The Sudan
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- 1820/22 - 1885
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- 1881/85 - 2 Sep
1898 Mahdiya Flag
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- 2 Sep 1898 - 1 Jan
1956 Joint Flag (U.K.)
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- 19 Jan 1899
- 1 Jan 1956
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Governor-general's Flag
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- 19 Jan 1899
- 10 Dec 1923 Joint Flag (Egypt)
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- 10 Dec 1923 - 1
Jan 1956 Joint Flag (Egypt)
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![[Interim Flag of The
Sudan, 1955] [Interim Flag of The Sudan,
1955]](sd-1955.gif)
- 1955 - 1 Jan
1956 Interim Local Flag
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- 1 Jan 1956 - 20
May 1970
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-
- Adopted 20 May
1970
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Map
of Sudan |
Hear
National Anthem
"Nahnu Djundulla
Djundulwatan"
(We Are the Army of
God and of Our Land)
|
Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 1956 |
Interim
Constitution
(6 Jul 2005)
--------------------------------------
Former Constitutions
(1
Jul 1998 - 6 Jul 2005;
10 Oct 1985 - 30 Jun 1989;
12
Apr 1973 - 6 Apr 1985)
|
Capital:
Khartoum
(Khartoum 1821-1885; Mahdiya:
Omdurman 1881-1898) |
Currency:
Sudanese Pound
(SDG) 1957-1992, 2007-;
Sudanese Dinar (SDD)
1992-9 Jan
2007 |
National
Holiday: 1 Jan (1956)
Eid al-Istiklaal
(Independence Day) |
Population:
45,561,556 (2019)
|
GDP: $177.4 billion
(2017) |
Exports: $4.1 billion
(2017)
Imports: $8.22
billion (2017) |
Ethnic
groups: unspecified Sudanese Arab
(approximately 70%),
Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata
|
Total
Active Armed Forces: 109,300
(2010)
African Union-UN Darfur
Force (UNAMID): 19,442 (2013)
Merchant marine: 17
ships (2019) |
Religions:
Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority
|
International
Organizations/Treaties:
ABEDA, ACP, AfCFTA (signatory), AfDB,
AFESD, AIIB (nonregional),
AL, AMF, AOAD, APM, Arabsat, AU
(suspended), BTWC, CAEU, COMESA, CTBT, CWC,
ESCR, FAO, G-77, GAFTA, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICRM, ICSID, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF,
IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IRENA,
ISA, ISESCO,
ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT,
OIC, OPCW, OPEC
(cooperation), PCA, UN, UNCLOS,
UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO (observer)
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The
Sudan
Index
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Chronology
20 Jul
1820
Egypt under Muhammad Ali begins
conquest of The
Sudan (Dongala 23 Sep 1820,
Shayqiyya 4 Nov 1820,
Berber 5 Mar 1821, Khartoum
area May 1821, Funj
Sultanate of Sinnar 14 Jun
1821, and Kordofan on
19
Aug 1821; later Kassala in
1840, the Upper
White Nile around Fashoda 1855, Suakin
and the
Red Sea coast 1865, Equatoria 26 May
1871,
Darfur 25 Oct 1874).
1821/1822
Annexation by Egypt
(nominally under Ottoman
suzerainty. This era is called Turkish
Sudan
or
the "Turkiyya" [at-Turkiyyah]).
1821
Khartoum (Khartum) founded by Ismail
Pasha son of
Muhammad
Ali.
16 Jan
1858
Slavery abolished by
firman of Khedive
of Egypt.
25 Oct
1874
Darfur annexed by Egyptian Sudan.
29 Jun
1881
Mahdiya established (Mahdi's
"emergence").
26 Jan
1885
Egyptian Sudan fully occupied by the
Mahdiya (fall
of Khartoum).
2
Sep
1898
Mahdiya extinguished by the U.K.
19 Jan
1899
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (initially
spelled "Soudan")
(condominium of Egypt and U.K.).
24 Nov
1924
Egyptian
troops and civil servants withdrawn.
4
Jul 1940 - 17 Jan 1941 Italy
occupies Gallabat, Kassala,
and Kurmak.
9 Jan 1954
Self-government granted by
Egypt-U.K. agreement.
18 Aug
1955 - 27 Mar 1972 First
Sudanese Civil War (Anyanya
rebellion).
1 Jan
1956
Republic of The Sudan (Jumhuriyyat
al-Sudan),
independence.
25 May
1969
Democratic Republic of The Sudan
(Jumhuriyyat
al-Sudan
al-Dimuqratiyya).
5 Jun 1983
- 9 Jan 2005 Second
Sudanese Civil War (Southern rebellion
against the Sudanese government).
15 Dec
1985
Republic of The Sudan (Jumhuriyyat
al-Sudan).
9 Jul 2011
Independence of South Sudan.
|
States
(from 1991) |
Provinces
(1821-1889)
|
Traditional
Polities
|
Abyei Area
|
Darfur
Transitional
Authority
(2007-2016)
|
Map
of Civil War
1983-2005
|
Historical
Maps
of
Sudan
|
|
Egyptian Commanders-in-chief
20 Jul 1820 - 2 Nov 1822 Prince
Ismail Iskander Ali Kamil (b. 1795 - d. 1822)
Pasha
Nov 1822 - 1825
Muhammad Bey Defterdar
(d. 1833)
Governors
1825 - 22 Apr 1826
'Uthman Bey
al-Sharkas
(d.
1826)
1826 (months)
Mahu Urfali Bey
(d. 1828)
1826 - 1836
Ali Khurshid Agha
(b. c.1786 - d. 1845)
(from 1834, Ali Khurshid Pasha)
1836
(months)
.... (acting)
Governors-general (Hakimdar)
1836 - May 1839
Ali Khurshid
Pasha
(s.a.)
May 1839 - Oct 1844
Ahmed Pasha abu Udan
(d.
1844)
1844 - 1846
Ahmed
Pasha al-Manikli
(b.
c.1795 - d. 1862)
1846 - 1850
Khalid Khusraw Pasha
1850 - Jan
1851
'Abd al-Latif
Pasha
(b. c.1805 - d. 1883)
Jan 1851 - May
1852 Rüstem
Pasha Çerkes
(d. 1852)
May 1852 -
1853
Ismail Haqqi Pasha abu Jabal
(b. 1818 - d. 1882)
1853 -
1854
Selim Saib Pasha al-Jazairli
Jul 1854 - Nov
1854 Ali Pasha
Sirri al-Arnaut
(b. 1814 - d. 1866)
1854 - 1856
Ali Pasha al-Sharkas
1856
Prince Muhammad Abdul Halim Pasha (b. 1830 - d.
1894)
Governors
1856 - 1858
Arakil Bey
al-Armani
(b. 1826 - d. 1858)
1858 - 1861
Hasan Salama Bey
(d. 1861)
Jul 1861 - 1863
Muhammad Rasikh Bey
(b. c.1834 - d. 1883)
Governors-general
1863 -
1865
Musa Hamdi Pasha
(b. c.1800 - d. 1865)
1865 - Nov
1865
'Umar Fakhri Bey
(acting)
(d. 1866)
Nov 1865 -
1866
Jafar Sadiq Pasha
(b. 1805 - d. af.1884)
1866 - 5 Feb
1871
Jafar Mazhar Pasha
(d. 1878)
5 Feb 1871 - Oct
1872 Ahmed Mumtaz
Pasha
(b. c.1825 - d. 1874)
Oct 1872 - 1873
Edhem Pasha al-Arifi (acting)
(b. c.1816 - d. af.1872)
1873 - 18 May
1877
Ismail Pasha al-Ayyub
(d. 1884)
May 1877 - Dec
1879 Charles
George Gordon Pasha
(b. 1833 - d. 1885)
(1st time)
Dec 1879 - Feb
1882 Muhammad
Rauf Pasha
(b. c.1832 - d. 1888)
Feb 1882 - May
1882 Carl
Christian Giegler Pasha
(b. 1844 - d. 1921)
(acting)
May 1882 - Mar
1883 'Abd
al-Qadir Hilmi Pasha
(b. 1837 - d. 1908)
Mar 1883 - 5 Nov
1883 'Ala al-Din
Siddiq Pasha
(d. 1883)
5 Nov 1883 - Feb 1884
William Hicks Pasha
(b. 1830 - d. 1884)
Feb 1884 - 18 Feb 1884 Henry
Watts Russell de Coëtlogon (b. 1839 - d. 1908)
Pasha (acting)
18 Feb 1884 - 26 Jan 1885 Charles George
Gordon Pasha (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
Mahdi
29 Jun 1881 - 22 Jun 1885 Muhammad Ahmad
bin Abdullah
(b. 1844 - d. 1885)
Khalifa
22 Jun 1885 - 2 Sep 1898 Abdullah
(`Abd Allah) bin
Muhammad (b. 1846 - d. 1899)
British Military Governor
2 Sep 1898 - 19 Jan 1899
Horatio Herbert
Kitchener,
(b. 1850 - d. 1916)
Baron Kitchener
Governors-general
19 Jan 1899 - 22 Dec 1899 Horatio Herbert
Kitchener,
(s.a.)
Baron Kitchener
22 Dec 1899 - 31 Dec 1916 Sir Francis
Reginald Wingate (b.
1861 - d. 1953)
1 Jan 1917 - 20 Nov 1924
Sir Lee Oliver Fitzmaurice Stack (b. 1868 -
d. 1924)
21 Nov 1924 - 5 Jan 1925 Wasey
Sterry
(acting)
(b. 1866 - d. 1955)
5 Jan 1925 - 6 Jul
1926 Sir Geoffrey Francis
Archer (b.
1882 - d. 1964)
31 Oct 1926 - 10 Jan 1934 Sir John Loader
Maffey
(b. 1877 - d. 1969)
10 Jan 1934 - 19 Oct 1940 Sir George
Stewart
Symes
(b. 1882 - d. 1962)
19 Oct 1940 - 8 Apr 1947 Sir Hubert
Jervoise Huddleston (b. 1880 -
d. 1950)
8 Apr 1947 - 29 Mar 1954
Sir Robert George
Howe
(b. 1893 - d. 1981)
29 Mar 1954 - 12 Dec 1955 Sir Alexander
Knox
Helm
(b. 1893 - d. 1964)
12 Dec 1955 - 1 Jan 1956 Muhammad Ahmad
Abu Rannat (acting) (b. 1902 - d. 1979)
Heads of State
1 Jan 1956 - 17 Nov 1958 (First)
Sovereignty Council
- 'Abd al-Fattah Muhammad
(b. 1903 - d.
1985) Non-party
al-Maghribi
- Muhammad 'Uthman (Osman)
(b.
1896 - d. 1977) Non-party
al-Dardiri
- Ahmad Muhammad Yasin
(b.
1913 - d. 2008) NUP
- Ahmad Muhammad
Salih
(b. 1898 - d. 1973) Non-party
- Siricio Iro Wani
(b. 1919 - d.
1985) Non-party
President of the Supreme Council for the
Armed Forces
17 Nov 1958 - 26 Oct 1964 Ibrahim
'Abbud
(b. 1900 - d. 1983) Mil
Heads of State
26 Oct 1964 - 15 Nov 1964 Ibrahim
'Abbud
(s.a.)
Mil
15 Nov 1964 - 5 Dec 1964 Sirr
al-Khatim al-Khalifa
(b. 1919 - d.
2006) Non-party
al-Hasan (acting)
5 Dec 1964 - 10 Jun 1965 (Second)
Sovereignty Council
- 'Abd al-Halim Muhammad (1st time)(b. 1910 - d. 2009)
Umma
(president 1-30 Apr 1965)
- al-Tijani al-Mahi
(b.
1911 - d. 1970) NUP
(president 1-28 Feb 1965)
- Mubarak al-Fadil Shaddad
(b. 1915 - d. 198.) Non-party
(president 1-31 Jan 1965 and 1-10 Jun 1965)
- Ibrahim Yusuf Sulayman
(b. 1908 - d. 1982) PDP
(to 31 May 1965; president 6-31 Dec 1964 and 1-31 May
1965)
- Luigi Adwok Bong Gicomeho
(b. 1929 - d. 2010)
SF
(1st time)(from 6 Dec 1964; president 1-31 Mar
1965)
10 Jun 1965 - 8 Jul 1965 (Third)
Sovereignty Council
- Ismail Ahmad
al-Azhari
(b. 1900 - d. 1969) NUP
(president from 12 Jun 1965)
- Abdullah al-Fadil
al-Mahdi (b. 1892 -
d. 1966) Umma
- Luigi Adwok Bong Gicomeho
(s.a.)
SF
(2nd time)(to 14 Jun 1965)
- 'Abd al-Halim Muhammad (2nd time)(s.a.)
Mil
- Khidr Hamad
(b. 1908 - d. 1970) NUP
- Philemon
Majok (from 5 Jul 1965) (b. 1905 - d.
1982) NUP
President of the Supreme Council of State
8 Jul 1965 - 25 May 1969
Ismail Ahmad
al-Azhari
(s.a.)
NUP
Presidents of the Revolutionary Command
Council
25 May 1969 - 19 Jul 1971 Jafar Muhammad
al-Nimeiry
(b. 1930 - d. 2009) Mil
(1st time)
19 Jul 1971 - 22 Jul 1971 Babikr al-Nur 'Uthman
(Osman) (b. 1935 - d.
1971) Mil
(remained outside country)
19 Jul 1971 - 22 Jul 1971 Hashim al-'Atta
(b. 1936 - d. 1971) Mil
(acting for 'Uthman)
22 Jul 1971 - 12 Oct 1971 Jafar
Muhammad al-Nimeiry
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
President
12 Oct 1971 - 6 Apr 1985 Jafar Muhammad al-Nimeiry
(s.a.)
Mil;1972 SSU
Commander-in-chief of
the People's Armed Forces
6 Apr 1985 - 9 Apr 1985
'Abd al-Rahman Suwar al-Dhahab (b.
1934 - d. 2018) Mil
President of the Transitional
Military Council
9 Apr 1985 - 6 May 1986 'Abd
al-Rahman Suwar al-Dhahab (s.a.)
Mil
President of the Sovereignty
Council
6 May 1986 - 30 Jun 1989
Ahmad 'Ali
al-Mirghani
(b. 1941 - d. 2008) DUP
President of the Revolutionary Command Council for
National Salvation
30 Jun 1989 - 16 Oct 1993 'Umar Hasan
Ahmad al-Bashir (b.
1944)
Mil
President
16 Oct 1993 - 11 Apr 2019 'Umar
Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir
(s.a.)
Mil;1996 NCP
Presidents of the Transitional
Military Council
11 Apr 2019 - 12 Apr 2019
Ahmad Awad ibn
Auf
(b. 1954)
Mil
12 Apr 2019 - 20 Aug 2019 'Abd al-Fattah
'Abd al-Rahman (b. 1960)
Mil
Burhan
Head of State
20 Aug 2019 - 25 Oct 2021 (Fourth)
Sovereignty Council
- 'Abd al-Fattah 'Abd
al-Rahman (s.a.)
Mil
Burhan (1st time)(president)
- Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo "Hemeti"
(b. 1975?)
Mil
(1st time)
- Yasser Abdul Rahman Hassan
Mil
al-Atta (1st time)
- Shams al-Din al-Khabashi
(b. 1961)
Mil
- Ibrahim Jabir Karim (1st time)
Mil
- Aisha
Musa el-Said (f) (b.
c.1940) FFC
(to 22 May 2021)
- Siddiq Tawer Kafi
(b.
1959)
HBS
- Muhammad al-Faki
Suleiman (b.
1979)
UR
- Hassan Sheikh Idris
Umma
- Muhammad Hasan Osman
al-Ta'ishi (b. 1973)
FFC
- Raja Nicola Issa Abdel-Masih (f) (b.
c.1957)
Non-party
(1st time)
- Taha Osman
Ishaq
FFC
- Malik Agar (1st time)
SPLM-N/A
(from 8 Mar 2021)
- El Hadi Idris (1st time)
SLM-TC
(from 8 Mar 2021)
- El Tahir Hajar (1st time)
SLMJ-K
(from 8 Mar 2021)
Commander-in-chief of the Armed
Forces
25 Oct 2021 - 11 Nov 2021 'Abd
al-Fattah 'Abd al-Rahman
(s.a.)
Mil
Burhan
Head of State
11 Nov 2021 -
(Fifth)
Transitional Sovereignty Council
- 'Abd al-Fattah 'Abd
al-Rahman (s.a.)
Mil
Burhan (2nd time)(president)
- Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo "Hemeti"
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
- Yasser Abdul Rahman Hassan
Mil
al-Atta (2nd time)
- Shams al-Din al-Khabashi
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
- Ibrahim Jabir Karim (2nd time)
Mil
- Abu al-Qassem Bortoum
(b. 1965?)
- Salma Abdul Jabbar al-Mubarak
Musa (f)
- Youssef Karim
- Abdel
Baqi al-Zubair
- Raja Nicola Issa Abdel-Masih (f) (s.a.)
Non-party
(2nd time)
- Malik Agar (2nd time)
SPLM-N/A
- El Hadi Idris (2nd time)
SLM-TC
- El Tahir Hajar (2nd time)
SLMJ-K
Prime ministers
9 Jan 1954 - 8 Jul
1956 Ismail Ahmad
al-Azhari
(s.a.)
NUP
8 Jul 1956 - 18 Nov 1958
Abdullah
Khalil
(b. 1892 - d. 1970) Umma
18 Nov 1958 - 31 Oct
1964 Ibrahim
'Abbud
(s.a.)
Mil
31 Oct 1964 - 14 Jun
1965 Sirr al-Khatim al-Khalifa al-Hasan
(s.a.)
Non-party
14 Jun 1965 - 4 Aug
1966 Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub (1st time) (b.
1908 - d. 1976) Umma
4 Aug 1966 - 18 May 1967
Sadiq al-Mahdi (1st
time)
(b. 1935 - d. 2020) Umma
18 May 1967 - 25 May
1969 Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Umma
25 May 1969 - 27 Oct
1969 Babikr Awadallah
(b. 1917 - d. 2019)
Non-party
28 Oct 1969 - 11 Aug
1976 Jafar Muhammad al-Nimeiry
(s.a.)
Mil;1972 SSU
(1st time)
11 Aug 1976 - 10 Sep
1977 Rashid
Bakr
(b. 1930 - d. 1988) SSU
10 Sep 1977 - 6 Apr
1985 Jafar Muhammad al-Nimeiry
(s.a.)
SSU
(2nd time)
6 Apr 1985 -
25 Apr 1985 Vacant
25 Apr 1985 - 6 May 1986
al-Jazuli Dafallah al-'Aqab
(b.
1935)
Non-party
6 May 1986 -
30 Jun 1989 Sadiq al-Mahdi (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Umma
30 Jun 1989 - 2 Mar 2017 Post
abolished
2 Mar 2017 - 10 Sep 2018 Bakri Hasan
Saleh
(b. 1949) NCP
10 Sep 2018 - 22 Feb 2019 Mutaz Musa
Abdullah
(b. 1967)
NCP
24 Feb 2019 - 11 Apr 2019 Muhammad
Tahir Ayla
(b.
1951) NCP
11 Apr 2019 - 21 Aug 2019 Vacant
21 Aug 2019 - 25 Oct 2021 Abdalla Hamdok (1st
time) (b. 1956)
Non-party
25 Oct 2021 - 21 Nov 2021
Vacant
21 Nov 2021 - 19 Jan 2022 Abdalla
Hamdok (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
19 Jan 2022
-
Osman Hussein Osman
(acting) (b. 1951)
Non-party
Territorial Disputes: The effects of Sudan's
ethnic and rebel militia fighting since the mid-20th
century have penetrated all of the neighboring states;
Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the
Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border
monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce
cross-border banditry and violence; as of early 2019,
more than 590,000 Sudanese refugees are being hosted in
the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Kenya, and South Sudan; Sudan, in turn, is hosting more
than 975,000 refugees and asylum seekers, including more
than 845,000 from South Sudan; Sudan accuses South Sudan
of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; Sudan claims but
Egypt de facto administers security and economic
development of the Halaib region north of the 22nd
parallel boundary; periodic violent skirmishes with
Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist
among related pastoral populations along the border with
the Central African Republic; South Sudan-Sudan boundary
represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment
pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty
status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South
Sudan and Sudan.
Party abbreviations: DUP
= al-Hizb al-Ittihadi al-Dimuqrati (Democratic Unionist
Party, secularist, center-right, merger of NUP and PDP,
est.Dec 1967); FFC = Forces of Freedom and
Change (wide political coalition of civilian and rebel
coalitions of Sudanese groups, est.1 Jan 2019);
Umma =
Hizb al-Umma (Community of the Believers Party,
Sudanese nationalist, Islamist centrist, est.Feb 1945);
HBS = Hizb al-Ba'ath al-Sudani (Sudanese Ba'ath
Party, Baathist, split from Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party,
est.2002); UR = Unionist Rally; Mil =
Military;
- Former parties: NCP
= al-Mu'tamar al-Watani (National Congress Party, Arab
nationalist, Islamist conservative, state party
1996-2000, 1996-28 Nov 2019); NUP
= National Unionist Party (social
democratic, federalist, supported unity of the Nile
Valley, 1952-Dec 1967, merged into DUP); PDP =
People's Democratic Party (split from NUP, Jun
1956-Dec 1967, merged into
DUP); SF
= Southern Front (Southern Sudan regionalist,
1964-1969); SLMJ-K = Sudan
Liberation Movement for Justice-Karbino (Darfur
regionalist, Zaghawa ethnic, split from SLM by Ali
Karbino, part of Sudan Revolutionary Front, est.2009);
SLM-TC = Sudan Liberation Movement -
Transitional Council (ethnic Fur, split from Sudan
Liberation Army-Abdul Wahid, member of Sudan
Revolutionary Front, est.2015);
SPLM-N/A = Sudan People's Liberation
Movement-North/Agar (SPLM-N Malik Agar personalist,
Blue Nile and South Kordofan regionalist, split from
SPLM-N, part of Sudan Revolutionary Front, est.2017);
SSU = Al-Ittihad
Al-Ishtiraki Al-Sudaniy (Sudanese
Socialist Union, Arab nationalist,
socialist, 1971-85 state party of Sudan, 1971-1985)
Abyei Area Administration
-
- Abyei Special Admin. Area
Flag
|
|
Map
of Abyei Area |
Capital: Abyei Town |
Population: 124,390 (2014)
UNISFA Force: 3,687 (2021)
|
4 Jan
2008
South Sudan appoints Edward Lino Wuor to administer
the Abyei
district until the formation of the
permanent administration.
31 Aug 2008
Abyei Area Administration formed in
disputed region between
Southern
Sudan and government of Sudan.
9 Jan 2011
Proposed referendum on
joining South Sudan, postponed
indefinitely.
21 May 2011 - 27 Jun 2011 Occupied by
The Sudan.
27-29 Oct 2013
Unilateral referendum held by Ngok Dinka,
99% vote to
join
South Sudan (not recognized).
Jul
2015
Renamed Abyei Special Administrative
Area.
Chiefs of Administration
4 Jan 2008 - 31 Aug 2008 Edward
Lino Wuor
(b. 1946 - d. 2020) SPLM
31 Aug 2008 - 30 Dec 2009 Arop Mayak Mony
Toc
SPLM
30 Dec 2009 - 21 May 2011 Deng Arop Kuol
(1st time)
SPLM
21 May 2011 - 27 Jun
2011 Ahmed Hussein al-Imam
NCP
27 Jun 2011 - 21 May 2013 Deng Arop Kuol
(2nd
time)
SPLM
May 2013 – May 2015
Kuol Monyluak Dak (acting)
SPLM
24 May 2015 - 6 Feb 2017 Chol Deng Alak
(b. 1955)
SPLM
6 Feb 2017 - 29 Jun 2020 Kuol Alor
Jok
SPLM
29 Jun 2020
-
Kuol Deim
Kuol
SPLM
Commanders of United Nations Interim Security
Force for Abyei (UNISFA)
27 Jul 2011 - 24 Jan 2013 Tadesse Werede
Tesfay (Ethiopia) (b. 1958)
12 Mar 2013 - 19 Jun 2014 Yohannes
Gebremeskel Tesfamariam (b. 1960)
(Ethiopia)
21 Nov 2014 - 20 Jan 2016 Birhanu Jula
Gelalcha (Ethiopia) (b. 1965)
20 Jan 2016 - 17 Feb 2017 Hassen Ebrahim
Mussa (Ethiopia) (b. 1966)
17 Feb 2017 - 21 Mar 2017 Zewdu Kiros Gebrekidan
(f)(acting)
(Ethiopia)
21 Mar 2017 - 23 Apr 2018 Tesfay Gidey
Hailemichael (b. 1965)
(Ethiopia)
23 Apr 2018 - 23 Apr 2019 Gebre
Adhana Woldezgu (Ethiopia) (b. 1963)
23 Apr 2019 - 7 Jul 2020 Mehari Zewde
Gebremariam (Ethiopia)(b. 1965)
7 Jul 2020 - 15 Mar 2022 Kefyalew Amde
Tessema (Ethiopia) (b. 1969)
15 Mar 2022
-
Benjamin Olufemi Sawyerr (Nigeria)
Party abbreviations: NCP
= al-Mu'tamar al-Watani (National Congress Party, Arab
nationalist, Islamist conservative, state party
1996-2000, est.1996); SPLM = Sudan
People's Liberation Movement (pro-southern autonomy,
political arm of Sudan Peoples' Liberation Army,
est.1983)
Southern Sudan: see South Sudan
© Ben Cahoon
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