Vanuatu
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- 1887 - 20 Oct 1906
Anglo-French Administration
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-
- 20 Oct 1906
- 1953 British Administration
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- 1953 - 18 Feb
1980 British Administration
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- 20 Oct 1906 - 18
Feb 1980 French Administration
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- 29 Nov 1977 - 11
May 1978 VP People's Prov.
Govt.
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-
- Adopted 18 Feb
1980
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Map
of Vanuatu
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Hear
National Anthem
"Yumi, Yumi, Yumi"
(We, We, We)
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Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 1980
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Constitution
(30 Jul 1980)
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Capital:
Port-Vila
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Currency:
Vanuatu Vatu (VUV);
1945-81 New Hebrides CFP Franc
(NHF); 1941-45 New Hebrides
Franc (NHF); 1914-41 British
Pound (GBP); 1914-41 French
Franc (FRF)
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National
Holiday: 30 Jul (1980)
Independence Day |
Population: 288,037 (2018) |
GDP: $772
million (2017)
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Exports:
$44.7 million (2017)
Imports: $273.7
million (2017)
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Ethnic groups:
Melanesian 99.2% (Ni-Vanuatu),
non-Melanesian 0.8% (2016)
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Total
Paramilitary Force: 575 (2012)
Merchant marine:
405 ships (2018)
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Religions:
Protestant 70% (includes Presbyterian
27.9%,
Anglican 15.1%, Seventh Day Adventist
12.5%, Assemblies of
God 4.7%, Church of Christ 4.5%, Neil
Thomas Ministry 3.1%,
and Apostolic 2.2%), Roman Catholic
12.4%, customary
beliefs 3.7% (including Jon Frum cargo
cult), other 12.6%,
none 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2009)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
ADB, AIIB, AOSIS, APA
(observer), APM, BTWC, C,
CTBT, CWC, ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO (suspended), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM,
IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MSG, NAM,
NPT, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, PC, PIF,
UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO,
UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO
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Vanuatu
Index
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Chronology
1 May
1606
Discovered by Spanish Capt. Pedro
Fernández de
Quirós, landing on an island he names
Terra
Austrialis del Espiritu
Santo (Espiritu Santo).
23 May
1768
Re-discovered by Louis-Antoine
de Bougainville,
and named Archipel les
Grandes Cyclades.
17 Jul
1774
Visited by British Capt. James Cook,
named the
New Hebrides.
1825 - 1887
British trader Peter Dillon trades
from the
islands, followed by Protestant
missionaries and
French traders and settlers
from New Caledonia.
24 Sep
1853
French Admiral Febvrier-Despointes draws up the
act of possession by France of New
Caledonia
and its
"dependencies" (but does not
indicate
which
'possessions').
Feb
1878
Neutral territory, British settlers
are under the
jurisdiction of the governor of Fiji.
24 Oct 1887
Anglo-French joint Naval Commission
instituted.
Aug 1889 -
1890
Independent Commune of Franceville
declared at Port
Vila
(in dissidence).
Jul
1900
French settlers placed under the
jurisdiction of
the governor of New Caledonia.
20 Oct 1906 - 1980
Anglo-French condominium over the
islands declared
(New Hebrides/Nouvelles-Hébrides).
1906 - 2 Jan
1976
British administration under the British
Western
Pacific
Territories.
20 Jul 1940 -
1945
French administration loyal to the
Free French.
18 Mar 1942 -
1945
U.S. forces stationed
in the New Hebrides.
1965
Matthew and Hunter Islands declared
attached to the
Anglo-French Condominium of New
Hebrides by U.K.
1 Jun 1980 - 31 Aug 1980
Attempted secession by Espiritu Santo
(Vemerana).
30 Jul
1980
Independence (Republic of Vanuatu).
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Provinces
(from 1994)
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Na-Griamel,
Vemerana
(1980)
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Tanna,
Tafea
(1973-1974,
1980)
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British Naval Commissioners (the
Commanders-in-chief of the Australia Station)
1 Feb 1887 - 10 Sep 1889
Henry Fairfax
(b. 1837 - d.
1900)
10 Sep 1889 - 12 Sep 1892 Lord Charles
Montagu Douglas Scott (b. 1839 - d. 1911)
12 Sep 1892 - 1 Nov 1894 Nathaniel
Bowden-Smith
(b. 1838 - d. 1921)
1 Nov 1894 - 1 Nov 1897
Cyprian Arthur George Bridge
(b. 1839 - d. 1924)
1 Nov 1898 - 1 Oct 1900 Hugo
Lewis Pearson
(b. 1843 - d. 1912)
1 Oct 1900 - 10 Nov 1902 Sir Lewis
Anthony Beaumont (b. 1847 -
d. 1922)
10 Nov 1902 - 10 Sep 1905 Sir Arthur
Dalrymple Fanshawe (b. 1847 - d.
1936)
10 Sep 1905 - 31 Dec 1907 Sir Wilmot
Hawksworth Fawkes (b. 1846 - d.
1926)
British Resident Commissioners (subordinated
to the high commissioners
for the Western Pacific [at Fiji to 1952, then at
the Solomon
Islands])
1902 - 1907
Ernest Goldfinch Rason
(b. 1851 - d.
1915)
Dec 1907 - 1924
Merton
King
(b. 18.. - d. 1939)
1924 - 17 Aug 1927 Geoffrey
Whistler Bingham Smith- (b. 1879 - d.
1927)
Rewse
1927 - 1940
George Andrew
Joy
(b. 1896 - d. 1974)
3 Sep 1940 - 1950
Richard Denis
Blandy
(b. 1891 - d. 1964)
10 Nov 1950 - 1955
Hubert James Marlowe Flaxman
(b. 1893 - d. 1976)
(from 10 Jun 1954, Sir Hubert
James Marlowe Flaxman)
1955 - 1962
John Shaw
Rennie
(b. 1917 - d. 1981)
Sep 1962 - 1966
Alexander Mair
Wilkie
(b. 1917 - d. 1966)
1966 - 1973
Colin Hamilton
Allan
(b. 1921 - d. 1993)
1973 - 1975
Roger William
Houssemayne du (b. 1922 -
d. 2020)
Boulay
1975 - Oct 1978
John Stuart
Champion
(b. 1921 - d. 1994)
Nov 1978 - 30 Jul 1980 Andrew
Christopher Stuart
(b. 1928 - d. 2014)
British High Commissioners
(in London)
Dec 1973 - 1976
Edward Noel
Larmour
(b. 1916 - d. 1999)
Dec 1976 - 1977
Henry Sydney Herbert
Stanley (b. 1920 -
d. 1995)
1977 - 1980
Richard
Stratton
(b. 1924 - d. 1988)
French Naval Commissioners (the
Commanders of Naval Division of the Pacific Ocean
[Chef de la Division navale de l'Océan Pacifique])
Jan 1886 - Feb 1888
Adolphe-Laurent-Anatole Marc
(b. 1832 - d. 1889)
de Blond de Saint-Hilaire
28 Feb 1888 - 1890
Auguste Alfred Lefèvre
(b. 1828 - d. 1907)
Aug 1889 - 1890
Ferdinand Albert Chevillard
(b. 1851 - d. 19..)
(mayor of Franceville, in dissidence)
Apr 1891 - 1893
Emile Parrayon
(b. 1834 - d.
1913)
15 Feb 1893 - 1895
Charles Courrejolles (1st time)
(b. 1842 - d. 1903)
1896? -
1898
Jean Fort
(b. 1845 - d. 1913)
1898 - 1 Mar 1899
René-Julien Marquis
(b. 1846 - d. 1929)
1 Mar 1899 - 24 Sep 1900 Charles
Courrejolles (2nd time) (s.a.)
(commander of Naval Division of the Far East)
Sep 1900 -
1901
Paul Louis Germinet
(b. 1846 - d. 1914)
1901 -
1903
Léon Barnaud
(b.
1845 - d. 1909)
5 May 1903 - 1905
Paul Adigard
(b.
1853 - d. 1907)
15 Feb 1905 -
1907
Marc Gilbert Paul Hautefeuille (b. 1852 -
d. 1923)
French Resident Commissioners (subordinated
to the high commissioners in the
Pacific Ocean [from 22 Mar 1907 the
governors of New
Caledonia])
28 Aug 1901 - 1905
Gaudence Charles
Faraut
(b. 1861 - d. 19..)
3 Jan 1905 - Jan
1908 Charles Auguste Jules
Victor Bord (b. 1865 - d. 1942)
28 Jan 1908 - Jun 1908
Jean-Martin Colonna (1st time)
(b. 1864 - d. 19..)
(acting)
24 Jun 1908 - Dec 1909
Charles Henri Adrien Noufflard (b. 1872 -
d. 1952)
28 Dec 1909 - 27 Jul 1910
Jean-Martin Colonna (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
27 Jul 1910 -
1911 Jules
Martin (acting)
(b. 1855 - d. 19..)
24 Jul 1911 - 15 Nov 1911 Alfred
Jean-Baptiste Dominique (b. 1868
- d. 1935)
Jules Solari (1st time)(acting)
15 Nov 1911 - 1913
Jules Vincent
Repiquet
(b. 1874 - d. 1960)
(acting to 1 Jul 1912)
23 Jun 1913 -
1916
Louis Jacques Miramende (1st time)
(b. 1869 - d. 1968)
9 Nov 1916 -
1918
Edmond Joseph Hilarion Paul
(b. 1875 - d. 1936)
Lippmann (acting)
1918 - 30 Dec 1918
Lucien Hugues Arthur Nielly
(b. 1880 - d. 1959)
30 Dec 1918 - Jun
1920 Alfred Jean-Baptiste
Dominique (s.a.)
Jules Solari (2nd time)(acting)
Jun 1920 -
1921
Louis Jacques Miramende (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Jun 1921 - 6 Sep 1921 Albert Jean
Marie Boisivon (acting)(b. 1873 - d. 19..)
6 Sep 1921 -
1923
Henri Marie Joseph d'Arboussier
(b. 1875 - d. 1930)
(1st time)
11 Aug 1923 - 15 Mar 1925
Auguste Adolphe Joseph Marie
(b. 1875 - d. 1936)
Raoul de la Vaissière (acting)
15 Mar 1925 - 1926
Henri Maire
Joseph d'Arboussier (s.a.)
(2nd time)
2 Aug 1926 - 1927
Paul François Joseph Ballot
(acting)
1927 - 1929
Henri Maire Joseph d'Arboussier (s.a.)
(3rd time)
6 Apr 1929 - 30 Mar 1930 Gabriel
Henri Joseph Thaly (acting)(b. 1875 - d. 1967)
30 Mar 1930 -
1931
Maurice Georges Tronet (acting)
26 Jul 1931 -
1933
Antoine Louis Carlotti
(b. 1871 - d. 1956)
19 Mar 1933 -
1935
Henri Camille Sautot (1st time) (b.
1885 - d. 1963)
(acting to 20 Jun 1934)
16 Apr 1935 - Jan 1937
Fernand Gaston Georges
Émile (b. 1896 - d.
1985)
Robert Casimir (acting)
Jan 1937 - 18 Mar
1937 Léon Alexandre Frédéric Le
Boucher
(acting)
18 Mar 1937 - Sep 1940 Henri
Camille Sautot (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Sep 1940 -
1947
Robert Charles Henri Kuter
(b. 1900 - d. 1987)
30 Nov 1943 - 31 May 1944 Alfred Albert
Louis Hubert Georges (b. 1907 - d. 1978)
Houques dit Fourcade
(acting for Kuter)
23 Sep 1946 - Jan 1947 Alfred
Albert Louis Hubert Georges (s.a.)
Houques dit Fourcade
(acting for Kuter)
Feb 1947 -
1949
André
Ménard
(b. 1907 - d. 1988)
10 Dec 1949 -
1958
Pierre Amédée Joseph Émile Jean (b.
1913 - d. 1996)
Anthonioz (acting to 24 Jun 1950)
11 Jun 1954 - 1955
Marcel Paul Joseph
Agostini (b.
1907 - d. 1988)
(acting for Anthonioz)
15 Nov 1958 - 1959
Benjamin Marcel
Favreau
(b. 1915 - d. 1994)
Dec 1959 - 5 Nov 1960 André
Marie Théodore Bijon (b.
1917 - d. 1991)
5 Nov 1960 -
1965
Maurice Charles Jules Delannay
(b. 1919 - d. 2009)
Apr 1965 -
1969
Jacques
Mouradian
(b. 1910 - d. 1992)
6 Nov 1969 -
1974
Robert Jules Amédée
Langlois (b. 1922 -
d. 2004)
10 Dec 1974 -
1977
Robert
Gauger
(b. 1925 - d. 1995)
1977 - 1978
Bernard
Pottier
(b. 1942)
1978 - 30 Jul
1980
Jean-Jacques Robert
(b. 1920 - d. 2017)
Presidents
30 Jul 1980 - 17 Feb
1984 Ati George Sokomanu (1st
time) (b.
1937)
VP
17 Feb 1984 - 8 Mar
1984 Frederick Karlomuana Timakata
(b. 1937 - d. 1995) VP
(1st time)(acting)
8 Mar 1984 - 12 Jan
1989 Ati George Sokomanu (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
VP
12 Jan 1989 - 30 Jan
1989 Onneyn Morris Tahi
(acting) (b.
1944 - d. 1998) VP
30 Jan 1989 - 30 Jan
1994 Frederick Karlomuana Timakata
(s.a.)
VP
(2nd time)
30 Jan 1994 - 2 Mar
1994 Alfred Maseng Nalo (1st
time) (b. 19.. - d.
2004) UPM
(acting)
2 Mar 1994 - 2
Mar 1999 Jean-Marie Léyé Lenelgau Manatawai (b.
1932 - d. 2014) UPM
2 Mar 1999 - 24 Mar
1999 Nipake Edward Natapei Tua
(b.
1954 - d. 2015) VP
Fanua`ariki (acting)
24 Mar 1999 - 24 Mar
2004 John Bennett
Bani
(b.
1941)
UPM
24 Mar 2004 - 12 Apr
2004 Roger Tom Abiut (1st time)(acting) (b.
1972?)
Ind
12 Apr 2004 - 11 May
2004 Alfred Maseng Nalo (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
UPM
11 May 2004 - 29 Jul
2004 Roger Tom Abiut (2nd time)(acting)
(s.a.)
Ind
29 Jul 2004 - 16 Aug
2004 Josias Moli
(acting)
(b. 1954)
UPM
16 Aug 2004 - 16 Aug
2009 Kalkot Mataskelekele Mauliliu
(b. 1949)
NUP
16 Aug 2009 - 2 Sep 2009
Maxime Carlot Korman (acting)
(b.
1942)
UPM
2 Sep 2009 - 2 Sep
2014 Iolu Johnson Abbil
(b. 1942)
VP
2 Sep 2014 - 22 Sep 2014 Philip Boedoro
(acting)
(b. 1958) VP
22 Sep 2014 - 17 Jun 2017 Baldwin Jacobson
Lonsdale
(b. 1950 - d.
2017) Non-party
17 Jun 2017 - 6 Jul 2017 Esmon Saimon
(acting)
(b. 1955) MPP
6 Jul 2017
-
Tallis Obed Moses
(b. 1954)
Non-party
Chief ministers
29 Nov 1977 - 22 Dec
1978 George Kaltoi
Kalsakau
(b. 1930 - d. 2001) NUP
29 Nov 1977 - 11 May 1978
Walter Hadye Lini (in
opposition) (b. 1942 - d. 1999) VP
(chairman of People's Provisional
Government)
22 Dec 1978 - 29 Nov 1979
Gérard
Leymang
(b. 1937 - d. 2002) TU
29 Nov 1979 - 30 Jul
1980 Walter Hadye
Lini
(s.a.)
VP
Prime ministers
30 Jul 1980 - 6 Sep
1991 Walter Hadye
Lini
(s.a.)
VP
18 Dec 1988 - 19 Dec
1988 Barak Tame Sopé Mautamata
(b.
1951)
MPP
(in opposition)
6 Sep 1991
- 16 Dec 1991 Donald Kalpokas Masikevanua
(b. 1943 - d. 2019) VP
(1st time)
16 Dec 1991 - 21 Dec
1995 Maxime Carlot (1st time)
(s.a.)
UPM
(from Feb 1992, Maxime Carlot Korman)
21 Dec 1995 - 23 Feb
1996 Serge Rialuth Vohor (1st
time) (b.
1955)
UPM
23 Feb 1996 - 30 Sep
1996 Maxime Carlot Korman (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
UPM
30 Sep 1996 - 30 Mar
1998 Serge Rialuth Vohor (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
UPM
30 Mar 1998 - 25 Nov
1999 Donald Kalpokas Masikevanua
(s.a.)
VP
(2nd time)
25 Nov 1999 - 13 Apr
2001 Barak Tame Sopé Mautamata
(s.a.)
MPP
13 Apr 2001 - 29 Jul
2004 Nipake Edward Natapei Tua
(s.a.)
VP
Fanua`ariki (1st time)
29 Jul 2004 - 11 Dec
2004 Serge Rialuth Vohor (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
UPM
11 Dec 2004 - 22 Sep 2008
Ham Lini Vanuarora (1st
time) (b.
1951)
NUP
22 Sep 2008 - 2 Dec
2010 Nipake Edward Natapei Tua
(s.a.)
VP
Fanua`ariki (2nd time)
2 Dec 2010 - 24 Apr
2011 Meltek Sato Kilman Livtunvanu
(b. 1957)
PPP
(1st time)
24 Apr 2011 - 13 May 2011 Serge Rialuth
Vohor (4th time) (s.a.)
UPM
13 May 2011 - 16 Jun 2011
Meltek Sato Kilman Livtunvanu (s.a.)
PPP
(2nd time)
16 Jun 2011 - 26 Jun 2011 Nipake
Edward Natapei Tua
(s.a.)
VP
Fanua`ariki (3rd time)
26 Jun 2011 - 21 Mar 2013
Meltek Sato Kilman Livtunvanu (s.a.)
PPP
(3rd time)
21 Mar 2013 - 23 Mar 2013 Ham Lini Vanuarora
(2nd time) (s.a.)
VP
(acting)
23 Mar 2013 - 15 May 2014 Moana Carcasses Kalosil
(b. 1959) GC
15 May 2014 - 11 Jun 2015 Joe
Natuman
(b. 1952) VP
11 Jun 2015 - 11 Feb 2016 Meltek Sato Kilman
Livtunvanu (s.a.)
PPP
(4th time)
11 Feb 2016 - 20 Apr 2020
Charlot Salwai Tabimasmas
(b. 1963)
RMC
20 Apr 2020
-
Bob Loughman Weibur
(b.
1961)
VP
Territorial Dispute: Matthew and
Hunter Islands (île Matthew et île Hunter)
east of New Caledonia claimed, from 1980 by
Vanuatu, and France.
Party abbreviations: GC
= Green Confederation/Confédération
Verte (ecological, social welfare, est.2000); GJP
= Graon Mo Jastis Pati/Land and Justice Party
(Ni-Vanuatu cultural conservatism, traditionalist,
reformist, est.2010); Ind =
Independent; MPP = Melanesian
Progressive Party (Anglophone, social-democratic,
split from VP, est.1988); NUP
= National United Party (social-democratic, Anglophone,
split from VP, est.1991); PPP
= People's Progress Party/Parti Progressiste Populaire
(reformist, est.2001, split from MPP); RMC =
Reunification of Movements for Change; UPM
= Union des Partis Modérés (Union of
Moderate Parties, conservative, Francophone, est.1981);
VLP = Vanuatu Labour Party
(est.1987); VP = Vanua'aku Pati
(Our Land Party, socialist, Anglophone, 1971-77 named
New Hebrides National Party [NHNP],
est.1977);
- Former parties: TU
= Tan Union (Francophone, moderate,
pro-independence, 1977-2001)
Vemerana
27 Dec 1975 - 1977 Na-Griamel
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1 Jun - 31 Aug 1980 Vemerana
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Map of Vemerana
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Capital: Luganville
(Santo Town)
(Fanafo [Vanafo] 1975-77)
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Population: N/A
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27 Dec 1975 - 1977
Federation of Self-governing Settlements of Na-Griamel
declared
at Fanafo on Santo Island by the superior
council of the Northern
islands (Aoba, Aore, Banks, Espiritu Santo [excepting
Luganville], Maewo, Sako, and Torres). Nagriamel
deferred its
declaration of independence twice before, this
goal was suspended
until the events of 1980.
1 Jun
1980
Independent State of Vemarana declared
on Espiriu Santo
Island (in dissidence from the New
Hebrides Condominium to
30 Jul 1980, then Vanuatu).
30 Jun - 24 Jul 1980
Malakula Island attempted N'Makiaute secessionists.
24 Jul
1980
New Hebrides Condominium authorities
occupy capital Luganville.
31 Aug
1980
Vemerana state suppressed.
Chief President of the Upper Council of the
Federation of Na-Griamel
24 Dec 1975 -
1977
Moli Jimmy Tubou Patuntun Stevens (b. 1927 - d.
1994) NG
Chief Minister of the Provisional Government of the Independent
State of Vemarana
1 Jun 1980 - 31 Aug
1980 Moli Jimmy Tubou Patuntun Stevens
(s.a.)
NG
Party abbreviation: NG =
Na-Griamel Kastom Movement (Ni-Vanuatu
traditionalist, Espiriu Santo
separatist, 1962-1980)
Tanna and Tafea
![[Nation of Tanna
flag, 1974 (Vanuatu)] [Nation of Tanna
flag, 1974 (Vanuatu)]](vu-tan74.gif)
Tanna Nation 24 Mar - 29 Jun 1974
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Possible Tafea
Nation 1 Jan - 26 May 1980
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24 Mar
1974
Independence of Tanna Nation proclaimed
at Imafin
on Tanna Island (not recognized).
18 Jun
1974
French forces occupy Tanna Island.
29 Jun
1974
Tanna suppressed by New Hebrides Condominium
authorities.
1 Jan
1980
Independence of TAFEA proclaimed by the Kapiel Alliance
at Lamlu, Tanna Island (for
Tanna, Anatom, Futuna, Erromango
and
Aniwa Islands)(Provisional Government of TAFEA).
26 May
1980
British forces take the capital Lamlu, ending the
rebellion.
King of the Tanna
Nation
24 Mar 1974 - 29 Jun 1974 Antoine Fornelli
(Fournalli) (b. 1919 - d.
1999)
Leader of the Provisional
Government of Tafea
1 Jan 1980 - 26 May 1980
Alexis Yolou (Iolu)
(b. c.1950 - d. 1980)
© Ben Cahoon
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