First Nations of Canada

First Nations of Canada

First Nations: Assembly of First Nations - Aamjiwnaang - Abegweit - Abenakis de Wolinak - Abitibiwinni - Acho Dene Koe - Ahtahkakoop - Aklavik - Albany - Alderville - Alexander - Alexis Nakota Sioux - Algonquins of Barriere Lake - Algonquins of Pikwakanagan - Anicinape de Kitcisakik - Anishnabe du Lac Simon - Annapolis Valley - Athabasca Chipewyan - Atikamekw de Manawan - Atikamekw d'Opitciwan - Atikamekw de Wemotaci - Attawapiskat - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning - Barren Lands - Bear River - Beardy's and Okemasis - Beausoleil - Beaver - Beaver Lake Cree - Behdzi Ahda - Berens River - Big Island Lake Cree - Big River - Bigstone Cree - Bilijk (Kingsclear) - Birch Narrows - Birdtail Sioux - Black Lake - Black River - Blood - Bloodvein - Blueberry River - Brokenhead Ojibway - Buctouche MicMac - Buffalo Point - Buffalo River Dene - Bunibonibee Cree - Caldwell - Canoe Lake Cree - Canupawakpa Dakota - Carcross/Tagish - Carry The Kettle - Champagne and Aishihik - Chemawawin Cree - Chippewas of Georgina Island - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point - Chippewas of Nawash - Chippewas of Rama - Chippewas of the Thames - Chipewyan Prairie - Clearwater River Dene - Cold Lake - Constance Lake - Cote - Cowessess - Cowichan - Cree of Chisasibi - Cree of Mistissini - Cree of Nemaska - Cree of Wemindji - Crees of the Waskaganish - Cross Lake - Cumberland House Cree - Cruve Lake - Dakota Plains - Dakota Tipi - Dauphin River - Day Star - Dechi Laot'i (Wekweeti) - Deer Lake - Deh Gah Got'ie Dene - Deline - Dene Tha' - Deninu K'ue - Dog Rib Rae (Behchoko) - Doig River - Driftpile Cree - Duncan's - Eabametoong - Eastmain - Ebb and Flow - Eel River Bar - Elsipogtog - English River - Enoch Cree - Ermineskin - Esgenoopetitj - Eskasoni - Fisher River - Fishing Lake - Flying Dust - Fond du Lac - Fort Alexander - Fort Folly - Fort Good Hope - Fort McKay - Fort McMurray - Fort Nelson - Fort William - Fox Lake - Frog Lake - Gambler - Gameti - Garden Hill - Garden River - George Gordon - Gitanmaax - Glooscap - God's Lake - Grassy Narrows - Gwichya Gwich'in - Halfway River - Hatchet Lake - Heart Lake - Heiltsuk - Hiawatha - Hollow Water - Horse Lake - Huronne-Wendat - Indian Island - Innu Matimekush-Lac John - Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam - Innue Essipit - Innus de Ekuanitshit - Innus de Nutashkuan - Innus de Pessamit - Inuvik - James Smith - Jean Marie River - Ka'a'gee Tu - Kahkewistahaw - Kapawe'no - Kasabonika Lake - Kashechewan - K'atlodeeche - Kawacatoose - Kebaowek - Keeseekoose - Keeseekoowenin - Kehewin Cree - Kinistin Saulteaux - Kinonjeoshtegon - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug - Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg - Kluane - Kwanlin Dun - Lac La Ronge - Lake Babine - Lake Manitoba - Lake St. Martin - Lennox Island - Liard - Liidlii Kue - Lac Seul - Lax Kw’alaams - Lil'wat - Listuguj Mi'gmaq - Little Black Bear - Little Grand Rapids - Little Pine - Little Red River Cree - Little Saskatchewan - Little Salmon/Carmacks - Long Point - Loon River Cree - Louis Bull - Lubicon Lake - Lucky Man - Lutsel K'e Dene - Lytton - Madawaska Maliseet - Manto Sipi Cree - Marcel Colomb - Mathias Colomb - Makwa Sahgaiehcan - M'Chigeeng - McLeod Lake - Membertou - Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq - Miawpukek - Micmac de Gespeg - Micmacs of Gesgapegiag - Mikisew Cree - Millbrook - Minegoziibe Anishinabeine - Ministikwan Lake Cree - Mishkeegogamang - Misipawistik Cree - Mississaugas of the Credit - Mississaugas of Scugog Island - Mistawasis Nehiyawak - Mohawks of Akwesasne - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte - Mohawks of Kahnawake - Mohawks of Kanesatake - Montana - Montagnais de Pakua Shipi - Montagnais de Unamen Shipu - Montreal Lake - Moravian of the Thames - Mosakahiken Cree - Moose Cree - Moose Deer Point - Moosomin - Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man - Munsee-Delaware - Muscowpetung - Muskeg Lake Cree - Muskoday - Muskowekwan - Mushuau Innu - Nacho Nyak Dun - Nahanni Butte - Namgis - Natoaganeg (Eel Ground) - Naskapi of Kawawachikamach - Nekaneet - Nisga’a of New Aiyansh - Nipissing - Nisichawayasihk Cree - Northlands Denesuline - Norway House - Nuxalk - O'Chiese - O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi - O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree - Ocean Man - Ochapowace - Odanak - Okanese - Okanagan - One Arrow - Oneida of the Thames - Onion Lake Cree - Opaskwayak Cree - Oromocto - Ouje-Bougoumou Cree - Pabineau - Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw - Pasqua - Paul - Pauingassi - Peepeekisis Cree - Peerless Trout - Peguis - Pehdzeh Ki - Pekuakamiulnuatsh - Pelican Lake - Peter Ballantyne - Pheasant Rump Nakota - Piapot - Pictou Landing - Piikani - Pikangikum - Pinaymootang - Poundmaker - Popular River - Potlotek - Prophet River - Qalipu Mi'kmaq - Red Earth - Red Pheasant - Red Sucker Lake - Rolling River - Roseau River Anishinabe - Ross River - Saddle Lake - Sagamok Anishinawbek - Saint Mary's - Saint Theresa Point - Salt River - Sambaa K'e Dene - Samson Cree - Sandy Bay - Sandy Lake - Sapotaweyak Cree - Saugeen - Saulteau - Saulteaux - Sawridge - Sayisi Dene - Selkirk - Shamattawa - Sheguiandah - Sheshatshiu Innu - Sheshegwaning - Shoal Lake Cree - Siksika - Sioux Valley Dakota - Sipekne’katik - Six Nations of Grand River - Skownan - Smith's Landing - Squamish - Standing Buffalo - Star Blanket Cree - Stoney - Sturgeon Lake - Sturgeon Lake Cree - Sucker Creek - Swan Lake - Swan River - Sweetgrass - Tallcree - Ta'an Kwach'an - Tataskweyak Cree - Teetl'it Gwich'in - Teslin Tlingit - The Key - Thunderchild - Timiskaming - Tobique - Tooinawaziibeeng - Tr'ondek Hwech'in - Tsuut'ina - Tulita Dene - Vuntut Gwitchin - Wabaseemoong - Wagmatcook - Wahpeton Dakota - Wahta Mohawk - Walpole Island - War Lake - Wasagamack - Wasoqopa’q (Acadia) - Waswanipi - Waterhen Lake - Waywayseecappo - We'koqma'q L'nue'kati - West Moberly - West Point - Whapamgoostui - Wha Ti (Whati) - White Bear - Whitecap Dakota - Whitefish Lake - White Fish Lake - White River - Wikwemikong (Wiikwemikoong) - Witchekan Lake - Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk - Wolf Lake - Woodland Cree - Wood Mountain - Woodstock - Wuskwi Sipihk - Yellow Quill - Yellowknives Dene - York Factory - Zagime Anishinabek - Zhiibaahaasing -

by Province/Territory: Alberta - British Columbia - Manitoba - New Brunswick - Newfoundland and Labrador - Northwest Territories - Nova Scotia - Nunavut - Ontario - Prince Edward Island - Quebec - Saskatchewan - Yukon -

Note: As of 1 Jan 2021, there were 619recognized First Nations' (Premières Nations) governments or bands in Canada. The term "First Nations" refers to one of three distinct groups recognized as "Aboriginal" in the Constitution Act of 1982. The other two distinct groups characterized as "Aboriginal" are the Métis and the Inuit. First Nations have a unique and special relationship with the Crown and the people of Canada as set out in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and manifested in the Numbered Treaties, the Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982, Canadian common law, and International law and as outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.Even though the term "First Nation" is now generally used, and since 1982 increasingly included in the names of bands, the Indian Act of 1876 still uses the term "Indian Band." Indians were granted federal voting rights in 1885 (interrupted 1898-1960, except in Nova Scotia). First Nations are listed alphabetically under each modern province/territory.

Self-government of the Inuit of the Northwest Territories and Labrador was implemented through separation of Nunavut and creation of Nunatsiavut, while negotiations continue for self- government of the Inuit of Quebec (organized into a regional municipality under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975) and of the north-western part of the Northwest Territories (organized into a regional municipality under the Inuvialuit Final Agreement of 1984). Move towards territorial self-government of the Métis of the Prairies (from Alberta to the north-western part of Ontario) has begun in 2019. Due to the vast number of first nation entities on this page any assistance adding or updating information is greatly appreciated.

Assembly of First Nations

[Assembly of First Nations
(Canada)]

1961 - 1967 National Indian Council (NIC) 1968 National Indian Brotherhood (NIB) established. Apr 1982 Assembly of First Nations (AFN)(Assemblée des Premières Nations) created as the national aboriginal organization on First Nations issues in Canada.

National Chiefs of the National Indian Brotherhood 1968 - 1970 Walter Dieter (b. 1916 - d. 1988) (Peepeekisis Cree, Saskatchewan) 1970 - 1976 George Manuel (b. 1921 - d. 1989) (Neskonlith Band of Shuswap Nation, British Colombia) 1976 - 1980 Noel Starblanket (b. 1946 - d. 2019) (Star Blanket Cree, Saskatchewan) 1980 - 1982 Delbert Riley (b. 1941) (Chippewas of Thames, Ontario) National Chiefs of the Assembly of First Nations 1982 - 30 Jul 1985 David Ahenakew (b. 1933 - d. 2010) (Ahtahkakoop Cree, Saskatchewan) 30 Jul 1985 - 1991 George Erasmus (b. 1948) (Dog Rib Rae, NWT) 1991 - 1997 Ovide William Mercredi (b. 1946) (Grand Rapids Cree, Manitoba) 30 Jul 1997 - Jul 2000 Phil Fontaine (1st time) (b. 1944) (Fort Alexander [Sagkeeng] Nation, Manitoba) Jul 2000 - 16 Jul 2003 Matthew Coon Come (b. 1956) (Mistissini Cree, Quebec) 16 Jul 2003 - 23 Jul 2009 Phil Fontaine (2nd time) (s.a.) (Fort Alexander [Sagkeeng] Nation, Manitoba) 23 Jul 2009 - 2 May 2014 Shawn A-in-chut Atleo (b. 1967) (Ahousaht Nation, British Columbia) 7 May 2014 - 10 Dec 2014 Ghislain Picard (interim) (b. 1955) (Innus [Montagnais] de Pessamit, Quebec) 10 Dec 2014 - 8 Jul 2021 Perry Bellegarde (b. 1962) (Little Black Bear Cree, Saskatchewan) 8 Jul 2021 - 28 Jun 2023 RoseAnne Archibald (f) (b. 1967?) (Taykwa Tagamou Nation, Ontario) (suspended 17 Jun - 5 Jul 2022) 28 Jun 2023 - 10 Jul 2023 Vacant 10 Jul 2023 - 7 Dec 2023 Joanna Bernard (f)(interim) (Madawaska Maliseet, New Brunswick) 7 Dec 2023 - Cindy Woodhouse (f) (b. c.1983) (Pinaymootang First Nation, Manitoba)

Alberta

Alexander
1879 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Alexander). Chiefs 1879 - af.1905 Alexander (Kipohtakaw) af.1905 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - af.1987 J. Stanley Arcand (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Allan Paul (1st time) bf.1991 - 1999 J. Stanley Arcand (2nd time) 1999 – 2005 Victoria Arcand (f) 2005 – 2008 Raymond Arcand 2008 – 2011 Allan Paul 2011 - 2014 Herbert R. Arcand 2014 - 2020 Kurt Burnstick2020 - George Arcand

Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation

1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Alexis). 1891 – 1914 Renamed Joseph. 2005 Renamed Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation. 2008 Casino opened. Chiefs 1877 – 1890 Alexis (Stoney name: Aranaji "Stands on the Hill"; Cree name: Keeskeecheechi) 1891 – 1910 Joseph (Soosay) 1910 – 1914 Vacant 1914 – 1927 Francois Alexis 1927 – 1930 Vacant 1930 – 1950 Joseph Alexis 1951 – 1959 Joe Alexis 1960 – 1964 Alexander Alexis 1964 – 1965 Anthony Potts 1965 – 1966 Moses Kootenay (1st time) 1966 – 1968 Willie Lefthand 1968 – 1970 Moses Kootenay (2nd time) 1970 – 1971 Johnny Alexis 1971 – 1976 Howard D. Mustus (1st time) 1976 – 1980 Thomas Potts 1980 – 1996 Howard D. Mustus (2nd time) 1996 – 1998 Roderick Alexis (1st time) 1998 – 2002 Francis Alexis 2002 – 2006 Roderick Alexis (2nd time) 2006 – 2013 Cameron Alexis 2013 - Clayton T. Alexis

Athabasca Chipewyan

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1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Chipewyan). 1932 – 1967 Athabaska Indian Agency established. 1992/96 Renamed Athabasca Chipewyan. Chiefs1899 – 1921 Alexandre Laviolette (b. 1867 - d. 1921) 1921 – 1952 Jonas Laviolette (b. 1879 - d. 1952) 1952 – 1956 Benjamin Marcel 1956 – 1983 A. Fredolin Marcel 1983 – 1987 Archie Cyprien (1st time) 1987 – 1991 Patrice Marcel 1991 – 1995 Joseph T. Mercredi 1995 – 2007 Archie Cyprien (2nd time) 2007 - Allan B. Adam

Beaver1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Beaver of Fort Vermilion). c.1928 Renamed Boyer River. 1992 Renamed Beaver. Chiefs 1900 - af.1910 Ambrose Tete-Noire af.1910 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - 1999 Harvey R. Bulldog 1999 - 2005 Barbara Wendt (f) 2005 - 2008 Henry Kidney (1st time) 2008 - 2011 Lorne Bulldog 2011 - 2013 Henry Kidney (2nd time) 2013 - 2020 Trevor L. Mercredi 2020 - Gary Kipling

Beaver Lake Cree Nation

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1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Lac La Biche). 1879 Beaver Lake separated from Lac La Biche. 1911 Lac La Biche dissolved, partly merged into Beaver Lake. 2002 Renamed Beaver Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs of Lac La Biche1876 – 1885 Francois Desjarlais (Peayasis)(b. 1824 - d. 1899) 1885 – 1911 Vacant Chiefs of Beaver Lake bf.1883 – 1885 Kaquanum (headman) 1885 – af.1914 Vacant 1965 – 1969 Lillian Pruden (f) 1969 – 1970 Lawrence Mountain 1970 – af.1992 Alphonse Lameman (1st time) bf.1996 - 1997 Emile Cardinal 1997 – 199. Alphonse Lameman (2nd time) c.1999 Rosaire R. Bugle bf.2001 - 2011 Alphonse Lameman (3rd time) 2011 - 2015 Henry Gladue 2015 - 2023 Germaine A. Anderson (f) 2023 - Gary Lameman

Bigstone Cree Nation1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Wabasca). 1982 Renamed Bigstone Cree Nation. Chiefs1899 - 1946 Joseph Bigstone (Kapusekonew) (d. 1946) 1947 - 1962 Maxime Beauregard (d. 1962) 1962 Tommy Auger 1962 - 1964 Samson Beaver 1964 - 1976 Sammy Young 1976 - 1978 Alphonse Auger 1978 - 1980 Leonard Young 1980 - 1984 William Beaver 1984 - 1988 Mike Beaver 1988 - 1990 Charles G. Beaver (b. 1955) 1990 - 1992 Eric G. Alook 1992 - 1996 Gordon T. Auger (1st time) 1996 - 2000 Russell M. Beaver 2000 - 2004 Gordon T. Auger (2nd time) 2004 - 2008 Francis G. Gladue 2008 - 2012 Gordon T. Auger (3rd time) 2012 - 2014 Romeo R. Cardinal 2014 - 2018 Gordon T. Auger (4th time) 2018 - 2022 Silas Yellowknee 2022 - Andy Alook

Blood

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[Blood tribe
(Alberta, Canada) flag] Current Flag

c.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika).1877 Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Blood), to 1915 divided into two+ divisions.1880 – 1969 Blood (to 1884, Fort McLeod) Indian Agency established.

Head chiefs of the Southern Blood1847/49 – 1869 Piiyinakoyiima "Seen From (b. c.1809 – d. 1869) Afar"1869 - 1870 Kyaiyosiksina "Black Bear" (d. 1870)1870 - 1900 Mekiaisto "Red Crow" (b. 1830 - d. 1900)1900 - 1913 Makoyopistooki "Crop Eared (b. 1846 - d. 1913) Wolf"1913 - 1915 "Shot Both Sides" (b. 1873 - d. 1956)Head chiefs of the Northern Bloodc.1842 - 1865/68 Stamikosaki "Bull Back Fat" (d. 1865/68)1865/68 - 1877 Manistoko "Father of Many (d. 1884) Children" 1877 - 1878 Sotaiina "Rainy Chief" (b. c.1809 – d. 1878)1878 - 1882 Aatsistamahka "Running Rabbit"(d. af.1900)1883 "Calf Tail" (d. 1883)1883 - 1889 Onistaipoka "White Calf" (d. 1897) (not recognized by Canada)1889 - 1907 "Day Chief" ("Thunder Chief") (b. c.1844 - d. 1907)1907 - 1915 "Weasel Horse" (b. c.1843 – d. 1915) ("Blackfoot Old Woman") Head chiefs 1915 - 1956 "Shot Both Sides" (s.a.) 1956 - 1964 Jim Shot Both Sides (d. 1980) Chiefs 1964 - 1966 Rufus Goodstriker 1966 - 1980 Jim Shot Both Sides (s.a.) 1980 - 29 Nov 1992 Roy Fox (1st time) 29 Nov 1992 - Mar 1993 Harley Frank (1st time) Mar 1993 - 22 Mar 1993 Randy Bottle (interim) 22 Mar 1993 - 30 Jun 1993 Harley Frank (2nd time) 30 Jun 1993 - 1996 Roy Fox (2nd time) 1996 - 2004 Christopher Shade 2004 - 2016 Charles Weasel Head 2016 - 2024 Roy Fox (3rd time)2024 - Traveller Plaited Hair

Chipewyan Prairie1923 Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Janvier). 1992/96 Renamed Chipewyan Prairie. Chiefs 1923 - 19.. .... bf.1982 - 1985 Archie Janvier 1985 - af.1991 Walter B. Janvier (1st time) c.1992 Fred Black bf.1996 - 2007 Walter B. Janvier (2nd time) 2007 - Vern J. Janvier

Cold Lake

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Cold Lake). 2007 Casino opened. Chiefs1876 – 1882 Matthias Janvier (d. 1882) (Chipewyan name: Uldahi; Cree name: Kenoseyo) 1882 – 1913 Vacant 1913 – 1917 Alexis Janvier 1917 – 1919 Vacant 1919 – 1930 Alphonse Thomas 1930 – 1947 Harry Janvier (1st time) 1948 – 1949 Charles Minoose 1949 – 1953 Charles Blackman (1st time) 1954 – 1956 Abraham Skani 1956 – 1958 Harry Janvier (2nd time) 1958 – 1959 Charles Blackman (2nd time) 1959 – 1960 Simon Martin 1960 – 1962 Pierre Metchewais 1962 – 1964 Louis B. Janvier 1964 – 1966 Elaire Janvier 1966 – 1967 Ovide Jacko 1967 – 1968 Dominic Skani 1968 – 1970 Alfred Nadabelle 1970 – 1975 Ralph Blackman (1st time) 1975 – 1976 Norman Scanie 1976 – 1978 Leo Janvier 1978 – 1979 Maynard Metchewais (1st time) 1979 – 1980 Marcel Piche (1st time) 1980 – 1982 Ralph Blackman (2nd time) 1982 – 1984 Marcel Piche (2nd time) 1984 – 1985 Maynard Metchewais (2nd time) 1985 – 1986 Alex Charland (acting) 1986 – 1988 Francis Scanie (1st time) 1988 – 1990 Harvey Scanie 1990 – 1992 Baptiste Blackman 1992 – 1994 Mary A. Francois (f) 1994 – 1999 Francis Scanie (2nd time) 1999 – 2005 Joyce Metchewais (f) 2005 – 2008 Dwayne Nest 2008 – 2010 Walter S. Janvier 2010 – 2013 Cecil Janvier 2013 - 2019 Bernice Martial(f)2019 - 2022 Roger Marten 2022 - Kelsey Jacko

Dene Tha'1900 Signed the Treaty No.8 of 1899 (Slaveys of the Upper Hay River). 1982 Renamed Dene Tha'. Chiefs 1900 – 19.. Alexis Tatatechay c.1910 Francois Tchatee (Chateh) 19.. – 19.. Zama (Zamba) 19.. – 1938 Talley 1938 – 1993 Harry G. Chonkolay (b. 1909 – d. 1998) 1993 – 2001 James Ahnassay (1st time) 2001 – 2005 Stephen Didzena 2005 – 2013 James Ahnassay (2nd time) 2013 - 2017 Joe Pastion2017 - 2022 James Ahnassay (3rd time) 2022 - Wilfred Hooka-Nooza

Driftpile Cree Nation

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1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Lesser Slave Lake). 1908 – 1974 Lesser Slave Lake Indian Agency established. 1910 Renamed Driftpile. 2017 Renamed Driftpile Cree Nation. Chiefs1899 - 1918 Andrew Willier (Kinosew) (d. 1918) 1918 - 1936 Felix Willier (d. 1936) c.1955 A. Giroux bf.1982 - af.1987 James Giroux (1st time) c.1988 Eugene Laboucan (1st time) bf.1989 - af.1990 Clifford J. Freeman (1st time) bf.1991 - 1996 Eugene Laboucan (2nd time) 1996 - 1998 Clifford J. Freeman (2nd time) 1998 - 2000 James Giroux (2nd time) 2000 - 2002 Thomas Bellerose 2002 - 2014 Rose C. Laboucan (f) 2014 - 2016 Dean M. Giroux 2016 - Dwayne Laboucan

Duncan's1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Peace River Landing). c.1910 Renamed Duncan's. Chiefs1899 - 1918 Duncan Testawits (headman) (b. c.1848 - d. 1918) c.1928 Joseph Testawits (headman) c.1982 Francis E. Lawrence c.1987 Irwin Knott (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1989 R.S. Testawitch bf.1990 - af.1992 Donald J. Testawitch (1st time) bf.1994 - 1995 Irwin Knott 1995 - 1999 Donald J. Testawich (1st time) 1999 - 2001 Patti Nooskey (f) 2001 - 2016 Donald J. Testawich (2nd time) 2016 - Virginia M. Gladue (f)

Enoch Cree Nation

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1877 Signed the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (Papaschase). 1877 – 1967 Edmonton Indian Agency established. 1882 Lapotac (in 1884 renamed Enoch) separated from Papaschase. 1888 Papaschase dissolved, partly merged into Enoch. 1993/96 Renamed Enoch Cree Nation. 2006 Casino opened. Chiefs of Papaschase1877 – 1886 John Gladu-Quinn (Papaschase) (b. 1838 – d. 1921) 1886 – 1888 Band Council (3 headmen) Chiefs of Enoch (to 1884, Lapotac) 1882 – 1883 Tommy Lapotac (b. 1842 - d. 1883) 1884 – 1891 Enoch Lapotac (b. 1859 - d. 1891) 1891 – 1896 Band Council (4 headmen) 1896 – 1905 Mistatim "Mr. Jim" (headman to 1899) 1905 – 1908 Vacant 1908 – 1913 Joseph Louis Ward (b. 1879 – d. 19..) 1913 – 1916 Alexis C. Morin (1st time) (b. 1870 – d. 19..) 1916 – 1920 Vacant 1920 – 1937 Alexis C. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1937 – 1954 James Peacock (b. 1882 – d. 1958) 1954 – 1961 William Morin (1st time) (b. 1896 – d. 1970) 1961 – 1963 Alex Peacock (1st time) (b. 1924 – d. 2007) 1963 – 1965 William Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1965 – 1969 Alex Peacock (2nd time) (s.a.) 1969 – 1977 Raymond F. Cardinal (1st time)(b. 1935 – d. 2009) 1977 – 1979 James Brule (b. 1947) 1979 – 1981 Raymond F. Cardinal (2nd time)(s.a.) 1981 – 1985 Jerome A. Morin (1st time) (b. 1948) 1985 – 1987 Raymond F. Cardinal (3rd time)(s.a.) 1987 – 1989 Howard Peacock (1st time) (b. 1947) 1989 – 1990 Jerome A. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1990 – 1991 Robert Sharphead (acting) (b. 1947 – d. 2003) 1991 – 1995 Howard Peacock (2nd time) (s.a.) 1995 – 1999 Ronald V. Morin (1st time) (b. 1964) 1999 Clark Peacock (b. 1954) 1999 – 2000 Ronald V. Morin (2nd time) (s.a.) 2000 – 2003 Lorne Morin (b. 1958) 2003 – 2009 Ronald V. Morin (3rd time) (s.a.) 2009 – 2011 Harry Sharphead (b. 1969) 2011 - 2015 Ronald V. Morin (4th time) (s.a.) 2015 - 2022 William A. Morin (b. 1987)2022 - Cody Thomas

Ermineskin
1879 Separated from Bobtail (see Samson), under the Treaty No. 6 (Ermineskin). Chiefs1879 – 1929 Jean-Baptiste Piche (b. 1831 – d. 1929) (Sikosew-inew "Ermine Skin") 1929 - c.1971 .... c.1971 Morris Wolfe c.1982 Lawrence N. Wildcat bf.1987 - af.1988 Arthur M. Littlechild bf.1989 - 1990 Eddie Littlechild 1990 – 1996 John Ermineskin 1996 – 2002 Gerald R. Ermineskin (1st time) 2002 – 2005 George L. Minde (1st time) 2005 – 2006 Gerald R. Ermineskin (2nd time) (acting) 2006 – 2008 George L. Minde (2nd time) 2008 – 2011 Gerald R. Ermineskin (3rd time) 2011 - 2014 Craig Makinaw (1st time) 2014 - 2017 Randy Ermineskin(1st time) 2017 - 2020 Craig Makinaw (2nd time) 2020 - 2023 Randy Ermineskin (2nd time) 2023 - Joel Mykat

Fort McKay

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1942 Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Fort McKay). Chiefs 1942 - c. 1982 .... c.1982 Dorothy M. McDonald (f) (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1990 Jim L. Boucher (1st time) c.1991 Dorothy M. McDonald (f) (2nd time) bf.1992 - 1996 Mel Grandjamb (1st time) 1996 - 2019 Jim L. Boucher2019 - 2023 Mel Grandjamb (2nd time) 2023 - Raymond Powder

Fort McMurray1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Fort McMurray). 1924 – 1932 Fort McMurray Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1900 - 19.. Adam Boucher (headman) c.1914 Vacant bf.1982 - af.1990 Robert Cree bf.1991 - 2002 Bernice Cree (f) 2002 – 2005 Michael Cheecham 2005 - 2011 Albert J. Cree 2011 - 2022 Ronald A. Kreuzter 2022 - Neil Cheecham

Frog Lake1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Unipouheos). 1914 Renamed Frog Lake. Chiefs 1876 – 18.. Cascakiswes "Head Held Back" bf.1882 - 1885 Onipawihew "Makes Him Stand" 1885 – 1914 Vacant 1914 – 1930 Napayo 1931 – 1952 John Horse 1953 – 1955 Thomas Quinney 1955 – 1957 Alex Waskahat (1st time) 1957 – 1959 Phileon Stanley 1959 Alex Waskahat (2nd time) 1959 – 1961 Fred Horse (1st time) 1961 – 1965 Alex Waskahat (3rd time) 1965 – 1965 John B. Stanley 1967 – 1969 Fred Horse (2nd time) 1969 – 1971 Alex Waskahat (4th time) 1971 – 1972 Sam Waskahat (1st time) 1972 – 1973 Fred Fiddler (1st time) 1973 – 1975 Sam Waskahat (2nd time) 1975 – 1977 Lawrence Quinney 1977 – 1979 Fred Fiddler (2nd time) 1979 – 1983 Sam Waskahat (3rd time) 1983 – 1987 Raymond Quinney (1st time) 1987 Thomas Abraham 1987 – 1989 Raymond Quinney (2nd time) 1989 – 1995 E. Thomas Abraham (1st time) 1995 – 1997 George L. Fryingpan 1997 – 1999 Raymond Quinney (3rd time) 1999 – 2001 E. Thomas Abraham (2nd time) 2001 – 2005 Raymond Quinney (4th time) 2005 – 2007 Roland Quinney 2007 – 2009 George Stanley 2009 - 2019 Clifford L. Stanley2019 - Gregory Desjarlais

Heart Lake


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1882 Separated from Cold Lake, under the Treaty No. 6 (Heart Lake). Chiefs 1882 – 1886 Antoine (headman) 1886 – af.1899 Fabian (headman) c.1914 .... (headman) 1964 – 1986 Eugene Monias (1st time) 1986 Peter Francis 1986 – 1997 Eugene Monias (2nd time) 1997 - 2018 Maurice D. Monias2018 - Curtis Monias

Horse Lake1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Beaver of Dunvegan). c.1964 Renamed Horse Lake. Chiefs1899 - 1900 Natoosis (headman) 1900 - 1924 Nipee (d. 1924) 1924 - 1940 Pierre Lowe (Pelee) (d. 1940) c.1952 Ernest Horseman c.1972 Alfred Chaterlaine bf.1982 - af.1987 James Horseman bf.1988 - af.1992 D. Robert Horseman (1st time) bf.1996 - 1997 Robert E. Horseman 1997 - 2001 D. Robert Horseman (2nd time) 2001 - 2009 Dion Horseman 2009 - 2013 Richard Horseman 2013 - 2017 Eugene Horseman2017 - Ramona E. Horseman (f)

Kapawe'no


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1965 Separated from Sucker Creek, under the Treaty No. 8 (Grouard). 1992/96 Renamed Kapawe'no. Chiefs1965 – 1970 Halcrow 1970 - 2020 Frank Thomas Halcrow (b. 1943 - d. 2020) 2020 - Sydney L. Halcrow

Kehewin Cree Nation [Kehewin Cree Nation (Alberta,
Canada)]

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Kehewin). 1992 Renamed Long Lake Cree Nation. 1995/96 Renamed Kehewin Cree Nation. Chiefs1876 – 1885 John (Kehewin "The Eagle") (d. 1887) 1885 – 1913 Vacant 1913 – 1921 J.B. John 1921 – 1973 .... 1973 – 1975 Theresa Gadwa (f) 1975 – 1979 Joseph F. Dion (b. 1948) 1979 – 1997 Gordon Gadwa (b. 1945) 1997 – 2001 J. Eric Gadwa (1st time) 2001 – 2005 Gordon John 2005 – 2008 J. Eric Gadwa (2nd time) 2008 – 2011 Ernest Gadwa 2011 - 2015 J. Eric Gadwa (3rd time) 2015 - 2018 Brenda Joly (f) (from 2017, Brenda Vanguard) 2018 - 2021 Vernon Watchmaker (1st time) 2021 - 2024 Trevor John 2024 - Vernon Watchmaker (2nd time)

Little Red River Cree Nation1930 Separated from Tallcree, under the Treaty No. 8 (Little Red River). 1992 Renamed Little Red River Cree Nation. Chiefs1930 - af.1961 Jean-Baptiste Sewepagaham (b. 1878 – d. 1965) 1980 - 2003 Alec J. Sewepagaham 2003 - 2007 Floyd Noskiye 2007 - 2011 Gus Loonskin (1st time) 2011 - 2015 Leslie J. Laboucan 2015 - 2018 Gus Loonskin (2nd time) 2018 - Conroy Sewepagaham

Loon River Cree 1992 Separated from Lubicon Lake, under the Treaty No. 8 (Loon River Cree). Chiefs 1992 - 2001 Paddy Noskey 2001 - 2004 Jerry Noskey 2004 - 2016 Arthur Noskey 2016 - 2019 Bernadette Noskey (f) (from 2017, Bernadette Sharpe)2019 - Ivan Sawan

Louis Bull
1879 Separated from Bobtail (see Samson), under the Treaty No. 6 (Muddy Bull). 1886 Renamed Louis Bull. 2022 Casino opened. Chiefs1879 – 1886 Noah Muddy Bull (headman) (d. 1886) 1886 - af.1910 Louis Bull (headman to 1909) c.1914 Tom Bull (headman) c.1950 Francis Bull c.1982 Peter Bull bf.1987 - af.1991 Simon Threefingers (1st time) c.1992 Herman Roasting bf.1996 - 1998 Jonathan Bull 1998 - 2001 Helen Bull (f) 2001 - 2007 Simon Threefingers (2nd time) 2007 – 2010 Wayne Moonias 2010 - 2016 Russel Threefingers 2016 - 2022 Irvin Bull2022 - Desmond Bull

Lubicon Lake

Opposition Flag


Canada Recognized Council Flag

1939 Separated from Whitefish Lake, under the Treaty No. 8 (Lubicon Lake); no reserve established as of 2024. Chiefs1940 – 19.. Joseph Laboucan 1970/73 - 1978 Walter Whitehead 1978 - 2013 Bernard A. Ominayak (b. 1950) (from 2013, continues in opposition) 2013 - Billy J. Laboucan

Mikisew Cree Nation1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Chipewyan Cree). 1992 Renamed Mikisew Cree Nation. Chiefs1899 - 1909 Justin Martin (Mikisew) (b. c.1833 - d. 1909) 1909 - 1930 Justin Martin, Jr. (b. 1860 – d. 1930) 1930 - 1941 Felix P. Whitehead (d. 1941) 1942 - 1968 John Cowie 1968 - 1970 Ernest Courtoreille 1970 - 1974 Albert Gladue (1st time) 1974 - 1976 John J. Courtoreille 1976 Archie Waquan (1st time) 1976 - 1977 Sammy Tuccaro 1977 Cecilia Simpson (f) (interim) 1977 - 1978 Albert Gladue (2nd time) 1978 - 1979 Lawrence Courtoreille (1st time) 1979 - 1980 Lloyd J. Antoine 1980 - 1984 Lawrence Courtoreille (2nd time) 1984 - 1986 Archie Waquan (2nd time) 1986 - 1989 Rita Marten (f) 1989 - 1990 Matthew Lepine 1990 - 1993 Archie Waquan (3rd time) 1993 - 1996 Lawrence Vermillion 1996 - 1999 Archie Waquan (4th time) 1999 Mary Simpson (f) (acting) 1999 - 2002 George Poitras 2002 - 2005 Archie Waquan (5th time) 2005 - 2011 Roxanne D. Marcel (f) 2011 - 2017 Steve G. Courtoreille 2017 - 2020 Archie Waquan (6th time) 2020 - 2022 Peter Powder 2022 - Billy-Joe Tuccaro

Montana
1898 A band organized under the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (Montana) from the Cree Indians, who had returned to Canada after fleeing to the U.S. in 1885.Chiefs 1898 – af.1914 Vacantaf.1914 - c.1975 ....c.1975 Lillian Potts (f)bf.1978 - af.1982 Leo Cattleman (1st time)bf.1986 - 1989 Melvin Potts1989 – 1999 Leo Cattleman (2nd time)1999 – 2002 Darrell Strongman (1st time)2002 – 2005 Leo Cattleman (3rd time)2005 – 2008 Carl Rabbit2008 – 2011 Carolyn Buffalo (f)2011 - 2014 Bradley Rabbit2014 - 2017 Darrell Strongman (2nd time) 2017 - 2023 Leonard Standing On The Road 2023 - Ralph Cattleman

O'Chiese

1950 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (O'Chiese). Chiefs 1950 – 19.. George Daychief bf.1982 - af.1988 Theresa Strawberry (f) c.1989 George Strawberry bf.1990 - af.1992 Caroline Beaver Bones (f) bf.1995 - 1998 Alice Strawberry (f) 1998 – 2002 Danny Bradshaw 2002 - 2019 Darren Whitford2019 - Ray D. Beaverbones

Paul1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Sharphead). 1898 Renamed Paul. Chiefs 1877 - 1888 Cheepostequan "Sharphead" (1st time) 1888 - 1890 George Bear1890 - 1897 Cheepostequan"Sharphead" (2nd time) 1898 - 1901 Paul Firebag (1st time) (d. 1920) 1901 - 1906 Band Council (2-3 headmen) 1906 - 1911 David S. Bird (d. 1911) 1911 - 1915 Joseph Michel 1915 - 1920 Paul Firebag (2nd time) (s.a.) 1920 - 1922 John House 1922 - 1929 Vacant 1929 - 1930 David Peter 1930 - 1934 Vacant 1934 - 1935 Peter Burnstick 1935 - 1938 Vacant 1938 - 1946 Enoch Bird 1946 - 1948 Alex House 1948 - 1952 Joseph House (1st time) 1952 - 1955 David Bird 1955 - 1956 Joseph House (2nd time) 1956 - 1958 John Paul 1958 - 1960 Jacob Rain 1960 - 1966 Samuel Bird (1st time) 1966 - 1968 Willie Rain (1st time) 1968 - 1978 Samuel Bird (2nd time) 1978 – 1982 Myles A. House 1982 - 1984 Edwin Burnstick 1984 - 1986 Enoch Bird (1st time) 1986 - 1988 Willie Rain (2nd time) 1988 - 198. Enoch Bird (2nd time) bf.1989 - af.1992 Walter Rain bf.1995 - 1996 Rema Rain (1st time) 1996 - 2000 Wilson S. Bearhead 2000 - 2002 Rema Rain (2nd time) 2002 - 2004 Francis Bull 2004 - 2010 Daniel Paul 2010 - 2016 Casey G. Bird (1st time) 2016 - 2022 Arthur Rain 2022 - Casey G. Bird (2nd time)

Peerless Trout

Former Flag


Current Flag

2010 Separated from Bigstone Cree, under the Treaty No. 8 (Peerless Trout). 2024 Reserve established for the first time. Chiefs 2010 – 2018 James Alook 2018 - 2022 Gladys Okemow (f) 2022 - Gilbert Okemow

Piikani Nationc.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika). 1877 Northern Peigan (in Canada) signed the Treaty No. 7 (as Peigan), Southern Peigan (in the U.S.) became Blackfeet. 1888 – 1966 Peigan Indian Agency established. 1996 Renamed Peigan Nation. 2002 Renamed Piikani Nation. Head chiefsbf.1847 - 1876 Stamiksotokani "Bull Head" (d. 1876) (head chief of Northern Peigan) 1876 – 1886 Soatsitapitaupi "Eagle Tail (d. 1886) Feathers" 1886 – 1890 "North Axe" (b. c.1849 - d. 1890) 1890 – 1901 Maistopita "Crow Eagle" (b. c.1833 – d. 1901) 1901 - af.1911 Siksapo "Black Plume" (b. 1858 – d. 19..) 1949 – 1963 John Yellow Horn (b. 1900 – d. 1983) Chiefs 1964 – 1976 Maurice McDougall (b. 1906 – d. 1976) 1976 – 1982 Nelson Small Legs 1982 – 1989 Peter Yellowhorn 1989 – 1995 Leonard Bastien 1995 – 1997 Philip Big Swan 1997 – 2007 Peter Strikes With A Gun 2007 – 2011 Reg Crowshoe 2011 - 2015 Gayle M. Strikes With A Gun (f) 2015 - 2023 Stanley Grier 2023 - Troy Knowlton

Saddle Lake Cree Nation


Flag of Saddle Lake group


Flag of White Fish Lake group

1876 Signed the Treaty No.6 (Little Hunter and James Seenum). 1884 – 1967 Saddle Lake (to 1887, Victoria) Indian Agency established. 1902 James Seenum (in c.1934 renamed White Fish Lake) merged into Little Hunter (in 1902 renamed Saddle Lake), but each group retains separate administration. c.1982 – 1992/96 White Fish Lake group renamed Goodfish Lake. 2010 Renamed Saddle Lake Cree Nation. Head chief of the Beaver Hills People (Plains Cree and their Stoney allies in central and eastern part of Alberta)bf.1870 - 1876 Onochi Minahowasis (b. c.1820 - d. 1882) "Little Hunter" Chiefs of Saddle Lake (to 1902, Little Hunter)1876 - 1882 Onochi Minahowasis (s.a.) "Little Hunter" 1882 - 1886 Vacant 1886 - 1896 Thomas Hunter (headman) 1896 - 1913 Vacant bf.1924 - 1929 Thomas Makokis (b. 1870 – d. 19..) 1929 Louis Cardinal 1930 - 1943 Moses Ayiwakes 1943 - 1946 George Hunter 1946 - 1956 .... 1956 - 1960 Joseph P. Cardinal (1st time) (b. 1921 – d. 2003) 1960 - 1966 Julian Moses 1966 - 1969 Ralph Garvin Steinhauer (b. 1905 – d. 1987) 1969 - 1972 Horace Jackson 1972 - 1975 Joseph P. Cardinal (2nd time) (s.a.) 1975 - 1980 Eugene Steinhauer (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 1995) 1980 - 1981 Charles E. Wood 1981 - 1984 Henry B. Quinney 1984 - 1985 Eugene Steinhauer (2nd time) (s.a.) 1985 - 1987 Eugene Houle (b. 1949 - d. 2012) 1987 - 1989 Eugene Steinhauer (3rd time) (s.a.) 1989 - 1992 Carl Quinn 1992 - 1995 Eric J. Large (b. 1945) 1995 - 1998 Shirley M. Steinhauer (f) 1998 - 2001 John Shirt 2001 - 2013 Eddy Makokis (1st time) 2013 - 2016 Leonard Jackson 2016 - 2019 Eddy Makokis (2nd time) 2019 - 2022 Eric Shirt 2022 - 29 Mar 2024 Terry Cardinal (b. 1955 - d. 2024) 2024 - Herb JacksonChiefs of White Fish Lake (to c.1934, James Seenum; c.1982-1992/96 Goodfish Lake) 1876 – 1917 James Seenum (b. 1842 - d. 1917) (Pakan "Hard Nut") c.1932? Edward Seenum c.1982 Harry Sparklingeyes c.1985 Sam Bull (d. 1996) 198. - 1987 Morris H. Jackson 1987 - af.1990 Ernest Houle bf.1991 - af.1992 Allen Houle (1st time) af.1992 - 1996 .... 1996 - 1999 Allen Houle (2nd time) 1999 - 2002 Alan J. Makokis 2002 - 2008 Leonard Thomas Houle (1st time) 2008 - 2014 James Jackson 2014 - 2017 Brian Favel 2017 - 2021 Leonard Thomas Houle (2nd time)2021 - 2024 Stan Houle 2024 - Jason Whiskeyjack

Samson
1877 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Bobtail). 1879 Samson separated from Bobtail. 1884 – 1967 Hobbema (to 1892, Peace Hills) Indian Agency established. 1886 Bobtail dissolved, partly merged into Samson. Chief of Bobtail1877 – 1886 Alexis Piche (b. 1829 – d. 1900) (Kiskiyew "Bobtail") Chiefs of Samson 1879 – 1898 Samson (Kanatakasew) (d. 1898) 1899 – 1942 Joseph Samson 1942 – 1952 James Crane 1953 – 1955 Baptiste Saddleback 1955 – 1957 John S. Samson (1st time) 1957 – 1959 Felix Buffalo (1st time) 1959 – 1961 John S. Samson (2nd time) 1961 – 1963 Felix Buffalo (2nd time) 1963 – 1965 Harry Rain 1965 – 1969 Jacob L. Samson 1969 – 1973 Norman Yellowbird 1973 – 1975 Arthur Potts 1975 – 1979 Frank Buffalo 1979 – 1981 Jim Omeasoo (1st time) 1981 – 1983 Victor S. Buffalo (1st time) 1983 – 1989 Jim Omeasoo (2nd time) 1989 – 1993 Victor S. Buffalo (2nd time) 1993 – 1996 Terry Buffalo 1996 – 1999 Florence Buffalo (f) 1999 – 2002 Lena Cutknife (f) 2002 – 2008 Victor S. Buffalo (3rd time) 2008 - 2014 Marvin Yellowbird 2014 - 2017 Kurt Buffalo 2017 - Vernon J. Saddleback

Sawridge1910 Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Sawridge). Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)1910 - 1966 .... 1966 - 1997 Walter P. Twinn (b. 1934 – d. 1997) 1997 - 2002 Bertha L'Hirondelle-Twin (f) 2002 - 2023 Roland Twinn 2023 - Isaac Twinn

Siksika

[Siksika Nation (Alberta,
Canada)]

c.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (in the Blackfoot: Niitsitapi), which included Blood, Blackfoot, Peigan (now Piikani [in Canada] and Blackfeet [in the U.S.]), Sarcee (now Tsuut'ina) and Gros Ventre (withdrew in 1866; now Fort Belknap [in the U.S.]) tribes.1855 - 1872 The confederacy (referred to as the Blackfoot Nation) under the U.S. protection (actually not involving Blackfoot and Sarcee tribes).1877 Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Blackfoot), to 1911 divided into two (occasionally three) divisions.1884 - 1969 Blackfoot Indian Agency established.1990 Renamed Siksika Nation.

Head chiefs of the Southern Blackfoot bf.1850 – c.1860 Akawmahkaii "Old Swan" (d. c.1860)c.1860 – 1872 Akamahkaii "Big Swan" (d. 1872)1872 - 1890 Isapoomahksika "Crowfoot" (b. 1830 - d. 1890) (considered by Canada as the supreme chief of the confederacy)1890 – 1892 Niuokskastami "Three Bulls" (d. 1892)1892 – 1911 Aatsistamahka "Running Rabbit"(b. c.1833 – d. 1911)Head chiefs of the Northern Blackfoot bf.1854 - 1860 Natosapi "Old Sun I" (d. 1860)1860 – 1897 Natosapi "Old Sun II" (b. c.1819 – d. 1897)1897 – 1903 "White Pup" (d. 1903)1903 – 1911 Otahkomiota "Yellow Horse" (d. 1920) Head chiefs 1911 – 1920 Otahkomiota (s.a.)1920 "Water Chief" (d. af.1939)1920 – 1948 "Duck Chief" (b. 1864 – d. 1948)1948 – 1953 ....Chiefs1953 – 1957 Joseph Crowfoot (b. 1892 – d. 1976)1957 – 1967 Clarence McHugh (1st time) (b. 1910 – d. 19..)1967 – Oct 1968 Percy Yellow Fly (b. 1928 – d. 2005)Oct 1968 – Mar 1971 Adam Solway (d. 1986)Mar 1971 – Nov 1971 Clarence McHugh (2nd time) (s.a.)Nov 1971 – 1981 Leo Pretty Young Man (1st time)1981 – 1983 Roy Little Chief (b. 1938 - d. 2020)1983 – 1987 Leo Pretty Young Man (2nd time)1987 - 1995 Strater J. Crowfoot (1st time)1995 - 1997 Robert Ryan Breaker, Jr.1997 – 2001 Darlene Yellow Old Woman- (b. 1953) Munro (f)2001 – Nov 2003 Adrian Stimson, Sr. (1st time)Nov 2003 – Nov 2005 Strater J. Crowfoot (2nd time)Nov 2005 – Nov 2007 Adrian Stimson, Sr. (2nd time)Nov 2007 – Nov 2010 Leroy Good Eagle (from 2009, Leroy Wolf Collar)Nov 2010 – Nov 2013 Fred Rabbit CarrierNov 2013 – Nov 2016 Vincent Yellow Old WomanNov 2016 - Nov 2019 Joseph M. Weasel ChildNov 2019 - Ouray Crowfoot

Smith's Landing

[Smith's Landing
First Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1998 Separated from Salt River, under the Treaty No. 8 (Smith's Landing). Chiefs 1998 - 2000 Jerry Paulette (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Fred Daniels (1st time) 2002 - 2007 Jerry Paulette (2nd time) 2007 - 2010 Fred Daniels (2nd time) 2010 - 2013 Cheyeanne Paulette (b. 1980) 2013 - 2016 Andrew Wandering Spirit 2016 - 2017 Lorraine MacDonald (f) 2017 - 2019 John Tourangeau2019 - 2022 Gerry Cheezie 2022 - Thaidene Paulette

Stoney (Stoney Nakoda)

1877 Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Stoney), three constituent bands administered separately.1894 – 1969 Stony (from 1945, Stoney) Indian Agency established.1968 Joint Band Council established.1974 (2 months) Frank Kaquitts becomes overall Stoney chief.2008 Casino opened.

Bearspaw Band Former Flag

Bearspaw Band Flag

Chiefs of Bearspaw Band 1877 - 1903 Jacob Bearspaw (b. c.1837 - d. 1903) (Stoney name: Ozija Thiha, Cree name: Maskwaahsid)1903 – 1912 Moses Bearspaw (b. c.1855 - d. 1912)1912 - 1916 George MacLean (b. 1877 - d. 1963)1917 - 1956 David Bearspaw (b. 1865 – d. 1956)1956 – af.1957 John Bearspaw (b. c.1885 – d. 19..)1961 - 1963 Frank Kaquitts (b. 1925 - d. 2002)1963 - 1966 Tom Two Young Men (1st time) 1966 - 1968 William "Bill" MacLean (b. 1920 - d. 2016) (1st time) 1968 - 1971 Tom Two Young Men (2nd time) 1971 - 1973 William "Bill" MacLean (s.a.) (2nd time) 1973 - 1975 ....1975 - 1978 William "Bill" MacLean (s.a.) (3rd time) 1978 - 1984 Bill Ear1984 - 1986 Una Wesley (f) (1st time)1986 - 1988 Dandy Amos(1st time)1988 – 1990 Una Wesley (f) (2nd time)1990 – 199. Dandy Amos (2nd time) bf.1991 - 1994 John Ear1994 - 1996 Harvey Baptiste1996 - 1998 Philomene Stephens (f)1998 – Dec 2008 Darcy Lee Dixon (1st time)Dec 2008 – Sep 2011 David Bearspaw, Jr.Sep 2011 - Darcy Lee Dixon (2nd time)

Chiniki Band Flag

Chiefs of Chiniki Band1877 - 1906 John Chiniki (b. c.1834 - d. 1906)1906 - 1911 Jonas Two Young Men1912 - 1922 Tom Chiniki1922 - 1933 Hector Crawler (b. c.1852 - d. 1933)1933 - 1960 Jacob Two Young Men1960 - 1962 Daniel Wildman1962 - af.1966 George Labelle (1st time)bf.1970 - af.1972 Frank Powderface (1st time)1973 - 1975 Frank Kaquitts (1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 2002)197. – 1976 Frank Powderface (2nd time)1976 - 1978 Alvin Two Young Men (1st time)1978 - 1984 Frank Powderface (3rd time)1984 - 1986 Frank Kaquitts (2nd time) (s.a.)1986 - 1988 Alvin Two Young Men (2nd time)1988 – af.1990 George Labelle (2nd time)bf.1991 - 1996 Ken Soldier1996 - 1998 Henry Holloway1998 – Dec 2000 Paul ChiniquayDec 2000 – Dec 2005 Aaron Young (1st time)Dec 2005 – Dec 2014 Bruce LabelleDec 2014 - Aaron Young (2nd time)

Wesley Band Flag to 2022

Goodstoney Band Flag From 2022

Chiefs of Goodstoney (1903-2022 Wesley) Band1877 - 1885 Jacob Goodstoney (b. 182. – d. 1885) (Stoney name: Toghapa, Cree name: Kichipwot) 1885 – 1903 Jonas Goodstoney (d. 1903) 1903 - 1935 Peter Wesley (d. 1935) 1935 - 1938 Amos Bigstoney 1938 – 19.. Moses Jimmy John bf.1940 - 1949 Enos Hunter (b. 1883 - d. 1949) 1949 - 1955 Tom Snow bf.1960 - af.1962 Isaac Two Young Men (b. 1900 – d. 1965) 1967 - 1968 Tom Kaquitts 1968 - 1992 John Snow (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2006) 1992 - 1996 Ernest Wesley (1st time) 1996 – Dec 2000 John Snow (2nd time) (s.a.) Dec 2000 – Dec 2006 Ernest Wesley (2nd time) Dec 2006 – Dec 2010 Clifford Poucette (1st time) Dec 2010 - Dec 2018 Ernest Wesley (3rd time) Dec 2018 - Clifford Poucette (2nd time)

Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation

[Sturgeon Lake Cree
Nation (Alberta, Canada)]

1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Sturgeon Lake). 2000 Renamed Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1900 - 190. "The Captain" (headman) c.1982 Adolphus Kappo 198. – 1987 Francis V. Goodswimmer 1987 - 1992 Ronald Sunshine 1992 - 1993 Darlene Desjarlais (f) 1993 - 1995 Alfred Goodswimmer 1995 - 1998 Melvin J. Goodswimmer 1998 - 2001 Jerry Goodswimmer 2001 - 2004 Clyde Goodswimmer (1st time) 2004 - 2010 David R. Kappo 2010 - 2019 Richard D. Kappo 2019 - 2022 Clyde Goodswimmer (2nd time) 2022 - Sheldon Sunshine

Sucker Creek

[Sucker Creek Brand
(Alberta, Canada)]

1910 Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Sucker Creek). Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)1910 – 1914 Louis Willier (Mostos) (b. c.1850 – d. 1914) c.1982 Donald Calliou (1st time) 198. – 1987 James G. Badger (1st time) 1987 – 1989 Donald Calliou (2nd time) 1989 – 1997 James G. Badger (2nd time) 1997 – 1998 Alvin Cardinal (1st time) 1998 – 1999 Raymond Willier 1999 – 2003 Alvin Cardinal (2nd time) 2003 – 2006 Fred Badger 2006 – 2009 Jaret Cardinal 2009 - 2021 James G. Badger (3rd time) 2021 - 2024 Roderick Willier 2024 - Carol Okemow (f)

Sunchild1944 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Sunchild). Chiefs 1944 – 19.. Louis Sunchild c.1982 Robert Whitecalf (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1988 Nelson Daychief bf.1989 - af.1990 Robert Whitecalf (2nd time) bf.1991 - 1997 Harry Goodrunning (1st time) 1997 – 1999 Melvin Goodrunning (1st time) 1999 – 2001 Harry Goodrunning (2nd time) 2001 – 2003 Melvin Goodrunning (2nd time) 2003 – 2009 Stanley Lagrelle (1st time) 2009 – 2011 James Frencheater 2011 – 2013 Stanley Lagrelle (2nd time) 2013 - Jonathan Frencheater

Swan River1910 Separated from Driftpile, under the Treaty No. 8 (Swan River). Chiefs (to 1936, Headmen)1910 – 1927 Felix Giroux 1927 – 1928 Edward Twin 1928 – 1935 August Chalifoux (1st time) 1935 – af.1936 August Sowan 19.. – 19.. Gene Giroux 19.. – 19.. August Chalifoux (2nd time) 19.. – 19.. Victor Twin 19.. – 19.. Paul Sound c.1982 Henry C. Chalifoux (1st time) 198. - 1987 Gordon Courtoreille 1987 - af.1989 Dustin V. Twin (1st time) bf.1990 - 1996 Henry C. Chalifoux (2nd time) 1996 – 1999 Dustin V. Twin (2nd time) 1999 – 2002 Richard Davis 2002 – 2013 Leon Chalifoux (acting to 2003) 2013 - 2016 Ryan Davis 2016 - 2022 Gerald Giroux2022 - Lee Twinn

Tallcree
1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Vermilion). 1930 Renamed Tallcree. 1948 - 1970 Fort Vermilion Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1899 - af.1916 "Tall Cree" (originally headman) bf.1982 - af.1988 Francis Meenen bf.1989 - 1998 Bernard J. Meneen (1st time) 1998 - 2003 Frank Meneen 2003 - 2008 Bernard J. Meneen (2nd time) 2008 - Rupert L. Meneen

Tsuut'ina (Tsuu T'ina)

c.1750 Part of the Blackfoot confederacy (see under Siksika).1877 Signed the Treaty No. 7 (Sarcee).1884 - 1948 Sarcee Indian Agency established.1992 Renamed Tsuu T'ina Nation.2007 Casino opened. 2015 Spelling changed to Tsuut'ina.

Head chiefs18.. – 1865 Xakidji-tsitl'a "Little (d. 1865) Chief" 1865 - 1911 Iik'ootsii "Bull Head" (b. 1833 - d. 1911) 1912 – 1922 Jim Big Plume (d. 1922) 1922 - 1946 Joseph "Joe" Big Plume (b. 1883 - d. 1946) Chiefs 1946 - 1953 David Crowchild (b. 1899 - d. 1982) 1953 – 1962 James "Jim" Starlight (b. 1904 – d. 1966) (1st time) 1962 – 1964 Richard Big Plume (1st time) (b. 1902 – d. 2002) 1964 – 1966 James "Jim" Starlight (s.a.) (2nd time) 1966 – 1970 Richard Big Plume (2nd time) (s.a.) 1970 - 1976 Gordon Crowchild (b. 1929 - d. 2015) 1976 - 1984 Clifford Big Plume (1st time) 1984 - 1986 Roy Whitney (1st time) 1986 – 1987 Clifford Big Plume (2nd time) 1987 - 2001 Roy Whitney (2nd time) 2001 - 2012 Sandford Big Plume 2012 - 2016 Roy Whitney (3rd time) 2016 - 2019 Sydney "Lee" Crowchild 2019 - Roy Whitney (4th time)

Whitefish Lake

1901 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Whitefish Lake) in Atikameg, Alberta. Chiefs 1901 – 19.. Vacant c.1910 Nahakis c.1982 Gilbert Laboucan c.1987 Pat Yellowknee bf.1988 - af.1990 Eddie L. Tallman (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1992 Robert Gray (1st time) bf.1996 - 1999 Eddie L. Tallman (2nd time) 1999 – 2001 Robert Gray (2nd time) 2001 – 2010 Clifford Laboucan 2010 - 2014 Eddie L. Tallman (2nd time) 2014 - 2018 Robert Gray (3rd time) 2018 - 2023 Albert Thunder 2023 - Eddie L. Tallman (3rd time)

Woodland Cree

1990 Separated from Lubicon Lake, under the Treaty No. 8 (Woodland Cree). Chiefs1990 – 199. Melvin Laboucan (1st time)bf.1991- 1998 John W. Cardinal1998 – 2001 Joseph P. Whitehead. (1st time)2001 – 2002 Melvin Laboucan(2nd time)2002 – 2003 Tom Cardinal (acting)2003 – 2010 Joseph P. Whitehead (2nd time)2010 – 2013 William Whitehead2013 - Isaac Laboucan-Avirom

British ColumbiaNote: There are 203 First Nations in British Columbia. Although the treaties with the Crown by 10 bands on the Vancouver Island were entered during 1850-1854 and most of the reserves were set aside by 1900, a majority of the nations in British Columbia remain outside of the treaties with Canada until now. The modern self-government treaty making started in 1986, but by 2017 only 13 nations had signed these treaties. Currently recorded are: (1) 12 largest First Nations by registered native on-reserve population in 2010 (the ones whose population exceeded 800) and (2) eight First Nations in the north-eastern part of the province that are covered by the Treaty No. 8 of 1899.There were the following Indian agencies not recorded below under individual First Nations: West Coast (1881-1970), Kamloops (1881-1969), New Westminster (to 1910 Fraser River, 1881-1965), Williams Lake (1883-1971), Kootenay (1885-1969), Stikine (1905-1954), Queen Charlotte (1909-1966), Stuart Lake (1910-1968), Nicola (1929-1969), Burns Lake (1956-1968), Terrace (1959-1971).

Blueberry River


Former Flag


Current Flag

1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Beaver of Fort St. John) 1934 - 1968 Fort St. John Indian Agency established. 1962 Renamed Fort St. John. 1977 Renamed Blueberry River. Chiefs 1900 - 1912 Vacant1912 - 1918 Madaayea (Anglicized: Montney)(b. c.1846 - d. 1918) 1919 - 1952 Sagonaa (Anglicized: Succona) (b. 1879 – d. 1952) c.1972 Rene Dominic c.1982 Gerald Davis bf.1985 - af.1992 Joseph Apsassin (1st time) bf.1997 - 2001 Norman Yahey (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Malcolm Apsassin 2003 - 2005 Linda Chipesia (f) 2005 - 2009 Norman Yahey (2nd time) 2009 - 2013 Joseph Apsassin (2nd time) 2013 - 2022 Marvin Yahey2022 - Judy Desjarlais (f)

Cowichan1859 First of several reserves set aside. 1881 - 1970 Cowichan Indian Agency established. 1886 - 189. Cowichan Council elected by 7 Cowichan bands (Clemclemluts, Comiaken, Khenipsen, Kilpahlas, Koksilah, Quamichan, Somena). 1939 Amalgamation of 7 Cowichan bands. Chief councilor (leader of municipal style council) 1886 - af.1887 Lohah (chief of Comiaken) Head chief bf.1897 - af.1915 Charlie Suhiltun (chief of Quamichan) Chiefs1939 - 19.. .... c.1945 Fred Thorne 1972 - 1974 Dennis Alphonse (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2004) 1974 - 1976 Wesley Modeste 1976 - 1988 Dennis Alphonse (2nd time) (s.a.) 1988 - 1990 Ernest Elliott 1990 - 1992 Dennis Alphonse (3rd time) (s.a.) 1992 - 1998 Philomena Alphonse (f) 1998 - 2002 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (1st time) 2002 - 2007 Harvey R. Alphonse (1st time) 2007 - 2011 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (2nd time) 2011 - 2013 Harvey R. Alphonse (2nd time) 2013 - 2022 William C. Seymour2022 - 2024 Lydia A. Hwitsum (f) (3rd time) 2024 - Cindy Daniels (f)

Doig River


Former Flag


Current Flag

1977 Separated from Blueberry River, under the Treaty No. 8 (Doig River). Chiefs1977 – 1981 Gerry Attachie (1st time) (b. 1952) 1981 – 1985 Kelvin Davis (1st time) 1985 – 1997 Gerry Attachie (2nd time) (s.a.) 1997 – 1999 .... 1999 – 2001 Kelvin Davis (2nd time) 2001 – 2005 Gary Oker 2005 – 2009 Kelvin Davis (3rd time) 2009 - 2015 Norman Davis 2015 - Trevor Makadahay

Fort Nelson1911 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Slaveys of Fort Nelson). 1962 Renamed Fort Nelson. Chiefs1911 - 19.. Jimmie Badine bf.1982 - af.1988 George Behn bf.1989 - af.1990 Kathi Dickie (f) (1st time) bf.1991 - 1992 Sally Behn (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1993 Glen Badine 1993 - 1994 William Capot-Blanc 1994 - 1997 Harvey Behn 1997 - 1998 Sally Behn (f) (2nd time) 1998 - 1999 Adolphus Capot-Blanc 1999 - 2005 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (1st time) 2005 - 2006 Sally Behn (f) (3rd time) 2006 - 2008 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (2nd time) 2008 - 2012 Kathi Dickie (f) (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Sharleen Wildeman (f) (1st time) (from 2013,Sharleen Gale) 2014 - 2017 Elizabeth A. Logan (f) (3rd time) 2017 - 2018 Harrison Dickie2018 - 2019 Curtis Dickie 2019 - 2024 Sharleen Gale (f) (2nd time) 2024 - Archie Harrold

Gitanmaax

Possible Flag

1891 First of reserves set aside (Hazelton, also named Gitanmaax in various spellings, such as Get-An-Max). 1982 Name Gitanmaax specified. First chief bf.1897 - af.1903 Gedimgaldo’o (Get-dum-gol-doc) Chiefsc.1982 Lawrence W. Howard bf.1986 - 1988 Neil B. Sterritt (b. 1941 - d. 2020) 1988 - 1990 Stephen Robinson 1990 - af.1992 Gary Patsey bf.1996 - af.1998 Lawrence K. Patsey bf.2002 - 2012 Marjorie McRae (f) (1st time) 2012 - 2014 Julie Morrison (f) 2014 - 2016 Marjorie McRae (f) (2nd time) 2016 - 2018 Veronica Green (f) 2018 - 2024 Tracey Woods (f) 2024 - Kirsten Barnes (f)

Halfway River1914 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Hudson’s Hope). 1977 Renamed Halfway River. Chiefs 1914 – 19.. Metecheah c.1972 Harry Jackson c.1982 Grace Metecheah (f) c.1987 Bernie Metecheah (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1991 Gerry Hunter (1st time) bf.1992 - 2001 Bernie Metecheah (2nd time) 2001 - 2003 Joyce Morin (f) 2003 - 2005 Roslyn Pokiak (f) 2005 - 2009 Gerry Hunter (2nd time) 2009 - 2011 Ed Whitford 2011 - 2013 Russell Lily 2013 - Darlene Hunter (f)

Heiltsuk
1882 First of reserves set aside (Bella Bella). 1982 Renamed Heiltsuk (Haíɫzaqv). Head chiefs bf.1881 - af.1884 Charley Humchitt (Hmzit) bf.1893 - 1900 Boston Humpsit 1901 - 1904 Robert Bell (b. 1859 - d. 1904) c.1913 Bob AndersonChiefs 19.. - 1982 Edwin Newman (1st time) 1982 - 1990 Cecil M. Reid (b. 1930 - d. 2016) 1990 - 1992 Arlene Wilson (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Edwin Newman (2nd time) 1994 - af.1998 Arlene Wilson (f) (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Robert Germyn 2002 - 2006 Ross Wilson 2006 - 2008 William Gladstone 2008 - Marilyn Slett (f)

Lake Babine1889 - 1971 Babine Indian agency. 1892 First of reserves set aside (Fort Babine). 1957 Renamed Lake Babine (upon incorporation of Old Fort). 1996 Renamed Lake Babine Nation. Head chief c.1825 Ack-koo-shaw Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1906 "Big" George (Gwist’a’) c.1915 William 1959 - 1962 Nee Ughin Lee c.196. Margaret Patrick (f) (1st time) c.1968 Lawrence Tom 1969 - 1972 Margaret Patrick (f) (2nd time) 1972 - 1975 Ted Lowley (1st time) 1975 - 1979 Margaret Patrick (f) (3rd time) 1979 - 1988 Ted Lowley (2nd time) 1988 - 1994 Wilfred Adam (1st time) 1994 - 1997 Emma Palmantier (f) (1st time) 1997 - 2003 Betty Patrick (f) (1st time) 2003 - 2006 Emma Palmantier (f) (2nd time) 2006 - 2009 Betty Patrick (f) (2nd time) 2009 - 2018 Wilfred Adam (2nd time) 2018 - 2021 Gordon Alec2021 - 2024 Murphy Abraham 2024 - Wilfred Adam (3rd time)

Lax Kw’alaams
1881 First of reserves set aside (Port Simpson, often named Fort Simpson until c.1910). 1883 - 1967 Northwest Coast (1909-1922 Nass, from 1922 Skeena River) Indian agency. 1983 Renamed Lax Kw’alaams. Head chiefs bf.1836 - 1842 "Old" Legaic (Ligeex) (d. 1842) 1842 - 1869 Legaic (b. c.1820 - d. 1869) (from 1863, Paul Legaic I) 1869 - 1891 Paul Legaic II (d. 1891) 1891 - 1902 Martha Legaic (f) (b. c.1874 - d. 1902) Chief councillors (leaders of municipal style council) 1894 - 190. .... c.1905 Alfred S. Dudoward (b. c.1850 - d. 1914) bf.1928 - af.1935 Ernest Dudoward (d. 1951) c.1947 Thomas Gosnell 19.. - 1952 .... Chiefs (from c.2013, with title of Mayor) c.1968 Reginald Sampson (1st time) c.1981 James Bryant (1st time) c.1982 Reginald Sampson (2nd time) c.1983 James Bryant (2nd time) 198. - 1987 Leonard Reece 1987 - 1989 Reginald Sampson (3rd time) 1989 - 1991 Lawrence Helin (b. 1931 - d. 2015) 1991 - af.1993 Helen Johnson (f) bf.1997 - 1999 Benjamin G. Hughes 1999 - 2015 Garry M. Reece (1st time) 2015 - 2019 John B. Helin 2019 - Garry M. Reece (2nd time)

Lil'wat Nation1881 First of several reserves set aside (Pemberton). 1958 Renamed Mount Currie. 2015 Renamed Lil'wat Nation. Chiefs bf.1881 - af.1915 James Stager (Statzie) c.1922 Alphonse J. Stager 1981 - 1989 Leonard J. Andrew (1st time) 1989 - af.1990 Fraser Andrew bf.1991 - 1995 Katherine Wallace (f) 1995 - 2003 Allen Stager 2003 - 2011 Leonard J. Andrew (2nd time) 2011 - 2015 Lucinda Phillips (f) 2015 - Dean Nelson

Lytton
1878 First of reserves set aside (Lytton, also named Tlkamcheen in various spellings until c.1910), designated already in 1860. 1910 - 1969 Lytton Indian agency. Chiefsc.1858 David Spintlum (Sexpinlhemx) (b. c.1811 - d. 1887) 1878 - af.1899 William Michel c.1963 Charles R. Brown c.1978 Tim Spinks bf.1980 - 1983 Nathan J. Spinks 1983 - 1991 Ruby R. Dunstan (f) 1991 - af.1995 Byron J. Spinks (1st time) bf.1997 - af.2003 Janet Webster (f) (1st time) bf.2007 - 2009 Byron J. Spinks (2nd time) 2009 - 2023 Janet Webster (f) (2nd time) 2023 - Niakia Hanna

McLeod Lake1892 Reserve set aside (McLeod Lake). 2000 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 8 of 1899. Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1899 Nansit c.1972 Michell Solonas bf.1977 - 1997 Harry Chingee 1997 - 2002 Alec Chingee (1st time) 2002 - 2005 Harley Chingee (1st time) 2005 - 2008 Alec Chingee (2nd time) 2008 - 2017 Derek Orr 2017 - Harley Chingee (2nd time)

Namgis1881 First of reserves set aside (Nimkeesh). 1881 - 1970 Kwawkewlth Indian agency. 1934 Spelling changed to Nimpkish. 1996 Renamed Namgis. Chiefs c.1792 Cheslakees bf.1897 - af.1909 Tla-gu-glas (Tlah-co-glass) c.1914 Alfred Lageuse c.1921 Dan Cranmer 1951 - 19.. James Sewid (b. 1933 - d. 1988) c.1980 Roy Cranmer 198. - 1982 William T. Cranmer (1st time) 1982 - 1994 Patrick Alfred (b. 1937 - d. 2007) 1994 - 2014 William T. Cranmer (2nd time) 2014 - 2017 Debra Hanuse (f) 2017 - 2023 Donald Svanvik 2023 - Victor Isaac

Nisga’a of New Aiyansh

Flag of Nisga'a Nation
Adopted 24 Apr 2001

1881 First of reserves set aside (Aiyansh). 1924 Renamed Gitlakdamix. 2000 Renamed Nisga’a Village of New Aiyansh (the former name remains in use locally), the Nisga’a Final Agreement of 1999 effective. 2010 Spelling of locally used name changed to Gitlaxt’aamiks (confirmed 2022). Head chiefs c.1856 "Old" Skoten (Sgat’iin) bf.1879 - af.1881 Skoten First chiefs bf.1885 - af.1899 Abraham Wright c.1913 Andrew Mercer Chiefs c.1978 James Gosnell c.1982 Roderick Robinson (b. 1931 - d. 2004) 198. - 1988 Joseph A. Gosnell (b. 1936 - d. 2020) 1988 - 1990 Percy Tait 1990 - 1996 Herbert Morven (1st time) 1996 - 1998 Reg Percival 1998 - 2000 Herbert Morven (2nd time) 2000 – 2004 Brian Tait 2004 - 2008 Eva Clayton (f) 2008 - 2012 George Williams 2012 – 2016 Gerald Robinson 2016 – 2020 Keith Tait 2020 - Calvin Morven

Nuxalk
1882 First of reserves set aside (Bella Coola). 1909 - 1971 Bella Coola Indian agency. 1992 Renamed Nuxalk Nation. Head chief bf.1897 - af.1899 Chi-che-law Chiefs c.1979 Archie Pootlass (1st time) bf.1980 - 1989 Edward Moody (1st time) (b. 1947 - d. 2010) 1989 - 1991 Archie Pootlass (2nd time) 1991 - 1995 Edward Moody (2nd time) (s.a.) 1995 - 2001 Archie Pootlass (3rd time) 2001 - 2005 Anfinn C. Siwallace 2005 - 2007 Archie Pootlass (4th time) 2007 - 2011 Spencer Siwallace 2011 - 2013 Andrew Andy 2013 - 2021 Wally Webber2021 - Samuel Schooner

Okanagan
c.1860 Okanagan people divided - the northern part in British Columbia and the southern part in the U.S. (see under Colville). 1877 First of reserves set aside (Head of the Lake), designated already in 1865. 1881 - 1969 Okanagan Indian agency (1884–1910 abolished). 1892 Renamed Nkamaplix (also named Vernon from c.1910). 1920 Renamed Okanagan. Head chiefs of Okanagan people bf.1829 - 1859 Nicola (Hwistesmetxe’qen) (b. c.1780 – d. 1859) c.1860 Chilliheetsa Chiefs 1865 - 1878 Moise Cinq-Coeur (d. 1878) 1879 - 1898 Basil William 1898 - 1907 Louis Jim 1907 - 1908 Pierre Michel (Hlakay)(1st time)(b. c.1835 - d. 1918) 1908 - 1909 Isaac Harris 1909 - 1912 Baptiste Logan 1912 - 1915 Pierre Michel (2nd time) (s.a.) 1915 - 1918 Gaston Louis 1918 - 1961 .... 1961 - 1965 Murray Alexis (1st time) 1965 - 1971 Ernest Brewer 1971 - 1975 Murray Alexis (2nd time) 1975 - 1979 Wilfred Bonneau 1979 - 1981 Murray Alexis (3rd time) 1981 - 1983 Reynold Bonneau (1st time) 1983 - 1991 Murray Alexis (4th time) 1991 - 1993 Albert Saddleman (1st time) 1993 - 1995 Reynold Bonneau (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Albert Saddleman (2nd time) 1997 - 1999 Reynold Bonneau (3rd time) 1999 - 2003 Don Wilson 2003 - 2005 Lyle Brewer 2005 - 2011 Fabian Alexis 2011 - Byron Louis

Prophet River1974 Separated from Fort Nelson, under the Treaty No. 8 (Prophet River). Chiefs 1974 - bf.1982 .... bf.1982 - 2009 Liza Wolf (f) 2009 - 2018 Lynette Tsakoza (f)2018 - 2021 Kirk L. Tsakoza 2021 - Valerie Askoty (f)

Saulteau1914 Adhesion to the Treaty No.8 of 1899 (Saulteau). Chiefs1914 - 19.. John Desjarlais (headman) 19.. - 1935 William Desjarlais (d. 1935) c.19.. Thomas Napoleon c.19.. Fred Courtoreille c.19.. Johnny Gauthier c.19.. Joe Desjarlais c.19.. Elmer Davis c.19.. Marvin Desjarlais bf.1982 - af.1988 Jack Davis 198. - 1989 Bud Napoleon 1989 - 1994 Stewart Cameron (1st time) 199. - 1997 Art Napoleon 1997 - 1999 Stewart Cameron (2nd time)
1999 - 2001 Robin Paquette 2001 - 2009 Allan Apsassin 2009 - 2014 Harley Davis 2014 - 2017 Nathan Parenteau 2017 - 2020 Kenneth Cameron 2020 - 2023 Justin F. Napoleon 2023 - Rudy Paquette

Squamish


Former Squamish Nation Flag


Current Squamish Nation Flag

1869 First of several reserves set aside. 1922 - 1969 Vancouver (from 1965, Fraser) Indian agency established. 1923 Amalgamation of 5 Squamish bands (Capilano, False Creek, Howe Sound, Mission, Seymour Creek). Chiefs of Mission (by 1900, the most populous Squamish reserve) c.1860 - af.1869 Joseph (Snatt) bf.1897 - af.1916 Harry Joseph bf.1922 - af.1950 Moses Joseph Chairmen 1923 - 1959 Council of Chiefs (originally 16 lineages of life chiefs) 1959 - 1969 Simon Baker (b. 1916 - d. 2001) 1969 - 1981 David Jacobs (b. 1937) 1981 - 1993 Leslie Harry Co-chairs 1993 - 2009 Byron Joseph (1st time) + Bill Williams 2009 - 2013 Krisandra Jacobs (f) + Byron Joseph (2nd time) 2013 - 2017 Ann Whonnock (f) + Byron Joseph (3rd time)2017 - 2021 Kristen Rivers (f) + Joshua JosephChairman 2021 - Dustin Rivers (Khelsilem)

West Moberly1977 Separated from Halfway River, under the Treaty No. 8 (West Moberly). Chiefs 1977 – 1990 John Dokkie 1990 – 1999 George Desjarlais 1999 - Roland Willson

Manitoba

Barren Lands1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Barren Lands). Chiefs 1906 - 1923 Petit Casimir (d. 1940) 1923 - 1935 Rene Samuel 1935 - 1948 Donald Isasage 1948 - 1958 Thomas Dettanikkeaze 1958 - 1960 Louis Dettanikkeaze 1960 - 1973 Patrice Hyslop 1973 - 1975 Eugene Bendoni 1976 - 1978 George Bighetty 1978 - 1983 Peter Bighetty 1983 - 1985 Philip K. Michel (1st time) 1985 - 1986 Donald McCallum (1st time) 1986 - 1989 Philip K. Michel (2nd time) 1989 - 1992 John W. Bighetty (1st time) 1992 - 1995 Alfred Bighetty 1995 - 1998 John W. Bighetty (2nd time) 1998 - 2000 Roy Bighetty (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Donald McCallum (2nd time) 2002 - 2006 Archie Halkett 2006 - 2008 John W. Bighetty (3rd time) 2008 - 2010 Russell Halkett 2010 - 2012 Roy Bighetty (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Delphine I. Bighetty (f) 2014 - 2016 Michael Sewap (1st time) 2016 - 2020 John Clarke 2020 - 2022 Trina Halkett (f) 2022 - 2024 Michael Sewap (2nd time) 2024 - Jonas Sewap

Berens River 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Berens River). 1884 – 1904 Berens River Indian Agency established. Chiefs1875 - 1916 Jacob Berens (b. c.1835 – d. 1916) 1917 - 1947 William Berens (b. 1866 – d. 1947) c.1982 James Semple c.1987 Lester O. Everett (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Andrew Bittern c.1991 Lester O. Everett (2nd time) c.1992 Elsie Bouchie (f) bf.1993 - 1995 Arnold M. Ross 1995 - 1997 Lester O. Everett (3rd time) 1997 - 2001 Alfred Everett (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Nancy Whiteway (f) 2003 - af.2005 Alfred Everett (2nd time) bf.2006 - 2014 George Kemp 2014 - 2016 Jackie Everett (f) 2016 - 2019 Hartley Everett (1st time) 2019 - 2023 Norman McKay 2023 - Hartley Everett (2nd time)

Birdtail Sioux1864 Arrived from the U.S. 1875 Birdtail Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1878 - 1949 Birtle Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1864 - 1896 Enoch (d. 1896) (Mahpiya Hinape "Cloud Appears") 1896 - af.1899 Vacant bf.1974 - af.1982 Jack Kasto bf.1987 - af.1989 Nelson "Kelly" Bunn (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1992 Henry Skywater (1st time) bf.1993 - 1995 Nelson"Kelly" Bunn (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Henry Skywater (2nd time) 1997 - af.1999 Nelson"Kelly" Bunn (3rd time) bf.2001 - af.2003 Murray Clearsky bf.2005 - 2013 Kenneth B. Chalmers (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Nelson Bunn (3rd time) 2015 - 2021 Kenneth B. Chalmers (2nd time)2021 - Lindsay Bunn

Black River (Little Black River)1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Black River). c.1950 – 2012 Renamed Little Black River. Chiefs 1876 - 18.. James Bird 18.. - 1884 Isaac Passage (d. 1884) bf.1896 – af.1899 John Sayer c.1982 Victor R. Starr c.1987 Oliver Bird bf.1988 - af.1989 Henry Bird bf.1990 - af.1997 Franklin Abraham (1st time) bf.2001 - 2003 Sheldon Kent (1st time) 2003 – af.2005 Franklin Abraham (2nd time) bf.2007 - 2014 Sheldon Kent (2nd time) 2014 - 2015 Franklin Abraham (3rd time) 2015 - Sheldon Kent (3rd time)

Bloodvein1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Bloodvein). Chiefs 1876 – af.1899 Peter Stoney (Sakachewayas) c.1982 Harry Cook bf.1987 - af.1990 Frank Young (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1997 Helen Cook (f) bf.2000 - 2002 Derek A. Cook (1st time) 2002 - 2004 William Young 2004 - 2006 Roland J. Hamilton (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Craig Cook 2008 - 2010 Frank Young (2nd time) 2010 - 2020 Roland J. Hamilton (2nd time) 2020 - 2022 Derek A. Cook (2nd time) 2022 - 2024 Roland J. Hamilton (3rd time) 2024 - Lisa Young (f)

Brokenhead Ojibway Nation


Former Flag


Current Flag

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Fort Garry). 1875 Renamed Brokenhead. 1911 - 1969 Clandeboye Indian Agency established. 1990 Renamed Brokenhead Ojibway Nation. 2005 Casino opened. Chiefs 1871 - 1875 Nashakepenais (1st time) "Flying Dove Bird" 1875 - 1876 Petanaquuap 1876 - 1877 Nashakepenais (2nd time) 1877 - 1878 John Raven 1878 - 1893 Nashakepenais (3rd time) 1894 - af.1899 Squakappow bf.1982 - af.1988 James Bear (1st time) bf.1989 - 1992 Wendell Sinclair (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Deborah G. Chief (f) (1st time) 1994 - af.1998 Wendell Sinclair (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Harvey Olson 2002 - 2006 Tina Levesque (f) 2006 - 2012 Deborah G. Chief (f) (2nd time) 2012 - 2018 James Bear (2nd time) 2018 - 2022 Deborah Smith (f) 2022 - Gordon Bluesky

Buffalo Point

1873 Signed the Treaty No. 3 (Buffalo Bay). 1924 Renamed Buffalo Point.

Chiefs1873 - 1900                Ayashawath                    (d. 1900)
1900 - 1906                "Little Thunder"            (d. 1906)
1906 - 1941                Jim "Old" Thunder             (d. 1941)
1941 - 1969                Warren "Shorty" Thunder       (d. 1972)
1969 - 1997                James "Jim" Thunder
1997 -                    John Thunder    (b. 1960)

Bunibonibee Cree Nation

1909 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Oxford House). 2004 Renamed Bunibonibee Cree Nation. Chiefs 1909 - 19.. Jeremiah Chubb 1975 - 19.. Dorothy Grieves (f) c.1982 Dennis Grieves bf.1987 - af.1989 Tommy Weenusk bf.1991 - 1993 Gabriel Hart (1st time) 1993 – 1995 Bailey Colon (1st time) 1995 – 1997 Gabriel Hart (2nd time) 1997 – 1999 James Mason 1999 – 2005 Bailey Colon (2nd time) 2005 – 2007 Gabriel Hart (3rd time) 2007 – 2009 Bailey Colon (3rd time) 2009 – 2012 Irvin R. Sinclair (1st time) 2012 - 2013 Timothy J. Muskego (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Irvin R. Sinclair (2nd time) 2015 - 2019 Timothy J. Muskego (2nd time) 2019 - Richard Hart

Canupawakpa Dakota

1862 Arrived from the U.S. 1878 Oak Lake Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1908 - 1949 Griswold Indian Agency established. 1996 Renamed Canupawakpa Dakota. Chiefs1862 - c.1870 Hda Mani "Rattles Walking" (b. c.1831 – d. 1912)c.1870 - af.1877 Weeokeah (Waoke)c.1885 Vacantc.1890 Hawedabf.1897 - af.1899 Vacantc.1974 Frank Eastman c.1982 Wilfred Demas bf.1987 - af.1988 Kenneth Eastman bf.1989 - af.1990 Clarence Eastman c.1991 Mike Kay (1st time) c.1992 Phillip H. Eagle (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Alvina Chaske (f)1996 - 199. Mike Kay(2nd time)c.1997 Shirley Chaske (f)bf.2000 - 2002 Noella Eagle (f)2002 - 2004 Phillip H. Eagle(2nd time)2004 - 2008 Viola Eastman (f)(1st time)2008 - 2014 Franklin Brown2014 - 2016 Delbert Cruise2016 - 2022 Viola Eastman (f)(2nd time) 2022 - 2023 Lola Thunderchild (f) 2023 - Raymond Brown

Chemawawin Cree Nation

1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Chemawawin). 2007 Renamed Chemawawin Cree Nation. Chiefs 1875 - af.1899 James Lathlin (headman) bf.1982 - af.1988 Sam G. George bf.1989 - 1996 Alphaeus Brass 1996 - Clarence Easter

Cross Lake (Pimicikamak Cree)
1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Cross Lake), confirmed in 1908 (from 1996, identifiesitself as the Pimicikamak Cree Nation).Chiefs (title Okimahkan)1875 – 1881 Donald William Sinclair Ross (b. c.1805 – d. 1881) (Tepastenam) 1882 – 1885 David Ross1886 George Garrioch1887 – 1891 Sandy Garrioch1892 – 1895 Jacob Ross1896 – 1899 Thomas Ross1899 – 1922 Peter Ross1922 – 1924 Vacant1924 – 1928 Felix Scott1929 – 1935 John Ross1936 – 1939 Albert Sinclair (b. 1881 – d. 1949)1940 – 1941 Spence Ross1941 – 1943 Vacant1943 – 1953 Henry Beardy (1st time)1953 – 1955 Bello Ross (1st time)1955 – 1959 Henry Beardy (2nd time)1959 – 1961 Samuel McKay (1st time)1961 – 1963 Sandy Beardy (b. 1920 – d. 2001)1963 – 1965 Bello Ross (2nd time)1965 – 1967 Charles Sinclair1967 – 1969 Samuel McKay (2nd time)1969 – 1972 Walter F. Monias (1st time)1972 – 1973 Jonah McKay1973 – 1975 Walter F. Monias (2nd time)1975 – 1977 Catherine Frances Ross (f) (b. 1923)1977 – 1978 Walter F. Monias (3rd time)1978 – Sep 1981 George M. RossSep 1981 – 1985 Walter F. Monias (4th time)1985 – 1987 Etienne Robinson (b. 1945 - d. 2008)1987 – 1989 Walter F. Monias (5th time)1989 – 1998 Sydney B. Garrioch1998 – 1999 Roland Robinson1999 – 2008 John M. Miswagon (b. 1964)Aug 2008 – Dec 2008 Alex J. RobinsonDec 2008 – 2013 Garrison W. Settee (acting to Sep 2009)2013 - 2018 Catherine "Cathy" Merrick (f) (b. 1961 - d. 2024) 2018 - 2019 Thomas Monias 2019 - David A. Monias

Dakota Plains1862 Arrived from the U.S. 1934 Long Plain Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1972 Renamed Dakota Plains. Chiefs c.1934 - 19.. .... bf.1969 - 1994 Ernest Smoke (headman to 1972)(b. c.1938 - d. 1994) 1994 - 5 Oct 2021 Orville Charles Smoke (b. 1947 - d. 2021) 2021 - Donny Smoke

Dakota Tipi1972 Separated from Dakota Plains (no treaty). Chiefs 1972 - 1977 .... 1977 - 2002 Dennis Pashe (1st time) 2002 - 2012 Cornell M. Pashe 2012 - 2016 David L. Pashe 2016 - 2018 Keith Pashe2018 - 2022 Eric Pashe 2022 - Dennis Pashe (2nd time)

Dauphin River1982 Separated from Little Saskatchewan, under the Treaty No. 2 (Dauphin River). Chiefs 1982 - 198. Joe Anderson bf.1987 - af.1992 Emery Stagg (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Allan Summer 1996 - 2013 Emery Stagg (2nd time) 2013 - 2021 John Stagg2021 - Lawrence Letander

Ebb and Flow


Current Flag

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Ebb and Flow). 1877 - 1968 Manitowapah (from 1948, Dauphin) Indian Agency established. Chiefs1871 - 1874 Francois Richard (d. 1874) (Kanahgonash "Broken Finger") 1874 - 1882 Albert Richard (b. c.1851 – d. 1882) (Penaisse "Bird") 1883 - 1887 Baptiste Houle (b. c.1836 – d. 18..) 1887 - 1922 Joseph Houle (b. c.1841 – d. 19..) 1923 - 1930 .... 1930 - 1938 William Mancheese 1938 - 1940 Vacant 1940 - 1958 Abraham Houle 1958 - 1962 .... 1962 - 1964 Willie Mancheese 1964 - 1972 .... 1972 - 1976 James R. Mancheese c.1982 John St.Paul bf.1987 - 1996 Alfred Beaulieu 1996 - af.1998 Louis Malcolm bf.2000 - 2010 Ralph Beaulieu 2010 - 2016 Nelson Houle 2016 - Wayne Desjarlais

Fisher River1877 Separated from Norway House, under the Treaty No. 5 (Fisher River). Chiefs1877 – 1904 David Rundle (d. 1904) 1905 – 1917 John Cochrane 1917 – 1921 Joseph Everett 1921 – 1922 Moses McKay 1922 – 1925 Daniel Cochrane 1926 – 1931 James Murdock (1st time) 1931 – 1937 Jeremiah Rundle 1938 – 1940 James Murdock (2nd time) 1940 – 1945 Alex Hudson 1945 – 1953 James Murdock (3rd time) 1953 – 1959 Charles Sinclair (1st time) 1959 – 1963 Solomon Mallett (1st time) 1963 – 1964 George Sinclair 1965 – 1967 Isaac Cochrane 1967 – 1969 Solomon Mallett (2nd time) 1969 – 1973 Charles Sinclair (2nd time) 1973 – 1989 Wesley Hart 1989 – 1991 David G. Crate (1st time) 1991 – 1995 Lorne Cochrane 1995 – 2001 David G. Crate (2nd time) 2001 – 2003 Sam Murdock 2003 - David G. Crate (3rd time)

Fort Alexander1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Fort Alexander). 2009 Sagkeeng First Nation name informally adopted. Chiefs1871 - 1897 William Mann (d. 1897) (Kakekapenais "Bird Forever") 1898 - 1922 William Mann, Jr. (d. 1922) 1922 - 1926 Vacant 1926 - 1929 James Joseph 1929 - 1930 Joseph Kent 1930 - 1933 Joseph Courchene 1933 - 1938 Xavier Spence 1938 - 1946 John Thompson (1st time) 1946 - 1947 Paul Courchene (1st time) 1947 - 1952 John Thompson (2nd time) 1952 - 1954 William C. Bruyere 1954 - 1958 Paul Courchene (2nd time) 1958 - 1960 Edward Henderson 1960 - 1962 Paul Courchene (3rd time) 1962 - 1964 Gordon Bruyere 1964 - 1966 Albert Fontaine 1966 - 1968 David Courchene (b. 1926 – d. 1992) 1968 - 1969 Andrew J. Sinclair 1969 - 1972 George Guimond 1972 - 1976 L. Phillip Fontaine (b. 1944)1976 - 1978 Lawrence Morriseau 1978 - 1980 Ted J. Fontaine 1980 - 1982 Edwin H. Bruyere 1982 Perry Fontaine (acting) 1982 - 1989 Kenneth Courchene 1989 - 1998 Jerry Fontaine 1998 - 2001 Ronald Fontaine (acting to 1999) 2001 - 2004 Garry Swampy 2004 - 2005 Joseph Daniels (acting) 2005 - 2007 Linda J. Twoheart (f) 2007 - 2015 Donavan C. Fontaine 2015 - 2023 Derrick Henderson2023 - Elmer "E.J." Fontaine

Fox Lake1947 Separated from York Factory, under the Treaty No. 5 (Fox Lake). Chiefs 1947 - 19.. .... c.1975 Thomas Nepetaybo (1st time) bf.1982 - af.1991 Robert Wavey (1st time) c.1992 Thomas Nepetaybo (2nd time) 199. - 1993 Robert Wavey (2nd time) 1993 – 1995 Norman Kirkness (1st time) 1995 - 1996 Robert Wavey (3rd time) 1996 - af.1997 Norman Kirkness (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Ralph Beardy 2002 - 2005 Robert Wavey (4th time) 2005 - 2010 George Neepin 2010 - 2012 Shirley Neepin (f) 2012 - 2019 Walter Spence 2019 - 2020 Billy Beardy 2020 - Morris Beardy

Gambler


Former Flag


Adopted 2019?

1881 Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4 (Gambler). Chiefs1881 - 1907 John Tanner (headman) (d. 1916) (Atakawinin "The Gambler") 1907 - 1975 Vacant bf.1982 - af.1990 James J. Tanner (1st time) bf.1991 - 1992 Louis Tanner (1st time) 1992 – 199. Albert Tanner bf.1994 - 1996 James J. Tanner (2nd time) 1996 - af.1998 Louis Tanner (2nd time) c.2005 Kenny Ducharme bf.2007 - 2008 George Tanner 2008 - 2013 Gordon Ledoux 2013 - David A. Ledoux

Garden Hill
1909 Adherence to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Island Lake Band). 1958 – 1970 Island Lake Indian Agency established. 1969 Renamed Garden Hill. Chiefs 1909 - 1917 George Knott 1917 – 1920 Vacant 1920 – 1928 Allan Wood 1929 – 1930 James Loonfoot 1931 - 1953 Henry Fiddler (b. 1890 – d. 1976) 1953 – 1954 Sandy Flett 1955 – 1963 Alfred McDougall (1st time) 1963 – 1967 Zackius Harper 1967 – 1968 Alfred McDougall (2nd time) 1968 – 1969 Charlie Knott (1st time) 1969 – 1970 Isaiah Harper (1st time) 1970 – 1974 Charlie Knott (2nd time) 1974 – 1976 Isaiah Harper (2nd time) 1976 – 1980 Charlie Knott (3rd time) 1980 – 1982 George Munroe 1982 – 1984 Larry E. Monias 1984 – 1988 Percy Flett 1988 – 1989 Isaiah Harper (3rd time) 1989 – 1991 Jack Fiddler (1st time) 1991 – 1995 Geordie Little 1995 - 1996 Jack Fiddler (2nd time) 1996 – 1997 Harvey Fiddler 1997 – 1998 Larry Monias 1998 - 2000 David Harper (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Darcy Wood 2002 - 2004 Russell Harper 2004 - 2006 David Harper (2nd time) 2006 - 2008 Dino Flett (1st time) 2008 - Aug 2009 David Harper (3rd time) 2009 - 2013 Dino Flett (2nd time) 8 Feb 2013 - Mar 2014 Buddy Beardy 2014 - 2016 Arnold Flett 2016 - 2021 Dino Flett (3rd time) 2021 - 2024 Charles Knott 2024 - Dino Flett (4th time)

God's Lake 1909 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (God's Lake). Chiefs 1909 – 19.. Peter Watt c.1982 Douglas Hastings bf.1987 - af.1988 David Nazzie c.1989 Alex Okemow bf.1990 - af.1992 Peter Watt (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Thomas Clarke 1996 – 199. Peter Watt (2nd time) c.1997 Peter Andrews bf.2000 - 2004 Gilbert G. Andrews (1st time) 2004 – 2006 Eugene Captain 2006 – 2010 Gilbert G. Andrews (2nd time) 2010 – 2012 Peter Watt (3rd time) 2012 - 2020 Gilbert G. Andrews (3rd time) 2020 - 2024 Hubert Watt 2024 - Gilbert G. Andrews (4th time)

Hollow Water1884 Separated from Bloodvein, under the Treaty No. 5 (Hollow Water). Chiefs bf.1896 - 1899 Henry Black (headman) 1899 - 19.. John Hardisty bf.1982 - af.1992 Roderick Bushie (1st time) (b. 1953 – d. 2013) bf.1994 - 1996 Larry Barker (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Roderick Bushie (2nd time) (s.a.) bf.2000 - af.2002 Larry Barker (2nd time) bf.2004 - 2008 Ian Bushie 2008 - 2014 Larry Barker (3rd time) 2014 - 2016 Derek L. Bushie 2016 - Larry Barker (4th time)

Keeseekoowenin

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Riding Mountain). 1875 Renamed Keeseekoowenin. Chiefs1871 - 1875 Mekis "Eagle" (d. 1875) 1875 - 1906 Moses Burns (Keeseekoowenin) (b. c.1818 – d. 1906) 1906 – 19.. George Bone c.1982 George Blackbird bf.1987 - af.1989 Norman B. Bone (1st time) c.1990 Randy Bone bf.1991 - 1997 Harry Bone 1997 - af.2003 Dwayne Blackbird (1st time) bf.2005 - 2013 Norman B. Bone (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 James Plewak 2015 - 2023 Norman B. Bone (3rd time) 2023 - Dwayne Blackbird (2nd time)

Kinonjeoshtegon

1884 Separated from Bloodvein, under the Treaty No. 5 (Jackhead). 1997/2001 Renamed Kinonjeoshtegon. Chiefs 1884 - af.1899 James Sinclair (headman) bf.1982 - af.1990 William Traverse (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1992 Bert Traverse (1st time) bf.1993 - 1995 William Traverse (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Bert Traverse (2nd time) 1997 - af.1999 William Traverse (3rd time) bf.2001 - 2021 David Traverse 2021 - 2023 Rod Traverse 2023 - Tony Traverse

Lake Manitoba

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Lake Manitoba). Chiefs 1871 - af.1875 Sonsonse "Little Long Ears" 1879 - af.1899 Maytwayahsung c.1982 Angus Swan bf.1987 - af.1992 Raymond Swan bf.1994 - af.2002 Florence McLean (f) bf.2004 - 2006 Robert Maytwayashing 2006 - 2008 Larry Swan 2008 - 2014 Barry Swan 2014 - Cornell McLean

Lake St. Martin

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Lake St. Martin). Chiefs 1871 - 1903 Masahkeeyash c.1982 Alexander Marsden bf.1987 - af.1992 David E. Traverse (1st time) bf.1994 - 1996 Norman Traverse (1st time) 1996 - 199. David E. Traverse (2nd time) c.1997 Norman Traverse (2nd time) bf.2000 - af.2002 Jeremiah Marsden bf.2004 - 2006 Peter G. Ross 2006 - 2010 Tony Marsden 2010 - 2022 Adrian E. Sinclair 2022 - 2024 Christopher Traverse 2024 - Brad Beardy

Little Grand Rapids

1930 Separated from Berens River, under the Treaty No. 5 (Little Grand Rapids). Chiefs 1930 - 19.. .... c.1982 John J. Leveque bf.1987 - af.1989 Emil Keeper bf.1990 - af.1992 Oliver Owens (1st time) bf.1993 - 1995 Roy Dunsford (1st time) 1995 - 1997 Oliver Owens (2nd time) 1997 - 2001 Roy Dunsford (2nd time) 2001 - af.2005 Raymond E. Keeper (1st time) bf.2007 - 2011 Martin Owens (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Roy Dunsford (3rd time) 2013 - 2015 Martin Owens (2nd time) 2015- 2017 Roy Dunsford (4th time) 2017 - 2021 Raymond E. Keeper (2nd time) 2021 - 2023 Oliver Owens (3rd time) 2023 - Clinton Keeper

Little Saskatchewan

1878 Separated from Pinaymootang, under the Treaty No. 2 (Little Saskatchewan). Chiefs 1878 - 18.. William A. Anderson 1891 - af.1899 Philip Anderson bf.1982 - af.1987 Clifford Shorting bf.1988 - af.1990 Dennis Shorting bf.1991 - 2011 Hector Shorting (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Gerald Anderson 2013 - Hector Shorting (2nd time)

Long Plain1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Portage). 1876 Renamed Long Plain. 1877 - 1968 Portage La Prairie Indian Agency established. Chiefs1871 - 1875 Osawaskokwanepi"Yellow Quill"(b. 18.. - d. 1910)1876 - 1916 Keeshkeemaquah "Short Bear" (b. 1859 - d. 1916) 1916 – 1924 Charles Assiniboine 1924 - 1936 Frank H. Merrick 1936 - 1943 Joseph Myran (b. 1868 – d. 1946) 1943 - 1948 Joseph Yellowquill 1948 - 1953 George Daniels (1st time) 1953 - 1955 Ben Meeches (1st time) 1955 George Daniels (2nd time) 1955 - 1959 Ben Meeches (2nd time) 1959 - 1961 Rufus Prince 1961 - 1963 George Daniels (3rd time) 1963 - 1965 George Myran 1965 - 1967 Louis Daniels 1967 - 1973 William Myran 1973 - 1974 Marlene Peters (f) (b. 1953 - d. 2011) 1974 - 1976 Raymond Meeches 1975 - 1976 Angus Merrick 1976 - 1978 Sam Myran 1978 - 1984 Ernest Daniels 1984 - 1986 Stan Myran 1986 - 1990 John Meeches 1990 - 1996 Peter Yellowquill 1996 – 1998 Marvin Daniels 1998 - 2009 Dennis Meeches (1st time) 2009 - 2013 David Meeches (1st time) 2013 - 2022 Dennis Meeches (2nd time) 2022 - 2024 Kyra Wilson (f) 2024 - David Meeches (2nd time)

Manto Sipi Cree Nation (God's River)

1976 Separated from God's Lake, under the Treaty No. 5 (God's River). 2001 Renamed Manto Sipi Cree Nation. Chiefs 1976 - 19.. .... c.1981 Percy Okimow bf.1982 - af.1990 Moses Okimow (1st time) c.1991 Marcel Okemaw (1st time) bf.1992 - 1996 John R. Yellowback 1996 - 199. Marcel Okemaw (2nd time) c.1997 Marcel R. Yellowback (1st time) bf.2001 - 2003 Roger Ross (1st time) 2003 - 2005 Moses Okimow (2nd time) 2005 - 2008 Roger Ross (2nd time) 2008 - 2010 Oliver Okemow (1st time) 2010 - 2016 Michael R. Yellowback (2nd time) 2016 - 2020 Oliver Okemaw (2nd time) 2020 - 2022 John Ross 2022 - Michael R. Yellowback (3rd time)

Marcel Colomb

1995 Separated from Mathias Colomb, under the Treaty No. 6 (Marcel Colomb). Chiefs 1995 - 1998 John Colomb 1998 - 2004 Andrew H. Colomb (1st time) 2004 - 2007 Douglas Hart (1st time) 2007 - 2015 Andrew H. Colomb (2nd time) 2015 - 2016 Douglas Hart (2nd time) 2016 - 2019 Priscilla Colomb (f)2019 - 2024 Christopher Colomb 2024 Douglas Hart (3rd time) 2024 - Delhia Hart (f)

Mathias Colomb

1910 Separated from Peter Ballantyne, under the Treaty No. 6 (Mathias Colomb). Chiefs1910 - 1932 Mathias Colomb (d. 1932) 1932 Jerome Colomb 1932 - 1933 Jacob Ballantyne 1933 - 1959 Solomon Colomb 1959 - 1961 Isaac Linklater 1961 - 1964 Joe Bighetty 1964 - 1967 Cornelius Ballantyne 1967 - 1970 Luke Dumas 1970 - 1971 Dominique Hart 1971 - 1974 Gabriel Bighetty 1974 - 1978 Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty (b. 1951) (1st time) 1978 - 1979 Mathias Sinclair 1979 - 1982 Hyacinth Colomb 1982 - 1986 Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty (s.a.) (2nd time) 1986 - 1988 Frank Dumas 1988 - 1992 Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty (s.a.) (3rd time) 1992 - 1996 Ralph Caribou 1996 - 1998 Joseph E. "Pascal" Bighetty (s.a.) (4th time) 1998 - 2008 Shirley Castell (f) 2008 - 2018 Arlen Dumas 2018 - 2022 Lorna Bighetty (f) 2022 - Gordon Bear

Misipawistik Cree Nation (Grand Rapids)

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Grand Rapids). 2013 Renamed Misipawistik Cree Nation. Chiefs 1876 - 1897 Peter Beardy 1897 - af.1899 John Turner c.1982 Esau Turner (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1988 Patsy Turner (f) bf.1989 - af.1990 Esau Turner (2nd time) bf.1991 - af.1997 Harold Turner (1st time) bf.1999 - 2001 Douglas Ballantyne 2001 - af.2003 Harold Turner (2nd time) 2005 - 2011 Ovide Mercredi (b. 1946) 2011 - 2020 Harold Turner (3rd time) 2020 - Heidi Cook (f)

Mosakahiken Cree Nation1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1876 (Moose Lake). 1996/97 Renamed Mosakahiken Cree Nation. Chiefs 1876 - af.1899 Otinekimow c.1982 Russel G. Tobacco c.1987 Ralph Nasekabow bf.1988 - af.1991 Jim Tobacco (1st time) bf.1992 - 1996 Philip Buck (1st time) 1996 - 199. Jim Tobacco (2nd time) bf.1997 - af.2002 Philip Buck (2nd time) bf.2004 - 2006 Jerry R. Campbell 2006 - 2008 Philip Buck (3rd time) 2008 - 2010 Jim Tobacco (3rd time) 2010 - 2014 Philip Buck (4th time) 2014 - 2020 Jim Tobacco (4th time) 2020 - Vincent Bercier

Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation

1908 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Nelson House). 1948 - 1966 Nelson River Indian Agency established. 2002 Renamed Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation. Chiefs 1908 - 1916 Peter Moose 1916 - 1926 Joseph Hartie 1926 - 1932 Albert Moose 1932 - 1935 Matthew Wood 1935 - 1938 Richard Hartie (1st time) 1938 - 1944 Angus Bonner 1944 - 1946 Richard Muswagon 1946 - 1947 Gilbert McDonald (1st time) 1947 - 1948 Miles Hart 1948 - 1953 Richard Hartie (2nd time) 1953 - 1957 Kenneth Spence (1st time) 1957 - 1958 Thomas Linklater (1st time) 1958 - 1961 Kenneth Spence (2nd time) 1961 - 1963 Gilbert McDonald (2nd time) 1963 - 1965 Lawrence Spence 1965 - 1968 Thomas Linklater (2nd time) 1968 - 1970 Kenneth Spence (3rd time) 1970 - 1972 Nelson Linklater (1st time) 1972 - 1974 Patrick R. Spence (1st time) 1974 - 1976 Peter H. Spence 1976 - 1978 Nelson Linklater (2nd time) 1978 - 1990 Patrick R. Spence (2nd time) 1990 - 1994 Norman Linklater 1994 - 2006 Jerry S. Primrose (1st time) 2006 - 2010 Jim Moore 2010 - 2014 Jerry S. Primrose (2nd time) 2014 - 2022 Marcel Moody 2022 - Angela Levasseur (f)

Northlands Denesuline

1980 Separated from Barren Lands, under the Treaty No. 10 (Northlands). 2002 Renamed Northlands Denesuline. Chiefs bf.1981 - af.1991 Jerome Denechezhe (1st time) c.1992 Simon Samuel bf.1993 - af.1995 David Dantouze bf.1997 - 1999 Jerome Denechezhe (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 John Dantouze 2001 - 2005 Joe Hyslop 2005 - 2011 Joseph Dantouze 2011 - 2013 Joe Antsanen (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Leo Dettanikkeaze 2015 - 2017 Council 2017 - 2019 Joe Antsanen (2nd time) 2019 - Simon Denechezhe

Norway House Cree Nation

1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Norway House), confirmed in 1908. 1877 – 1972 Norway House Indian Agency established (1884-1904 closed). 2001 Renamed Norway House Cree Nation.

Chiefs1875 - 1877 David Rundle (d. 1904) 1877 - 1898 Thomas Balfour (d. 1898) 1899 - 1907 Albert Sinclair (d. 1907) c.1908 Sandy Sanders Nov 1971 - 1975 Jean Folster (f) (b. 1922 - d. 1994) 1975 - af.1976 Ken Albert bf.1980 - af.1983 Maggie Balfour (f) bf.1984 - af.1985 Walter Apetagon 1986 - 1996 Alan James Ross 1996 - Aug 2005 Ronald Evans (1st time) (b. 1958) Aug 2005 - 16 Mar 2006 Fred Muskego (acting) 16 Mar 2006 - 2008 Marcel Balfour Aug 2008 - 2010 Ronald Evans (2nd time) (s.a.) 30 Mar 2010 - 17 Mar 2011 Eric Apetagon 2011 - 2018 Ronald Evans (3rd time) (s.a.) 2018 - Larson Anderson

O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi

1879 Separated from Ebb and Flow, under the Treaty No. 2 (Crane River). 1996/97 Renamed O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi. Chiefs (to af.1914, Headmen) 1879 - 1898 Ahyahpeetahpeetung 1898 - af.1899 Ahyangekeesigowenin c.1982 Terry McDonald bf.1987 - af.1998 John H. McDonald bf.2000 - 2008 Wallace Moar 2008 - 2010 Delbert McKay 2010 - 2012 Hazel Moar (f) 2012 - 2016 Eugene Eastman (1st time) 2016 - 2018 Stephanie Blackbird (f) 2018 - 2021 Eugene Eastman (2nd time) 2021 - Kerwin Chaboyer

O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation

2005 Separated from Nisichawayasihk, under the Treaty No. 5 (O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation). Chiefs 2005 - 2011 Chris Baker (1st time) 2011 - 2014 Jack Dysart 2014 - 2018 Chris Baker (2nd time) 2018 - Shirley Ducharme (f)

Opaskwayak Cree Nation

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (The Pas). 1884 – 1966 The Pas Indian Agency established. 1995 Renamed Opaskwayak Cree Nation. 2002 Casino opened. Chiefs 1876 - 1885 John Constant (d. af.1890) 1885 - 1924 Antoine Constant 1924 - 1939 Patrick Constant 1939 - 1945 Louis McGillivary 1945 - 1965 Cornelius Bignell 1965 - 1967 John Young 1967 - 1975 Gordon W. Lathlin (b. 1933 – d. 1976) 1975 - 1985 Charles G. Constant (1st time) 1985 - 1989 Oscar Lathlin (b. 1947 – d. 2008) 1989 - 1991 Charles G. Constant (2nd time) 1991 - 1997 Francis Flett (1st time) (b. 1949 – d. 2006) 1997 - 1999 William G. Lathlin 1999 - 2005 Frank J. Whitehead 2005 - 2006 Francis Flett (2nd time) (s.a.) 2006 - 2009 Norman G. Ross 2009 - 2016 Michael L. Constant 2016 - 2021 Christian Sinclair 2021 - 2023 Sidney Ballantyne 2023 - Maureen Brown (f)

Pauingassi1991 Separated from Little Grand Rapids, under the Treaty No. 5 (Pauingassi). Chiefs bf.1992 - af.1995 Joe Owens c.1997 Allister Crow c.2001 Roderick Pascal bf.2002 - af.2004 Moses Owens bf.2005 - 2014 Harold Crow 2014 - 2020 Michael Owens 2020 - Roddy Owens

Peguis


Adopted 1990's

1817 Treaty of alliance with the British by the Red River Saulteaux (Ojibwa).1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (St. Peter's).1876 - 1968 Clandeboye (from 1911, Fisher River) Indian Agency established.1909 Renamed Peguis.

Head chiefs of Red River Saulteauxc.1810 - 1864 Peehquaais "Little Chip" (b. 1774 - d. 1864) (from 1838, William King) 1864 - 1871 Henry Prince (b. 1819 – d. 1899) (Miskokenew "Red Eagle")Chiefs1871 - 1882 Henry Prince (1st time) (s.a.)1882 - 1888 William Prince1888 - 1891 Henry Prince (2nd time) (s.a.)1891 - 1897 William Asham (b. 1853 – d. af.1932)1897 - 1899 Henry Prince (3rd time) (s.a.)1899 - 1903 William H. Prince (1st time) (b. 1848 – d. 19..)1903 - 1905 John H. Prince (b. 1858 – d. 1910)1905 - 1911 William H. Prince (2nd time) (s.a.)1911 - 1917 Albert Rose1917 - 1923 William Pahkoo1923 - 1926 Thomas John Stevenson1926 - 1929 Fred Thomas1929 - 1932 Alex Greyeyes1932 - 1935 Robert Sinclair1935 - 1941 Nathaniel Asham (1st time)1941 - 1944 Albert Edward Prince1944 - 1947 Alex Williams (d. 1947)1947 - 1953 Nathaniel Asham (2nd time)1953 - 1955 Alex Sinclair1955 - 1961 Campbell Sutherland1961 - 1973 Albert Edward Thompson (b. 1900 - d. 1973)1973 - 1981 Jack Sinclair1981 - 2007 Louis John Stevenson (b. 1950 - d. 2014)2007 - 2015 Glenn A. Hudson (1st time)2015 - 2017 Cindy Spence (f)2017 - 2023 Glenn A. Hudson (2nd time) 2023 - Stanley Bird

Pinaymootang

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 2 (Fairford). 1997/2001 Renamed Pinaymootang. Chiefs 1871 - af.1899 Richard Woodhouse bf.1982 - af.1989 Edward Anderson (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1991 Andrew Anderson (1st time) bf.1992 - 1995 Edward Anderson (2nd time) 1995 - af.1997 Andrew Anderson (2nd time) bf.2001 - 2015 Garnet Woodhouse (1st time) 2015 - 2017 Barry Anderson 2017 - 2021 Garnet Woodhouse (2nd time) 2021 - Kurvis Anderson

Minegoziibe Anishinabe (Pince Creek)

1880 Separated from Keeseekoose, under the Treaty No. 4 (Duck Bay). 1887 Renamed Pine Creek. 2024 Renamed Minegoziibe Anishinabe. Chiefs (to 1914, Headmen)1880 - 1881 Jean-Baptiste Napakisit (Quenezane)(1st time) 1881 - 1886 Joseph Beauchamp 1887 - 1919 Jean-Baptiste Napakisit (2nd time) 1920 - 1944 Joe Gambler (d. 1944) 1944 - 1956 Theodore Flatfoot (acting to 1946) 1956 - 1960 Jerome Nepinak 1960 - 1968 Arsene Contois 1968 - 1970 Robert Contois 1970 - 1976 Daniel Nepinak (d. 1976) 1976 - 1982 Norbert Abigosis 1982 - 1984 Clifford McKay (1st time) 1984 - 1986 Hank Blackbird 1986 - 1994 Clifford McKay (2nd time) 1994 - 1996 Thomas J. Nepinak 1996 - 2004 Clifford McKay (3rd time) 2004 - 2008 Billyjo DeLaRonde 2008 - 2011 Derek Nepinak (1st time) 2011 - 2017 Charlie W. Boucher (acting to 2013) 2017 - 2021 Karen Batson (f) 2021 - Derek Nepinak (2nd time)

Poplar River

1875 Signed the Treaty No. 5 (Poplar River). Chiefs 1875 - 1923 Jacob Nanowin (headman) (d. 1923) c.1926 Miles Michel c.1933 Cuthbert Nanowin c.1953 Alex Hudson (1st time) 1956 - 1958 Gordon Bittern (1st time) 1958 - 1960 Jacob Bruce 1960 - 1962 Alex Hudson (2nd time) 1962 - 1968 Gordon Bittern (2nd time) 1968 - 1971 Alex H. Hudson (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2010) 1971 - 1972 Philip Bruce 1972 - 1974 Gordon Bittern (3rd time) 1974 - 1975 George Boyd 1975 - 1976 Jacob Green 1976 - 1977 Norman W. Bruce 1977 - 1982 Albert Bittern 1982 - 1988 Alex H. Hudson (2nd time) (s.a.) 1988 - 1992 Vera Mitchell (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Alex H. Hudson (3rd time) (s.a.) 1994 - 1998 Russell Lambert (1st time) 1998 - 2002 Vera Mitchell (f) (2nd time) 2002 - 2010 Russell Lambert (2nd time) 2010 - 2011 Clifford W. Bruce 2011 - 2012 Guy Douglas 2012 - 2013 Russell Lambert (3rd time) 2013 - 2014 Vera Mitchell (f) (3rd time) 2014 - 2016 Russell Lambert (4th time) 2016 - 2024 Vera Mitchell (f) (4th time) 2024 - Tanya Bittern (f)

Red Sucker Lake


Former Flag


Current Flag

1969 Separated from Garden Hill, under the Treaty No. 5 (Red Sucker Lake). Chiefs 1969 - 1978 .... 1978 - 1982 Elijah Harper (b. 1949 – d. 2013) bf.1987 - af.1988 Leonard McDougall bf.1989 - af.1990 Joshua Harper c.1991 John H. Harper (1st time) bf.1992 - 1995 Fred Harper (1st time) 1995 - af.1997 John H. Harper (2nd time) bf.1999 - 2001 Wesley Harper 2001 - 2003 Goliath Harper 2003 - 2005 Fred Harper (2nd time) 2005 - 2007 Eli Harper 2007 - 2013 Larry Knott 2013 - 2014 Leslie Harper 2014 - 2017 Greg Harper 2017 - Samuel Knott

Rolling River

1882 Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4 (Rolling River). Chief 1882 - 189. Shawanequanape "South Quill" (headman) bf.1897 - af.1899 Vacant af.1982 - af.1998 Dennis Whitebird bf.2000 - af.2006 Morris Swan-Shannacappo (1st time) 2007 - 2012 Wilfred C. McKay (1st time) 2012 - 2016 Morris Swan-Shannacappo (2nd time) 2016 - 2020 Michael McKay 2020 - Wilfred C. McKay (2nd time)

Roseau River Anishinabe

1871 Signed the Treaty No. 1 (Pembina). 1875 Renamed Roseau River. 2002 Renamed Roseau River Anishinabe. Chiefs 1871 - 1885 Kawetayash "Flying Round" 1886 - 1892 Ahneoom 1892 - 1914 Antoine 1915 - 1930 Nashwasoop 1931 - 1937 Tom Henry 1937 - 1953 Vacant 1953 - 1955 John James (1st time) 1955 - 1957 John Jim 1957 - 1959 Albert Henry (1st time) 1959 - 1965 John James (2nd time) 1965 - 1967 Albert Henry (2nd time) 1967 - 1969 John James (3rd time) 1969 - 1971 Clarence Henry 1971 - 1973 Scotty Meeshenow 1973 - 1975 Oliver Nelson 1975 - 1977 Felix Antoine (1st time) 1977 - 1979 Stanley Nelson 1979 - 1983 Felix Antoine (2nd time) 1983 – 1989 Carl Roberts 1989 - 1991 Vincent Pierre 1991 - 1995 Lawrence Henry 1995 - 1999 Felix Antoine (3rd time) 1999 - 2001 Edward Hayden 2001 - 2003 Felix Antoine (4th time) 2003 - 2011 Terrance Nelson 2011 - 2015 Ken Henry 2015 - 2017 Alfred Hayden 2017 - 2023 Craig Alexander 2023 - Gary Roberts

St. Theresa Point

1969 Separated from Garden Hill, under the Treaty No. 5 (St. Theresa Point). Chiefs 1969 - 19.. .... bf.1982 - af.1987 Joe G. Wood (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Ken Wood (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1992 Jack Flett (1st time) 199. - 1994 Joe G. Wood (2nd time) 1994 - 1996 Jack Flett (2nd time) 1996 - af.1998 Ken Wood (2nd time) bf.1999 - 2001 Reggie Mason 2001 - 2003 David McDougall (1st time) 2003 - 2005 Jack Wood 2005 - 2007 David McDougall (2nd time) 2007 - 2008 Robert Flett 2008 - 2012 David McDougall (3rd time) 2012 - 2014 Eugene Wood 2014 - 2019 David McDougall (4th time) 2019 - 2021 Marie A. Wood (f) 2021 - 2023 Elvin Flett 2023 - Raymond Flett

Sandy Bay

1876 Separated from Long Plain, under the Treaty No. 1 (Sandy Bay). Chiefs 1876 - 1883 Nanawachewacapow "Big Sweetgrass" (d. 1883) 1884 - 1886 Francois Desmarais 1886 - 1893 Vacant 1893 - 1913 Antoine Mousseau 1914 - 1931 Michael Levasseur 1931 - 1936 Louis Prince 1936 - 1939 Vacant 1939 - 1951 George Sutherland (1st time) 1951 - 1952 Harold Mousseau 1952 - 1956 Adelarde Houle 1956 - 1965 John Beaulieu 1965 - 1969 George Sutherland (2nd time) 1969 - 1978 Howard Starr 1978 - 1984 Angus Starr (1st time) 1984 - 1986 Raymond Beaulieu 1986 - 1990 Harry Desjarlais 1990 - 1994 Angus Starr (2nd time) 1994 - 1996 James Spence 1996 - 1998 Dennis Roulette 1998 - 2003 John P. Spence (1st time) 2003 - 2006 Irvin McIvor (1st time) 2006 – 2008 John P. Spence (2nd time) 2008 – 2010 Russell J. Beaulieu (1st time) 2010 – 2012 Irvin McIvor (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Russell J. Beaulieu (2nd time) 2014 - 2020 Lance O. Roulette 2020 - Trevor Prince

Sapotaweyak Cree Nation

1912 Separated from The Key, under the Treaty No. 4 (Shoal River). 1996/97 Renamed Sapotaweyak Cree Nation. Chiefs (to af.1914, Headmen) 1912 - 19.. .... c.1982 William J. Audy bf.1987 - af.1988 Stanley N. Gott bf.1989 - 1992 Ronald Cook (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Hubert Kematch (1st time) 1994 - 1996 Ronald Cook (2nd time) 1996 - af.1998 Hubert Kematch (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2010 Alphaeus G. Brass 2010 - Nelson M. Genaille

Sayisi Dene

1910 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Fort Churchill). 1996/97 Renamed Sayisi Dene. Chiefs 1910 - 19.. John French 1945 - 1960 Artie Cheekie bf.1963 - af.1966 John Clipping c.1970 Simon Duck 1975 - af.1982 Peter Yassie bf.1987 - 1988 Isaac Tom 1988 - 1990 Ila Bussidor (f) (1st time) c.1991 Peter Thorassie (1st time) c.1992 Steven Thorassie bf.1994 - 1996 Ernie Bussidor (1st time) 1996 - 199. Peter Thorassie (2nd time) c.1997 Gladys Powderhorn (f) 199. - 1999 Geoff Bussidor 1999 - 2002 Ila Bussidor (f) (2nd time) 2002 - 2004 Evan Yassie (1st time) 2004 - 2006 Charles Tom 2006 - 2008 Bernice Thorassie (f) 2008 - 2010 Ernie Bussidor (2nd time) 2010 - 2013 Jimmy Thorassie 2013 - 2016 Peter Thorassie, Jr. 2016 - 2019 Tony Powderhorn 2019 - 2022 Evan Yassie (2nd time) 2022 - Jason Bussidor

Shamattawa

1947 Separated from York Factory, under the Treaty No. 5 (Shamattawa). Chiefs 1947 - 19.. .... c.1982 Sam Miles (1st time) c.1987 Judah Miles bf.1988 - af.1990 Sam Miles (2nd time) c.1991 Tommy McKay (1st time) 199. - 1992 Kenneth L. Beardy 1992 - 199. William L. Miles (1st time) c.1996 Tommy McKay (2nd time) c.1997 Margaret Koostachin (f) bf.2000 - af.2001 Roy Miles c.2002 William L. Miles (2nd time) bf.2005 - 2018 Jeffrey Napoakesik 2018 - 2022 Eric Redhead 2022 - Jordna Hill

Sioux Valley Dakota Nation

1863 Arrived from the U.S. 1875 Oak River Sioux Reserve set aside (no treaty). 1972 Renamed Sioux Valley. 2002 Renamed Sioux Valley Dakota Nation. 2014 Self-government agreement. Chiefs1863 - 1886 Wambdi Ska "White Eagle" (d. 1886) 1886 - 1890 James McKay (Taninyahdinazin) (d. 1890) 1890 - 1893 Vacant 1893 - af.1904 Tunkan Cekiyana (1st time) 19.. - 1913 James Antoine (d. 1917) 1913 - 19.. Tunkan Cekiyana (2nd time) 1921 - 19.. Matthew Pratt 1952 - 1954 Archie Pratt 1954 - 1958 Eli Taylor 1958 - 1960 Edward Mazawasicuna 1960 - 1964 John Sioux (1st time) 1964 - 1966 Jim Blacksmith 1966 - af.1968 John Sioux (2nd time) c.1970 Peter Whitecloud 197. - 1972 Vernon Mazawasicuna 1972 - 1974 Michael Hotain 1974 - 1976 Frank McKay 1976 - 197. Walter Noel 197. - 1978 Russell Merrick 1978 - 197. John Sioux (3rd time) 197. - 1980 Waldron Essie 1980 - 1982 Robert Wasicuna 1982 - 1986 M. Allan Pratt 1986 - 1994 Robert Bone 1994 - 1996 Ronald Hall 1996 - 1998 Ivan Ironman 1998 - 2002 Kenneth Whitecloud (1st time) 2002 - 2004 Katherine Whitecloud (f) 2004 - 2006 Vincent Tacan (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Kenneth Whitecloud (2nd time) 2008 - 2010 Donna Elk (f) 2010 - 2018 Vincent Tacan (2nd time)2018 - 2023 Jennifer Bone (f) 2023 - Vincent Tacan (3rd time)

Skownan

1873 Separated from Ebb and Flow, under the Treaty No. 2 (Waterhen). 1997/2001 Renamed Skownan. Chiefs1873 – 1885 Antoine (Katahkahwaynaas) (d. 1885) 1885 – 1922 Baptiste Nepinak 1922 – 1950 Hermus Nepinak 1951 – 1955 Alex Catcheway (1st time) 1955 – 1959 Moise Catcheway (2nd time) 1959 – 1961 Alex Catcheway (1st time) 1961 – 1963 Joe Catcheway 1963 – 1965 Carl Gabriel 1965 – 1967 Alphonse Catcheway 1967 – 1969 Moise Catcheway (2nd time) 1969 – 1971 Donald Catcheway 1971 – 1979 Moise Catcheway (3rd time) 1979 – 1983 Harvey Nepinak (1st time) 1983 – 1987 Larry Catagas 1987 – 1999 Harvey Nepinak (2nd time) 1999 – 2003 Bernard Catcheway 2003 – 2005 Robert Lavallee 2005 – 2011 Harvey Nepinak (3rd time) 2011 - 2024 Cameron Catcheway2024 - Ernest Catcheway

Swan Lake

1876 Separated from Long Plain, under the Treaty No. 1 (Swan Lake). 2014 Casino opened. Chiefs1876 - 1910 Osawaskokwanepi "Yellow Quill"(b. 18.. - d. 1910) 1911 - 1917 Mohquayweetung 1917 - 1924 Meshakaypenais 1924 - 1934 Campbell Matoos 1934 - 1936 Walter Scott 1936 - 1944 Vacant 1944 - 1953 George Gordon 1953 - 1960 Sam Cameron (1st time) 1960 - 1963 Clarence Cameron 1963 - 1965 Sam Cameron (2nd time) 1965 - 1967 John Cameron 1967 - 1968 Sam Cameron (3rd time) 1968 - 1974 Richard Cameron 1974 - 1984 Roy McKinney (1st time) 1984 - 1986 Lloyd Cameron (1st time) 1986 – af.1991 Roy McKinney (2nd time) c.1992 Lloyd Cameron (2nd time) bf.1994 - 2000 Roy McKinney (3rd time) 2000 - 2004 Larry Soldier 2004 - 2007 Robert Daniels 2007 - 2021 Francine Meeches (f)2021 - Jason Daniels

Tataskweyak Cree Nation

1908 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Split Lake). 2001 Renamed Tataskweyak Cree Nation. Chiefs 1908 - 1936 William Kechekesik (d. 1936) 1937 - 1951 Sam Cook (d. 1951) 1951 - 1953 Daniel Kirkness 1953 - 1959 Alfred Spence (1st time) 1959 - 1960 Jacob Spence 1960 - 1961 William Garson 1962 - 1963 Alfred Spence (2nd time) 1963 - 1965 Adam Mayham (1st time) 1965 - 1967 Dan Flett 1967 - 1969 Adam Mayham (2nd time) 1969 - 1972 Daniel Kirkness (1st time) 1972 - 1973 Bill Spence 1973 - 1975 John Wavey 1975 - 1977 Kenneth Wastasecoot (1st time) 1977 - 1979 Michael P. Garson 1979 - 1982 Kenneth Wastasecoot (2nd time) 1982 - 1983 Daniel Kirkness (2nd time) 1983 - 1987 Norman Flett (1st time) 1987 - 1989 Larry Beardy 1989 - 1994 Norman Flett (2nd time) 1994 - 1995 John Garson 1995 - 1997 Norman Flett (3rd time) 1997 - af.1999 Emile Garson (1st time) bf.2000 - 2002 Duke N. Beardy (1st time) 2002 - 2006 Norman Flett (4th time) 2006 - 2008 Emile Garson (2nd time) 2008 - 2012 Duke N. Beardy (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Michael D. Garson 2014 - 2016 Duke N. Beardy (3rd time) 2016 - 2022 Doreen Spence (f) (1st time) 2022 - 2024 Taralee Beardy (f) 2024 - Doreen Spence (f) (2nd time)

Tootinaowaziibeeng

1894 Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4 (Valley River). 1996/97 Renamed Tootinaowaziibeeng. Chiefs 1894 - af.1899 John Rattlesnake bf.1982 - af.1989 Clifford Lynxleg c.1990 Lynne J. Lynxleg (f) bf.1991 - 1996 Melvin Lynxleg 1996 - af.1998 Gordon R. McKay bf.2000 - 2006 Barry S. McKay (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Mervin Lynx 2008 - 2010 Lloyd McKay 2010 - 2012 Dennis Cameron (1st time) 2012 - 2014 Barry S. McKay (2nd time) 2014 - 2016 Dennis Cameron (2nd time) 2016 - Barry S. McKay (3rd time)

War Lake

1982 Separated from Tataskweyak, under the Treaty No. 5 (War Lake). Chiefs 1982 - af.1985 Adam Dick bf.1987 - 1988 Charlie Spence 1988 - 2003 Alex A. Ouskan 2003 - 2006 Rusty Beardy 2006 - Betsy Kennedy (f)

Wasagamack

1969 Separated from Garden Hill, under the Treaty No. 5 (Wasagamack). Chiefs 1969 - 19.. .... c.1982 John J. Harper (d. 1988) c.1987 Elijah Knott (1st time) c.1988 Victor Harper c.1989 Elijah Knott (2nd time) c.1990 John A. Mason c.1991 Elijah Knott (3rd time) bf.1992 - 1995 Alfred McDougall 1995 - 1997 Elijah Knott (4th time) 1997 - 2001 Jerry Knott (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Percy Harper 2003 - 2005 Cornelius Wood 2005 - 2007 Ronald Harper 2007 - 2011 Jerry Knott (2nd time) 2011 - 2015 Alex J. McDougall (1st time) 2015 - 2017 Sharon Mason (f) 2017 - 2018 Alex J. McDougall (2nd time) 2018 Alfred Harper 2018 - 2021 Gary Knott 2021 - 2022 Bobby Knott 2022 - Walter Haper

Waywayseecappo

1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Waywayseecappo). Chiefs 1874 - 1884 Waywayseecappo 1884 - 1886 Tom Shapwaynatung 1886 - af.1899 Astakeesie c.1982 Leslie Longclaws bf.1987 - af.1988 Robert Shingoose c.1989 Leonard Wabash c.1990 Walter Mentuck bf.1991 - af.1997 Murray Clearsky (1st time) bf.2001 - af.2003 Wallace Clearsky bf.2005 - 2013 Murray Clearsky (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Melville Wabash 2015 - Murray Clearsky (3rd time)

Wuskwi Sipihk

1982 Separated from Sapotaweyak, under the Treaty No. 4 (Indian Birch). 1994/97 Renamed Wuskwi Sipihk. Chiefs 1982 - 198. .... bf.1987 - af.1988 Roland G. Brass bf.1989 - 1992 Charles Audy 1992 - af.1994 Marion Gosselin (f) bf.1996 - 2002 Brian Brass 2002 - 2004 Darren Audy 2004 - 2008 Derek A. Audy (1st time) 2008 - 2010 Michael J. Flett 2010 - 2012 Derek A. Audy (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Albina Brass (f) 2014 - Elwood Zastre

York Factory

1910 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (York Factory). 1911 – 1938 Hudson Bay (from 1920, Fort Churchill) Indian Agency established. Chiefs 1910 - af.1915 Charles Wastasekoot c.1975 Reg Panash c.1982 Samuel Saunders bf.1987 - af.1997 Eric Saunders bf.2000 - af.2002 Roy Redhead bf.2004 - 2006 Roy Beardy 2006 - 2008 Ted C. Bland (1st time) 2008 - 2010 Johnny Saunders 2010 - 2014 Louisa Constant (f) 2014 - 2018 Ted C. Bland (2nd time) 2018 - 2022 Leroy Constant 2022 - 2024 David Wastesicoot 2024 - Darryl Wastesicoot

New BrunswickNote: The relations between the Micmac and Maliseet and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of the Micmac, see Eskasoni in Nova Scotia; the same for Maliseet, see Kingsclear. All reserves in New Brunswick were considered a single Indian band by Canada until 1892.

Buctouche MicMac18th cent. Known as Shediac. 1810 Buctouche reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2018 Renamed Buctouche MicMac. Chiefs c.1726 Jerome Atonash c.1761 Claude Atonash bf.1832 - af.1841 Noel John bf.1897 - af.1934 Vacant c.1970 Angus Sappier bf.1982 - af.1988 Agnes Sanipass (f) bf.1989 - af.1997 William Sanipass bf.2002 - 2006 Garry Sanipass 2006 - 2021 Ann M. Simon (f) (from 2015, Ann M. Steele) 2021 - Brenton Leblanc

Natoaganeg (Eel Ground)

Adopted c.1985

1783 Miramichi reserve set aside. 1789 Replaced by Eel Ground reserve (gave name to band). 1872 - 1971 Northeastern (from 1949, Miramichi) Indian Agency established. 2022 Renamed Natoaganeg. Chiefsc.1761 Joseph Sabecholuet c.1764 Louis Francis 1779 - 1805 John Julian (d. 1805) 1805 - 1807 Vacant 1807 - 1836 Andrew Julian 1836 - 1841 Barnaby Julian (d. 1854) 1841 - 1868 Nicholas Julian (d. 1868) 1868 - 1888 John N. Julian (b. 1814 – d. 1888) 1888 - 1894 Thomas Barnaby (b. 1841 – d. 1907) 1894 - 1903 Peter N. Julian (1st time) (b. 1852 – d. 1938) 1903 - 1906 Peter Ginnish 1906 - 1909 Peter N. Julian (2nd time) (s.a.) 1910 - 1921 Peter Tenass 1922 - 1926 Daniel Paul (1st time) 1926 - 1932 .... 1932 - 1935 Peter J. McKay 1935 - 1947 Daniel Paul (2nd time) 1948 - 1951 Gilbert Patles 1951 - 1955 Daniel Paul (3rd time) 1955 - 1956 Moses Paul (1st time) 1956 - 1958 Daniel Paul (4th time) 1958 - 1964 Moses Paul (2nd time) 1964 - 1966 William Barnaby 1966 - 1968 Howard McKay 1968 - 1969 Joe Larry 1969 Wilson Simonson 1969 - 1972 Richard M. Ginnish 1972 - 1978 Michael Martin 1978 - 1980 Alex W. Ward 1980 - 1996 Roger J. Augustine 1996 - George H. Ginnish

Eel River Bar1807 Eel River reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1992/1997 Renamed Eel River Bar. Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1899 Vacant bf.1962 - 1970 Alfred Narvie 1970 - 197. Margaret Labillois (f) (b. 1923 - d. 2013) 1977 - 2013 T. Everett Martin (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Mary L. Labillois (f) 2015 - 2019 T. Everett Martin (2nd time)2019 - 2023 Sacha Labillois (f) 2023 - John C. Caplin

Elsipogtog1805 Richibucto reserve set side. c.1870 Known as Big Cove (became name of band). 2004 Renamed Elsipogtog. Chiefs c.1640 - c.1670 Denis c.1726 Pierre Martin bf.1759 - af.1761 Michel Augustine c.1810 Peter Joseph c.1842 Noel A. Athanasse c.1879 Noel Millia bf.1894 - af.1899 Thomas Joseph c.1923 Tom E. Sanipass 1967 - 1993 Albert Levy 1993 - 199. Vincent Simon bf.1996 - 2004 Robert L. Levy 2004 - 2008 Susan Levy-Peters (f) 2008 - 2012 Jesse J. Simon 2012 - Arren J. Sock

Esgenoopetitj18th cent. Known as Pokemouche. 1802 Burnt Church reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2010 Renamed Esgenoopetitj. Chiefs c.1761 Etienne Apshobon c.1841 Noel Briot c.1892 Peter Louis bf.1895 - af.1899 Peter Joseph c.1919 Paul Taylor c.1959 Edmund Francis bf.1966 - af.1970 Frank Paul bf.1982 - af.1992 J. Wilbur Dedam (1st time) c.1997 Burton Nartin bf.2002 - 2012 J. Wilbur Dedam (2nd time) 2012 - Alvery M. Paul

Fort Folly1825 Aboushagan reserve set aside. 1840 Replaced by Fort Folly reserve (gave name to band). Chiefs 1837 - af.1841 Peter Bernard 1874 - 1898 Samuel Thomas (d. 1898) 1899 - 1902 David Bernard 1902 - 19.. Vacant bf.1970 - 1977 William J. Knockwood (b. 1925 – d. 1996) 1977 - 1979 J. Henry Knockwood (b. 1926 – d. 2004) 1979 - 1990 Stephenson Bernard 1990 - 1997 Camille D. Thomas 1997 - 2003 Joseph E. Knockwood (1st time)(b. 1939) 2003 - 2006 Hugh Knockwood (b. 1939) 2006 - 2013 Joseph E. Knockwood (2nd time)(s.a.) 2013 - Rebecca Knockwood (f)

Indian Island1823/1867 Indian Island reserve set aside (gave name to band). Chiefs bf.1897 - 1903 Peter Barlow (d. 1903) 1903 - c.1940 .... c.1940 - af.1982 Peter J. Barlow (b. 1920 – d. 2000) bf.1987 - 2006 W. Paul Barlow 2006 - Kenneth Barlow

Bilijk (Kingsclear)c.1650 Maliseet (Malecite) in alliance with the French. 1725 Ally (later, subject) of the British. 1775 - 1777 Maliseet briefly allied with the U.S. 1779 Aukpaque reserve set aside (lost in 1794). 1814 Kingsclear reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1872 - 1971 Kingsclear (to 1949, Southwestern; from 1958, St. John River) Indian Agency established. 2022 Renamed Bilijk. Chiefs of St. John River c.1713 Pierre c.1726 Joseph Nipimoit c.1763 Louis Lamoureux Grand chiefs of the Maliseet (title: K'ci Sagam)1764 - 1780 Pierre Tomah I (d. 1780) 1781 - 1813 Pierre Tomah II (b. c.1734 – d. af.1827) (also styled as Governor) Chiefs of Kingsclear 1813 - 1844 Francis Tomah I (d. 1844) 1844 - 1889 Francis Tomah II (d. 1889) 1890 - 1893 Noel J. Sappier 1893 - 1896 Andrew Paul (1st time) (d. 1907) 1896 - 1899 John Solomon 1899 - 1907 Andrew Paul (2nd time) (s.a.) 19.. - 1912 Peter Paul c.1928 Arthur J. Polchies 1930 - 1945 William Polchies c.1970 Richard Polchies bf.1982 - af.1992 Stephen Sacobie bf.1997 - af.2002 Robert J. Atwin bf.2008 - 2012 Paul Tomer 2012 - Gabriel J. Atwin

Madawaska Maliseet

Adopted 2011

1842 St. Basile reserve set aside. 1956 Separated from Tobique (Edmundston). 1993/1997 Renamed Madawaska Maliseet. Chiefs 1956 - 1961 Noel Francis 1961 - 1967 Noel Francis, Jr. 1967 - 1969 Harold Bernard 1969 - 1973 John Wallace (1st time) 1973 - 1974 Floyd Bernard (1st time) 1974 - 1977 John Wallace (2nd time) 1977 - 1985 Norman Simon 1985 - 1987 Margaret Bernard (f) 1987 - 1993 J. Richard Wallace 1993 - 1995 Jean G. Simon (1st time) 1995 - 1997 Floyd Bernard (2nd time) 1997 John Wallace (3rd time) 1997 - 1999 Floyd Bernard (3rd time) 1999 - 2003 Jean G. Simon (2nd time) 2003 - 2013 Joanna Bernard (f) 2013 - Patricia Bernard (f)

Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq1783 Red Bank reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2003 Renamed Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation. Chiefs c.1783 - 1830 Francis Julian (d. 1830) 1830 - 1836 Mitchell Julian 1836 - 1854 Barnaby Julian (d. 1854) 1854 - 18.. Francis B. Julian 18.. - 1893 Francis S. Julian (d. 1893) 1893 - 1896 Vacant 1896 - 1905 John P. Tenass (1st time) (b. 1849 – d. 1928) 1905 - 190. Charles Cloud 1908 - 1920 John P. Tenass (2nd time) (s.a.) 1920 - 19.. Mitchell Tenass 1952 - 1954 Joseph M. Augustine (1st time)(b. 1911 - d. 1995) 1954 - 1956 .... 1956 - 1958 Joseph M. Augustine (2nd time)(s.a.) c.1970 Donald Ward bf.1982 - af.1988 Gerald L. Levy bf.1989 - af.1992 Michael Ward bf.1997 - af.2002 Michael Augustine 200. - 2004 Joseph F. Ward (1st time) 2004 - 2010 Noah C. Augustine (b. 1971 - d. 2010) 2010 - 2010 Joseph F. Ward (2nd time) 2014 - William J. Ward

Oromocto1895 Oromocto reserve set aside. 1920 Separated from Saint Mary's (Oromocto). Chiefs 1920 - 19.. .... c.1946 John S. Paul bf.1959 - af.1970 John Sacobie c.1982 Manuel Polchies c.1987 Gorley J. Sark bf.1988 - af.1997 Rupert J. Sacobie bf.2002 - 2013 A. Roger Atwin 2013 - 2015 Joe Sacobie 2015 - Shelly M. Sabattis (f)

Pabineau1841 Pabineau (to c.1916 also known as Bathurst) reserve set aside (gave name to band). Chiefs bf.1897 - af.1899 Alexander Presque c.1970 Hector Prisk c.1982 Gilbert Sewell bf.1987 - af.1992 Paul B. Peter c.1997 Benjamin P. Paul bf.2002 - 2004 John H. Paul 2004 - 2020 David Peter-Paul2020 - Terry Richardson

Saint Mary's


Flag to 2021


Flag from 2021

1867 Saint Mary's reserve set aside. 1902 Separated from Kingsclear (Saint Mary's). Chiefs 1902 - 1905 Anthony Sacobie 1905 - 190. Louis Sacobie 1909 - 1915 Noel J. Sacobie 1915 - 19.. Solomon Brooks 19.. - 1935 Noel Polchies 1935 - 19.. Fred Paul (1st time) c.1946 Solomon Polchies c.1953 Andrew M. Paul c.1960 Roger Paul c.1961 Fred Paul (2nd time) 1964 - 1984 Harold Sappier bf.1987 - af.1991 Richard J. Polchies c.1992 Douglas W. Brooks bf.1997 - af.2002 Arthur E. Bear bf.2008 - 2018 Candice S. Paul (f) 2018 - Allen Polchies

Tobique


Former Flag


Current Flag

1801 Tobique reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1889 - 1958 Tobique (to 1949, Northern) Indian Agency established. Chiefs1862 - 1899 Frank John Francis (b. 1831 – d. 1899) 1899 - 1902 Frank I. Francis 1902 - 190. John Ellis (1st time) c.1904 Frank Lockwood (1st time) c.1905 John Ellis (2nd time) bf.1911 - 1914 Frank Lockwood (2nd time) 1914 - 1917 Frank Francis 1917 - 1920 Frank Lockwood (3rd time) 1920 - 1923 John Solis 1923 - 1926 Solomon Bear 1926 - 1929 Charles Saulis 1929 - 1932 Noel P. Bear 1932 - 1935 Gabriel Perley 1935 - 1942 William Saulis (1st time) 1942 - 1945 Peter J. Bear 1945 - 1953 William Saulis (2nd time) 1953 - 1955 Simon Perley 1955 - 1957 William Saulis (3rd time) 1957 - 1961 Philip Sappier 1961 - 1965 Raymond Tremblay 1965 - 1967 Charles Paul 1967 - 1977 Dennis Nicholas 1977 - 1978 Vaughan Nicholas 1978 - 1983 George Francis 1983 - 1989 David Perley 1989 - 1995 Stewart C. Paul (1st time) 1995 - 1999 Edwin A. Bernard 1999 - 2001 Patrick C. Francis 2001 - 2006 Stewart C. Paul (2nd time) 2006 - 2008 Gerald C. Bear 2008 - 2012 Stewart C. Paul (3rd time) 2012 - 2014 Brenda Perley (f) 2014 - Ross L. Perley

Woodstock1807 Meductic reserve set aside (lost af.1827). 1851 Woodstock reserve set aside. 1913 Separated from Tobique (Woodstock). Chiefs 1913 - 1916 Michael Paul 1916 - 1919 William Polchies 1919 - 1922 Andrew Pelkie 1922 - 1925 Noel Polchies 1925 - 1929 Michael DeVeau 1929 - 1932 Doc Polchies 1932 - 1934 Frank Polchies 1934 - 1937 Noel Moulton 1937 - 1943 Wilfred Sappier 1943 - 1946 Oliver J. Polchies (1st time) 1946 - 1947 Patrick Polchies 1947 - 1967 Oliver J. Polchies (2nd time) 1967 - 1969 Randolph Paul 1969 - 1971 Oliver J. Polchies (3rd time) 1971 - 1973 Louis Paul 1973 - 1975 Oliver J. Polchies (4th time) 1975 - 1985 Winston Paul 1985 - 1997 Paul L. Tomah (1st time) 1997 - 1999 Patrick C. Francis 1999 - 2001 Ken Tomah 2001 - 2011 Jeffrey Tomah 2011 - 2015 Paul L. Tomah (2nd time) 2015 - Timothy P. Paul

Newfoundland and Labrador

Miawpukek

[Miawpukek First Nation
(Newfoundland, Canada)]

1860 Known as Conne River. 1984 Recognized by Canada (Miawpukek). Chiefs (Saqamaw)(from 1924, informal) 21 Jul 1860 - 1880 Maurice Louis (b. 1802 - d. 1880) 1880 - 1900 Joe Bernard (b. 1812 - d. 1900) 1900 - 1 Dec 1918 Reuben Lewis (b. 1852 - d. 1918) 26 Jul 1919 - 1944 Newell Jeddore (b. 1865 - d. 1944) 1945 Andrew Joe (refused office) (b. 1889 - d. 1960) 1945 - 1954 Joe Jeddore (b. 1883 - d. 1956) 1954 - 1971 Peter F. Jeddore (b. 1892 - d. 1971) 1971 - 1973 Vacant Presidents 1973 - 1974 John N. Jeddore (b. 1922) 1974 - 1975 Walter John (b. 1926) Chiefs 1975 - Dec 1982 William Joe (b. 1925 - d. 1982) 7 Jan 1983 - 1988 Michael (Mise'l) Joe (1st time)(b. 1947)1988 - 1990 Marilyn John (f) 1990 - 1992 Shane McDonald 1992 - 1994 Geraldine Kelly (f) 1994 - 2024 Mise'l Joe (2nd time) (s.a.)2024 - Brad Benoit

Mushuau Innu


Former Flag


Current Flag

c.1960 Known as Davis Inlet. 2002 Recognized by Canada (Mushuau Innu). Chiefs bf.1965 - af.1969 Joseph Rich 1992 - 1994 Katie Rich (f) (1st time) 1994 - 1995 Simeon A. Tshakapesh (1st time) 1995 - 1997 Katie Rich (f) (2nd time) 1997 - 1998 Prote Poker (1st time) 1998 - 2000 Mark Nui 2000 David Nui 2000 - 2004 Simeon A. Tshakapesh (2nd time) 2004 - 2007 Simon Pokue 2007 - 2010 Prote Poker (2nd time) 2010 - 2013 Simeon A. Tshakapesh (3rd time) 2013 - 2016 Gregory Rich 2016 - John Nui

Qalipu Mi’kmaq

[Qalipu Mi’kmaq First
Nation Band (Newfoundland, Canada)]

2011 Recognized by Canada (Qalipu Mi’kmaq), no reserve established as of 2024. Chiefs 2011 - 2015 Brendan Sheppard 2015 - 2023 Brendan Mitchell2023 - Jennifer Brake (f) (acting to 2024)

Sheshatshiu Innu

[Sheshatshiu Innu First
Nation (Newfoundland, Canada)]

c.1960 Known as North West River. 2002 Recognized by Canada (Sheshatshiu Innu). Chiefs c.1965 Antuan Ashini bf.1997 - 2004 Paul Rich 2004 - 2010 Anastasia Qupee (f) 2010 - 2012 Sebastien Benuen 2012 - 2015 Andrew Penashue 2015 - 2023 Eugene Hart(1st time) 2023 - 2024 Etienne Rich 2024 - Eugene Hart (2nd time)

Northwest TerritoriesAcho Dene Koe1922 Signed the Treaty No. 11 of 1921 (Fort Liard), no reserve. 1992/97 Renamed Acho Dene Koe. Chiefs1922 - 19.. Thomas Ekinla bf.1971 - af.1973 Daniel Lomen 1975 - af.1980 Harry Deneron (1st time) c.1982 William Betthale (1st time) c.1987 Victor Jumbo c.1988 William Betthale (2nd time) c.1990 Frank Kotchea c.1991 Harry Deneron (2nd time) c.1992 Steven Kotchea (1st time) 199. - 1999 Harry Deneron (3rd time) 1999 - 2002 Judy Kotchea (f) 2002 - 2005 Floyd Bertrand 2005 - 2008 Harry Deneron (4th time) 2008 - 2012 Steven Kotchea (2nd time) 2012 - 2017 Harry Deneron (5th time) 2017 - 2021 Eugene Hope(1st time) 2021 - 2024 Brenda Berreault (f) 2024 - Eugene Hope (2nd time)

Aklavik1958 - 1966 Aklavik Indian Agency established. 1974 Separated from Fort McPherson (Aklavik), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 1992 Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. Chiefs 1974 - 1986 Frederick G. Greenland 1986 - 1987 Ruth Stewart (f) 1987 - 2000 Eugene A. Pascal 2000 - 2008 Charles Furlong 2008 - 2010 Mildred Edwards (f) 2010 - 2016 Danny D. Greenland (1st time) 2016 - 2020 Eddie Greenland 2020 - 2024 Danny D. Greenland (2nd time) 2024 - Randy R. Edwards

Behdzi Ahda1994 Separated from Fort Good Hope (Behdzi Ahda'), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 1994 Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. Chiefs 1994 - 2001 Richard P. Kochon (1st time) 2001 Dora Duncan (f) 2001 - 2002 Sharon Tutcho (f) (acting) 2002 - 2013 Richard P. Kochon (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Alvin J. Orlias 2015 - 2022 Wilbert Kochon2022 - Richard P. Kochon (3rd time)

Dechi Laot'i (Wekweeti)1996 Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Dechi Laot'i), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 2005 Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Wekweeti (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs1996 - 199. .... 1998/99 - 2005 Joseph Judas 2005 - 2013 Charles Football (1st time) 2013 - 2017 Johnny Arrowmaker 2017 - 2021 Charles Football (2nd time) 2021 - Adeline Football (f)

Deh Gah Got'ie Dene1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Providence), no reserve. 1992/97 Renamed Deh Gáh Got'îê Dene. Chiefs1921 - 19.. Paul Lafoine c.1955 Vital Bonnetrouge (1st time) c.1973 Vital Bonnetrouge (2nd time) 1976 - af.1981 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (1st time) c.1982 James Thom (1st time) c.1985 Phillip Simba 198. - 1987 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (2nd time) 1987 - af.1988 James Thom (2nd time) bf.1989 - 1991 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (3rd time) c.1992 Bernadette Landry (f)(1st time) 1997 - 2001 Greg Nyuli 2001 - 2003 Sam Gargan 2003 - 2009 Bernadette Landry (f)(2nd time) 2009 - 2011 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (4th time) 2011 - 2013 Wayne Sabourin 2013 - 2017 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (5th time) 2017 - 2019 Xavier Canadien2019 - 2021 Joachim P. Bonnetrouge (6th time) 2021 - Michael Vandell

Deline


Former Flag


Current Flag

1973 Separated from Fort Norman (Fort Franklin), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 1993 Renamed Deline. 1994 Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. 2015 Self-government agreement (from 2016, governed by the Déline Got'ine Government; the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs1973 - 1983 George Kodakin (d. 1992) 1983 - 1985 George Blondin (b. 1922 - d. 2008) c.1987 Paul Baton c.1988 George Cleary c.1990 John Tetso bf.1991 - af.1993 Raymond A. Taniton (1st time) bf.1995 - 1997 Raymond Tutcho (1st time) 1997 - 1999 Raymond A. Taniton (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Leeroy Andre (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Raymond Tutcho (2nd time) 2003 - 2005 Walter Bayha 2005 - 2006 Charlie Neyelle 2006 - 2007 Dolphus Baton (acting) 2007 - 2012 Raymond Tutcho (3rd time) 2012 - 2015 Leonard Kenny 2015 - 2018 Raymond Tutcho (4th time)2018 - 2022 Leeroy Andre (2nd time) 2022 - Daniel L. Gaudet

Deninu K'ue1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Resolution), no reserve. 1924 – 1953 Fort Resolution Indian Agency established. 1992 Renamed Deninu K'ué. Chiefs1900 Louison Dosnoir 1900 - 1915 Vital Lamoelle (1st time) 1915 - 1916 Barmoule Lemoule 1916 - 1917 Vital Lamoelle (2nd time) 1917 - 1923 Paulette Chandelle 1923 - 1940 Jean Pascal Nadjere 1940 - 1949 Boniface Alphonse 1949 - 1960 Vacant 1960 - 1967 Alexander King 1967 - 1971 James L. Villeneuve 1971 - 1972 Vacant 1972 - 1978 Edward Sayine 1978 - 1979 Robert G. Sayine (1st time) 1979 - 1981 Raymond Simon 1981 - 1989 Robert G. Sayine (2nd time) 1989 - 1993 Bernadette Unka (f) 1993 - 2001 Don W. Balsillie 2001 - 2006 Robert G. Sayine (3rd time) 2006 - 2007 William R. Norn 2007 - Louis M. Balsillie

Dog Rib Rae (Behchoko)


Behchoko Community Flag


Tlicho Nation Flag

1921 Signed the Treaty No.11 (Dog Rib Rae), no reserve. 2005 Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Behchokò (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs1921 - 1934 Zephirin Monfwi (b. 1866 - d. 1936) 1934 - 1969 Jimmy Bruneau (b. 1881 - d. 1975) 1969 - 1971 .... 1971 - 1976 Alexis Arrowmaker 1976 - 19.. Charlie Charlo bf.1980 - 1982 Joe Migwi 1982 - 198. Philip Huskey bf.1983 - af.1989 Joseph Rabesca (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1992 Edward Erasmus c.1994 Joseph Rabesca (2nd time) 1997 - 1998 Joseph Judas 1998 - 2000 Joseph Rabesca (3rd time) 2000 - 2004 Eddie P. Rabesca (d. 2004) 2004 - 2005 Clifford J. Daniels (1st time) 2005 - 2009 Leon Lafferty 2009 - 2025 Clifford J. Daniels (2nd time)2025 - Bertha Rabesca-Zoe (f)

Fort Good Hope1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Good Hope), no reserve. 1931 - 1938 Fort Good Hope Indian Agency established. 1994 Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. Chiefs1921 - 19.. Simeon Tseleie c.1973 Charlie Barnaby (1st time) bf.1975 - af.1980 Frank Tseleie (1st time) c.1982 Edward Grandjambe bf.1987 - af.1989 Charlie Barnaby (2nd time) c.1990 Frank Tseleie (2nd time) bf.1991 - 1993 Everett Kakfwi (1st time) 1993 - 1995 Isadore Manuel 1995 - 1997 John Tseleie 1997 - 1999 Everett Kakfwi (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Delphine Pierrot (f) 2001 - 2003 Frank Tseleie (3rd time) 2003 - 2007 Ron Pierrot 2007 - 2009 Frank Tseleie (4th time) 2009 - 2011 Arthur Tobac 2011 - 2013 Wilfred G. McNeely (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Greg Laboucan 2015 - 2019 Wilfred G. McNeely (2nd time)2019 - 2021 Daniel Masuzumi 2021 - 2022 Thomas Kakfwi 2022 - 2023 Lucy Jackson (f) (interim) 2023 - Collin Pierrot

Gameti1996 Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Gameti), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 2005 Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Gameti (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs1996 - 1999 A. Henry Gon (1st time) 1999 - 2005 Archie Wetrade 2005 - 2009 A. Henry Gon (2nd time) 2009 - 2013 Edward Chocolate 2013 - 2021 David Wedawin2021 - Doreen Arrowmaker (f)

Gwichya Gwich'in1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Arctic Red River), no reserve. 1992 Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. 1994 Renamed Gwichya Gwich'in. Chiefs 1921 - 1936 Paul Niditchie 1936 - 1941 Joe Bernard 1942 - 1944 Hyacinthe Andre (1st time) (b. 1910 - d. 2006)1944 Andre Coyen (d. 1944) 1945 – 1980 Hyacinthe Andre (2nd time) (s.a.) 1980 - 1982 Napoleon "Nap" Norbert (b. 1917 - d. 2003) 1983 - 1990 Grace Blake (f) (1st time) 1990 Louisa Andre (f) 1990 – 1993 Peter Ross (1st time) 1993 – 1996 Grace Blake (f) (2nd time) 1996 - 1998 Morris Blake 1998 - 2000 Grace Blake (f) (3rd time) 2000 - 2007 Peter Ross (2nd time) 2007 - 2011 Frederick Blake 2011 - 2018 Phillip Blake (1st time) 2018 - 2019 Russel Andre 2019 - Phillip Blake (2nd time)

Inuvik1982 Separated from Aklavik (Inuvik), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 1992 Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. Chiefs1982 - 1991 CeCe McCauley (f) 1991 - 2003 James B. Firth 2003 - 2008 Richard Nerysoo 2008 - 2017 Herbert P. Blake 2017 - 2020 Larry Neyando2020 - Robert Charlie-Tetlichi

Jean Marie River1991 Separated from Fort Simpson (Jean Marie River), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. Chiefs1991 - 199. Stanley Sanguez (1st time) bf.1997 - 2000 Yvonne Norwegian (f) 2000 - 2002 Stanley Sanguez (2nd time) 2002 - 2005 Fred Norwegian 2005 - 2008 Stanley Sanguez (3rd time) 2008 - 2011 Isidore Simon 2011 - 2014 Stanley Sanguez (4th time) 2014 - 2018 Gladys M. Norwegian (f) 2018 - 2021 Stanley Sanguez (5th time)2021 - 2023 Nolene Hardisty (f) 2023 - Melanie Norwegian (f)

Ka'a'gee Tu1992 Separated from Fort Providence (Ka'a'gee Tu), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. Chief 1992 - Lloyd G. Chicot

K'atl'odeeche1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Hay River). 1992/97 Renamed Hay River Dene. 1999 Renamed K'atl'odeeche. Chiefs1900 - 19.. "Sunrise" c.1926 Lamalice c.1949 Casimir Lamalice c.19.. John Lamalice 1965 - 1971 Edward Fabian (b. 1919 – d. 2004) 1971 - af.1974 Daniel Sonfrere c.1980 Patrick Martel (1st time) c.1982 Ted Bugghins bf.1987 - 1988 Patrick Martel (2nd time) 1988 - 1990 Roy J. Fabian (1st time) 1990 - 2002 Patrick Martel (3rd time) 2002 - 2006 Roy J. Fabian (2nd time) 2006 - 2009 Alec Sunrise 2009 - 2018 Roy J. Fabian (3rd time) 2018 - 2024 April Martel (f) 2024 - Elaine Auger (f)

Liidlii Kue

Dehcho Nation Flag

1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Simpson), no reserve. 1911 - 1966 Fort Simpson Indian Agency established (closed 1953-1961). 1997 Renamed Łíídlii Kué. Chiefs1921 - 19.. Antoine Nakekon bf.1959 - 1974 Baptiste Cazon 1974 - 1977 James L. Antoine (1st time) 1977 - 1979 .... 1979 - 1985 James L. Antoine (2nd time) 1985 - 1989 Gerald Antoine (1st time) 1989 - 19.. James L. Antoine (3rd time) c.1990 Alfred Horesay c.1991 James L. Antoine (4th time) c.1992 Gerald Antoine (2nd time) 199. - 1997 Herbert A. Norwegian 1997 - 2003 Rita Cli (f) 2003 - 2009 Keyna Norwegian (f) (1st time) 2009 - 2012 James L. Antoine (5th time) 2012 - 2013 Keyna Norwegian (f) (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Minnie Letcher (f) 2015 - 2021 Gerald Antoine (3rd time)2021 - Kele Antoine

Lutsel K'e Dene1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Dogrib of Resolution), no reserve. c.1960 Renamed Snowdrift. 1992 Renamed Łutsël K'é Dene. Chiefs1900 - 1915 Henry Snuff (d. 1915) 1915 – 1926 Joseph Baptiste 1926 – 1931 François Lockhart 1931 – 1933 John J. Lockhart 1934 – 1935 Jean Marie Beaulieu (d. 1935) 1936 – 1960 Pierre Frise 1961 – 1967 Joseph Lockhart (1st time) 1967 – 1971 Pierre Catholique 1971 – 1979 Joseph Lockhart (2nd time) 1979 – 1982 Phillip Desjarlais 1982 – 1990 Felix J. Lockhart (1st time) 1990 – 1994 Antoine Michel (1st time) 1994 – 2000 Felix J. Lockhart (2nd time) 2000 – 2002 Florence Catholique (f) 2002 – 2006 Archie Catholique 2006 – 2008 Adeline Jonasson (f) 2008 – 2010 Steven Nitah 2010 – 2012 Antoine Michel (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Dora Enzoe (f) 2014 - 2017 Felix J. Lockhart (3rd time) 2017 - 2022 Darryl Marlowe 2022 - James Marlowe

Nahanni Butte1990 Separated from Fort Liard (Nahanni Butte), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. Chiefs1990 David Konisenta 1990 - af.1992 Peter D. Marcellais (1st time) bf.1997 - 1998 Leon H. Konisenta (1st time) 1998 - 2000 Peter D. Marcellais (2nd time) 2000 - 2004 Leon H. Konisenta (2nd time) 2004 Peter D. Marcellais (3rd time) 2004 - 2007 Eric Betsaka 2007 - 2009 Morris Vital 2009 - 2012 Fred J. Tesou 2012 - 2013 Clayton Konisenta 2013 - 2015 Michael Matou 2015 - 2018 Peter D. Marcellais (4th time) 2018 - 2021 Darrell Betsaka2021 - Steve Vital

Pehdzeh Ki1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Wrigley), no reserve. 1992/97 Renamed Pehdzeh Ki. Chiefs 1921 - 19.. Julian Yendo c.1973 David Horsey bf.1980 - af.1982 Gabriel Hardisty (1st time) c.1987 Timothy Lennie (1st time) bf.1988 - af.1990 Gabriel Hardisty (2nd time) c.1991 Alma Ekenale (f) bf.1992 - 2001 Timothy Lennie (2nd time) 2001 - 2002 Percy Hardisty 2002 - 2004 Timothy Lennie (3rd time) 2004 - 2006 David Moses 2006 Gabriel Hardisty (3rd time) 2006 - 2007 Timothy Lennie (4th time) 2007 - 2009 Darcy E. Moses (1st time) 2009 - 2013 Timothy Lennie (5th time) 2013 Sharon Pellissey (f) 2013 - 2015 Timothy Lennie (6th time) 2015 - 2017 Darcy E. Moses (2nd time) 2017 - 2020 Maurice Moses2020 - 2024 Lloyd J. Moses 2024 - Jesse Nekenyia-Moses

Salt River1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fort Smith). 1911 - 1966 Fort Smith Indian Agency established (closed 1924-1958). 1962 Renamed Fitz/Smith. 1992 Renamed Salt River. Chiefs1899 - 1931 Pierre Squirrel (b. 1848 - d. 1939) 1931 - 1957 Abraham Luichville 1957 - 1958 Alex Maurice 1958 - 1962 Vacant 1962 - 1963 John Paulette 1963 - 1965 Vacant 1965 - 1966 Simon J. Waquan 1966 - 1968 Frederick Gibot 1968 - 1969 Alexander Beggar 1969 - 1970 Vacant 1970 - 1971 Eddy Bird (d. 1971) 1971 - 1974 Francois Paulette 1974 - 1975 Henry H. Beaver (1st time) 1975 - 1980 Joseph Cheezie 1980 - 1982 Albert R. Beaver 1982 - 1985 Raymond Beaver 1985 - 1986 John Benwell 1986 - 1987 Michael Beaver 1987 - 1990 Henry H. Beaver (2nd time) 1990 - 1998 Jerry Paulette 1998 - 2000 Nora Beaver (f) 2000 - 2002 James Schaefer (1st time) 2002 - 2004 Victor Marie 2004 - 2007 James Schaefer (2nd time) 2007 - 2011 Frieda E. Martselos (f) (1st time) 2011 - 2013 David Poitras (1st time) 2013 - 2019 Frieda E. Martselos (f) (2nd time)2019 - 2022 David Poitras (2nd time) 2022 Toni Heron (f) (1st time) 2022 - 2024 Brad Laviolette (acting) 2024 - Toni Heron (f) (2nd time)

Sambaa K'e Dene1990 Separated from Fort Liard (Sambaa K'e Dene), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. Chiefs1990 - af.1991 Edward Jumbo bf.1992 - 2006 Dennis Deneron 2006 - Dolphus Jumbo

Teetl'it Gwich'in

Gwich'in Nation Flag

Teetl'it Gwich'in Council Flag

1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort McPherson), no reserve. 1992 Renamed Tetlit Gwich'in. 1992 Covered by the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. 2018 Renamed Teetl'it Gwich'in. Chiefs1921 - 1948 Julius Salu (b. 1875 - d. 1948) 1948 - 1960 Johnny Kay 1960 - 1971 John A. Tetlichi 1970 - 1973 Francis J. Francis 1973 - 1975 John Itsi 1975 - 1985 John D. Charlie 1985 - 1989 James Ross (1st time) 1989 - 1991 Robert A. Alexie 1991 Mary Teya (f) (acting) 1991 - 1994 James Ross (2nd time) 1994 - 1995 Joseph Tetlichi 1995 - 1999 William R. Koe (1st time) 1999 - 2004 Abraham Wilson 2004 - 2007 Johnny W. Kay 2007 - 2010 Wilbert Firth 2010 - 2016 William R. Koe (2nd time) 2016 - 2022 Wanda Pascal (f) 2022 - Elizabeth Wright (f)

Tulita Dene

Sahtu Nation Flag

1921 Signed the Treaty No. 11 (Fort Norman), no reserve. 1938 – 1955 Fort Norman Indian Agency established. 1994 Covered by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claims Agreement. 1996 Renamed Tulita Dene. Chiefs1921 - 19.. Albert Wright c.1973 Paul Baton c.1975 Frank J. Andrew (1st time) bf.1980 - af.1982 Paul Wright (1st time) c.1987 Gordon Yakeleya (1st time) bf.1988 - 1990 Paul Wright (2nd time) 1990 Therese Etchinelle (f) 1990 - 1991 Norman Yakeleya 1991 - af.1992 David J. Etchinelle (1st time) c.1993 Fred Doctor bf.1997 - 1999 Gordon Yakeleya (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Frank J. Andrew (2nd time) 2001 - 2003 Maurice Mendo 2003 - 2005 David J. Etchinelle (2nd time) 2005 - 2015 Frank J. Andrew (3rd time) 2015 - 2017 David J. Etchinelle (3rd time) 2017 - Frank J. Andrew (4th time)

West Point1993 Organized under the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (West Point) from members of several First Nations, no reserve. Chiefs 199. - 1997 Theodore Cayen 1997 - 1998 Florence Cayen (f)(1st time) 1998 - 2002 Karen Thomas (f) (1st time) 2002 - 2003 Leon Thomas 2003 - 2004 Robert Cayen 2004 - 2006 Karen Thomas-Felker (f) (2nd time) 2006 - 2007 Sonya Cayen (f) (acting) 2007 - 2010 Vacant 2010 - 2011 Abner L. Cayen 2011 - 2013 Gwen Cayen (f) 2013 - 2016 Courtney T. Cayen 2016 - 2019 Becky Cayen (f)2019 - Kenneth Cayen

Wha Ti (Whati)1996 Separated from Dog Rib Rae (Wha Ti), under the Treaty No. 11, no reserve. 2005 Covered by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Agreement, governed by the Tlicho Community Government of Whati (the First Nation name formally remained unchanged). Chiefs 199. - 1999 Isadore Zoe 1999 - 2009 Charlie J. Nitsiza 2009 - 2025 Alfonz J. Nitsiza 2025 - Charlie J. Nitsiza

Yellowknives Dene1900 Signed the Treaty No. 8 of 1899 (Yellowknife), no reserve. 1953 – 1966 Yellowknife Indian Agency established. 1990 Renamed Yellowknives Dene. 1999 Administered jointly by chiefs of main community of Dettah and chiefs (formerly sub-chiefs) of N'dilo. Chiefs1900 - 1913 Emile Drygeese (d. 1913) 1914 - 1928 Joseph Drygeese 1928 - 1936 Baptiste Drygeese 1936 - 1937 William Crapeau (1st time) 1937 - 1938 Joe Crapeau 1938 - 1949 William Crapeau (2nd time) 1949 - 1974 Joseph Sangris 1974 - 1979 Joseph Sanspariel 1979 - 1987 Isadore Tsetta 1987 - 1999 Jonas J. Sangris Chiefs of Detah 1999 - 2002 Richard Edjericon 2002 - 2007 Peter Liske 2007 - 2023 Edward Sangris 2023 - Ernest N. Betsina Chiefs of N'dilo 1999 - 2002 Peter Liske 2002 - 2005 Darrel K. Beaulieu 2005 - 2009 Fred Sangris (1st time) 2009 - 2013 Ted Tsetta 2013 - 2021 Ernest N. Betsina 2021 - Fred Sangris (2nd time)

Nova Scotia
Note: The relations between Micmac and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of Micmac, see Eskasoni. All reserves in Nova Scotia were considered single Indian band by Canada until 1958.

Wasoqopa’q (Acadia)

[Acadia First Nation (Nova
Scotia, Canada)]

17/18th cent. Known as La Have.1820 First of several reserves set aside.1965 Named Acadia.2024 Renamed Wasoqopa'q.Chiefsc.1605 Messamouetc.1722 Claude Couachinouilc.1726 Antoine Egigishc.1752 Claude Gigigishc.1758 Paul Laurent (d. af.1766) c.1761 Francis Musebf.1897 - 1971 None1971 - 1978 Charles W. Labrador (1st time) (b. 1932 – d. 2002)1978 - af.1982 Charles Paul1986 - 1988 Charles W. Labrador (2nd time) (s.a.)1988 - Deborah D. Robinson (f)

Annapolis Valley

1851 First of several reserves set aside.c.1950 Known as Annapolis Valley (became name of band).Chiefs1959 - 1961 Michael Francis1961 - 1965 Charles Phillips1965 - 1969 John A. Smith1969 - 1970 Marshall J. Smith1970 - 1971 Rita M. Smith (f) (1st time) (b. 1918 – d. 1996)1971 - 1976 Gerald Toney1976 - 1982 Rita M. Smith (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)1982 - 1992 David J. Toney1992 - 1997 Lawrence L. Toney1997 - 2011 Brian J. Toney2011 - 2015 Janette B. Peterson (f)2015 - Gerald B. Toney

Bear River

17th cent. Known as Port Royal.18th cent. Known as Annapolis Royal.1820 Bear River reserve set aside (gave name to band).Chiefs15.. - 1611 Mawpiltu (b. c.1525 - d. 1611) (from 1610, Henri Membertou)c.1722 Thomas Albasonc.1726 Baptiste Thomasc.1730 Jean-Baptiste17.. - 1824 Vacant1824 - 1833 Andrew J. Meuse (d. af.1850)1833 - 184. Jack Glode1843 - 1846 Gabriel Anthony (d. 1846)bf.1849 - af.1855 Peter P. Toneybf.1870 - af.1872 James Meuse (1st time)bf.1895 - 1898 Malti Pictou1898 - af.1923 James Meuse (2nd time)bf.1946 - 1963 Louis Peters1963 - 1975 Richard J. McEwan (b. 1908 – d. 1991)1975 - 1979 ....1979 - 1987 John G. McEwan1987 - 2001 Frank S. Meuse (1st time)2001 - 2003 Sherry Pictou (f)2003 - 2007 Frank S. Meuse (2nd time)2007 – 2009 Theresa Meuse (f)2009 - 2011 Carol D. Thompson (f) (1st time)2011 - 2013 Frank S. Meuse (3rd time)2013 - Carol D. Thompson (f) (2nd time) (from 2015, Carol D. Potter)

Eskasoni


Mi'kmaq National Flag Adopted 4 Oct 1900


Mi'kmaq Grand Council Flag Adopted c.1900

1610 Micmacs (or Mi’kmaq) in alliance with the French. 1725 Ally (from 1761, subject) of the British (except 1744-52, and 1755-61). 1749 Grand chief of the Micmac, residing at the Chapel Island (from 1869, at Eskasoni), recorded for the first time (1752-1760 and 1814-1895 the position also is claimed by chiefs of Shubenacadie). 1832 Eskasoni reserve set aside (gave name to band).1942– 1971 Eskasoni Indian Agency established (1872-1942 there were up to 19 part-time Indian agencies in Nova Scotia, they are not recorded in his record). 1958 Grand chief of Micmac ceased to be chief of the Micmacs of Cape BretonIsland (from 1958 the office of the Grand Chief continued as traditional leadership). Chiefs of Cape Breton Island (originally Isle Royale)(title:Saqmaw) c.1716 Isidorus c.1722 Jean Michaux 17.. – 1750 Michel Denny (d. 1750) 1750 – 1778 Jeannot Pequidalouet (b. c.1705 – d. 17..) c.1783 Lemable Janot 1792 – 1958 the Grand Chiefs of Micmac Grand Chiefs of Micmac (title Kji’saqmaw wjit Mi’kmaq) c.1749 Tomah Denys 1792 – 1818 Francis Basque 1818 – 1842 Michael Tomah (d. 1842) 1842 – 1869 Francis Gregory Tomah 1869 – 1881 John Denny (b. c.1807 - d. 1881) 1881 – 12 Apr 1918 John B. Denny, Jr. (b. 1841 – d. 1918) 1918 – May 1963 Gabriel J. Sylliboy (b. 1874 – d. 1963) (acting to 1 Aug 1919) Jun 1964 - 25 Aug 1991 Donald Marshall (b. 1925 – d. 1991) Sep 1991 - 30 Nov 2017 Benjamin "Ben" Sylliboy (b. 1941 - d. 2017) (acting to 1992)Chiefs of Eskasoni (title: Saqmaw)1958 – 19.. ....bf.1963 - 1966 Charles Francis1966 – af.1969 Lawrence Paul1970 - af.1976 Dan K. Stevens1978 – 1990 Allison M. Bernard (1st time) (b. 1941 – d. 2007)1990 – 1992 Leonard Paul1982 – 2000 Allison M. Bernard (2nd time) (s.a.)2000 - 2006 Blair Stephen Francis2006 – Feb 2010 Charles Joe DennisNov 2010 - Leroy D.C. Denny (b. 1976)

Glooscap

[Glooscap First Nation (Nova
Scotia, Canada)]

1984 Separated from Annapolis Valley (Horton). 2002 Renamed Glooscap. Chiefs1984 - 1989 Rita M. Smith (f) (b. 1918 – d. 1996) 1989 - 1994 Joseph B. Peters (b. 1921 – d. 1996) 1994 - 2012 Shirley M. Clarke (f) 2012 - Sidney C. Peters

Membertou

[Membertou First Nation
(Nova Scotia, Canada)]

1882 Sydney reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1985 Renamed Membertou. Chiefs1958 - 1966 Benjamin E. Christmas (b. 1896 – d. 1966) 1966 - 1968 Lawrence Paul (b. 1925 – d. 2010) 1968 - 1971 Ray Gould 1971 - 1972 Gordon MacDonald 1972 - 1976 John P. Ginnish (b. 1929 – d. 2010) 1976 - 1984 Alexander Christmas 1984 - Terrence J. Paul

Millbrook
1886 Truro reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1985 Renamed Millbrook. Chiefs 1908 - 1916 Joseph Gould (d. af.1918) 1916 - 1957 Joseph Julian (b. 1872 – d. 1957) 1957 - 1959 Vacant 1959 - 1969 Gerald Gloade (1st time) 1969 - 1971 Rachel M. Marshall (f) (b. 1910 – d. 1987) 1971 - 1974 Gerald Gloade (2nd time) 1974 - 1978 Stephen J. Gloade 1978 - 1984 Stanley Johnson 1984 Lawrence A. Paul (1st time) (b. 1934 - d. 2014) 1984 - 1986 Stephen Marshall 1986 - 2012 Lawrence A. Paul (2nd time) (s.a.) 2012 - Robert J. Gloade

Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw

[Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw Nation
(Nova Scotia, Canada)]

18th cent. Known as Antigonish. 1820 Afton reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2003 Renamed Paq’tnkek. 2012 Renamed Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw Nation. Chiefs c.1722 Jean Chebacoureg c.1759 Rene La Morne c.1783 Anthony Bernard bf.1897 - 1912 Vacant 1912 - 1920 Frank S. Prosper (d. 1920) 1920 - 192. Francis Paul 1927 - 19.. Thomas Francis 19.. - 1959 Vacant 1959 - 1961 Frank Simon 1961 - 1967 Wilfred J. Prosper 1967 - 1969 Noel Lafford 1969 - 1971 Peter F. Pierro (1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 1989) 1971 - 1973 .... 1973 - 1989 Peter F. Pierro (2nd time) (s.a.)bf.1990 - af.1991 Noel Francis bf.1992 - af.1997 Kerry G. Prosper bf.2001 - 2013 M. Gerard Julian 2013 - 2020 Paul J. Prosper2020 - 2022 Tma Francis 2022 - Cory Julian (interim to 2023)

Pictou Landing18th cent. Known as Pictou. 1865 First of several reserves set aside. c.1896 Known as Pictou Landing (became name of band). Chiefs c.1722 Charles Isadsighinaua c.1759 Jeannot Pectougawash c.1783 Paul Chachegonouet c.1871 Abraham Beetle bf.1896 - af.1899 John Logan c.1910 Matthew Francis (1st time) c.1916 Aleck Moose bf.1918 - af.1923 Matthew Francis (2nd time) c.1946 Louis Sappier 19.. - 1959 Vacant 1959 - 1967 Louis J. Francis1967 - af.1982 Raymond Francis (d. 2008) bf.1985 - af.1993 Roderick P. Francis c.1994 Alden Francis c.1997 Albert W. Denny bf.2001 - af.2006 Anne Francis-Meuse (f) bf.2009 - 2011 Aileen Francis (f) 2011- 2023 Andrea E. Paul (f)2023 - Tamara Young (f)

Potlotek1827 Chapel Island reserve set aside (gave name to band). 2012 Renamed Potlotek. Chiefs1958 - 1960 John Basque (1st time) (b. 1922 – d. 1996) 1960 - 1972 .... 1972 - 1973 Noel Doucette (1st time) (b. 1938 – d. 1996) c.1982 John Basque (2nd time) (s.a.) bf.1987 - af.1991 George W. Johnson bf.1992 - 1996 Noel Doucette (2nd time) (s.a.) 1996 - af.1998 Lindsay R. Marshall 2002 - 2008 Wilbert Marshall (1st time) 2008 - 2010 Kenneth Basque 2010 - Wilbert Marshall (2nd time)

Sipekne’katik

[Sipekne’katik First Nation
(Nova Scotia, Canada)]

1752 - 1895 Chiefs of Shubenacadie claimed position of Grand Chief of Micmac (except 1760-1814). 1820 Shubenacadie reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1942 - 1971 Shubenacadie Indian Agency established. 2015 Renamed Sipekne’katik. Chiefs c.1722 Joseph Bomgabouidetche c.1726 Jean-Baptiste Pon bf.1752 - 1760 Jean-Baptiste Cope (b. 1698 – d. 1760) 1760 - af.1761 Claude Rene bf.1783 - 1814 Paul Peminuit (d. 1814) 1814 - 1843 Louis Benjamin Paul (b. 1755 – d. 1843) 1843 - 1856 Francis Paul 1856 - 1895 James Peter Paul (b. 1800 - d. 1895) 1895 - 1911 John Noel (d. 1911) 1911 - 1912 Newell McDonald 1913 - 1916 Simon Basque 1916 - 1919 Isaac Sack 1919 - 1921 Vacant 1921 - 1924 William Paul (1st time) 1924 - 1930 Vacant 1930 - 1933 William Paul (2nd time) 1933 - 1936 John B. Maloney 1936 - 1939 William Paul (3rd time) 1939 - 1942 Vacant 1942 - 1944 John Marr 1945 - 1951 Stephen J. Knockwood (1st time) 1951 - 1952 John A. Bernard (1st time) 1953 - 1956 Stephen J. Knockwood (2nd time) 1956 - 1958 John A. Bernard (2nd time) 1958 - 1962 Ivan Knockwood 1962 - 1964 John S. Knockwood (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2007) 1964 - 1970 Simon Nevin 1970 - 1974 John S. Knockwood (2nd time) (s.a.) 1974 - 1976 Reginald Maloney (1st time) 1976 Clarence Marr 1976 - 1978 Reginald Maloney (2nd time) 1978 - 1980 John S. Knockwood (3rd time) (s.a.) 1980 - 1982 Reginald Maloney (3rd time) 1982 - 1988 John S. Knockwood (4th time) (s.a.) 1988 - 1990 Peter Julian 1990 - 2004 Reginald Maloney (4th time) 2004 - 2008 Alexander P. McDonald 2008 - 2012 Jerry F. Sack 2012 - 2016 Rufus Copage 2016 - 2022 Michael P. Sack2022 - Michelle Glasgow (f)

Wagmatcook1827 Middle River reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1976 Renamed Wagmatcook. Chiefs 1958 - 19.. .... c.1973 Peter Bernard 1978 - af.1990 Benedict Pierro bf.1991 - af.1992 Francis Pierro 1994 - 2002 Mary L. Bernard (f) 2002 - 2010 Lester M. Peck 2010 - Norman F. Bernard

We’koqma’q L'nue'kati
1827 Whycocomagh reserve set aside (gave name to band). 1998 Renamed Waycobah. 2016 Renamed We'koqma'q. 2023 Renamed We’koqma’q L'nue'kati. Chiefs 1958 - 1960 Andrew Phillips 1960 - 1962 Joseph N. Prosper (1st time) 1962 - 1964 Charles Bernard 1964 - 1966 Joseph N. Prosper (2nd time) 1966 - 1970 Simon Googoo 1970 - 1972 Noel J. Bernard 1972 - 1976 Wayne R. Googoo (b. 1945 – d. 1976) 1976 - 1982 Ryan C. Googoo 1982 - 1992 Roderick A. Googoo (1st time) 1992 - 2004 J. Morley Googoo (1st time) 2004 - 2006 Alexander Googoo 2006 - 2011 J. Morley Googoo (2nd time) 2011 - 2020 Roderick A. Googoo (2nd time) 2020 - 2024 Annie Bernard-Daisley (f) 2024 - John L. Bernard

Nunavut

OntarioNote: There are 123 First Nations in Ontario. Currently recorded here are: (1) 29 First Nations (13 constituent nations of the Six Nations of the Grand River counted as one) in the south-eastern part of the province that are located within area of the pre-1850 treaties; (2) 18 largest First Nations by registered native on-reserve population in 2010 (the ones whose population exceeded 800) covered by the Robinson Treaties (four nations), Treaty No. 3 (three nations), Treaty No. 5 (three nations) or Treaty No. 9 (eight nations). The First Nations in Ontario currently not recorded here are: (1) Covered by the Robinson Huron Treaty of 1850 – Atikameksheng Anishnawbek, Batchewana, Dokis, Henvey Inlet, Magnetawan, Mississauga, Serpent River, Shawanaga, Temagami, Thessalon, Wahnapitae, Wasauksing, and Whitefish River; (2) Covered by the Robinson Superior Treaty of 1850 - Animbiigoo Zaagi'igan, Biigtigong Nishnaabeg, Biinjitiwabik Zaaging, Bingwi Neyaashi, Gull Bay, Long Lake, Michipicoten, Netmizaaggamig Nishnaabeg (to 2022, Pic Mobert), Pays Plat, Red Rock, and Whitesand; (3) Covered by the Treaty No. 3 of 1873 - Animakee Wa Zhing, Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing, Anishnabe of Wauzhushk Onigum, Couchiching, Eagle Lake, Iskatewizaagegan, Lac Des Mille Lacs, Gakijiwanong Anishinaabe (Lac La Croix to 2023), Mitaanjigamiing, Naicatchewenin, Naotkamegwanning, Nigigoonsiminikaaning, Niisaachewan, Northwest Angle, Ojibway of Saugeen, Ojibways of Onigaming, Rainy River, Seine River, Shoal Lake, Wabauskang, Wabigoon Lake, and Washagamis Bay; (4) Covered by the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 – Kee-Way-Win, McDowell Lake, North Spirit Lake, and Poplar Hill; (5) Covered by the Treaty No. 9 of 1905 - Apitipi Anicinapek (to 2022, Wahgoshig), Aroland, Bearskin Lake, Brunswick House, Cat Lake, Chapleau Cree, Chapleau Ojibway, Flying Post, Fort Severn, Ginoogaming, Kingfisher, Martin Falls, Matachewan, Mattagami, Missanabie Cree, Muskrat Dam Lake, Neskantaga, Nibinamik, North Caribou Lake, Sachigo Lake, Slate Falls, Taykwa Tagamou, Wapekeka, Wawakapewin, Webequie, Weenusk, and Wunnumin.There were the following Indian agencies not recorded below under individual First Nations: Parry Sound (to 1898, Western Superintendency-2nd Division, 1873-1970), Kenora (to 1889 Assabaskasing, 1889-1906 Rat Portage, 1879-1969), Savanne (1879-1936), Couchiching (from 1903 Fort Frances, 1879-1936), Thessalon (1898-1938), Chapleau (1906-1967), Nakina (1955-1972).

Aamjiwnaang

1796 Treaty with the British (Chippewas of St.Clair). 1827 Reserve established. 1836 Renamed Chippewas of Sarnia. 1873 - 1969 Sarnia Indian agency (to 1898, Western Superintendency – 1st Division). 1999 Renamed Aamjiwnaang. Head chiefsbf.1796 - 1824 Animkeence (d. 1824) 1825 - 1844 Joshua Wawanosh (1st time) (b. 1786 - d. 1871) 1844 - 1848 Mishibizhe 1848 - 1852 Joshua Wawanosh (2nd time) (s.a.) 1852 - 1867 David B. Wawanosh (d. 1867) 1867 - 1871 Joshua Wawanosh (3rd time) (s.a.) 1871 - 1874 Nicholas Plain (b. 1819 - d. 1892) Chiefs 1874 - 1877 William Wawanosh 1877 - 1882 John Sumner 1882 - 1884 Nicholas Plain (s.a.) 1884 - 1898 Francis Wilson Jacobs (1st time) 1898 - 1901 William W. Wawanosh 1901 - 1907 Francis Wilson Jacobs (2nd time) 1907 - 1910 Peter Rodd 1910 - 1919 Elijah Maness (1st time) 1919 - 1922 Daniel Otter 1922 - 1934 Elijah Maness (2nd time) 1934 - 1940 Nicholas Plain, Jr. 1940 - 1946 Telford Adams (1st time) 1946 - 1949 Kenneth F. Plain 1949 - 1956 Telford Adams (2nd time) 1956 - 1958 Lloyd Williams 1958 - 1964 Telford Adams (3rd time) 1964 - 1966 Christopher Adams (d. 1966) 1966 - 1969 Frederick H. Plain 1969 - 1970 Aylmer Plain 1970 - 1976 Gerald Maness 1976 - 1988 William R. Rogers (1st time) 1988 - 1998 Philip A. Maness (1st time) 1998 - 2000 William R. Rogers (2nd time) 2000 - 2005 Philip A. Maness (2nd time) 2005 - 2016 Christopher T. Plain (1st time) 2016 - 2018 Joanne Rogers (f) 2018 - 2024 Christopher T. Plain (2nd time) 2024 - Janelle Y. Nahmabin (f)

Albany


Fort Albany


Kashechewan

1905 Signed the Treaty No.9 (Albany). 1929 - 1967 James Bay Indian agency. 1977 Divided into two separately governed groups: Fort Albany and Kashechewan. Chiefs of Albany1906 - 1919 Andrew Wesley (d. 1919) 1920 - 1929 Moses Wesley (1st time) 1929 - 1933 Isaiah Sutherland 1933 - 1938 Moses Wesley (2nd time) 1938 - 1947 Walter Stephen 1947 - 1957 Simeon Scott 1957 - 1964 James Wesley (1st time) 1964 - 1967 Abraham Metat 1967 - 1969 James Wesley (2nd time) 1969 - 1971 William Stephen 1971 - 1973 William Wesley 1973 - 1975 John Nakogee 1975 - 1977 Silas Wesley Chiefs of Fort Albany 1977 - 1979 Silas Wesley 1979 - 1980 Alex Metatawabin (1st time) 1980 - 1981 Louie Nakogee (1st time) 1981 - 1983 Alex Metatawabin (2nd time) 1983 - 1985 Louie Nakogee (2nd time) 1985 - 1986 Simeon Solomon 1986 - 1988 Louie Nakogee (3rd time) 1988 - 1992 Edmund Metatawabin (1st time) (b. 1948) 1992 - 1994 Edward Metatawabin (1st time) 1994 - 1996 Edmund Metatawabin (2nd time) (s.a.) 1996 - 1998 Edward Metatawabin (2nd time) 1998 - 2006 Mike Metatawabin 2006 - 2012 Andrew Solomon (1st time) 2012 - 2014 Rex Knapaysweet 2014 - 2018 Andrew Solomon (2nd time) 2018 - 2020 Joseph Metatawabin 2020 - 2022 Robert Nakogee 2022 - Elizabeth Kataquapit (f) Chiefs of Kashechewan 1977 - 1979 William Stephen 1979 - 1983 Silas Wesley (1st time) 1983 - 1986 Daniel Kooses (1st time) 1986 - 1987 Leo Friday (1st time) 1987 - 1988 William Wesley 1988 - 1989 Leo Friday (2nd time) 1989 - 1990 Jonathan Solomon (1st time) 1990 - 1991 Silas Wesley (2nd time) 1991 - 1993 Daniel Kooses (2nd time) 1993 - 1995 Andrew Reuben 1995 - 1997 Oliver Wesley 1997 - 2000 Daniel Kooses (3rd time) 2000 - 2006 Leo Friday (3rd time) 2006 - 2012 Jonathan Solomon (2nd time) 2012 - 2015 Derek Stephen 2015 - 2021 Leo Friday (4th time)2021 - 2024 Gaius G. Wesley 2024 - Hosea R. Wesley

Alderville


Former Flag


Current Flag

1783 Treaty with the British (Mississaugas of the Bay of Quinte). 1836 Renamed Alnwick, reserve set aside. 1882 - 1938 Alnwick (to 1892, Alderville) Indian agency. 1923 Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed. 1937 Renamed Alderville. Head chief1826 - 1876 John Sunday (Shawundis) (b. c.1795 - d. 1876) Chiefs 1876 - 1882 Mitchell Chubb (1st time) 1882 Peter Crowe (1st time) 1882 - 1895 Mitchell Chubb (2nd time) 1895 - 1901 Peter Crowe (2nd time) 1901 - 1904 John Sunday, Jr. (1st time) 1904 - 1909 Moses M. Marsden 1909 - 1912 Robert Franklin (1st time) 1912 - 1913 John Sunday, Jr. (2nd time) 1913 - 1916 Thomas Marsden 1916 - 1919 Peter Crowe (3rd time) 1919 - 1921 Peter Comego 1921 - 1922 Ernest Crowe (1st time) 1922 - 1924 Robert Franklin (2nd time) 1924 - 1926 John Smoke 1926 - 1932 Norman Marsden (1st time) 1932 - 1934 Ernest Crowe (2nd time) 1934 - 1937 Norman Marsden (2nd time) 1937 - 1940 Ernest Crowe (3rd time) 1940 - 1950 Norman Marsden (3rd time) 1950 - 1953 John Beaver 1953 - 1956 Norman Marsden (4th time) 1956 - 1958 Peter Crowe 1958 - 1961 Glen Crowe 1961 Alfred Loukes 1961 - 1963 Kenneth Marsden (1st time) 1963 - 1967 Borden Crowe 1967 - 1971 Kenneth Marsden (2nd time) 1971 - 1975 Daniel Simpson 1975 - 1977 Leonard C. Gray (1st time) 1977 - 1983 Glen V. Marsden 1983 Leonard C. Gray (2nd time) 1983 - 1987 John P. Crowe 1987 - 1991 Nora Bothwell (f) (1st time) 1991 - 1993 Leonard C. Gray (3rd time) 1993 - 1995 Nora Bothwell (f) (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Leonard C. Gray (4th time) 1997 - 2001 Wes Marsden 2001 - 2003 Randall S. Smoke 2003 - 2019 James R. Marsden 2019 - 2023 David Mowat2023 - George H. Simpson

Algonquins of Pikwakanagan

1856 Arrived from Quebec (Golden Lake), formerly part of the Algonquins of Lake ofTwo Mountains (see under Kitigan Zibi).1873 Reserve set aside (no treaty).1879 - 1967 Golden Lake Indian agency.1999 Renamed Algonquins of Pikwakanagan.Chiefs1856 - af.1862 Michel Pesantawatchbf.1873 - 1884 Eneas Mukwa1884 - 1888 Seymour Eneas1888 - 1896 Joseph Partridge (1st time)1896 - 1899 Frank Baptiste Pesniwatch1899 - 1900 Narcisse Enias (d. 1900)1900 - 1903 Joseph Partridge (2nd time)1903 - 1905 Matthew Bernard (1st time) (b. 1876 - d. 1972)1905 - 1909 Lemah Sarazin1909 - 1913 Matthew Bernard (2nd time) (s.a.)1913 - 1914 Angus Amikons1914 - 1925 Matthew Bernard (3rd time) (s.a.)1925 - 1931 Paul Benoit1931 - 1932 Lemable Sarazin1932 - 1938 Peter Meness1938 - 1944 William Tenniscoe1944 - 1947 Samson V. Amikons1947 - 1950 James Lavalley1950 - 1959 Daniel Sarazin1959 - 1961 Anna Whiteduck (f)1961 - 1963 Arthur Benoit1963 - 1975 William Commanda1975 - 1978 Henry D. Tennesco (d. 1978)1978 - 1987 Clifford Meness (1st time) (b. 1949)1987 - 1989 Gregory J. Sarazin(1st time)1989 - 1993 Clifford Meness (2nd time) (s.a.)1993 - 1999 Robert P. Whiteduck1999 - 2003 Lisa Ozawanimke (f)2003 - 2020 Kirby J. Whiteduck2020 - 2023 Wendy A. Jocko (f)2023 - Gregory J. Sarazin (2nd time)

Attawapiskat

1929 Separated from Albany (Attawapiskat), under the Treaty No. 9 of 1905. Chiefs 1929 - 1932 Xavier Chookomoolin 1932 - 1941 John Nakooche 1941 - 1944 David Hookemawillillene 1945 - 1948 James Kataquapit 1948 - 1951 John Nakogee 1951 - 1957 Alex Wesley 1957 - 1960 Xavier Tookata 1960 - 1964 Joseph Iahtail 1964 - 1967 George Kebokee 1967 - 1969 James Wesley 1969 - 1971 Antoine Wheesk (1st time) 1971 - 1973 Emile Nakogee (1st time) 1973 - 1975 Antoine Wheesk (2nd time) 1975 - 1977 Emile Nakogee (2nd time) 1977 - 1981 Fred P. Wesley (1st time) 1981 - 1983 Louis Sutherland 1983 - 1984 John B. Nakogee 1984 - 1987 Reginald Loutitt (1st time) 1987 - 1988 Fred P. Wesley (2nd time) 1988 - 1991 Reginald Loutitt (2nd time) 1991 - 2001 Ignace Gull (1st time) 2001 - 2004 Theresa Hall (f) (1st time) 2004 - 2007 Mike Carpenter 2007 - 2010 Theresa Hall (f) (2nd time) 2010 - 2015 Theresa M. Spence (f) 2015 - 2016 Joseph B. Shisheesh 2016 - 2019 Ignace Gull (2nd time) 2019 - 2022 David Nakogee2022 - Judy S. Koostachin (f)

Aundeck-Omni-Kaning

1862 Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided (Ojibways of Sucker Creek).2003 Renamed Aundeck-Omni-Kaning.Chiefs1862 - 1889 George Abotossaway (b. c.1825 - d. 1889)1889 - 1906 Charles G. Abotossaway (b. 1861 - d. 1950) (1st time)1906 - 1910 George Abotossaway, Jr.1910 - 1913 Thomas Shokan1913 - 1950 Charles G. Abotossaway (s.a.) (2nd time)1950 - 1955 Stanley McGraw (1st time)1955 - 1957 Lawrence Madahbee (1st time)1957 - 1959 Stanley McGraw (2nd time)1959 - 1961 David Nahwegahbow (1st time)1961 - 1963 Lawrence Madahbee (2nd time)1963 - 1967 David Nahwegahbow (2nd time)1967 - 1969 Levi Owl1969 - 1971 Lawrence Madahbee (3rd time)1971 - 1973 Clayton F. Abotossaway (b. 1937 – d. 2005) (1st time)1973 - 1975 Ivan Madahbee1975 - 1979 Lawrence Madahbee (4th time)1979 - 1985 Clayton F. Abotossaway (s.a.) (2nd time)1985 - 1993 Patrick Madahbee (1st time)1993 - 1996 Joann Esquimaux (f)1996 - 1999 Diane Abotossaway (f)1999 - 2008 Patrick Madahbee (2nd time)2008 - 2011 D. Craig Abotossaway2011 - Patsy Corbiere (f)

Beausoleil

1785 Treaty with the British (Chippewas of Penetanguishene). 1842 Renamed Beausoleil, reserve set aside. 1856 - c.1938 Renamed Christian Island. 1882 - 1969 Christian Island (to 1898, Penetanguishene) Indian agency. 1923 Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed. Head chiefsc.1798 Essens I bf.1815 - 1847 Essens II (b. 1793 - d. 1847) (from 1828, John Assance) 1847 - 1874 John Assance, Jr. (d. 1882) Chiefs 1874 David Assance 1874 - 1877 George Monague 1877 - 1887 Noah Assance (d. 1887) 1888 - 1894 Samuel Assance 1895 - 1897 George Copegog 1897 - 1899 John Monague 1899 - 1901 Thomas Peters (Kadijidwon) (1st time) 1901 - 1907 Jeremiah D. Monague 1907 - 1910 David J. Assance (d. 1910) 1910 Peter Monague (acting) 1910 - 1913 Thomas Peters (2nd time) 1913 - 1915 Josiah G. Monague 1915 - 1918 William P. Assance 1918 - 1922 James L. King (d. 1922) 1922 Frank Copegog (acting) 1922 - 1924 Henry Jackson 1924 - 1927 John Hawk 1927 - 1930 Albert Monague (1st time) 1930 - 1936 Robert Marsden (1st time) 1936 - 1939 Edward King 1939 - 1944 Albert Monague (2nd time) 1944 - 1945 Roy Essance 1945 - 1948 Robert Marsden (2nd time) 1948 - 1951 Edmond Sandy (d. 1963) 1951 - 1954 Simpson King 1954 - 1956 Leonard Monague (1st time) 1956 - 1960 Riley Roote (1st time) 1960 - 1962 Lewis Jackson 1962 - 1964 Riley Roote (2nd time) 1964 - 1966 Leonard Monague (2nd time) 1966 - 1968 Riley Roote (3rd time) 1968 - 1978 Rodney Monague (1st time) 1978 - 1980 Roger Jackson 1980 - 1986 Rodney Monague (2nd time) 1986 - 1988 Bernard B. McCue 1988 - 1990 Rodney Monague (3rd time) 1990 - 1996 B. Jeffrey Monague 1996 - 2000 Paul C. Sandy (1st time) 2000 - 2002 Valerie Monague (f) (1st time) 2002 - 2003 Paul C. Sandy (2nd time) 2003 - 2006 Valerie Monague (f) (2nd time) 2006 - 2010 Rodney A. Monague 2010 - 2016 Roland M. Monague 2016 - 2018 Mary McCue-King (f) 2018 - 2021 Guy Monague2021 - Joanne P. Sandy (f)

Caldwell

c.1835 A remnant of former Chippewas of Point Pelee and possibly Potawatomi emigrants from the U.S. (Caldwell), no treaty, later for a while considered a part of Walpole Island. 1931 - 1938 Caldwell Indian agency. 2020 Reserve set aside for the first time. Chiefsbf.1845 - 1884 William Caldwell (Madwayosh) (d. 1884) 1884 - af.1905 Robert Caldwell bf.1918 - af.1927 Archie Dodge bf.1937 - 1941 Leonard Dodge 1941 - 1975 Vacant 1975 - 1987 Carl Johnson 1987 - 2007 Larry Johnson 2007 - 2018 Louise Hillier (f) 2018 - 2020 Mary F. Duckworth (f)(1st time) 2020 - 2021 Robyn Perkins (f) (acting) 2021 - 2024 Mary F. Duckworth (f)(2nd time) 2024 - Nikki A. Van Oirschot (f)

Chippewas of Georgina Island

[Chippewas of Georgina
Island First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1785 Treaty with the British. 1830 Known as Chippewas of Snake Island, reserve set aside. c.1880 Renamed Chippewas of Georgina Island. 1883 - 1956 Georgina Island (to 1914, Lake Simcoe) Indian agency. 1923 Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed. Chiefsbf.1828 - 1861 Joseph Snake (Kinebigonini) (d. 1861) 1861 - 1869 Simpson Bigsail (d. 1869) 1869 - 1872 George Charles (d. 1872) 1872 - 1875 George McCue 1875 - 1884 Thomas BigCanoe 1884 - 1911 Charles BigCanoe 1911 - 1913 Jacob Charles 1913 - 1929 John E. BigCanoe (d. 1929) 1929 - 1932 James S. York (1st time) 1932 - 1938 Wellington Charles 1939 - 1914 James R. Asquabe 1941 - 1947 James S. York (2nd time) 1947 - 1955 Lorenzo C. BigCanoe 1955 - 1956 Charles L. BigCanoe (1st time) 1956 - 1957 Richard I. Charles 1957 - 1959 John Charles 1959 - 1963 Charles L. BigCanoe (2nd time) 1963 - 1967 Leslie McCue 1967 - 1971 Andrew BigCanoe 1971 - 1981 Hugh BigCanoe 1981 Terrence BigCanoe 1981 - 1989 Angus Scelbe 1989 - 1993 James C. Charles 1993 - 2003 William McCue 200. - 2007 Brett Mooney 2007 - Donna L. BigCanoe (f)

Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point

[Chippewas of Kettle and
Stony Point First Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1919 Separated from Aamjiwnaang (Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point). Chiefs1919 - 1922 Cornelius Shawnoo 1922 - 1928 John J. Milliken 1928 - 1934 Sam Bressette 1934 - 1940 Caleb Shawkence 1940 - 1943 Frank Bressette (1st time) 1943 - 1946 Bruce Milliken 1946 - 1949 Frank Bressette (2nd time) 1949 - 1952 Wilfred Shawkence 1952 - 1954 Frank Bressette (3rd time) 1954 - 1956 Earl Bressette 1956 - 1958 David Bressette 1958 - 1970 Thomas Bressette 1970 - 1976 Charles Shawkence (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Frederick F. Bressette 1978 - 1981 Charles Shawkence (2nd time) 1981 - 1982 Victor H. George 1982 - 1984 Milton L. George 1984 - 1988 Charles K. Shawkence 1988 - 1990 Yvonne Bressette (f) 1990 - 1992 Thomas M. Bressette (1st time) (b. 1955 - d. 2022) 1992 - 1994 Carl George 1994 - 1997 Thomas M. Bressette (2nd time) (s.a.) 1997 - 1998 Irving George 1998 - 2000 Norm Shawnoo 2000 - 2008 Thomas M. Bressette (3rd time) (s.a.) 2008 - 2012 Elisabeth J. Cloud (f) 2012 - 2018 Thomas M. Bressette (4th time) (s.a.) 2018 - 2022 Jason M. Henry2022 - Kimberly D. Bressette (f)

Chippewas of Nawash

[Chippewas of Nawash First
Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1836 Saugeen Peninsula reserve established by treaty. 1854 Reserve divided (Chippewas of Nawash). 1882 - 1958 Cape Croker Indian agency. Head chiefsbf.1833 - 1854 John Thomas Wahbadick (d. 1867) 1854 - 1867 Peter Jones (Kegedonce) (b. 1812 - d. 1910) 1868 - 1893 William Bruce McGregor (b. 1844 - d. 1907) Chiefs 1893 - 1907 William Bruce McGregor (s.a.) 1907 - 1913 Edward Keeshig 1913 - 1922 Charles K. Jones (1st time) 1922 - 1925 John W. Keeshig 1925 - 1934 Charles K. Jones (2nd time) 1934 - 1940 Oliver Johnston 1940 - 1949 Thomas Jones (1st time) (d. 1956) 1949 - 1952 Peter C. Nadjiwon 1952 - 1954 Thomas Jones (2nd time) (s.a.) 1954 - 1956 Arthur Jones 1956 Thomas Jones (3rd time) (s.a.) 1956 - 1958 Joseph Akiwenzie (1st time) 1958 - 1960 John C. Jones (d. 1960) 1960 - 1962 Orville Johnson 1962 - 1964 Vernon Jones 1964 - 1967 Wilmer Nadjiwon (1st time) 1967 - 1968 Joseph Akiwenzie (2nd time) 1968 - 1974 Wilmer Nadjiwon (2nd time) 1974 - 1976 Franklin Solomon (1st time) 1976 - 1977 Wilmer Nadjiwon (3rd time) 1977 - 1983 Franklin Solomon (2nd time) 1983 - 1988 Peter J. Akiwenzie 1988 - 1989 Howard M. Jones 1989 - 2005 Ralph Akiwenzie (1st time) (b. 1946 - d. 2011) 2005 - 2007 Paul Nadjiwan 2007 - 2011 Ralph Akiwenzie (2nd time) (s.a.) 2011 - 2013 Scott Lee 2013 - 2015 Arlene F. Chegahno (f) 2015 - 2021 Gregory P. Nadjiwon(1st time) 2021 - 2023 Veronica L. Smith (f) 2023 - Gregory P. Nadjiwon (2nd time)

Chippewas of Rama

[Chippewas of Rama First
Nation (Ontario, Canada)]

1785 Treaty with the British (Chippewas of Lake Simcoe). 1838 Renamed Chippewas of Rama, reserve set aside. 1883 - 1967 Rama (from 1956, Simcoe) Indian agency. 1923 Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed. 1996 - 2008 Renamed Chippewas of Mnjikaning. 1996 Casino opened. Head chiefsbf.1776 - 1817 Wezaawindibe "Yellow Head" 1817 - 1864 Miskwaaki (b. c.1769 - d. 1864) (from 1828, William Yellowhead) 1864 - 1885 Joseph Benson (Nanigishkung) (d. 1899) Chiefs 1885 - 1896 Joseph Benson (s.a.) 1896 - 1902 John Kenice (d. 1902) 1902 - 1909 Samuel Benson (Nanigishkung) 1909 - 1915 James B. Stinson 1915 – 1933 Alder York (1st time) 1933 – 1936 Samuel Snache 1936 – 1939 Alder York (2nd time) 1939 - 1942 Samuel Williams 1942 - 1945 Wilfred Benson 1945 - 1951 Alder York (3rd time) 1951 – 1954 Gordon R. Douglas 1954 – 1956 Emelius Benson (1st time) 1956 – 1958 George A. Sawyer 1958 – 1962 Irvin J. Douglas (1st time) 1962 – 1964 Emelius Benson (2nd time) 1964 – 1968 Irvin J. Douglas (2nd time) 1968 - 1970 Norman V. Stinson (1st time) 1970 – 1972 Irvin J. Douglas (3rd time) 1972 - 1986 Norman V. Stinson (2nd time) 1986 - 1988 Edward A. Williams 1988 – 1990 Norman V. Stinson (3rd time) 1990 – 1992 George St. Germain 1992 – 1994 Norman V. Stinson (4th time) 1994 - 2000 Lorraine McRae (f) 2000 - 2014 Sharon Stinson-Henry (f) 2014 - 2020 Rodney M. Noganosh 2020 - Edward "Ted" Williams

Chippewas of the Thames

[Chippewas of the Thames
(Ontario, Canada)]

1790 Treaty with the British (Chippewas of the Thames). 1819 Reserve established. 1873 - 1969 Caradoc Indian agency (to 1898, Western Superintendency – 2nd Division). Head chiefsbf.1818 - 1830 Tommago (b. c.1775 - d. 1830) 1830 - 1837 .... 1837 - 1852 John K. Riley (b. 1802 - d. 1852) bf.1864 - 1881 John T. Henry (d. af.1899) First chiefs 1881 - 1884 Joseph Fisher (1st time) (b. 1839 - d. 1911) 1884 - 1888 John T. Henry (s.a.) 1888 - 1895 Joseph Fisher (2nd time) (s.a.) Chiefs 1895 - 1908 Joseph Fisher (s.a.) 1908 - 1911 Samuel French 1911 - 1914 Wilfred Riley 1914 - 1923 George E. Fisher 1923 - 1935 Elijah Burch 1935 - 1945 Joseph Deleary (d. 1945) 1945 - 1950 George French (1st time) 1950 - 1952 Clarence Silver 1952 - 1953 Arletta Silver (f) 1953 - 1961 George French (2nd time) 1961 - 1965 Kenneth Albert 1965 - 1966 George French (3rd time) 1966 - 1973 Harry Miskokomon 1973 - 1977 Vaughan Albert (1st time) 1977 - 1979 Ether E. Deleary (1st time) 1979 - 1981 Terry G. Henry (1st time) 1981 - 1985 Ether E. Deleary (2nd time) 1985 - 1987 Terry G. Henry (2nd time) 1987 - 1989 Ether E. Deleary (3rd time) 1989 - af.1995 Delbert Riley (b. 1941) bf.1997 - 2003 Richard K. "Joe" Miskokomon (1st time) 2003 - 2007 Kelly Riley 2007 - 2009 Vaughan Albert (2nd time) 2009 - 2015 Richard K. "Joe" Miskokomon (2nd time) 2015 - 2017 Leslee A. Whiteye (f) 2017 - 2019 Arnold Henry 2019 - 2023 Jacqueline French (f)2023 - Richard K. "Joe" Miskokomon (3rd time)

Constance Lake

1918 Separated from Albany (English River), under the Treaty No. 9 of 1905. 1944 Renamed Constance Lake. Chiefs1918 - 1921 John Wesley 1921 - 1944 John Faries 1944 - 1947 Abraham Sutherland (1st time) 1947 - 1953 John Sutherland 1953 - 1955 Peter Bird (1st time) 1955 - 1960 George Ferris 1960 - 1962 Abraham Sutherland (2nd time) 1962 - 1964 Jimmy Sutherland 1964 - 1967 Peter Bird (2nd time) 1967 - 1969 Bertie Sutherland 1969 - 1971 Edgar Sutherland (1st time) 1971 - 1975 Peter Bird (3rd time) 1975 - 1977 Edgar Sutherland (2nd time) 1977 - 1984 Bentley Cheechoo 1984 - 1985 Stanley Stephens 1985 - 1989 Edgar Sutherland (3rd time) 1989 - 1990 Tommy Mattinas 1990 - 1993 Mark Spence 1993 - 1995 Stanley Stevens 1995 - af.2000 Raymond Ferris bf.2003 - 2011 Arthur Moore 2011 - 2013 Roger H. Wesley 2013 - 2015 Fred J. Sackenay 2015 - 2021 Richard L. Allen (1st time)2021 - 2023 Ramona W. Sutherland (f) 2023 - Richard L. Allen (2nd time)

Curve Lake

1787 Treaty with the British.1837 Known as Mississaugas of Mud Lake, reserve set aside.1845 Constitution adopted.1923 Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.c.1938 Renamed Curve Lake.Chiefsbf.1830 - 1863 Peter Nogee (d. 1876)1863 - 1887 Joseph Whetung (b. 1817 - d. 1887)1887 - 1907 Joseph Irons1907 - 1910 Joseph Whetung, Jr.1910 - 1913 Alfred McCue1913 - 1943 Daniel E. Whetung1943 - 1951 George H. Coppaway (d. 1951)1952 - 1953 James R. Coppaway1954 - 1962 Elsie M. Knott (f) (1st time) (b. 1922 – d. 1995)1962 - 1970 Dalton Jacobs1970 - 1976 Elsie M. Knott (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)1976 - 1980 Douglas Williams1980 - 1990 Aubrey Coppaway (f)1990 - 1992 Melville W. Jacobs1992 - 1996 Irvin "Keith" Knott (1st time)c.1997 Gary E. Williams2000 - 2012 Irvin "Keith" Knott (2nd time)2012 - 2019 Phyllis Williams (f)2019 - 2022 Emily Whetung-McInnes (f)2022 - Irvin "Keith" Knott (3rd time)

Deer Lake

1985 Separated from Sandy Lake (Deer Lake), under the Treaty No. 5 of 1875. Chiefs1978 - 1980 David Meekis 1980 Abel Rae 1980 - 1982 Gordon Meekis 1982 - 1983 Douglas Meekis 1983 - 1984 Delbert Kakekagumick 1984 - 1986 Saggius Rae 1986 - 1989 Moses Mamakeesic (1st time) 1989 - 1990 Ennis Meekis 1990 - 1992 Fred Meekis 1992 Saulas Rae 1992 - 199. Moses Mamakeesic (2nd time) 1994 - af.1995 Raney Quill bf.1997 - 2009 Royal Meekis 2009 - 2019 Roy D. Meekis 2019 - 2021 Mickie Meekis 2021 - Lenard E. Mawakeesick

Eabametoong


Adopted 1985

1905 Signed the Treaty No. 9 (Fort Hope). 1992 Renamed Eabametoong. Chiefsc.1901 Moonias 190. - 1905 Yesno (d. 1907?) 1905 - 1911 Katchang (d. 1911?) 1911 - 1915 Harry Oaskineegish 1915 - 1929 Papah 1929 - 1944 John Bois 1944 - 1947 Charles Wabano 1947 - 1953 John Boyce 1953 - 1957 Stanley Wabasse 1957 - 1959 Coster Wabasse 1960 - 1962 Edward O'Keese (1st time) 1962 - 1969 Louis Waswa (1st time) 1969 Edward O'Keese (2nd time) 1969 - 1971 Joseph Nate 1971 - 1972 Mathew Yellowhead 1972 - 1973 Louis Waswa (2nd time) 1973 - 1976 Cornelius Nate (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Charlie O'Keese (1st time) 1978 - 1986 Harvey Yesno (1st time) 1986 - 1989 Solomon Atlookan (1st time) 1989 - 1991 Harvey Yesno (2nd time) 1991 - af.1995 Cornelius Nate (2nd time) 199. - 1997 Solomon Atlookan (2nd time) 1997 - af.2001 Cornelius Nate (3rd time) bf.2003 - 2007 Charlie O'Keese (2nd time) 2007 - 2009 Solomon Atlookan (3rd time) 2009 - 2011 Lewis P. Nate 2011 - 2013 Harry G. Papah 2013 - 2019 Elisabeth Atlookan (f) 2019 - 2021 Harvey Yesno (3rd time)2021 - Solomon Atlookan (4th time)

Fort William

1850 Signed the Robinson Superior Treaty (Fort William). 1875 - 1968 Port Arthur Indian agency (to 1898, Northern Superintendency – 4th Division). Chiefsc.1798 Peau de Chat c.1821 Joseph Lapouche Chat c.1828 John L’Illinois (Ininway) (d. 1868) bf.1848 - 1851 Joseph Peau de Chat (b. c.1810 - d. 1851) (also c.1850 principal chief of Lake Superior Chippewa) c.1852 Jacob Wassabe bf.1869 - 1879 William Crow 1880 - 1883 Jean-Baptiste Penaisse (1st time) 1883 - 1886 John Pierre 1886 - 1889 Thomas Bouche (1st time) 1889 - 1892 Andrew Bannon (1st time) 1892 - 1895 Alex Singleton 1895 - 1897 Thomas Bouche (2nd time) 1897 - 1898 Joseph Singleton 1898 - 1904 Moses McCoy (1st time) 1904 - 1907 Jean-Baptiste Penaisse (2nd time) 1907 - 1910 Moses McCoy (2nd time) 1910 - 1913 Henry Scott 1913 - 1915 Luke Bouchie 1915 - 1917 James Louis 1918 - 1921 Peter Louis 1921 - 1924 Frank Pelletier (1st time) 1924 - 1926 Andrew Bannon (2nd time) 1927 - 1930 Alex McCoy 1930 - 1968 Frank Pelletier (2nd time) 1968 - 1970 Louis Pelletier 1970 - 1972 Howard Bannon 1972 - 1979 Leonard Pelletier 1979 - 1980 Leo L. Bannon (1st time) 1980 - 1988 Harvey Charlie 1988 - 1991 Christie Pervais (f) (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Leo L. Bannon (2nd time) 1994 - 1996 Christie Pervais (f) (2nd time) 1996 - 1998 Leo L. Bannon (3rd time) 1998 - 2007 Peter W. Collins (1st time) 2007 - 2009 Harold F. Pelletier 2009 - 2013 Peter W. Collins (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Georjann M. Morriseau (f) 2015 - 2023 Peter W. Collins (3rd time)2023 - Michele B. Solomon (f)

Garden River

1820 British party of Chippewas of Sault Ste. Marie (see Sault Ste. Marie Chippewa, in the U.S.) separated from the U.S. party. 1835 Split into Garden River and Batchewana. 1850 Signed the Robinson Huron Treaty. 1873 - 1972 Sault Ste. Marie Indian agency (to 1898, Northern Superintendency – 3rd Division). Head chiefs1819 - 1835 Joseph Sayer (Nabenaigoching) (b. 1810 - d. 1899) (head chief of Batchewana 1835-1899) 1835 - 1854 Augustus Shingwauk (b. 1773 - d. 1854) (Zhingwaakoons "Little Pine") (first chief of Sault Ste. Marie 1813-1819; also c.1850 principal chief of Lake Huron Chippewa) 1854 - 1890 Augustine Shingwauk (b. 1800 - d. 1890) Chiefs 1891 - 1896 Henry Pequetchene (b. 1811 - d. 1900) 1896 - 1898 Jarvis Augustin Pine (d. 1898) 1898 - 1899 Michael Cadotte 1899 - 1902 George Shingwauk (1st time) (b. 1838 - d. 1923) 1902 - 1903 Charles Cadotte 1903 - 1923 George Shingwauk (2nd time) (s.a.) 1924 - 1931 William E. Pine (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1963) 1931 - 1934 Amable Boissoneau (1st time) 1934 - 1940 William E. Pine (2nd time) (s.a.) 1940 - 1941 Samuel Jones 1941 - 1943 William E. Pine (3rd time) (s.a.) 1943 - 1946 Amable Boissoneau (2nd time) 1946 - 1962 William E. Pine (4th time) (s.a.) 1962 - 1964 Richard Pine (1st time) 1964 - 1968 Jack Wigwaus 1968 - 1972 Richard Pine (2nd time) 1972 - 1974 Noel Jones 1974 - 1988 Ronald Boissoneau (b. 1935 - d. 2000) 1988 - 1990 Dennis W. Jones (1st time) 1990 - 1992 Darrell G. Boissoneau 1992 - 1997 Dennis W. Jones (2nd time) 1997 - 2015 Lyle Sayers 2015 - 2019 Paul Syrette 2019 - 2023 Andy Rickard 2023 - Karen M. Bell (f)

Grassy Narrows

1903 Separated from Wabauskang (Grassy Narrows), under the Treaty No. 3 of 1873. Chiefs1903 – 1929 Band council [2 headmen] 1929 – 1938 Joe Swain 1938 – 1941 Charles Iassens 1941 – 1942 Alexander Fobister (1st time) 1942 – 1948 Edward L. Hyacinthe 1948 – 1950 John Loon 1950 – 1951 Andrew Pierrot (d. 1951) 1952 – 1953 Alexander Fobister (2nd time) 1953 – 1958 Alexander Keewatin 1958 – 1960 Pierre Taypeyejick (1st time) (d. 1971) 1960 – 1962 Edward Hyacinthe 1962 – 1965 Robert Kejick 1965 – 1967 Andrew Keewatin (1st time) 1967 – 1970 Mathew Beaver 1970 William Fobister (1st time) 1970 Arthur Pahpasay 1970 – 1971 Pierre Taypeyejick (2nd time) (s.a.) 1971 – 1972 Gabriel Fobister 1972 – 1973 Arthur Assin 1973 – 1974 Joseph D. Beaver 1974 Tommy Keesick (1st time) 1974 – 1975 Andrew Keewatin (2nd time) 1975 – 1976 William Fobister (2nd time) 1976 Joseph Quoquat 1976 – 1980 Simon R. Fobister (1st time) 1980 – 1981 Tommy Keesick (2nd time) 1981 – 1982 Arnold Pelly (1st time) 1982 Tommy Keesick (3rd time) 1982 – 1984 Steve Fobister (1st time) 1984 – 1986 Arnold Pelly (2nd time) 1986 – 1989 Steve Fobister (2nd time) 1989 – 1992 Raphael Fobister 1992 - af.2006 William Fobister (3rd time) bf.2007 - 2018 Simon R. Fobister (2nd time) 2018 - 2020 Rudy Turtle (1st time) 2020 - 2022 Randy Fobister2022 - 2024 Rudy Turtle (2nd time) 2024 - Sherry S. Ackabee (f)

Hiawatha

1787 Treaty with the British. 1834 Known as Mississaugas of Rice Lake, reserve set aside. 1882 - 1970 Rice Lake (from 1965, Peterborough) Indian agency. 1923 Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed. c.1938 Renamed Hiawatha. Chiefsbf.1826 - 1869 George Paudash (b. 1792 - d. 1869) 1869 - 1892 Mezang George Paudash (b. 1818 - d. 1892) 1892 - 1907 Robert Paudash (d. 1928) 1907 - 1910 Alfred Crowe (1st time) 1910 - 1911 Henry Cowie (1st time) 1911 - 1919 Alfred Crowe (2nd time) 1919 - 1928 George Paudash, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1889 – d. 1969) 1928 - 1932 Henry Cowie (2nd time) 1932 - 1952 George Paudash, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.) 1952 - 1972 Ralph Louckes (1st time) 1972 - 1975 Robert A. Cowie 1975 - 1977 Ralph Louckes (2nd time) 1977 - 1985 Carl F. "Frank" Cowie (1st time) 1985 Paul E. Coppaway 1985 - 1997 Carl F. "Frank" Cowie (2nd time) 1997 - 2007 Gregory L. Cowie (1st time) 2007 - 2011 Laurie Carr (f) (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Sandra Moore (f) 2013 - 2019 Gregory L. Cowie (2nd time) 2019 - Laurie Carr (f) (2nd time)

Kasabonika Lake

1976 Separated from Kitchenuhmaykoosib (Kasabonika Lake), under the Treaty No. 9 of 1905. Chiefs1976 - 1978 Simeon McKay 1978 - 1986 Jeremiah McKay (1st time) 1986 - 1987 Eno C. Anderson 1987 - 1992 Jeremiah McKay (2nd time) 1992 - 1993 Cameron Anderson 1993 - af.1997 Jeremiah McKay (3rd time) bf.2000 - 2010 Gordon D. Anderson (1st time) 2010 - 2012 Harold E. Anderson (1st time) 2012 - 2014 Gordon D. Anderson (2nd time) 2014 - 2020 Harold E. Anderson (2nd time) 2020 - Tom J. Semple

Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug

1929 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 9 of 1905 (Big Trout Lake).1997 Renamed Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug. Chiefs bf.1926 - 1937 Sampson Beardy1937 - 1944 George Winnapetonge1944 - 1947 David Morris1947 - 1953 Jeremiah Sainawap1953 - 1961 Eli Albany (1st time)1961 - 1964 Joseph Morris1964 - 1967 Eli Albany (2nd time)1967 - 1969 Stephen McKay1969 - 1975 Aglace Chapman1975 - 1981 Stanley Sainnawap (1st time)1981 - 1982 Emesiah Beardy1982 - 1988 Gerald McKay1988 - 1990 Levi McKay1990 - af.1995 Stanley Sainnawap (2nd time)c.1997 Jacob Ostamanbf.1998 - 2015 Donald I. Morris (1st time)2015 - 2017 Patrick J. Cutfeet2017 - Donald I. Morris (2nd time)

Lac Seul

1873 Signed the Treaty No. 3 (Lac Seul). 1938 - 1969 Sioux Lookout Indian agency. Chiefs1873 - 1892 Napanayyahgaynum (d. 1892) (John Cromarty) 1893 - 1896 Ackiewance 1896 - 1908 Henry Ackiewance 1908 - 1915 William Ackewance 1915 - 1923 John Ackewance 1923 - 1929 Paul Thomas 1929 - 1935 William Tuckooshequan 1935 - 1941 James Sharpe 1941 - 1950 John Ross 1950 - 1953 Robert Wesley 1953 - 1955 James Angecombe 1955 - 1959 David Angeconeb (1st time) 1959 - 1961 Lawrence Littledeer 1961 - 1964 John Bull 1964 - 1968 Charlie Chisel 1968 - 1972 Frank Quoquat 1972 - 1974 David Angeconeb (2nd time) 1974 - 1978 Raymond Ningewance 1978 - 1980 David Lac Seul 1980 - 1983 Percy Ningewance 1983 - 1988 Thomas Petewayay 1988 - 1990 Roger Bull 1990 - af.1992 Roger Southwind 1994 - 1998 Roy Carpenter c.2000 Leroy Quoquat bf.2004 - 2006 David Gordon 2006 - 2018 E. Clifford Bull (1st time) 2018 - 2020 Ernest Maud 2020 - E. Clifford Bull (2nd time)

M’Chigeeng

1862 Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided (West Bay). 1997/99 Renamed M’Chigeeng. Chiefs1862 - af.1863 Louis Debassige (Taibossegai) (b. c.1836 - d. 18..) 186. - 1872 Bemigwaneshkang (1st time) (d. 1881) 1872 - 1874 Simon Penessiwabi 1874 - 1881 Bemigwaneshkang (2nd time) (s.a.) 1881 - 1890 Joseph Naiwotaikeshick (d. 1890) 1891 - 1895 Naiwotaikeshick 1895 - 1898 Raphael Wabange 1898 - 1907 John Abens 1907 - 1910 John Ace 1910 - 1911 Alex J. Wabange 1911 - 1914 Peter Ace 1914 - 1920 Michael Roy (d. 1920) 1920 - 1923 Joseph P. Debassige (1st time) 1923 - 1926 John Trout 1926 - 1935 Joseph P. Debassige (2nd time) 1935 - 1944 Isaac Bebamash (1st time) 1944 - 1947 Dominic Migwans (d. 1956) 1947 - 1950 Isaac Bebamash (2nd time) 1950 - 1953 Lazare Debassige 1953 - 1955 David Migwans 1955 - 1957 Isaac Bebamash (3rd time) 1957 - 1959 Andrew Debassige 1959 - 1969 Augustine Debassige 1969 - 1979 James D. Debassige (1st time) 1979 - 1985 Joseph F. Hare (1st time) 1985 - 1987 James D. Debassige (2nd time) 1987 - 1989 Joseph F. Hare (2nd time) 1989 - 1991 Steward Roy 1991 - 1993 Joseph F. Hare (3rd time) 1993 - af.2005 Glen Hare 200. - 2007 Joseph F. Hare (4th time) 2007 - 2009 Isadora Bebamash (f) 2009 - 2015 Joseph F. Hare (5th time) 2015 - 2023 Linda Debassige (f) 2023 - Morgan F. Hare

Mishkeegogamang

Adopted 1986

1905 Signed the Treaty No. 9 (Osnaburgh). 1993 Renamed Mishkeegogamang. Chiefsbf.1901 - 1908 Daniel Missabay (d. 1908) 1908 - 1914 George Wawaashkung (1st time) 1914 - 1915 Keewaykeesicquayosh 1915 - 1916 George Wawaashkung (2nd time) 1916 - 1923 John Skunk 1923 - 1926 Peter Moquano (1st time) 1926 - 1929 James Ruben 1929 - 1935 John Carpenter 1935 - 1938 Peter Moquano (2nd time) 1938 - 1941 William S. Oombash 1941 - 1965 James Masakeyash (1st time) 1965 - 1967 Levius Wesley 1967 - 1969 James Masakeyash (2nd time) 1969 - 1971 Sam Skunk 1971 - 1975 Robert Lastheels 1975 - 1977 Daniel Panacheese 1977 - 1978 Maurice Loon (1st time) 1978 - 1981 Aloysius Kaminaiwash 1981 - 1983 Roy Kaminaiwash (1st time) 1983 - 1985 Maurice Loon (2nd time) 1985 - 1993 Roy Kaminaiwash (2nd time) 1993 - 2006 Ronald Roundhead 2006 - 2017 Connie Gray-McKay (f) 2017 - 2023 David Masakeyash 2023 - Merle M. Loon

Mississaugas of the Credit


Former Flag


Current Flag

1784 Treaty with the British (Mississaugas of the Credit).1805 Reserve set aside.1830 Constitution (By-laws and Regulations) adopted.1847 Relocated to the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve (in 1903 purchased part of the reserve, known as New Credit).1888 - 1938 New Credit (1892-1915 Hagersville) Indian agency. 8 Jan 2019 Name the Mississaugas of the Credit (and not "New Credit") confirmed.

Head chiefsbf.1784 - 1796 Wabakinine (d. 1796)1797 - 1812 Ginew-bine "Golden Eagle" (d. 1812)1812 - 1829 Ajetance (d. 1829) (from 1826, James Ajetance) 1829 - 1862 Joseph Sawyer (b. 1786 – d. 1863)1862 - 1870 David Sawyer (b. 1812 – d. 1889)Chiefs1870 - 1874 George King (b. 1815 - d. 1874)1874 - 1877 Peter Edmund Jones (1st time) (b. 1843 – d. 1909)1877 - 1880 David Sawyer (s.a.)1880 - 1886 Peter Edmund Jones (2nd time) (s.a.)Chief councilors (leaders of municipal style council)1886 - 1889 James A. Wood (1st time)1889 - 1891 Charles M. Herchimer1891 - 1898 Daniel M. McDougall (1st time)1898 - 1901 Joseph Henry1901 - 1902 Daniel M. McDougall (2nd time)1902 - 1903 William King1903 - 1904 George J. King (1st time)1904 - 1905 John W. McDougall (1st time)1905 - 1906 Charles W. Sault (1st time)1906 - 1907 Daniel M. McDougall (3rd time)1907 - 1908 James A. Wood (2nd time)1908 - 1909 David K. Herkimer1909 - 1910 John W. McDougall (2nd time)1910 - 1911 James A. Wood (3rd time)1911 - 1912 William H. Sterling1912 - 1913 William N. Elliott1913 - 1914 George J. King (2nd time)1914 - 1915 Francis L. King (1st time)1915 - 1916 George J. King (3rd time)1916 - 1919 Francis L. King (2nd time)1919 - 1920 Charles W. Sault (2nd time)1920 - 1921 David W. Laform (1st time)1921 - 1922 Alfred Henry (1st time)1922 - 1923 Charles W. Sault (3rd time)1923 - 1924 David W. Laform (2nd time)1924 - 1925 Francis L. King (3rd time)1925 - 1925 Alfred King (1st time)1926 - 1927 Osborne King1927 - 1928 David W. Laform (3rd time)1928 - 1929 Alfred Henry (2nd time)1929 - 1930 David W. Laform (4th time)1930 - 1931 Alfred King (2nd time)1931 - 1932 J. Wesley Laform (1st time)1932 - 1933 David W. Laform (5th time)1933 - 1935 John Crain1935 - 1936 Charles W. Sault (4th time)1936 - 1937 John Herkimer1937 - 1938 Francis L. King (4th time)1938 - 1939 Wilfred B. King1939 - 1941 Francis L. King (5th time)1941 - 1942 J. Wesley Laform (2nd time)1942 - 1943 Francis L. King (6th time)1943 - 1944 Sylvester Laforme (1st time)1944 - 1946 Francis L. King (7th time)1946 - 1948 Albert W. Crain1948 - 1950 Sylvester Laforme (2nd time)1950 - 1952 Maurice LaformeChiefs1952 - 1959 Frederick W. King (1st time) (b. 1930 – d. 1998)1959 - 1961 Graham W. King1961 - 1969 Frederick W. King (2nd time) (s.a.)1969 - 1973 Frank J. Laforme (1st time)1973 - 1975 Frederick W. King (3rd time) (s.a.)1975 - 1977 Frank J. Laforme (2nd time) 1977 - 1981 Frederick W. King (4th time) (s.a.)1981 - 1985 Frank J. Laforme (3rd time)1985 - 1987 Frederick W. King (5th time) (s.a.)1987 - 1993 Maurice B. Laforme1993 - 1997 Larry Sault1997 - 1999 Carolyn King (f)1999 - 2001 Daniel LaForme2001 - 2015 M. Bryan LaForme (b. 1945)2015 - 2023 R. Stacey LaForme 2023 - Claire Y. Sault (f)

Mississaugas of Scugog Island


Flag to 2019


Adopted 2019

1788 Treaty with the British.1843 Known as Mississaugas of Scugog Island, reserve set aside.1882 - 1948 Scugog Indian agency.1923 Williams Treaty with Canada, reserve confirmed.2007 Casino opened. Chiefsbf.1828 - 1861 Jacob Crane (d. 1861)1862 - 1893 John Johnson (d. 1893)1893 - 1897 Isaac Johnson (1st time)1898 - 1901 George Goose1901 - 1920 Isaac Johnson (2nd time)1920 - 1923 David Elliot1923 - 1931 Thomas Marsden (d. 1931)1931 - 1941 Charles F. Marsden1941 - 1944 Arnold Goose1944 - 1955 Edwin Edgar1955 - 1959 Ernest Edgar1959 - 1963 Ronald Edgar (1st time)1963 - 1967 John Edgar1967 - 1969 Ronald Edgar (2nd time)1969 - 1971 George G. Edgar1971 - 1983 Arnold Goose, Jr.1983 - 1993 Yvonne Edgar (f)1993 - 1997 Gary Edgar1997 - 2001 Rennie B. Goose2001 - 2013 Tracy L. Gauthier (f)2013 - Kelly LaRocca (f) (b. 1975)

Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte

1784 Settlement (Bay of Quinte) by the pro-British Mohawk emigrants (1777 – 1784 temporarily settled at Lachine near Montreal) of the Six Nations confederacy from New York State, in the U.S. (for the Six Nations confederacy in the U.S., see under Onondaga). 1793 Formal British land grant by the treaty. 1835 Tyendinaga Reserve (from the 1980's, referred also to as the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory) organized. 1874 Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte Band Council imposed by Canada, the Council of Chiefs continued to at least 1919 with no recognition by Canada. 1882 – 1970 Tyendinaga Indian agency. Chiefsc.1784 - 1874 Council of Chiefs [4-5 lineages of life chiefs] 1874 – 1888 Sampson Green (1st time) (b. 1842 - d. 1923) 1888 – 1894 Jacob B. Brant 1894 – 1897 Sampson Green (2nd time) (s.a.) 1897 – 1901 Daniel H. Maracle 1901 – 1903 Andrew Maracle 1903 – 1906 Sampson Green (3rd time) (s.a.) 1906 – 1907 Acland H. Oronhyatekha (b. 1869 - d. 1907) 1907 – 1909 Joseph J. Hill 1909 – 1912 Thomas Hill 1912 – 1915 Josiah W. Brant (1st time) 1915 – 1918 Isaac Claus 1918 – 1921 Josiah W. Brant (2nd time) 1921 – 1924 John W. Maracle 1924 – 1927 Peter J. Brant 1927 – 1930 Stephen Maracle 1930 – 1933 David H. Barnhart 1933 – 1936 Francis John 1936 – 1939 Clinton Maracle 1939 – 1940 Frank Claus 1940 – 1941 Harry M. Hill 1941 – 1942 John A. Brant 1942 – 1945 Clifford Maracle 1945 – 1951 Nelson Green (1st time) 1951 – 1953 Robert M. Hill (1st time) 1953 – 1955 Nelson Green (2nd time) 1955 – 1959 William I. Hill 1959 – 1963 Robert M. Hill (2nd time) 1963 – 1967 John R. Brant 1967 – 1973 Earl R. Hill (1st time) 1973 – 1977 William J. Brant 1977 – 1979 Donald R. Brant 1979 – 1993 Earl R. Hill (2nd time) 1993 - R. Donald Maracle

Moose Cree

1905 Signed the Treaty No. 9 (Moose Factory). 1993/95 Renamed Moose Cree First Nation. Chiefs1905 - 1909 Frederick Mark 1909 - 1912 Alfred Chum 1912 - 1921 Richard Wamestigoosh (1st time)(d. 1927) 1921 – 1925 B. Achimist 1925 – 1927 Richard Wamestigoosh (2nd time)(s.a.) 1927 – 1933 John Fletcher (1st time) 1933 – 1939 Angus Cheechoo (1st time) 1939 – 1948 John Fletcher (2nd time) 1948 – 1951 Gilbert Faries 1951 – 1954 Munroe Linklater (1st time) 1954 – 1956 Angus Cheechoo (2nd time) 1956 – 1958 Lawrence Cheechoo (1st time) 1958 – 1962 John Jeffries 1962 – 1963 Lawrence Cheechoo (2nd time) 1963 – 1966 Oliver Rickard 1966 – 1968 Billy Faries 1968 – 1970 Andrew Rickard 1970 – 1972 Lawrence Cheechoo (3rd time) 1972 – 1974 Robert Vincent 1974 – 1976 Sinclair Cheechoo 1976 – 1980 Munroe Linklater (2nd time) 1980 – 1982 David Fletcher 1982 – 1984 Ernest Rickard 1984 – 1988 Ernie T. Sutherland 1988 – 1990 Fred Wapachee 1990 – 1992 Norman F. Wesley 1992 – 2000 Ernest C. Beck 2000 – 2005 Norman G. Hardisty (1st time) 2005 – 2008 Patricia A. Faries-Akiwenzie (f) (1st time) 2008 - 2016 Norman G. Hardisty (1st time) 2016 - 2020 Patricia A. Faries-Akiwenzie (f) (2nd time) 2020 - 2023 Marven Cheechoo 2023 - William P. Wesley

Moose Deer Point


Former Flag


Current Flag

1835 Arrived from the U.S., formerly part of the Huron Potawatomi (see under Nottawaseppi Huron, in the U.S.), settled on the Saugeen Peninsula reserve (see Chippewas of Nawash), later on the Christian Island (see Beausoleil). 1917 Reserve set aside (Moose Deer Point), no treaty. Chiefs1917 - 19.. John King (b. c.1856 – d. 19..) bf.1921 - af.1932 Samuel Isaac bf.1955 - 1957 Arthur Sandy 1957 - 1961 Nelson Isaac 1961 - 1973 Norman Williams 1973 - 1975 Terrance A. Sandy (d. 1993) 1975 - 1979 Ralph King (1st time) 1979 - 1981 Beatrice Sandy (f) 1981 - 1983 Ralph King (2nd time) 1983 - 1993 J. Edward Williams (1st time) 1993 - 1995 Laird Hendricks 1995 - 2007 J. Edward Williams (2nd time) 2007 - 2021 Barron F. King 2021 - Rhonda A. Williams (f)

Moravian of the Thames


Former Flag


Current Flag

1793 Arrived from the U.S. (Moravian of the Thames), formerly part of Delaware (see Delaware Tribe, in the U.S.), reserve set aside (no treaty). 1874 - 1961 Moravian Indian agency (to 1898, Western Superintendency – 3rd Division). Head chiefsc.1847? Timothy Snake (d. 1869) bf.1865 - 1870 Philip Jacobs (b. c.1808 - d. 1870) Chiefs 1870 - 1871 Frederick Jacobs 1871 - 1883 Christopher M. Stonefish (1st time) 1883 - 1886 John Lewis (1st time) 1886 - 1889 Christopher M. Stonefish (2nd time) 1889 - 1892 John Lewis (2nd time) 1892 - 1898 Albert Tobias 1898 - 1904 Christopher M. Stonefish (3rd time) 1904 - 1913 Walter Tobias 1913 - 1919 Washington Jacobs 1919 - 1922 Emerson Snake 1922 - 1925 Archie Peters 1925 - 1937 Fred Stonefish 1937 - 1943 Barney Logan 1943 - 1949 Walker Stonefish 1949 - 1952 Omer Peters (1st time) 1952 - 1954 Chephas W. Snake 1954 - 1956 Bert Noah 1956 - 1962 Omer Peters (2nd time) 1962 - 1964 John Peters (1st time) 1964 - 1965 Omer Peters (3rd time) 1965 - 1968 John Peters (2nd time) 1968 - 1972 Richard Snake (1st time) 1972 - 1973 John Peters (3rd time) 1973 - 1977 Richard Snake (2nd time) 1977 - 1979 Pliney Stonefish 1979 Richard Snake (3rd time) 1979 - 1983 John Peters (4th time) 1983 - 1993 Richard Snake (4th time) 1993 - af.1997 Phillip Snake bf.1999 - 2005 Leighton Hopkins 2005 - 2007 John L. Stonefish 2007 - 2017 Gregory C. Peters 2017 - 2023 Denise Stonefish (f) 2023 - Justin J. Logan

Munsee-Delaware

1783 Arrived from the U.S. (Munceys of the Thames), formerly part of Delaware (see Delaware Tribe, in the U.S.), no treaty 1819 Settled on the Chippewas of the Thames reserve (in 1840 purchased part of the reserve). 1989 Renamed Munsee-Delaware Nation. Chiefsc.1835 "Old Logan" bf.1860 - 1875 William J. Waddilove (1st time) 1875 - 1878 Isaac Dolson 1878 - 1884 William J. Waddilove (2nd time) 1884 - 1887 Scobie Logan (1st time) (b. 1836 – d. 1901) 1887 - 1890 William J. Waddilove (3rd time) 1890 - 1896 Scobie Logan (2nd time) (s.a.) 1896 - 1899 James P. Wolfe 1899 - 1905 Charles Timothy 1905 - 1908 Silas Logan 1908 - 1911 Cornelius J. Logan (1st time) 1911 - 1917 John L. Case 1917 - 1920 Samuel John 1920 - 1932 Cornelius J. Logan (2nd time) 1932 - 1938 George Nicholas 1938 Joseph Henry 1938 - 1941 James Waddilove (1st time) 1941 - 1943 William B. Dolson (1st time) 1943 - 1944 Walker Stonefish 1944 - 1947 Daniel Dolson 1947 - 1949 James Waddilove (2nd time) 1949 - 1957 William B. Dolson (2nd time) 1957 - 1964 Willis Logan 1964 - 1970 William B. Dolson (3rd time) 1970 Lloyd Nicholas 1970 - 1974 William B. Dolson (4th time) 1974 - 1977 Leo Nicholas 1977 - 1982 Leslie Dolson 1982 - 1984 Linwood Nicholas 1984 - af.1997 Leroy D. Dolson c.2002 Mark Peters (1st time) bf.2006 - 2013 Patrick Waddilove 2013 - 2020 Roger Thomas (1st time) 2020 - 2022 Mark Peters (2nd time) 2022 - Roger Thomas (2nd time)

Nipissing

1850 Signed the Robinson Huron Treaty (Nipissing). 1904 - 1967 Nipissing (to 1948, Sturgeon Falls) Indian agency. Chiefs c.1850 Shabokishickbf.1874 - 1888 Jacob Cochai (d. 1888) 1889 - 1904 Semo Commanda 1904 - 1910 Louis Beaucage (1st time) 1910 - 1913 Paul Commanda 1913 - 1916 Angus Shabageshic 1916 - 1919 Ernest Cochais (1st time) 1919 - 1925 Charles Goulais 1925 - 1928 Louis Beaucage (2nd time) 1928 - 1931 Ernest Cochai (2nd time) 1931 - 1937 John Ojeck 1937 - 1940 Alex Goulais (1st time) 1940 - 1943 Ernest Cochais (3rd time) 1943 - 1946 Gabriel Anishnabie 1946 - 1949 Bernard Commanda (d. 1949) 1949 - 1952 Alex Goulais (2nd time) 1952 - 1958 Ernest Cochais (4th time) 1958 - 1962 Emery McLeod 1962 - 1967 Theodore Commanda (d. 1967) 1967 - 1968 Fred McLeod (1st time) 1968 - 1970 Fred Commanda 1970 - 1972 Fred McLeod (2nd time) 1972 - 1978 Paul Goulais 1978 - 1992 Phillip Goulais (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Gerald Beaucage 1994 - 2003 Margaret M. Penasse-Mayer (f) 2003 - 2006 Phillip Goulais (2nd time) 2006 - 2015 Marianna Couchie (f) 2015 - 2024 Scott McLeod2024 - Cathy A. Bellefeuille (f)

Oneida of the Thames

1840 Arrived from the U.S. (Oneida of the Thames), formerly part of Oneida (see Oneida of New York, in the U.S.), reserve set aside (no treaty). 1992 - c.1998 Renamed Onyota’a:ka. c.1998 Renamed Oneida Nation of the Thames. Chiefs1840 - 1931 Council of Chiefs [9 lineages of life chiefs, title: Lotiyanele’] 1931 - 1934 Isaac Summers 1934 - 1937 Enoch Hill 1937 - 1941 Patterson Cornelius 1941 - 1945 Lehigh Cornelius 1945 - 1946 Fred Powless 1946 - 1952 Cornelius Day 1952 - 1958 Manson Ireland 1958 - 1966 George Hill (1st time) 1966 - 1968 Virginia Summers (f) 1968 - 1970 George Hill (2nd time) 1970 - 1972 Wilbert Smith 1972 - 1976 James Ireland 1976 - 1980 Harry E. Doxtator (1st time) 1980 George Hill (3rd time) 1980 - 1982 Harry E. Doxtator (2nd time) 1982 - 1988 Alfred L. Day (1st time) 1988 - 1990 Charles Cornelius 1990 - 1994 Alfred L. Day (2nd time) 1994 - 1996 Harry E. Doxtator (3rd time) 1996 - 1998 Kevin A. Doxtator 1998 - 2004 Harry E. Doxtator (4th time) 2004 - 2007 Randall Phillips (1st time) 2007 - 2014 Joel W. Abram 2014 - 2016 Sheri L. Doxtator (f) 2016 - 2018 Randall Phillips (2nd time) 2018 - 2020 Jessica Hill (f) 2020 - 2022 Adrian Chrisjohn2022 - Todd Cornelius

Pikangikum

1909 Separated from Berens River (Pekangekum), under the Treaty No. 5 of 1875. 1938 Spelling changed to Pikangikum. Chiefs1909 – 1926 Band council [2 headmen] 1926 - 1950 John Suggashie 1950 - 1954 Paul Quill 1954 - 1959 Daniel Peters 1959 - 1965 David Strang (1st time) 1965 - 1967 William Keeper 1967 - 1969 David Strang (2nd time) 1969 - 1971 Norman Quill (1st time) 1971 - 1973 Benjamin Quill (1st time) 1973 - 1974 Norman Quill (2nd time) 1974 - 1977 Benjamin Quill (2nd time) 1977 David Strang (3rd time) 1977 - 1978 Banjamin Quill (3rd time) 1978 - 1979 David Strang (4th time) 1979 - 1980 James Strang 1980 - 1981 John J. Suggashie (1st time) 1981 - 1983 John T. Strang 1983 John J. Suggashie (2nd time) 1983 – 1988 Charlie Peters 1988 – 1989 Alex Peters (1st time) 1989 John J. Suggashie (3rd time) 1989 - 1990 Paddy B. Peters (1st time) 1990 Patrick Owen 1990 - 1991 John J. Suggashie (4th time) 1991 Alvin Owen 1991 Gary M. Owen 1991 Peter Quill (1st time) 1991 - af.1992 Alex Strang c.1994 Gordon Peters (1st time) c.1995 Alex Peters (2nd time) c.1996 Jonah Strang (1st time) c.1997 Paddy B. Peters (2nd time) 1999 - 2000 Paddy B. Peters (3rd time) 2000 - 2001 Peter Quill (2nd time) 2001 - 2002 Louis Quill 2002 - 2003 Peter Quill (3rd time) 2003 - 2004 Paddy B. Peters (4th time) 2004 - 2005 Alex Peters (3rd time) 2005 - 2006 Dean R. Owen (1st time) 2006 - 2007 Charles Pascal 2007 - 2008 Dean R. Owen (2nd time) 2008 - 2009 Gordon Peters (2nd time) 2009 - 2012 Jonah Strang (2nd time) 2012 - 2013 Dean R. Owen (3rd time) 2013 - 2015 Paddy B. Peters (5th time) 2015 - 2019 Dean R. Owen (4th time) 2019 - 2020 Amanda Sainnawap (f) 2020 - 2022 Dean R. Owen (5th time) 2022 - 2025 Shirley L. Keeper (f) 2025 - Paddy B. Peters (6th time)

Sagamok Anishinawbek

1850 Signed the Robinson Huron Treaty (Spanish River). 1878 - 1935 Divided into bands No.1-No.3 (No.2 and No.3 were small absentee bands). 1992 Renamed Sagamok Anishinawbek. Chiefs (1878-1935 chiefs of band No.1)c.1823 L'Espagnol (b. 178. - d. 18..) c.1836 Frise (Spaniard) c.1850 Nahquiagahbow bf.1857 - 1870 Shaimahgah (d. 1870) 1870 - 1876 Shaiwabigah (d. 1876) 1876 - 1884 Oningegun (d. 1884) 1884 - 1898 Mayousaykezhik 1898 - 1904 Kaibaiossai Shamahgun 1904 - 1907 Abitang 1907 - 1911 Charles Omissijig 1911 - 1913 Frank Geigwetch (1st time) 1913 - 1917 Joe Bob (Misquanoquette) 1917 - 1920 John Mayousakizhik 1920 - 1932 Louis Solomon 1932 - 1935 Frank Geigwetch (2nd time) 1935 - 1941 William A. Toulouse 1941 - 1944 William Bob 1944 - 1950 Arthur Jones 1950 - 1962 Victor Bennett (1st time) 1962 - 1964 Douglas Sissenah 1964 - 1966 Victor Bennett (2nd time) 1966 - 1968 Richard Nahmawin 1968 - 1980 Wilfred Owl (1st time) 1980 - 1984 Christopher Owl 1984 - 1990 Harvey Trudeau 1990 - 1992 Nelson Toulouse 1992 - 1994 Wilfred Owl (2nd time) 1994 - 2005 Angus Toulouse (1st time) 2005 - 2018 Paul Eshkakogan 2018 - 2020 William Toulouse 2020 - 2022 Alex Ozawanimke2022 - Angus Toulouse (2nd time)

Sandy Lake

1910 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Deer Lake). 1985 Renamed Sandy Lake (name Deer Lake passed to a newly separated band). Chiefs1891 - 1907 Jack Fiddler (b. c.1839 - d. 1907) 1907 - 1939 Robert Fiddler (d. 1939) 1939 - 1963 Thomas Fiddler (1st time) 1963 - 1965 Walter Kakepetum 1965 - 1968 Thomas Fiddler (2nd time) 1968 - 1969 Stanley Fiddler 1969 - 1970 St. John Kakegamick 1970 - 1976 Jacob Fiddler 1976 - 1979 Saul Fiddler (1st time) 1979 - 1980 Andrew Kakepetum (1st time) 1980 - 1982 Saul Fiddler (2nd time) 1982 - 1983 Andrew Kakepetum (2nd time) 1983 - 1987 Josias Fiddler 1987 - 1992 Jonas Fiddler 1992 - 1997 E. Eli Sawanas (1st time) 1997 - 1998 Pardemus Anishinabie (1st time) 1998 - 2000 E. Eli Sawanas (2nd time) 2000 - 2002 Ennis Fiddler 2002 - 2006 Rusty Fiddler 2006 - 2008 Pardemus Anishinabie (2nd time) 2008 - 2012 Adam F. Fiddler 2012 - 2018 Bartholomew Meekis 2018 - Delores Kakegamic (f)

Saugeen

1854 Saugeen Peninsula reserve (see under Chippewas of Nawash) divided (Saugeen). 1882 - 1970 Saugeen (from 1958, Bruce) Indian agency. Chiefsbf.1836 - 1850/54 Jacob Metigwob 1850/54 - 1876 John Kadahgegwon (b. 1805 - d. 1888) 1876 - 1889 Henry H. Madwayosh (b. 1810 - d. 1892) 1889 - 1898 John George 1898 - 1905 Thomas S. Mandowoab (1st time) 1905 - 1910 Henry W. Madwayosh 1910 - 1917 Thomas S. Mandowoab (2nd time) 1917 - 1919 Jesse Roote 1919 - 1925 Thomas S. Mandowoab (3rd time) 1925 - 1946 Andrew Ritchie 1946 - 1949 Paul Kewagishig 1949 - 1953 Alfred Thompson (1st time) 1953 - 1958 Alex Roote (d. 1967) 1958 - 1962 Alfred Thompson (2nd time) 1962 - 1964 William Wesley 1964 - 1968 Alfred Thompson (3rd time) 1968 - 1974 James Mason (1st time) 1974 - 1975 Vernon Roote (1st time) 1975 - 1985 James Mason (2nd time) (d. 1985) 1985 - 1991 Vernon Roote (2nd time) 1991 - 1997 Richard Kahgee bf.2000 - 2004 Randall Roote 2004 - 2006 Vernon Roote (3rd time) 2006 - 2014 Randall Kahgee 2014 - 2016 Vernon Roote (4th time) 2016 - 2022 Lester Anoquot2022 - Timothy L. Ritchie

Sheguiandah

1850 Signed the Robinson Huron Treaty (French River), but later relocated from mainland to the Manitoulin Island. 1862 Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided (Sheguiandah). Chiefs1850 - 1879 Mizhequongi (b. c.1806 – d. 1879) 1879 - 1881 Edowekezis (d. 1881) 1882 - 1883 John Nowgahbow 1883 - 1891 A. Manitowassing 1891 - 1899 William Ogemah (d. 1899) 1899 - 1907 James Piahbewosh (1st time) 1907 - 1910 Wilson Gaikezheyongai 1910 - 1912 John Waindubence (d. 1912) 1912 - 1922 James Piahbewosh (2nd time) 1922 - 1925 John Makedebin 1925 - 1934 William Waindubence (1st time) 1934 - 1940 Francis Mininishkotewe (1st time) 1940 - 1943 Alex Nahwegizhig 1943 - 1946 Solomon Waindubence 1946 - 1953 Wiliam Gaikezheyongai 1953 - 1955 Albert Kagasheyongai 1955 - 1959 Francis Mininishkotewe (2nd time) 1959 - 1961 William Waindubence (2nd time) 1961 - 1967 Fred Shawanda 1967 - 1970 William Waindubence (3rd time) 1970 - 1989 Norman Aguonie 1989 - 1991 Maxie Assinewai (f) 1991 - 2001 Richard Shawanda (1st time) 2001 - 2003 .... 2003 - 2009 Georgina Thompson (f) 2009 - 2013 Orville Aguonie 2013 - 2015 Richard Shawanda (2nd time) 2015 - 2021 Andrew Aguonie2021 - 2023 Elvis J. Mishibinijima 2023 - Jason R. Aguonie

Sheshegwaning

1862 Manitoulin Island reserve (see under Wikwemikong) divided (Sheshegwaning). 1898 - 1938 Gore Bay Indian agency. Speaker of chiefs of the Manitoulin Island (title Ogimaa-Giigido)186. - 1862 Sampson Assiginack (Edowishkosh)(b. c.1835 – d. 1882) Chiefs 1862 - 1882 Sampson Assiginack (s.a.) 1882 - 1892 John Sampson (Edowishkosh) 1892 - 1895 Simon Pinessiwabe 1895 - 1898 Lewis Cada 1898 - 1901 John Negenewenah (1st time) 1901 - 1904 Peter Negomekezhik 1904 - 1907 Francis Showanoshi 1907 - 1911 Joseph Sampson (Edowishkosh) 1911 - 1913 John Negenewenah (2nd time) 1913 - 1919 Wilson Sampson (Edowishkosh) (1st time) 1919 - 1922 Frank Cada 1922 - 1925 Wilson Sampson (2nd time) 1925 - 1931 Noel Dominic (1st time) 1931 - 1934 Joseph Neoss 1934 - 1938 Raphael Negawinina 1938 - 1941 Daniel Sampson (1st time) 1941 - 1947 Thomas Simon 1947 - 1950 Levi Wabegijik 1950 - 1957 Noel Dominic (2nd time) 1957 - 1964 Theodore Simon (d. 1964) 1964 - 1965 Daniel Sampson (2nd time) 1965 - 1967 Noel Dominic (3rd time) 1967 - 1969 Angus Cada 1969 - 1977 Lloyd Sampson 1977 - 1987 William Antoine 1987 - 1989 Elisabeth Laford (f) (1st time) 1989 - 1993 Joseph Endanawas (1st time) 1993 - af.2002 Albert Cada-Neganiwina bf.2006 - 2007 Leonard Genereux 2007 - 2009 Elizabeth Laford (f) (2nd time) 2009 - 2015 Joseph Endanawas (2nd time) 2015 - 2021 Dean J. Roy 2021 - Alana E. Endanawas (f)

Six Nations of the Grand River

WIroquois Six Nations Flag

1784 Settlement (Grand River) by the pro-British emigrants (majority Mohawk and Cayuga) of the Six Nations confederacy (in Mohawk: Rotinonshonni"Longhouse People") from New York State, in U.S. (see also Cayuga, Oneida of New York, Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscarora; in the U.S.), governed by the Great Council of the confederacy (50 lineages of titled/named life chiefs of five original nations, added by non-voting chiefs of Tuscarora and of three allied nations: Delaware [separated from Delaware Tribe, in the U.S.], Nanticoke, Tutelo [latter two extinctrespectively by c.1900 and c.1850]). 1792 – 1969 Six Nations (1832 - 1891, Grand River) Indian Superintendency established. 1793 Formal British patent to the land grant issued to the Six Nations. 1847 Six Nations Reserve (from 1988, referred also to as the Six Nations of the Grand River Territory) organized; the Councils of Chiefs of the individual nations abolished. 1900 Official publication of the oral constitution of the Six Nations confederacy (in Mohawk:Kaianere’ko:wa["Great Peace"]), the first time written down in 1880. Mar 1924 Six Nations unsuccessfully apply for the membership in the League of Nations (under the name of the "Hodenosaunee Confederation of the Grand River"). 22 Oct 1924 Six Nations of the Grand River Band Council imposed by Canada (the Council is single government of 13 separate bands: Bay of Quinte Mohawk, Bearfoot Onondaga, Delaware, Konadaha Seneca, Lower Cayuga, Lower Mohawk, Ninarondasa Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga Clear Sky, Tuscarora, Upper Cayuga, Upper Mohawk, Walker Mohawk); the Confederacy Council continues (to the late 20th century in opposition) with no recognition by Canada. 5 Mar 1959 - 13 Mar 1959 Confederacy chiefs take over the reserve, declare the elected Band Council dissolved. 24 Jun 1970 - 10 Jul 1970 Supporters of the Confederacy chiefs seize the Council House, following the Iroquois Declaration of Independence of Nov 1969.

First Chiefs of Onondaga(by precedence; title/name:Thadoda:ho;ceremonial chair of the Great Council) bf.1812 - af.1858 Rawenerse "The Echo" 1870 - 1904 Nicholas Gibson (d. 1904) 1904 - 1961 Joseph Logan, Sr. (b. 1878 - d. 1961) (from 1924, not recognized by Canada; lastThadoda:hoin Canada) Chief Councillors(leaders of municipal style council)22 Oct 1924 - 5 Nov 1925 Hilton M. Hill 5 Nov 1925 - 3 Nov 1927 Archie Russell 3 Nov 1927 – 2 Nov 1933 Frank Miller (1st time) 2 Nov 1933 – 1 Nov 1934 William Smith (1st time) 1 Nov 1934 – 7 Nov 1935 Frank Miller (2nd time) 7 Nov 1935 – 5 Nov 1936 William Smith (2nd time) 5 Nov 1936 - 2 Nov 1939 Frank Miller (3rd time) 2 Nov 1939 - 7 Nov 1940 Edward P. Garlow (1st time) 7 Nov 1940 - 1 Nov 1945 Frank Miller (4th time) 1 Nov 1945 - 7 Nov 1946 Frederick J. Hill 7 Nov 1946 - 6 Nov 1947 Enos Maracle 6 Nov 1947 - Nov 1949 Leonard Staats (b. 1903 – d. 1967) Nov 1949 - Nov 1950 Arnold Moses Nov 1950 - Jan 1952 Edward P. Garlow(2nd time) Chiefs (often referred to as the Chief councillors until 1994) Jan 1952 - Apr 1954 James S. Powless Apr 1954 - Jan 1956 Edward P. Garlow (1st time) Jan 1956 - Jan 1958 Clifford E. Styres Jan 1958 - Jan 1962 Edward P. Garlow (2nd time) Jan 1962 - 2 Mar 1967 George D. Van Every 2 Mar 1967 - Jan 1978 Richard Isaac Jan 1978 - Jan 1980 Renson Jamieson Jan 1980 - 7 Jan 1986 Wellington C. Staats (1st time)(b. 1932 - d. 2014) 7 Jan 1986 - 17 Dec 1991 William "Bill" K. Montour (b. 1941) (1st time) Dec 1991 - Jan 1992 Lewis Staats (acting) 7 Jan 1992 - 5 Dec 1995 Steve Williams 19 Dec 1995 - 20 Nov 2001 Wellington C. Staats (2nd time)(s.a.) 4 Dec 2001 - 6 Dec 2004 Roberta L. Jamieson (f) (b. 1953) 7 Dec 2004 - 3 Dec 2007 David M. General 4 Dec 2007 - 3 Dec 2013 William "Bill" K. Montour (s.a.) (2nd time) 3 Dec 2013 - Nov 2019 Gail Ava Hill (f) (b. 1950) Nov 2019 - Nov 2023 Mark B. Hill Nov 2023 - Sherri-Lyn Hill (f)

Speakers of Six Nations (chief executives; nation affiliation in parentheses) 1858 - 1871 John Smoke Johnson (Mohawk) (b. 1792 – d. 1886) 1871 - 1892 Nicholas H. Burning (Mohawk) 1892 - 1898 Chief David Hill (Seneca) 1898 Alexander G. Smith (1st time) (Mohawk) 1898 - 1903 Chief Elias Lewis (Mohawk) 1903 - 1916 John Charles Martin (Mohawk) 1916 - 1917 Chief Alexander G. Smith (2nd time) (Mohawk) 1917 - 1918 Chief William D. Loft (Mohawk) (b. 1858 – d. 1943) 1918 - 1922 Chief Andrew Staats (Mohawk) 1922 - 1924 Chief Levi General (Cayuga) (b. 1873 – d. 1925) (in 1923 left for Europe) 1923 - 1945 Chauncey Garlow (Mohawk) (b. 1878 – d. 1945) (to 1924, acting for General; from 1924, not recognized by Canada)

British (from 1867, Canadian) Superintendents (to 1792, Deputy Superintendents) 1775 - 1778 John Butler (1st time) (b. 1728 – d. 1796) (acting to 1776) 1778 - 1787 Christian Daniel Claus (b. 1727 – d. 1787) 1787 - 1796 John Butler (2nd time) (s.a.) 1796 - 1826 William Claus (b. 1765 – d. 1826) 1826 - 1828 James Givins (b. 1759 – d. 1846) 1828 - 1832 Chief John Brant (b. 1794 – d. 1832) 1832 - 1845 James Winniett (b. 1777 – d. 1849) 1845 - 1862 David Thorburn (b. 1790 – d. 1862) 1862 - 1891 Jasper Tough Gilkison (b. 1814 - d. 1906) 1891 - 1906 Edwin Duncan Cameron 1906 - 1923 Gordon James Smith (b. 1865 - d. 1923) 1924 - 1935 Cecil Etienne Morgan 1935 - 1953 E.P. Randle

Wabaseemoong

1873 Signed the Treaty No. 3 (Islington). 1991 Renamed Wabaseemoong Independent Nations. Chiefs1873 - 1900 David Land I (Naweekeejick) (d. 1900) 1900 - 1926 David Land II 1926 - 1929 Frank Hunter 1929 - 1932 Robert Land 1932 - 1935 Thomas Hunter (1st time) 1935 - 1938 John T. Hunter 1938 - 1941 Thomas Hunter (2nd time) 1941 - 1947 Horace Spence 1947 - 1957 George Land 1957 - 1959 John T. Henry 1959 - 1961 Norbert Cameron 1961 - 1963 Isaac Mandamin (1st time) 1963 - 1965 Horace Paishk 1965 - 1979 Roy McDonald (1st time) 1980 Douglas McDonald 1980 - 1983 Isaac Mandamin (2nd time) 1983 - 1985 Roy McDonald (2nd time) 1985 - 1987 Anthony Henry 1987 - 1991 Roy McDonald (3rd time) 1991 - 1993 Isaac Mandamin (3rd time) 1993 - 1995 Eric N. Fisher (1st time) 1995 - af.2005 Ron Roy McDonald bf.2007 - 2013 Eric N. Fisher (2nd time) 2013 - 2019 John Paishk 2019 - Waylon Scott

Wahta Mohawk

1881 Arrived from Quebec (Iroquois of Gibson), formerly part of the Iroquois of Lake of Two Mountains (see Mohawks of Kanesatake), reserve set aside (no treaty). 1992 Renamed Wahta Mohawk. Chiefs1881 - 1883 Louis Sahanatien (1st time) (b. 1832 - d. 1922) 1883 - 1892 Angus Cook 1892 - 1901 Francis Decaire 1901 - 1904 Louis Sahanatien (2nd time) (s.a.) 1904 - 1910 Napoleon Commandant 1910 - 1913 Louis Sahanatien (3rd time) (s.a.) 1913 - 1922 Peter Strength 1922 - 1924 Mitchell News 1924 - 1927 Albert Commandant (1st time) 1927 - 1930 Mitchell S. Franks 1930 - 1940 Isaiah Sahanatien 1940 - 1946 Albert Commandant (2nd time) 1946 - 1949 Robert Stock 1949 - 1962 Gordon Sahanatien 1962 - 1971 Sidney Sahanatien 1971 - 1990 Kenneth Commandant 1990 - 1993 Stephen Stock (1st time) 1993 - 1996 Lyla Commandant (f) 1996 - 1999 Stephen Stock (2nd time) 1999 - 2011 Blaine E. Commandant 2011 - 2014 Council [4 councilors] 2014 - Philip A. Franks

Walpole Island

1790 The island is omitted from the cession to the British. 1796 Settlement by the Chippewa and Ottawa (in 1839, joined by the Potawatomi) emigrants from the U.S., no treaty is signed. 1836 Walpole Island Reserve (presently also referred also to as the Bkejwanong Territory) created, recognized as separate band from Sarnia (see Aamjiwnaang). 1878 - 1941 Known as Walpole Island Chippewa Band (due to existence of separate Walpole Island Potawatomi Band). 1884 - 1965 Walpole Island Indian agency. Chiefs1828 - 1836 Bauzhi-geezhig-waeshikum (b. c.1770 - d. 1842) 1836 - 1848 Shawenypeniney (b. c.1774 - d. 1848) 1849 - 1862 Petwegezhik (b. c.1799 - d. c.1914) 186. - 1867 Oshawana (John Nahdee) (b. 179. - d. 1870) 1867 - 1874 William N. Fisher 1875 - 1877 Charles Kiyoshk 1878 - 1882 Joshua Greenbird 1883 - 1885 James Potquahong 1885 - 1891 James Sahgee 1891 - 1894 Joseph White (1st time) (d. 1929) 1894 - 1901 Louis Fisher 1901 - 1907 James Kicknosway (1st time) 1907 - 1913 Joseph White (2nd time) (s.a.) 1913 - 1919 Charles R. Jacobs 1919 - 1922 James Kicknosway (2nd time) 1922 - 1931 Peter Williams 1931 - 1934 Fred A. Ermatinger 1934 - 1940 Harrison B. Williams 1940 Walter Sands 1940 - 1943 Solomon Kewayosh 1943 - 1946 Charles R. Jacobs 1946 - 1949 Lalieu Kewayosh 1949 - 1954 Samuel Shipman 1954 - 1956 Edward Kicknosway 1956 - 1960 Burton Kewayosh 1960 - 1970 Burton N. Jacobs (b. 1912 - d. 2007) 1970 - 1976 Donald D. Isaac (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Robert L. Williams (1st time) 1978 - 1980 Donald D. Isaac (2nd time) 1980 - 1987 William Tooshkenig 1987 - 1988 Mark Day 1988 - 1990 Daniel R. Miskokomon (1st time) 1990 - 1992 Robert L. Williams (2nd time) 1992 - 1994 Daniel R. Miskokomon (2nd time) 1994 - 1996 Joseph B. Gilbert (1st time) 1996 - 1998 Daniel R. Miskokomon (3rd time) 1998 - 2002 Joseph B. Gilbert (2nd time) 2002 - 2004 Donna L. Day (f) 2004 - 2006 Dean M. Jacobs 2006 - 2012 Joseph B. Gilbert (3rd time) 2012 - 2014 Burton Kewayosh, Jr. 2014 - 2020 Daniel R. Miskokomon (4th time) 2020 - 2022 Charles R. Sampson 2022 - 2024 Daniel R. Miskokomon (5th time) 2024 - Leela Thomas (f)

Wikwemikong

1828 Settlement by the Ottawa and Chippewa emigrants from the U.S. 1836 The entire Manitoulin Island set aside as a reserve by treaty. 1862 The island reserve partly divided and partly ceded by treaty, except the eastern peninsula (Manitoulin Island Unceded Reserve) – the location of the Wikwemikong band. 1873 - 1972 Manitowaning (from 1938, Manitoulin Island) Indian agency (to 1898, Northern Superintendency – 1st Division). 2014 Begun to name themselves "Wiikwemikoong."

Chiefsc.1828 - 1874 Council of Chiefs [3 lineages of life chiefs; composition as of 1869 follows] - Jean-Baptiste Peywaneiassang (b. 1810 - d. 18..) - Amable Assiginack (b. 1789 - d. af.1871) - Augustin Nissigigabawi (b. 1809 - d. 18..)1874 - 1879 William Kinosamig (1st time) (b. 1840 - d. 1900) 1879 - 1882 Angus Anderson 1882 - 1885 Francis Metossage 1885 - 1891 William Kinosamig (2nd time) (s.a.) 1891 - 1892 Joseph Agowise 1892 - 1894 Francis Wakegijig 1894 - 1900 William Kinosamig (3rd time) (s.a.) 1900 - 1903 Charles Wakegijig (d. 1911) 1903 - 1906 William Kinosamig, Jr. (1st time) 1906 - 1909 Joseph Eshkakogan 1909 - 1912 Louis Osawanimiki 1912 - 1915 William Kinosamig, Jr. (2nd time) 1915 - 1918 Joseph Wakegijig (1st time) 1918 - 1920 Jonas Odjig 1920 - 1924 Joseph Manitowabi (1st time) 1924 - 1926 John Osawanimiki (d. 1926) 1926 - 1927 Joseph Wakegijig (2nd time) 1927 - 1930 Joseph Manitowabi (2nd time) 1930 - 1933 James Wakegijig 1933 - 1934 Louis Eshakakogan (1st time) 1934 - 1936 Joseph Wakegijig (3rd time) 1936 - 1938 James Bondy 1938 - 1939 Joseph D. McLeod 1939 - 1942 Louis Eshkakogan (2nd time) 1942 - 1945 Joe P. Pangowish (1st time) 1945 - 1948 Joseph Wakegijig (4th time) 1948 - 1952 Joe P. Pangowish (2nd time) 1952 - 1954 Andrew Trudeau 1954 - 1956 John J. Wakegijig (1st time) (d. 1971) 1956 - 1958 Louis Eshkakogan (3rd time) 1958 - 1960 Joseph Wakegijig (5th time) 1960 - 1971 John J. Wakegijig (2nd time) (s.a.) 1971 - 1972 Ronald C. Wakegijig (1st time) (b. 1943 - d. 2011) 1972 - 1974 Michael C. Roy 1974 - 1978 Ronald C. Wakegijig (2nd time) (s.a.) 1978 - 1980 Henry J. Peltier (1st time) 1980 - 1988 Ronald C. Wakegijig (3rd time) (s.a.) 1988 - 1990 Alphonse J. Shawana 1990 - 1992 Henry J. Peltier (2nd time) 1992 - 1997 Arthur E. Manitowabi (1st time) 1997 - 1998 Margaret A. Pitawanakwat (f) 1998 - 2000 Ronald C. Wakegijig (4th time) (s.a.) 2000 - 2001 Arthur E. Manitowabi (2nd time) 2001 - 2002 Gladys Wakegijig (f) 2002 - 2004 Walter Manitowabi 2004 - 2008 Robert Corbiere 2008 - 2012 Hazel L. Fox-Recollet (f) 2012 - 2018 Duke Peltier 2018 - 2022 Norman J. Peltier 2022 - 2024 Rachel E. Manitowabi (f) 2024 - Steven J. Ominika

Zhiibaahaasing

1873 Separated from Sheshegwaning (Cockburn Island). 1997/99 Renamed Zhiibaahaasing. Chiefs c.1873 Wagosh bf.1895 - 1901 Peter Wagoosh (1st time) 1901 - 1907 George Wagoosh 1907 - 1910 Peter Wagoosh (2nd time) 1910 - 1915 Joseph Wagoosh1915 - 1918 Usent Wagoosh 1918 - 1926 Edward Wagoosh (d. 1926) 1927 - 19.. Joe Wagoosh 19.. - 1981 Vacant 1981 - 1985 Norma Fox-Wagosh (f) (1st time) 1985 - 1988 Philip Sagon 1988 - 1991 Norma Fox-Wagosh (f) (2nd time) 1991 - Irene Sagon-Kells (f)

Prince Edward Island Note: The relations between the Micmac and Canada are based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown signed from 1725 to 1779. For early general timeline of the Micmac, see Eskasoni in Nova Scotia.

Abegweit

[Abegweit First
Nation old flag (Prince Edward Island, Canada)] Former Flag


Current Flag

1972 Secedes from the Lennox Island Band (Abegweit).

Chiefs1973 - 1999 George James "Jim" Sark1999 - 2003 Francis Jadis 8 Aug 2003 - Aug 2008 Roderick "Roddy" Gould (1st time) Aug 2008 - 2019 Brian Francis2019 - Roderick "Roddy" Gould (2nd time)

Lennox Island

1846 First of several reserves set aside (Micmacs of Prince Edward Island).1871 - 1971 Prince Edward Island Indian Agency established.c.1960 Renamed Lennox Island.

Chiefs c.1831 Peter Francis 1859 - 1866 John Sark (b. 1786 - d. 1866) 1866 - 1869 Louis Sark 1869 - 1877 Peter Bernard (d. 1877) 1877 - 1900 Joseph Francis 1900 - 1909 John Thomas Sark (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1934) 1909 - 1912 Joseph Bernard 1912 - 1927 John Thomas Sark (2nd time) (s.a.) 1927 - 1930 Isaac Peters 1930 - 1948 Jacob Sark (1st time) (b. 1893 – d. 1960) 1948 - 1952 Frank Jadis (1st time) 1952 - 1960 Jacob Sark (2nd time) (s.a.)1960 - 1962 Mary Bernard (f) 1962 - 1964 Frank Jadis (2nd time) 1964 - 1966 Raymond Lewis 1966 - 1970 James Sark 1970 - 1972 George James "Jim" Sark 1972 - 1998 Jack J.T. Sark 1998 - 2001 Charles "Charlie" Sark 2001 - 1 Jun 2013 Darlene Bernard (f) (1st time) (b. 1962) 1 Jun 2013 - 2019 Matilda Ramjattan (f)2019 - 2025 Darlene Bernard (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) 2025 - Tabatha Bernard (f)

QuebecAbénakis de Wôlinak


Former Flag


Current Flag

1708 French land grant (Abénakis de Bécancour), in 1760 confirmed by the British. c.1720 - c.1830 Abénaki (as single nation) a part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see underMohawks of Kahnawake). 1891 - 1950 Bécancour Indian agency. 1983 Renamed Abénakis de Wôlinak. Grand Chiefs bf.1750 - 18.. .... bf.1841 - 1850 Joseph Metzalabanlette (b. c.1767 - d. 1850) c.1851 Louis Tomaquois (acting) (b. c.1787 - d. 18..) 1856 - 1903 Joseph-Louis Metzalabanlette (b. 1827 - d. 1903) Chiefs 1903 - 19.. .... bf.1977 - af.1989 Noël St.-Aubin c.1991 Raymond Bernard (1st time) c.1992 André Bernard bf.1997 - 1998 Diane Bernard (f) 1998 - 2010 Raymond Bernard (2nd time) 2010 - 2016 Denis Landry 2016 - Michel Bernard

Abitibiwinni

c.1906 Known as Abitibi-Dominion, no treaty.1940 - 1968 Abitibi Indian agency.1958 Reserve set aside.1982 Renamed Abitibiwinni. Chiefs1906 - 19.. Isha Mychennyc.1976 Tom Rankinc.1982 Hector Polsonc.1987 Isaac McDougallbf.1988 - af.1990 Fred Kistabishbf.1991 - af.1998 Harry McDougallbf.1999 - af.2003 Edouard Kistabishbf.2007 - 2011 Alice Jérôme (f)2011 Jean-Paul Rankin (b. 19.. - d. 2012)2011 - 2015 Bruno Kistabish2015 - 2019 David Kistabish2019 - 1 Oct 2023 Monik Kistabish (f) 1 Oct 2023 - Chantal Kistabish (f)

Algonquins of Barriere Lake

c.1904 Known as Barriere Lake, no treaty. 1961 Reserve set aside. 1990 Renamed Algonquins of Barriere Lake. Chiefs c.1904 - 1964 David Makokoose 196. - 1969 Harry Nottaway (d. 1969) c.1974 Solomon Matchewan 197. - 1980 Harry Wawatie (1st time) 1980 - 1996 Jean-Maurice Matchewan (1st time) 1996 - 2006 Harry Wawatie (2nd time) 2006 - 2008 Jean-Maurice Matchewan (2nd time) 2008 - 2010 Casey Ratt (1st time) 2010 - 2012 Council[4 councilors] 2012 - 2021 Casey Ratt (2nd time) 2021 - 2023 Tony Wawatie 2023 - Casey Ratt (3rd time)

Anicinape de Kitcisakik

c.1910 Known as Grand Lac Victoria, no treaty or reserve. 1992/97 Renamed Communauté Anicinape de Kitcisakik. Chiefs c.1925 Alex Papatie bf.1980 - af.1988 Donat Papatisse (1st time) (b. 1945 – d. 1996) c.1989 Armand Papatie bf.1990 - af.1991 Donat Papatisse (2nd time) (s.a.) c.1992 Catherine Anichinapéo (f) 199. - 1997 Alfred Papatisse 1997 - 2005 James Papatie 2005 - af.2007 Edmond Brazeau bf.2009 - 2017 Adrienne Anichinapéo (f) 2017 - Régis Pénosway

Anishnabe du Lac Simon

c.1924 Known as Lac Simon, no treaty.1962 Reserve set aside.1992/97 Renamed Nation Anishnabe du Lac-Simon. Chiefsc.1925 Ignace Papatie1938 - 1959 Nick Papatie1959 - 1960 Joe Kisik1960 - 1971 Georges Papatie1971 - 1974 Jean Papatie (1st time)1974 - 1977 Louis Jérôme (1st time)1977 - 1980 Dumont Wabanonik1980 - 1987 Jean Papatie (2nd time)1987 - 1992 Louis Jérôme (2nd time)1992 - 1999 Simon Anichinapéo1999 - 2003 Lucien Wabanonik (1st time)2003 - 2009 Daniel Pien2009 - 2011 Brian Dumont2011 - 2016 Salomée McKenzie (f)2016 - 2023 Adrienne Jérôme (f) 2023 - Lucien Wabanonik (2nd time)

Atikamekw d'Opitciwan
1915 Separated from Atikamekw de Wemotaci (Obiduan), no treaty. 1950 Reserve set aside. 1964 Renamed Obedjiwan. 1997 Renamed Atikamekw d'Opitciwan.Chiefs1915 - 1933 Gabriel Awashish 1933 - 1960 Paul Mequish 1960 - 196. Élie Dubé (1st time) bf.1961 - af.1962 Étienne Dubé c.1963 Pierre-Jacquot Chachai c.1965 Élie Dubé (2nd time) c.1969 Maxime Awashish c.1970 Simon Awashish (1st time) bf.1971 - af.1973 William Awashish c.1975 Simon Awashish (2nd time) c.1976 Léon Dubé 1978 - 1980 Nérée Chachai 1980 Marcel Chachai 1980 - 1984 Paul Mequish, Jr. (1st time) 1984 - 1987 Jean-Pierre Lucien 1987 - 1991 Paul Mequish, Jr. (2nd time) 1991 - 1993 Hubert Clary 1993 - 1997 Simon Awashish (3rd time) 1997 - 1999 Paul Mequish, Jr. (3rd time) 1999 - 2001 Simon Awashish (4th time) 2001 - 2002 Paul Mequish, Jr. (4th time) 2002 - 2006 Simon Awashish (5th time) 2006 - 2007 Jean-Pierre Moar 2007 - 2011 Paul Mequish, Jr. (5th time) 2011 - 2019 Christian Awashish 2019 - Jean-Claude Mequish

Atikamekw de Manawan

1906 Separated from Atikamekw de Wemotaci (Manouan), reserve set aside, no treaty. 1990 Renamed Les Atikamekw de Manawan.Chiefs1906 - 1924 Louis Newashish (d. 1924) 1924 - 1930 Saney Newashish 1930 - 1934 St.-Pierre Echaquan 1934 - 1960 Simon Ottawa 1960 - 1964 Pierre Ottawa 1964 - 1968 Isidore Ottawa 1968 - 1972 Wellie Flamand (1st time) 1972 - 1974 François Ottawa 1974 - 1976 Wellie Flamand (2nd time) 1976 - 1977 Gerard Ottawa (b. 1947 – d. 2005) 1977 - 1978 Andre Quitish (1st time) (b. 1951) 1978 - 1987 Henri Ottawa (1st time) 1987 - 1989 Jean-Pierre Moar (1st time) 1989 - 1993 Henri Ottawa (2nd time) 1993 - 1995 Andre Quitish (2nd time) 1995 - 1997 Henri Ottawa (3rd time) 1997 - 1999 Jean-Pierre Moar (2nd time) 1999 - 2014 Paul-Émile Ottawa (1st time) (b. 1961) 2014 - 2018 Jean-Roch Ottawa 2018 - 2022 Paul-Émile Ottawa (2nd time) (s.a.)2022 - Sipi Flamand (b. 1989)

Atikamekw de Wemotaci

1853 Known as Weymontachie, reserve set aside, no treaty.1997 Renamed Atikamekw de Wemotaci.Chiefsc.1829 Maceskc.1843 Pierre Oskileoc.1844 Paul Newashish1853 - af.1881 Jean-Baptiste Petiguay18.. - 1892 Thomas Awashish (d. 1892)c.1913 Louis Petiguay (1st time)c.1915 James Awashishc.1918 Louis Petiquay (2nd time)c.1921 Charles Petiguayc.1941 Joseph Boivinbf.1959 - af.1964 Joseph Saganash1969 - 1971 Philippe Basile (1st time)1971 – 1973 Marcel Boivin (1st time)1973 – 1975 Georges Connelley1975 – 1977 Marcel Boivin (2nd time)1977 – 1979 Philippe Basile (2nd time)1979 – 1981 François Neashit (1st time)1981 - 1995 Marcel Boivin (3rd time)1995 – 1999 François Neashit (2nd time)1999 – 2003 Marcel Boivin (4th time)2003 – 2007 François Neashit (3rd time)2007 – 2009 Simon Coocoo2009 - 2015 David Boivin2015 - 21 Apr 2023 François Neashit (4th time)21 Apr 2023 - Viviane Chilton (f)

Cree of Chisasibi

[Cree of Chisasibi (Quebec,
Canada)]

c.1930       Known as Fort George, no treaty. 1962                       Reserve set aside.
1974                       The James Bay and Northern QuebecAgreement of 1975 effective.
1982                       Renamed Chisasibi. 1992         Renamed Cree Nation of Chisasibi.

Chiefs
c.1920 - 1931 Peter Waskigan 1931 - 1935? Joseph "Joe" Naposh (1st time) (b. 1881/6 - d. 1946) 1935? - 1938 John Chishkamush 1938 - 1946 Joseph "Joe" Naposh (2nd time) (s.a.) 1946 – 1962 John Napash 1962 - 1967 .... 1967 - 1977 Robert Kanatewat 1977 - 1979 Josie Sam Atkinson (b. 1928 - d. 1995) 1979 - 1982 Samuel Tapiatic 1982 - 1985 James Bobbish (1st time) 1985 - 1986 Robbie Matthew (b. 1934) 1986 - 1989 James Bobbish (2nd time) 1989 - 1995 Violet Pachano (1st time) 1995 - 1999 Charles Bobbish 1999 - 2001 Violet Pachano (2nd time) 2001 - 2007 Abraham Rupert (1st time) 2007 - 2010 Roderick Pachano 2010 - 12 Feb 2012 Abraham Rupert (2nd time) 23 Mar 2012 - 2020 Davey Bobbish (b. 1973)2020 - Daisy House-Lameboy (f)

Cree of Mistissini

c.1930 Known as Mistassini, no treaty.1962 Reserve set aside.1977 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.1990 Renamed Mistissini.2002 Renamed Cree Nation of Mistissini.Chiefs 193. - 1947 Isaiah Shecapio1947 - 1962 Isaac Shecapio (b. 1906 – d. 1991)1962 - 1974 Smally Petawabano (b. 1936 - d. 2010)1974 - 1978 Philip Awashish1978 - 1982 Henry Mianscum (1st time)1982 - 1986 Matthew Coon-Come (b. 1956)1986 - 1994 Henry Mianscum (2nd time)1994 - 1998 William Mianscum1998 - 2001 Kenny Loon2001 - 2010 John Longchap2010 - 2018 Richard Shecapio2018 - 2022 Thomas Neeposh2022 - Michael Petwabano

Cree of Nemaska

c.1930 Known as Nemaska, no treaty or reserve.1977 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.2014 Renamed Cree Nation of Nemaska.Chiefsc.1930 - 19.. ....bf.1974 - af.1975 Bertie Wapachee (b. 1915 – d. 1993)bf.1982 - af.1988 George Wapachee (1st time)bf.1989 - af.1991 Isaac Meskinoc.1992 Lawrence Jimikenc.2002 George Wapachee (2nd time)bf.2004 - 2011 Josie Jimiken2011 - 2015 Matthew Wapachee2015 - 2019 Thomas Jolly2019 - Clarence Jolly

Cree of Wemindji

c.1930 Known as Old Factory, no treaty or reserve. 1977 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective. 1987 Renamed Wemindji. 1996 Renamed Cree Nation of Wemindji. Chiefs 1930 - 1933 Alfred Gilpin 1933 - 1958 John Georgekish 1958 - 1969 Sam Visitor 1969 - 1972 John Mark 1972 - 1978 Fred Blackned 1978 - 1999 Walter Hughboy (b. 1946 – d. 2004) 1999 - 2005 Reggie Mark 2005 - 2013 Rodney Mark 2013 - 2017 Dennis Georgekish 2017 - Christina Gilpin (f)

Crees of the Waskaganish

c.1930 Known as Rupert House, no treaty or reserve.1977 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective.1985 Renamed Waskaganish.2002 Renamed Crees of the Waskaganish.Chiefsc.1930 – 1946 ....1946 – 1948 Frank Moar (b. 1903 – d. 19..)1948 – 1953 .... 1953 – 1968 Malcolm Diamond (b. 1912 - d. 1984)1968 – 1970 ....1970 – 1976 Billy Diamond (1st time) (b. 1949 – d. 2010)1976 – 197. ....c.1979 Billy Diamond (2nd time) (s.a.)c.1981 Samuel Shecapioc.1982 Sydney Georgekishc.1987 Simeon Trapperbf.1988 - 1999 Billy Diamond (3rd time) (s.a.)1999 – 2007 Robert Weistche2007 – 2011 Steve Diamond2011 - 2015 Gordon Blackned2015 - 2019 Darlene Cheechoo (f)2019 - 2023 Clarke Shecapio2023 - Greta Whiskeychan-Cheechoo (f)

Eastmain

c.1930 Known as Eastmain, no treaty or reserve. 1977 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective. Chiefs c.1938 Walter Tammatuk 1956 - 1978 Matthew Shanush (b. 1907 – d. 1985) c.1982 Rusty Cheezo (1st time) 1987 - 1990 Ted Moses (b. 1950) bf.1996 - 1999 Kenneth Gilpin 1999 - 2005 Edward Gilpin (1st time) 2005 - 2008 Lloyd Mayappo 2008 - 2011 Rusty Cheezo (2nd time) 2011 - 2015 Edward Gilpin (2nd time) 2015 - 2023 Kenneth Cheezo2023 - Raymond Shanoush

Huronne-Wendat

c.1420 Huron (Wendat) confederacy founded (in modern Ontario), governed by the GrandCouncil of confederacy (52 lineages of titled/named life chiefs).1614 Alliance with the French.1649 Confederacy destroyed by the Iroquois Five Nations, the remaining Hurons relocated to Quebec or modern Wisconsin (see Wyandotte under U.S).1650 French land grant (from 1673, known as Hurons de Lorette), confirmed in 1742, 1760 and 1794.c.1720 - c.1830 Part and ceremonial chair of the Seven Nations of Canada (see under Mohawks of Kahnawake).1881 - 1970 Lorette Indian Agency established.1986 Renamed Nation Huronne-Wendat.First chiefs of the Attignawantan Nation [by precedence; ceremonial chairs of the Grand Council]bf.1623 - af.1637 Anenkhiondicbf.1642 - 1649 Pierre Ondakion ? (d. af.1650)Chiefs 1650 - 1685 Sastaretsi (d. 1685)1685 - 1693 Ignace Tsawenhohi (d. 1693)1693 - 1747 Paul Picard (d. 1747)1747 - 1776 Thomas Martin1776 - 1810 Joseph Vincent (d. 1810)1811 - 31 Oct 1844 Nicolas Vincent (b. 1769 – d. 1844)1844 - 1870 Simon Romain (d. 1870)1870 - 1883 François-Xavier Picard (b. 1810 – d. 1883)1883 - 1896 Maurice Sébastien "Bastien" (b. 1822 - d. 1896)1897 - 1898 Philippe Vincent (d. 1898)1898 - 1900 Band Council (4 second chiefs)1900 - 1905 François Gros-Louis1905 - 1909 Gaspard Picard1906 - 1916 Maurice Bastien1916 - 1920 Pierre-Albert Picard1920 - 1929 Ovide Sioui (b. 1872 – d. 1942)1929 - 1935 Ludger Bastien (b. 1879 – d. 1948)1935 - 1941 HerménégildeVincent (b. 1884 - d. 19..)1941 - 1944 Théophile Gros-Louis (b. 1888 – d. 1971)1944 - 1947 Aimé Romain (b. 1876 – d. 1960)1947 - 1949 Origène Sioui (b. 1898 – d. 1953)1949 - 1955 Émile Picard (b. 1900 – d. 1974)1955 - 1964 Alphonse Picard (b. 1899 – d. 1965)1964 - 1982 Max Gros-Louis (b. 1931 - d. 2020)Grand Chiefs (this title informally used already from 1811)1982 - 1984 Max Gros-Louis (1st time) (s.a.)1984 - 1986 Claude Sioui (b. 1924 - d. 1987)1986 - 1987 Michel Laveau1987 - 1992 Max Gros-Louis (2nd time) (s.a.)1992 - 1994 Jocelyne Gros-Louis (f) (b. 1966)1994 - 1996 Max Gros-Louis (3rd time) (s.a.)1996 - 1998 Jean Picard1998 - 2004 Wellie Picard (b. 1923? - d. 2012)2004 - 2008 Max Gros-Louis (4th time) (s.a.) 1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2020 Konrad Sioui (b. 1953) 31 Oct 2020 - 21 Nov 2024 Rémy Vincent (b. 1973?) 21 Nov 2024 - Pierre "Alphé" Picard (b. 1964?)

Innu Matimekush-Lac John

1968 Separated from Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam (Montagnais de Schefferville), reserve set aside, no treaty. 1998 Renamed La Nation Innu Matimekush-Lac John. Chiefs 1968 - af.1973 Mathieu André c.1982 Charles Gabriel bf.1984 - af.1988 Alexandre McKenzie (1st time) bf.1989 - af.1990 Réal McKenzie (1st time) c.1991 Alexandre McKenzie (2nd time) c.1992 Réal McKenzie (2nd time) bf.1997 - 1998 Thaddée André (1st time) 1998 - af.2002 Jacques Gauthier bf.2006 - 2007 Thaddée André (2nd time) 2007 - 2016 Réal McKenzie (3rd time) 2016 - 2019 Ambroise Tshani 2019 - Réal McKenzie (4th time)

Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam

c.1853 Known as Montagnais de Sept-Îles, no treaty. 1883 - 1967 Seven Islands Indian Agency established. 1906 Reserve set aside. 1982 - 1989 Renamed Montagnais de Sept-ÎÎles et Maliotenam. 1989 - 1992 Renamed Montagnais de Uashat et Maliotenam. 1992 Renamed Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam. Chiefs bf.1861 - 1864 Dominique (d. 1864) 1864 - 1885 Barthélemy Minaik (b. 1820 - d. 1885) 1885 - 1907 .... 1907 - 19.. Alexandre McKenzie bf.1965 - af.1971 Daniel Vachon (1st time) c.1982 Jules-Ambrose Michel bf.1987 - af.1988 Chrysologue Ambroise (b. 1946 - d. 2018) c.1989 Daniel Vachon (2nd time) c.1990 Maurice Vollant c.1991 Élie-Jacques Jourdain (1st time)(b. 1950? - d. 2024) 199. - 1992 Gilbert Pilot 1992 - 1998 Élie-Jacques Jourdain (2nd time)(s.a.) 1998 - 2004 Rosario Pinette 2004 - 2007 Élie-Jacques Jourdain (3rd time)(s.a.) 2007 - 2013 Georges-Ernest Gregoire 2013 - 11 Jun 2025 Mike Palash McKenzie 11 Jun 2025 - Jonathan Shetush St-Onge (b. 1984?)

Innue Essipit

1892 Known as Montagnais des Escoumins, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1996 Renamed Innue Essipit. Chiefs c.18.. Leon Dominique c.1834 Joseph Moreau c.18.. Joseph Ross c.1904 Paul Ross 1926 - 1946 Joseph-Pierre Moreau 1950 - 1957 Joseph Ross 1957 - 1979 Laurent Ross 1979 - 2012 Denis Ross 2012 - Martin Dufour

Innus de Ekuanitshit

c.1856 Known as Mingan, no treaty. 1902 - 1950 Mingan Indian agency. 1963 Reserve set aside. 1992/97 Renamed Les Innus de Ekuanitshit. Chiefs bf.1987 - af.1991 Philippe Piétacho bf.1992 - Jean-Charles Piétacho

Innus de Nutashkuan

c.1856 Known as Natashquan, no treaty. 1943 - 1949 Natashquan Indian agency. 1952 Reserve set aside. 1987 Renamed Montagnais de Natashquan. 2018 Renamed Innus de Nutashkuan Chiefs c.1982 Georges Mestokosho bf.1987 - af.1988 Jules Wapistan (1st time) bf.1989 - af.1992 Joseph Tettaut c.1997 Jules Wapistan (2nd time) c.1998 Antoine Ishpatao (b. c.1959 - d. 2015) c.2002 Richard Malec bf.2007 - 2012 François Bellefleur 2012 - 2020 Rodrigue Wapistan 2020 - Real Tettaut

Innus de Pessamit

1853 Known as Bersimis, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1879 – 1967 Bersimis (to 1899, North Shore St. Lawrence River) Indian Agency established. 1981 Renamed Montagnais de Betsiamites. 2008 Renamed Innus de Pessamit. Chiefs bf.1851 - af.1880 Jean-Baptiste Estlo c.1932 Sylvestre Rock c.1949 Michel Vachon c.1954 Paul Rock c.1977 Leonard Paul bf.1981 - af.1982 Jean-Claude Vollant (1st time) 1983 - 1986 René Simon (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1988 Jean-Claude Vollant (2nd time) bf.1989 - 1990 Robert Dominique 1990 - 1992 Jean-Louis Bacon 1992 - 1996 Marcelline Picard-Kanapé (f) (b. 1941) 1996 - 2002 René Simon (2nd time) 2002 - 2012 Raphael Picard 2012 - Aug 2020 René Simon (3rd time) Aug 2020 - 4 Sep 2022 Jean-Marie Vollant 4 Sep 2022 - 2024 Marielle Vachon (f) 2024 - Rene Simon (4th time)

Kebaowek

c.1924 Known as Kipawa, no treaty. 1974 Reserve set aside. 1995 Renamed Eagle Village-Kipawa. 2017 Renamed Kebaowek. Chiefs bf.1965 - af.1982 Mike McKenzie (b. 1923 - d. 1996) bf.1987 - af.1988 Jimmy Constant (1st time) c.1989 Doris Hunter (f) bf.1990 - af.1997 Jimmy Constant (2nd time) bf.1998 - af.2007 Lance Haymond (1st time) bf.2009 - 2011 Jimmy Constant (3rd time) 2011 - 2015 Madeleine Paul (f) 2015 - Lance Haymond (2nd time)

Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg

[Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg
(Quebec, Canada)]

c.1720 - c.1830 Part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see under Mohawks of Kahnawake). 1721 Disputed French land grant (Algonquins et Nipissings de Lac- des-Deux-Montagnes, two nations), shared with Mohawks of Kanesatake, by 1841 not recognized by Lower Canada. 1853 Known as River Desert, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1874 - 1968 River Desert (from 1910, Maniwaki) Indian agency. 1991 Renamed Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg.

First Grand chiefs of the Algonquins (by precedence) bf.1820 - 1834 Pierre-Louis Constant (Penaise) (b. 1768 – d. 1834) 1834 - 1836 Ignace Magowaskaw (acting) (d. af.1838) 1836 - af.1838 Jean-Baptiste Constant (Kikons) (b. 1792 – d. 1881/5) First Grand chiefs of the Nipissings (by precedence) bf.1818 - 1829 Laurent Kisinsick (d. 1829) 1829 - 1830 Amable Chevalier (Pakwakwana) (b. c.1753 - d. 1833) (acting) 1830 - af.1851 François-Xavier Papineau (b. 1807 – d. 1854) Chiefs 1851 – 1874 Antoine Pakinawatik 1874 – 1884 Peter Tenasco (1st time) 1884 – 1890 Simon Odjick 1890 – 1896 Peter Tenasco (2nd time) 1896 – 1899 Louis Commanda 1899 – 1911 John Tenasco 1911 – 1917 Michael Commanda 1917 – 1920 John Cayer 1920 – 1924 Jean-Baptiste Chabot (1st time) 1927 – 1933 Vincent Odjick 1933 – 1936 Patrick Brascoupe 1936 – 1939 Abraham McDougall 1939 – 1951 Jean-Baptiste Chabot (2nd time) 1951 – 1970 William Commanda (b. 1913 – d. 2011) 1970 – 1976 Ernest McGregor 1976 – 2006 Jean-Guy Whiteduck (1st time) 2006 – 2008 Stephen McGregor 2008 - 2015 Gilbert Whiteduck 2015 - 2019 Jean-Guy Whiteduck (2nd time) 2019 - 2020 Paul McDougall 2020 - 2024 Dylan Whiteduck 2024 - Jean-Guy Whiteduck (3rd time)

Listuguj Mi'gmaq

1824 Known as Micmacs of Restigouche, reserve set side, no treaty. 1881 – 1970 Restigouche Indian Agency established. 1993 Renamed Listuguj Mi'gmaq. Chiefs 1730 - 1796 Joseph Claude (d. 1796) 1796 - 1812 Jacques Gagnon (d. 1812) 1812 - 1837 Francis Condo (b. c.1760 - d. 1837) 1837 - 18.. Thomas Barnaby bf.1841 - af.1846 Joseph Malie 1879 - 1899 Polycarpe Martin 1899 - 19.. Alexis Marchand c.1918 Barney Marchand c.1951 T. Gideon 1952 - 1954 Michael Clement 1954 - 1956 .... 1956 - 1957 David Basque 1957 - 1958 Joseph Dedam (1st time) 1958 - 1960 Peter Jacques 1960 - 1962 Joseph Dedam (2nd time) 1962 - af.1965 William Wysote 1976 - 1980 Tony Dedam (b. 1943) 1980 - af.1984 Alphonse Metallic (b. 1928 - d. 1986) c.1987 Roderick Wysotte bf.1988 - 1992 Ronald Jacques (1st time) 1992 - 1997 Brenda Gedeon-Miller (f) 1997 - 1999 Ronald Jacques (2nd time) 1999 - 2012 Allison Metallic 2012 - 2014 Dean Vicaire 2014 - 2016 Scott Martin (1st time) 2016 - 2022 Darcy Gray 2022 - Scott Martin (2nd time)

Long Point

c.1912 Known as Long Point, no treaty or reserve. Chiefs c.1982 Gordon Polson bf.1987 - af.1990 Jimmy Hunter (1st time) bf.1991 - af.1992 Jerry Polson c.1995 Jimmy Hunter (2nd time) bf.1998 - 2011 Steeve Mathias (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Leonard Polson 2013 - 2017 Derek Mathias 2017 - Aug 2022 Steeve Mathias (2nd time)Aug 2022 - Henry Rodgers

Micmac de Gespeg

c.1877 Known as Gaspe, no treaty or reserve. 1914 - 1950 Gaspe Indian agency. 1998/99 Renamed La Nation Micmac de Gespeg. Chiefs 1972 - af.1982 Leon Jeannotte bf.1987 - af.1992 Placide Jeannotte bf.1997 - af.1998 Linda Simon (f) bf.1999 - af.2002 Richard Jalbert bf.2007 - 2015 Claude Jeannotte 2015 - 2020 Manon Jeannotte (f)2020 - 2024 Terry Shaw 2024 - Celine Cassivi (f)

Micmacs of Gesgapegiag

1860 Known as Micmacs of Maria, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1881 - 1942 Maria Indian agency. 1989 Renamed Micmacs of Gesgapegiag. Chiefs bf.1895 - 1898 Louis Jérôme 1898 - af.1899 James Gideon c.1982 Bernard Jérôme bf.1987 - af.1988 Douglas Martin (1st time) c.1989 Guy Condo (1st time) bf.1990 - 1997 Douglas Martin (2nd time) 1997 - af.2003 John Martin (1st time) bf.2007 - 2013 Guy Condo (2nd time) 2013 - 2019 Roderick Larocque, Jr. (1st time) 2019 - 2023 John Martin (2nd time) Aug 2023 - Roderick Larocque, Jr. (2nd time)

Mohawks of Akwesasne

[Mohawks of Akwesasne
(Quebec, Canada)]
1749 Settlement (La Presentation; in 1760, renamed Oswegatchie) at present-day Ogdensburg (in New York state, in the U.S.) by the Iroquois (majority Onondaga) emigrants from the Six Nations Confederacy (details under Onondaga, in the U.S.); a member of the Seven Nations of Canada (details under Mohawks of Kahnawake). 1755 Another settlement (St.-Regis), originally a sub-community of Sault St.-Louis (present Mohawks of Kahnawake). 1760 St. Regis formally separated from Sault St. Louis and succeeded declining Oswegatchie as the member of the Seven Nations (by 1806, the last of the Oswegatchies had joined St. Regis). 1783 Split by the U.S.-Canada (Quebec) border; the formal British land grant ("concession") is issued for the British side of the settlement. 31 May 1796 Treaty with the U.S. (St. Regis Tribe), under joint protection of the U.K. and U.S. (details of gradual separation of so-called American tribe under Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe, in the U.S.) 1847 St. Regis Reserve (from 1984, referred to as the Akwesasne Mohawk Territory) organized. 1874 – 1970 St. Regis Indian Agency established. Jul 1888 Iroquois of St. Regis Band Council imposed by Canada; the Council of life Chiefs continues in opposition to 1968 with no recognition by Canada. 1984 Renamed Mohawks of Akwesasne. Chiefs of La Presentation (from 1760, Oswegatchie) c.1750 - af.1797 Council of Chiefs (12 lineages of life chiefs) Chiefs of St. Regis (title of life chief: Rotinonhkwiseres) c.1760 – 1867 Council of Chiefs (12 lineages [to 1806, 9 lineages] of life chiefs) 1867 – 1888 Council of Chiefs (3 life and 2 elected positions) - John Isaac (life chief) - George Thomas (life chief) (d. 1893) - Alexander Thompson (d. 1895) (life chief) - Peter Skin (to 1879) - Loran Solomon (to 1877) (d. 1889) - Mitchell Solomon (1877 – 1883) - John Sawatis (1879 – 1885) - Loran Jacobs (1883 – 1886) (d. 1886) - Thomas Lazore (1885 – 1888) 1888 – 1891 John Square 1891 – 1895 Mitchell Jacobs (1st time) (d. 1915) 1895 – 1897 Joseph Thompson 1897 – 1898 John Skin (d. 1899) 1898 – 1899 No elections 1899 – 1902 John Angus Louis ? (heads list of councillors in 1899 and 1901) 1902 – 1906 No elections 1906 – 1909 Mitchell Friday 1909 – 1915 Mitchell Jacobs (2nd time) (s.a.) 1915 – 1918 John Jacobs (1st time) 1918 – 1928 No elections 1928 – 1931 John Jacobs (2nd time) 1931 – 1934 Thomas Oakes 1934 – 1937 John Jacobs (3rd time) 1937 – 1940 Louis Sunday 1940 – 1943 Frank K. Leaf (1st time) (d. 1963) 1943 – 1946 Mitchell Oakes 1946 – 1948 Clifford White (1st time) 1948 – 1952 John J. Peters 1952 – 1954 David Benedict (d. 1958) 1954 – 1956 Clifford White (2nd time) 1956 – 1958 Frank K. Leaf (2nd time) (s.a.) 1958 – 1962 Ralph Whitebean 1960 – 1963 Alex H. Oakes 1963 – 1964 Florence Thomas (f) 1964 – 1970 Angus Mitchell (b. 1903 – d. 1988) 1970 – 1972 William Sunday (1st time) 1972 – 1974 Lawrence Francis (1st time) (b. 1943 – d. 2005) 1974 – 1976 William Sunday (2nd time) 1976 – 1978 Lawrence Francis (2nd time) (s.a.) 1978 Mary David (f) 1978 – 1980 Angus Bonaparte (b. 1920 – d. 2000) 1980 – 1984 Lawrence Francis (3rd time) (s.a.) 1984 – 1988 Michael K. Mitchell (b. 1948) Grand Chiefs 1988 – 1994 Michael K. Mitchell (1st time) (s.a.) 1994 – 1997 Russell B. Roundpoint 1997 – 2000 Michael K. Mitchell (2nd time) (s.a.) 2000 – Jul 2000 Raymond Mitchell (1st time) (acting) Jul 2000 – Apr 2002 Michael K. Mitchell (3rd time) (s.a.) Apr 2002 – 21 Jun 2003 Raymond Mitchell (2nd time) 21 Jun 2003 – 2006 Angela "Angie" Barnes (f) 2006 – Jul 2009 Timothy D. Thompson Jul 2009 - 2015 Michael K. Mitchell (4th time) (s.a.)2015 - 15 Jul 2024 Abraham "Abram" Benedict 15 Jul 2024 -14 Sep 2024 Cindy Francis-Mitchell (f) (acting) 14 Sep 2024 - Leonard Akwiratekha Lazore

Mohawks of Kahnawa:ke


Flag of Mohawk Nation (unofficial)

1668 Settlement (La Prairie) by the Iroquois (majority Mohawk) emigrants from the Five Nations confederacy (details under Onondaga, in the U.S.).1680 French land grant ("reduction") at Sault St.-Louis to the Jesuit Fathers for the use by the Iroquois.c.1720 – c.1830 Seven Nations of Canada, a confederacy of Indian settlements in Quebec; the final Seven Nations were: Mohawks of Sault St. Louis (location of the Grand Council of the confederacy), Hurons of Lorette (present Huronne-Wendat, the ceremonial chair of the confederacy), Abénakis of St. Francis and Bécancour (present Odanak, Abénakis de Wôlinak), Mohawks of St. Regis (present Mohawks of Akwesasne), Mohawks of Lake of Two Mountains (present Mohawks of Kanesatake), Algonquins and Nipissings of Lake of Two Mountains (two separate nations; present Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg).1760 Alliance with the British by the treaty with the Seven Nations (in 1762, the Jesuit title to the land grant vested with the Crown).1854 Sault Saint Louis Reserve (from 1981, referred to as the Kahnawake Mohawk Territory) organized.1874 – 1968 Caughnawaga Indian Agency established.1889 Iroquois of Caughnawaga Band Council imposed by Canada; the Council of Chiefs continues in opposition to at least 1923 with no recognition by Canada.22 May 1981 Renamed Mohawks of Kahnawake.2012 Renamed Mohawks of Kahnawà:ke.Chiefs c.1694 – 1889 Council of Chiefs (7 lineages [to c.1840, 9 lineages] of life chiefs, title: Rotinonhkwiseres; composition as of 1878 below) - Louis Beauvais (b. 1833 – d. af.1889) - Thomas Deer (d. 1887) - Thomas B. Jocks (b. 1859 – d. 1893) - Peter Murray (b. 1837 – d. af.1881) - Thomas Rice (b. 1852 – d. af.1886) - Louis Morris "Itaiorakaron" (b. 1813? - d. 1885) - Joseph Williams (b. 1846 - d. 1885)Chief Councillors (also referred to as the mayors)(leaders of municipal style council) 1889 – 1890 Thomas B. Jocks (s.a.)1890 – af.1891 Louis F. Jackson (b. 1843 – d. 19..)c.1892 Angus Patton bf.1897 - 1898 Michel Daillebout1898 – 1899 No elections1899 – 190. Pierre Beauvais (b. 1860 – d. 19..)c.19.. Angus Pattonc.1914 Frank McDonald Jacobsc.1917 John T. Dailleboutc.1919 Peter J. Delisle (1st time)c.1924 Joseph Canadianc.1927 Louis K. Beauvais (d. 1927)c.1930 Peter Williamsc.1932 Peter J. Delisle (2nd time)c.1933 Joseph M. Lefebvrec.1938 Joseph Delisle (1st time)c.1939 Peter K. Delislec.1941 Andrew Delislec.1943 Peter Lazarec.1944 Joseph Delisle (2nd time)c.1949 Harry BeauvaisChiefs1952 – 4 Jul 1956 Joseph A. Beauvais (b. 1899 – d. 1958) 1956 – 1958 Michael T. Montour 1958 – 195. Mike Lefebvre 1958 - 1962 Matthew Lazare 1962 - 1964 John Lazare 1964 – 1970 Andrew T. Delisle (1st time) (b. 1933 - d. 2019)1970 – 1976 Ronald Kirby (b. 1936 – d. 2011)1976 – 1980 Andrew T. Delisle (2nd time) (s.a.)1980 – 1982 Joseph "Joe" Tokwiro Norton (b. 1949 - d. 2020)Grand Chiefs1982 – 3 Jul 2004 Joseph "Joe" Tokwiro Norton (s.a.) (1st time) 3 Jul 2004 - 22 Jun 2015 Michael Ahríhron Delisle (b. 1965) 22 Jun 2015 - 14 Aug 2020 Joseph "Joe" Tokwiro Norton (s.a.) (2nd time)Aug 2020 - 5 Jul 2021 Tonya Perron (f) (chairperson of the Mohawk Council of Kahnawake) 5 Jul 2021 - 8 Jul 2024 Kahsennenhawe Sky-Deer (f) (b. 1979) 8 Jul 2024 - Cody Diabo (= Ohén:ton Í:iente ne Ratitsénhaienhs)

Mohawks of Kanesatake


Flag of Mohawk Nation (unofficial) in use
locally 2015/17

c.1720 -c.1830 Part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see Mohawks of Kahnawake).1721 Disputed French land grant (Iroquois de Lac des Deux Montagnes), by 1841 not recognized by Lower Canada.1874 – 1968 Lake of Two Mountains (from 1910, Oka) Indian agency (1947-1958 closed).1876 Renamed Iroquois of Oka.1945 Crown land set aside, no formal reserve or treaty.1987 Renamed Mohawks of Kanesatake.Chiefsc.1696 - 1899 Council of Chiefs [3 lineages of life chiefs]1899 – af.1902 Joseph Gabriel (d. 193.)c.1917 Peter Angusc.1943 George Creec.1961 James MontourGrand Chiefs (life chiefs chairing the Council of Chiefs)1969/76 - 19.. ....bf.1982 - 1986 Hugh Nicholasc.1987 Alex Montour198. - 1988 Clarence Simon (1st time)1988 - 1989 Crawford Gabriel (b. 1943 - d. 2002)1989 - 1990 Clarence Simon (2nd time)1990 - 1991 George MartinGrand Chiefs1991 - 1996 Jerry Peltier1996 - 2001 James Gabriel (1st time) (b. 1967)2001 - 2002 Steven Bonspille (1st time)2002 - 2004 James Gabriel (2nd time) (s.a.)2004 - 2008 Steven Bonspille (2nd time)2008 - 2011 Paul Nichols (b. 1973)2011 - 31 Jul 2021 Serge Otsi Simon31 Jul 2021 - Victor Akwirente Bonspille

Montagnais de Pakua Shipi

c.1880 Known as St.-Augustin, no treaty or reserve. 1914 - 1957 St. Augustin Indian agency. 1987 Renamed Montagnais de Pakua Shipi. Chiefs bf.1982 - af.1997 Charles Mark c.1998 Jérôme Mestenapéo bf.2001 - af.2002 Marcel Lalo (1st time) bf.2007 - 2012 Christiane Lalo (f) 2012 - 2020 Denis Mestenapéo(1st time)2020 - 2022 Guy Mestenapeo2022 - 2024 Denis Mestenapéo (2nd time)2024 - Marcel Lalo (2nd time)

Montagnais de Unamen Shipu

c.1880 Known as Romaine, no treaty. 1956 Reserve set aside. 1990 - 1997 Renamed Montagnais de la Romaine. 1997 Renamed Montagnais de Unamen Shipu.Chiefsc.1880 Charles Lafontaine bf.1982 - af.1988 Jean-Baptiste Lalo (1st time) bf.1989 - af.1991 Georges Bacon (1st time) bf.1992 - 1997 Jean-Baptiste Lalo (2nd time) 1997 - af.1999 Georges Bacon (2nd time) bf.2001 - 2003 Edmond Mestenapéo 2003 - 2005 Jean-Baptiste Lalo (3rd time) 2005 - 2007 Georges Bacon (3rd time) 2007 - 2009 Guy Bellefleur 2009 - 2011 Georges Bacon (4th time) 2011 - 2013 Raymond Bellefleur (1st time) 2013 - 2015 Adélard Bellefleur 2015 - 2017 Alain Lalo 2017 - 2023 Bryan Mark 2023 - Raymond Bellefleur (2nd time)

Naskapi of Kawawachikamach

c.1949 Known as Fort Chimo, no treaty or reserve. 1972 Renamed Naskapis of Schefferville. 1978 The Northeastern Quebec Agreement of 1978 effective. 1992 - 1995 Renamed Naskapis of Quebec. 1995 Renamed Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach.Chiefs1968 - 1990 Joseph Guanish (b. 1931 - d. 2017) 1990 - 1997 George Shecanapish 1997 - 2003 Phillip Einish (1st time) 2003 - 2004 Elijah Einish 2004 - 2006 Jimmy Einish 2006 - 2009 Phillip Einish (2nd time) 2009 - 2012 Louis Einish 2012 - 2013 Isaac Pien 2013 - 2021 Noah Swappie2021 - 2024 Theresa Chemaganish (f)2024 - Louise Nattawappio (f)

Odanak

1700 French land grant (Abénakis de St.-François), in 1760 confirmed by the British. c.1720 - c.1830 Abénaki (as single nation) a part of the Seven Nations of Canada (see under Mohawks of Kahnawake). 1856 Constitution adopted. 1873 - 1962 St. Francis (from 1910, Pierreville) Indian agency. 1962 Renamed Odanak. First Grand chiefs (by precedence)bf.1750 - 18.. .... bf.1841 - 1857 Ignace Portneuf (b. 1792 - d. 1857) 18.. - 1876 Louis Watso (b. 1788 - d. 1895) Chiefs 187. - 1880 Solomon Benedict (b. 1839 - d. ....) 1880 - 1894 Joseph Laurent (b. 1839 - d. 1917) 1894 - 1914 Henry Masta (b. 1853 - d. 1943) c.1977 Walter Watso c.1982 Albert O'Bomsawin (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1988 Fernand O'Bomsawin (1st time) bf.1990 - af.1991 Albert O'Bomsawin (2nd time) c.1992 Fernand O'Bomsawin (2nd time) bf.1997 - 2007 Gilles O'Bomsawin 2007 - Richard O'Bomsawin

Ouje-Bougoumou Cree

2014 Separated from Cree of Mistissini (Ouje-Bougoumou Cree Nation), covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975. Chiefs bf.1966 - af.1974 Jimmy Mianscum bf.1991 - 2001 Abel Bosum 2001 - 2007 Sam Bosum 2007 - 2011 Louise Wapachee (f) 2011 - 2015 Reggie Neeposh 2015 - 2023 Curtis Bosum 2023 - Gaston Cooper

Pekuakamiulnuatsh

1853 Known as Montagnais du Lac St.-Jean, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1873 - 1969 Lake St. John (from 1910, Pointe Bleue) Indian Agency established. 2016 Renamed Pekuakamiulnuatsh.Chiefsc.1849 Simeon c.1857 Basile bf.1895 - 1898 François Jourdain 1898 - af.1899 Patrick Cleary c.1965 Harry Kurtness 1975 - 1983 Aurelian Gill (1st time) (b. 1933 – d. 2015) 1983 - 1987 Armand-Noe Germain (b. 1945 – d. 2005) 1987 - 1989 Aurelian Gill (2nd time) (s.a.) bf.1991 - 1997 Rémy Kurtness 1997 - 2003 Clifford Moar (1st time) 2003 - 2010 Gilbert Dominique (1st time) 2010 - 2013 Clifford Moar (2nd time) 2013 - 2017 Gilbert Dominique (2nd time) 2017 - 3 Aug 2021 Clifford Moar (3rd time) 3 Aug 2021 - Gilbert Dominique (3rd time)

Timiskaming

1853 Known as Temiscamingue, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1887 - 1968 Timiskaming (to 1903, Temiscamingue) Indian agency. 1934 Renamed Timiskaming.Chiefs185. - 18.. .... c.1877 Hilarion Masinikiyik bf.1896 - 1899 Tanis Stanger (1st time) 1899 – 190. John Polson 1903 – 1909 John King 1909 – 1913 Isaac McBride 1913 – 1915 Jean Masinikiyik 1915 – 1920 John McBride 1920 – 1925 Tanis Stanger (2nd time) 1925 – 1932 John Chevrier 1932 – 1933 B.F. Wabie (1st time) 1933 – 1936 Augustin Wabie 1936 – 1939 Richard Polson 1939 – 1945 B.F. Wabie (2nd time) 1945 – 1960 Wilfred McBride 1960 – 1965 Henry Polson 1965 – 1968 Thomas Chevrier 1968 – 1980 Albert McBride (1st time) 1980 – 1984 Randy Polson (1st time) 1984 – 1986 Albert McBride (2nd time) 1986 – 1988 Randy Polson (2nd time) 1988 – 1990 Raymond Polson 1990 – 2000 Carol McBride (f) 2000 – 2002 Daniel Chief 2002 – 2004 Beverly Polson (f) 2004 – 2010 Conrad Polson 2010 – 2012 Arden McBride (1st time) 2012 - 2016 Terrance McBride 2016 - 2019 Wayne McKenzie 2019 - 2021 Sacha Wabie (f)2021 - 2022 Arden McBride (2nd time) 2022 - 2023 Jean Miljour 2023 - Vicky Chief (f)

Waswanipi

[Cree Nation of Waswanipi
(Quebec, Canada)]

c.1930 Known as Waswanipi, no treaty. 1962 Reserve set aside. 1977 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective. Chiefs 1927 - 1928 Noah Diamond 1928 - 1930 Peter Nayassit 1930 - 1934 Alex Cooper 1934 - 1939 Joseph Saganash 1939 - 1967 Diom Blacksmith 1967 Allan Cooper 1967 - 1970 Louis Gull 1970 - 1980 Peter Gull (b. 1943 - d. 2003) 1980 – 1981 Simon Ottereyes 1981 - 1982 Billy Ottereyes 1982 - 1990 Abel Kitchen 1990 - 1993 Allan Happyjack 1993 - 1999 John Kitchen (1st time) 1999 - 2002 Paul Gull (1st time) 2004 - 2007 Robert Kitchen 2007 - 2010 John Kitchen (2nd time) 2010 - 2014 Paul Gull (2nd time) 2014 - 2022 Marcel Happyjack 2022 - Irene Nepoosh (f)

Whapmagoostui

c.1949 Known as Great Whale River, no treaty or reserve. 1977 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 effective. 1990 Renamed Whapmagoostui. Chiefs 1949 - 19.. Sam Masty c.1955 John Mukash (b. 1907 – d. 1998) c.1965 John Petagumskum 1974 - 1977 Joseph Petagumskum 1977 - 1985 Robbie Dick (1st time) 1985 - 1987 Isaac Masty 1987 - 1992 Robbie Dick (2nd time) 1994 - 2000 Matthew Mukash (b. 1951) 2000 - 2006 David Masty (b. 19.. - d. 2007) 2006 - 2009 Losty Mimianskum 2009 – 2016 Stanley George 2016 - 2020 Louisa Wynne (f) 2020 - Robbie Kawapit

Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk

1853 Known as Malécite de Viger, reserve set aside, no treaty. 1879 - 1949 Viger (from 1910, Cacouna) Indian agency. Aug 2019 Renamed Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk. Chiefs 1841 - af.1853 Louis Thomas (b. 1766 - d. 1869) bf.1895 - af.1899 Edouard Denis Grand Chiefs 1987 - af.1990 Jean-Marie Aubin bf.1991 - af.1992 Gaetane Aubin (f) bf.1995 - 1999 Bernard Jenniss 1999 - Dec 2004 Anne Archambault (f) (1st time) (b. 1955 - d. 2023) Dec 2004 - Feb 2006 Jean Genest Feb 2006 - 2008 Council 2008 - 2016 Anne Archambault (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) 2016 - Jacques Tremblay

Wolf Lake

[Wolf Lake First Nation
(Quebec, Canada)]

c.1910 Known as Wolf Lake, no treaty or reserve. Chiefs bf.1910 - af.1924 Joe Petrimond (d. bf.1931) c.1958 Gabriel Paul bf.1967 - af.1972 Francis Paul bf.1980 - af.1982 Andrew Paul bf.1986 - 1987 Richard Miness 1987 - 2018 Harold St. Denis (b. 1957 - d. 2018) 2018 - Lisa Robinson (f)

Saskatchewan
Ahtahkakoop

[Ahtahkakoop First
Nation flag (Saskatchewan, Canada)]
Adopted Sep 1994

1876 Signed the Treaty No.6 (Ahtahkakoop). 1916 - 1986 Renamed Sandy Lake. Co-Head chief of the House People (Plains Cree in the north-western part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1876 John Starblanket (Atahkakohp) (b. 1816 – d. 1896) Chiefs 1876 – 1896 John Starblanket (Atahkakohp) (s.a.) 1896 – 1898 Band council [4 headmen] 1898 – 1926 Basil Starblanket (b. 18.. - d. 1926) (Kaynayoostatin) 1927 – 1957 Allan Ahenakew (1st time) (b. 1892 – d. 19..) 1957 – 1960 Lance Ahenakew (1st time) (b. 1916) 1960 – 1968 Allan Ahenakew (2nd time) (s.a.) 1968 – 1972 Paul Ahenakew (1st time) 1972 – 1974 Lance Ahenakew (2nd time) (s.a.) 1974 – 1980 Paul Ahenakew (2nd time) 1980 – 1985 Frederick "Fred" Sasakamoose (b. 1933 - d. 2020) 1985 – 1990 Barry Leslie Ahenakew (1st time) 1990 – 1992 Clifford S. Ahenakew 1992 – 2005 Barry Leslie Ahenakew (2nd time) 1 Jul 2005 - Larry Davis Ahenakew

Beardy's and Okemasis
1876 Signed the Treaty Nr. 6 (Beardy's). 1887 - 1969 Duck Lake Indian agency. 1911 Renamed Beardy's and Okemasis. Head chief of the Willow (Parklands) People (Plains Cree in the central part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1876 Kahmeeyistoowaysit "Beardy" (b. 1828 - d. 1889) Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Kahmeeyistoowaysit "Beardy" (s.a.) 1885 - 1936 Vacant c.1973 Leo A. Cameron c.1978 Andrew H. Michael (1st time) c.1982 Ralph H. Gardippie c.1987 Andrew H. Michael (2nd time) bf.1989 - 1994 Richard J. Gamble (1st time) 1994 - 1998 Edgar A. Thomas 1998 - 2000 Richard J. Gamble (2nd time) 2000 Dale Gamble (acting) c.2003 Garnet Eyahpaise bf.2008 - 2011 Richard J. Gamble (3rd time) 2011 - 2014 Remonda A. Gardypie (f) 2014 - 2017 Richard J. Gamble (4th time) 2017 - 2020 Claude Petit2020 - Edwin Ananas

Big Island Lake Cree1913 Separated from Ministikwan Lake, under the Treaty No. 6 (Joseph Bighead). 2001 Renamed Big Island Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1913 - 19.. Joseph Bighead (Napew) c.1973 Leo Bighead c.1978 Phillip Kahpeepatow bf.1982 - af.2003 Ernest Sundown bf.2007 - 2009 Ernest Cree 2009 - 2015 David G. Sandfly (1st time) 2015 - 2019 Roland Ochuschayo 2019 - David G. Sandfly (2nd time)

Big River1878 Signed the Treaty No.6 of 1876 (from 1880, named Kenemotayo). c.1916 Renamed Big River. Chiefs 1878 - 1879 Sasewahum (d. 1879) 1880 - 191. Kenemotayo c.1914 Band council [3 headmen] c.1918 Papeewahin (b. 1874 – d. 1961) c.19.. Joe Whitefish 1971 - 1973 George Whitefish (1st time) 1973 - 1977 Albert Lachance c.1978 George Whitefish (2nd time) 1979 - 1987 John G. Joseph 1987 - 1993 John Keenatch 1993 - 1996 Vital Lachance 1996 - 1999 Douglas Joseph 1999 - 2019 Bruce D. Morin 2019 - 2023 Jack Rayne 2023 - Jonathan Bear

Birch Narrows1972 Separated from Buffalo River, under the Treaty No. 10 (Turnor Lake). 1996 Renamed Birch Narrows. Chiefs 1972 - 1973 Joseph G. OneEye 1973 - 1978 Lambert Sylvester (1st time) 1978 - 1982 Leon Cataract 1982 - 1984 Lambert Sylvester (2nd time) 1984 - 1988 Jerome Paul Sylvester 1988 - 1990 Eric Sylvester 1990 - 1994 Jean Campbell 1994 - 1998 Wanda M. Cataract (f) 1998 - 2014 Robert J. Sylvestre 2014 - Jonathan P. Sylvestre

Black Lake1948 Separated from Fond du Lac, under the Treaty No. 8 (Stony Rapids). 1986 Renamed Black Lake. Chiefs 1948 - 1972 Louis Chicken 1972 - 1974 Pierre Robillard 1974 - 1976 Billy Sandypoint 1976 - 1982 Leon Thomas Cook 1982 Ben Toutsaint 1982 - 1983 Leon Alphonse 1983 - 1984 Joe Robillard 1984 - 1994 Daniel Robillard 1994 - 1996 Donald Sayazie (1st time) 1996 - 1999 Ronald A. Robillard 1999 - 2000 Edwin Boneleye 2000 - 2004 Victor Echodh 2004 - 2008 Frederick Thorassie 2008 - 2012 Donald Sayazie (2nd time) 2012 - 2016 Rickey L. Robillard 2016 - 2020 Coreen Sayazie (f)(1st time) 2020 - 2021 Archie Robillard 2021 - Coreen Sayazie (f)(2nd time)

Buffalo River Dene1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Clear Lake). 1934 Renamed Peter Pond Lake. 1972 Renamed Buffalo River. 1996 Renamed Buffalo River Dene Nation. Chiefs 1906 - 1911 Raphael Bedshidekkge 1911 - 1932 Pierre Nezcroche 1932 - 1940 Raphael Campbell 1940 - 1972 Alexander Campbell c.1973 Felix Sylvester bf.1978 - af.1982 Jerome "Jerry" Noolchos (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1992 Alex G. Billette 199. - 1994 Jerome "Jerry" Noolchos (2nd time) 1994 - 2005 Elmer Campbell (1st time) 2005 - 2009 Louis Chanalquay 2009 - 2013 Debbie A. Billette (f) 2013 - 2015 Lance B. Byhette 2015 - 2019 Eileen Morrison (f) 2019 - 2022 Elmer Campbell (2nd time) 2022 - Norma Catarat (f)

Canoe Lake Cree1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Canoe Lake). 1913 - 1936 Ile-a-la-Crosse Indian agency. 2018 Renamed Canoe Lake Cree. Chiefs 1906 - 19.. John Iron c.1973 Ted Iron c.1978 John Iron, Jr. c.1982 Francis Iron (1st time) c.1987 Kenneth T. Iron bf.1989 - 1993 Francis Iron (2nd time) 1993 - 1998 J. Guy LaRiviere (1st time) 1998 - 2000 Francis Iron (3rd time) 2000 - 2010 J. Guy LaRiviere (2nd time) 2010 - 2014 Robert L. Opekokew 2014 - Francis Iron (4th time)

Carry The Kettle1877 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Indian Head). 1886 - 1935 Assiniboine Indian agency. 1891 Renamed Carry The Kettle. Chiefs 1877 - 1891 Cuwkencaayu "Man Who Took (d. 1891) the Coat" 1891 - 1923 Cega Kin "Carry the Kettle" (d. 1923) 1923 - 19.. Silas Adams c.1972 Daniel Kennedy bf.1973 - 1988 Antoine "Tony" Ashdoehonk 1988 - 2000 James L. O'Watch bf.2002 - 2006 K. Barry Kennedy (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Lauren Hotomani (f) 2008 - 2010 K. Barry Kennedy (2nd time) 2010 - 2012 Ivan B. Thompson 2012 - 2016 K. Barry Kennedy (3rd time) 2016 - 2018 Elsie Jack (f) 2018 - 2022 Brady O'Watch 2022 - Scott Eashappie

Clearwater River Dene1926 Separated from Fort McMurray, under the Treaty No. 8 (Portage La Loche). 1986 Renamed Big C. 1996 Renamed Clearwater River Dene. Chiefs 1926 - 19.. .... c.1937 Alphonse Piche c.1973 Louis Haineault bf.1978 - 1993 Frank Piche 1993 - 2013 J. Roy Cheecham 2013 - Teddy J. Clark

Cote 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Cote). 1888 – 1969 Pelly (1894-1903 Swan River) Indian agency. Chiefs 1874 - 1884 Gabriel Cote (Mimiy "Pigeon") (d. 1884) 1884 - 1912 Joseph Cote 1912 - 1942 Jimmy Cote 1942 - 1944 Donald Cote 1944 - 1946 John Pelly 1946 - 1956 Allen Fiddler 1956 - 1962 Johnny Severight (1st time) 1962 - 1964 Hector Badger 1964 - 1966 Johnny Severight (2nd time) 1966 - 1969 Albert Cote 1969 - 1974 Antoine "Tony" Cote (1st time) (b. 1935 – d. 2019) 1974 Richard Whitehawk 1974 - 1978 Antoine "Tony" Cote (2nd time) (s.a.) 1978 - 1982 Norman Stevenson 1982 - 1992 Alfred J. Stevenson 1992 - 1994 Patrick Cote 1994 - 1996 George Tourangeau 1996 Lawrence Cote 1996 - 2000 James A. Severight 2000 - 2016 A. Norman Whitehawk 2016 - George P. Cote

Cowessess1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Cowessess). Chiefs 1874 - 1886 Kiwisance "Little Child" (d. 1886) 1887 - 1890 Louis O'Soup (b. 183. – d. 1913) bf.1897 - af.1899 Nepahpeness 1903 - af.1909 Joseph Lerat bf.1973 - af.1978 Kenneth L. Sparvier (1st time) c.1982 Gordon D. Lerat (1st time) c.1985 Henry Delorme bf.1987 - af.1990 Kenneth L. Sparvier (2nd time) c.1991 Lionel K. Sparvier (1st time) bf.1992 - 1996 Terry W. Lavalle (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Lionel K. Sparvier (2nd time) bf.2000 - 2002 Terrence Pelletier 2002 - af.2004 Patricia Sparvier (f) bf.2006 - 2010 Gordon D. Lerat (2nd time) 2010 - 2013 Grady M. Lerat 2013 - 2016 Terry W. Lavalle (2nd time) 2016 - 2023 Cadmus Delorme 2023 - Erica J. Beaudin (f)

Cumberland House Cree1876 Signed the Treaty No. 5 of 1875 (Cumberland House). 1996 Renamed Cumberland House Cree Nation Chiefs 1876 - 1880 John Cochrane (d. 1880) 1880 - 1886 Albert Flett (1st time) (d. 1902) 1886 - 1889 Samuel Greenleaf 1889 - 1892 Albert Flett (2nd time) (s.a.) 1892 - 1895 Jeremiah Crane 1895 - 1897 Albert Flett (3rd time) (s.a.) 1898 - 1901 Jeremiah Crane (headman) 1901 - 1910 Vacant 1910 - 1977 .... c.1973 Tom Settee 1977 - 1981 Pierre Settee (1st time) 1981 - 1986 Joseph Laliberte 1986 - 1999 Pierre Settee (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Walter G. Sewap (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Pierre Settee (3rd time) 2003 - 2005 Peter Laliberte 2005 - 2009 Walter G. Sewap (2nd time) 2009 - 2018 Lorne G. Stewart 2018 - Rene Chaboyer

Day Star1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Day Star). Chiefs 1874 - 1892 Kisecawchuck "Day Star" (d. 1892) bf.1897-af.1899 "Crow Buffalo" (headman) 1912 – 1935 Kinequon 1936 – 1964 James Kinequon 1964 – 1967 Morris Kinequon 1967 – 1969 Anthony Kinequon 1969 – 1971 Mark Kinequon 1971 – 1973 Hilliard Crow Buffalo 1973 – 1979 Steven Kapay 1979 – 1981 Tony Kinequon 1981 – 1987 Lloyd Kinequon 1987 – 1999 Cameron L. Kinequon 1999 - af.2003 Nelson Wright bf.2007 - 2009 Glen Buffalo 2009 - Lloyd W. Buffalo

English River1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (English River). Chiefs 1906 - 19.. William Apisis bf.1973 - af.1978 Jean Baptiste Sandypoint c.1982 Edward Black c.1987 Joseph W. Everett c.1989 Patrick Cambell bf.1990 - 1993 Louis George 1993 - 2001 Archie J. Campbell (1st time) 2001 - 2003 Alfred Dawatsare (1st time) 2003 - 2005 Tobie Aubichon 2005 - 2007 Archie J. Campbell (2nd time) 2007 - 2009 Raphael Paul 2009 - 2013 Alfred Dawatsare (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Marie Black (f) 2015 - 2019 Lawrence McIntyre 2019 - 2023 Jerry Bernard 2023 - Alfred Dawatsare (3rd time)

Fishing Lake1907 Separated from Yellow Quill, under the Treaty No. 4 (Fishing Lake). Chiefs 1907 - 1914 Vacant 1914 - 1956 Sabitawasis (b. c.1864 – d. 1956) 1956 - 1964 Arthur Anderson (1st time) 1964 - 1966 Joe F. Young 1966 - 1968 Arthur Anderson (2nd time) 1968 - 1970 Percy Severight 1970 - 1974 George Kayseas (1st time) 1974 - 1978 Matthew Smoke 1978 - 1984 George Kayseas (2nd time) 1984 - 1994 Allan Paquachan (1st time) 1994 - 1996 Michael Desjarlais (1st time) 1996 - af.2001 Allan Paquachan (2nd time) bf.2003 - 2007 Michael Desjarlais (2nd time) 2007 - 2009 Allan Paquachan (3rd time) 2009 - 2011 Shirley Wolfe (f) 2011 - 2015 Allan Paquachan (4th time) 2015 - Derek W. Sunshine

Flying Dust 1878 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Kapahawakenum). 1902 Renamed Meadow Lake. 1948 - 1970 Meadow Lake Indian agency. 1978 Renamed Flying Dust. Chiefs 1878 - af.1885 Kapahawakenum "Flying Dust" bf.1897 - 1898 Band council [3 headmen] 1898 - af.1899 Alfred Mirasty (Moostoos) 1909 - 1918 James Bear 1918 - 1923 Vacant 1923 - 19.. Matchee c.1973 Frank Mirasty (1st time) (b. 1931) 1976 – 197. Frank Mirasty (2nd time) (s.a.) c.1978 Albert P. Derocher 19.. - 1982 Frank Mirasty (3rd time) (s.a.) 1982 - 1984 .... 1984 - 1996 Richard Gladue (1st time) 1996 Gerald Durocher 1996 - 1998 Bobby E. Mirasty 1998 - 2004 Richard Merasty 2004 - 2008 Percy Derocher 2008 - 2012 James Norman 2012 - 2014 Robert A. Merasty 2014 - 2016 Richard Gladue (2nd time) 2016 - 2022 Jeremy Norman 2022 - Tyson Bear

Fond du Lac1899 Signed the Treaty No. 8 (Fond du Lac). Chiefs 1899 - 19.. Maurice Piche c.1930 Joseph Dziedins c.1973 Adolphus B. Mercredi (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Pierre Fern 1978 - 1980 August Mercredi (1st time) 1980 - 1981 Germain Adam 1981 - 1985 Adolphus B. Mercredi (2nd time) 1985 - 1987 August Mercredi (2nd time) 1987 George Fern (1st time) 1987 - 1989 Roger Mercredi 1989 - 1991 August Mercredi (3rd time) 1991 - 1992 Napoleon J. Mercredi (1st time) 1992 - 1993 George Fern (2nd time) 1993 Joe Marten 1993 - 1994 August Mercredi (4th time) 1994 - 1995 Adolphus B. Mercredi (3rd time) 1995 - 1996 Napoleon J. Mercredi (2nd time) 1996 - 1998 Caroline D. Isadore (f) 1998 - 1999 Napoleon J. Mercredi (3rd time) 1999 - 2004 I. Edward Marten 2004 - 2005 Alan B. Adam 2005 - 2007 Victor D. Fern 2007 - 2009 Albert Mercredi 2009 - 2011 Napoleon J. Mercredi (4th time) 2011 - 2015 Earl J. Lidguere 2015 - 2017 Jerry R. Adam 2017 - 2021 Louis Mercredi2021 - 2024 Kevin Mercredi 2024 - Ronnie Augier

George Gordon 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Gordon). 2007 Renamed George Gordon. Chiefs 1874 - 1894 George Gordon (Kaneonuskatew "Walks on Four Claws") (d. 1894) bf.1897 - af.1899 Band council [3 headmen] bf.1973 - af.1982 Hilliard McNab bf.1987 - af.1991 Wayne Morris bf.1992 - 1996 Bryan A. McNabb (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Dennis R. Hunter bf.2000 - 2008 Bryan A. McNabb (2nd time) 2008 - 2010 Ken Sinclair 2010 - 2012 Glen Pratt 2012 - 2016 Shawn R. Longman (1st time) 2016 - 2017 Bryan A. McNabb (3rd time) 2017 - 2018 John McNab 2018 - 2024 Byron Bitternose2024 - Shawn R. Longman (2nd time)

Hatchet Lake 1906 Signed the Treaty No. 10 (Lac La Hache). 1990 Renamed Hatchet Lake. Chiefs 1906 - 19.. Thomas Benaouni c.1973 Martin Josie (1st time) 1976 - 1977 Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (1st time) 1977 - 1978 Joseph Besskkaystare 1978 - 1981 Martin Josie (2nd time) 1981 - 1984 Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (2nd time) 1984 - 1986 A. Hector Kkailther (1st time) 1986 - 1987 Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (3rd time) 1987 - 1988 Angus Joseyounen (1st time) 1988 - 1991 Edward Benonie 1991 - 1993 Joseph B. "Joe" Tsannie (4th time) 1993 - 1994 Alfred Tsannie 1994 - 1996 Emilien Hanson (1st time) 1996 - 1998 A. Hector Kkailther (2nd time) 1998 Emilien Hanson (2nd time) 1998 - 2000 Laura F. Natomagan (f) 2000 - 2002 Louis P. Josie (1st time) 2002 - 2004 Angus Joseyounen (2nd time) 2004 - 2007 Louis P. Josie (2nd time) 2007 - 2009 Rosalie E. Tsannie-Burseth (f) 2009 - Bartholomew J. Tsannie

James Smith Cree


Former Flag


Current Flag

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (James Smith). Chiefs 1876 - 1902 James Smith (d. 1902) 1903 - 1937 James Head (d. 1937) 1938 - 1946 Edward McLean 1946 - 1953 Abel McLeod 1953 - 1955 John W. Sanderson 1955 - 1959 George Burns 1959 - 1963 William J. Head (1st time) 1963 John M. McLeod (d. 1963) 1963 - 1965 Samuel Moostoos (1st time) 1965 - 1969 William J. Head (2nd time) 1969 Samuel Moostoos (2nd time) 1969 - 1971 William J. Head (3rd time) 1971 - 1973 Simon R. Brittain 1973 - 1979 Solomon Sanderson 1979 - 1981 James R. Burns 1981 - 1983 Isaac Daniels 1983 - 1987 Angus McLean 1987 - 1989 Terry Sanderson (1st time) 1989 - 1992 Walter J. Constant (1st time) 1992 - 1997 Terry Sanderson (2nd time) 1997 - 2000 Eddie Head 2000 - 2004 Walter J. Constant (2nd time) 2004 - 2006 George M. Marion 2006 - 2008 Luther Constant 2008 - 2009 Wally R. Burns (1st time) 2009 - 2010 Calvin Sanderson 2010 - 2014 Wally R. Burns (2nd time) 2014 - 2016 Justin Burns 2016 - 2024 Wally R. Burns (3rd time)2024 - Kirby Constant

Kahkewistahaw 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Kahkewistahaw). 1885 - 1969 Crooked Lake Indian agency. 1996 Casino opened. Head chief of the Rabbit Skin People (Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] allies in the south-eastern part of Saskatchewan) bf.1860 - 1874 Kakiwistahaw "Flies Around" (b. c.1810 - d. 1905) Chiefs 1874 - 1905 Kakiwistahaw "Flies Around" (s.a.) 1905 - 1911 Vacant 1911 - 19.. Joe Louison c.1973 Louis E. Taypotat (1st time) 1976 - 1989 Louis E. Taypotat (2nd time) 1989 - 1991 Charles B. Bob 1991 - 2009 Louis E. Taypotat (3rd time) 2009 - 2013 Sheldon K. Taypotat 2013 - 2017 Louis E. Taypotat (4th time) 2017 - Evan Taypotat

Kawacatoose1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Poorman). 1886 - 1970 Touchwood Indian agency. 1990 Renamed Kawacatoose. Head chief of the Touchwood Hills People (Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] allies in eastern part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1874 Kawacatoose "Poor Man" (d. 1882) Chiefs 1874 - 1882 Kawacatoose "Poor Man" (s.a.) 1883 - 1932 Tawequaesquape "Middle of the Sky" 1932 - 1954 Edward Poorman 1954 - 1956 Edward Worm (1st time) 1956 - 1958 .... 1958 - 1966 John Skeboss (1st time) 1966 - 1968 Edward Worm (2nd time) 1968 - 1970 John Skeboss (2nd time) 1970 - 1972 Joe Littletent 1972 - 1976 Howard Dustyhorn (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Edward Desjarlais 1978 - 1982 Howard Dustyhorn (2nd time) 1982 - 2002 Richard Poorman (b. 1945 – d. 2008) bf.2006 - 2010 Dennis Dustyhorn (1st time) 2010 - 2014 Darren Poorman 2014 - 2018 Dennis Dustyhorn (2nd time) 2018 - 2022 Thomas Dustyhorn 2022 - Lee-Anne Kehler (f)

Keeseekoose
1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Keeseekoose). Chiefs 1874 - af.1899 Kishikonsh "Little Sky" c.1973 Daniel Keshane c.1978 Felix Musqua c.1982 Denzil H. Kitchemonia bf.1987 - 1996 Albert J. Musqua 1996 - 2002 Theodore D. Quewezance 2002 - 2011 Phillip Quewezance 2011 - 2014 Riel L. Keshane 2014 - 2017 Lyndon R. Musqua 2017 - 2021 Calvin Straightnose2021 - 2024 Lee Kitchemonia 2024 - Alvin T. Musqua

Kinistin Saulteaux 1907 Separated from Yellow Quill, under the Treaty No. 4 (Kinistino). 1997/2002 Renamed Kinistin Saulteaux Nation. Chiefs 1907 - af.1914 Vacant c.1973 Patrick A. Thomas (1st time) c.1978 Stanley Smokyday c.1982 Patrick A. Thomas (2nd time) bf.1987 - af.1989 Billy Scott bf.1990 - af.1992 Albert Scott (1st time) bf.1995 - 1999 Felix Thomas (1st time) 1999 - 2003 Donna Renneberg (f) 2003 - 2009 Felix Thomas (2nd time) 2009 - 2011 Peter Nippi 2011 - 2013 Albert Scott (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 David R. Scott 2015 - 2021 Gregory Scott 2021 - Felix Thomas (3rd time)

Lac La Ronge

[Lac La Ronge Indian Band
(Saskatchewan, Canada)]

11 Feb 1889 Adherence to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876(James Roberts Band). 1910 James Roberts Band split into two Bands (James Roberts Band and the Amos Charles Band). 1950 Bands amalgamated and become the Lac La Ronge Indian Band.

Chiefs of James Roberts Band (La Ronge, Sask.) 1888 - 1901 James Roberts 1901 - 1910 Amos Charles 1910 - 1946 Joseph Charles 1946 - 1950 Moses Ratt Chiefs of the Amos Charles Band (Stanley Mission, Sask.) 1910 - 1930 Amos Charles 1930 - 1945 Walter McKenzie 1945 - 1950 Nehemiah Charles Chiefs of the Lac La Ronge Indian Band 1950 - 1955 Moses Ratt -jointly with - 1950 - 1955 Nehemiah Charles 1955 - 1967 Vacant 1967 - 1969 Isaiah Charles 1969 – 1971 John Cook1971 – 1983 James Myles Venne (1st time) (b. 1918 – d. 2007)1983 – 1985 James Thomas "Tom" McKenzie1985 – 1987 James Myles Venne (2nd time) (s.a.) 1987 - 31 May 2005 Harry D. Cook31 May 2005 - Tammy M. Cook-Searson (f)

Little Black Bear

1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Little Black Bear). Chiefs 1874 - af.1888 Keeskee-hew-mus-coo-musqua "Little Black Bear" bf.1897 - af.1914 Band council [2 - 3 headmen] 1949 - 1973 Wilfred Bellegarde (b. 1921 – d. 1986) c.1978 Alex Bellegarde c.1982 Allan W. Bellegarde bf.1987 - 2010 Clarence A. Bellegarde (1st time) 2010 - 2013 Perry Bellegarde (b. 1962) 2013 - Clarence A. Bellegarde (2nd time)

Little Pine1879 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Little Pine). 2018 Casino opened. Chiefs 1879 - 1885 Minahikosis "Little Pine" (b. c.1830 - d. 1885) 1885 - af.1914 Vacant c.1973 John Frank bf.1978 - af.1987 Johnson Kakum (1st time) bf.1988 - 1990 John V. "Jonas" Semaganis 1990 - 1993 Johnson Kakum (2nd time) 1993 - 1996 Ronald Thunder 1996 - 2002 Mary A. Stoney (f) 2002 - 2005 Victor Checkosis 2005 - 2009 Patrick Bonaise 2009 - 2021 Wayne M. Semaganis2021 - Donald Ironchild

Lucky Man

1879 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Lucky Man). Chiefs 1879 - 1885 Papewe "Lucky Man" (b. 183. - d. 1901) 1885 - 1974 Vacant 1974 - 1983 Roderick Okemow (King) (1st time) 1983 - 1996 Andrew Okemow (King) 1996 - 2004 Roderick Okemow (2nd time) 2004 - 2012 Pauline R. Okemow (f) 2012 - 2016 Richard J. Okemow 2016 - Crystal Okemow (f)

Makwa Sahgaiehcan

1914 Separated from Ministikwan Lake, under the Treaty No. 6 (Loon Lake). 1982 Renamed Makwa Sahgaiehcan. Chiefs 1914 - 19.. .... c.1973 Jules Okemow c.1982 Ray B. Mitsuing (1st time) c.1987 David P. Ben c.1989 Ray B. Mitsuing (2nd time) c.1991 Gerald Kiseyinewakup bf.1995 - 1997 Ray B. Mitsuing (3rd time) 1997 - af.2001 Tom Littlespruce bf.2003 - 2005 Robert Mitsuing 2005 - 2007 Helen Ben (f) 2007 - 2009 Frank Kytwayhat 2009 - 2019 Richard J. Ben 2019 - 2023 Ronald Mitsuing2023 - Melvin Mooswa

Ministikwan Lake Cree

1909 Separated from Onion Lake, under the Treaty No. 6 (Island Lake). 2012 Renamed Ministikwan Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1909 - af.1914 Vacant c.1973 Philip Crookedneck c.1978 Peter Crookedneck (1st time) c.1980 Ernest Crookedneck (1st time) c.1982 Peter Crookedneck (2nd time) bf.1987 - af.1991 Ernest Crookedneck (2nd time) bf.1992 - 1996 Harvey Pahtaykan 1996 - 1999 Bryan R. Crookedneck 1999 - af.2001 Lawrence Crookedneck c.2003 Harvey Chief 2005 - 2021 Leslie N. Crookedneck 2021 - 2023 Leon Crookedneck 2023 - Amanda Ernest (f)

Mistawasis Nêhiyawak
1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Mistawasis). 1876 - 1969 Carlton (from 1959, Shellbrook) Indian agency. 2017 Renamed Mistawasis Nêhiyawak. Co-Head chief of the House People (Plains Cree in the north-western part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1876 Pierre Belanger (Mistawasis "Big Child") (b. c.1813 - d. 1895) Chiefs 1876 - 1895 Pierre Belanger (s.a.) 1896 - 1901 William Badger 1901 - 1906 George Dreaver (1st time) (b. c.1856 - d. 1938) 1906 - 1915 Jacob Johnstone 1915 - 1938 George Dreaver (2nd time) (s.a.) 1938 - 1963 Joseph Dreaver (b. 1891 - d. 1978) 1963 - 1969 .... 1969 - 1977 Arthur Ledoux 1977 Gladys Johnston (f) 1977 - 1979 Norman C. Johnstone (1st time) 1979 Frank Dreaver 1979 - 1983 Norman C. Johnstone (2nd time) 1983 - 1985 Philip N. Ledoux (1st time) 1985 - 1987 Norman C. Johnstone (3rd time) 1987 - 1989 Philip N. Ledoux (2nd time) 1989 - 1992 Noel Daniels 1992 - 1996 Leona Daniels (f) 1996 - 1998 Melvin J. Watson 1998 - 2007 Daryl M. Watson (1st time) 2007 - 2011 Cecil Head 2011 - 2013 Norma A. Johnstone (f) 2013 - Daryl M. Watson (2nd time)

Montreal Lake1889 Adhesion to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (William Charles). 1920 Renamed Montreal Lake. Chiefs1889 - 1920 William Charles (b. 1839 - d. 1920) 1921 - 1925 Isaiah Charles 1926 - 1929 Duncan Bird 1930 - 1945 Zaceharis Bird 1945 - 1946 Simon Bird 1947 - 1950 Edward Ross 1950 - 1957 Gideon Henderson 1957 - 1963 Gilbert Bird (1st time) 1963 - 1965 Allan J. Bird (1st time) 1965 - 1976 Gilbert Bird (2nd time) 1976 - 1978 Allan J. Bird (2nd time) 1978 - 1980 Gilbert Bird (3rd time) 1980 - 1986 Roy H. Bird (1st time) 1986 - 1991 Henry Naytowhow (1st time) 1991 - 1993 Edward N. Henderson 1993 - 1996 Roy H. Bird (2nd time) 1996 - 1999 Henry Naytowhow (2nd time) 1999 - 2005 Richard Bird 2005 - 2008 Lionel Bird 2008 - 2011 Roger I. Bird 2011 - 2017 Edward C. Henderson 2017 - 2020 Frank Roberts2020 - Joyce McLeod (f)

Moosomin1881 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Yellow Sky). 1884 Renamed Moosomin. Chiefs 1881 - 1884 "Yellow Sky" (d. af.1891) 1884 - 1902 Mosomin (d. 1902) 1902 - 1909 Vacant 1909 - 19.. Josie Moosomin c.1973 Johnny Gladeau c.1978 James Myo bf.1982 - af.1988 Ernest Kahpeaysewat (1st time) bf.1989 - af.1992 Gerald Swiftwolfe c.1995 Ernest Kahpeaysewat (2nd time) c.1997 Jimmy T. Mooswa bf.2000 - af.2003 Mike Kahpeaysewat bf.2007 - 2009 Darlene Swiftwolfe (f) 2009 - 2011 Daniel Blackstar 2011 - 2013 Elliot Kahpeaysewat 2013 - 2021 Bradley S. Swiftwolfes2021 - 2024 Cheryl Kahpeaysewat (f) 2024 - Quenton Swiftwolfe

Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man 1878 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Mosquito). 1951 Renamed Mosquito-Grizzly Bear’s Head. 1996 Casino opened. 2007 Renamed Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man. Chiefs 1878 - 1885 Sukemaw "Mosquito" (d. 1890) 1885 - af.1914 Vacant c.1948 Jim Spyglass c.1973 Arthur Beaudry (1st time) c.1978 Martin Spyglass c.1982 Douglas Moosomin c.1987 Arthur Beaudry (2nd time) bf.1989 - 1992 Jenny Spyglass (f) 1992 - 2011 Clarence Stone 2011 - 2013 Noel Stone 2013 - 2019 Daniel Starchief 2019 - Tanya Aguilar (f)

Muscowpetung

1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Muscowpetung). 1875 - 1948 Qu'Apelle (1886-1903 Muscowpetung) Indian agency. Chiefs 1875 - af.1909 Maskawapitank "Sits Steadfastly" bf.1972 - af.1973 David Benjoe 197. - 1976 John Gambler 1976 - af.1979 Ronald Rosebluff c.1982 Eugene Anaquod (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1992 Paul Poitras bf.1994 - 2000 Eugene Anaquod (2nd time) 2000 - af.2004 W. Todd Cappo (1st time) bf.2008 - 2010 Liz Pratt-Cappo (f) 2010 - 2014 W. Todd Cappo (2nd time) 2014 - 2016 Anthony S. Cappo (1st time) 2016 - 2018 Myke C. Agecoutay 2018 - 2020 Anthony S. Cappo (2nd time) 2020 - Melissa Tavita (f)

Muskeg Lake Cree

[Muskeg Lake Cree
Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Kitowehow). 1880 Renamed Petequakey. 1920 Renamed Muskeg Lake. 2016 Renamed Muskeg Lake Cree Nation.

Chiefs
1876 - 1880                Alexandre Cayen (Kitowehow)   (b. 1834 - d. 1886)
1880 - 1889                Isidore Cayen (Petequakey)    (b. 1845 - d. 1889)
1889 - 1900                Vacant
1900 - 1914                Jean Baptiste Lafond (headman) (b. 1853 - d. 1917)
1915 - 1917                George H. Greyeyes            (b. 1875 - d. 1917)
1917 - 1920                Vacant
1920 - 1932                Andrew Lafond                 (b. 1880 - d. 1952)
1933 - 1956                Joseph Ledoux                   (b. 1877 - d. 1956)
1956 - 1958                Emile Venne                     (b. 1918 - d. 1999)
1958 - 1959                David Georges Greyeyes          (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
1959 - 1960                Louis O. "Meskanas" Arcand    (b. 1898 - d. 1992)
                             (acting)
1960 - 1962                Alphonsine "Alpha" Lafond (f)   (b. 1926 – d. 2000)
1962 - 1964                Joseph Greyeyes               (b. 1905 - d. 1990)
1964 - 1972                Frederick "Sonny" Lafond      (b. 1931 - d. 1989)
                             (1st time)
1972 - 1974                Richard "Dickie" Greyeyes     (b. 1930)
1974 - 1978                Frederick "Sonny" Lafond      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1978 - 1982                Leonard Ledoux                (b. 1943)
1982 - 1989                Wallace J. Tawpisin             (b. 1951) 1989 - 1990                David Lafond (acting) 1990 - 2000                Harry James Lafond              (b. 1949)2000 - 2009                Gilbert C. Ledoux (1st time) 2009 - 2015                Clifford W. Tawpisin, Jr. 2015 - 2018                Gilbert C. Ledoux (2nd time) 2018 -                     Kelly Wolfe

Muskoday1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (John Smith). 1992/96 Renamed Muskoday. Chiefs 1876 - 1924 John Smith (Mistikoonapac) (b. 1825 – d. 1924) 1924 - 1947 Robert Bear 1947 - 1953 Andrew Bear (1st time) 1953 - 1955 David Knight (1st time) (b. 1915 – d. 1985) 1955 - 1959 .... 1959 - 1963 David Knight (2nd time) (s.a.) 1959 - 1961 Gilbert H. Bear 1961 - 1975 Andrew Bear (2nd time) 1975 - 1977 Joseph Bear 1977 – 1981 Andrew Bear (3rd time) 1981 - 1983 David Knight (3rd time) (s.a.) 1983 - 1985 Mervin Bear 1985 - 1991 Everett Bear 1991 - 2019 C. Austin Bear 2019 - 2021 Herman Crain2021 - 2023 Ava Bear (f) 2023 - Ronald Bear

Muskowekwan1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Muskowekwan). Chiefs 1874 Kakenawup "Sits Like an Eagle" (d. 1874) 1874 - af.1899 Maskawikwan "Hard Quill" 1918 - 1933 Thomas Desjarlais c.1973 Walter Wolf bf.1978 - af.1982 Harvey Desjarlais bf.1987 - 1997 Albert Pinacie 1997 - 1999 Phillip Wolfe 1999 - 2001 Ernest Moise 2001 - af.2003 Shirley Wolfe-Keller (f) bf.2007 - 2021 Reginald F. Bellerose2021 - Jamie Wolfe

Nekaneet1913 Reserve set aside (Maple Creek). 1975 Renamed Nekaneet, added to the Treaty No.4 of 1874. 2008 Casino opened. Chiefs 1882 - 1897 Nekaneet "Foremost Man" (d. 1897) c.1913 "Crooked Legs" 1958 - 1962 Gordon Oakes (1st time) (b. 1932 - d. 2002) 1962 - 1970 ....1970 - 197. Gordon Oakes (2nd time) (s.a.) c.1973 Lawrence Mosquito bf.1978 - 1992 Gordon Oakes (3rd time) (s.a.) 1992 - 1996 Glen Oakes 1996 - 2005 Larry Oakes 2005 - 2011 Alice Pahtaykan (f) 2011 - 2017 Jordi J. Fourhorns 2017 - 2023 Alvin Francis 2023 - Carolyn Wahobin (f)

Ocean Man 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Ocean Man). 1901 – 1990 Amalgamated into White Bear. Chiefs 1875 - 18.. Mniwaja Tangawica "Great Seaman" c.1884 Nunge Sha "Red Ears" bf.1887 - 1889 "Striped Blanket" (d. 1889) bf.1897 - af.1899 "Waving in the Wind" (headman) 1901 - 1990 None 1990 - 2001 Laura Big Eagle (f) (b. 1927 - d. 2001) 2001 - 2009 Connie Big Eagle (f) (1st time) 2009 - 2015 Gloria N. Shepherd (f) 2015 - Connie Big Eagle (f) (2nd time)

Ochapowace 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Kakisheway). 1884 Renamed Ochapowace. Head chief of the Calling River People (Plains Cree and their Chippewa [Saulteaux] and Assiniboine allies in the southern part of Saskatchewan) bf.1870 - 1874 Kakisiwew "Loud Voice" (b. c.1796 - d. 1884) Chiefs 1874 - 1884 Kakisiwew "Loud Voice" (s.a.) 1884 - 1891 Ochapowace bf.1897 - af.1899 Band council [3 headmen] bf.1908 - 1917 Walter Ochapowace 1917 - 1933 Vacant 1933 - 1949 Jack Ochapowace c.19.. Sam Watson 1953 - 1955 Peter Watson 1955 - 1959 .... 1959 - 1961 Ivan Watson bf.1973 - af.1982 Cameron W. Watson c.1987 Morley A. Watson c.198. Louis Kenny 1989 - 2009 Denton F. George (b. 1950 – d. 2009) 2009 - 2014 Ross F. Allary (b. 1944) 2014 - 2023 Margaret Bear (f) 2023 - Shelley A. Bear (f)

Okanese1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Okanese). Chiefs 1875 - 1885 Okanis "Rose Berry" 1885 - 1895 Moostooacoop (headman) (d. 1895) 1895 - 1935 Vacant 1935 "Day Walker" 1935 - 1941 Willie Yuzicappi 1941 - 1953 Vacant 1953 - 19.. James Tuckanow c.1973 Michael Yuzicappi 1975 - 1980 Arthur Walker 1981 - 2020 Marie A. Day Walker-Pelletier (f) 2020 - Richard Stonechild

One Arrow1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (One Arrow). Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Kapeyakwaskonam "One Arrow" (b. 1815 - d. 1886) 1885 - af.1914 Vacant c.1973 Marcel Paul c.1978 Francis H. Baldhead bf.1982 - af.1996 Richard J. John c.1997 Mary C. Sutherland (f) bf.1999 - 2012 Dwayne Paul 2012 - 2017 Kirk P. Matchap 2017 - 2023 Tricia Sutherland (f) 2023 - Janine Baldhead (f)

Onion Lake Cree


Former Flag


Current Flag

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Seekaskootch). 1879 - 1948 Onion Lake (to 1887, Fort Pitt) Indian Agency established. 1914 Renamed Onion Lake. 2006 Renamed Onion Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Sakaskoc "Cut Arm" (d. 1885) 1885 - 1914 Vacant c.1929 Joe Taylor c.1933 Pierre Harper 1964 - 1966 Lloyd Chief c.1973 Robert Chief bf.1978 - af.1979 Alex Harper 1981 - 1983 Norman P. Dillon 1983 - 1986 Leo Paul 1986 - 1990 Wallace G. Fox (1st time) 1990 - 1992 Donald Cardinal 1992 - 1994 Joseph P. Waskewitch 1994 - 2000 Wallace G. Fox (2nd time) 2000 - 2002 Henry Lewis (1st time) 2002 - 2004 Wallace G. Fox (3rd time) 2004 - 2008 Henry Lewis (2nd time) 2008 - 2018 Wallace G. Fox (4th time) 2018 - Henry Lewis (3rd time)

Pasqua1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (Pasqua). Chiefs 1874 - 1889 Joseph Pasqua (Paskwaw (b. 1828 – d. 1889) "The Plain") bf.1897 - af.1899 Band council [4 headmen] 1911 - af.1931 Ben Pasqua c.1948 John Gambler c.1973 Stanley Pasqua c.1978 Alvin Strongeagle bf.1982 - 1993 Lindsay T. Cyr 1993 - 2001 M. Todd Peigan (1st time) (b. 1967) 2001 - 2011 Elaine Chicoose (f) 2011 - M. Todd Peigan (2nd time) (s.a.)

Peepeekisis Cree 1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (from 1880, named Peepeekisis). 1885 - 1970 File Hills Indian agency (1901-14 closed). 1997/2002 Renamed Peepeekisis Cree Nation Chiefs 1874 - 187. Can-ah-ha-cha-pew "Ready Bow" (d. 187.) 1880 - 1889 Peepeekisis "Little Hawk" (d. 1889) 1889 - 1894 Band council [1 - 3 headmen] 1894 - 1935 Vacant 1935 - 19.. Joseph Desnomie bf.1973 - af.1978 Edward Pinay c.1982 George Poitras bf.1986 - 1996 Enoch J. Poitras 1996 - 1998 Eugene D. Poitras 1998 - 2002 Walter McNabb 2002 - af.2004 Lyle Desnomie bf.2006 - 2010 Beverly Bellegarde (f) 2010 - 2018 Michael J. Koochikum 2018 - Francis Dieter

Pelican Lake1929 Separated from Big River, under the Treaty No. 6 (Pelican Lake). Chiefs 1929 - 1937 Louis Chamakese c.19.. James Whitehead c.19.. Tom Thomas c.1973 Jacob Bill (1st time) bf.1978 - af.1982 Leo A. Thomas (1st time) bf.1987 - af.1989 Jacob Bill (2nd time) bf.1990 - 1992 Leo A. Thomas (2nd time) 1992 - af.1997 Edward Bill c.2000 William Thomas (acting) bf.2001 - 2010 Peter Bill (1st time) 2010 - 2019 Dennis Lewis 2019 - Peter Bill (2nd time)

Peter Ballantyne Cree

[Peter Ballantyne Cree
Nation (Saskatchewan, Canada)]

1895 Paid annuities under James Roberts Band (modern Lac La Ronge).
1900 Split from Lac La Ronge Band (Peter Ballantyne). 1996 Renamed Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation. 1996 Casino opened.

Chiefs
1900 - 1922 Peter Ballantyne 1922 - 1930 Cornelius Ballantyne (Bear) 1930 - 1939 Joe Highway 1939 - 1948 Solomon Merasty 1948 - 1954 Simon Linklater (1st time) 1954 - 1956 Vacant 1956 - 1957 Simon Linklater (2nd time) 1958 - 1969 Peter Linklater 1969 - 1971 Simon Linklater (3rd time) 1971 - 1973 Arthur Morin 1973 - 1975 Albert Ratt 1975 - 1979 Phillip Morin 1979 - 1985 Joseph Custer 1985 - 1999 Ronald Michel (1st time) 1999 - 2001 Susan (Linklater) Custer (f) 2001 - 2005 Ronald Michel (2nd time) 2005 - 2007 Harold Linklater 2007 - 2013 Darrell McCallum 2013 – 2021 Peter A. Beatty(1st time) 2021 - 2024 Karen Bird (f) 2024 - Peter A. Beatty (2nd time)

Pheasant Rump Nakota 1876 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Pheasant Rump). 1901 - 1990 Amalgamated into White Bear. 1990 Renamed Pheasant Rump Nakota. Chiefs 1876 - af.1888 Sheonitay "Pheasant Rump" bf.1897 - af.1899 Band council [3 headmen] 1901 - 1990 None 1990 - af.1992 Calvin J. McArthur bf.1996 - 1999 James A. McArthur 1999 - 2002 Richard McArthur 2002 - 2005 Patrick McArthur 2005 – 2011 Olive McArthur (f) 2011 - 2014 Terrance R. McArthur 2014 - Ira D. McArthur

Piapot1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Piapot). Head chief of the Prairie People (Plains Cree and their Assiniboine allies in south-western part of Saskatchewan) bf.1860 - 1875 Piyapwat (b. c.1816 - d. 1908) Chiefs 1875 - 1902 Piyapwat (s.a.) c.1969 Rose Desjarlais (f) bf.1973 - af.1974 Patrick Fourhorns c.1978 Alfred LaVallee bf.1979 - af.1982 Roland Crowe bf.1987 - af.1992 Clayton A. Kaiswatum c.1994 Joe Fourhorns 1997 - 1999 Ronald Crowe (b. 1943) 1999 - af.2001 Murray Ironchild c.2003 Claude Friday bf.2006 - af.2008 John Rockthunder 2010 - 2014 Jeremy G. Fourhorns (1st time) 2014 - 2016 Ira Lavallee 2016 - 2020 Jeremy G. Fourhorns (2nd time)2020 - Mark Fox

Poundmaker1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Poundmaker). Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Pihtokahanapiwiyin "Poundmaker" (b. 1842 - d. 1886) 1885 - 1923 Vacant 1923 - 1932 .... 1932 - 1959 Thomas Favel bf.1973 - af.1978 David Tootoosis c.1982 Henry Favel bf.1987 - 1988 Lawrence Weenie 1988 - 1992 Ted L. Antoine (1st time) 1992 - 1994 Blaine C. Favel 1994 - 2008 Ted L. Antoine (2nd time) 2008 - Dwayne Antoine

Red Earth
1910 Separated from Opaskwayak, under the Treaty No. 5 (Red Earth). Chiefs 1910 - 1940 Jeremiah Nawakayas (b. 1862 - d. 1940) (to 1913, headman) 1940 Isaiah Badger 1940 - 1969 Robert McKay (b. 1887 – d. 1969) 1969 - 1978 John W. Head (d. 1978) 1978 - 1986 Alvin W. Head 1986 - 1993 Philip Head 1993 - 1996 Cyril Head 1996 - 1999 Roy C. Head 1999 - 2011 Miller Nawakayas 2011 - 2018 Ian P. McKay 2018 - 2020 Ina Whitehead (f)2020 - 2023 Fabian Head 2023 - Zachary Whitecap

Red Pheasant1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Red Pheasant). Chiefs 1876 - 1885 Pihew-kamihkosit "Red Pheasant" (d. 1885) 1885 - af.1914 Vacant c.1948 George Nicotine c.1973 Gavin Wuttunee bf.1978 - af.1982 Harry Nicotine bf.1987 - 1997 Michael Baptiste 1997 - 2001 Leonard "Larry" Wuttunee 2001 - 2003 Glen Kestatagon 2003 - 2005 Craig Wuttunee 2005 - 2006 Charles Meechance 2006 - 2010 Sheldon Wuttunee 2010 - 2016 Stewart C. Baptiste 2016 - 2024 Clint Wuttunee 2024 - Cody Benson

Saulteaux
1910 Reserve set aside (Saulteaux). 1954 Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876. Chiefs 1910 - 19.. .... c.1973 Francis Katcheech c.1978 Alex Gopher bf.1982 - 1999 Gabriel Gopher 1999 - 2001 Fred Gopher 2001 - 2003 Garry Gopher 2003 - 2007 Brian Moccasin 2007 - 2009 Sarah Gopher (f) 2009 - 2011 Kenneth Moccasin (1st time) 2011 - 2013 Velma Night (f) 2013 - 2015 Leo Moccasin 2015 - Kenneth Moccasin (2nd time)

Shoal Lake Cree1910 Separated from Opaskwayak, under the Treaty No. 5 (Shoal Lake). 1989 Renamed Shoal Lake Band of the Cree Nation. 2006 Renamed Shoal Lake Cree Nation. Chiefs 1910 - 1948 Albert Moore (to 1913, headman) 1949 - 1966 Gilbert Moore 1966 - 1978 Thomas Young 1978 - 1981 Norman D. Head 1981 - 1982 Walter Lathlin (d. 1982) 1982 - 1984 Gerald D. Bear 1984 - 1990 Charles Whitecap 1990 - 1999 Dennis Whitecap 1999 - 2008 Marcel V. Head (1st time) 2008 - 2011 Kevin Bear 2011 - 2014 Marcel V. Head (2nd time) 2014 - 2018 Lionel A. Bear 2018 - 2020 Norma Bear (f)2020 - Marcel V. Head (3rd time)

Standing Buffalo 1864 Arrived from the U.S. (Standing Buffalo). 1878 Reserve set aside, no treaty. Chiefs 1864 – 1870 Tatanka Najin "Standing Buffalo I" (b. c.1820 - d. 1870) 1871 – 1921 Tatanka Najin "Standing Buffalo II"(b. 1846 - d. 1921) (personal name Matoki Najin "Standing Bear") c.1926 Julius Standing Buffalo (b. 1869 – d. 1938) bf.1973 - af.1978 Alex Buffalo bf.1982 - af.1991 Melvin Isnana (1st time) c.1992 Wayne Goodwill bf.1994 - af.2001 Melvin Isnana (2nd time) bf.2007 - 2019 Rodger G. Redman (1st time) 2019 - 2022 Roberta Soo-Oyewaste (f) 2022 - Rodger G. Redman (2nd time)

Star Blanket Cree1874 Signed the Treaty No. 4 (from 1875, named Star Blanket). 1997/2002 Renamed Star Blanket Cree Nation. Chiefs 1874 - 1875 Wapiy-mosetosis "White Calf" (d. 1875) 1875 - 1917 Acahkosak-ohtakohpit (b. c.1845 – d. 1917) "Star Blanket" c.1934 Atim-wakawasit "Red Dog" c.19.. Victor Starblanket 1971 - af.1973 Noel Starblanket (b. 1946 – d. 2019) bf.1978 - 2003 Irvin G. Starr (1st time) (b. 1939 – d. 2009) (from 1991, Irvin G. Starblanket) 2003 - 2006 Clifford Starr 2006 - 2009 Irvin G. Starblanket (2nd time) (s.a.) 2009 - Michael G. Starr

Sturgeon Lake


Current Flag

1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (William Twatt). 1915 Renamed Sturgeon Lake. 1959 - 1969 Carlton Indian agency. Chiefs 1876 - 1882 William Twatt (Osawaskonikik) (d. af.1890) bf.1897 - 1915 Band council [3-4 headmen] 1915 - 1921 Thomas Charles (1st time) 1921 - 1923 .... 1923 - 1926 John Moosehunter 1926 - 1929 Thomas Charles (2nd time) 1930 - 1933 William Charles 1933 - 1962 David Anderson 1962 - 1967 .... 1967 - 1969 John Charles (1st time) 1969 - 1972 .... 1972 - 1979 Harold Kingfisher 1979 Andrew Naytowhow 1979 - 1981 John Charles (2nd time) 1981 - 1984 Henry W. Daniels (1st time) 1984 - 1988 Wesley R. Daniels (1st time) 1988 - 1990 Henry W. Daniels (2nd time) 1990 - 1992 Wesley R. Daniels (2nd time) 1992 - 1998 Earl Ermine (1st time) 1998 - 2001 Wesley R. Daniels (3rd time) 2001 - 2004 Earl Ermine (2nd time) 2004 - 2007 Willard H. Daniels 2007 - 2013 Wesley R. Daniels (4th time) 2013 - 2015 Craig Bighead 2015 - 2016 Henry Felix 2016 - 2022 Gregory Ermine2022 - Christine Longjohn (f)

Sweetgrass1876 Signed the Treaty No. 6 (Sweetgrass). 1877 - 1970 Battleford Indian agency. Head chiefs of the Prairie River People (Plains Cree in the western part of Saskatchewan) bf.1866 - 1876 Abraham Sweet Grass (d. 1877) (Wikusko-kisayin) c.1872 - 1876 Mistahi-maskwa "Big Bear" (b. c.1825 - d. 1888) (in opposition, not recognized by Canada) Chiefs 1876 - 1877 Abraham Sweet Grass (s.a.) (Wikusko-kisayin) 1877 - 1884 "Strike Him on the Back" 1884 - 1885 Apseenes "Young Sweetgrass" 1885 - 1918 Vacant 1918 - 1924 Harry Atcheynum 1925 - 1954 Sam Swimmer 1954 - 1956 Vacant 1956 - 1957 Andrew Swimmer 1957 - 1958 Ben Atcheynum (1st time) 1958 - 1959 James Favel 1959 - 1961 Solomon Albert 1961 - 1963 John Weenie 1963 - 1965 Adam Paskemin 1965 - 1967 Ben Atcheynum (2nd time) 1967 - 1971 Joseph Weenie 1971 - 1972 Ben Atcheynum (3rd time) 1972 - 1973 Stephen Pooyak (1st time) 1973 - 1974 Ben Weenie 1974 - 1979 Stephen Pooyak (2nd time) 1979 - 1983 Gordon Albert 1983 - 1985 Roderick Atcheynum (1st time) 1985 - 1989 Don Pooyak 1989 - 1999 E. Wayne Standinghorn (1st time) 1999 - 2003 Tom Whitecalf 2003 - 2005 Roderick Atcheynum (2nd time) 2005 - 2011 E. Wayne Standinghorn (2nd time) 2011 - 2017 Laurie A. Whitecalf (f) (1st time) 2017 - 2019 Laurence Paskemin 2019 - Laurie A. Whitecalf (f) (2nd time)

The Key1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (The Key). Chiefs 1875 - af.1899 Owtahpeekakaw "The Key" 1954 - 1956 Gwen O'Soup (f) (b. 1930 – d. 2005) bf.1973 - af.1978 Sterling Brass c.1982 Dennis O'Soup (1st time) c.1988 Percy O'Soup bf.1990 - 1996 Dennis O'Soup (2nd time) 1996 - 2000 Campbell Papequash 2000 - 2002 Carey O'Soup 2002 - 2008 Isabel O'Soup (f) 2008 - 2014 R. Clarence Papequash (1st time) 2014 - 2016 David D. Cote 2016 - 2018 Rodney J. Brass 2018 - 2022 R. Clarence Papequash (2nd time) 2022 - Clinton Key

Thunderchild1879 Signed the Treaty No. 6 of 1876 (Thunderchild). Chiefs 1879 - 1929 Peyasiw-awasis "Thunderchild" (b. 1849 - d. 1929) 1929 - 1951 James Okanee 1951 - 1953 Antoine Weekusk 1953 - 1955 David Jimmy 1955 - 1957 Egerton Thunderchild (1st time) 1957 - 1959 John Jimmy 1959 - 1961 Alex Takakenew 1961 - 1962 Andrew Paddy (1st time) 1962 - 1963 George Horse 1963 - 1965 George Alexander 1965 - 1967 Norman Sunchild (1st time) 1967 - 1969 Joseph Jimmy 1969 Egerton Thunderchild (2nd time) 1969 - 1970 Norman Sunchild (2nd time) 1970 - 1971 Winston Weekusk (1st time) 1971 - 1972 Andrew Paddy (2nd time) 1972 - 1973 Alfred Peachow 1973 Andrew Paddy (3rd time) 1973 - 1976 Charles Paddy (1st time) 1976 - 1978 Winston Weekusk (2nd time) 1978 - 1983 Andrew Paddy (4th time) 1983 - 1984 Gordon Thunderchild (1st time) 1984 - 1985 Winston Weekusk (3rd time) 1985 - 1986 Antoine Weekusk 1986 - 1990 Gordon Thunderchild (2nd time) 1990 - 1993 Charles Paddy (2nd time) 1993 - 1998 Winston Weekusk (4th time) 1998 - 2002 Delbert P. Wapass (1st time) 2002 - 2005 Winston Weekusk (5th time) 2005 - 2006 Walter N. Jimmy 2007 - 2010 Dale D. Awasis 2010 - 2018 Delbert P. Wapass (2nd time) 2018 - 2022 James Snakeskin2022 - Delbert P. Wapass (3rd time)

Wahpeton Dakota1894 Separated from Whitecap (Wahpeton), reserve set aside, no treaty.1996 Renamed Wahpeton Dakota Nation.Chiefs 1894 - af.1899 Vacant1975 - 1980 Cyrus M. Standing (1st time)1981 - 1984 Leo J. Omani (1st time) (b. 1955)1984 - 1987 Cyrus M. Standing (2nd time)1987 - 1993 Lorne Waditika1993 - 1996 Cyrus M. Standing (3rd time)1996 - 1999 Leo J. Omani (2nd time) (s.a.)1999 - 2008 Garry Standing2008 - 2011 Cyrus M. Standing (4th time)2011 - 2017 Leo J. Omani (3rd time) (s.a.)2017 - John Waditaka

Waterhen Lake1916 Reserve set aside (Waterhen Lake). 1921 Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876. Chiefs c.1921 "Running Around" c.1973 Frederick Martel (1st time) bf.1978 - af.1982 George Larocque bf.1987 - af.1990 Frederick Martel (2nd time) c.1991 Robert Fiddler bf.1994 - 1996 Richard Fiddler (1st time) 1996 - af.1998 Michael Ernest c.2000 Richard Fiddler (2nd time) bf.2002 - 2008 Sidney Fiddler 2008 - 2010 Richard Fiddler (3rd time) 2010 - 2020 Carolyn A. Bernard (f)2020 Blaine Fiddler

White Bear 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (White Bear). 1886 - 1934 Moose Mountain Indian agency. 1996 Casino opened. Chiefs 1875 - 1889 Wapimaskwa "White Bear"(1st time)(b. 1815 - d. 1900) 1889 - 1897 Band council 1897 - 1900 Wapimaskwa "White Bear"(2nd time)(s.a.) 1900 - 1979 .... c.1973 Billie Standingready c.1978 Norman Shepherd 1979 - 1991 Brian C. Standingready (1st time) 1991 - 1997 Bernard Shepherd 1997 - 1999 Brian C. Standingready (2nd time) 1999 - 2001 Annette Lonechild (f)(1st itme) 2001 - 2017 Brian C. Standingready (3rd time) 2017 - 2021 Nathan Pasap2021 - 2023 Annette Lonechild (f)(2nd time) 2023 - Jonathan V. Pasap

Whitecap Dakota 1862 Arrived from the U.S. (Whitecap), no treaty. 1881 Renamed Moose Woods, reserve set aside. 1992/94 Renamed Whitecap Dakota. 2007 Casino opened. Chiefs 1862 - 1885 Wapaha Ska "White Cap" (d. 1889) 1885 - 19.. Vacant 1933 - 1961 Harry Littlecrow (b. 1889 – d. 1961) c.1962 William Eagle c.196. William Littlecrow bf.1982 - af.1988 Elizabeth Royal (f) bf.1989 - af.1991 Charles R. Eagle c.1992 Donald G. Royal 1994 - Darcy M. Bear

Witchekan Lake1914 Reserve set aside (Witchekan Lake). 21 Nov 1950 Adhered to the Treaty No. 6 of 1876. Chiefs 1914 - 19.. .... c.1950 Louie Thomas c.1973 Robert Bush bf.1978 - af.1982 Edward Fineday c.1987 George Jim bf.1988 - 1996 Mike Fineday 1996 - 2008 Kenneth J. Thomas (1st time) 2008 - 2014 Steven J. Jim 2014 - 2016 Kenneth J. Thomas (2nd time) 2016 - 2023 Annie Thomas (f) 2023 - Raymon Harris

Wood Mountain1877 Arrived from the U.S., to 1881 led by Hunkpapa Lakota head chief Tatanka Iyotake "Sitting Bull" (b. 1831 – d. 1890). 1881 Named Moosejaw, no treaty. 1909 Renamed Wood Mountain, reserve set aside. 1914 - 1939 Wood Mountain Indian agency. Chiefs 1881 - af.1911 Wambli Gi "Brown Eagle" 1934 - 1952 Joe Ferguson (b. 1868 – d. 1952) 1952 - 1964 John LeCaine (b. 1890 – d. 1964) c.1973 William Goodtrack (1st time) bf.1978 - af.1982 Douglas Lethbridge (1st time) c.1985 William Goodtrack (2nd time) c.1987 Douglas Lethbridge (2nd time) bf.1989 - 2007 William Goodtrack (3rd time) 2007 - 2010 Ellen B. LeCaine (f) (1st time) 2010 - 2012 David M. Ogle 2012 - 2015 Travis W. Ogle 2015 - Ellen B. LeCaine (f) (2nd time)

Yellow Quill 1875 Signed the Treaty No. 4 of 1874 (Yellow Quill). 1907 - 1990 Renamed Nut Lake. Chiefs 1875 - 1876 Osawaskokwanepi "Yellow Quill" (d. 1910) bf.1885 - 1890 Band council [2 headmen] 1891 - 1906 Ne-pin-e-way "Summer Fir" (headman) 1906 - af.1914 Vacant 19.. - 1968 "The Farmer" (b. 1887 – d. 1968) c.1973 Joe Quewezance (1st time) c.1978 Robert A. Kinniewess c.1982 Joe Quewezance (2nd time) c.1987 George Pee-Ace c.1989 Joe Quewezance (3rd time) bf.1990 - 2002 Henry "Hank" Neapetung 2002 - 2008 Robert Whitehead 2008 - 2014 Larry B. Cachene 2014 - John Machiskinic

Zagime Anishinabek 1881 Separated from Waywayseecappo, under the Treaty No. 4 (Sakimay). Sep 2019 Renamed Zagime Anishinabek. Chiefs 1881 Sakime "Mosquito" (d. 1881) 1881 - af.1883 "Yellow Calf" (headman) bf.1897 - af.1899 Vacant c.1973 Riel Acoose bf.1978 - af.1982 Noel Williams bf.1987 - af.1992 Samuel Bunnie bf.1994 - af.1997 Lindsay Kaye (f) (1st time) bf.1999 - af.2003 Gilbert Paniekeesick bf.2007 - 2009 Lindsay Kaye (f) (2nd time) 2009 - B. Lynn Acoose (f)

YukonCarcross/Tagish

Carcross Flag


Variant Flag

1905 Reserve set aside (Carcross), no treaty. 1982 Renamed Carcross/Tagish. 2005 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1905 Charlie Tagish (Yeildoogu) + Jim Tagish (Kaxootsk’)bf.1937 - af.1956 Patsy Henderson (Koolseen) (b. c.1879 – d. 1966) c.1964 George Sidney (b. c.1888 – d. 1971) c.1966 William Atlin c.1972 Dan Johnson c.1979 Stanley James (1st time) bf.1982 - 1984 Ann Wally (f) 1984 - 1988 Stanley James (2nd time) 1988 - 1992 Doris McLean (f) 1992 - 1996 Patrick James 1996 - 2004 Andy W. Carvill (1st time) 2004 - 2012 Mark Wedge 2012 - 2016 Danny Cresswell 2016 - 2020 Andy W. Carvill (2nd time)2020 - 2022 Lynda Dickson (f) 2022 - Maria Benoit (f)

Champagne and Aishihikc.1908 Known as Champagne, no reserve or treaty. 1971 Renamed Champagne and Aishihik 1993 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1948 John Fraser c.196. Moose Jackson (1st time) c.196. Harry Joe (1st time) (b. 1909 – d. 1986)1971 - 1972 Harry Allen 1972 - 1975 Raymond Jackson (1st time) 1975 - 1977 Moose Jackson (2nd time) 1977 - 1979 Harry Joe (2nd time) (s.a.) 1979 - 1981 Raymond Jackson (2nd time) 1981 - 1998 Paul Birckel 1998 - 2003 Bob Charlie 2003 - 2005 James Allen (1st time) 2005 - 2010 Diane Strand (f) 2010 - 2014 James Allen (2nd time) 2014 - 2022 Steve Smith2022 - Barbara Joe (f)

Kluanec.1908 Known as Kluane, no reserve or treaty. c.1937 - 1961 Renamed Burwash. 2003 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.195. Sam Johnson c.196. Moose Johnson 1970 - 1971 Daniel Johnson 1971 - 1974 Jimmy Enoch 1974 - 1976 Billy Blair (1st time) 1976 - 1979 Walter Carlick 1979 - 1980 Joseph Johnson (1st time) 1980 - 1981 George K. Johnson (1st time) 1981 - 1983 Billy Blair (2nd time) 1983 - 1985 Joseph Johnson (2nd time) 1985 - 1989 Charles Eikland 1989 - 1991 Agnes Johnson (f) 1991 - 1993 George K. Johnson (2nd time) 1993 - 1996 Joseph Johnson (3rd time) 1996 - 2000 Robert Johnson 2000 - 2002 Daniel L. Tlen 2002 - 2007 Robert J. Dickson (1st time) 2007 - 2010 Wilfred Sheldon 2010 - 2016 Math’ieya Alatini (f) 2016 - Robert J. Dickson (2nd time)

Kwanlin Dun1900 First of several reserves set aside (Whitehorse), no treaty. 1953 - 1970 Yukon Indian Agency established. 1980/82 Renamed Kwanlin Dun. 2005 Self-government agreement. Chiefsc.1898 - 1950 Jim Boss (Kashx’oot) (b. 1871 - d. 1950) 1950 - 1957 George Dawson (b. 1902 – d. 1993) 1957 - 1965 Billy Smith 1965 - 1967 Scurvy Shorty 1967 - 1969 Elijah Smith (b. 1912 – d. 1991) 1969 - 1973 John E. Smith (1st time) 1973 - 1981 Roy H. Sam 1981 - 1987 John E. Smith (2nd time) 1987 - 1989 Ann Smith (f) 1989 - 1995 Lena R. Johns (f) (b. 1934 – d. 2000) 1996 - 1999 Joe P. Jack 1999 - 2003 Rick O'Brien (1st time) 2003 - 2011 Mike Smith 2011 - 2014 Rick O'Brien (2nd time) 2014 - 2023 Doris Bill (f) 2023 - Sean Smith

Liard1916 First of several reserves set aside (Liard), no treaty. 1961 - 1994 Renamed Liard River. Chiefs 19.. - 1950 "Old Chief" 1950 - 1965 ....1965 - 1992 Dixon Lutz (b. 19.. - d. 2012) 1992 - 1998 Ann Bayne (f) 1998 - 2004 Daniel Morris (1st time) 2004 - 2013 Liard McMillan 2013 - 2017 Daniel Morris (2nd time) 2017 - 2020 George Morgan2020 - Stephen Charlie

Little Salmon/Carmacksc.1914 Known as Carmacks, no reserve or treaty. 1980/82 Renamed Little Salmon/Carmacks. 1997 Self-government agreement. Chiefsc.1968 Roddy Blackjack (1st time) (b. c.1927 – d. 2013) bf.1972 - 1974 George Billy 1974 - 1977 Howard Charlie 1977 - 1979 Happy Skookum 1979 - 1987/88 Clyde Blackjack 1987/88 - 1990 Roddy Blackjack (2nd time) (s.a.) 1990 - 1996 Eric Fairclough (1st time) 1996 - 2012 Eddie Skookum 2012 - 2016 Eric Fairclough (2nd time) 2016 - 2020 Russell Blackjack(1st time) 2020 - 2024 Nicole M. Tom (f) 2024 - Russell Blackjack (2nd time)

Nacho Nyak Dun1904 First of several reserves set aside (Mayo), no treaty. 1989 Renamed Nacho Nyak Dun. 1993 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1901 Johnson 1915 - 1947 Tom Moses 1947 - 1949 Billy Malcolm 1950 - 1969 Albert Moses 19.. - 1973 Peter Lucas 1973 - 1987 Robert Hager (1st time) 1987 - af.1989 Albert Peter bf.1991 - 2003 Robert Hager (2nd time) 2003 - 2005 Steven Buyck 2005 - 2007 Simon Mervyn (1st time) 2007 - 2011 Beverley Blanchard (f) 2011 - 2013 Simon Mervyn (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Ed Champion 2015 - 2023 Simon Mervyn (3rd time) 2023 - Dawna Hope (f)

Ross River [Ross River First
Nation (Yukon, Canada)]

c.1914 Known as Ross River, no reserve or treaty. Chiefsc.193. Peter Joe c.194. Arthur John (b. c.1911 – d. 2014) c.195. Mac Peter (1st time) c.1967 Clifford McLeod (1st time) c.1968 Mac Peter (2nd time) 196. - 1989 Clifford McLeod (2nd time) 1989 - 1991 Hammond Dick 1991 - af.1992 Clifford McLeod (3rd time) 199. - 1997 Norman Sterriah (1st time) 1997 - 1999 Jim Smith 1999 - 2001 Norman Sterriah (2nd time) 2001 - 2007 Jack Caesar (1st time) 2007 - 2009 Gordon Peter 2009 - 2013 Jack Caesar (2nd time) 2013 - 2015 Brian Ladue 2015 - 2022 Jack Caesar (3rd time)2022 - Dylan Loblaw

Selkirkc.1908 Known as Selkirk, no reserve or treaty. 1997 Self-government agreement. Chiefs18.. - 1915 Jackson (d. 1915) 1916 - 1958 "Big" Jonathan Campbell (b. c.1858 – d. 1958) 1958 - 1969 .... 1969 - af.1984 Danny Joe bf.1987 - 1989 Franklin Roberts 1989 - 1999 Patrick Van Bibber 1999 - 2005 Lucy McGinty (f) 2005 - 2011 Darin Isaac (1st time) 2011 - 2017 Kevin McGinty 2017 - 2020 Sharon Nelson (f)(1st time) 2020 - 2023 Darin Isaac (2nd time) 2023 - Sharon Nelson (f) (2nd time)

Ta’an Kwach’an

1998 Separated from Kwanlin Dun (Ta’an Kwach’an), retained a reserve. 2002 Self-government agreement. Chiefs1998 - 2004 Glenn Grady 2004 - 2009 Ruth Massie (f) 2009 - 2012 Brenda L. Sam (f) 2012 - 2021 Kristina Kane (f)2021 - Amanda Leas (f)

Teslin Tlingitc.1908 Known as Teslin, no reserve or treaty. 1992 Renamed Teslin Tlingit. 1993 Self-government agreement. Chiefs c.1908 Jay Squam c.1932 Joe Squam bf.1954 - 1970 Frank Sidney 1970 - 1984 Samuel T. Johnston 1984 Robert L. Jackson (1st time) 1984 - 1986 Richard Sidney (1st time) 1986 - 1988 Robert L. Jackson (2nd time) 1988 - 1996 David Keenan 1996 - 2000 Richard Sidney (2nd time) 2000 - 2005 Eric Morris (1st time) 2005 - 2006 Peter Johnston (interim) (1st time) 2006 - 2008 Eric Morris (2nd time) 2008 - 2012 Peter Johnston (2nd time) 2012 - 2016 Carl Sidney 2016 - 2020 Richard Sidney (3rd time)2020 - 2025 Eric Morris (3rd time) 2025 - Elisabeth Bosely (f)

Tr’ondek Hwech’in1900 Reserve set aside (Moosehide), no treaty. 1914 - 1953 Yukon Indian Agency established. 1962 Renamed Dawson. 1995 Renamed Tr’ondek Hwech’in. 1998 Self-government agreement. Chiefsc.1890 - 1932 Isaac (b. c.1858 - d. 1932) 1932 - 1936 Charles E. Isaac (b. 1912 – d. 1975) 1936 - 1940 John Jonas (1st time) 1940 - 1956 James Wood (d. 1956) 1956 - 1959 .... 1959 - af.1961 John Jonas (2nd time) 1969 - 198. Percy Henry (1st time) c.1982 Peggy Kormendy (f) (1st time) 198. - 1984 Percy Henry (2nd time) 1984 - 198. Peggy Kormendy (f) (2nd time) 198. - 1987 Hilda Pohlmann (f) 1987 - 1989 Angie Joseph (f) 1989 - 1999 Steve Taylor 1999 - 2008 Darren Taylor (1st time) 2008 - 2014 Eddie Taylor 2014 - 2023 Roberta Joseph (f)2023 - Darren Taylor (2nd time)

Vuntut Gwitchinc.1914 Known as Old Crow, no reserve or treaty. 1990 Renamed Vuntut Gwitchin. 1993 Self-government agreement. Chiefsc.1900 - 1921 Balaam Josie 1921 - 1935 Joe Kyikavichik 1936 - 1954 Peter Moses 1954 - 1958 Charlie P. Charlie (1st time) (b. 1919 - d. 2008) 1958 - 1962 Charlie Abel-Chitzi (1st time) 1962 - 1964 Charlie P. Charlie (2nd time) (s.a.) 1964 - 1968 Charlie Abel-Chitzi(2nd time) 1968 - 1972 Alfred Charlie 1972 - 1978 John J. Kyikavichik 1978 - 1984 John W. Abel (b. 1947 - d. 1995) 1984 - 1985 Abraham Peter 1985 - 1988 Alice Frost (f) 1988 - 1992 Roger Kyikavichik (1st time) 1992 - 1996 Robert Bruce 1996 - 1997 Randall Tetlichi 1997 - 1998 Marvin Frost (acting) 1998 - 2010 Joe Linklater (1st time) 2010 - 2012 Norma Kassi (f) 2012 - 2015 Joe Linklater (2nd time) 2015 - 2016 Roger Kyikavichik (2nd time) 2016 - 2018 Bruce Charlie 2018 -11 Jan 2023 Dana Tizya-Tramm11 Jan 2023 - Pauline Frost (f)

White River1992 Separated from Kluane (White River), no reserve or treaty. Chiefs1992 Rosemary Blair-Smith (f) 1992 - 1998 Margaret L. Nieman-Glazier (f) (b. 1950 - d. 1998) 1998 - af.2000 David Johnny (1st time) bf.2002 - 2006 Angela Dermit (f) (1st time) 2006 - 2012 David Johnny (2nd time) 2012 - 2014 Charles Eikland 2014 - 2021 Angela Dermit (f) (2nd time) 2021 - Bessie Chasse (f)