman (2nd time) Star Blanket Cree ![]() 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (from 1875, named Star Blanket). 1997/2002 Renamed Star Blanket Cree Nation. Chiefs 1874 - 1875 Wapiy-mosetosis "White Calf" (d. 1875) 1875 - 1917 Acahkosak-ohtakohpit (b. c.1845 – d. 1917) "Star Blanket" c.1934 Atim-wakawasit "Red Dog" c.19.. Victor Starblanket 1971 - af.1973 Noel Starblanket (b. 1946 – d. 2019) bf.1978 - 2003 Irvin G. Starr (1st time) (b. 1939 – d. 2009) (from 1991, Irvin G. Starblanket) 2003 - 2006 Clifford Starr 2006 - 2009 Irvin G. Starblanket (2nd time) (s.a.) 2009 - Michael G. Starr Sturgeon Lake
1915 Renamed Sturgeon Lake. 1959 - 1969 Carlton Indian agency. Chiefs 1876 - 1882 William Twatt (Osawaskonikik) (d. af.1890) bf.1897 - 1915 Band council [3-4 headmen] 1915 - 1921 Thomas Charles (1st time) 1921 - 1923 .... 1923 - 1926 John Moosehunter 1926 - 1929 Thomas Charles (2nd time) 1930 - 1933 William Charles 1933 - 1962 David Anderson 1962 - 1967 .... 1967 - 1969 John Charles (1st time) 1969 - 1972 .... 1972 - 1979 Harold Kingfisher 1979 Andrew Naytowhow 1979 - 1981 John Charles (2nd time) 1981 - 1984 Henry W. Daniels (1st time) 1984 - 1988 Wesley R. Daniels (1st time) 1988 - 1990 Henry W. Daniels (2nd time) 1990 - 1992 Wesley R. Daniels (2nd time) 1992 - 1998 Earl Ermine (1st time) 1998 - 2001 Wesley R. Daniels (3rd time) 2001 - 2004 Earl Ermine (2nd time) 2004 - 2007 Willard H. Daniels 2007 - 2013 Wesley R. Daniels (4th time) 2013 - 2015 Craig Bighead 2015 - 2016 Henry Felix 2016 - 2022 Gregory Ermine 2022 - Christine Longjohn (f) Sweetgrass ![]() 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Sweetgrass). 1877 - 1970 Battleford Indian agency. Head chiefs of the Prairie River People (Plains Cree in the western part of Saskatchewan) bf.1866 - 1876 Abraham Sweet Grass (d. 1877) (Wikusko-kisayin) c.1872 - 1876 Mistahi-maskwa "Big Bear" (b. c.1825 - d. 1888) (in opposition, not recognized by Canada) Chiefs 1876 - 1877 Abraham Sweet Grass (s.a.) (Wikusko-kisayin) 1877 - 1884 "Strike Him on the Back" 1884 - 1885 Apseenes "Young Sweetgrass" 1885 - 1918 Vacant 1918 - 1924 Harry Atcheynum 1925 - 1954 Sam Swimmer 1954 - 1956 Vacant 1956 - 1957 Andrew Swimmer 1957 - 1958 Ben Atcheynum (1st time) 1958 - 1959 James Favel 1959 - 1961 Solomon Albert 1961 - 1963 John Weenie 1963 - 1965 Adam Paskemin 1965 - 1967 Ben Atcheynum (2nd time) 1967 - 1971 Joseph Weenie 1971 - 1972 Ben Atcheynum (3rd time) 1972 - 1973 Stephen Pooyak (1st time) 1973 - 1974 Ben Weenie 1974 - 1979 Stephen Pooyak (2nd time) 1979 - 1983 Gordon Albert 1983 - 1985 Roderick Atcheynum (1st time) 1985 - 1989 Don Pooyak 1989 - 1999 E. Wayne Standinghorn (1st time) 1999 - 2003 Tom Whitecalf 2003 - 2005 Roderick Atcheynum (2nd time) 2005 - 2011 E. Wayne Standinghorn (2nd time) 2011 - 2017 Laurie A. Whitecalf (f) (1st time) 2017 - 2019 Laurence Paskemin 2019 - Laurie A. Whitecalf (f) (2nd time) The Key 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (The Key). Chiefs 1875 - af.1899 Owtahpeekakaw "The Key" 1954 - 1956 Gwen O'Soup (f) (b. 1930 – d. 2005) bf.1973 - af.1978 Sterling Brass c.1982 Dennis O'Soup (1st time) c.1988 Percy O'Soup bf.1990 - 1996 Dennis O'Soup (2nd time) 1996 - 2000 Campbell Papequash 2000 - 2002 Carey O'Soup 2002 - 2008 Isabel O'Soup (f) 2008 - 2014 R. Clarence Papequash (1st time) 2014 - 2016 David D. Cote 2016 - 2018 Rodney J. Brass 2018 - 2022 R. Clarence Papequash (2nd time) 2022 - Clinton Key Thunderchild ![]() 1879 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Thunderchild). Chiefs 1879 - 1929 Peyasiw-awasis "Thunderchild" (b. 1849 - d. 1929) 1929 - 1951 James Okanee 1951 - 1953 Antoine Weekusk 1953 - 1955 David Jimmy 1955 - 1957 Egerton Thunderchild (1st time) 1957 - 1959 John Jimmy 1959 - 1961 Alex Takakenew 1961 - 1962 Andrew Paddy (1st time) 1962 - 1963 George Horse 1963 - 1965 George Alexander 1965 - 1967 Norman Sunchild (1st time) 1967 - 1969 Joseph Jimmy 1969 Egerton Thunderchild (2nd time) 1969 - 1970 Norman Sunchild (2nd time) 1970 - 1971 Winston Weekusk (1st time) 1971 - 1972 Andrew Paddy (2nd time) 1972 - 1973 Alfred Peachow 1973 Andrew Paddy (3rd time) 1973 - 1976 Charles Paddy (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Winston Weekusk (2nd time) 1978 - 1983 Andrew Paddy (4th time) 1983 - 1984 Gordon Thunderchild (1st time) 1984 - 1985 Winston Weekusk (3rd time) 1985 - 1986 Antoine Weekusk 1986 - 1990 Gordon Thunderchild (2nd time) 1990 - 1993 Charles Paddy (2nd time) 1993 - 1998 Winston Weekusk (4th time) 1998 - 2002 Delbert P. Wapass (1st time) 2002 - 2005 Winston Weekusk (5th time) 2005 - 2006 Walter N. Jimmy 2007 - 2010 Dale D. Awasis 2010 - 2018 Delbert P. Wapass (2nd time) 2018 - 2022 James Snakeskin 2022 - Delbert P. Wapass (3rd time) Wahpeton Dakota ![]() 1894 Separated from Whitecap (Wahpeton), reserve set aside, no treaty. 1996 Renamed Wahpeton Dakota Nation. Chiefs 1894 - af.1899 Vacant 1975 - 1980 Cyrus M. Standing (1st time) 1981 - 1984 Leo J. Omani (1st time) (b. 1955) 1984 - 1987 Cyrus M. Standing (2nd time) 1987 - 1993 Lorne Waditika 1993 - 1996 Cyrus M. Standing (3rd time) 1996 - 1999 Leo J. Omani (2nd time) (s.a.) 1999 - 2008 Garry Standing 2008 - 2011 Cyrus M. Standing (4th time) 2011 - 2017 Leo J. Omani (3rd time) (s.a.) 2017 - John Waditaka Waterhen Lake ![]() 1916 Reserve set aside (Waterhen Lake). 1921 Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876. Chiefs c.1921 "Running Around" c.1973 Frederick Martel (1st time) bf.1978 - af.1982 George Larocque bf.1987 - af.1990 Frederick Martel (2nd time) c.1991 Robert Fiddler bf.1994 - 1996 Richard Fiddler (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Michael Ernest c.2000 Richard Fiddler (2nd time) bf.2002 - 2008 Sidney Fiddler 2008 - 2010 Richard Fiddler (3rd time) 2010 - 2020 Carolyn A. Bernard (f) 2020 Blaine Fiddler White Bear ![]() 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (White Bear). 1886 - 1934 Moose Mountain Indian agency. 1996 Casino opened. Chiefs 1875 - 1889 Wapimaskwa "White Bear"(1st time)(b. 1815 - d. 1900) 1889 - 1897 Band council 1897 - 1900 Wapimaskwa "White Bear"(2nd time)(s.a.) 1900 - 1979 .... c.1973 Billie Standingready c.1978 Norman Shepherd 1979 - 1991 Brian C. Standingready (1st time) 1991 - 1997 Bernard Shepherd 1997 - 1999 Brian C. Standingready (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Annette Lonechild (f)(1st itme) 2001 - 2017 Brian C. Standingready (3rd time) 2017 - 2021 Nathan Pasap 2021 - 2023 Annette Lonechild (f)(2nd time) 2023 - Jonathan V. Pasap Whitecap Dakota ![]() 1862 Arrived from the U.S. (Whitecap), no treaty. 1881 Renamed Moose Woods, reserve set aside. 1992/94 Renamed Whitecap Dakota. 2007 Casino opened. Chiefs 1862 - 1885 Wapaha Ska "White Cap" (d. 1889) 1885 - 19.. Vacant 1933 - 1961 Harry Littlecrow (b. 1889 – d. 1961) c.1962 William Eagle c.196. William Littlecrow bf.1982 - af.1988 Elizabeth Royal (f) bf.1989 - af.1991 Charles R. Eagle c.1992 Donald G. Royal 1994 - Darcy M. Bear Witchekan Lake 1914 Reserve set aside (Witchekan Lake). 21 Nov 1950 Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876. Chiefs 1914 - 19.. .... c.1950 Louie Thomas c.1973 Robert Bush bf.1978 - af.1982 Edward Fineday c.1987 George Jim bf.1988 - 1996 Mike Fineday 1996 - 2008 Kenneth J. Thomas (1st time) 2008 - 2014 Steven J. Jim 2014 - 2016 Kenneth J. Thomas (2nd time) 2016 - 2023 Annie Thomas (f) 2023 - Raymon Harris Wood Mountain ![]() 1877 Arrived from the U.S., to 1881 led by Hunkpapa Lakota head chief Tatanka Iyotake "Sitting Bull" (b. 1831 – d. 1890). 1881 Named Moosejaw, no treaty. 1909 Renamed Wood Mountain, reserve set aside. 1914 - 1939 Wood Mountain Indian agency. Chiefs 1881 - af.1911 Wambli Gi "Brown Eagle" 1934 - 1952 Joe Ferguson (b. 1868 – d. 1952) 1952 - 1964 John LeCaine (b. 1890 – d. 1964) c.1973 William Goodtrack (1st time) bf.1978 - af.1982 Douglas Lethbridge (1st time) c.1985 William Goodtrack (2nd time) c.1987 Douglas Lethbridge (2nd time) bf.1989 - 2007 William Goodtrack (3rd time) 2007 - 2010 Ellen B. LeCaine (f) (1st time) 2010 - 2012 David M. Ogle 2012 - 2015 Travis W. Ogle 2015 - Ellen B. LeCaine (f) (2nd time) Yellow Quill ![]() 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Yellow Quill). 1907 - 1990 Renamed Nut Lake. Chiefs 1875 - 1876 Osawaskokwanepi "Yellow Quill" (d. 1910) bf.1885 - 1890 Band council [2 headmen] 1891 - 1906 Ne-pin-e-way "Summer Fir" (headman) 1906 - af.1914 Vacant 19.. - 1968 "The Farmer" (b. 1887 – d. 1968) c.1973 Joe Quewezance (1st time) c.1978 Robert A. Kinniewess c.1982 Joe Quewezance (2nd time) c.1987 George Pee-Ace c.1989 Joe Quewezance (3rd time) bf.1990 - 2002 Henry "Hank" Neapetung 2002 - 2008 Robert Whitehead 2008 - 2014 Larry B. Cachene 2014 - John Machiskinic Zagime Anishinabek ![]() 1881 Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4 (Sakimay). Sep 2019 Renamed Zagime Anishinabek. Chiefs 1881 Sakime "Mosquito" (d. 1881) 1881 - af.1883 "Yellow Calf" (headman) bf.1897 - af.1899 Vacant c.1973 Riel Acoose bf.1978 - af.1982 Noel Williams bf.1987 - af.1992 Samuel Bunnie bf.1994 - af.1997 Lindsay Kaye (f) (1st time) bf.1999 - af.2003 Gilbert Paniekeesick bf.2007 - 2009 Lindsay Kaye (f) (2nd time) 2009 - B. Lynn Acoose (f) Yukon Carcross/Tagish
1982 Renamed Carcross/Tagish. 2005 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1905 Charlie Tagish (Yeildoogu) + Jim Tagish (Kaxootsk’) bf.1937 - af.1956 Patsy Henderson (Koolseen) (b. c.1879 – d. 1966) c.1964 George Sidney (b. c.1888 – d. 1971) c.1966 William Atlin c.1972 Dan Johnson c.1979 Stanley James (1st time) bf.1982 - 1984 Ann Wally (f) 1984 - 1988 Stanley James (2nd time) 1988 - 1992 Doris McLean (f) 1992 - 1996 Patrick James 1996 - 2004 Andy W. Carvill (1st time) 2004 - 2012 Mark Wedge 2012 - 2016 Danny Cresswell 2016 - 2020 Andy W. Carvill (2nd time) 2020 - 2022 Lynda Dickson (f) 2022 - Maria Benoit (f) Champagne and Aishihik ![]() c.1908 Known as Champagne, no reserve or treaty. 1971 Renamed Champagne and Aishihik 1993 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1948 John Fraser c.196. Moose Jackson (1st time) c.196. Harry Joe (1st time) (b. 1909 – d. 1986) 1971 - 1972 Harry Allen 1972 - 1975 Raymond Jackson (1st time) 1975 - 1977 Moose Jackson (2nd time) 1977 - 1979 Harry Joe (2nd time) (s.a.) 1979 - 1981 Raymond Jackson (2nd time) 1981 - 1998 Paul Birckel 1998 - 2003 Bob Charlie 2003 - 2005 James Allen (1st time) 2005 - 2010 Diane Strand (f) 2010 - 2014 James Allen (2nd time) 2014 - 2022 Steve Smith 2022 - Barbara Joe (f) Kluane ![]() c.1908 Known as Kluane, no reserve or treaty. c.1937 - 1961 Renamed Burwash. 2003 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.195. Sam Johnson c.196. Moose Johnson 1970 - 1971 Daniel Johnson 1971 - 1974 Jimmy Enoch 1974 - 1976 Billy Blair (1st time) 1976 - 1979 Walter Carlick 1979 - 1980 Joseph Johnson (1st time) 1980 - 1981 George K. Johnson (1st time) 1981 - 1983 Billy Blair (2nd time) 1983 - 1985 Joseph Johnson (2nd time) 1985 - 1989 Charles Eikland 1989 - 1991 Agnes Johnson (f) 1991 - 1993 George K. Johnson (2nd time) 1993 - 1996 Joseph Johnson (3rd time) 1996 - 2000 Robert Johnson 2000 - 2002 Daniel L. Tlen 2002 - 2007 Robert J. Dickson (1st time) 2007 - 2010 Wilfred Sheldon 2010 - 2016 Math’ieya Alatini (f) 2016 - Robert J. Dickson (2nd time) Kwanlin Dun ![]() 1900 First of several reserves set aside (Whitehorse), no treaty. 1953 - 1970 Yukon Indian Agency established. 1980/82 Renamed Kwanlin Dun. 2005 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1898 - 1950 Jim Boss (Kashx’oot) (b. 1871 - d. 1950) 1950 - 1957 George Dawson (b. 1902 – d. 1993) 1957 - 1965 Billy Smith 1965 - 1967 Scurvy Shorty 1967 - 1969 Elijah Smith (b. 1912 – d. 1991) 1969 - 1973 John E. Smith (1st time) 1973 - 1981 Roy H. Sam 1981 - 1987 John E. Smith (2nd time) 1987 - 1989 Ann Smith (f) 1989 - 1995 Lena R. Johns (f) (b. 1934 – d. 2000) 1996 - 1999 Joe P. Jack 1999 - 2003 Rick O'Brien (1st time) 2003 - 2011 Mike Smith 2011 - 2014 Rick O'Brien (2nd time) 2014 - 2023 Doris Bill (f) 2023 - Sean Smith Liard ![]() 1916 First of several reserves set aside (Liard), no treaty. 1961 - 1994 Renamed Liard River. Chiefs 19.. - 1950 "Old Chief" 1950 - 1965 .... 1965 - 1992 Dixon Lutz (b. 19.. - d. 2012) 1992 - 1998 Ann Bayne (f) 1998 - 2004 Daniel Morris (1st time) 2004 - 2013 Liard McMillan 2013 - 2017 Daniel Morris (2nd time) 2017 - 2020 George Morgan 2020 - Stephen Charlie Little Salmon/Carmacks ![]() c.1914 Known as Carmacks, no reserve or treaty. 1980/82 Renamed Little Salmon/Carmacks. 1997 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1968 Roddy Blackjack (1st time) (b. c.1927 – d. 2013) bf.1972 - 1974 George Billy 1974 - 1977 Howard Charlie 1977 - 1979 Happy Skookum 1979 - 1987/88 Clyde Blackjack 1987/88 - 1990 Roddy Blackjack (2nd time) (s.a.) 1990 - 1996 Eric Fairclough (1st time) 1996 - 2012 Eddie Skookum 2012 - 2016 Eric Fairclough (2nd time) 2016 - 2020 Russell Blackjack (1st time) 2020 - 2024 Nicole M. Tom (f) 2024 - Russell Blackjack (2nd time) Nacho Nyak Dun ![]() 1904 First of several reserves set aside (Mayo), no treaty. 1989 Renamed Nacho Nyak Dun. 1993 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1901 Johnson 1915 - 1947 Tom Moses 1947 - 1949 Billy Malcolm 1950 - 1969 Albert Moses 19.. - 1973 Peter Lucas 1973 - 1987 Robert Hager (1st time) 1987 - af.1989 Albert Peter bf.1991 - 2003 Robert Hager (2nd time) 2003 - 2005 Steven Buyck 2005 - 2007 Simon Mervyn (1st time) 2007 - 2011 Beverley Blanchard (f) 2011 - 2013 Simon Mervyn (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Ed Champion 2015 - 2023 Simon Mervyn (3rd time) 2023 - Dawna Hope (f) Ross River ![]() c.1914 Known as Ross River, no reserve or treaty. Chiefs c.193. Peter Joe c.194. Arthur John (b. c.1911 – d. 2014) c.195. Mac Peter (1st time) c.1967 Clifford McLeod (1st time) c.1968 Mac Peter (2nd time) 196. - 1989 Clifford McLeod (2nd time) 1989 - 1991 Hammond Dick 1991 - af.1992 Clifford McLeod (3rd time) 199. - 1997 Norman Sterriah (1st time) 1997 - 1999 Jim Smith 1999 - 2001 Norman Sterriah (2nd time) 2001 - 2007 Jack Caesar (1st time) 2007 - 2009 Gordon Peter 2009 - 2013 Jack Caesar (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Brian Ladue 2015 - 2022 Jack Caesar (3rd time) 2022 - Dylan Loblaw Selkirk ![]() c.1908 Known as Selkirk, no reserve or treaty. 1997 Self-government agreement. Chiefs 18.. - 1915 Jackson (d. 1915) 1916 - 1958 "Big" Jonathan Campbell (b. c.1858 – d. 1958) 1958 - 1969 .... 1969 - af.1984 Danny Joe bf.1987 - 1989 Franklin Roberts 1989 - 1999 Patrick Van Bibber 1999 - 2005 Lucy McGinty (f) 2005 - 2011 Darin Isaac (1st time) 2011 - 2017 Kevin McGinty 2017 - 2020 Sharon Nelson (f) (1st time) 2020 - 2023 Darin Isaac (2nd time) 2023 - Sharon Nelson (f) (2nd time) Ta’an Kwach’an 2002 Self-government agreement. Chiefs 1998 - 2004 Glenn Grady 2004 - 2009 Ruth Massie (f) 2009 - 2012 Brenda L. Sam (f) 2012 - 2021 Kristina Kane (f) 2021 - Amanda Leas (f) Teslin Tlingit ![]() c.1908 Known as Teslin, no reserve or treaty. 1992 Renamed Teslin Tlingit. 1993 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1908 Jay Squam c.1932 Joe Squam bf.1954 - 1970 Frank Sidney 1970 - 1984 Samuel T. Johnston 1984 Robert L. Jackson (1st time) 1984 - 1986 Richard Sidney (1st time) 1986 - 1988 Robert L. Jackson (2nd time) 1988 - 1996 David Keenan 1996 - 2000 Richard Sidney (2nd time) 2000 - 2005 Eric Morris (1st time) 2005 - 2006 Peter Johnston (interim) (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Eric Morris (2nd time) 2008 - 2012 Peter Johnston (2nd time) 2012 - 2016 Carl Sidney 2016 - 2020 Richard Sidney (3rd time) 2020 - 2025 Eric Morris (3rd time) 2025 - Elisabeth Bosely (f) Tr’ondek Hwech’in ![]() 1900 Reserve set aside (Moosehide), no treaty. 1914 - 1953 Yukon Indian Agency established. 1962 Renamed Dawson. 1995 Renamed Tr’ondek Hwech’in. 1998 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1890 - 1932 Isaac (b. c.1858 - d. 1932) 1932 - 1936 Charles E. Isaac (b. 1912 – d. 1975) 1936 - 1940 John Jonas (1st time) 1940 - 1956 James Wood (d. 1956) 1956 - 1959 .... 1959 - af.1961 John Jonas (2nd time) 1969 - 198. Percy Henry (1st time) c.1982 Peggy Kormendy (f) (1st time) 198. - 1984 Percy Henry (2nd time) 1984 - 198. Peggy Kormendy (f) (2nd time) 198. - 1987 Hilda Pohlmann (f) 1987 - 1989 Angie Joseph (f) 1989 - 1999 Steve Taylor 1999 - 2008 Darren Taylor (1st time) 2008 - 2014 Eddie Taylor 2014 - 2023 Roberta Joseph (f) 2023 - Darren Taylor (2nd time) Vuntut Gwitchin ![]() c.1914 Known as Old Crow, no reserve or treaty. 1990 Renamed Vuntut Gwitchin. 1993 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1900 - 1921 Balaam Josie 1921 - 1935 Joe Kyikavichik 1936 - 1954 Peter Moses 1954 - 1958 Charlie P. Charlie (1st time) (b. 1919 - d. 2008) 1958 - 1962 Charlie Abel-Chitzi (1st time) 1962 - 1964 Charlie P. Charlie (2nd time) (s.a.) 1964 - 1968 Charlie Abel-Chitzi(2nd time) 1968 - 1972 Alfred Charlie 1972 - 1978 John J. Kyikavichik 1978 - 1984 John W. Abel (b. 1947 - d. 1995) 1984 - 1985 Abraham Peter 1985 - 1988 Alice Frost (f) 1988 - 1992 Roger Kyikavichik (1st time) 1992 - 1996 Robert Bruce 1996 - 1997 Randall Tetlichi 1997 - 1998 Marvin Frost (acting) 1998 - 2010 Joe Linklater (1st time) 2010 - 2012 Norma Kassi (f) 2012 - 2015 Joe Linklater (2nd time) 2015 - 2016 Roger Kyikavichik (2nd time) 2016 - 2018 Bruce Charlie 2018 - 11 Jan 2023 Dana Tizya-Tramm 11 Jan 2023 - Pauline Frost (f) White River ![]() 1992 Separated from Kluane (White River), no reserve or treaty. Chiefs 1992 Rosemary Blair-Smith (f) 1992 - 1998 Margaret L. Nieman-Glazier (f) (b. 1950 - d. 1998) 1998 - af.2000 David Johnny (1st time) bf.2002 - 2006 Angela Dermit (f) (1st time) 2006 - 2012 David Johnny (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Charles Eikland 2014 - 2021 Angela Dermit (f) (2nd time) 2021 - Bessie Chasse (f) © Ben Cahoon |