South African Traditional States
Note: During the Apartheid era the chiefdoms
were recognized as the Tribal Authorities under the Native
Administration Act of 1927. Under this Act by 1948 the
Tribal Authorities were organized into Native Councils (14
in Transvaal, 2 in British Bechuanaland, 3 in Natal, 8 in
Ciskei) and Transkei General Council. The Bantu
Authorities Act of 1951 changed this arrangement. As of
1959 there were 324 Tribal Authorities (123 of them were
in Transkei), that were organized into 16 Regional
Authorities (9 of them were in Transkei, forming the
Transkei General Council, others followed ethnic lines),
headed by "paramount" or dominant chiefs. The Transkei
General Council and Regional Authorities served as basis
in forming of the Black Homelands starting from 1959 on.
At the same time the Regional Authorities (increased to 47
by 1962) and Tribal Authorities (increased to 415 by 1962)
continued as subdivisions of the Homelands.
amaHlubi
c.1300
amaHlubi found
a kingdom.
11 Dec
1873
Incorporated into Cape Colony.
Chiefs (title Nkosi)
1675 - 1710
Dlomo
II
1710 - 1720
Mashiya
1735 - 1760
Ntsele
kaMashiya
(d. c.1760)
1760 - 1800
Bhungane II kaNtsele
(d.
c.1800)
1800 - 1818
Mthimkhulu kaBhungane
(d. c.1818)
1818 -
1825
Mpangazitha ka Bhungane
(d.
c.1825)
(= Pakalita)
1825 - 1839
Mahwanqa kaBhungane
(d. 183.)
1839 - 24 Jan 1889
Langalibalele I kaMthimkhulu
(b. 1818 - d. 1889)
(= Mthethwa)
1889 - 1897
Interregnum
1897 - 23 Nov 1910
Siyephu kaLangalibalele (=Mandiza)(b. 18.. - d.
1910)
1910 -
1926
Interregnum
1926 - 1956
Tatazela kaSiyephu (= Mthunzi)
1956 - 1968
Mshikashika Hadebe -Regent
(d. 1968)
1968 - 1974
Johnson Hadebe -Regent
1974 -
Muziwenkosi
Johannes Hadeba
kaTatazela Langalibalele II
baLobedu
Note: The ancestors of the Rain Queens
were initially the Rulers of Monomatapa, a grandson of one
of these Mwene Mutapas was
Dzugudini c.1589, eponymous founder of a tribe which
flourished till the early 1800's, Mugodo, the ruling chief
fathered the first Rain Queen purportedly by his own
daughter. Subsequent Rain Queens have been descended from
the first Queen.
....
ba Lobedu ba gaModjadji
a tribe of the Northern
Sotho found a kingdom.
Rulers (title Modjadji)("Rain
Queens")
c.1800 - 1854
Maselekwane (Modjadji I)(f)
(d. 1854)
1854 - 1894
Masalanabo (Modjadji II)(f)
(d. 1894)
1895 -
1959
Khesetoane (Modjadji III)(f)
(b. 1869 - d. 1959)
1959 - 1980
Makoma (Modjadji IV)(f)
(b. 1905 - d. 1980)
1981 - 28 Jun
2001
Mokope (Modjadji V)(f)
(b. 1936 - d. 2001)
28 Jun 2001 - 12 Jun 2005 Makobo (Modjadji
VI)(f) (b.
1978 - d. 2005)
2005 -
Mpapatla Modjadji -Regent
(b. 1981)
kwaNdebele
Chiefs/Kings
....
Magodongo (Mphekgu)
....
Siboko
1826?
Mabhôgô a Magodongo Mahlangu
c.1826 - 1839
Somdeyi (acting)
(d. 1839)
1839 -
1860
Mkhepula Soqaleni Sonyengele
Cornelius I a Mabhôgô Mahlangu
1860 -
1863
Gabongo a Mabhôgô Mahlangu
(acting)
1863 - 19 Dec
1902
Nyabêla a Mabhôgô
Mahlangu
(b. 1825/30 - d. 1902)
1902 -
1921
Fene a Mkhepula Mahlangu
(d. 1921)
1921 -
1961
Mayitjha I Cornelius II
(d. 1961)
1961 - 6 Jul
1992
David Mabusa Mabhôgô
Mahlangu (d. 1992)
1992 - 30 Jun
2005
Mayitjha II Cornelius III
(b.
1947 - d. 2005)
2005 - 2007
Mabhôgô III Mbusi
Mahlangu (b. 1985)
2007
Sililo Johannes
Mahlangu -Regent
(b. 1953)
2007 -
Chillies Mahlangu
(b. 1970)
("Tribal Authority")
baPedi
Chiefs/Kings
.... -
1790?
Morwamothse
(d. 1790?)
1790? -
1824
Thulare a
Morwamothse
(d. 1824)
(= Madile or Mampuru "Sepitle-sa-Mangana")
1824 -
1825
Malekutu I a Thulare
1824 -
1825
Makgeru a Thulare (rival ruler)
1825 -
1826
Phethedi a Thulare
1825 -
1826
Mothodi a Morwamothse (rival ruler)
1827 - 20 Sep
1861
Sekwati I a
Thulare
(b. 1780 - d. 1861)
1861
Mampuru a Sekwati (1st
time) (b. 1824/27 -
d. 1883)
1861 - 2 Dec
1879
Sekhkhune I a Sekwati (1st time) (b. 1814 -
d. 1882)
Dec 1879 -
1881
Mampuru a Sekwati (2nd
time) (s.a.)
+ Ramoroka (acting)
1881 - 13 Aug
1882
Sekhkhune I a Sekwati (2nd time) (s.a.)
Split into two ruling lines:
(1)
1882 -
....
Kgolokwe a Sekwati (acting)
.... - 1 Jun
1943
Sekhkhune II a
Morwamothse
(d. 1943)
1 Jun 1943 -
1944
Phatudi a Morwamothse (acting)
1944 -
1968
Morwamothse II a
Sekhkhune (d.
1968)
1968 - 27 Mar
1975
Mankopodi (f) -Queen regent
(d. af.1975)
1975 -
1976
Rhyne Thulare Sekhukhune (acting) (b. c.1946)
1976 -
1989
Kenneth Kgagudi Sekhkhune III
(b. c.1950)
(1st time)
1989 -
1991
Rhyne Thulare
Sekhukhune
(s.a.)
1991
-
Kenneth Kgagudi Sekhkhune III
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
(2)
1883 -
1905?
Malekutu II a
Mampuru
(d. 1905?)
1905 -
1978?
Sekwati II a
Malekutu
(d. 1978?)
1978
-
Billy Mampuru Sekwati
III (b.
1966)
baTswana
Note: This record contains
baTswana groups other than those recorded under Botswanan traditional
polities. The baTlhaping split before 1800 into
baTlhaping bagaPhuduhudu and baTlhaping
bagaPhuduhutswane.
(1) baTlhaping
bagaPhuduhudu
Chiefs (title Kgôsi)
....
Mabogole a Maditlhong
....
Motshabi a Mabogole
....
Mmolawa a Ditlhong a Motshabi
1885?
Mere a Mmolawa (Molehe a Mmolawa)
1895 - 9 Apr
1910
Gaseemelwe a Mere
(b. c.1850 - d. 1910)
1910 - 1 Oct
1925
Mabogole a Mere (acting)
(b. c.1850 - d. 1932)
1 Oct 1925 - 1 Apr 1933 Lerumo a
Ditêu a Gaseemelwe (b. 1886 - d.
1945)
1 Sep 1933 - 21 May 1962 Omang Gaseemelwe
(b. 1900 - d. 1962)
22 May 1962 - 15 Feb 1969 Gaseemelwe
Gilbert
(b. 1927 - d. 1969)
1969 -
1970
Gasebodiwe Nkosang Mere (acting) (b. 1906 - d.
1976)
(2) baTlhaping
bagaPhuduhutswane
Chiefs (title Kgôsi)
1775 - Mar
1812
Molehabangwe a Maswe
Mar 1812 -
1839
Mothibi a Molehabangwe
Split into four ruling lines:
(2-1)
1839 -
....
Molale a Molehabangwe
.... -
....
Mahura a Molehabangwe (acting)
Split into two lines:
(2-1-1)
1850? -
1891
Mankurwane a Molale
1891 -
....
Nolale a Mankurwane
1950?
Kgosietsile a Molale
(2-1-2)
.... - 7 Mar
1906
Mase a Mahura
(d.
1906)
2 May 1906 - 12 Jun 1918
Tholotitane a Mase
(d. 1918)
13 Jul 1918 - 11 Jul 1933 Goabakwe Gert
Bogosing a Mase (b.
1872 - d. 1933)
11 Jul 1933 - 1 Oct 1933 Kgosimodipa a
Mahura (acting) (b.
1878 - d. 19..)
1 Oct 1933 - 25 Jun 1958
Lekwe Mahura a Goabakwe
(b. 1904 - d. 1958)
25 Jun 1958 - 5 Nov 1958 Rankalaka
a Mahura (acting)
5 Nov 1958 - ....
Modisakgomo
George Vantrude (b.
1925)
Mahura a Goabakwe
(2-2)
1839 -
1884
Saku a Molehabangwe
1884 - May
1906
Tlhaganyane a Saku
25 May 1906 - 1 Apr 1951 Pulêlô
Johnson a Tlhaganyane (d.
1953)
1 Apr 1951 - ....
Kain Alfred
Tlhaganyane a Pulêlô (b. 1901 - d. ....)
(2-3)
1839 - 13 Aug
1858
Gasebonwe a Mothibi
(probably acting for demented Phethuetsile a Mothibi)
1858 -
1885?
Botlhasitse a Gasebonwe
1895? -
1927
Galesiwe a Botlhasitse
(2-4)
1839 -
1884
Yanke a Mothibi (= Jantje)
1884 -
....
Mpolokeng Luka a Yanke
....
-
Olebile De Voljk a Yanke
(3)baTlôkwa
Chiefs (title Kgôsi)
.... -
....
MmaMane (f) (acting)
.... -
1817
Mokotjo
1817 -
1824
Monyale a Mothaba (f)(acting)
(later called MmaNtatise Sia Mosayane)
1824 - Jul
1856
Sekonyela a Mokotjo
Jul 1856 -
....
Leligoanna + Lehana
(4)baRôlông
baRratlou
1885
Incorporated into Cape Colony (Bechuanaland).
Chiefs (title Kgôsi)
.... -
....
Rratlou a Tau
Split into baRôlông baRratlou booMariba and baRôlông
baRratlou booSeitshiro:
(4-1) baRôlông
baRratlou booMariba
.... -
....
Mariba a Rratlou
.... -
....
Mokalala a Rratlou
Split into two ruling lines:
(4-1-1)
.... -
....
Moamogwê a Mariba
.... -
....
Molalê a Moamogwê (acting)
.... -
1873
Maiketso a Moamogwê (acting to ....)
1873 -
....
Bonokwane a Maiketso (acting)
.... -
1925
Marumolwa a Mothibi
1925 -
1938
Lekôkô a Marumolwa
1938 -
1942
Sebalamonokwane a Lekôkô (acting)
1942 - ....
Dintsa a Marumolwa (acting)
(b. 1904 - d. ....)
(4-1-2)
.... - c.1833
Motshware a
Mariba
(d. c.1833)
c.1833 - c.1883
Makgobi a
Motshware
(d. c.1883)
c.1883 - 1909
Makgobi Motsewakhumo a
Makgobi (d. 1909)
1909 - Jun 1915
Makgobi a
Motsewakhumo
(b. 1864 - d. 1915)
30 Oct 1915 - 30 Jul 1933 Kgositau a
Motsewakhumo
(d. 1933)
(acting to 1923)
1933 - 1955
Tshipitôta a
Kgositau
(b. 1895 - d. 1955)
19.. - 19..
Selohile John Motsewakhumo
19.. - 1997
Mmoledi (acting)
1997
-
Sandyland
Motsewakhumo
(4-2) baRôlông
baRratlou booSeitshiro
.... -
....
Seitshiro a Rratlou
.... - 10 Jun
1823
Mosweu a
Seitshiro
(d. 1823)
1823 -
1835
Tsia a Mosweu (acting)
1835 -
1840
Matlhaku a Sekgwê
1840 -
1853
Gontse a
Mokôtô
(d. 1853)
1853 -
1870
Masisi a Matlhaku
1870 -
1871
Mosêtlhê a Sekgwê
1871 -
1904
Moswêtê a
Sekgoro
(b. 1821 - d. 1904)
1904 -
1944
Kgosi Aaron a Moswêtê
(b. 1865 -
d. 1944)
1944 -
1949
Oabile Benjamin Moswêtê a Kgosi (b.
1897 - d. 1964)
(1st time)(acting)
1949 -
1957
Kgosi Gilbert Aaron Moswêtê
(b. 1921)
6 Mar 1958 - 1964
Oabile
Benjamin Moswêtê a Kgosi (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
8 Mar 1964 - 19..
Levi
Mandlakaize Moswêtê
(b. 1907 - d. 19..)
15 Dec 1975 - 11 Feb 1984 Kgosi Gilbert
Aaron a Sekgoro Ruben(b. 1946)
.... -
Mogawane Simon
(5) baRôlông
baSeleka
Jul
1884
Incorporated into Orange Free State.
Chiefs (title Kgôsi)
1777 -
1785
Seleka a
Tau
(b. 1720 - d. 1775)
1785 -
1794
Mpolokang "Koikoi" a Seleka
1794 -
1800
Morôka I a
Mpolokang
(d. 1800)
1800 -
1805
Mokgosi a
Morôka
(d. 1805)
1805 -
1829
Sehunêlô a Morôka
(acting)
(b. 1770 - d. 1829)
1829 -
1830
Setile a Mokgosi
1830 - 8 Apr
1880
Morôka II a
Sehunêlô
(b. c.1795 - d. 1880)
8 Apr 1880 - 10 Jul 1884
Samuel Tshipinare a
Morôka
(b. 1827 - d. 1884)
10 Jul 1884 -
1912
Robert Tawana a Tshipinare
1912 - ....
Setlogêlô a Tawana
1 May 1941 - 31 May 1955 Setlogêlô
Albert
Morôka
(d. 1955)
26 Sep 1956 -
19..
Maria Moipone Morôka (f) -Regent
+ Benjamin Kebalepile
Morôka (d. 19..)
(manager tribal affairs)(to 19..)
19.. - 1991
Phillip Robert Tawana Mokgôpa
(b. 1956 - d. 1991)
(6) baRôlông
baRrapulana
1885
Incorporated into Cape Colony (Bechuanaland).
Chiefs (title Kgôsi)
.... -
....
Rrapulana a Tau
.... -
....
Modise a Rrapulana (acting)
.... -
....
Molêkane a Rrapulana
.... -
1836
Makgwa a Molêkane
1836 - 4 Nov
1879
Matlaba a
Makgwa
(d. 1879)
1879 -
1887
Swedintle a Matlaba
1887 -
1901
Mokgothu Andries a Matlaba (acting)
1901 -
1909
Montshusi a Matlaba (acting)
(d. 1933)
1909 - 26 May
1936
Israel Makgwa Ramolekane a
(b. 1881 - d. 1936)
Swedintle
1936 -
1948
Paul Matlaba Matlaba a Swedintle (d. 1948)
(acting)
1948 - 24 Nov 1963
Solomon
Gabriel Swedintle Matlaba (b.
1909 - d. 1963)
a Makgwa
28 Mar 1965 -
1978
Jeremia Masebe Matlaba (acting)
(b. 1932)
9 Sep 1978 -
Makgwa Lekgêthô
David Matlaba (b. 1954)
(7) baHhurutshe
(split before 1800 into two ruling lines)
1885
Incorporated into Cape Colony (Bechuanaland).
Chiefs (title Kgôsi)
(7-1)
.... -
....
Modisane a Phatshwane
.... -
1827
Motshwiri a Modisane
1827 -
1878
Mangope a Motshwiri
1878 -
1893
Kontle a Mangope
1893 -
....
Mosielele a Kntle
....
-
Hermann Mangope a Mosielele
(7-2)
.... -
....
Moilwa a Tirwê
.... -
....
Dibetswe a Moilwa
.... -
....
Sebogodi a Moilwa
.... -
....
Diutlwileng a Moilwa
.... -
....
Mokgatlha a Moilwa (= Mosimanyane a Moilwa)
.... -
....
Moilwa a Sebogodi (acting)
Split into baHhurutshe ba booMokgatlha and baHhurutshe
bagaMoilwa:
(7-2-1) baHhurutshe
ba booMokgatlha
.... -
....
Mekgwê a Mokgatlha
.... -
....
Senosi a Mekgwê
1874?
Mooketsi a Senosi
18.. -
1889
Mokgatlha a Mooketsi
1889 -
1892
Lesomô a Mokgatlha
1892 - 24 Aug
1933
Thêbêyatlhaywa Mooketsi a Lesomô
21 Dec 1933 - ....
Nôgê Mooketsi a Thêbêyatlhaywa
(7-2-2) baHhurutshe
bagaMoilwa
.... -
....
Moilwa a Sebogodi
.... - Mar
1880
Gôpane a Menwê
Split into two ruling lines:
(7-2-2-1)
Mar 1880 - 24 Jun 1893 Moilwa
Ikalafeng a Sebogodi
(d. 1893)
1894 -
1906
Israel Keobusitse Moilwa a Sebogodi
(acting)
1906 - 17 Oct
1918
Abraham Pogiso Moilwa a Ikalafeng (b.
c.1873 - d. 19..)
1919 -
1932
Alfred Ramokhutshwane a Ikalafeng
(acting)
1932 - Feb 1958
Abraham Grant Ramotsere Pogiso
(b. 1910 - d. 1982)
Moilwa (1st time)
(from Feb 1958, in Botswana exile)
21 Apr 1960 - 19 Jul 1971 Israel Keobusitse
1971 - 1975
Abraham Grant Ramotsere
Pogiso (s.a.)
Moilwa (2nd time)
1975
-
....
(7-2-2-2)
Mar 1880 - 26 Sep 1904 Gôpane
a Menwê
1904 -
1907
Tom Mokgatlha a Lentswe (acting) (b.
1854 - d. 1907)
1907 - 1918
Samuel Rampeile a Lentswe
(b. 1858 - d. 1920)
(1st time) (acting)
1919 - 19 Oct 1920
Kgajê David Menwê a Rrakgaje
(b. 1886 - d. 1920)
1920
Samuel Rampeile a Lentswe
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
1920 -
1921
Sulenyane -Administrator
Split into two ruling lines:
(7-2-2-2-1)
1921 - 1 Jan
1934
Jairus Yanjo a Gôpane
(b. 1896 - d. 1934)
2 Aug 1934 - 10 Nov 1938 Tom Gôpane a
Gôpane (acting)
10 Nov 1938 - 19..
Alfred
Ntlatsang Jairus Gôpane (b. 1913
- d. ....)
a Jairus
19.. -
19..
Tsholofelô
(f) (acting)
(7-2-2-2-2) baHhurutshe
bagaLentswe
1921 -
1924
Kgajê
Oct 1924 - 1939
Mpolokang Menwê a Rrakgaje
(b. 1892 - d. 19..)
(acting)
Jul 1939 - 3 Aug 1949
Henry Lentswê a
Mokgatlha (acting)(b. 1906 - d. 19..)
3 Aug 1949 - ....
Edward
Keleramang Ramokopane (b. 1922)
Lentswê a Kgaje
(8) baFokeng
-
- Former Flag
|
-
- Current Flag
|
Chiefs (title Kgôsi)
c.1700
Sekete III
c.1750
Diale
17.. - 17..
Ramorwa
c.1790
Sekete IV
.... - ....
Thethe
1834 - 1891
August Mokgatle
(d. 1891)
1891 - 1896
Tumagole
1897 - 1938
Molotlegi
1938 - 1956
Manotshe
(b. c.1900 - d. 1956)
1956 - 17 Nov 1995
Edward Patrick Lebone Molotlegi
I (b. 1928 - d. 1995)
(in Botswana exile 1988-1994)
1988 - 1994
Mokgwaro George Molotlegi (usurper)
(b. 1936 - d. 1997)
17 Nov 1995 - 29 Mar 2000 Mollwane
Boikanyo Lebone Molotlegi II (b. 1965 - d. 2000)
29 Mar 2000 -
Leruo Tshekedi Molotlegi
(b. 1968)
vhaVenda
Paramount chiefs (title Khosikhulu)
.... -
....
Vele-Lambeho Dimbanyika
.... - c.1790
Phophi Thoho-ya-Ndou wa
(d. c.1790)
Dimbanyika (= Masindi)
Split into three ruling lines:
(1)
c.1790 - ....
Tshikalanga Rampofu wa
Thoho-ya-Ndou
.... -
....
Ramavhoya wa Rampofu
.... -
1864
Tshigebeti Ramapulana wa Rampofu (d. 1864)
(= Ravhele)
1864
Davhana wa Ramapulana
1864 -
1895
Makhado wa
Ramavhoya
(b. c.1825 - d. 1895)
1895 -
1896
Maemu Malise wa Makhado
1896 - 1898
Mphephu Ahlilali Tshilamulele (b.
1868/69 - d. 1924)
wa Makhado
1898 -
....
Senthumule wa Makhado
Split into three ruling lines:
(1-1)
1895 -
1924
Mphephu Ahlilali
Tshilamulele (s.a.)
wa Makhado
1924 -
1949
George Mbulaheni wa
Mphephu (d.
1949)
1949 - 17 Apr
1988
Patrick Ramaano Mbulaheni Mphephu (b. 1926 - d.
1988)
1988 - 25 Dec
1997
Tshimangadzo
Mphephu
(b. 1967 - d. 1997)
Nov 1998
-
Thovhela Toni Peter
Mphephu (b.
1972)
Ramabulana
(1-2)
1931?
Senthumule wa Makhado
(1-3)
1931?
Khuthama wa Makhado
(2)
.... -
....
Thisevhe wa Dimbanyika
+ Bele wa Dimbanyika
(3)
.... -
....
Raluswyelo Tshivhase wa Dimbanyika
Split into two ruling lines:
(3-1)
.... -
....
Mukhesi wa Tshivhase
.... -
....
Luvhengo wa Tshivhase
c.1872 - 1893
Legegisa Tshivhase wa Mukesi
c.1893
Raidani Tshivhase
1931?
Ramaremisa Tshivhase wa Legegisa
1931? - 1946
Ratshimpi
Tshivhase wa Ramaremisa (d. 1946)
1946
Ratshalingwa
(installed by apartheid government)
1946
Ramushasha Takalani -Regent
1946 - 1966
Thohoyandou Tshivhase
(d. 1966)
1966
A.A. Tshivhase -Regent
1966 - 1970
John Tshivhase -Regent
1970 -
Kennedy Midiyavhathu Tshivhase
(b. c.1962)
(3-2)
.... -
....
Phophi Rambuda wa Tshivhase
.... -
....
Vele wa Rambuda
.... -
....
Tshikose Rambuda wa Vele
Split into two ruling lines:
(3-2-1)
.... -
1924
Tshikose Rambuda wa Vele
1924 -
....
Ratsibvumo Rambuda wa Tshikose
(3-2-2)
.... -
1923
Khaku Rambuda wa Vele
1923 -
....
Tshitongani Rambuda wa Khaku
haMphaphuli
Paramount chiefs (title Khosikulu)
c.1872 -
....
Shamboko Mphaphuli
.... -
....
Ratsibi Masindi Mphaphuli
c.1893 -
....
Tshikalanga Mphaphuli wa Ratsibi
.... - Apr
1928
Makwarela Mphaphuli wa Tshikalanga (d. 1928)
1928 -
....
Phaswane Mphaphuli wa Makwarela
.... - 15 Dec
2001
Khorombi Hector Makhuvha Mphaphuli (b. 19..
- d. 2001)
(acting)
18 Dec 2001
-
Thovhele Musiwa Gole Mphaphuli
(b. 1976)
Xhosa
Note: All the entities
recorded here are, with the exception of the
amaGqunukhwebe recorded at the end, genealogically
descendants of Xhosa a Mnguni through his descendant
Tshawe a Nkosiyamntu, after whom the dynasty is styled
amaTshawe. The amaGcaleka are the senior line, and are
to some extend deferred to by all the others.
1885
Incorporation into Cape Colony.
(1)amaGcaleka
Note: Although the term
amaGcaleka comes into use with Gcaleka a Phalo, the line
from Ngconde a Togu is included to make sense of the
genealogical connections.
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
1695 -
....
Ngconde a Togu
.... -
1702
Tshiwo a Ngconde
1702 -
1736
Mdange a Ngconde (acting)
1736 -
1775
Phalo a
Tshiwo
(d. 1775)
1775 -
1792
Gcaleka a
Phalo
(b. c.1730 - d. 1792)
1792 -
1804
Khawuta a
Gcaleka
(b. c.1761 - d. 1804)
1804 -
1820
Nqoko a Gcaleka (acting)
1820 - 12 May
1835
Hintsa a
Khawuta
(b. 1789 - d. 1835)
19 May 1835 - Feb
1893 Sarili a
Hintsa
(b. c.1810 - d. 1893)
1893 -
1902
Sigcawu a Sarili
(d. 1902)
1902 - 30 May
1921
Gwebi'nkumbi Salukaphathwa a
(d. 1921)
Sigcawu
1 Aug 1921 - 31 Dec 1923
Daliza a Sigcawu (acting)
31 Dec 1923 - 2 Jun 1933
Mpisekhaya Ngangomhlaba Sigcawu
(d. 1933)
a Gwebinkumbi
2 Jun 1933 - 9 Apr
1965 Bungeni Zwelidumile Sigcawu
(b. 1906 - d. 1965)
a
Gwebinkumbi
9 Apr 1965 - 31 Dec 2005
Xolilizwe Mzikayise
Sigcawu (b.
1926 - d. 2005)
27 Jan 2006 - 14 Nov 2019
Zwelonke Mpendulo Sigcawu
(b. 1968 - d. 2019)
2019 - 29 Sep 2020
Nongudle Dumehleli Mapasa (acting) (b. 1936 - d. 2020)
7 Oct 2020
-
Ahlangene Cyprian Vulikhaya Sigcawu(b. 1970)
(2) amaMbalu
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
1740 -
1794
Ulanga a
Phalo
(b. c.1705 - d. 1794)
1794 - 1 Apr
1846
Ngqeno a
Ulanga
(b. c.1759 - d. 1846)
1846 -
....
Stockwe a Ngqeno
(3) amaRharhabe
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
1773 -
1782
Rharhabe a
Phalo
(b. c.1722 - d. 1782)
1782 - 1796
Ndlambe a Rharhabe
(b. c.1740 - d. 1828)
1796 - 14 Nov
1829
Ngqika a
Mlawu
(b. c.1779 - d. 1829)
1829 -
1840
Maqoma Jongumsobomvu a
Ngqika (b. 1798 - d. 1873)
(acting)
1840 - 29 May
1878
Sandile a
Ngqika
(b. 1820 - d. 1878)
1878 -
....
Edmund Gonya a Sandile
1932?
Fhaku a Gonya
1945? - 1968
Archibald Velile a Fhaku
(d. 1968)
(= Archibald Sandile)
1968 - 5 Apr 1976
Mxolisi
Sandile
(d. 1976)
1976 -
1991
Regency
1991 - 11 Jul 2011
Maxhob'ayakhawuleza Zanesizwe
Sandile a
Mxolisi
(b. 1956 - d. 2011)
Jul 2011 - 8 Jul 2020
Noloyiso Sandile (f) -Regent
(b. 1963 - d. 2020)
12 Jul 2020
-
Jonguxolo Vululwandle
Sandile (b. 1992)
(4) amaNdlambe
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
1797 - 10 Feb
1828
Ndlambe a
Rharhabe
(s.a.)
Feb 1828 -
1858
Mhala a
Ndlambe
(b. 1800 - d. 1875)
(5)imiDushane
kaNdlambe
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
1818 - May
1829
Mdushane a
Ndlambe
(b. 1780 - d. 1829)
1829 -
1834
Mqhayi a Ndlambe (acting)
1834 -
18..
Siyolo a Mdushane
(acting)
(d. 1879)
18.. - 11 Dec
1879
Siwani a Mdushane
1879 -
1900
Seyisi a Siwani (acting)
1900 - 22 Dec
1919
Menziwa a
Siwani
(d. 1919)
23 Dec 1919 - 10 Dec 1942 Gushiphela Siwani a
Menziwa (d.
1942)
1 Feb 1943 - 30 Mar 1957 Nofikile a Ngongo
(f)(acting)
30 Mar 1957 - Apr 1994
Zimlindile Payment Mnyaka
Siwani a
Gushiphela
(d. 1994)
Jun 2001
-
Ngubesizwe Ludwe Siwani
(6) imiQhayi
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
Feb 1828 -
1877
Mqhayi a Ndlambe
1877 -
1908
Jali a Mqhayi
1 Apr 1908 - 23 Feb 1941 Ramncwanaka a
Jali
1 Sep 1942 - 8 Aug 1943 Enoch a
Ramncwanaka
14 Feb 1944 - 5 Nov 1952 Bofolo a Ntonisi
a Dondashe
(acting)
20 Apr 1953 -
19..
Nonayithi Jali a Mthathi (f)
(acting)
19.. - ....
Mabundu Bangelizwe Jali a Enoch
(7) amaGasela
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
.... -
1845
Gasela a Nukwa a Phalo
1845 -
....
Toyise a Gasela
.... -
1908
Dom a Toyise
1908 - 2 Apr
1923
Khadeni a Dom
3 Apr 1923 - 22 Dec 1937 Nqabisile a
Khadeni
14 Jan 1938 - 31 Mar 1945 Zwelinzima Gladstone
Gwaxagwaxa
a Khadeni
31 Mar 1945 - 8 Oct 1946 Gugile Toyise a
Dyantyi (acting)
14 Feb 1947 - ....
Mabikhwe
Zwelandile a
Mzamo (b.
c.1922)
(8)amaGwali
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
1702 -
1725
Gwali a Tshiwo
1725 -
17..
Titi a Gwali
17.. -
....
Kobela a Titi
.... -
....
Mhade a Kobela
.... -
....
Zweni a Mhade
(9) imiNdange
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
1720 -
....
Mdange a Ngconde
.... -
....
Mahote a Mdange
.... -
....
Jalamba a Mahote (acting)
.... -
....
Dlodlu a Jalamba (acting)
.... -
....
Nginza a Mahote
.... -
181.
Bangela a Nginza
181. -
18..
Mantla a Mahote
18.. - Oct
1867
Botomani a Mantla
1867 -
....
Fandala a Botomani
(10) amaHleke
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
.... -
....
Hleke a Ngconde
.... -
....
Mtshiza a Hleke
.... -
....
Mangxa a Mtshiza
.... -
....
Xili a Mangxa
.... -
1818
Bini a Xili
1818 -
1825
Vasi a Mangxa (acting)
1825 -
1899
Jwara a Bini
(11) amaNtinde
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
.... -
....
Ntinde a Togu
.... -
....
Ngethani a Ntinde
1779?
Bange a Ngethani
.... -
....
Cika a Bange
.... -
1825
Tshatshu a Cika
1825 - 28 Feb
1868
Dyani a Tshatshu
1868 -
1885
Mthikrakra a Dyani
1885 -
....
Duku a Mthikrakra
.... -
1906
Ziwengu a Duku
1906 -
1915
rulership suspended
1915 - 11 Jun
1941
Mgcawezulu a Nonqane
(acting to 1 Jul 1919)
1941 - 16 Sep
1946
Elizabeth Tshatshu (f)(acting)
16 Sep 1946 - ....
Zwelitsha a
Mgcawezulu
(12) amaGqunukhwebe
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
.... - ....
Khwane a Lungane
.... -
....
Bane a Khwane
.... -
1793
Tshaka a Tyakha
1793 - 7 Jan
1812 Cungwa a
Tshaka
(b. c.1740 - d. 1812)
1812 - 1 Oct
1869
Phatho a Cungwa (deported 1858) (b. 1785 -
d. 1869)
1 Oct 1869 - 25 Oct 1875
William Kama a Cungwa
(b. 1798 - d. 1875)
25 Oct 1875 -
1899
William Shaw a Kama (Xhanti) (d.
1899)
.... - ....
....
14 Sep 2002 - 13 Nov 2004 Nkosana Zwelimjongile
Kama (b.
19.. - d. 2004)
2004 - 2012
Nondwendwe Kama (f) (acting)
2012 - 14 Oct 2013
Mkhululi Kama
(in opposition)
2012 -
.... Phatho
amaBhaca (until
1830 called abakwaZelemu)
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
.... -
....
Zulu
.... -
....
Didi a Zulu
.... -
....
Vebi a Didi
.... -
....
Wabana a Vebi
.... -
1806
Kalimeshe a Wabana
1806 -
1834
Madzikane a Kalimeshe
1834 - Jul
1845
Ncaphayi a Madzikane (acting)
Split into two ruling lines:
(1)
1845 -
18..
Mdutyana a Sonyangwe
18.. -
18..
Thiba a Sonyangwe (acting)
18.. -
18..
Cijisiwe a Mdutyana
Split into two ruling lines:
(1-1)
18.. -
1896
Nomtsheketshe a Mdutyana
1896 -
1925
Rolobile a Nomtsheketshe
1 Nov 1925 - 19 Jan 1945
Sikhanda Nomtsheketshe a Rolobile
1945 -
19..
Khutshiwe a Rolobile (acting)
19.. -
19..
Ngayibeki a Sikhanda
19.. -
....
Msingpjantsi
(1-2)
18.. -
....
Cijisiwe a Mdutyana
.... -
....
Bekukuphiwa a Cijisiwe
.... -
....
Nyongwana a Bekukuphiwa
(2)
1845 -
18..
Diko a Ncaphayi (acting)
1872? -
1906
Makhaula a Ncaphayi
1906 - 23 May
1936
Mngcisana a Makhaula
23 May 1936 - 13 Mar 1937
Mziwamandla a Mngcisana
13 Mar 1937 - 25 Nov 1941
Nkevulane a Makhaula (acting)
25 Nov 1941 - ....
Strachan
Wabana Makhaula a
Mngcisana
amaPondo
29 Oct
1867
Divided into East amaPondo and West amaPondo.
17 Mar
1894
Incorporated into Cape Colony (called British Pondoland
25 Sep 1894 - 30 May 1910).
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
.... -
....
Thahli a Dayeni
.... -
....
Nyanza a Thahli
.... - 1815/20
Ngqungqushe a Nyanza
(d. 1815/20)
c.1820 - 29 Oct
1867 Fhaku a
Ngqungqushe
(b. c.1780 - d. 1867)
(1) East
amaPondo (Eastern Pondoland)
29 Oct 1867 - 28 Oct 1887 Mqikela a
Fhaku
(b. 1831 - d. 1887)
28 Oct 1887 - 7 Aug 1905
Sigcau a
Mqikela
(b. 1858/60 - d. 1905)
1905 - 1909
Mhlanga a
Mqikela -Regent
1909 - 1921
Marelane a
Sigcau
(d. 1921)
1921 - 1935
Mswakezi Sigcau
1935 -
1937
Mandlonke Sigcau a
Marelane (d.
1937)
1937 - 1 Dec
1978
Botha Manzolwandle
Jongilizwe (b. 1913 - d.
1978)
Sigcau a Mandlonke
l Dec 1978 - 25 Mar 2013
Mpondombini Sigcau a Manzolwandle (b. 1941? - d.
2013)
25 Mar 2013
-
Nzululwazi Jongilanga
Sigcau (b. 1975)
14 Apr 2013 -
Lombekiso Dlamini (f) -Regent
(2) West
amaPondo (Western Pondoland)
1867 - 29 Aug
1876
Ndamase a
Fhaku
(b. 1805 - d. 1876)
29 Aug 1876 - 7 Nov 1899 Nqwiliso a
Ndamase
(b. c.1835 - d. 1899)
7 Nov 1899 - 21 Feb 1917 Henry
Bokleni Ndamase = Dalindyebo (d. 1917)
1912
Mangangelizwe Ndamase
-Regent
1912 - 1918
Mangeni Ndamase -Regent
1918 -
1974
Victor Poto Ndamase a
Bokleni (b. 1898 - d.
1974)
1974 - 21 Feb
1997
Tutor Nyangelizwe
Vulindlela (b. 1921
- d. 1997)
Ndamase a Bokleni
1997 - 2001
Bhongolethu a
Makhungu Dlamini (f)
(acting)
2001
-
Ndamase Ndamase a
Nyangelizwe (b. 1983)
amaPondomise
22 Nov
1872
Incorporated into Cape Colony.
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
.... -
....
Sabe a Majola
.... -
....
Mti a Sabe
.... -
....
Qengebe a Mti
.... -
....
Gcwanya a Qengebe
.... -
....
Phahlo a Gcwanya
.... -
....
Mghabisi a Phahlo
.... -
....
Mgcambi a Mghabisi
.... -
....
Myeki a Mgcambi
.... -
1850
Matiwana a Myeki
1850 -
....
Mbhali a Myeki (acting)
.... - 11 Dec
1912
Mhlontlo a Matiwana
abaThembu
1875
Incorporated into Cape Colony.
Paramount chiefs (title Inkosi Enkhulu)
.... -
....
Madiba a Hala
(d. bf.1700)
.... -
....
Thato a Madiba
.... - c.1756
Zondwa a
Thato
(d. c.1756)
(perhaps did not reign)
c.1756 -
c.1800
Ndaba a Zondwa
(d. c.1800)
1800 - 10 Aug
1830
Vusani Ngubengcuka a
Ndaba
(b. c.1790 - d. 1830)
1830 - 1840
Fadana a Ndaba (acting)
1840 -
1849
Mthikrakra a
Ngubengcuka
(b. 1819 - d. 1849)
1849 -
1863
Joyi a Ngubengcuka (acting)
1863 - 31 Dec
1884
Qeya Ngangelizwe a
Mthikrakra (b. 1840 - d.
1884)
31 Dec 1884 - 22 Apr
1920 Alava Dalindyebo a
Ngangelizwe (b. 1865 - d. 1920)
1 Oct 1920 - 1 Oct
1924 Silimela a Ngangelizwe (acting)
1 Oct 1924 - 6 Jul
1928 Sampu Jongilizwe a
Dalindyebo (b. 1902 - d.
1928)
7 Jul 1928 - 19 Aug 1942
Jongintaba David a
Dalindyebo (d. 1942)
(acting)
1942 - 30 Jun 1954
Dabulamanzi a Dalindyebo (acting)
30 Jun 1954 -
1980
Jonguhlanga Sabata
Dalindyebo (b. 1928 - d.
1986)
a Jongilizwe
1980 -
1987
Albert Bambilanga Mtirara
(d. 1987)
Dalindyebo a Jongilizwe (acting)
Jun 1987 - May 1989
Zondwa Mtirara a
Bambilanga (b.
1950 - d. 2005)
(acting)
May 1989
-
Bayelekhaya Zwelinbanzi Dalindyebo (b. 1964)
a Sabata
2000 - 2002
Noluntu
(f)
(acting for Bayelekhaya)
2002 - 2003
Jonginyaniso Mtirara
(acting for Bayelekhaya)
2003 - 2006
Jongisizwe Dalindyebo
(acting for Bayelekhaya)
abaThembu baseRhoda
1865
abaThembu
bemfuduko (Emigrant Thembuland, also
called
Western Thembuland), split from abaThembu.
7 Mar 1870
Recognized by colonial
authorities.
1 Apr 1966
abaThembu
baseRhoda
Chiefs (tile Inkosi)
1865 - ....
Matanzima a Mthikrakra
.... - ....
Mthetho a Matanzima
.... - ....
Mvuzo Matanzima
.... - ....
Dalubuhle Matanzima
.... - 1932
Mhlobo Mvuzo Matanzima
(d. 1932)
1932 - 1 Apr 1966
Kaiser Dailwonga Matanzima
(b. 1915 - d. 2003)
Paramount Chiefs (title Inkosi
Enkhulu)
1 Apr 1966 - 15 Jun 2003
Kaiser Dailwonga Matanzima
(s.a.)
2003 - 22 May 2010
Lwandile Zwelenkosi Matanzima (b.
1971 - d. 2010)
23 May 2010 - 31 May 2010 Buyanda
Gwazinamba Matanzima -Regent
31 May 2010 -
Siyambonga Dalimvula
Matanzima (b. 1966)
amaZizi
Note:
The most senior chiefdom of the amaZizi of Lunika is that
in Mbholompo, followed by Ngqutura and Mbhashe.
Chiefs (title Inkosi)
- at oThukela -
.... - ....
Nkosi
Ngxibinoboya
(b. c.1616 - d. ....)
.... - ....
Nkosi
Mtatela
(b. c.1638 - d. ....)
.... - ....
Nkosi
Ntondwa
(b. c.1660 - d. ....)
.... - ....
Nkosi
Ndunakazi
(b. c.1685 - d. ....)
.... - ....
Nkosi
Ndosi
(b. c.1710 - d. ....)
.... - 1798
Nkosi
Lunika
(b. c.1735 - d. ....)
- during departure (1819)
-
1798 - 1822
Thukela Nkosi
Mkhuli
(b. c.1757 - d. 18..)
- en route and at Mbhashe
-
1822 - 1870
Nkosi Menziwa Ah
Mnyamezeli (b.
c.1785 - d. 1888)
- at Ngqutura kwaZangashe
-
1870 - 1889
Nkosi Pokwana Ah
Mlindazwe
(b. c.1820 - d. 1889)
(until 1875 at Mbhashe)
1889 - 1891
Nkosi Qayiso Ah
Holomisa
(b. 1864 - d. 1932)
1889 - 1891
Nkosi Qikani
(acting)
(b. c.1851 - d. 1927)
1891 - 1915
Nkosi Maseti Ah
Mphankomo
(b. 1850 - d. 1915)
1915 - 1945
Nkosi Mdumiso Ah
Hlathikhulu (b. 1882 -
d. 1947)
1945 - 1979
Nkosi Moriati Ah
Jongulwandle (b. 1915 - d.
1979)
1979 - 14 Apr 2012
Nkosi Sabelo Ah
Zwelixolile (b.
1949 - d. 2012)
1987 - 1989
Nkosi Jongizibuko
(acting) (b.
1926 - d. 1991)
1989 - 2002
Nkosi Zwelithambile
(acting) (b. 1939)
2012
-
Nkosi Jongisilo Zuko
Pokwana
ka Menziwa
(b. 1978)
+ Inkosana Zwelihlangene
Pokwana (b. 1986)
kwaZulu
Note: Under this heading there
are two precursor powers, Mthethwa and Ndwandwe; kwaZulu
proper; and two Zulu-related entities, Qwabe and
amaNgwane.
(1) Mthethwa
1824
Incorporated into kwaZulu.
Kings/Chiefs (title Nkosi)
.... -
1753
Xaba
1753 -
1771
Madago ka Xaba
1771 -
1789
Khali ka Madago
1789 -
1807
Jobe ka Khali
1807
Mawewe ka Jobe
1807 -
1818
Nggodongwana Dingiswayo ka Jobe
1818 -
1824
Somveli ka Dingiswayo
(2) Ndwandwe
1826
Incorporated into kwaZulu.
Kings/Chiefs (title Nkosi)
.... -
1805
Langa ka Xaba
1805 -
1824
Zwide ka Langa
1824 - Jun/Jul
1826
Sikhunyane ka Langa
(3) kwaZulu
British Zululand 1884 - 1 Dec 1897
|
-
- Royal Flag Adopted 21 Dec 1999
|
Capital: Eshoweto
(kwaBulawayo c.1820-1829,
uMgungundlovu 1829-1840,
uluNdi 1873-1879)
|
Population: 230,000
(1896 est.)
|
1840
Protectorate of the Boer Republic of Natal.
1842
British protectorate.
4 Jul
1879
British occupation.
1883
Zulu "Native" Reserve (Zululand province).
21 Jun 1887 - 1 Dec 1897 British
crown colony (British Zululand)(see Natal).
1 Dec
1897
Incorporated into Natal.
Kings (title Inggonyama)
.... -
....
Malandela ka Luzumana
.... -
....
Ntombhela ka Malandela
1709? -
17..
Zulu ka Ntombhela
17.. -
17..
Ghumede ka Zulu
17.. -
1727
Phunga ka Zulu
1727 -
1745
Magheba ka Zulu
1745 -
1763
Ndaba ka Magheba
1763 -
1781
Jama ka
Ndaba
(d. c.1781)
1781 -
1816
Senzangakhona ka
Jama
(b. c.1762 - d. 1816)
1816
Sighujana ka
Senzangakhona
(d. 1816)
1816 - 24 Sep
1828
Shaka ka
Senzangakhona
(b. 1787 - d. 1828)
Nov 1828 - 29 Jan 1840
Dingane ka
Senzangakhona
(b. 1795 - d. 1840)
10 Feb 1840 - 18 Oct 1872 Mpande ka
Senzangakhona
(b. 1798 - d. 1872)
18 Oct 1872 - 28 Aug 1879 Cetshwayo ka
Mpande (1st time) (b. 1832 - d.
1884)
(U.K. prisoner 28 Aug 1879 - Jan 1883)
28 Aug 1879 - 29 Jan 1883 Thirteen
chiefs
- John Robert
Dunn
(b. 1833 - d. 1895)
-
Hlubi
(b. c.1835 - d. 1902)
- Faku
- Gawozi
- Mfanawendlela
- Mgitshwa
- Mlandela
(d.
1883)
(briefly driven out in 1882-83 by Usitimela)
- Mqonjama
-
Ntshingiswao
(d. 1883)
-
Sekethwayo
(d. 1883)
- Somkhele
- Uhamu ka Mpande
(b. 1834 -
d. af.1879)
- Zibhebhu ka
Maphitha
(b. c.1841 - d. 1904)
29 Jan 1883 - 8 Feb 1884 Cetshwayo
ka Mpande (2nd time) (s.a.)
(one part of the country under Zibhebhu ka Maphitho,
s.a.)
21 May 1884 - 18 Oct 1913 Dinuzulu ka
Cetshwayo
(b. 1868 - d. 1913)
(not recognized by Cape Colony and
South Africa as Paramount Chief)
(in Saint Helena exile 1890-1897)
1 Nov 1913 - 4 Mar
1933 Salamoni Nkashiyana
Maphumuzana (b. 1891 - d. 1933)
ka Dinuzulu
(recognized as Paramount Chief 1919)
2 Apr 1933 - 27 Aug 1948
Arthur Edward Mshiyeni Zulu ka
(b. 1897 - d. 1953)
Dinuzulu (acting)
27 Aug 1948 - 17 Sep 1968 Cyprian
Bhekezulu Nyangayezizwe
ka
Nkashiyana
(b. 1924 - d. 1968)
(recognized as Paramount Chief 1951)
Nov 1968 - 3 Dec
1971 Israel Mcwayizeni Zulu
ka Nkashiyana
(acting)
(b. 1931 - d. 1999)
3 Dec 1971 - 12 Mar 2021
Goodwill Zwelithini ka Bhekezulu (b. 1948 -
d. 2021)
12 Mar 2021 - 29 Apr 2021 Mantfombi Shiyiwe
Dlamini Zulu (f) (b. 1956 - d. 2021)
(Queen-Regent)
29 Apr 2021
-
Misuzulu Sinqobile ka Zwelithini (b.
1974)
(coronation 20 Aug 2022)
Premier chiefs
[with
Shaka]
Ngomane Mthethwa
[with
Dingane]
Ndlela ka Sompisi Ntuli
(d. 1840)
[with
Mpande]
Masiphula ka Mamba Ntshangase
[with Cetshwayo]
Mnyamana Buthelezi (to
29 Jul 1892)(b. 1809/13 - d. 1892)
[with
Dinuzulu]
Mankulumana ka Somaphunga Nxumalo (d. 1926)
Traditional Prime Minister
1954 - 9 Sep 2023
Inkosi Mangosuthu Gatsha
Buthelezi (b. 1928 - d. 2023)
(acting to 5 Sep 1957)
(4) Qwabe
1818 -
1829
Annexed by kwaZulu.
Dec
1829
Incorporated into kwaZulu.
Chiefs (title Nkosi)
.... -
....
Khondlo ka Mncinci
1807? -
1818
Phakathwayo ka Khondlo
1829 - Dec
1829
Nqethoka ka Khondlo
(5) amaNgwane
Chiefs (title Nkosi)
.... -
....
Masumpa
1807? -
1829
Matiwane ka Masumpa
1829 -
18..
Masheba
1849?
Phuthini
British Chief
magistrate and Civil Commissioner
for the Province of Zululand
Dec 1897 -
1905
Charles James Renault Saunders
(b. 1857 - d. 1931)
Commissioner for Native Affairs, in
Zululand
1905 - 1909
Charles James Renault
Saunders (s.a.)
(from 9 Nov 1906, Sir Charles James Renault Saunders)
© Ben Cahoon
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