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Zambian Traditional States

States: Bemba - Bulozi (Lozi) (Barotseland) - Jere-Ngoni - Kahare - Kazembe - Luchazi - Momba - Mukamba - Mutondo -

Note: There are numerous states of various sizes. Recorded here are the three major ones and two important smaller states in eastern Barotseland. In 1969 all states were officially de-recognized, but the traditional chieftainships were officially allowed to continue.
  Under the British "indirect" rule the states were recognized by the British as the Native Authorities with legal authority of local administration (from 1929) and taxation (from 1936). In most cases the status of Native Authority was exercised by councils of federated rulers. Barotseland enjoyed greater degree of local autonomy from the beginning.

Bemba

[Bemba (Zambia)]

bf.1700                    Principal state of the Bemba ethnic group founded by Citi mukulu.
Oct 1969                   State de-recognized by Zambia.

Rulers (title Citimukulu)
.... - ....                Chibengele Citimukulu XVI             
.... - ....                Mutalewa Munkombwe Citimukulu
                             XVII
.... - ....                Chifundaca Busoshi Citimukulu
                             XVIII               
 .... - ....                Sekwila Citimukulu XIX
 .... - ....                Kasonde Citimukulu XX
 .... - ....                Salalabanabonke Citimukulu XXI
 .... - ....                Mukukawa Malekano Citimukulu XXII
 .... - 1820                Cilyamafwa Citimukulu XXIII        (d. 1820)
1820 - 1827                Cincinta Susula Citimukulu XXIV    (d. 1827)
1827 - 1860                Cileshye Cepela Citimukulu XXV     (d. 1860)
1860 - 1866                Bwembya I Citimukulu XXVI          (d. 1866)
 1866 - 1883                Mutale Mutuka Citapankwa I         (d. 1883)
                             Citimukulu XXVII
1883 - May 1896            Mulenda Sampa Kapalakashya         (d. 1896)
                             Citimukulu XXVIII
1896 - 1898                Regency
 1898 - 1911                Cimfwembe Mulenga Makumba          (b. 18.. - d. 1911)
                             Citimukulu XXIX
1911 - 1913                Regency
 1913 - 1917                Mutale Lwanga Citimukulu XXX       (b. 18.. - d. 1917)
1917 - 1918                Regency
1918 - 1922                Ponde Cisowa Citimukulu XXXXI      (d. 1922)
 1922 - 1924                Regency
 1924 - 1943                Makumba Kanyanta Citimukulu XXXII  (d. 1943)
1943 - 1946                Beleshi Kanyanta (caretaker chief)
 1944 - 1945                Mubanga Cisupa                     (d. 1945)
                              (not installed)
1946 - 1965                Kafula Musungu Citimukulu XXXIII   (b. 1890 - d. 1965)
 1965                       Stephen Mutale (caretaker chief)
1965 - 27 Oct 1969         Musenga Chitimukulu XXXIV          (d. 1969)
1969 - 1970                Ackson Chilufya Mwamba
                             (caretaker chief)
 1970 - 1980                Bwembya II Citimukulu XXXV         (d. 1980)  
1980 - 1981                Chisangaponde (caretaker chief)
 1981 - 11 Aug 2004         Mutale Ng'andu Citapankwa II       (b. 19.. - d. 2004) 
                              Citimukulu XXXVI
 12 Aug 2004 - May 2007     Mulenga Ng'ando (caretaker chief)
  7 May 2007 -  3 Apr 2012  Chilufya Mwango Citapankwa III     (b. 19.. - d. 2012)
                             Citimukulu XXXVII
 3 Apr 2012 -  1 May 2013  Chilufya Mwamba (caretaker chief)
 1 Aug 2013 -              Mwinelubemba Citimukulu XXXVIII
                             Kanyanta-Manga II


Bulozi (Lozi) (Barotseland)
 
[Barotseland Litunga's flag c.1890-c.2011 (Zambia)]
c.1890 - c.2011 Litunga's Flag
[Barotseland alternate flag to c.2011 (Zambia)]
Alternate Flag to c.2011
[Barotseland flag from af.2011 (Zambia)]
Adopted af.2011
Capital: Mongu
Population: 363,000 (1964)

c.1550                     Bulozi (Barotse) kingdom founded.
1838                       Suppressed by Makololo invaders (Kolol-Rotse Empire).
1864                       Bulozi kingdom restored.
1897                       British protectorate.
17 Aug 1911                Incorporated into British Northern Rhodesia.
12 May 1953 - 24 Oct 1964  Separate Barotseland Protectorate.
 19 May 1964                Barotse Land Agreement signed.
 24 Oct 1964 - 1969         Barotseland province within Zambia.
Oct 1969                   State de-recognized by Zambia.
 27 Mar 2012 -  3 Apr 2012  Barotseland National Council attempts to nullify the Barotse
                              Land Agreement of 1964.

Rulers (title Mbumu wa Litunga)
.... - ....                Mboo Mwanasilandu
.... - ....                Inyambo
.... - ....                Yeta I
.... - ....                Ngalama
.... - ....                Yeta II Malute
.... - ....                Ngombala
.... - ....                Yubya Lukama -Regent
.... - ....                Mwanawina I
.... - 1812                Mwananyanda Liwale
1812 - 1830                Mulambwa Santulu
1830                       Silumelume
1830 - 1838                Mubukwanu
1838                       Imasiku
Makololo chiefs (title Morêna)
1838 -  7 Jul 1851         Sebetwane                          (b. c.1800 - d. 1851)
1851                       Mma Motshisane (f)
1851 - Jun 1863            Sekeletu                           (b. 1833 - d. 1863)
Jun 1863 - 1863            Mambili
1863                       Liswaniso (in rebellion)
1863 - 1864                Mbololo                            (d. 1864)
Rulers (title Mbumu wa Litunga)
Jun 1864 - Aug 1876        Sipopa Lutangu                     (b. 1830 - d. 1876)
Aug 1876 - Oct 1876        Mowa Mamili -Regent
Oct 1876 - May 1878        Mwanawina II                       (b. 1857 - d. 1879)
Aug 1878 - Aug 1884        Lubosi I (1st time)                (b. 1842 - d. 1916)
Sep 1884 - Jul 1885        Tatila Akufuna                     (d. c.1887)
1885                       Sikufele (in rebellion)
 4 Nov 1885 -  4 Feb 1916  Lubosi I (Lewanika I) (2nd time)   (s.a.)
 4 Feb 1916 - 13 Mar 1916  Mokamba -Regent
13 Mar 1916 - Jun 1945     Yeta III                           (b. 1871 - d. 1952)
Jun 1945 - Jun 1946        Shemakone Kalonga Wina -Regent     (b. 1878 - d. 19..)
                              (1st time)
Jun 1946 - Jun 1948        Mwanang'ono Imwiko I Lewanika      (b. 1885 - d. 1948)
Jun 1948 - Aug 1948        Shemakone Kalonga Wina -Regent     (s.a.)
                              (2nd time)
Aug 1948 - 13 Nov 1968     Mwanawina III                      (b. 1888 - d. 1968) 
                             (from 1 Jan 1959, Sir Mwanawina III)
13 Nov 1968 - 15 Dec 1968  Hastings Ndangwa Noyoo -Regent
15 Dec 1968 -  7 Feb 1977  Godwin Mbikusita Lewanika II       (b. 1907 - d. 1977)
1977 -  7 Jul 2000         Ilute Yeta IV                      (b. 1948 - d. 2000) 
13 Oct 2000 -              Lubosi II Imwiko II

Prime ministers (Ngambela)
 .... - ....                Ing'uwa-Mwambwa
 .... - ....                Imbala-Mwambwa
 .... - ....                Imandi Liomba
 .... - ....                Angulu
 .... - ....                Iwake (1st time)  
.... - ....                Namunda
 .... - ....                Malende Sikwanda-kwanda
 .... - ....                Iwake (2nd time)
 18.. - 18..                Namunda Katanekwa
 18.. - 18..                Nambayo
 18.. - 18..                Namuyamba
 18.. - 18..                Muswa
 18.. - 18..                Omei 
18.. - 18..                Mamili
 18.. - 1878                Ngenda Mufolofolo
18.. - 18..                Silumbu Akapelwa 
1885 - 19 Sep 1898         Mwauluka                           (d. 1898)
16 Feb 1899 - 1919         Mokamba                            (d. 1919)
1919 - 1920                Kueleka Tawila Silumba
 8 May 1920 - 1928         Mataa Ndiku
 1929 - 1941                Mbwangweta Munalula                (d. 1941)
1941 - 1948                Shemakono Kalonga Wina             (s.a.)
1948 - 1956                Mukele Walubita                    (b. 1897 - d. 19..)      
May 1956 - 1962            Akabeswa Imasiku                   (b. 1921)
1962 - 18 Oct 1963         Evans Silumelume Siyubo
1963 - 1964                Muleta (acting)
 1964 - 196.                Hastings Ndangwa Noyoo
                             (acting to 19 Dec 1964)
 196. - Oct 1969            Imwaka Mahela
1969 - Sep 1972            Francis Lishomwa Suu 
27 Dec 1972 - 19..         Griffith Musialike Mukonde 
1996 - 28 Dec 1999         Maxwell Mututwa                    (b. 1919? - d. 2011)
13 Oct 2000 - 16 Oct 2006  Mukela Manyando
 2006 - 2007                Imbuwa Imwaka (acting)
2007 - 2008                Imasiku Lyamunga (acting)          (b. 19.. - d. 2017)
 2009 - 22 May 2011         Litia Walubita (acting)            (b. 1929? - d. 2011)
22 May 2011 - 31 Jan 2012  Induna Inete (acting)   
31 Jan 2012 - 10 Nov 2012  Clement Wainyae Sinyinda
 2012 -  9 Apr 2015         Induna Kalonga (acting)            (b. 19.. - d. 2015)
                            (Siisi Godfrey Lifuna)
2015 - 2017                Induna Mukulwakashiko (acting)
 3 Apr 2017 - Sep 2018     Nyambe Mwenda
Sep 2018 - Jan 2019        Mowa Zambwe (acting)
17 Jan 2019 -              Mukela Manyando  

British Resident, Barotseland Protectorate
 27 Sep 1897 - 18 Sep 1907  Robert Thorne Coryndon             (b. 1870 - d. 1925)
 British Resident Commissioners, Barotseland Protectorate
 1953 - 1957                Alan Forbes Bourne Glennie         (b. 1903 - d. 1984)
 Aug 1957 - Dec 1957        Glyn Smallwood Jones               (b. 1908 - d. 1992)
 1958 - 1961                Gervas Charles Robert Clay         (b. 1907 - d. 2009)
 1961 - 1963                Frank Maurice Noel Heath (acting)  (b. 1915 - d. 1993)
 1963 - Oct 1964            Colin Guy Champion Rawlins         (b. 1919 - d. 2003)


Kazembe

c.1710                     Kazembe state (named after royal style of rulers)
                             founded in present Congo (Kinshasa).
1899                       Kazembe under British South Africa Company protectorate.
1904                       Remains of state in present Zambia.
Oct 1969                   State de-recognized.

Rulers (title Mwata Kazembe)
c.1710 - c.1740            Kazembe I N'ganda Bilonda
c.1740 - c.1760            Kazembe II Kanyembo I Mpemba
c.1760 - Oct 1805          Kazembe III ILunga Lukwesa           (d. 1805)
1805 - 1850                Kazembe IV Kanyembo II Keleka Mayi   (b. 1779 - d. 1850)
1850 - 1854                Kazembe V Kapumba Mwonga I Mfwama    (d. 1854)
1854 - 1862                Kazembe VI Cinyanta I Munona I       (d. 1862)
1862                       Luukwesa Mpanga Mabote (= Kazembe IX)
                             (not installed)
1862 - 1870                Kazembe VII Mwonga II Nsemba
1870 - 1872                Kazembe VIII Cinkonkole Kafuti I     (d. 1872)
1872 - 1883                Kazembe IX Lukwesa I Mpanga
                             Mabote (1st time)
1883 - 1885                Kazembe X Kanyembo III Ntemena       (b. 18.. - d. 1904)
                             (1st time)
1885 - 1886                Kazembe IX Lukwesa I Mpanga 
                             Mabote (2nd time)
1886 - 1904                Kazembe X Kanyembo III Ntemena       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1904 - 1919                Kazembe XI Mwonga III Kapakata
1919 - 1935                Kazembe XII Cinyanta II Kasasa       (d. 1935)
1936 - 1941                Kazembe XIII Kanyembo IV Chibu       (d. 1941)
                             "Chinkonkole"                
1941 - 1950                Kazembe XIV Shadreck Cinyanta III    (d. 1950)
                             Nankula         
1950 - 1957                Kazembe XV Brown N'gombe Chofwe      (d. 1957)
1957 - 1961                Kazembe XVI Kanyembo V Kapema
29 Jun 1961 - 19 Mar 1983  Kazembe XVII Paul Kanyembo VI Lutaba (d. 1983)
 17 Jun 1983 - 14 Jun 1998  Kazembe XVIII Munona II Cinyanta     (d. 1998)
                             "Kafumbe"
1998 -                     Kazembe XIX Paul Mpemba Kanyembo     (b. 1962)
                             VII Kpale Mpalume 


Other States

Jere-Ngoni

 1848                       Jere-Ngoni tribe of Chipata, founded by a scion of the
                             Jere Ngoni or Qeko (in modern Malawi).
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi ya makosi)
1848 - 21 Sep 1900         Chikusi Mpezeni I (Mpeseni I)       (b. 1830 - d. 1900)
 1900 - 1928                Chilowa Mpezeni II                  (d. 1928)  
 1928 - 1981                Pontino Gabriel Mpezeni III K.M.    (b. c.1920 - d. 1981)
1981 -                     Daniel Yamakhosi Mpezeni IV         (b. c.1956)

Kahare

 Rulers (title Mwene/Myene Kahare)
 .... - ....                Shilumelume [1st ruler]
 .... - ....                Likambi Mange
 .... - ....                Shiwutulu
 .... - ....                Shihoka
 .... - ....                Kahare I
 .... - ....                Kapeshi ka Munungampanda
 .... - c.1860              Kahare II (f)
18.. - 18..                Kahare III wa Luhuki Lumweya
18.. - 18..                Sikanda (f)
 18.. - 18..                Kabimba
 18.. - 18..                Shakalongo
 18.. - 18..                Katalanangenge
 18.. - 18..                Ndendola
 18.. - c.1880              Kazembe
 c.1881 - c.1882            Kalumpiteka
 c.1883 - c.1898            Kabambi I Shambanjo Shamamano
                             Kahare IV
 c.1898 - 1913              Mpelembe Kahare  V
 1913 - Oct 1920            Mhina Kahare VI
 1921 - 1923                Timuna Kahare VII (1st time)         (d. 1954)
 1923                       Vacant
 1923 - 1952                Timuna Kahare VII (2nd time)         (s.a.)
 1952 - Dec 1993            Kbambi II Kahare VIII                (b. 1921 - d. 1993)
                              (acting to 1955)
 1994 - 2002                Kubamba II Kahare IX                 (d. 2002)
2002 -                     .... Kahare X

Luchazi 

 Rulers (title Mwene wa Luchazi)
 .... - ....                Kalunga Mutunda
 .... - 28 Oct 1936         Kamwocha Kahyata Samukonga Kalunga I
 1928 - 28 Oct 1936         Chiwaya Ntsamba -Regent              (b. 1898 - d. 1981)
 28 Oct 1936 - 12 Oct 1981  Chiwaya Ntsamba Kalunga II           (s.a.)
 12 Oct 1981 - 15 Oct 2009  Mwangana Kalunga Chiwaya Ntsamba     (b. 19.. - d. 2009)
                              Kalunga III
 12 Oct 2009 -              Chiwaya Ntsamba Kalunga IV

Momba

 Rulers (title Mwene Momba)
 .... - ....                Kabazi Momba I
 .... - ....                Shafukma Momba II
 .... - ....                Kasheba Momba III
 c.1860s                    Shabuwe Momba IV  
 .... - ....                Ngwenyama Momba V
 .... - ....                Mulilabanyama Momba VI
.... - ....                Kavuba Momba VII
 bf.1972 -                  Shililo Momba VIII

Mukamba

Rulers (title Mwene/Myene wa Mukamba)
 .... - ....                Kavuba [1st ruler]
 .... - ....                Mukamba
 .... - ....                Kuwonga Mukamba I
 .... - ....                Lukeke Mukamba II
 .... - ....                Kapoyo Mukamba III
 .... - ....                Nkunzu Kabulwebulwe I (f)
 .... - ....                Mahepo Kabulwebulwe II (f)
 .... - ....                Mukutabafu I Kabulwebulwe III (f)
 .... - ....                Mukutabafu II Kabulwebulwe IV (f)
 .... - 1994                Mukutabafu III Kabulwebulwe V (f)    (d. 1994)
 1994 -                     Mukutabafu IV Kabulwebulwe VI (f)

Mutondo

 Rulers (title Mwene/Myene)
 c.1700                     Libupe (f) [1st ruler]
 .... - ....                Shilayi Mashiku (f)
 .... - ....                Katete (f)
 .... - ....                Shilemantumba Shilayi (f)
 .... - ....                Mawato (f)
 .... - ....                Luhamba "the Great"
 .... - ....                Kashina I
.... - ....                Lipepo
 .... - ....                Welema
.... - ....                Kazikwa I
.... - ....                Shihoka
 .... - ....                Kabongo I
 .... - ....                Kalumbwa
 .... - ....                Kaazi
 .... - ....                Manenga I (f)
 .... - ....                Kabongo II
.... - ....                Mulambila Mungambwa Shibi Sha
                              Tuwoma
 .... - ....                Kavuba
.... - ....                Mukamba Mvubu Kwonga
.... - ....                Mashiku Manenga II (f)
 .... - 1817                Shishopa Kayambila                   (d. 1817)
 Rulers (title Mwene Mutondo wa Lukena)
 1817 - 1860                Mate Shinkisha Mutondo I (f) 
1860 - 1867                Kashina II Lishenga Shiyene Mutondo II 
1867 - 1895                Kashunkani Mutondo III
1895                       Shiwowa Munangsha Mutondo IV
 1895                       Mushunga Mutondo V
 1895 - 1914                Mampilu Wahila Mutondo VI
 1914 - 1915                Kazikwa II Shayama Mushonto   
                             Mutondo VII (1st time)
 1915                       Shaloba Nanyinca Mutondo VIII        (b. 1870 - d. 1943)      
                             (1st time)
 1915 - 1917                Kazikwa II Shayama Mushonto
                              Mutondo VII (2nd time)
 Dec 1917 - 22 Dec 1943     David Shaloba Nyanyinca Mutondo VIII (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)                        
22 May 1944 - 1947         Muyita Muchayila Mutondo IX          (b. 1910 - d. 1990)
                              (1st time)
 1947 - 1981                Kalapukila Mutondo X                 (d. 1981)
 1981 - 1990                Muyita Muchayila Mutondo IX          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
1991 - 1992                Chipimbi Mutondo X                   (d. 1992)
 1993 - c.2006              Shihoka Nalinanga Mutondo XI         (d. c.2006)
 c.2007 - 2011              Kangombe Mnoikula Mutondo XII        (d. 2011)
  8 Apr 2012 -              .... Mutondo XIII





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