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U.S. States F-K

States: Florida (FL) - Georgia (GA) - Hawaii (HI) - Idaho (ID) - Illinois (IL) - Indiana (IN) - Iowa (IA) - Kansas (KS) - Kentucky (KY)

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party (liberal, center-left, former D-R, est.1829); Ind = Independent; Rep = Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AUP = American Union Party (Hawaii republican, pro-U.S. annexation, 1894-1900) D-R = Democratic-Republican Party (pro-states rights, anti-Federalist, 1791-1829, renamed Dem); D-W = Democrat-Whig Party; J-R = Jeffersonian Republican Party (also known as D-R); K-N = Know-Nothing Party (anti-immigrant, anti-Roman Catholic, Unionist, formally called American Party, 1853-1860); N-R = National Republican Party (anti-Jacksonian, 1826-1834); Pop = People's (Populist) Party (agrarian, populist, left-wing, merger of Farmers' Alliance and Greenback Party, 1892-1909, merged into Dem); Proh = Prohibition Party (temperance, social conservative, 1869-1941); RP = Reform Party (pro-U.S. Hawaii business elite, 1884-1900); Uni = Union Party (or Constitutional Union Party, formed chiefly by remnants of the AP and southern Whigs, May 1860-1861); U-D = Union Democratic Party (conservative, pro-Union, opposed civil rights for slaves, 1860-1868); Whg = Whig Party (economic nationalist, protectionist, anti-Jacksonian, 1833-1860)


Florida
 
[Florida Secession Flag (1861)]
11 Jan 1861 - 13 Sep 1861
 
[1st
                                  Official Flag of Florida (1861-1865)]
13 Sep 1861 - 1865
 
[2nd
                                  Official Flag of Florida, 1868-1900
                                  (U.S.)]
6 Aug 1868 - 6 Nov 1900
 
[Flag of State of Florida,
                                  1900-1985 (U.S.)]
6 Nov 1900 - 21 May 1985
 
[Flag of State of Florida (U.S.)]
Adopted 21 May 1985
 



Map of Florida Hear State Song
"The Swanee River
(Old Folks at Home)"
Adopted 25 May 1935
Hear State Anthem
"Florida, Where the
Sawgrass Meets the Sky"
Adopted 1 Jul 2008
State Constitution
(7 Jan 1969)
 Capital: Tallahassee
(Santa Elena 1566-1587;
San Agustín 1587-1763);

(East Florida: St. Augustine 1763-1784; San Agustín
1784-1821;
St. Augustine
1821-4 Mar 1824)

(West Florida: Pensacola
1763-1781;
Presidio San
 Miguel de Panzacola 1781-1821;
Pensacola
1821-4 Mar 1824)
Motto: In God we trust (1868) Nickname: The Sunshine State Population: 21,538,187 (2020)
Florida
(since 1821)
Chronology

 2 Apr 1513                Sighted by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de
                             León (b. 1474 - d. 1521) and claimed for Spain
                             and named La Florida.

30 Apr 1564 - 20 Sep 1565  French colony at Fort Caroline (future 
                             Jacksonville).
 8 Sep 1565                Spanish colony (part of New Spain; from 1763
                             subordinated to Cuba).
29 May 1586                English privateer Sir Francis Drake sacked and
                             burned Saint Augustine.
21 Nov 1698                Presidio Santa María de Galve founded by Spanish
                            
(later Pensacola) in West Florida.
10 Nov 1702 - 30 Dec 1702  English siege fails to take Saint Augustine.
13 Jun 1740 - 20 Jul 1740  British siege
fails to take Saint Augustine.
10 Feb 1763                Traded to Britain (exchanged for Cuba) by Spain;

                             division into two colonies, Province of East
                             Florida
and the Province of West Florida.
 9 May 1781                West Florida retaken by Spain.
23 Sep 1783                Formally returned to Spain (subordinated 
                             to Cuba).
19 Mar 1812 -  4 May 1814  Floridas a diputación provincial of Spain.
19 Mar 1820 - 10 Mar 1821  Floridas a diputación provincial of Spain.
22 Feb 1819                East and West Florida ceded to U.S. by Spain in
                             Adams-Onís Treaty (ratified 22 Feb 1821).

 3 Mar 1821                U.S. territories of East and West Florida.
10 Jul 1821                East Florida formally transferred U.S. at Saint
                             Augustine.
17 Jul 1821                West Florida formally transferred U.S. at
                             Pensacola
.
30 Mar 1822                Territory of Florida (formerly East and West
                             Florida).

 3 Mar 1845                State of Florida
11 Jan 1861                Secession.
 8 Feb 1861                Founding state of Confederate States of
                             America.
21 Feb 1868                Ordinance of Secession is declared null and void.
25 Jun 1868                Re-admitted to United States.

 East Florida
(1763-1821)
 West Florida
(1763-1821)
West Florida
Republic
 
(1810)
 Mayors of
Jacksonville
Mayors of
Key West
Mayors of Miami
Mayors of Miami-Dade
County
Mayors of Orlando
Mayors of Tampa
Everglades
National Park Map
Florida Keys Map
 

French Governors at Fort Caroline
22 Jun 1564 - 10 Sep 1565  René Goulaine de Laudonnière       (b. 1529 - d. 1574)
10 Sep 1565 - 20 Sep 1565  Jean Ribault                       (b. 1520 - d. 1565)
Sep 1565 - 20 Sep 1565
    René Goulaine de Laudonnière       (s.a.)
                             (acting for Ribault)

Spanish Governors
 8 Sep 1565 - 17 Sep 1574  Pedro Menéndez de Avilés           (b. 1519 - d. 1574)

17 Sep 1574 - 24 Feb 1576  Diego Velasco (interim)            (b. 1500 - d. 1576?)
24 Feb 1576 -  5 Sep 1576  Hernando de Miranda                (b. 1500 - d. 1593)

 5 Sep 1576 - 1577         Gutierre de Miranda (acting)
1577 -  9 Jul 1594         Pedro Menéndez de Márquez          (b. 15.. - d. 1600)
                             (acting to 1578)
1592                       Rodrigo del Junco                  (d. 1592)
                             (appointed, drowned before taking office)
 9 Jul 1594 - 24 Nov 1595  Domingo Martínez de Avendaño       (d. 1595)

24 Nov 1595 -  2 Jun 1597  Alonso de las Alas
                           + Bartolom
é de Argüelles
                           + Juan
Menéndez Márquez y Valdés   (b. 1531 – d. 1627)
                           (acting)
 2 Jun 1597 - 20 Oct 1603  Gonzalo Méndez de Cancio (Canço)   (b. c.1554 - d. 1622)
                             y Donlebún

20 Oct 1603 - 1610         Pedro de Ibarra
1610 - 23 Nov 1612         Juan Fernández de Olivera          (b. 1560 - d. 1612)
23 Nov 1612 - 1613         Juan de Arrazola
                           + Jos
é de Olivera
                           (acting)
1613 -  2 Aug 1618         Juan de Treviño y Guillamás        (d. bf.1636)

 2 Aug 1618 - 28 Oct 1624  Juan de Salinas
28 Oct 1624 - 23 Jun 1630  Luís de Rojas y Borja
23 Jun 1630 - Jul 1631     Andrés Rodríguez de Villegas       (b. 1580 - d. 1631)
Jul 1631 - 29 Jul 1633     Nicolás Suárez Ponce de León       (b. c.1590 - d. 1651)
                            
(1st time)
                           + Eugenio de Espinosa
                           (acting)
29 Jul 1633 - 26 Nov 1638  Luis Benedit y Horruytiner 

26 Nov 1638 - 10 Apr 1645  Damián de Vega Castro y Pardo
10 Apr 1645 - 11 Apr 1646  Benito Ruíz de Salazar y           (d. 1651)
                             Vallecilla (1st time)
11 Apr 1646 -  8 Jan 1648  Pedro Benedit-Horruytiner y        (b. 1613 - d. 1684)
                            
Catalán (1st time)
                           + Francisco Menéndez Márquez y     (d. 1649)
                              Posada
                           (acting)
 8 Jan 1648 - 14 May 1651  Benito Ruíz de Salazar y           (s.a.)

                             Vallecilla (2nd time)
14 May 1651 - 19 Oct 1651  Nicolás Suárez Ponce de León       (s.a.)
                            
(2nd time) (acting)
19 Oct 1651 - 18 Jun 1654  Pedro Benedit-Horruytiner y        (s.a.)
                             Catalán (2nd time)
18 Jun 1654 - May 1658     Diego de Rebolledo y Suárez de
                             Aponte

May 1658 - 20 Feb 1659     Santos de las Heras
20 Feb 1659 -  2 Nov 1663  Alonso de Aranguiz y Cort
és        (d. 1663)
 2 Nov 1663 - 30 Dec 1664  Nicolás Suárez Ponce de León de    (b. 1632 - d. 1701)
                             Avila (1st time)(acting)

30 Dec 1664 -  6 Jul 1671  Francisco de la Guerra y de la Vega
 6 Jul 1671 -  8 Jul 1673  Manuel de Cendoya                  (d. 1673)
 8 Jul 1673 -  3 May 1675  Nicolás Suárez Ponce de León de    (s.a.)
                             Avila (2nd time)(acting)

 3 May 1675 - 28 Sep 1680  Pablo de Hita y Salazar            (b. 1646 - d. ....)
28 Sep 1680 - 11 Apr 1687  Juan Márquez Cabrera
11 Apr 1687 - 20 Aug 1687  Pedro de Aranda Avellaneda (acting)(b. 1662 – d. 1702)
20 Aug 1687 - 21 Sep 1693  Diego de Quiroga y Losada
21 Sep 1693 - 1699         Laureano de Torres y Ayala         (b. 1649 - d. 1725)
1699 -  9 Apr 1706         José de Zúñiga y la Cerda          (b. 1654 - d. 1725)
 9 Apr 1706 - 13 Jul 1716  Francisco de Córcoles y Martínez
13 Jul 1716 - 30 Oct 1716  Pedro de Olivera y Fullana         (d. 1716)
30 Oct 1716 -  3 Aug 1718  Juan Francisco Buenaventura de     (b. 1635 - d. 1727)
                             Ayala Escobar (acting)

 3 Aug 1718 - 21 May 1734  Antonio de Benavides Bazán y       (b. 1678 - d. 1762)
                             Molina
21 May 1734 - 12 Mar 1737  Francisco del Moral y Sánchez
                             Villegas 

12 Mar 1737 - 11 Sep 1737  Manuel José de Justís (acting)
11 Sep 1737 -  8 Aug 1749  Manuel de Montiano y Luyando       (b. 1685 - d. 1762)
 8 Aug 1749 -  3 Jun 1752  Melchor de Navarrete y Bujanda     (b. 1693 - d. 1761)
 3 Jun 1752 - 18 Apr 1755  Fulgencio García de Solís (acting)
18 Apr 1755 - 21 Apr 1758  Alonso Fernández de Heredia        (d. 1782)
21 Apr 1758 -  6 Dec 1761  Lucas Fernando de Palacio          (d. 1761)
                             y Valenzuela
 7 Dec 1761 - 20 Mar 1762  Alonso de Cárdenas (acting)
20 Mar 1762 - 20 Jul 1763  Melchor Feliú                      (d. 1766)


East Florida

Governors-in-Chief of the Province of East Florida
20 Jul 1763 - 30 Jul 1763  John Hedges (Hodges)(acting)
30 Jul 1763 - 29 Aug 1764  Francis Ogilvie (acting)
29 Aug 1764 -  9 May 1771  James Grant                        (b. 1720 - d. 1806)
 9 May 1771 -  1 Mar 1774  John Moultrie                      (b. 1729 - d. 1798)
 1 Mar 1774 - 12 Jul 1784  Patrick Tonyn                      (b. 1725 - d. 1804)
12 Jul 1784 - Jul 1790     Vicente Manuel de Céspedes y       (b. 1721? - d. 1794)
                             Velasco
Jul 1790 -  5 Jun 1796     Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada y       (b. 1738 - d. 1798)
                             Barnuevo
30 Apr 1795 -  7 Jul 1795  Bartolomé Félix Morales y Ramírez  (b. 1737 - d. 1796)
                             (acting for
Quesada) 
 5 Jun 1796 - 13 Mar 1811  Enrique White                      (b. 1741 - d. 1811)
13 Mar 1811 - 11 Jun 1812  Juan José de Estrada (1st time)
11 Jun 1812 -  3 Jun 1815  Sebastián Kindelán y Oregón        (b. 1757 - d. 1826)
 3 Jun 1815 -  6 Jan 1816  Juan José de Estrada (2nd time)
 6 Jan 1816 - 10 Jul 1821  José Coppinger (acting to 1817)    (b. 1773 - d. 1844)
10 Jul 1821 - 11 Jul 1821  Robert Butler (U.S. commander)     (b. 1786 - d. 1860)
11 Jul 1821 - 20 Aug 1821  John R. Bell (acting)              (b. 1785 - d. 1825)
20 Aug 1821 - 27 May 1822  William Grafton Delaney
           (b. 1785 – d. 1856)
                             Worthington IV (acting)


State of Muskogee

[State of
                          Muskogee, 1800-1803 (East Florida)]
1800 - 24 May 1803

31 Oct 1799                State of Muskogee is proclaimed by British Loyalists (from 1800,
                             capital at Miccosukee), in rebellion against Spanish rule.
24 May 1803                Disintegrates upon captivity of leadership by Spain.

Director General and Commander-in-Chief of the Muskogee Nation
31 Oct 1799 – 24 May 1803  William Augustus Bowles            (b. c.1763 – d. 1805)


Republic of the Floridas

[Patriots of Amelia
                        Island flag 1812 (Florida, U.S.)]
17 Mar 1812 - 18 Mar 1812
[United States 15 star
                        flag 1795-1818 the Star Spangled Banner]
18 Mar 1812 - 6 May 1813
[Gregor MacGregor Flag,
                        1817 (Green Cross of Florida)(Florida, U.S)]
30 Jun 1817 - 21 Sep 1817

17 Mar 1812                American Patriots occupy Amelia Island and Fernandina in Spanish
                             East Florida.

18 Mar 1812 -  6 May 1813  Amelia Island occupied by U.S. forces.
17 Jul 1812                Constitution of East Florida proclaimed (Republic of Florida).
 6 May 1813                Restored to Spain, U.S. forces withdraw.
29 Jun 1817                Amelia Island and Fernandina occupied by U.S. filibusterers.
30 Jun 1817                Republic of the Floridas is proclaimed at Fernandina on Amelia
                             Island, in rebellion against Spanish rule.
21 Sep 1817                Declared annexed to the insurgent Mexican Republic by pirates under
                             Louis-Michel Aury (by 16 Nov 1817 returns to Republic of the
                             Floridas cause).
23 Dec 1817                Surrendered surrendered to U.S. forces.

Governors (or Directors)
17 Mar 1812 - 1813         John Houstoun McIntosh             (b. 1773 - d. 1836)
1813 -  6 May 1813         Buckner F. Harris                  (b. 1761 - d. 1814)
U.S. Commander

18 Mar 1812 -  6 May 1813  Hugh George Campbell               (b. 1760 - d. 1820)
General-in-chief

30 Jun 1817 –  4 Sep 1817  Gregor McGregor                    (b. 1786 – d. 1845)
Governor
 4 Sep 1817 – 21 Sep 1817  Ruggles Hubbard                    (b. 1780 – d. 1817)
Commander-in-chief of the Supreme Council of the Floridas
21 Sep 1817 – 23 Dec 1817  Louis-Michel Aury                  (b. c.1788 – d. 1821)



West Florida

Governors-in-Chief of the Province of West Florida
 6 Aug 1763 - 20 Oct 1763  Augustine Prévost (acting)         (b. 1723 - d. 1786)
20 Oct 1763 - Oct 1764     Robert Farmar (acting)             (b. 1717 - d. 1778)
Oct 1764 - Jan 1767        George Johnstone                   (b. 1730 - d. 1787)
Nov 1763 - Feb 1764        Robert Farmar                      (s.a.)
                             (acting for Johnstone)      
Jan 1767 - c.Nov 1769      Montfort Browne (acting)           (b. c.1730 - d. 1780)
 2 Apr 1769 -  2 May 1769  John Eliot (did not take office)   (b. 1742 - d. 1769)
c.Nov 1769 - 10 Aug 1770   Elias Durnford (acting)            (b. 1739 - d. 1794)
10 Aug 1770 -  9 May 1781  Peter Chester                      (b. 1717 - d. 1799)
 9 May 1781 - Nov 1792     Arturo O'Neill de Tyrone O'Kelly   (b. 1736 - d. 1814)
Nov 1792 - Aug 1793        Carlos Howard (interim)            (b. 1738 - d. ....)
Aug 1793 - Nov 1795        Enrique White                      (b. 1741 - d. 1811)
May 1796 - Sep 1796        Francisco
José de Paula Gelabert   (b. 1758 - d. af.1832)
Nov 1796 - Mar 1809        Vicente Folch y Juan (1st time)    (b. 1754 - d. 1829)
Mar 1809 - May 1809        Francisco Maximiliano de San       (b. 1761 - d. 1825)
                             Maxent (1st time)(interim)
May 1809 - Oct 1809        Vicente Folch y Juan (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Dec 1809 - Oct 1810        Francisco Maximiliano de San       (s.a.)
                             Maxent (2nd time)(interim)
Oct 1810 - Feb 1811        Francisco Collell (interim)
Apr 1811 - Jun 1812        Francisco Maximiliano de San       (s.a.)
                             Maxent (3rd time)
Jul 1812 - Apr 1813 
      Mauricio de Zúñiga (1st time)      (b. 17.. - d. 1816)
May 1813 - Feb 1815        Mateo González Manrique
Feb 1815 - Mar 1816
        José de Soto
Mar 1816 - 15 Sep 1816     Mauricio de Zúñiga (2nd time)      (s.a.)
Sep 1816 - Nov 1816
       Francisco Maximiliano de San       (s.a.)
                             Maxent (4th time)
27 Nov 1816 - 28 May 1818
  José Masot (Fascot)
26 May 1818 -  4 Feb 1819  William King                       (d. 1826)
                             (U.S. military governor)
Feb 1819 - 17 Jul 1821     José María Callava


West Florida Republic
 
[Flag of State of West
                      Florida 1810] 26 Sep 1810 - 10 Dec 1810

Map of Republic of
West Florida
Capital: St. Francisville
Constitution
(27 Oct 1810)

22 Sep 1810                Convention of representatives of several districts of West
                             Florida assumes the authority of the governor of West Florida.
26 Sep 1810                Districts of West Florida are declared a free and independent State,
                             declaration of independence is passed by the Convention.
26 Sep 1810                State of Florida (also Commonwealth of Florida)(used interchangeably
                             in official documents; the form of oath of allegiance approved by
                             the Convention 10 Oct 1810 refers to Commonwealth of West Florida).

27 Oct 1810                The territory including the area occupied by the West Florida
                             Republic is proclaimed to be part of the Territory of Orleans
                             by the U.S.
10 Dec 1810                Incorporated into
Louisiana (as the parishes of East Baton Rouge,
                             East Feliciana, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, and West Feliciana
                             referred to as the Baton Rouge District).

President of the Convention
25 Jul 1810 - 21 Nov 1810  John Rhea                         (b. 1753 - d. 1832)
                            
(convention adjourned 28 Oct 1810, never met again)
Chairman of the Committee of the Convention
(Committee of the Convention vested with full powers by that body)
10 Oct 1810 - 21 Nov 1810  John Hunter Johnson               (b. 1778 - d. 1819)
Governor, Commander-in-Chief of the Military Forces of the State of Florida
21 Nov 1810 - 29 Nov 1810  Vacant
                           - John Rea (president of senate)  (s.a.)

                           - John Hunter Johnson             (s.a.)
                             (speaker of the house of representatives)
                          
(acting)
29 Nov 1810 - 10 Dec 1810  Fulwar Skipwith                   (b. 1765 - d. 1839)


Florida

Governor and Commissioner
10 Mar 1821 - 31 Dec 1821  Andrew Jackson                     (b. 1767 - d. 1845)  Mil
Governors
31 Dec 1821 - 20 Jun 1822  George Walton, Jr.                 (b. 1786 - d. 1863)  
                             (acting, in West Florida)
31 Dec 1821 - 27 May 1822  William Grafton Delaney            (b. 1785 – d. 1856)  Whg
                             Worthington IV
                     
                             (acting [
from 17 Apr 1822 for Duval] in East Florida)
20 Jun 1822 - 17 Apr 1834  William Pope Duval                 (b. 1784 - d. 1854)  Dem
                             (appointed 17 Apr 1822)
17 Apr 1834 - 11 Dec 1834  George K. Walker                  
(b. 1809 - d. 1866)  Dem
                             (
acting [
from 24 Apr 1834 for Eaton])
11 Dec 1834
 -  4 Apr 1836  John Henry Eaton                   (b. 1790 - d. 1856)  Dem
                             (appointed 24 Apr 1834)
 4 Apr 1836 - 28 Dec 1839  Richard Keith Call (1st time)      (b. 1792 - d. 1862)  Whg
28 Dec 1839 -  5 Apr 1841  Robert Raymond Reid                (b. 1789 - d. 1841)  Dem
 5 Apr 1841 - 11 Aug 1844  Richard Keith Call (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Whg
12 Aug 1844 - 25 Jun 1845  John Branch                        (b. 1782 - d. 1863)  Rep
25 Jun 1845 -  1 Oct 1849  William Dunn Moseley               (b. 1795 - d. 1863)  Dem
 1 Oct 1849 -  3 Oct 1853  Thomas Brown                       (b. 1785 - d. 1867)  Whg
 3 Oct 1853 -  5 Oct 1857  James Emilius Broome               (b. 1808 - d. 1883)  Dem
 5 Oct 1857 -  7 Oct 1861  Madison Starke Perry               (b. 1814 - d. 1865)  Dem
 7 Oct 1861 -  1 Apr 1865  John Milton                        (b. 1807 - d. 1865)  Dem
 1 Apr 1865 - 19 May 1865  Abraham Kurkindolle Allison        (b. 1810 - d. 1893)  Dem
                             (acting)
19 May 1865 - 27 Jun 1865  
Edward Moody McCook                (b. 1833 - d. 1909)  Mil
                             (military governor)
27 Jun 1865 - 13 Jul 1865  John Newton (acting)               (b. 1822 - d. 1895)  Mil
                             (military governor)
13 Jul 1865 - 20 Dec 1865  William Marvin (provisional)       (b. 1808 - d. 1902)  Non-party

20 Dec 1865 -  4 Jul 1868  David Shelby Walker                (b. 1806 - d. 1891)  Dem

 4 Jul 1868 -  7 Jan 1873  Harrison Reed                      (b. 1813 - d. 1899)  Rep
 7 Jan 1873 - 18 Mar 1874  Ossian Bingley Hart                (b. 1821 - d. 1874)  Rep
18 Mar 1874 -  2 Jan 1877  Marcellus Lovejoy Stearns (acting) (b. 1839 - d. 1891)  Rep
 2 Jan 1877 -  4 Jan 1881  George Franklin Drew               (b. 1827 - d. 1900)  Dem
 4 Jan 1881 -  7 Jan 1885  William Dunningston Bloxham        (b. 1835 - d. 1911)  Dem
                             (1st time)
 7 Jan 1885 -  8 Jan 1889  Edward Aylesworth Perry            (b. 1831 - d. 1889)  Dem
 8 Jan 1889 -  3 Jan 1893  Francis Philip Fleming             (b. 1841 - d. 1908)  Dem
 3 Jan 1893 -  5 Jan 1897  Henry Laurents Mitchell            (b. 1831 - d. 1903)  Dem
 5 Jan 1897 -  8 Jan 1901  William Dunningston Bloxham        (s.a.)               Dem
                             (2nd time)
 8 Jan 1901 -  3 Jan 1905  William Sherman Jennings           (b. 1863 - d. 1920)  Dem
 3 Jan 1905 -  5 Jan 1909  Napoleon Bonaparte Broward         (b. 1857 - d. 1910)  Dem
 5 Jan 1909 -  7 Jan 1913  Albert Waller Gilchrist            (b. 1858 - d. 1926)  Dem
 7 Jan 1913 -  2 Jan 1917  Park Trammell                      (b. 1876 - d. 1936)  Dem
 2 Jan 1917 -  4 Jan 1921  Sidney Johnston Catts              (b. 1863 - d. 1936)  Proh
 4 Jan 1921 -  6 Jan 1925  Cary Augustus Hardee               (b. 1876 - d. 1957)  Dem
 6 Jan 1925 -  8 Jan 1929  John Wellborn Martin               (b. 1884 - d. 1958)  Dem
 8 Jan 1929 -  3 Jan 1933  Doyle Elam Carlton                 (b. 1887 - d. 1972)  Dem
 3 Jan 1933 -  5 Jan 1937  David Sholtz                       (b. 1891 - d. 1953)  Dem
 5 Jan 1937 -  7 Jan 1941  Frederick Preston Cone             (b. 1871 - d. 1948)  Dem
 7 Jan 1941 -  2 Jan 1945  Spessard Lindsay Holland           (b. 1892 - d. 1971)  Dem
 2 Jan 1945 -  4 Jan 1949  Millard Fillmore Caldwell, Jr.     (b. 1897 - d. 1984)  Dem
 4 Jan 1949 -  6 Jan 1953  Fuller Warren                      (b. 1905 - d. 1973)  Dem
 6 Jan 1953 - 28 Sep 1953  Daniel Thomas McCarthy             (b. 1912 - d. 1953)  Dem
28 Sep 1953 -  4 Jan 1955  Charley Eugene Johns (acting)      (b. 1905 - d. 1990)  Dem
 4 Jan 1955 -  3 Jan 1961  LeRoy Collins                      (b. 1909 - d. 1991)  Dem
 3 Jan 1961 -  5 Jan 1965  Cecil Farris Bryant                (b. 1914 - d. 2002)  Dem
 5 Jan 1965 -  3 Jan 1967  William Haydon Burns               (b. 1912 - d. 1987)  Dem
 3 Jan 1967 -  5 Jan 1971  Claude Roy Kirk, Jr.               (b. 1926 - d. 2011)  Rep
 5 Jan 1971 -  2 Jan 1979  Reubin O'Donovan Askew             (b. 1928 - d. 2014)  Dem
 2 Jan 1979 -  3 Jan 1987  Daniel Robert Graham               (b. 1936 - d. 2024)  Dem
 3 Jan 1987 -  6 Jan 1987  John Wayne Mixson                  (b. 1922 - d. 2020)  Dem
 6 Jan 1987 -  8 Jan 1991  Robert Martinez                    (b. 1934)            Rep
 8 Jan 1991 - 12 Dec 1998  Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr.          (b. 1930 - d. 1998)  Dem
13 Dec 1998 -  5 Jan 1999  Kenneth "Buddy" Hood  MacKay       (b. 1933 - d. 2024)  Dem
 5 Jan 1999 -  2 Jan 2007  John Ellis "Jeb" Bush              (b. 1953)            Rep
 2 Jan 2007 -  4 Jan 2011  Charles "Charlie" J. Crist         (b. 1956)           Rep;2010 Ind
 4 Jan 2011 -  8 Jan 2019 
Richard "Rick" L. Scott            (b. 1952)            Rep
 8 Jan 2019 -              Ronald "Ron" D. DeSantis           (b. 1978)            Rep        


U.S. Military Governors of the Department of Florida (15 Mar 1862 merged into Dept of South)
13 Apr 1861 - 22 Feb 1862  Harvey Brown                       (b. 1795 - d. 1874)  Mil
22 Feb 1862 - 15 Mar 1862  Lewis Golding Arnold               (b. 1817 - d. 1871)  Mil
U.S. Military governors
of District of East Florida

15 Oct 1864 - 17 May 1865  John Newton                        (s.a.)               Mil
17 May 1865 - 27 Jun 1865  Edward Moody McCook                (s.a.)               Mil

U.S. Military governors District of West Florida of
Nov 1863 - 27 Sep 1864
    Alexander "Sandor" Asboth          (b. 1811 - d. 1868)  Mil
                             (1st time)

27 Sep 1864 - 25 Nov 1864  Joseph Bailey                      (b. 1825 - d. 1867)  Mil
25 Nov 1864 - 15 Feb 1865  Thomas Jefferson McKean            (b. 1810 - d. 1870)  Mil
15 Feb 1865 -  3 Jun 1865  Alexander "Sandor" Asboth          (s.a.)               Mil
                             (
2nd time)
U.S. Military governors of Florida during Reconstruction

27 Jun 1865 -  1 Aug 1865  John Newton (acting)               (s.a.)               Mil
 1 Aug 1865 -  5 Dec 1866  John Gray Foster                   (b. 1823 - d. 1874)  Mil
15 Mar 1867 -  4 Jul 1868  John Titcomb Sprague               (b. 1810 - d. 1878)  Mil


Franklin: see Tennessee


Georgia
 
[Georgia
                                  secession flag 1861]
19 Jan 1861 - 8 Feb 1861 (unofficial)
 
[Georgia Unofficial flag
                                  before 1879 (U.S.)]
to 17 Oct 1879 Unofficial
 
[Flag of
                                  State of Georgia 1879-1902 (U.S.)]
17 Oct 1879 - 17 Dec 1902
 
[Flag of
                                  State of Georgia 1902-1905 (U.S.)]
17 Dec 1902 - 1 Oct 1905
 
[Flag of
                                  State of Georgia 1905-1916 (U.S.)]
1 Oct 1905 - 21 Aug 1916
[Flag of State of
                              Georgia 1916-1956 (U.S.)]
21 Aug 1916 - 1 Jul 1956
[Flag of State of Georgia, 1956-2001
                              (U.S.)]
1 Jul 1956 - 31 Jan 2001
 
[Flag of State of
                              Georgia 2001-2003 (U.S.)]
31 Jan 2001 - 8 May 2003
 
[Flag of State of
                              Georgia (U.S.)] Adopted 8 May 2003
 



Map of Georgia
Hear State Song
"Georgia on My Mind"
Text of State Song
Adopted 24 Apr 1979
State Constitution
(1 Jul 1983)
 Capital: Atlanta
(Savannah 1733-1778;
Augusta 1778-1782,
Ebenezer 1782;
22 Feb 1785-Mar 1796;

Augusta and Savannah alternate 1782-22 Feb 1785;
Louisville Mar 1796-1807;

Milledgeville 1807 - 4 Jul 1868; Confederate: Macon
15 Feb - 11 Mar 1865)
Motto: Wisdom, justice,
 and
moderation
Nicknames: The Peach State;
Empire of the South
Population: 10,711,908 (2020)
Mayors of Atlanta
Chronology

1587 - 1680                Spanish Franciscan mission Santa Catalina de
                             Guale
on Saint Catherines Island, part of a
                             string of Catholic missions along the coast of
                             modern Georgia.
20 Jun 1732                Southern territories of the Province of Carolina
                             are constituted as a separate province, by the
                             name of Georgia, to be governed by the Trustees
                             for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in
                             America in accordance with a charter granted by
                             the King of the U.K.

12 Feb 1733                Georgia colony is established on the arrival
                             of first settlers (Province/Colony of Georgia).
25 Jun 1752                Royal colony, government of Georgia is devolved on
                             the King of U.K. in accordance with a
                             proclamation issued by the Lords Justices on 25
                             Jun 1752 at Whitehall following the surrender of
                             the Charter of Georgia by the Trustees
.
10 Nov 1763                Lands between Savannah and Ogeechee river and a
                             strip of coastal land about thirty miles deep
                             between the Altamaha and the St. Marys rivers
                             ceded to Georgia by Treaty of Augusta.
12 Jun 1776                References to the King of the U.K. in judicial
                             documents are replaced with the references to
                             the Province of Georgia.
 4 Jul 1776                British colonies represented in the Continental
                             Congress are proclaimed "free and independent
                             states" in accordance with a declaration approved
                             by the Congress, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
10 Aug 1776                Declaration of Independence approved by the
                             Continental Congress is proclaimed at a public
                             ceremony in Savannah.
 
5 Feb 1777                State of Georgia
26 Feb 1778                The delegates of Georgia in the Continental
                             Congress are authorized to sign the Articles of
                             Confederation.
29 Dec 1778 - 11 Jul 1782  British occupy Savannah.

 
1 Mar 1781                Part of the United States as a confederation,
                             retaining sovereignty.
 4 Mar 1789                Part of the United States as a federal republic.

19 Jan 1861                Secession

 8 Feb 1861                Founding state of Confederate States of
                             America.
24 Nov 1861 - 1865         Union occupation of Tybee Island (and from 11
                             Apr 1862, Fort Pulaski).
26 Oct 1865                The ordinance of secession of 1861 is repealed.
21 Jul 1868                Re-admitted to United States. Georgia is re-
                             admitted to representation in the Congress of
                             the United States.
22 Dec 1869                U.S. Congress again bars Georgia representatives
                             from taking their seats.
15 Jul 1870                Re-admitted to United States. Georgia is re-
                             admitted to representation in the Congress of
                             the United States.

Mayors of Savannah
 
 
 
 
 

Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America
20 Jun 1732 - 25 Jun 1752  the Trustees resident in London

Resident Trustee
12 Feb 1733 - 28 Sep 1743  James Edward Oglethorpe            (b. 1696 - d. 1785)
Presidents of the Province
31 Oct 1743-Sep/Oct? 1751  William Stephens                   (b. 1671 - d. 1753)
                             (appointed by Trustees 21 Jun 1743)

20 Nov 1750 - Jun/Jul 1752 Henry Parker                       (b. c.1690 - d. 1752)
                             (vice president to Sep/Oct? 1751)

bf.6 Dec 1752-30 Oct 1754  Patrick Graham                     (d. 1755)
Captains General and Governors-in-Chief in and over His Majesty's Province (Colony) of Georgia
30 Oct 1754 - 26 Feb 1759  John Reynolds                      (b. c.1713 - d. 1788)
16 Feb 1757 - 28 Jan 1762  Henry Ellis                        (b. 1721 - d. 1806)
                             (acting for absent Reynolds to 26 Feb 1759)
31 Oct 1760 -
12 Feb 1776  James Wright (1st time)            (b. 1716 - d. 1785)
                             (from 1772, Sir James Wright, Baronet)
                             (acting for absent Ellis to
28 Jan 1762;
                             Patriot prisoner 18 Jan - 11/12 Feb 1776;
                             in exile to 15? Mar 1779)

13 Jul 1771 - 13 Feb 1773  James Habersham                    (b. 1712 - d. 1775)
                             (acting for absent Wright)
12 Feb 1776 - 15? Mar 1779 Vacant

15? Mar 1779 - 20 Jul 1779 James Mark Prevost (acting)        (b. 1736 - d. 1781)
                             (= Jaques Marc Prévost)
                             (appointed by U.K. military commanders 4 Mar 1779)
                             (lieutenant governor)
20 Jul 1779 - 11 Jul 1782  James Wright (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                             (arrived 14 Jul 1779)
Presidents of the Council of Safety

22 Jun 1775 - 11 Dec 1775  William Ewen (1st time)            (b. c.1720-d.1776/77)Whg
11 Dec 1775 - 20 Feb 1776  George Walton                      (b. 1750 - d. 1804)  Whg
20 Feb 1776 -  1 May 1776  William Ewen (2nd time)            (s.a.)               Whg
Presidents and Commanders-in-Chief of the Province of Georgia
 1 May 1776-af.22 Feb 1777 Archibald Bulloch                  (b. 1730 - d. 1777)  Whg
af.22 Feb 1777- 7 May 1777 Button Gwinnett                    (b. 1735 - d. 1777)  Whg
                             (president of Council of Safety to 4 Mar 1777)
Captains General, Governors and Commanders-in-Chief in and over the State of Georgia

7? May 1777 - 14? Jan 1778 John Adam Treutlen                 (b. 1726 - d. 1782)  Whg
10 Jan 1778 - 29 Dec 1778  John Houstoun (1st time)           (b. 1744 - d. 1796)  Whg
Chairmen (Presidents) of the Committee
 
8 Jan 1779 - 21 Jan 1779  presiding officer not recorded
21 Jan 1779 - 24 Jul 1779  William Glascock                   (b. 1730 - d. 1793)

Presidents of Supreme Executive Council
24 Jul 1779 -  6 Aug 1779  Seth John Cuthbert (acting)        (b. 1741 - d. 1788)

                             (president pro tempore)
 6 Aug 1779 -  4 Jan 1780  John Wereate                       (b. 1730 - d. 1799)  Whg
Captains General, Governors and Commanders-in-Chief in and over the State of Georgia
 
4 Nov 1779 -  7 Jan 1780  George Walton (1st time)           (s.a.)               Whg/Fed
                             (in opposition to 4 Jan 1780)
 7 Jan 1780 - 23 May 1780  Richard Howley                     (b. 1740 - d. 1784)  Whg

23 May 1780 - 1781         Stephen Heard                      (b. 1740 - d. 1815)  Whg
Aug 1780 - 18 Aug 1781     Myrick Davies (acting for Heard)   (b. c.1733 - d. 1781)Whg
18 Aug 1781 -  3 Jan 1782  Nathan Brownson                    (b. 1741 - d. 1796)  Whg
 3 Jan 1782 -  8 Jan 1783  John Martin                        (b. 1730 - d. 1786)  Non-party
 8 Jan 1783 -  9 Jan 1784  Lyman Hall                         (b. 1724 - d. 1790)  Non-party
 9 Jan 1784 -  7 Jan 1785  John Houstoun (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Non-party
 7 Jan 1785 - 10 Jan 1786  Samuel Elbert                      (b. 1740 - d. 1788)  Non-party
10 Jan 1786 -  8 Jan 1787  Edward Telfair (1st time)          (b. 1735 - d. 1807)  Non-party
 8 Jan 1787 - 16 Jan 1788  George Mathews (1st time)          (b. 1739 - d. 1812)  Non-party
16 Jan 1788 -  7 Jan 1789  George Handley                     (b. 1752 - d. 1793)  Non-party
                             (acting to 26 Jan 1788)
 7 Jan 1789 - 11 Nov 1789  George Walton (2nd time)           (s.a.)               J-R
Governors and Commanders-in-Chief in and over the State of Georgia
11 Nov 1789 -  7 Nov 1793  Edward Telfair (2nd time)          (s.a.)               J-R

 7 Nov 1793 - 15 Jan 1796  George Mathews (2nd time)          (s.a.)               J-R
15 Jan 1796 - 12 Jan 1798  Jared Irwin (1st time)             (b. 1751 - d. 1818)  D-R
12 Jan 1798 - 30 May 1798  James Jackson                      (b. 1757 - d. 1806)  D-R
Governors and Commanders-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the State of Georgia
and of the Militia thereof

30 May 1798 -  3 Mar 1801  James Jackson                      (s.a.)               D-R
 3 Mar 1801 -  7 Nov 1801  David Emanuel (acting)             (b. 1744 - d. 1810)  D-R

 7 Nov 1801 -  4 Nov 1802  Josiah Tattnall, Jr.               (b. 1765 - d. 1803)  D-R
 4 Nov 1802 - 23 Sep 1806  John Milledge                      (b. 1757 - d. 1818)  D-R
23 Sep 1806 - 10 Nov 1809  Jared Irwin (2nd time)             (s.a.)               D-R
                             (acting to 7 Nov 1806)
10 Nov 1809 -  5 Nov 1813  David Brydie Mitchell (1st time)   (b. 1766 - d. 1837)  D-R
 5 Nov 1813 - 10 Nov 1815  Peter Early                        (b. 1773 - d. 1817)  D-R
10 Nov 1815 -  4 Mar 1817  David Brydie Mitchell (2nd time)   (s.a.)               D-R
 4 Mar 1817 - 24 Oct 1819  William Rabun                      (b. 1771 - d. 1819)  D-R
                             (acting to 7 Nov 1817)
24 Oct 1819 -  5 Nov 1819  Matthew Talbot (acting)            (b. 1767 - d. 1827)  D-R

 5 Nov 1819 -  7 Nov 1823  John Clark                         (b. 1766 - d. 1832)  D-R
 7 Nov 1823 -  7 Nov 1827  George Michael Troup               (b. 1780 - d. 1856)  D-R
 7 Nov 1827 -  4 Nov 1829  John Forsyth                       (b. 1780 - d. 1841)  D-R
 4 Nov 1829 -  9 Nov 1831  George Rockingham Gilmer (1st time)(b. 1790 - d. 1859)  D-W
 9 Nov 1831 -  4 Nov 1835  Wilson Lumpkin                     (b. 1783 - d. 1870)  U-D
 4 Nov 1835 -  8 Nov 1837  William Schley                     (b. 1786 - d. 1858)  U-D
 8 Nov 1837 -  6 Nov 1839  George Rockingham Gilmer (2nd time)(b. 1790 - d. 1859)  D-W
 6 Nov 1839 -  8 Nov 1843  Charles James McDonald             (b. 1793 - d. 1860)  Dem
 8 Nov 1843 -  3 Nov 1847  George Walker Crawford             (b. 1798 - d. 1872)  Whg
 3 Nov 1847 -  5 Nov 1851  George Washington Towns            (b. 1802 - d. 1854)  Dem
 5 Nov 1851 -  9 Nov 1853  Howell Cobb                        (b. 1815 - d. 1868)  U-D
 9 Nov 1853 -  6 Nov 1857  Herschel Vespasian Johnson         (b. 1812 - d. 1880)  U-D
 6 Nov 1857 -  9 May 1865  Joseph Emerson Brown               (b. 1821 - d. 1894)  Dem
                             (captured at Milledgeville 9 May 1865, resigned 29 Jun 1865)
17 Jun 1865 - 14 Dec 1865  James Johnson (provisional)        (b. 1811 - d. 1891)  U-D

27 Jun 1865 - 10 Dec 1865  James B. Steedman                  (b. 1817 - d. 1883)  Mil
                             (U.S. military governor)
14 Dec 1865 - 13 Jan 1868  Charles Jones Jenkins              (b. 1805 - d. 1883)  Dem

30 Mar 1867 -  1 Jan 1868  John Pope                          (b. 1822 - d. 1892)  Mil
                             (military governor)
 1 Jan 1868 - 30 Jul 1868  George G. Meade                    (b. 1815 - d. 1872)  Mil
                             (military governor)
13 Jan 1868 -  4 Jul 1868  Thomas H. Ruger (acting)           (b. 1833 - d. 1907)  Mil

                             (military governor)
 4 Jul 1868 - 30 Oct 1871  Rufus Brown Bullock                (b. 1834 - d. 1907)  Rep

22 Dec 1869 - 15 Jul 1870  Alfred H. Terry                    (b. 1827 - d. 1890)  Mil
                             (military governor)

30 Oct 1871 - 12 Jan 1872  Benjamin Conley (acting)           (b. 1815 - d. 1886)  Rep

12 Jan 1872 - 12 Jan 1877  James Milton Smith                 (b. 1823 - d. 1890)  Dem
12 Jan 1877 -  4 Nov 1882  Alfred Holt Colquitt               (b. 1824 - d. 1894)  Dem
 4 Nov 1882 -  4 Mar 1883  Alexander Hamilton Stephens        (b. 1812 - d. 1883)  D-W
 5 Mar 1883 - 10 May 1883  James Stoddard Boynton (acting)    (b. 1833 - d. 1902)  Dem
10 May 1883 -  9 Nov 1886  Henry Dickerson McDaniel           (b. 1836 - d. 1926)  Dem
 9 Nov 1886 -  8 Nov 1890  John Brown Gordon                  (b. 1832 - d. 1904)  Dem
 8 Nov 1890 - 27 Oct 1894  William Jonathan Northen           (b. 1835 - d. 1913)  Dem
27 Oct 1894 - 29 Oct 1898  William Yates Atkinson             (b. 1854 - d. 1899)  Dem
29 Oct 1898 - 25 Oct 1902  Allen Daniel Candler               (b. 1834 - d. 1910)  Dem
25 Oct 1902 - 29 Jun 1907  Joseph Meriwether Terrell          (b. 1861 - d. 1912)  Dem
29 Jun 1907 - 26 Jun 1909  Hoke Smith (1st time)              (b. 1855 - d. 1931)  Dem
26 Jun 1909 -  1 Jul 1911  Joseph Mackey Brown (1st time)     (b. 1851 - d. 1932)  Dem
 1 Jul 1911 - 16 Nov 1911  Hoke Smith (2nd time)              (s.a.)               Dem
16 Nov 1911 - 25 Jan 1912  John Marshall Slaton (1st time)    (b. 1866 - d. 1955)  Dem
25 Jan 1912 - 28 Jun 1913  Joseph Mackey Brown (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Dem
28 Jun 1913 - 26 Jun 1915  John Marshall Slaton (2nd time)    (s.a.)               Dem
26 Jun 1915 - 30 Jun 1917  Nathaniel Edwin Harris             (b. 1846 - d. 1929)  Dem
30 Jun 1917 - 25 Jun 1921  Hugh Manson Dorsey                 (b. 1871 - d. 1948)  Dem
25 Jun 1921 - 30 Jun 1923  Thomas William Hardwick            (b. 1872 - d. 1949)  Dem
30 Jun 1923 - 25 Jun 1927  Clifford M. Walker                 (b. 1877 - d. 1954)  Dem
25 Jun 1927 - 27 Jun 1931  Lamartine Griffin Hardman          (b. 1856 - d. 1937)  Dem
27 Jun 1931 - 10 Jan 1933  Richard Brevard Russell, Jr.       (b. 1897 - d. 1971)  Dem
10 Jan 1933 - 12 Jan 1937  Eugene Talmadge (1st time)         (b. 1884 - d. 1946)  Dem
12 Jan 1937 - 14 Jan 1941  Eurith Dickinson Rivers            (b. 1895 - d. 1967)  Dem
14 Jan 1941 - 12 Jan 1943  Eugene Talmadge (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Dem
12 Jan 1943 - 14 Jan 1947  Ellis Gibbs Arnall                 (b. 1907 - d. 1992)  Dem
14 Jan 1947 - 18 Mar 1947  Herman Eugene Talmadge (1st time)  (b. 1913 - d. 2002)  Dem
18 Mar 1947 - 17 Nov 1948  Melvin E. Thompson (acting)        (b. 1903 - d. 1980)  Dem
17 Nov 1948 - 11 Jan 1955  Herman Eugene Talmadge (2nd time)  (s.a.)               Dem
11 Jan 1955 - 13 Jan 1959  S. Marvin Griffin                  (b. 1907 - d. 1982)  Dem
13 Jan 1959 - 15 Jan 1963  Samuel Ernest Vandiver, Jr.        (b. 1918 - d. 2005)  Dem
15 Jan 1963 - 11 Jan 1967  Carl Edward Sanders                (b. 1925 - d. 2014)  Dem
11 Jan 1967 - 12 Jan 1971  Lester Garfield Maddox             (b. 1915 - d. 2003)  Dem
12 Jan 1971 - 14 Jan 1975  James "Jimmy" E. Carter            (b. 1924 - d. 2024)  Dem
14 Jan 1975 - 11 Jan 1983  George D. Busbee                   (b. 1927 - d. 2004)  Dem
11 Jan 1983 - 13 Jan 1991  Joe Frank Harris                   (b. 1936)            Dem
13 Jan 1991 - 11 Jan 1999  Zell Bryan Miller                  (b. 1932 - d. 2018)  Dem
11 Jan 1999 - 13 Jan 2003  Roy Eugene Barnes                  (b. 1948)            Dem
13 Jan 2003 - 10 Jan 2011  George E. "Sonny" Perdue III       (b. 1946)            Rep
10 Jan 2011 - 14 Jan 2019  John Nathan Deal                   (b. 1942)            Rep
14 Jan 2019 -              Brian Porter Kemp                  (b. 1963)            Rep


U.S. Military governors during Reconstruction Military Department of Georgia

27 Jun 1865 - 10 Dec 1865  James B. Steedman                  (s.a.)               Mil
10 Dec 1865 - 19 Dec 1865  James H. Wilson                    (b. 1834 - d. 1921)  Mil
19 Dec 1865 - 19 May 1866  John Milton Brannan                (b. 1819 - d. 1892)  Mil
U.S. Military governor of the Military Department of the South
19 May 1866 -  6 Aug 1866  ....
U.S. Military governors of the Military Department of Tennessee
 6 Aug 1866 - 30 Mar 1867  ....
Commanders of the Third Military District (Georgia, Alabama and Florida)
30 Mar 1867 -  1 Jan 1868  John Pope                          (s.a.)               Mil

 1 Jan 1868 - 13 Mar 1869  George G. Meade                    (s.a.)               Mil

13 Mar 1869 - 31 May 1869  Thomas H. Ruger                    (s.a.)               Mil
31 May 1869 - 15 Jul 1870  Alfred H. Terry                    (s.a.)               Mil



Hawaii
 
[Hawaii
                                  flag 1793-1816 (British Red Ensign of
                                  1707-1800)]
25 Feb 1794 - 1816 used by Hawaii
[Hawaii
                                  kingdom flag 1816-1843]
1816 - 25 Feb 1843
[Flag of the
                                  United Kingdom]
25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul 1843
[Hawaii
                                  kingdom flag 1843-1845]
31 Jul 1843 - 20 May 1845
 
[Hawaii
                                  flag (U.S.)]
20 May 1845 - 17 Jan 1893; confirmed 4 Jul 1894;
Adopted 12 Aug 1898 and 21 Aug 1959
[U.S. 44
                                  star flag 1891]
17 Jan 1893 - 4 Jul 1894
 
Map of Hawaii
Hear State Song
"Hawai`i Pono`i "
(Hawaii's Own)
Text of State Song
Adopted 13 Jun 1967
State Constitution
(21 Aug 1959)
 Capital: Honolulu
(Lahaina 1795-1804, 1820-1845;
Kailua Kona 1812-1820;
Honolulu 1803-1812;
Hilo 1793-1803;
Waikiki 1795-1796)
Motto: Ua Mau ke Ea o ka
ʻĀina i ka Pono
(The Life of
the Land is Perpetuated in
Righteousness)
Nicknames: Aloha State;
Paradise of the Pacific
Population: 1,455,271 (2020)
154,001 (1900)

84,165 (1850)
Governments
of Hawaii
(1842-1900)
Chronology

18 Jan 1778                Sighted by British Capt. James Cook (b. 1728
                             - d. 1779) who names the island chain the
                             'Sandwich Islands' after John Montagu, Earl of
                             Sandwich
, the First Lord of the Admiralty. 
1795                       The Hawaiian Islands (Ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Āina)(also
                            
officially styled Kingdom of the Hawaiian
                             Islands).

Apr 1810                   Kauai ceded to Hawaii.
25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul 1843  Provisionally ceded to U.K. (Sandwich Islands)

                             (not recognized by U.K.).
25 Aug 1849 -  5 Sep 1849  French sacking of Honolulu under Admiral Louis
                             de Tromelin (b. 1786 - d. 1867).

1854                       Pearl and Hermes Atoll (Holoikauaua) claimed.
23 Apr 1857                Bird (Nīhoa) Island (and 1 May 1857 Laysan [Kauō],
                             and 11 May 1857 Lisianski [Papa‘āpoho]) annexed.
20 Sep 1886                Kure Atoll or Ocean Island (
Hōlanikū) annexed.
 1 Feb 1893 -  8 Dec 1893  U.S. protectorate declared (then revoked).

27 May 1894                Necker Island (Mokumanamana) annexed.
 4 Jul 1894 - 14 Jun 1900  Republic of Hawaii
(Repubalika o Hawai‘i).
13 Jul 1895                French Frigate Shoals (Kānemilohaʻi) annexed.
 9 Sep 1897                Sovereignty over the Hawaiian Islands is ceded to
                             the U.S. by treaty signed on 16 Jun 1897 in
                             Washington, D.C.
12 Aug 1898                Annexed by the U.S.
(by resolution of 7 Jul 1898)
14 Jun 1900                Territory of Hawaii
 7 Dec 1941 - 24 Oct 1944  Under martial law during World War II.
21 Aug 1959                State of Hawaii

Kauai
(to 1824)
Maui
(to 1795)
Oahu
(to 1783)
Mayors of
Honolulu

 
 

Kings¹
1795 -  8 May 1819         Kamehameha I "the Great"           (b. 1758? - d. 1819)
20 May 1819 - 14 Jul 1824  Kamehameha II                      (b. 1797 - d. 1824)
14 Jul 1824 -  6 May 1825  Ka‘ahumanu (f) -Regent             (b. 1772? - d. 1832)
                            (regent [for Kamehameha II from 27 Nov 1823;
                             then for Kamehameha III to 5 Jun 1832])
 6 May 1825 - 15 Dec 1854  Kamehameha III                     (b. 1814 - d. 1854)
Jun 1832 - Mar 1833        Kinau (= Ka'ahumanu II) (f)-Regent (b. 1805 - d. 1839)
25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul 1843  Lord George Paulet -U.K. Commander (b. 1803 - d. 1879)
                             (chairman of provisional commission)
25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul l843  Kekauluohi (f) -Regent             (b. 1794 - d. 1845)

15 Dec 1854 - 30 Nov 1863  Kamehameha IV                      (b. 1834 - d. 1863)
30 Nov 1863                Princess Victoria Kamamalu (f)     (b. 1838 - d. 1866)
                             (= Ka'ahumanu IV) -Regent
30 Nov 1863 - 11 Dec 1872  Kamehameha V                       (b. 1830 - d. 1872)
11 Dec 1872 -  9 Jan 1873  Executive Ministry
                           - Ferdinand William Hutchison      (b. 1819 - d. 1893)
                           - Robert Stirling (1st time)       (d. 1889)
                           - Stephen Henry Phillips           (b. 1823 - d. 1897)
 9 Jan 1873 -  3 Feb 1874  Lunalilo                           (b. 1835 - d. 1874)
                             (= William Charles Lunalilo) 

 3 Feb 1874 - 13 Feb 1874  Executive Ministry
                           - Edwin Oscar Hall                 (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
                           - Charles Reed Bishop              (b. 1822 - d. 1915)
                           - Robert Stirling (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                           - Albert Francis Judd              (b. 1838 - d. 1900)
13 Feb 1874 - 20 Jan 1891  Kalakaua (= David Kalakaua)        (b. 1836 - d. 1891)
Queen¹
20 Jan 1891 - 17 Jan 1893  Liliuokalani                       (b. 1838 - d. 1917) 
                            (regent 20-29 Jan 1891; abdicated 24 Jan 1895)
Chairman of the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety
14 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  Henry Ernest Cooper (in rebellion) (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
President of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands
17 Jan 1893 -  4 Jul 1894  Sanford Ballard Dole               (b. 1844 - d. 1926)  RP
24 Aug 1893 - 19 Oct 1893  Francis March Hatch                (b. 1852 - d. 1923)  RP
                             (acting for Dole)

President of the Republic of Hawaii
 4 Jul 1894 - 14 Jun 1900  Sanford Ballard Dole               (s.a.)               AUP
Governors of Hawaii
14 Jun 1900 - 23 Nov 1903  Sanford Ballard Dole               (s.a.)               Rep
23 Nov 1903 - 15 Aug 1907  George Robert Carter               (b. 1866 - d. 1933)  Rep
15 Aug 1907 - 29 Nov 1913  Walter Francis Frear               (b. 1863 - d. 1948)  Rep
29 Nov 1913 - 22 Jun 1918  Lucius Eugene Pinkham              (b. 1850 - d. 1922)  Dem
22 Jun 1918 -  5 Jul 1921  Charles James McCarthy             (b. 1861 - d. 1928)  Dem
 5 Jul 1921 -  5 Jul 1929  Wallace Rider Farrington           (b. 1871 - d. 1933)  Rep
 5 Jul 1929 - 20 Apr 1934  Lawrence McCully Judd              (b. 1887 - d. 1968)  Rep
20 Apr 1934 - 24 Aug 1942  Joseph Boyd Poindexter             (b. 1869 - d. 1951)  Dem
 7 Dec 1941 - 17 Dec 1941  Walter Campbell Short              (b. 1880 - d. 1949)  Mil
                             (military governor)
17 Dec 1941 -  1 Jun 1943  Delos Carleton Emmons              (b. 1888 - d. 1965)  Mil
                             (military governor)
24 Aug 1942 -  8 May 1951  Ingram Macklin Stainback           (b. 1883 - d. 1961)  Dem
 1 Jun 1943 - 24 Oct 1944  Robert Charlwood Richardson, Jr.   (b. 1882 - d. 1954)  Mil
                             (military governor) 
 8 May 1951 - 28 Feb 1953  Oren Ethelbert Long                (b. 1889 - d. 1965)  Dem
28 Feb 1953 -  2 Sep 1957  Samuel Wilder King                 (b. 1886 - d. 1959)  Rep
 2 Sep 1957 -  3 Dec 1962  William Francis Quinn              (b. 1919 - d. 2006)  Rep
 3 Dec 1962 -  2 Dec 1974  John Anthony Burns                 (b. 1909 - d. 1975)  Dem
 2 Dec 1974 -  1 Dec 1986  George Ryoichi Ariyoshi            (b. 1926)            Dem
 1 Dec 1986 -  5 Dec 1994  John David Waihee III              (b. 1946)            Dem
 5 Dec 1994 -  2 Dec 2002  Benjamin "Ben" J. Cayetano         (b. 1939)            Dem
 2 Dec 2002 -  6 Dec 2010  Linda Crockett Lingle (f)          (b. 1953)            Rep
 6 Dec 2010 -  1 Dec 2014  Neil Abercrombie                   (b. 1938)            Dem
 1 Dec 2014 -  5 Dec 2022  David Yutaka Ige                   (b. 1957)            Dem
 5 Dec 2022 -              Joshua "Josh" B. Green             (b. 1970)            Dem


Kuhina Nui (Premiers)²
May 1819 -  5 Jun 1832     Ka‘ahumanu (f)                     (s.a.)
                             (from 4 Dec 1825 Elikapeka Ka‘ahumanu = Elizabeth Kaahumanu)
 5 Jun 1832 -  4 Apr 1839  Kinau (= Ka'ahumanu II) (f)        (s.a.)
 5 Apr 1839 -  7 Jun 1845  Kekauluohi (= Ka'ahumanu III) (f)  (s.a.)
10 Jun 1845 -  5 Sep 1853  John Kaleipaihala Young II         (b. c.1810 - d. 1857)
                             (= Keoni Ana Opio) (1st time)
 5 Sep 1853 - 14 Sep 1853  Lot Kamehameh (= Kamehameha V)     (s.a.)

14 Sep 1853 - 16 Jan 1855  John Kaleipaihala Young II         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
16 Jan 1855 - 19 Dec 1863  Victoria Kamamalu (f)              (s.a.)
                            
(= Kaahumanu IV)
19 Dec 1863 - 24 Aug 1864  Mataio Kekuanaoa                   (b. 1791 - d. 1868)
24 Aug 1864                Post abolished


U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary 

23 Sep 1889 - 18 May 1893  John Leavitt Stevens               (b. 1820 - d. 1895)
                             (minister resident to 6 Dec 1889)
Special Commissioner

23 May 1893 -  8 Aug 1893  James Henderson Blount             (b. 1837 - d. 1903)
U.S. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary
 7 Nov 1893 -  6 Jan 1897  Albert Shelby Willis               (b. 1843 - d. 1897)
22 Apr 1897 - 12 Aug 1898  Harold Marsh Sewall                (b. 1860 - d. 1924)
Special Agent
12 Aug 1898 - 14 Jun 1900  Harold Marsh Sewall                (s.a.)


Kauai

Apr 1810                   Ceded to Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands (Kaumualii is
 
                            allowed to keep his title for life).

 1 Jul 1816 -  7 Jul 1817  Russian America Co. colony at Fort Elizabeth
                             near Waimea (and 8 Oct 1816 Forts Alexander and Barclay).
26 May 1824                Separate monarchy extinct.
 8 Aug 1824 - 18 Aug 1824  Revolt attempts to restore Kauai kingdom.  

Kings (title Ali‘i Nui)
17.. - 17..                Kaweloleimakua
17.. - 1730                Kualii Kunuiakea  
                (d. 1730)
                            
Kuikealaikauaokalani
1730 - 1770                Peleioholani                       (d. 1770)
1770 - 1794                Kamakahelei (f) -Queen             (d. 1794)
1794 - 26 May 1824         (George) Kaumualii                 (b. c.1778 - d. 1824)
                             (royal governor from 1810; prisoner in Honolulu from 1821)
 8 Aug 1824 - 18 Aug 1824  George Humehume (in rebellion)     (b. 1798 - d. 1826)

Russian Governor at Fort Elizabeth
 1 Jul 1816 -  7 Jul 1817  Georg Anton Schäffer               (b. 1779 - d. 1836)
                             (= Yegor Antonovich Sheffer)


Maui

1783                       Annexes Oahu.
 1 May 1795                Part of Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands.

Kings (title Ali‘i Nui)
.... - 17..                Lonohonuakini
17.. - 17..                Kaulahea II
17.. - 1736                Kekaulike Kuihonoikamoku           (d. 1736)
1736 - 1765                Kamehamehanui Ailuau               (d. 1765)
1765 - 1794                Kahekili II                        (b. c.1737 - d. 1794)
1794 - Jul 1794            Kaeokulani                         (d. 1794)
Jul 1794 -  1 May 1795     Kalanikupule                       (d. 1795)
Jul 1794 -  6 Dec 1794     Kaeokulani (in dissidence)         (b. c.1754 - d. 1794)


Oahu

1783 - 1795                Annexed by Maui.
 1 May 1795                Part of Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands.

Kings (title Ali‘i Nui)
17.. - 1730                Kualii Kunuiakea                   (d. 1730)
                            
Kuikealaikauaokalani
1730 - 1737                Kapionookalani                     (d. 1737)
1737 - 1738                Kanahaokalani                      (d. 1738)
1738 - 1770                Peleioholani                       (d. 1770)
1770 - 1773                Kumahana
1773 - 1783                Kaneoneo                           (d. 1785)

 ¹Full style of the ruler:
(a) 1810 - 14 Jun 1852: Ali‘i Nui ("King"). The traditional style of the rulers of the major Hawaiian polities is Ali‘i Nui, literally "Great Chief." This style is adopted in the Hawaiian-language text of the Constitution of 6 Oct 1840. The English-language text uses the style "King";
(b) 14 Jun 1852 -  6 Jul 1887: Ali‘i o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Āina ("King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(c) 30 Nov 1863 - 11 Dec 1872 in some documents: Ma ka Lokomaika‘i o ke Akua, Ke Ali‘i o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Āina ("by the grace of God, King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(d)  6 Jul 1887 - 29 Jan 1891: Mō‘ī o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Āina ("King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(e) 29 Jan 1891 - 17 Jan 1893: Mō‘ī Wahine o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Āina ("Queen of the Hawaiian Islands");
(f) 17 Jan 1893 -  4 Jul 1894: Peresidena o ke Aupuni Kūikawā o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Āina ("President of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands");
(g)  4 Jul 1894 - 14 Jun 1900: Peresidena o ka Repubalika o Hawai‘i ("President of the Republic of Hawai‘i").

  ²The Hawaiian office most commonly translated as that of 'Prime minister' is Kuhina nui. The office was created in 1819 upon the death of Kamehameha I. Kamehameha's favorite wife, Ka‘ahumanu, reported that it was the King's wish that she become in effect the co-sovereign along with the King's young son. In her position as Kuhina nui she ruled the Kingdom until Kamehameha II came to majority and then for the remainder of her life. The Kuhina nui's power was greater than that of a prime minister in the western sense. The Constitution of 1864 abolished the office of Kuhina nui returning the power held by the Kuhina nui back to the 
monarch.



Idaho
 

[Flag of
                                State of Idaho 1907-1927 (U.S.)]12 Mar 1907 - 15 Mar 1927

[Flag of State
                                of Idaho (U.S.)]
 Adopted 15 Mar 1927

Map of Idaho
Hear State Song
"Here We Have Idaho"
Text of State Song
Adopted 11 Mar 1931
State Constitution
(3 Jul 1890)
 Capital: Boise
(Lewiston 3 Mar 1863-1864)
Motto: Esto perpetua
(May it last forever)
Nickname: Gem State
Population: 1,839,106 (2020)
Mayors of Boise
Chronology

20 Oct 1818                Treaty on joint U.S.-British administration
                             of Oregon Country, which includes Idaho
                             (see British Columbia).
15 Jun 1846                Oregon country south of 40° latitude ceded the 
                             to U.S. (including Idaho)(ratified 18 Jun
                             1846).

 3 Mar 1849                Part of Oregon Territory (some parts remain
                             with Oregon until 14 Feb 1859).
 2 Mar 1853                Part of Washington Territory (until 26 May
                             1864 also incl. Montana and Wyoming).
 4 Mar 1863                Territory
 3 Jul 1890                State

 
 
 
 

Governors
10 Mar 1863 -  1 Dec 1863  William Hanson Wallace             (b. 1811 - d. 1879)  Rep
 1 Dec 1863 -  1 Aug 1864  William B. Daniels (acting)        (b. 1817 - d. 1894)  Rep
26 Feb 1864 - 10 Apr 1866  Caleb Lyons (arrived 1 Aug 1864)   (b. 1821 - d. 1875)  Rep

14 Jun 1865 - 19 Aug 1865  Clinton DeWitt Smith               (b. 1830 - d. 1865)  Rep
                             (acting for Lyons)      
 4 Sep 1865 - 10 Apr 1866  Horace C. Gilson (acting of Lyons)                      Rep

10 Apr 1866 -  1 Jul 1870  David W. Ballard                   (b. 1824 - d. 1883)  Rep
                             (suspended Mar 1867 - Dec 1867)
30 Mar 1870 - 19 Apr 1871  Edward J. Curtis (1st time)(acting)(b. 1827 - d. 1895)  Rep

30 Mar 1870 -  7 Jun 1870  Samuel Bard                      
  (b. 1791 - d. 1880)  Rep
 
                           (did not take office)
 7 Jun 1870 - 12 Jun 1870  Gilman Marston                     (b. 1811 - d. 1890)  Rep

                             (did not take office)

12 Jun 1870 - 15 Mar 1871  Alexander Hamilton Conner          (b. 1832 - d. 1891)  Rep
                             (did not take office)
15 Mar 1871 - 19 Apr 1871  Ebenezer Dumont                    (b. 1814 - d. 1871)  Rep
                             (did not take office)
19 Apr 1871 -  5 Sep 1871  Thomas Meade Bowen                 (b. 1835 - d. 1906)  Rep

 5 Sep 1871 - 24 Oct 1871  Edward J. Curtis (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)               Rep
24 Oct 1871 -  3 Mar 1875  Thomas Warren Bennett              (b. 1831 - d. 1893)  Rep
 3 Mar 1875 - 16 Dec 1875  Edward J. Curtis (3rd time)(acting)(s.a.)               Rep
16 Dec 1875 - 24 Jul 1876  David Preston Thompson             (b. 1834 - d. 1901)  Rep
24 Jul 1876 -  7 Aug 1880  Mason Brayman                      (b. 1813 - d. 1895)  Rep
                             (suspended Jun 1878 - 1878)
 7 Aug 1878 - 12 Jul 1880  John Philo Hoyt                    (b. 1841 - d. 1926)  Rep

                             (did not take office)
 7 Aug 1878 - 12 Jul 1880  Robert A. Sidebotham (acting)      (b. 1834 - d. 1904)  Rep
12 Jul 1880 -  2 Mar 1883  John B. Neil                       (b. 1842 - d. 1902)  Rep

 2 Mar 1883 - 15 May 1883  John Nichol Irwin                  (b. 1847 - d. 1905)  Rep
15 May 1883 - 26 Mar 1884  Edward J. Curtis (4th time)(acting)(s.a.)               Rep
26 Mar 1884 - 29 Sep 1885  William Malcolm Bunn               (b. 1842 - d. 1923)  Rep
 9 Jul 1885 - 29 Sep 1885  David Porter Baker Pride           (b. 1854 - d. 1894)  Rep
                             (acting for Bunn)
29 Sep 1885 -  1 Apr 1889  Edward A. Stevenson                (b. 1831 - d. 1895)  Dem
 1 Apr 1889 - 19 Dec 1890  George Laird Shoup                 (b. 1836 - d. 1904)  Rep
19 Dec 1890 -  1 Jan 1893  Norman Bushnell Willey             (b. 1838 - d. 1921)  Rep
 1 Jan 1893 -  4 Jan 1897  William John McConnell             (b. 1839 - d. 1925)  Rep
 4 Jan 1897 -  7 Jan 1901  Frank Steunenberg                  (b. 1861 - d. 1905)  Dem + Pop
 7 Jan 1901 -  5 Jan 1903  Frank Williams Hunt                (b. 1861 - d. 1906)  Dem
 5 Jan 1903 -  2 Jan 1905  John Tracy Morrison                (b. 1860 - d. 1915)  Rep
 3 Jan 1905 -  4 Jan 1909  Frank Robert Gooding               (b. 1859 - d. 1928)  Rep
 4 Jan 1909 -  2 Jan 1911  James Henry Brady                  (b. 1862 - d. 1918)  Rep
 2 Jan 1911 -  6 Jan 1913  James Henry Hawley                 (b. 1847 - d. 1929)  Dem
 6 Jan 1913 -  4 Jan 1915  John Michner Haines                (b. 1863 - d. 1917)  Rep
 4 Jan 1915 -  6 Jan 1919  Moses Alexander                    (b. 1853 - d. 1932)  Dem
 6 Jan 1919 -  1 Jan 1923  David William Davis                (b. 1873 - d. 1959)  Rep
 3 Jan 1923 -  3 Jan 1927  Charles Calvin Moore               (b. 1866 - d. 1958)  Rep
 3 Jan 1927 -  5 Jan 1931  H. Clarence Baldridge              (b. 1868 - d. 1947)  Rep
 5 Jan 1931 -  4 Jan 1937  Charles Ben Ross                   (b. 1876 - d. 1946)  Dem
 4 Jan 1937 -  2 Jan 1939  Barzilla Worth Clark               (b. 1881 - d. 1943)  Dem
 2 Jan 1939 -  5 Jan 1941  Clarence Alfred Bottolfsen         (b. 1891 - d. 1964)  Rep
                             (1st time)
 6 Jan 1941 -  4 Jan 1943  Chase Addison Clark                (b. 1883 - d. 1966)  Dem
 4 Jan 1943 -  1 Jan 1945  Clarence Alfred Bottolfsen         (s.a.)               Rep
                             (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1945 - 17 Nov 1945  Charles Clinton Gossett            (b. 1888 - d. 1974)  Dem
17 Nov 1945 -  6 Jan 1947  Arnold Williams                    (b. 1898 - d. 1970)  Dem
 6 Jan 1947 -  1 Jan 1951  Charles Armington Robins           (b. 1884 - d. 1970)  Rep
 1 Jan 1951 -  3 Jan 1955  Leonard "Len" Beck Jordan          (b. 1899 - d. 1983)  Rep
 3 Jan 1955 -  2 Jan 1967  Robert Eben Smylie                 (b. 1914 - d. 2004)  Rep
 2 Jan 1967 -  4 Jan 1971  Donald William Samuelson           (b. 1913 - d. 2000)  Rep
 4 Jan 1971 - 24 Jan 1977  Cecil Dale Andrus (1st time)       (b. 1931 - d. 2017)  Dem
24 Jan 1977 -  5 Jan 1987  John Victor Evans                  (b. 1925 - d. 2014)  Dem
 5 Jan 1987 -  1 Jan 1995  Cecil Dale Andrus (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Dem
 2 Jan 1995 -  8 Jan 1999  Philip "Phil" E. Batt              (b. 1927 - d. 2023)  Rep
 8 Jan 1999 - 26 May 2006  Dirk Arthur Kempthorne             (b. 1951)            Rep
26 May 2006 -  1 Jan 2007  Jim Risch                          (b. 1943)            Rep
 1 Jan 2007 -  7 Jan 2019  C.L. "Butch" Otter                 (b. 1942)            Rep
 7 Jan 2019 -              Brad Little                        (b. 1954)            Rep



Illinois
 
[State
                                  of Illinois flag 1915-1970 (U.S.)]
6 Jul 1915 - 1 Jul 1970
[Flag of
                                  State of Illinois (U.S.)]
Adopted 1 Jul 1970
Map of Illinois
Hear State Song
"Illinois"
Text of State Song
Adopted 30 Jun 1925
State Constitution
(1 Jul 1971)
 Capital: Springfield
(Kaskaskia 1 Mar 1809-1820;
Vandalia 1820-4 Jul 1839)
Motto: State sovereignty,
national union
Nickname: Land of Lincoln
Population: 12,812,508 (2020)
Mayors of Chicago
Chronology

22 Jun 1774                Part of Quebec
 4 Jul 1778                Part of Virginia (confirmed 9 Dec 1778)

                             (County of Illinois).
 3 Sep 1783                Ceded to the U.S. by the U.K.
 1 Mar 1784                Relinquished by Virginia to the U.S.
13 Jul 1787                Part of Northwest Territory (see Ohio).

 4 Jul 1800                Part of Indiana.
 1 Mar 1809                Territory
 3 Dec 1818                State

Fort de Chartres
(1718-1765)
 
 
 
 


Commandants at Kaskaskia
(de facto Lieutenant-governors of Kaskaskia)
12 Jun 1772 - May 1776     Hugh Lord                          (b. c.1742 - d. 1829)Mil
May 1776 -  4 Jul 1778     Philippe-François de Rastel de     (b. 1727 - d. 1802)  Mil
                             Rocheblave

Lieutenant-governor of Kaskaskia district
May 1775 -  4 Jul 1778     Matthew Johnson (never arrived)
                         Mil
Governors of Illinois

 1 Mar 1809 -  6 Oct 1818  Ninian Edwards (1st time)          (b. 1775 - d. 1833)  D-R
 6 Oct 1818 -  5 Dec 1822  Shadrach Bond                      (b. 1773 - d. 1832)  D-R
 5 Dec 1822 -  6 Dec 1826  Edward Coles                       (b. 1786 - d. 1868)  D-R
 6 Dec 1826 -  6 Dec 1830  Ninian Edwards (2nd time)          (s.a.)               D-R
 6 Dec 1830 - 17 Nov 1834  John Reynolds                      (b. 1789 - d. 1865)  Dem
17 Nov 1834 -  3 Dec 1834  William Lee Davidson Ewing         (b. 1795 - d. 1846)  Dem
 3 Dec 1834 -  7 Dec 1838  Joseph Duncan                      (b. 1794 - d. 1844)  Dem
 7 Dec 1838 -  8 Dec 1842  Thomas Carlin                      (b. 1789 - d. 1852)  Dem
 8 Dec 1842 -  9 Dec 1846  Thomas Ford                        (b. 1800 - d. 1850)  Dem
 9 Dec 1846 - 10 Jan 1853  Augustus Chaflin French            (b. 1808 - d. 1864)  Dem
10 Jan 1853 - 12 Jan 1857  Joel Aldrich Matteson              (b. 1808 - d. 1873)  Dem
12 Jan 1857 - 18 Mar 1860  William Harrison Bissell           (b. 1811 - d. 1860)  Rep
18 Mar 1860 - 14 Jan 1861  John Wood (acting to 21 Mar 1860)  (b. 1798 - d. 1880)  Rep
14 Jan 1861 - 16 Jan 1865  Richard Yates                      (b. 1815 - d. 1873)  Rep
16 Jan 1865 - 11 Jan 1869  Richard James Oglesby (1st time)   (b. 1824 - d. 1899)  Rep
11 Jan 1869 - 13 Jan 1873  John McAuley Palmer                (b. 1817 - d. 1900)  Rep
13 Jan 1873 - 23 Jan 1873  Richard James Oglesby (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Rep
23 Jan 1873 -  8 Jan 1877  John Lourie Beveridge              (b. 1824 - d. 1910)  Rep
 8 Jan 1877 -  8 Feb 1883  Shelby Moore Cullom                (b. 1829 - d. 1914)  Rep
16 Feb 1883 - 30 Jan 1885  John Marshall Hamilton             (b. 1847 - d. 1905)  Rep
30 Jan 1885 - 14 Jan 1889  Richard James Oglesby (3rd time)   (s.a.)               Rep
14 Jan 1889 - 10 Jan 1893  Joseph Wilson Fifer                (b. 1840 - d. 1938)  Rep
10 Jan 1893 - 11 Jan 1897  John Peter Altgeld                 (b. 1847 - d. 1902)  Dem
11 Jan 1897 - 14 Jan 1901  John Riley Tanner                  (b. 1844 - d. 1901)  Rep
14 Jan 1901 -  9 Jan 1905  Richard Yates                      (b. 1860 - d. 1936)  Rep
 9 Jan 1905 -  3 Feb 1913  Charles Samuel Deneen              (b. 1863 - d. 1940)  Rep
 3 Feb 1913 -  8 Jan 1917  Edward FitzSimmons Dunne           (b. 1853 - d. 1937)  Dem
 8 Jan 1917 - 10 Jan 1921  Frank Orren Lowden                 (b. 1861 - d. 1943)  Rep
10 Jan 1921 - 14 Jan 1929  Lennington Small                   (b. 1862 - d. 1936)  Rep
14 Jan 1929 -  9 Jan 1933  Louis Lincoln Emmerson             (b. 1863 - d. 1941)  Rep
 9 Jan 1933 -  6 Oct 1940  Henry Horner                       (b. 1878 - d. 1940)  Dem
 6 Oct 1940 - 13 Jan 1941  John Henry Stelle                  (b. 1891 - d. 1962)  Dem
13 Jan 1941 - 10 Jan 1949  Dwight Herbert Green               (b. 1897 - d. 1958)  Rep
10 Jan 1949 - 12 Jan 1953  Adlai Ewing Stevenson              (b. 1900 - d. 1965)  Dem
12 Jan 1953 -  9 Jan 1961  William Grant Stratton             (b. 1914 - d. 2001)  Rep
 9 Jan 1961 - 21 May 1968  Otto Kerner, Jr.                   (b. 1908 - d. 1976)  Dem
21 May 1968 - 13 Jan 1969  Samuel Harvey Shapiro              (b. 1907 - d. 1987)  Dem
13 Jan 1969 -  8 Jan 1973  Richard Buell Ogilvie              (b. 1923 - d. 1988)  Rep
 8 Jan 1973 - 10 Jan 1977  Daniel Walker                      (b. 1922 - d. 2015)  Dem
10 Jan 1977 - 14 Jan 1991  James Robert Thompson, Jr.         (b. 1936 - d. 2020)  Rep
14 Jan 1991 - 11 Jan 1999  James "Jim" R. Edgar               (b. 1946)            Rep
11 Jan 1999 - 13 Jan 2003  George H. Ryan                     (b. 1934)            Rep
13 Jan 2003 - 29 Jan 2009  Rod Blagojevich                    (b. 1956)            Dem
29 Jan 2009 - 12 Jan 2015  Patrick "Pat" J. Quinn             (b. 1948)
           Dem
12 Jan 2015 - 14 Jan 2019 
Bruce V. Rauner                    (b. 1957)            Rep
14 Jan 2019 -              Jay Robert "J.B." Pritzker         (b. 1965)            Dem


Fort de Chartres

1718                      Fort de Chartres founded by France, headquarters of the
                            Illinois country (area between Arkansas River and upper
                            Illinois River), a part of Louisiana.
1747 – 1753               Fort abandoned; the administration relocated to Kaskaskia.
10 Feb 1763               Illinois country east of the Mississippi ceded to the U.K.
10 Oct 1765               Fort surrendered to the British, then abandoned in 1772.

Commandants at Fort de Chartres (in charge of the Illinois country)
1718 - Oct 1723           Pierre Sidrac Dugué de Boisbriand   (b. 1675 – d. 1736)
21 Oct 1723 - 1725        Claude Charles Dutisné (1st time)   (b. c.1688 - d. 1730)
1725                      Jean Charles de Pradel (interim)    (d. 1764)
1725 - May 1729           Pierre Charles Desliette            (b. c.1674 - d. 1729)
May 1729 - 1730           Claude Charles Dutisné (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1730 - 1733               Robert Groston de Saint-Ange        (b. c.1665 - d. 1740)
1733 - 25 Mar 1736        Pierre d'Artaguiette d'Itouralde    (b. 1698 - d. 1736)
1736 - 11 Dec 1740        Claude Alphonse de La Buissonnière  (b. c.1695 - d. 1740)
1740 - 1742               Jean-Baptiste Benoit de St. Clair   (d. 1757)
                            (1st time)(acting)
1742 -  7 Jan 1749        Jean-Gaspard de Bertet de La Clue   (b. 1699 - d. 1749)
1749 - 1751               Jean-Baptiste Benoit de St. Clair   (s.a.)
                            (2nd time)(acting)
1751 - 1760               Jean-Jacques de Macarty-Mactigue    (b. 1708 - d. 1764)
1760 - Jun 1764           Pierre Joseph Neyon de Villiers     (b. 1718 - d. 1779)
Jun 1764 - 10 Oct 1765    Louis Groston de Saint-Ange et de   (b. 1698 - d. 1774)
                            Bellerive



Indiana
 

[Flag of State
                                of Indiana (U.S.)]
Adopted 31 May 1917

Map of Indiana
Hear State Song
"On the Banks of the
Wabash, Far Away"
Text of State Song
Adopted 14 Mar 1913
State Constitution
(1 Nov 1851)
 Capital: Indianapolis
(Vincennes 4 Jul 1800-1813;
Corydon 1 May 1813-
10 Jan 1825)
Motto: The Crossroads
of America
Nickname: Hoosier State
Population: 6,785,528 (2020)
Mayors of
Indianapolis
Chronology

22 Jun 1774                Part of Quebec.
24 Jul 1778                Part of Virginia.

 3 Sep 1783                Ceded to the U.S. by the U.K.
 1 Mar 1784                Relinquished by Virginia to the U.S.
13 Jul 1787                Part of Northwest Territory (see Ohio).

 4 Jul 1800                Territory
11 Dec 1816                State¹

 
 
 
 

Lieutenant-governor of Vincennes district
Apr 1775 -  3 Feb 1778     Edward Abbott (arrived 19 May 1777)                     Mil
Governors of Indiana

 4 Jul 1800 - 28 Dec 1812  William Henry Harrison             (b. 1773 - d. 1841)  Mil
 4 Jul 1800 - 10 Jan 1801  John Gibson                        (b. 1740 - d. 1822)  Mil
                             (acting for absent Harrison)
28 Dec 1812 -  3 Mar 1813  John Gibson (acting)               (s.a.)               Mil

 3 Mar 1813 -  7 Nov 1816  Thomas Posey                       (b. 1750 - d. 1818)  D-R
 7 Nov 1816 - 12 Sep 1822  Jonathan Jennings                  (b. 1784 - d. 1834)  J-R
12 Sep 1822 -  5 Dec 1822  Ratliff Boon                       (b. 1781 - d. 1844)  J-R
 5 Dec 1822 - 12 Feb 1825  William Hendricks                  (b. 1782 - d. 1850)  J-R
12 Feb 1825 -  7 Dec 1831  James Brown Ray                    (b. 1794 - d. 1848)  Ind
 7 Dec 1831 -  6 Dec 1837  Noah Noble                         (b. 1794 - d. 1844) N-R;1834 Whg
 6 Dec 1837 -  9 Dec 1840  David Wallace                      (b. 1799 - d. 1859)  Whg
 9 Dec 1840 -  6 Dec 1843  Samuel Bigger                      (b. 1802 - d. 1846)  Whg
 6 Dec 1843 - 26 Dec 1848  James Whitcomb                     (b. 1795 - d. 1852)  Dem
26 Dec 1848 -  5 Dec 1849  Paris Chipman Dunning              (b. 1806 - d. 1884)  Dem
 5 Dec 1849 - 12 Jan 1857  Joseph Albert Wright               (b. 1810 - d. 1867)  Dem
12 Jan 1857 -  4 Oct 1860  Ashbel Parsons Willard             (b. 1820 - d. 1860)  Dem
 4 Oct 1860 - 14 Jan 1861  Abram Adams Hammond                (b. 1814 - d. 1874)  Dem
14 Jan 1861 - 16 Jan 1861  Henry Smith Lane                   (b. 1811 - d. 1881)  Rep
16 Jan 1861 - 23 Jan 1867  Oliver Hazard Perry Morton         (b. 1823 - d. 1877)  Rep
23 Jan 1867 - 13 Jan 1873  Conrad Baker                       (b. 1817 - d. 1885)  Rep
13 Jan 1873 -  8 Jan 1877  Thomas Andrews Hendricks           (b. 1819 - d. 1885)  Dem
 8 Jan 1877 - 20 Nov 1880  James Douglas Williams             (b. 1808 - d. 1880)  Dem
20 Nov 1880 - 10 Jan 1881  Isaac Pusey Gray (1st time)        (b. 1828 - d. 1895)  Dem
10 Jan 1881 - 12 Jan 1885  Albert Gallatin Porter             (b. 1824 - d. 1897)  Rep
12 Jan 1885 - 14 Jan 1889  Isaac Pusey Gray (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
14 Jan 1889 - 23 Nov 1891  Alvin Peterson Hovey               (b. 1821 - d. 1891)  Rep
23 Nov 1891 -  9 Jan 1893  Ira Joy Chase                      (b. 1834 - d. 1895)  Rep
 9 Jan 1893 - 11 Jan 1897  Claude Matthews                    (b. 1845 - d. 1898)  Dem
11 Jan 1897 - 14 Jan 1901  James Atwell Mount                 (b. 1843 - d. 1901)  Rep
14 Jan 1901 -  9 Jan 1905  Winfield Taylor Durbin             (b. 1847 - d. 1928)  Rep
 9 Jan 1905 - 11 Jan 1909  James Frank Hanly                  (b. 1863 - d. 1920)  Rep
11 Jan 1909 - 13 Jan 1913  Thomas Riley Marshall              (b. 1854 - d. 1925)  Dem
13 Jan 1913 -  8 Jan 1917  Samuel Moffett Ralston             (b. 1857 - d. 1925)  Dem
 8 Jan 1917 - 10 Jan 1921  James Putnam Goodrich              (b. 1864 - d. 1940)  Rep
10 Jan 1921 - 30 Apr 1924  Warren Terry McCray                (b. 1865 - d. 1938)  Rep
30 Apr 1924 - 12 Jan 1925  Emmett Forrest Branch              (b. 1874 - d. 1932)  Rep
12 Jan 1925 - 14 Jan 1929  Edward L. Jackson                  (b. 1873 - d. 1954)  Rep
14 Jan 1929 -  9 Jan 1933  Harry Guyer Leslie                 (b. 1878 - d. 1937)  Rep
 9 Jan 1933 - 11 Jan 1937  Paul Vories McNutt                 (b. 1891 - d. 1957)  Dem
11 Jan 1937 - 13 Jan 1941  Maurice Clifford Townsend          (b. 1884 - d. 1954)  Dem
13 Jan 1941 -  8 Jan 1945  Henry Frederick Schricker          (b. 1883 - d. 1966)  Dem
                             (1st time)
 8 Jan 1945 - 10 Jan 1949  Ralph Fesler Gates                 (b. 1893 - d. 1978)  Rep
10 Jan 1949 - 12 Jan 1953  Henry Frederick Schricker          (s.a.)               Dem
                             (2nd time)
12 Jan 1953 - 14 Jan 1957  George North Craig                 (b. 1909 - d. 1992)  Rep
14 Jan 1957 -  9 Jan 1961  Harold Willis Handley              (b. 1909 - d. 1972)  Rep
 9 Jan 1961 - 11 Jan 1965  Matthew Empson Welsh               (b. 1912 - d. 1995)  Dem
11 Jan 1965 - 13 Jan 1969  Roger Douglas Branigin             (b. 1902 - d. 1975)  Dem
13 Jan 1969 -  9 Jan 1973  Edgar Doud Whitcomb                (b. 1917 - d. 2016)  Rep
 9 Jan 1973 - 13 Jan 1981  Otis Ray Bowen                     (b. 1918 - d. 2013)  Rep
13 Jan 1981 -  9 Jan 1989  Robert Dunkerson Orr               (b. 1917 - d. 2004)  Rep
 9 Jan 1989 - 13 Jan 1997  Birch Evans "Evan" Bayh III        (b. 1955)            Dem
13 Jan 1997 - 13 Sep 2003  Frank Lewis O'Bannon               (b. 1930 - d. 2003)  Dem
 9 Sep 2003 - 10 Jan 2005  Joseph "Joe" Eugene Kernan         (b. 1946 - d. 2020)  Dem 
                             (acting for O'Bannon to 13 Sep 2003)
10 Jan 2005 - 14 Jan 2013  Mitch Daniels                      (b. 1949)            Rep
14 Jan 2013 -  9 Jan 2017  Mike Pence                         (b. 1959)            Rep
 9 Jan 2017 - 13 Jan 2025  Eric Holcomb                       (b. 1968)            Rep
13 Jan 2025 -              Michael "Mike" K. Braun            (b. 1954)            Rep

 ¹There was a remnant of Indiana Territory that continued to exist under that name until 3 Dec
1818, when it was attached to Michigan Territory.



Iowa
 
[State of
                                  Iowa 1917 - 1921 (U.S.)]
11 May 1917 - 29 Mar 1921
[Flag of
                                  State of Iowa (U.S.)]
Adopted 29 Mar 1921
Map of Iowa
Hear State Song
"The Song of Iowa"
Text of State Song
Adopted 20 Mar 1911
State Constitution
(3 Aug 1857)
 Capital: Des Moines
(Burlington 4 Jul 1838-1841;
Iowa City 1841-19 Oct 1857)
Motto: Our liberties we prize
and our rights we will maintain
Nickname: Hawkeye State
Population: 3,190,369 (2020)
Mayors of
Des Moines
Chronology

26 Mar 1804                Part of Louisiana Territory.
 2 Feb 1809                Part of Illinois Territory.
 7 Dec 1812                Part of Missouri Territory.
10 Aug 1821                Unorganized territory.
28 Jun 1834                Part of Michigan Territory.
 4 Jul 1836                Part of Wisconsin Territory.
12 Jun 1838                Territory (effective 3 Jul 1838).
28 Dec 1846                State

 
 
 
 

Governors
 3 Jul 1838 - 15 Aug 1838  William B. Conway (acting)         (b. 1802 - d. 1839)  Dem
15 Aug 1838 - 13 May 1841  Robert Lucas                       (b. 1781 - d. 1853)  Dem
13 May 1841 - 18 Nov 1845  John Chambers                      (b. 1780 - d. 1852)  Whg
18 Nov 1845 -  3 Dec 1846  James Clarke                       (b. 1812 - d. 1850)  Dem
 3 Dec 1846 -  4 Dec 1850  Ansel Briggs                       (b. 1806 - d. 1881)  Dem
 4 Dec 1850 -  9 Dec 1854  Stephen P. Hempstead               (b. 1812 - d. 1883)  Dem
 9 Dec 1854 - 13 Jan 1858  James Wilson Grimes                (b. 1816 - d. 1872)  Whg
13 Jan 1858 - 11 Jan 1860  Ralph Phillips Lowe                (b. 1805 - d. 1883)  Rep
11 Jan 1860 - 14 Jan 1864  Samuel Jordan Kirkwood (1st time)  (b. 1813 - d. 1894)  Rep
14 Jan 1864 - 16 Jan 1868  William Milo Stone                 (b. 1827 - d. 1893)  Rep
16 Jan 1868 - 11 Jan 1872  Samuel Merrill                     (b. 1822 - d. 1899)  Rep
11 Jan 1872 - 13 Jan 1876  Cyrus Clay Carpenter               (b. 1829 - d. 1898)  Rep
13 Jan 1876 -  1 Feb 1877  Samuel Jordan Kirkwood (2nd time)  (s.a.)               Rep
 1 Feb 1877 - 17 Jan 1878  Joshua Giddings Newbold            (b. 1830 - d. 1903)  Rep
17 Jan 1878 - 12 Jan 1882  John Henry Gear                    (b. 1825 - d. 1900)  Rep
12 Jan 1882 - 14 Jan 1886  Buren Robinson Sherman             (b. 1836 - d. 1904)  Rep
14 Jan 1886 - 27 Feb 1890  William Larrabee                   (b. 1832 - d. 1912)  Rep
27 Feb 1890 - 11 Jan 1894  Horace Boies                       (b. 1827 - d. 1923)  Dem
11 Jan 1894 - 16 Jan 1896  Frank Darr Jackson                 (b. 1854 - d. 1938)  Rep
16 Jan 1896 - 13 Jan 1898  Francis Marion Drake               (b. 1830 - d. 1903)  Rep
13 Jan 1898 - 16 Jan 1902  Leslie Mortimer Shaw               (b. 1848 - d. 1932)  Rep
16 Jan 1902 - 24 Nov 1908  Albert Baird Cummins               (b. 1850 - d. 1926)  Rep
24 Nov 1908 - 14 Jan 1909  Warren Garst                       (b. 1850 - d. 1924)  Rep
14 Jan 1909 - 16 Jan 1913  Beryl Franklin Carroll             (b. 1860 - d. 1939)  Rep
16 Jan 1913 - 11 Jan 1917  George W. Clarke                   (b. 1852 - d. 1936)  Rep
11 Jan 1917 - 13 Jan 1921  William Lloyd Harding              (b. 1877 - d. 1934)  Rep
13 Jan 1921 - 15 Jan 1925  Nathan Edward Kendall              (b. 1868 - d. 1936)  Rep
15 Jan 1925 - 15 Jan 1931  John Hammill                       (b. 1875 - d. 1936)  Rep
15 Jan 1931 - 12 Jan 1933  Daniel Webster Turner              (b. 1877 - d. 1969)  Rep
12 Jan 1933 - 14 Jan 1937  Clyde LaVerne Herring              (b. 1879 - d. 1945)  Dem
14 Jan 1937 - 12 Jan 1939  Nelson George Kraschel             (b. 1889 - d. 1957)  Dem
12 Jan 1939 - 14 Jan 1943  George Allison Wilson              (b. 1884 - d. 1953)  Rep
14 Jan 1943 - 11 Jan 1945  Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper      (b. 1896 - d. 1971)  Rep
11 Jan 1945 - 13 Jan 1949  Robert Donald Blue                 (b. 1898 - d. 1989)  Rep
13 Jan 1949 - 21 Nov 1954  William Shane Beardsley            (b. 1901 - d. 1954)  Rep
22 Nov 1954 - 13 Jan 1955  Leo Elthon                         (b. 1898 - d. 1967)  Rep
13 Jan 1955 - 17 Jan 1957  Leo Arthur Hoegh                   (b. 1908 - d. 2000)  Rep
17 Jan 1957 - 12 Jan 1961  Herschel Cellel Loveless           (b. 1911 - d. 1989)  Dem
12 Jan 1961 - 17 Jan 1963  Norman Arthur Erbe                 (b. 1919 - d. 2000)  Rep
17 Jan 1963 -  1 Jan 1969  Harold Everett Hughes              (b. 1922 - d. 1996)  Dem
 1 Jan 1969 - 16 Jan 1969  Robert Fulton                      (b. 1929)            Dem 
16 Jan 1969 - 14 Jan 1983  Robert Ray                         (b. 1928 - d. 2018)  Rep
14 Jan 1983 - 15 Jan 1999  Terry Edward Branstad (1st time)   (b. 1946)            Rep
15 Jan 1999 - 12 Jan 2007  Thomas "Tom" J. Vilsack            (b. 1950)            Dem  
12 Jan 2007 - 14 Jan 2011  Chester "Chet" J. Culver           (b. 1966)
            Dem
14 Jan 2011 - 24 May 2017  Terry Edward Branstad (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Rep
24 May 2017 -              Kimberly
"Kim" Kay Reynolds (f)    (b. 1959)            Rep


Jefferson: see Colorado


Kansas
 
[Flag of
                                  State of Kansas, 1927-1963 (U.S.)]
23 Mar 1927 - 30 Jun 1963
[Flag of
                                  State of Kansas (U.S.)]
Adopted 30 Jun 1963
Map of Kansas
Hear State Song
"Home on the Range"
Text of State Song
Adopted 30 Jun 1947
State Constitution
(29 Jan 1861)
 Capital: Topeka
(Fort Leavenworth
30 May 1854-1854;
Lecompton 1855-1861;
Pawnee 1855; Shawnee
Mission 1854-1855
;
Wyandot 1853-1854)
Motto: Ad astra per aspera
(To the stars through
difficulties)
Nickname: Sunflower State
Population: 2,937,880 (2020)
Mayors of Topeka
Chronology

26 Mar 1804                Part of Louisiana Territory.
 7 Dec 1812                Part of Missouri Territory.
10 Aug 1821                Unorganized territory.
26 Jul 1853                Provisional Government of Nebraska Territory
                             proclaimed (not recognized by the U.S.)
30 May 1854                Territory of Kansas

29 Jan 1861                State

 
 
 
 

Governors
26 Jul 1853 – 29 Jun 1854  William Walker (provisional)       (b. 1799 - d. 1874)  Dem
29 Jun 1854 - 16 Aug 1855  Andrew Horatio Reeder              (b. 1807 - d. 1864)  Dem

16 Aug 1855 -  7 Sep 1855  Daniel Woodson (1st time) (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1894)  Dem
 7 Sep 1855 - 18 Aug 1856  Wilson Shannon                     (b. 1802 - d. 1877)  Dem
 4 Mar 1856 - 10 May 1856  Charles L. Robinson                (b. 1818 - d. 1894)  Rep
                             (in rebellion, at Topeka)

18 Aug 1856 -  9 Sep 1856  Daniel Woodson (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)               Dem
 9 Sep 1856 - 12 Mar 1857  John White Geary                   (b. 1819 - d. 1873)  Dem
12 Mar 1857 - 16 Apr 1857  Daniel Woodson (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.)               Dem
16 Apr 1857 - 27 May 1857  Frederick Perry Stanton (1st time) (b. 1814 - d. 1894)  Dem
                             (acting)
27 May 1857 - 16 Nov 1857  Robert James Walker                (b. 1801 - d. 1869)  Dem
16 Nov 1857 - 21 Dec 1857  Frederick Perry Stanton (2nd time) (s.a.)               Dem
                             (acting)
21 Dec 1857 - 10 Oct 1858  James William Denver               (b. 1817 - d. 1892)  Dem
                             (acting to 12 May 1858)
10 Oct 1858 - 18 Dec 1858  Hugh Sleight Walsh (acting)        (b. 1810 - d. 1877)  Dem
18 Dec 1858 - 17 Dec 1860  Samuel Medary                      (b. 1801 - d. 1864)  Dem
17 Dec 1860 -  9 Feb 1861  George Monroe Beebe (acting)       (b. 1836 - d. 1927)  Dem
 9 Feb 1861 - 12 Jan 1863  Charles L. Robinson                (s.a.)               Rep
12 Jan 1863 -  9 Jan 1865  Thomas Carney                      (b. 1824 - d. 1888)  Rep
 9 Jan 1865 -  4 Nov 1868  Samuel Johnson Crawford            (b. 1835 - d. 1913)  Rep
 4 Nov 1868 - 11 Jan 1869  Nehemiah Green                     (b. 1837 - d. 1890)  Rep
11 Jan 1869 - 13 Jan 1873  James Madison Harvey               (b. 1833 - d. 1894)  Rep
13 Jan 1873 -  8 Jan 1877  Thomas Andrew Osborn               (b. 1836 - d. 1898)  Rep
 8 Jan 1877 - 13 Jan 1879  George Tobey Anthony               (b. 1824 - d. 1896)  Rep
13 Jan 1879 -  8 Jan 1883  John Pierce St. John               (b. 1833 - d. 1916)  Rep
 8 Jan 1883 - 12 Jan 1885  George Washington Glick            (b. 1827 - d. 1911)  Dem
12 Jan 1885 - 14 Jan 1889  John Alexander Martin              (b. 1839 - d. 1889)  Rep
14 Jan 1889 -  9 Jan 1893  Lyman Underwood Humphrey           (b. 1844 - d. 1915)  Rep
 9 Jan 1893 - 14 Jan 1895  Lorenzo Dow Lewelling              (b. 1846 - d. 1900)  Pop
14 Jan 1895 - 11 Jan 1897  Edmund Needham Morrill             (b. 1834 - d. 1909)  Rep
11 Jan 1897 -  9 Jan 1899  John Weedham Leedy                 (b. 1849 - d. 1935)  Pop
 9 Jan 1899 - 12 Jan 1903  William Eugene Stanley             (b. 1848 - d. 1910)  Rep 
12 Jan 1903 -  9 Jan 1905  Willis Joshua Bailey               (b. 1854 - d. 1932)  Rep
 9 Jan 1905 - 11 Jan 1909  Edward Wallis Hoch                 (b. 1849 - d. 1925)  Rep
11 Jan 1909 - 13 Jan 1913  Walter Roscoe Stubbs               (b. 1858 - d. 1929)  Rep
13 Jan 1913 - 11 Jan 1915  George Hartshorn Hodges            (b. 1866 - d. 1947)  Dem
11 Jan 1915 - 13 Jan 1919  Arthur Capper                      (b. 1865 - d. 1951)  Rep
13 Jan 1919 -  8 Jan 1923  Henry Justin Allen                 (b. 1868 - d. 1950)  Rep
 8 Jan 1923 - 12 Jan 1925  Jonathan McMillan Davis            (b. 1871 - d. 1943)  Dem
12 Jan 1925 - 14 Jan 1929  Benjamin Sanford Paulen            (b. 1869 - d. 1961)  Rep
14 Jan 1929 - 12 Jan 1931  Clyde Martin Reed                  (b. 1871 - d. 1949)  Rep
12 Jan 1931 -  9 Jan 1933  Harry Hines Woodring               (b. 1890 - d. 1967)  Dem
 9 Jan 1933 - 11 Jan 1937  Alfred Mossman Landon              (b. 1887 - d. 1987)  Rep
11 Jan 1937 -  9 Jan 1939  Walter August Huxman               (b. 1887 - d. 1972)  Dem
 9 Jan 1939 - 11 Jan 1943  Payne Harry Ratner                 (b. 1896 - d. 1974)  Rep
11 Jan 1943 - 13 Jan 1947  Andrew Frank Schoeppel             (b. 1894 - d. 1962)  Rep
13 Jan 1947 - 28 Nov 1950  Frank Carlson                      (b. 1893 - d. 1987)  Rep
28 Nov 1950 -  8 Jan 1951  Frank Lester Hagaman               (b. 1894 - d. 1966)  Rep
 8 Jan 1951 - 10 Jan 1955  Edward Ferdinand Arn               (b. 1906 - d. 1998)  Rep
10 Jan 1955 -  3 Jan 1957  Frederick Lee Hall                 (b. 1916 - d. 1970)  Rep
 3 Jan 1957 - 14 Jan 1957  John Berridge McCuish              (b. 1906 - d. 1962)  Rep
14 Jan 1957 -  9 Jan 1961  George Docking                     (b. 1904 - d. 1964)  Dem
 9 Jan 1961 - 11 Jan 1965  John A. Anderson, Jr.              (b. 1917 - d. 2014)  Rep
11 Jan 1965 -  9 Jan 1967  William Henry Avery                (b. 1911 - d. 2009)  Rep
 9 Jan 1967 - 13 Jan 1975  Robert Blackwell Docking           (b. 1925 - d. 1983)  Dem
13 Jan 1975 -  8 Jan 1979  Robert Frederick Bennett           (b. 1927 - d. 2000)  Dem
 8 Jan 1979 - 12 Jan 1987  John William Carlin                (b. 1940)            Dem
12 Jan 1987 - 14 Jan 1991  John Michael Hayden                (b. 1944)            Rep
14 Jan 1991 -  9 Jan 1995  Joan Finney (f)                    (b. 1925 - d. 2001)  Dem
 9 Jan 1995 - 13 Jan 2003  William Preston Graves             (b. 1953)            Rep
13 Jan 2003 - 28 Apr 2009  Kathleen Gilligan Sebelius (f)     (b. 1948)            Dem
28 Apr 2009 - 10 Jan 2011  Mark V. Parkinson                  (b. 1957)            Dem
10 Jan 2011 - 31 Jan 2018  Samuel "Sam" D. Brownback          (b. 1956)            Rep
31 Jan 2018 - 14 Jan 2019  Jeffrey "Jeff" W. Colyer           (b. 1960)            Rep
14 Jan 2019 -              Laura Kelly (f)                    (b. 1950)            Dem


Superintendents of the Central (to 13 Mar 1851, St. Louis) Superintendency
(subordinated to the Commissioners of Indian Affairs; in charge of all Indian
agencies and reservations in Unorganized territory north of present-day Oklahoma;
in St. Louis, Missouri)

1822 -  1 Sep 1838         William Clark                       (b. 1770 - d. 1838)
 
2 Sep 1838 - 29 Mar 1839  George Maguire (acting)             (b. 1796 - d. 1881)
1839 - 1841                Joshua Pilcher                      (b. 1790 - d. 1843)
1841 - 1844                David D. Mitchell (1st time)        (b. 1806 - d. 1891)
1844 - 1849                Thomas H. Harvey                    (b. 1799 - d. 1852)
1849 - 1853                David D. Mitchell (2nd time)        (s.a.)
23 Apr 1853 - 1857         Alfred Cumming                      (b. 1802 - d. 1873)



Kentucky
 
  

[Flag of
                                Commonwealth of Kentucky (U.S.)]
Adopted 26 Mar 1918

 
Map of Kentucky
Hear State Song
"My Old Kentucky Home"
Adopted 19 Mar 1928/
15 Jul 1988

Bluegrass Song
"Blue Moon of Kentucky"
Adopted 15 Jul 1988
State Constitution
(3 Aug 1891)
 Capital: Frankfort
(Lexington 1 Jun 1792-
5 Dec 1792;
Danville 1784-1792;
Harrodsburg 1776-1780;
Boonesborough 1775-1776;
Confederate:
Bowling Green
1861-1865)
Motto: United we stand,
divided we fall
Nickname: Bluegrass State
Population: 4,505,836 (2020)
Mayors of
Louisville
Chronology

17 Mar 1775                Transylvania Company purchases most of 
                             Kentucky from the Cherokee.
23 May 1775 - 31 Dec 1776  Provisional Government of Transylvania is
                             declared (not recognized by Virginia or
                             the U.S. Continental Congress).
31 Dec 1776                Part of Virginia (Kentucke County).
 
1 Nov 1780                Kentucke County divided into Fayette, Jefferson,
                             and Lincoln counties by Virginia.
 3 Sep 1783                Area formally ceded to the U.S. by the U.K.
 7 Mar 1789                Virginia General Assembly officially changed the
                             spelling of Kentucke to Kentucky.
 1 Jun 1792                Commonwealth of Kentucky

16 May 1861 -  7 Sep 1861  Kentucky Declaration of Neutrality resolution
                             passed by the Kentucky Legislature declaring
                             Kentucky officially neutral in U.S. Civil War.
20 Nov 1861                Secession by part of the state,
ruled by a
                             "Provisional Government."
10 Dec 1861 -  9 Apr 1865  Accession of part of the state to the
                             Confederate States of America (not
                             recognized by the U.S.).

 
 
 
 
 
 

President of Provisional Government of Transylvania
23 May 1775 - 31 Dec 1776  Richard Henderson                  (b. 1735 - d. 1785)  Non-party
County Lieutenant of Kentucky County, Virginia
21 Dec 1776 -  1 Nov 1780  Johannes "John" Bowman             (b. 1738 - d. 1784)  Mil
Governors of Kentucky

 4 Jun 1792 -  7 Jun 1796  Isaac Shelby (1st time)            (b. 1750 - d. 1826)  J-R
 7 Jun 1796 -  5 Sep 1804  James Garrard                      (b. 1749 - d. 1822)  J-R
 5 Sep 1804 -  1 Sep 1808  Christopher Greenup                (b. 1750 - d. 1818)  J-R
 1 Sep 1808 - 24 Aug 1812  Charles Scott                      (b. 1739 - d. 1813)  J-R
24 Aug 1812 -  5 Sep 1816  Isaac Shelby (2nd time)            (s.a.)               J-R
 5 Sep 1816 - 19 Oct 1816  George Madison                     (b. 1763 - d. 1816)  J-R
19 Oct 1816 -  7 Sep 1820  Gabriel Slaughter                  (b. 1767 - d. 1830)  J-R
 7 Sep 1820 - 24 Aug 1824  John Adair                         (b. 1757 - d. 1840)  D-R
24 Aug 1824 - 26 Aug 1828  Joseph Desha                       (b. 1768 - d. 1842)  D-R
26 Aug 1828 -  4 Sep 1832  Thomas Metcalfe                    (b. 1780 - d. 1855)  N-R
 4 Sep 1832 - 22 Feb 1834  John Breathitt                     (b. 1786 - d. 1834)  Dem
22 Feb 1834 - 30 Aug 1836  James T. Morehead                  (b. 1797 - d. 1854)  N-R
30 Aug 1836 - 12 Sep 1839  James Clark                        (b. 1779 - d. 1839)  Whg
12 Sep 1839 -  2 Sep 1840  Charles A. Wickliffe               (b. 1788 - d. 1869)  Whg
 2 Sep 1840 -  4 Sep 1844  Robert P. Letcher                  (b. 1788 - d. 1861)  Whg
 4 Sep 1844 -  6 Sep 1848  William Owsley                     (b. 1782 - d. 1862)  Whg
 6 Sep 1848 - 31 Jul 1850  John J. Crittenden                 (b. 1787 - d. 1863)  Whg
31 Jul 1850 -  2 Sep 1851  John L. Helm (1st time)            (b. 1802 - d. 1867)  Whg
 2 Sep 1851 -  4 Sep 1855  Lazarus W. Powell                  (b. 1812 - d. 1867)  Dem
 4 Sep 1855 - 30 Aug 1859  Charles S. Morehead                (b. 1802 - d. 1868)  K-N
30 Aug 1859 - 18 Aug 1862  Beriah Magoffin                    (b. 1815 - d. 1885)  Dem
20 Nov 1861 -  9 Apr 1862  George W. Johnson                  (b. 1811 - d. 1862)  Dem
                             (Confederate provisional governor)
 4 Oct 1862 -  9 Apr 1865  Richard Hawes                      (b. 1797 - d. 1877)  Dem
                             (Confederate provisional governor)
18 Aug 1862 -  1 Sep 1863  James F. Robinson                  (b. 1800 - d. 1882)  Uni
 1 Sep 1863 -  3 Sep 1867  Thomas E. Bramlette                (b. 1817 - d. 1875)  Uni
 3 Sep 1867 -  8 Sep 1867  John L. Helm (2nd time)            (b. 1802 - d. 1867)  Dem

 8 Sep 1867 -  5 Sep 1871  John W. Stevenson                  (b. 1812 - d. 1886)  Dem
 5 Sep 1871 - 31 Aug 1875  Preston H. Leslie                  (b. 1819 - d. 1907)  Dem
31 Aug 1875 -  2 Sep 1879  James B. McCreary (1st time)       (b. 1838 - d. 1918)  Dem
 2 Sep 1879 -  5 Sep 1883  Luke P. Blackburn                  (b. 1816 - d. 1887)  Dem
 5 Sep 1883 - 30 Aug 1887  J. Proctor Knott                   (b. 1830 - d. 1911)  Dem
30 Aug 1887 -  2 Sep 1891  Simon B. Buckner                   (b. 1823 - d. 1914)  Dem
 2 Sep 1891 - 10 Dec 1895  John Young Brown                   (b. 1835 - d. 1904)  Dem
10 Dec 1895 - 12 Dec 1899  William O. Bradley                 (b. 1847 - d. 1914)  Rep
12 Dec 1899 - 31 Jan 1900  William S. Taylor                  (b. 1853 - d. 1928)  Rep
31 Jan 1900 -  3 Feb 1900  William Goebel                     (b. 1856 - d. 1900)  Dem
 3 Feb 1900 - 10 Dec 1907  J.C.W. Beckham                     (b. 1869 - d. 1940)  Dem
10 Dec 1907 - 12 Dec 1911  Augustus E. Willson                (b. 1846 - d. 1931)  Rep
12 Dec 1911 -  7 Dec 1915  James B. McCreary (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Dem
 7 Dec 1915 - 19 May 1919  Augustus O. Stanley                (b. 1867 - d. 1958)  Dem
19 May 1919 -  9 Dec 1919  James Dixon Black                  (b. 1849 - d. 1938)  Dem
 9 Dec 1919 - 11 Dec 1923  Edwin P. Morrow                    (b. 1878 - d. 1935)  Rep
11 Dec 1923 - 13 Dec 1927  William J. Fields                  (b. 1874 - d. 1954)  Dem
13 Dec 1927 -  8 Dec 1931  Flem D. Sampson                    (b. 1873 - d. 1967)  Rep
 8 Dec 1931 - 10 Dec 1935  Ruby Laffoon                       (b. 1869 - d. 1941)  Dem
10 Dec 1935 - 12 Dec 1939  A.B. Chandler (1st time)           (b. 1898 - d. 1991)  Dem
12 Dec 1939 -  7 Dec 1943  Keen Johnson                       (b. 1896 - d. 1970)  Dem
 7 Dec 1943 -  9 Dec 1947  Simeon S. Willis                   (b. 1879 - d. 1965)  Rep
 9 Dec 1947 - 27 Nov 1950  Earle C. Clements                  (b. 1896 - d. 1985)  Dem
27 Nov 1950 - 13 Dec 1955  Lawrence W. Wetherby               (b. 1908 - d. 1994)  Dem
13 Dec 1955 -  8 Dec 1959  A.B. Chandler (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Dem
 8 Dec 1959 - 10 Dec 1963  Bert T. Combs                      (b. 1911 - d. 1991)  Dem
10 Dec 1963 - 12 Dec 1967  Edward T. Breathitt                (b. 1924 - d. 2003)  Dem
12 Dec 1967 -  7 Dec 1971  Louie B. Nunn                      (b. 1924 - d. 2004)  Rep
 7 Dec 1971 -  9 Dec 1975  Wendell H. Ford                    (b. 1924 - d. 2015)  Dem
 9 Dec 1975 - 11 Dec 1979  Julian M. Carroll                  (b. 1931 - d. 2023)  Dem
11 Dec 1979 - 13 Dec 1983  John Y. Brown, Jr.                 (b. 1933 - d. 2022)  Dem
13 Dec 1983 -  8 Dec 1987  Martha Layne Collins (f)           (b. 1936)            Dem
 8 Dec 1987 - 10 Dec 1991  Wallace Wilkinson                  (b. 1941 - d. 2002)  Dem
10 Dec 1991 - 12 Dec 1995  Brereton C. Jones                  (b. 1939 - d. 2023)  Dem
12 Dec 1995 -  9 Dec 2003  Paul Patton                        (b. 1937)            Dem
 9 Dec 2003 - 11 Dec 2007  Ernie Fletcher                     (b. 1952)            Rep
11 Dec 2007 -  8 Dec 2015  Steve Beshear                      (b. 1944)            Dem
 8 Dec 2015 - 10 Dec 2019  Matthew "Matt" Bevin               (b. 1967)            Rep
10 Dec 2019 -              Andrew "Andy" G. Beshear           (b. 1977)            Dem

U.S. Commander of the Department of Kentucky (from 15 Aug 1861, Department of the Cumberland)
28 May 1861 -  7 Oct 1861  Robert Anderson                    (b. 1805 - d. 1871)  Mil
 7 Oct 1861 -  9 Nov 1861  William Tecumseh Sherman           (b. 1820 - d. 1891)  Mil
U.S. Commanders of the Army of the Cumberland
24 Oct 1862 - 19 Oct 1863  William Starke Rosecrans           (b. 1819 - d. 1898)  Mil
19 Oct 1863 -  1 Aug 1865  George Henry Thomas                (b. 1816 - d. 1870)  Mil

U.S. Military Commanders of the District of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio
22 May 1863 - Dec 1863     Jeremiah Tilford Boyle             (b. 1815 - d. 1871)  Mil
Dec 1863 - 15 Feb 1864     Jacob Ammen                        (b. 1806 - d. 1894)  Mil
15 Dec 1864 -  1 Apr 1864  Stephen Gano Burbridge             (b. 1831 - d. 1894)  Mil
U.S. Military Commanders of the District of Kentucky, Department of the Cumberland
17 Jan 1865 - 18 Feb 1865  Stephen Gano Burbridge             (b. 1831 - d. 1894)  Mil
U.S. Military Commanders of the Department of Kentucky
18 Feb 1865 - 21 Jun 1865  John McAuley Palmer (1st time)     (b. 1817 - d. 1900)  Mil
21 Jun 1865 - 27 Jun 1867  Edward Henry Hobson (temporary)    (b. 1825 - d. 1901)  Mil
27 Jun 1867 - 13 Apr 1866  John McAuley Palmer (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Mil
13 Apr 1866 -  5 Jun 1866  Jefferson Columbus Davis           (b. 1838 - d. 1879)  Mil







© Ben Cahoon