United Arab Emirates
 

8 Jan 1820 - 2 Dec 1971 As Written Trucial Maritime Flag 8 Jan 1820 - 2 Dec 1971 As Used Trucial Maritime Flag 1968 - 2 Dec 1971  Unofficial (Trucial States Council  Flag) Adopted 2 Dec 1971 Map of the United Arab Emirates Hear National Anthem "Nashid al-watani al-imarati"  (National Anthem of the Emirates) Text of National Anthem Adopted 1971 (lyrics 1986) Constitution (2 Dec 1971, provisional  until 20 May 1996) Capital: Abu Dhabi (Abu Zabi) Currency: Arab Emirati Dirham (AED); 1966-1973 Qatar- Dubai Riyal (XQDR); 1966 Bahraini Dinar (BHD); 1959-66 Persian Gulf Rupee (XPGR); 1892-1959 Indian Rupee (INR) National Holiday: 2 Dec (1971) Independence Day Population: 10,032,213  (2024) GDP: $719.7 billion (2023) Exports: $335.2 billion (2020) Imports: $246.8  billion (2020) Ethnic groups: Emirati Arab 11.6%, South Asian 59.4% (includes  Indian 38.2%, Bangladeshi 9.5%, Pakistani 9.4%, other 2.3%), Egyptian 10.2%, Filipino 6.1%, other 12.8% (2015) note: immigrants make up 87% of the total population (2019) Total Active Armed Forces: 193,000 (2019) U.S. Forces: 174 (2023) French Troops: 637 (2019) Merchant marine: 655 ships (2023) Religions: Muslim 74.4% (mostly 63.3%, Shia 6.7%, other 4.4%)(official), Christian 12.9%, Hindu 6.2%, Buddhist 3.2% agnostic 1.3%, others 1.9% (2020)  International Organizations/Treaties: ABEDA, ACS (observer), AfDB (ADF only), AFESD, AIIB, AL, AMF, ANT, AOAD, APA, Arabsat, AU (observer), BIS, BRICS, BTWC, CAEU, CICA, CP (applicant), CTBT, CWC, EBRD, FAO, G-24 (observer), G-77, GAFTA, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IORA, IPU, IRENA, ISA (observer), ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NATO (cooperation initiative), NDB, NPT, OAPEC, OIC, OIF (associate), OPCW, OPEC, OST, PA (observer), PAM, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SCO (dialogue partner), SICA (observer), UN, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO United Arab Emirates Index Chronology  9 Dec 1819                British forces begin suppressing piracy along                              the "Pirate Coast" in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf.  8 Jan 1820 - 15 Mar 1820  General Maritime Treaty between the local sheikhs                              and U.K. 1853                       Named the Trucial States, also known as Trucial                              Oman, or Trucial Coast (named after 1853 Perpetual                              Maritime Truce).  8 Mar 1892 - 30 Nov 1971  British protectorates (Trucial States, Trucial                              Coast, Trucial Oman). 1939                       British resident established in the Trucial                               States at Sharjah (to 1953, then in Dubai). 18 Jul 1971                Provisional formation of Federation of Arab                              Emirates (Trucial States together with Bahrain                              and Qatar).  2 Dec 1971                Federation of six emirates as the United Arab                               Emirates (al-Imarat al-`Arabiyya al-Muttahida)                              (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah,                              and Umm al-Quwain). 11 Feb 1972                Accession of Ras al-Khaimah. Abu Dhabi Ajman Dubai Fujairah Kalba (1903-1952) Ras al-Khaimah Sharjah Daba (1871-1951) Hamria (1875-1922) Hira (1915-1942) Umm al-Quwain

British Political Officers Trucial States (in Sharjah to 1953, then in Dubai)
(subordinated to the chief political residents of the Persian Gulf; see under Bahrain)
Oct 1939 - Oct 1940        John Baron Howes                   (b. 1907 - d. 1982) 
Oct 1940 - Apr 1941        Roy Douglas Metcalfe               (b. 1909 - d. 1981) 
 7 Apr 1941 - Apr 1942     Cornelius James Pelly              (b. 1908 - d. 1985) 
Mar 1943 - Apr 1944        Maurice Patrick Tandy              (b. 1912 - d. 1986) 
May 1944 - Oct 1944        Reginald Michael Hadow             (b. 1915 - d. 1993)
Oct 1944 - Apr 1945        Richard Ernest Rowland Bird        (b. 1912 - d. 1986) 
 3 Apr 1945 - Apr 1946     Raymond Clive Murphy               (b. 1912 - d. 1992) 
May 1946 - Jan 1947        Hugh Rance (1st time)              (b. 1912 - d. 2011)
Jan 1947 - May 1947        Gordon Noel Jackson (1st time)     (b. 1913 - d. 1999)
May 1947 - Jun 1947        Hugh Rance (2nd time)              (s.a.)
Jun 1947 - Jul 1947        Cornelius James Pelly              (b. 1908 - d. 1985)
Jul 1947 - Aug 1947        Gordon Noel Jackson (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1947 - 1948                Joseph Edward Havelock Hudson      (b. 1915 - d. 1976)
1948 - 1950                Patrick Desmond Stobart            (b. 1920 - d. 1991)
1950 - 1951                Harry Denis Mitchell               (b. 1923 - d. 1971)
1951 - 1952                Arthur John Wilton                 (b. 1921 - d. 2011)
1952                       Martin Stanley Buckmaster          (b. 1921 - d. 2007)
1952 - 1953                Michael Scott Weir                 (b. 1925 - d. 2006)
British Political Agents Trucial States (subordinated to the chief political residents
of Persian Gulf; see under Bahrain to 1962)(in Dubai; from 1961 for all except Abu Dhabi)
20 May 1953 - 1955         John William Wall                  (b. 1910 - d. 1989)
1955 - 1956                Christopher Pirie-Gordon           (b. 1911 - d. 1980)
1956 - 1958                John Peter Tripp                   (b. 1921 - d. 1986)
1958 - 1961                Donald Frederick Hawley            (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
1961 - 1964                Alfred James M. Craig              (b. 1924 - d. 2017)
1964 - 1966                Hugh Glencairn Balfour-Paul        (b. 1917 - d. 2008)
1966 - 1968                David Arthur Roberts               (b. 1924 - d. 1987)
1968 - 1971                Julian Leonard Bullard             (b. 1928 - d. 2006)
1971 - 2 Dec 1971          Julian Fortay Walker               (b. 1929 - d. 2018)
Presidents
 2 Dec 1971 -  2 Nov 2004  Sheikh Zayid II bin Sultan Al      (b. 1918 - d. 2004)  Non-party
                             Nahayyan (Abu Dhabi)
 2 Nov 2004 -  3 Nov 2004  Sheikh Maktum bin Rashid Al Maktum (b. 1943 - d. 2006)  Non-party
                             (acting) (Dubai)
 3 Nov 2004 - 13 May 2022  Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayid Al        (b. 1948 - d. 2022)  Non-party
                             Nahayyan (Abu Dhabi)
13 May 2022 - 14 May 2022  Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid Al      (b. 1949)            Non-party
                             Maktum (Dubai) (acting)
14 May 2022 -              Sheikh Muhammad bin Zayid Al
                             Nahayyan                         (b. 1961)            Non-party

Prime ministers
 9 Dec 1971 - 25 Apr 1979  Sheikh Maktum III bin Rashid Al    (s.a.)               Non-party
                             Maktum (1st time) (Dubai)
25 Apr 1979 -  7 Oct 1990  Sheikh Rashid II bin Said Al       (b. 1912 - d. 1990)  Non-party
                             Maktum (Dubai)
20 Nov 1990 -  4 Jan 2006  Sheikh Maktum III bin Rashid Al    (s.a.)               Non-party
                             Maktum (2nd time) (Dubai)
 5 Jan 2006 -              Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid Al      (s.a.)               Non-party
                             Maktum (Dubai)

Party abbreviations: None; political parties are banned.

Territorial Disputes: Boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been published; the UAE has differences with Saudi Arabia over their border and the sharing of a major oilfield there, although the issue is seldom mentioned publically; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island near the Strait of Hormuz, which Iran has occupied since 30 Nov 1971.

to c.1899, c.1901 - 1968	1820 - Feb 1958  Ensign	c.1899 - c.1901
Adopted Feb 1958

1761                       Al Abu Falah lineage of Banu Yas clan established in
                             Abu Dhabi (Abu Zabi).
 8 Jan 1820                Signs the General Maritime Treaty with U.K.
1835                       Signs renewed General Maritime Treaty with U.K.
 6-8 Mar 1892              Trucial States (or Trucial Oman) created.
 2 Dec 1971                Founding member of the United Arab Emirates.

Rulers (Hakim)
1761 - 1793                Sheikh Dhiyab bin `Isa bin         (d. 1793)
                             Nahayyan
1793 - 1816                Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Al      (b. 17.. - d. 1816)
                             Nahayyan 
1816 - 1818                Sheikh Muhammad bin Shakhbut Al 
                             Nahayyan 
1818 - 18..                Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Al 
                             Nahayyan 
                           - jointly with the following two -
1818 - Apr 1833            Sheikh Tahnun bin Shakhbut Al      (d. 1833)
                             Nahayyan 
Apr 1833 - 1845            Sheikh Khalifa bin Shakhbut Al     (d. 1845)
                             Nahayyan
                           - jointly with the following -
Apr 1833 - Jul 1845        Sheikh Sultan bin Shakhbut Al      (d. 1845)
                             Nahayyan 
Jul 1845 - Sep 1845        Sheikh `Isa bin Khalid (usurper)   (d. 1845)
Sep 1845 - Dec 1845        Sheikh Dhiyab bin `Isa (usurper)   (d. 1845)
Dec 1845 - 1855            Sheikh Said bin Tahnun Al Nahayyan (d. 1856)
1855 - May 1909            Sheikh Zayid I bin Khalifa Al      (b. c.1836 - d. 1909)
                             Nahayyan 
May 1909 - Oct 1912        Sheikh Tahnun II bin Zayid Al      (b. 1857 - d. 1912)
                             Nahayyan 
Oct 1912 - 22 Aug 1922     Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayid Al         (b. 1881 - d. 1922)
                             Nahayyan
22 Aug 1922 -  4 Aug 1926  Sheikh Sultan bin Zayid Al         (b. 1881 - d. 1926)
                             Nahayyan
 4 Aug 1926 -  1 Jan 1928  Sheikh Saqr bin Zayid Al Nahayyan  (b. 1887 - d. 1928)
 1 Jan 1928 -  3 Aug 1966  Sheikh Shakhbut II bin Sultan      (b. 1905 - d. 1989)
                             Al Nahayyan 
 6 Aug 1966 -  2 Nov 2004  Sheikh Zayid II bin Sultan Al      (b. 1918 - d. 2004)
                             Nahayyan 
 2 Nov 2004 - 13 May 2022  Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayid Al        (b. 1948 - d. 2022)
                             Nahayyan
13 May 2022 -              Sheikh Muhammad bin Zayid bin      (b. 1961)
                             Sultan Al Nahayyan
                             (de facto acting ruler Jan 2014 - 13 May 2022)

Prime minister
Jul 1971 -  2 Dec 1971     Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayid Al        (s.a.)
                             Nahayyan

British Political Officers, Abu Dhabi
(subordinated to Political officers Trucial States in Dubai)
Jul 1955 - Aug 1958        Martin Stanley Buckmaster          (b. 1921 - d. 2007)
Aug 1958 - Jul 1959        Edric Rowland Worsnop              (b. 1930 - d. 2016)
Jul 1959 - Feb 1961        Edward Firth Henderson             (b. 1917 - d. 1995)
Feb 1961 - Nov 1961        Richard Oliver Miles (acting)      (b. 1936 - d. 2019)
British Political Agents, Abu Dhabi
Nov 1961 - May 1965        John Edmond Hugh Boustead          (b. 1895 - d. 1980)
                             (from 1 Jan 1965, Sir John Edmond Hugh Boustead)   
1965 - 1968                Albert "Archie" Thomas Lamb        (b. 1921 - d. 2021)
1968 - 1972                Charles James Treadwell            (b. 1920 - d. 2010)

17..                       Ajman and Dependencies (`Ajman wa al-Mulhaqatahu).
 8 Jan 1820                Signs the General Maritime Treaty with U.K.
 2 Dec 1971                Founding member of the United Arab Emirates.

Rulers (Hakim)
17.. - 17..                Sheikh Rashid bin Hamid Al Nuaimi 
17.. - 1816                Sheikh Humayd bin Rashid I Al
                             Nuaimi
1816 - 1838                Sheikh Rashid bin Humayd I Al      (b. 1838)
                             Nuaimi
1838 - 1841                Sheikh Humayd bin Rashid II Al     (d. 1872)
                             Nuaimi (1st time) 
1841 - 1848                Sheikh `Abd al-`Aziz bin Rashid    (d. 1848)
                             Al Nuaimi
1848 - 1873                Sheikh Humayd bin Rashid II Al     (s.a.)
                             Nuaimi (2nd time) 
1873 - Apr 1891            Sheikh Rashid bin Humaid II Al     (d. 1891)
                             Nuaimi  
Apr 1891 -  8 Jul 1900     Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid III Al    (b. 18.. - d. 1900)
                             Nuaimi
 8 Jul 1900 - Feb 1910     Sheikh `Abd al-`Aziz bin Humayd    (b. c.1851 - d. 1910)
                             Al Nuaimi
Feb 1910 - Jan 1928        Sheikh Humayd bin `Abd al-`Aziz    (b. 1876 - d. 1928)
                             Al Nuaimi
Jan 1928 -  6 Sep 1981     Sheikh Rashid bin Humayd III Al    (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
                             Nuaimi
 6 Sep 1981 -              Sheikh Humayd bin Rashid IV Al     (b. 1931)
                             Nuaimi

17..                       Al Abu Falasa lineage of Banu Yas clan established in Dubai
                             (Dubayy).
 8 Jan 1820                Signs the General Maritime Treaty with U.K.
1833                       Independence from Abu Dubai.
 6-8 Mar 1892              Trucial States (or Trucial Oman) created.
 2 Dec 1971                Founding member of the United Arab Emirates.

Rulers (Hakim)
18.. -  9 Jun 1833         Sheikh `Ubayd bin Said             (d. 1833)
 9 Jun 1833 - 1852         Sheikh Maktum I bin Bati bin       (d. 1852)
                             Suhayl
1852 - 1859                Sheikh Said I bin Bati             (d. 1859)
1859 - 22 Nov 1886         Sheikh Hushur bin Maktum           (d. 1886)
22 Nov 1886 -  7 Apr 1894  Sheikh Rashid I bin Maktum         (d. 1894)
 7 Apr 1894 - 16 Feb 1906  Sheikh Maktum II bin Hushur        (b. 18.. - d. 1906)
16 Feb 1906 - Nov 1912     Sheikh Bati bin Suhayl             (b. 1851 - d. 1912)
Nov 1912 - 15 Apr 1929     Sheikh Said II bin Maktum          (b. 1878 - d. 1958)
                             (1st time)
15 Apr 1929 - 18 Apr 1929  Sheikh Mani bin Rashid
18 Apr 1929 - 10 Sep 1958  Sheikh Said II bin Maktum          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
10 Sep 1958 -  7 Oct 1990  Sheikh Rashid II bin Said Al       (b. 1912 - d. 1990)
                             Maktum 
 7 Oct 1990 -  4 Jan 2006  Sheikh Maktum III bin Rashid Al    (b. 1943 - d. 2006)
                             Maktum 
 4 Jan 2006 -              Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid Al      (b. 1949)
                             Maktum

1876                       al-Sharqi lineage begins rule in Fujairah (al-Fujayra).
1902                       Independence from Sharjah declared.
Mar 1952                   Recognized as a state by the Treaty Power (U.K.).
 2 Dec 1971                Founding member of the United Arab Emirates.

Rulers (Hakim)
.... - ....                Sheikh Muhammad bin Matar al-
                             Sharqi
.... - ....                Sheikh Khamis bin Muhammad al-
                             Sharqi
.... - ....                Sheikh Abdullah bin Khamis al-
                             Sharqi
.... - ....                Sheikh Hamad I bin Abdullah al-
                             Sharqi
.... - ....                Sheikh Sayf I bin Hamad al-Sharqi
.... - ....                Sheikh Abdullah bin Sayf al-Sharqi
bf.1903 - 1938             Sheikh Hamad II bin Abdullah       (d. 1938)
                             al-Sharqi    
1938 - 1942                Sheikh Sayf II bin Hamad al-Sharqi (d. 1942)
1942 - 18 Sep 1974         Sheikh Muhammad bin Hamad          (b. 1896 - d. 1974)
                             al-Sharqi
18 Sep 1974 -              Sheikh Hamad bin Muhammad          (b. 1949)
                             al-Sharqi

17..                       Qawasim clan (Huwayla tribe) established in Ras al-Khaimah
                             (Raʾs al-Khayma).
Dec 1819 -  8 Jan 1820     British occupation under William Grant Keir (b. 1771 - d. 1852).
20 Jan 1820                Signs the General Maritime Treaty with U.K.
1869                       Ras al-Khaimah fully independent from Sharjah.
Sep 1900 - 10 Jul 1921     A dependency of Sharjah.
11 Feb 1972                Becomes a member of the United Arab Emirates.

Rulers (Hakim; 1808-1820 Na'ib al-Hakim)
17.. - 17..                Sheikh Rahman al-Qasimi
17.. - 174.                Sheikh Matar bin Rahman al-Qasimi
174. - 1777                Sheikh Rashid bin Matar al-Qasimi
1777 - 1803                Sheikh Saqr bin Rashid al-Qasimi
1803 - 1808                Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr al-Qasimi   (d. 1866)
                             (1st time)
1808 - 1814                Sheikh al-Husayn bin `Ali 
                             al-Qasimi
1814 - 1820                Sheikh al-Hasan bin Rahman 
                             al-Qasimi
1820 - 1866                Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr al-Qasimi   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1866 - May 1867            Sheikh Ibrahim bin Sultan al-Qasimi
May 1867 - 14 Apr 1868     Sheikh Khalid bin Sultan al-Qasimi (d. 1868)
14 Apr 1868 - 1869         Sheikh Salim bin Sultan al-Qasimi  (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1869 - Aug 1900            Sheikh Humayd bin Abdullah         (d. 1900)
                             al-Qasimi
Governors (Wali)(appointed by ruler of Sharjah)
1900                       Sheikh Hamad bin Majid al-Qasimi 
1900 - Mar 1908            Sheikh Khalid bin Saqr al-Qasimi
Mar 1908 - Aug 1919        Sheikh Salim bin Sultan al-Qasimi  (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
Aug 1919 - 10 Jul 1921     Sheikh Sultan bin Salim al-Qasimi  (b. 1891 - d. 1951)
Rulers (Hakim)
10 Jul 1921 - Feb 1948     Sheikh Sultan bin Salim al-Qasimi  (s.a.)
 7 Feb 1948 - 27 Oct 2010  Sheikh Saqr bin Muhammad al-Qasimi (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
1999 - 14 Jun 2003         Sheikh Khalid bin Saqr al-Qasimi   (b. 1940)
                             (de facto ruler)
14 Jun 2003 - 27 Oct 2010  Sheikh Saud bin Saqr al-Qasimi     (b. 1956)
                             (de facto ruler)
27 Oct 2010 -              Sheikh Saud bin Saqr al-Qasimi     (s.a.)

17..                       Qawasim clan (Huwayla tribe) established in Sharjah.
c.1727                     Sharjah (al-Shariqa wa al-Mulhaqatahu) independent.
 8 Jan 1820                Signs the General Maritime Treaty with U.K.
 2 Dec 1971                Founding member of the United Arab Emirates.

Rulers (Hakim)
17.. - 17..                Sheikh Rahman bin Qadhib al-Qasimi
17.. - 1747                Sheikh Matar bin Rahman al-Qasimi
1747 - 1777                Sheikh Rashid bin Matar bin Rahman (d. 1777) 
                             al-Qasimi
1777 - 1803                Sheikh Saqr I bin Rashid al-Qasimi (d. 1803)
1803 - 1808                Sheikh Sultan I bin Saqr al-Qasimi (b. 1780 - d. 1866)
                             (1st time)
1808 - 1814                Sheikh al-Husayn bin Ali al-Qasimi
                             (acting)
1814 - 1820                Sheikh al-Hasan bin Rahman al-
                             Qasimi (acting)
1820 - 1840                Sheikh Sultan I bin Saqr al-Qasimi (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1840                       Sheikh Saqr bin Sultan al-Qasimi
1840 - 1866                Sheikh Sultan I bin Saqr al-Qasimi (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1866 - 14 Apr 1868         Sheikh Khalid I bin Sultan         (b. 1838 - d. 1868)
                             al-Qasimi 
14 Apr 1868 - Mar 1883     Sheikh Salim bin Sultan al-Qasimi  (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
                           - jointly with following -
1869 - 1871                Sheikh Ibrahim bin Sultan al-Qasimi
Mar 1883 - 1914            Sheikh Saqr II bin Khalid          (b. 1864 - d. 1914)
                             al-Qasimi 
13 Apr 1914 - 21 Nov 1924  Sheikh Khalid II bin Ahmad         (b. 1878 - d. 1950)
                             al-Qasimi 
21 Nov 1924 - 1951         Sheikh Sultan II bin Saqr          (d. 1951)
                             al-Qasimi 
1951 - May 1951            Sheikh Muhammad bin Saqr al-Qasimi (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
May 1951 - 24 Jun 1965     Sheikh Saqr III bin Sultan         (b. 1924 - d. 1993)
                             al-Qasimi (1st time) 
24 Jun 1965 - 24 Jan 1972  Sheikh Khalid III bin Muhammad     (b. 1931 - d. 1972)
                             al-Qasimi 
25 Jan 1972 - 25 Jan 1972  Sheikh Saqr III bin Sultan         (s.a.)
                             al-Qasimi (2nd time) 
25 Jan 1972 - 17 Jun 1987  Sheikh Sultan III bin Muhammad     (b. 1939)
                             al-Qasimi (1st time)
                             (acting to ... 1972)
17 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1987  Sheikh `Abd al-`Aziz bin Muhammad
                             al-Qasimi                        (b. 1937)
23 Jun 1987 -              Sheikh Sultan III bin Muhammad     (s.a.)
                             al-Qasimi (2nd time)

British Native Agents in Trucial Oman (resident in Sharjah; subordinate to Bahrain agent)
1829 - 1849                Mulla Husain
1849 - 1850                Muhammad bin Mulla
1850 - 1866                Ahmad bin Mulla Husain
1860 - 1866                Haji Ya'qub                        (d. 1866)
1866                       Haji Muhammad
May 1866 - Jun 1880        Haji Abdur Rahman
Jun 1880 - Aug 1890        Haji Abdul Qasim
Residency Agents in Sharjah (subordinate to Bahrain agent)
Aug 1890 - 1909            `Abd al-Latif
1909 – Sep 1935            Isa bin Abd al-Latif               (d. 1935)
1935 – 1936                Husayn bin Hasan Imad (interim)
1936 – 1945                Sayyid `Abd al-Razzaq Razzuqi
                             al-Mahmud
1945 – 1949                Jassim bin Muhammad Kadmar
1949                       Post abolished

1624 - 1648                Portuguese occupation. 
1871                       De facto independence from Sharjah (Dibba Al-Hisn).
1903/1936                  Confirmed as a part of Sharjah by the Treaty Power (U.K.).
1951                       Re-incorporated into Sharjah.

Rulers (Hakim) 
1871 - 1883                Sheikh Ahmad bin Sultan al-Qasimi 
1883 - Dec 1937            Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmad al-Qasimi  (b. 1876 - d. 1937) 
Dec 1937 - 1951            Sheikh Ahmad bin Rashid al-Qasimi

1875                       De facto independence from Sharjah (Al Hamriyah).
1903                       Confirmed as a part of Sharjah by the Treaty Power (U.K.).
1922                       Re-incorporated into Sharjah.

Rulers (Hakim)
1875 - 1904                Sheikh Sayf bin `Abd al-Rahman     (b. 18.. - d. 1904)
                             al-Shamsi
1904 - Dec 1921            Sheikh `Abd al-Rahman bin Sayf     (d. 1931)
                             al-Shamsi (1st time)
Dec 1921 - 19 Feb 1922     Sheikh Humayd bin `Abd al-Rahman  
                             al-Shamsi (1st time)
20 Feb 1922 - 1922         Sheikh `Abd al-Rahman bin Sayf     (s.a.)
                             al-Shamsi (2nd time)
1922 - 1922                Sheikh Humayd bin `Abd al-Rahman 
                             al-Shamsi (2nd time)
1922                       Sheikh `Abd al-Rahman bin Sayf     (s.a.)
                             al-Shamsi (3rd time)

1915                       De facto independence from Sharjah (Al Heera).
1936                       Confirmed as a part of Sharjah by the Treaty Power (U.K.).
1942                       Re-incorporated into Sharjah.

Rulers (Hakim) 
1915 - 10 Aug 1942         Sheikh `Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad (b. 18.. - d. 1942)
                             al-Shamsi (in exile 1920-1921 and Aden 1926-1929)
10 Aug 1942 - 1942         Sheikh Sayf bin `Abd al-Rahman
                             al-Shamsi

Mar 1624 - c.1650          Portuguese occupation (named Quelba [Ghallah]). 
1871                       De facto independence from Sharjah (Kalba).
1903                       Confirmed as a part of Sharjah by the Treaty Power (U.K.).
 9 Dec 1936                Recognized as a state by the Treaty Power (United Kingdom).
1952                       Re-incorporated into Sharjah.

Rulers (Hakim)
1871 - 1900                Sheikh Majid bin Sultan al-Qasimi
1900 - 1903                Sheikh Hamad bin Majid al-Qasimi
1903 - 30 Apr 1937         Sheikh Said bin Hamad al-Qasimi    (b. 1875 - d. 1937)
30 Apr 1937 - 1951         Sheikh Hamad bin Said al-Qasimi    (b. 1925 - d. 1951)
1951 - 1952                Sheikh Saqr bin Sultan al-Qasimi   (b. 1925 - d. 1993)

1775                       Al Mu`alla lineage of Al `Ali clan established 
                             in Umm al-Quwain (Umm al-Qaywayn).
 8 Jan 1820                Signs the General Maritime Treaty with U.K.
 2 Dec 1971                Founding member of the United Arab Emirates.

Rulers (Hakim)
1775 - 17..                Sheikh Majid Al Mu`alla
17.. - 1816                Sheikh Rashid I bin Majid Al
                             Mu`alla
1816 - 1853                Sheikh Abdullah I bin Rashid Al 
                             Mu`alla
1853 - 1873                Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Mu`alla (d. 1873)
1873 - 13 Jun 1904         Sheikh Ahmad I bin Abdullah Al     (b. 18.. - d. 1904)
                             Mu`alla
13 Jun 1904 - Aug 1922     Sheikh Rashid II bin Ahmad Al      (b. 1875 - d. 1922)
                             Mu`alla
Aug 1922 - Oct 1923        Sheikh `Abd Allah II bin Rashid    (d. 1923) 
                             Al Mu`alla
Oct 1923 -  9 Feb 1929     Sheikh Hamad bin Ibrahim Al        (d. 1929)
                             Mu`alla
 9 Feb 1929 - 21 Feb 1981  Sheikh Ahmad II bin Rashid Al      (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
                             Mu`alla
21 Feb 1981 -  2 Jan 2009  Sheikh Rashid III bin Ahmad Al     (b. 1930 - d. 2009)
                             Mu`alla
 2 Jan 2009 -              Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mu`alla  (b. 1952) 

© Ben Cahoon