Bermuda

Bermuda

[Flag of
the United Kingdom]

                                to 1875

[Bermuda - First Colonial
Ensign (1875?-1910)]

                          1875 - 4 Oct 1910

[Bermuda 1910-1968]

                   4 Oct 1910 - 8 Jun 1968

[Bermuda
(red ensign) 1968-1999]

                   8 Jun 1968 - 25 Jan 1999

[Bermuda
Flag]

                      Adopted 25 Jan 1999

Map of Bermuda Hear National Anthem
"God Save the Queen" Hear Local Anthem
"Hail to Bermuda"
(unofficial) Constitution Order
(8 Jun 1968)

Capital: Hamilton
(St. George's 1612-1815) Currency: Bermudian Dollar
(BMD) National Holiday: 24 May (1819)
Bermuda Day Population: 69,467 (2013)

GDP: $5.6 billion (2011) Exports: $12 million (2012)
Imports: $900 million (2012) Ethnic groups: black 53.8%, white 31%,
mulatto 7.5%, other 7.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2010)

Total Active Armed Forces: 469 (2012)
Defense is the Responsibility of the U.K.
Merchant marine: 139 ships (2010) Religions: Protestant 49.2% (Anglican 15.8%, African
Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.7%,
other Protestant 18.1%), Roman Catholic 14.5%,
other 12.4%, unspecified 6.2%, none 17.7% (2010)

International Organizations/Treaties: Caricom (associate), IMSO, Interpol (subbureau), ICC, IOC, ITUC, UPU, WCO

Bermuda Chronology
1503                       Possibly discovered by Spanish Capt. Juan de                              Bermúdez (La Bermuda). 25 Jul 1609                First Englishmen are shipwrecked on the island                              (Somers Island). 22 Mar 1612                English colony, administered by the Virgina                              Company, from 1616 the Bermuda Company;                             (1612-1684 subordinated to colony of Virgina,                              during this era also called 'Virgineola'). Jul 1612                   First English settlements (Bermuda). 1684           Crown colony. 8 Jun 1968                Autonomy, self-government. 15 Aug 1995                Referendum rejects independence 74% to 26% .

Governors 25 Jul 1609 - 9 Nov 1610 Sir George Somers (b. 1554 - d. 1610) Jul 1612 - 29 Jun 1615 Richard Moore (b. 1583 - d. 1618) 29 Jun 1615 - May 1616 Commissioners - Charles Caldicot - John Mansfield - Miles Kendall - Christopher Carter - Thomas Knight - Edward Waters (acting) May 1616 - 1618 Daniel Tucker (b. c.1560 - d. 1625) 1618 - Oct 1619 Miles Kendall (acting) Oct 1619 - 25 Oct 1622 Nathaniel Butler (b. c.1577 - d. af.1639) 25 Oct 1622 - 1622 John Harrison (1st time)(acting) Nov 1622 - 1623 John Bernard (d. 1623) 1623 - Dec 1623 John Harrison (2nd time)(acting) Dec 1623 - 20 Sep 1626 Henry Woodhouse 20 Sep 1626 - 1629 Philip Bell (b. 1574 - d. af.1650) 29 Aug 1629 - 1637 Roger Wood (d. 1654) Mar 1637 - Nov 1640 Thomas Chaddock (or Cammock) (b. 1592 - d. 1643) Nov 1640 - 15 Sep 1641 William Sayle (1st time) (b. c.1590 - d. 1671) 15 Sep 1641 - Mar 1642 Triumvirate - William Sayle (s.a.) - Stephen Paynter - William Wilkinson Mar 1642 - Jul 1643 Josiah Forster (1st time) Jul 1643 - 1645 William Sayle (2nd time) (s.a.) 1645 - Apr 1646 Josiah Forster (2nd time) Apr 1646 - 25 Sep 1649 Thomas Turner 25 Sep 1649 - 1650 John Trimingham (b. 1590? - d. 1655) Nov 1650 - 30 Jun 1658 Josiah Forster (3rd time) 30 Jun 1658 - 12 Jan 1663 William Sayle (3rd time) (s.a.) 12 Jan 1663 - 15 May 1668 Florentius Seymour (1st time) (b. c.1605 - d. 1682) 15 May 1668 - May 1669 Samuel Whatley 15 May 1669 - 30 May 1681 Sir John Heydon 30 May 1681 - 3 Nov 1682 Florentius Seymour (2nd time) (s.a.) 9 Nov 1682 - 29 Jan 1683 Henry Durham (acting) 29 Jan 1683 - Apr 1687 Richard Coney 12 Apr 1687 - 11 Jan 1691 Sir Robert Robinson (b. c.1624 - d. 1705) 11 Jan 1691 - 1693 Isaac Richier (acting) 1693 - 1698 John Goddard 20 Oct 1698 - 18 Dec 1700 Samuel Day (acting) 2 May 1701 - 1713 Benjamin Bennett (1st time) 1713 - 1718 Henry Pulleine (acting) 1718 - 1722 Benjamin Bennett (2nd time) 1722 - 1727 John Bruce Hope (b. c.1684 - d. 1766) Nov 1727 - Aug 1728 John Trimingham II (acting) 1728 - 1737 John Pitt (b. c.1698 - d. 1754) Dec 1737 - May 1738 Andrew Auchinleck (acting) 2 Aug 1738 - 9 Nov 1744 Alured Popple (b. 1698 - d. 1744) 20 Nov 1744 - Jun 1747 Francis Jones (1st time)(acting) 1 Jul 1747 - Nov 1751 William Popple (1st time) (b. c.1701 - d. 1764) Nov 1751 - Nov 1755 Francis Jones (2nd time)(acting) Nov 1755 - Dec 1763 William Popple (2nd time) (s.a.) 2 Dec 1763 - Aug 1764 Francis Jones (3rd time)(acting) 9 Aug 1764 - 10 Sep 1780 George James Bruere (b. 1720/21 - d. 1780) Sep 1780 - Oct 1780 Thomas Jones (acting) Oct 1780 - Dec 1781 George Bruere (acting) 4 Jan 1782 - Jan 1790 William Browne (b. 1737 - d. 1802) 11 Jan 1790 - Oct 1794 Henry Hamilton (b. 1734 - d. 1796) (acting for absent Browne 27 Oct 1788 - 1 Jan 1790) 6 Nov 1794 - 27 Oct 1796 James Crawford 27 Oct 1796 - 22 Nov 1796 Henry Tucker (1st time)(acting) (b. 1742 - d. 1800) 23 Nov 1796 - 1 Dec 1796 William Campbell (d. 1796) 1 Dec 1796 - 24 Mar 1798 Henry Tucker (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 25 Mar 1798 - 24 Mar 1803 George Beckwith (b. 1753 - d. 1823) 25 Mar 1803 - 24 Mar 1805 Henry Tucker (3rd time)(acting) (s.a.) 25 Mar 1805 - 24 Mar 1806 Francis Gore (b. 1769 - d. 1852) 25 Mar 1806 - 24 Sep 1806 Henry Tucker (4th time)(acting) (s.a.) 25 Sep 1806 - 16 Jun 1810 John Hodgson (b. 1757 - d. 1846) 16 Jun 1810 - 24 Aug 1811 Samuel Trott (acting) 31 Aug 1811 - 4 Jul 1812 Sir James Cockburn (1st time) (b. 1771 - d. 1852) 5 Jul 1812 - 14 Sep 1812 William Smith (1st time)(acting) 14 Sep 1812 - Jul 1816 George Horsford (acting) (b. 1767 - d. 1840) 8 Jul 1816 - 11 Nov 1817 William Smith (2nd time)(acting) 11 Nov 1817 - Apr 1819 Sir James Cockburn (2nd time) (s.a.) 15 Apr 1819 - 25 Nov 1819 William Smith (3rd time)(acting) 26 Nov 1819 - Jun 1825 William Lumley (1st time) (b. 1769 - d. 1850) 21 May 1822 - Oct 1823 William Smith (4th time)(acting) 16 Oct 1823 - Jun 1825 William Lumley (2nd time) (s.a.) 6 Jun 1825 - 14 Feb 1826 William Smith (5th time)(acting) 14 Feb 1826 - Jul 1830 Sir Hilgrove Turner (1st time) (b. 1764 - d. 1843) 13 Jul 1830 - 26 Oct 1830 Robert Kennedy (1st time)(acting) 26 Oct 1830 - Jan 1832 Sir Hilgrove Turner (2nd time) (s.a.) 16 Jan 1832 - Apr 1835 Sir Stephen Remnant Chapman (b. 1776 - d. 1851) (1st time) 21 Apr 1835 - 17 Sep 1835 Henry Hunt (acting) 17 Sep 1835 - 21 Jan 1836 Robert Kennedy (2nd time)(acting) 22 Jan 1836 - Apr 1839 Sir Stephen Remnant Chapman (s.a.) (2nd time) 12 Apr 1839 - Nov 1846 William Reid (b. 1791 - d. 1858) 30 Nov 1846 - 25 Dec 1846 W.N. Hutchinson (acting) 25 Dec 1846 - Aug 1852 Sir Charles Elliot (1st time) (b. 1801 - d. 1875) 26 Aug 1852 - May 1853 W. Hassell Eden (acting) 12 May 1853 - Sep 1853 George Philpots (acting) 18 Sep 1853 - 24 Sep 1853 Thomas C. Robe (acting) 24 Sep 1853 - Oct 1853 Soulden Oakley (1st time)(acting) 11 Oct 1853 - Nov 1853 Arthur W. Byles (acting) 12 Nov 1853 - 20 Nov 1853 Soulden Oakley (2nd time)(acting) 20 Nov 1853 - Feb 1854 Sir Charles Elliot (2nd time) (s.a.) 13 Feb 1854 - Oct 1854 Montgomery Williams (acting) 3 Oct 1854 - Jun 1859 Freeman Murray (1st time) (b. 1805 - d. 1885) 18 Jun 1859 - Oct 1859 A.T. Hemphill (acting) 5 Oct 1859 - Feb 1860 William Munroe (1st time)(acting) 16 Feb 1860 - Mar 1861 Freeman Murray (2nd time) (s.a.) 14 Mar 1861 - Nov 1866 Harry St. George Ord (1st time) (b. 1819 - d. 1885) 15 Jun 1864 - Jul 1864 William Munroe (2nd time)(acting) 27 Jul 1864 - Oct 1865 W.G. Hamley (1st time)(acting) 18 Oct 1865 - Nov 1866 Harry St. George Ord (2nd time) (s.a.) 24 Nov 1866 - Apr 1867 W.G. Hamley (2nd time)(acting) 13 Apr 1867 - 30 Apr 1867 Arnold Thompson (acting) 30 Apr 1867 - May 1870 Frederick Edward Chapman (b. 1815 - d. 1893) 29 May 1870 - Sep 1870 W.F. Brett (acting) 13 Sep 1870 - Apr 1871 Thomas Gore Browne (administrator) (b. 1807 - d. 1887) 22 Apr 1871 - May 1871 A.A.C. Fisher (acting) 9 May 1871 - Jun 1874 Sir John Henry Lefroy (b. 1817 - d. 1890) 2 Jun 1874 - Nov 1874 Fitz Roy Somerset (acting) 5 Nov 1874 - 1877 Sir John Henry Lefroy (2nd time) (s.a.) 10 May 1877 - 10 Aug 1877 William Laurie Morrison (acting) 10 Aug 1877 - 22 Mar 1882 Sir Robert Michael Laffan (b. 1821 - d. 1882) 3 Jul 1882 - 1888 Thomas Lionel John Galwey (b. 1822 - d. 1906) 29 Oct 1888 - 1892 Edward Newdigate Newdegate (b. 1825 - d. 1902) 18 Jul 1892 - 1896 Thomas Casey Lyons (b. 1830 - d. 1897) 1896 - 1902 George Digby Barker (b. 1833 - d. 1914) (from 23 May 1900, Sir George Digby Barker) 1902 - 1904 Sir Henry Le Guay Geary (b. 1837 - d. 1918) 1904 - 1907 Sir Robert Macgregor Stewart (b. 1842 - d. 1919) 1907 - 1908 Josceline Heneage Wodehouse (b. 1852 - d. 1930) (from 1908, Sir Josceline Heneage Wodehouse) 1908 - 1912 Sir Frederick Walter Kitchener (b. 1859 - d. 1912) 1912 - 1917 Sir George Mockworth Bullock (b. 1851 - d. 1926) 1917 - 1922 Sir James Willcocks (b. 1857 - d. 1926) 1922 - 1927 Sir Joseph John Asser (b. 1867 - d. 1949) 1927 - 13 Sep 1930 Sir Louis Jean Bols (b. 1867 - d. 1930) Sep 1930 - 1931 Edward W. Evans(acting) 1931 - 1936 Sir Thomas Astley Cubitt (b. 1871 - d. 1939) 1936 - 1939 Sir Reginald John Thoroton (b. 1876 - d. 1965) Hildyard 8 Oct 1939 - 1941 Sir Denis John Charles Kirwan (b. 1882 - d. 1956) Bernard 4 Oct 1941 - 1943 Edward George William Tyrwhitt (b. 1895 - d. 1966) Knollys, Viscount Knollys 24 Aug 1943 - 1945 David George Brownlow Cecil, (b. 1905 - d. 1981) Baron Burghley Oct 1945 - May 1946 William Addis (1st time)(acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1978) May 1946 - 1949 Ralph Leatham (b. 1886 - d. 1954) Mar 1949 - Oct 1949 William Addis (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 24 Oct 1949 - 1955 Sir Alexander Hood (b. 1888 - d. 1980) 24 Oct 1955 - 1959 Sir John Dane Woodall (b. 1897 - d. 1985) 1959 - 1964 Sir Julian Alvery Gascoigne (b. 1903 - d. 1990) 1964 - 1972 John Roland Robinson, Baron (b. 1907 - d. 1989) Martonmere Oct 1972 - 10 Mar 1973 Sir Richard Sharples (b. 1916 - d. 1973) 10 Mar 1973 - 16 Jul 1973 Ian Albert Clark Kinnear (acting) (b. 1924 - d. 2008)16 Jul 1973 - 7 Apr 1977 Sir Edwin Hartley Cameron Leather (b. 1919 - d. 2005) 7 Apr 1977 - 6 Sep 1977 Peter Lloyd (1st time) (acting) (b. 1926 - d. 2007) 6 Sep 1977 - 30 Dec 1980 Sir Peter Ramsbotham (b. 1919 - d. 2010) 1 Jan 1981 - Feb 1981 Peter Lloyd (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)Feb 1981 - 15 Mar 1983 Sir Richard Neil Posnett (b. 1919 - d. 2009) 14 Feb 1983 - Jul 1983 Mark Herdman (b. 1932) (acting [for Posnett to 15 Mar 1983])Jul 1983 - Oct 1988 John William Morrison, (b. 1926 - d. 2000) Viscount Dunrossil Oct 1988 - 25 Aug 1992 Sir Desmond Langley (b. 1930 - d. 2008) 25 Aug 1992 - 4 Jun 1997 David Waddington, Baron (b. 1929) Waddington 4 Jun 1997 - 27 Nov 2001 Thorold Masefield (b. 1939) 27 Nov 2001 - 11 Apr 2002 Tim Gurney (acting) (b. 1955) 11 Apr 2002 - 12 Oct 2007 Sir John Vereker (b. 1944) 12 Oct 2007 - 12 Dec 2007 Mark Andrew Capes (acting) (b. 1954) 12 Dec 2007 - 18 May 2012 Sir Richard Hugh Turton Gozney (b. 1951) 18 May 2012 - 23 May 2012 David B. Arkley (acting) 23 May 2012 - George Fergusson (b. 1955)

Government Leaders 10 Jun 1968 - 29 Dec 1971 Sir Henry Tucker (b. 1903 - d. 1986) UBP 29 Dec 1971 - 18 Apr 1973 Sir Edward Richards (b. 1908 - d. 1991) UBP Premiers 18 Apr 1973 - 29 Dec 1975 Sir Edward Richards (s.a.) UBP 29 Dec 1975 - 30 Aug 1977 John Henry Sharpe (b. 1921 - d. 1999) UBP 30 Aug 1977 - 15 Jan 1982 David Gibbons (b. 1927) UBP 15 Jan 1982 - 25 Aug 1995 John William David Swan (b. 1935) UBP (from 1 Jan 1990, Sir John William David Swan) 25 Aug 1995 - 27 Mar 1997 David Saul (b. 1939) UBP 27 Mar 1997 - 10 Nov 1998 Pamela Felicity Gordon(f) (b. 1955) UBP 10 Nov 1998 - 29 Jul 2003 Jennifer Meridith Smith(f) (b. 1947) PLP 29 Jul 2003 - 30 Oct 2006 Alex Scott (b. 1940) PLP 30 Oct 2006 - 29 Oct 2010 Ewart FrederickBrown, Jr. (b. 1946) PLP 29 Oct 2010 - 18 Dec 2012 Paula Ann Cox (f) (b. 1964?) PLP18 Dec 2012 - Craig Cannonier (b. 1963) OBA

Party abbreviations: OBA = One Bermuda Alliance (center-right, merger of UBP and Bermuda Democratic Alliance, est.2011); PLP = Progressive Labour Party (social-democratic, est.1963); - Former parties: UBP = United Bermuda Party (center-right, 1964-2011, merged into OBA)