Russian Civil War Polities
Note: This record contains a list of
the polities that emerged on the Russian territory of the
former Empire during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to
1922, and in the Far East to 1931. These polities included
mainly three types: (a) semi-autonomous regional Bolshevik
"Red" Soviet Republics or so-called "Soviet regional
associations" and (b) "White" (anti-Bolshevik) Russian
central governments or autonomous regional polities as
well as (c) secessionist or autonomous ethnic minority
polities. The purely military or partisan guerilla
authorities, as well as local administrators of "White" or
"Red" central or regional governments are not listed,
however "White" governors-general are recorded. Some
polities did not fit into traditional "White" and "Red"
designations and were known as "Green" (mostly
anti-Bolshevik rural Socialists, see Black Sea, Tambov or
Tobolsk) or "Black" (anarchist, see "Makhnovschina" under
Ukraine). Many polities are commonly referred to as
"republics," but were simply given that designation
historically and were not actually republics or did not
call themselves by such designations. The record
below is organized along a geographic basis.
Party abbreviations: KDP
= Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya
Partiya (Constitutional Democratic Party, "Kadets",
Russian liberal, 12 Oct 1905-1920, banned by Bolsheviks
from 12 Dec 1917); MPK = Mlado-Yakutskaya
Partiya Konfederalistov (Young Yakut Party of
Confederalists, requested upgrade of Yakut A.S.S.R. to
S.S.R., 1927-1928); NDS
= Natsional-Demokraticheskiy Soyuz (National-Democratic
Union, right-liberal, anti-socialist, 1921-1922); NSP
= Narodno-Sotsialisticheskaya Partiya (People's
Socialist Party, center-left, 1905-1920); Okt
= Soyuz 17 Oktyabrya
(Union of October 17, "Octobrists", conservative,
Russian moderate constitutionalist, Nov 1905-1918);
PLSR = Partiya Levykh
Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Left
Socialist-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, split
from PSR, allied with RSDRP-B/RKP,
1917–1923); PLSR = Partiya
Levykh Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Left
Socialist-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, Aug
1917–1923, split from PSR, allied with RSDRP-B/RKP);
PSR = Partiya
Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of
Socialists-Revolutionaries, "SRs",
democratic socialist, agrarian socialist, split Aug 1917
into Left [became PLSR] and Right wings, Jan 1902-1922);
RKP = Rossiyskaya
Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian
Communist Party [Bolsheviks],
Marxist-Leninist communist, former
RSDRP-B, state party, 8 Mar
1918 - 31 Dec 1925, renamed Vsesoyuznaya
Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)[All-Union
Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]);
RSDRP-B = Rossiyskaya
Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian
Social Democratic Workers' Party [Bolsheviks],
Russian revolutionary socialist, Marxist communist,
split from RSDRP est.1898, 1 Jan 1912-8 Mar 1918,
renamed RKP); RSDRP-I = Rossiyskaya
Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya
Internatsionalistov (Russian Social Democratic Worker's
Party of Internationalists, split from RSDRP-M, allied
with RKP, 1918-1920); RSDRP-M
= Rossiyskaya
Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Men'shevikov)(Russian
Social Democratic Workers' Party [Mensheviks],
split from RSDRP, democratic socialist, Orthodox
Marxist, 1 Jan 1912-1922); SGSK =
Soyuz Gortsov Severnogo Kavkaza (Union of Mountain
Peoples of North Caucasus, Mountain peoples nationalist,
republican, 1917-1919); SSO = Soyuz Sibirskikh
Oblastnikov (Union of Siberian Regionalists, Siberian
autonomist, 1905-1919); SSRM = Soyuz
Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov-Maksimalistov (Union of
Socialist-Revolutionary-Maximalists, Bolshevik-allied
anarchist, 1917-1919);
STK = Soyuz Trudovogo Krestyanstva (Union of
Working Peasants, agrarian socialists of
Tambov, Nov 1920 – 1921); Mil =
Military
"White" (anti-Bolshevik) Central Governments
18 Jan 1918 - 19 Jan 1918 All-Russian
Constituent Assembly convened in Petrograd
(elected 25 Nov 1917, chairman
Viktor Mikhaylovich Chernov
[b. 1873 - d. 1952] PSR), it declared Russia a
democratic federal
republic before it was dissolved by the
Soviet government.
8 Jun 1918
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly
("Komuch")
created after occupation of Samara by the Czechoslovak
Corps,
proclaimed itself the provisional supreme
authority of the
Russian state, but was recognized by few
local anti-Bolshevik
governments.
13 Aug
1918
According to a resolution of the Committee of 13 Aug
1918, all
judicial
decisions were made in the name of the Russian
Federative
Democratic Republic (Rossiyskaya Federativnaya
Demokraticheskaya
Respublika).
14 Aug 1918
The
Provisional Standing Orders of the Committee of Members
of the
All-Russian Constituent Assembly were approved on 13 Aug
1918 and
provided
for election of the Presidium consisting of the
chairman,
two
deputy chairmen, secretary and deputy secretary.
23 Sep
1918
Replaced by the Provisional All-Russian
Government at Ufa
("Ufa Directory") by the Act on
Establishment of All-Russian
Supreme Authority, recognized as supreme authority of
the Russian
state by most of local anti-Bolshevik
governments in the
eastern part of Russia.
4 Nov
1918
"Ufa Directory" declared all local
governments dissolved (was
not fully effected).
18 Nov
1918
"Ufa Directory" disbanded, Aleksandr
Vasilyevich Kolchak granted
power as the Supreme Ruler, recognized as
supreme authority by all
local "White" Russian governments by Aug 1919, and
having the
de facto recognition by the Entente (Allied) powers.
15 Jan 1920
Upon
arrest of Kolchak, the supreme authority devolved to
Anton
Denikin, appointed on 4 Jan 1920 as
successor, who accepted
neither the functions nor style of the Supreme Ruler
(the supreme
authority lapsed).
11 Apr 1920
Baron Vrangel' (Wrangel),
Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces in
the South of Russia, assumes the style of
Ruler (without specific
territorial designation) claiming the
supreme Russian authority
on the basis of resolution of the Governing
Senate (supreme court)
of 6 Apr 1920 (his "government in South of
Russia" obtained de
facto recognition by France on 10 Aug 1920).
16 Nov
1920
Last "White" forces under Baron Vrangel' (Wrangel) are
defeated in
Crimea by Soviet forces and
depart to Turkey.
1922/1924
End of "White" Russian political
authority in exile (Russian
Council dissolved, end of diplomatic
representation, recognition
of Soviet Russia by France
and U.K.).
Committee of Members of the All-Russian
Constituent Assembly
8 Jun 1918 - 14 Aug 1918 Five
members of the Committee on the
day of assumption of power in Samara:
- Ivan Mikhaylovich Brushvit
(b. 1879 - d. 1946) PSR
- Vladimir Kazimirovich Vol'skiy (b. 1877 -
d. 1937) PSR
- Prokopiy Diomidovich Klimushkin (b. 1886 - d.
1969) PSR
- Ivan Petrovich
Nesterov
(b. 1886 - d. 1960) PSR
- Boris
Konstantinovich Fortunatov (b. 1886 - D. 1936) PSR
Chairman of the Committee of Members of the
Constituent Assembly ("Komuch")(in
Samara)
14 Aug 1918 - 23 Sep
1918 Vladimir Kazimirovich
Vol'skiy (s.a.)
PSR
Chairmen of the All-Russian Provisional Government
("Ufa Directory")
24 Sep 1918 - 18 Nov
1918 Nikolay Dmitriyevich
Avksentyev (b. 1878 - d. 1943)
PSR
(in Ufa to 8 Oct 1918, then in Omsk)
7
Nov 1918 - 12 Nov 1918 Vasiliy
Georgiyevich Boldyrev
(b. 1875 - d. 1933) Mil
(acting for Avksentyev, in Omsk)
Supreme Rulers (Verkhovnyy
Pravitel')
18 Nov 1918
Pyotr Vasilyevich
Vologodskiy (b. 1863 - d.
1928) PSR
(acting)(chairman
of council of ministers;
in Omsk)
18 Nov 1918 - 15 Jan 1920 Aleksandr
Vasilyevich Kolchak (b.
1874 - d. 1920) Mil
(in Omsk to 12 Nov 1919, in Novo-Nikolayevsk from 20 Nov
1919 to 4 Dec 1919, then by Dec 25 1919 in
Nizhneudinsk)
15 Jan 1920 - 11 Apr 1920 Supreme
"White" central authority lapsed
Ruler (Pravitel') and
Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces
in the South of Russia
11 Apr 1920 - 19 Aug 1920 Baron
Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel' (b. 1878 - d.
1928) Mil
(Wrangel)(in Sevastopol')
Ruler (Pravitel') and Commander-in-chief of the
Russian Army
19 Aug 1920 - 16 Nov 1920 Baron
Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel' (s.a.)
Mil
(in Sevastopol')
Chairman of the Russian Council
5 Apr 1921 - Oct 1922
Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel'
(s.a.)
Mil
(in Istanbul exile; from Sep
1922 in
Sremski Karlovci, Yugoslavia)
Chairman of the Council of Managers
(in Samara)
16 Aug 1918 - 23 Sep 1918 Yevgeniy
Frantsevich Rogovskiy (b. 1888 -
d. 1950) PSR
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (in
Irkutsk)
4
Nov 1918 - 22 Nov 1919 Pyotr Vasilyevich
Vologodskiy (s.a.)
PSR;Dec 1918 KDP
22 Nov 1919 - 15 Jan 1920 Viktor
Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (b. 1885
- d. 1920) KDP
(left seat of government
Irkutsk 26 Dec 1919,
to join Kolchak in Nizhneudinsk)
28 Dec 1919 - 5 Jan 1920 Aleksandr
Aleksandrovich Cherven- (b. 1872 - d. 1920)
KDP
Vodali
(acting for Pepelyayev, in Irkutsk)
Chairman of the Council of Managers with the
Commander-in-chief
11 Apr 1920 - 19 Aug 1920 Aleksandr
Vasilyevich Krivoshein (b. 1857 - d.
1921) Non-party
(acting to 2 Jun 1920)(in Sevastopol')
11 Apr 1920 - 2 Jun 1920 Pavel Nikolayevich
Shatilov (b.
1881 - d. 1962) Mil
(acting for absent Krivoshein)
Chairman of the Council of Managers of Government in
the South of Russia
19 Aug 1920 - 11 Nov 1920 Aleksandr
Vasilyevich Krivoshein (s.a.)
Non-party
(in Sevastopol')
¹The number of members of the
Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent
Assembly was increasing as more members of the
Constituent Assembly were arriving to Samara (8 Aug 1918
– 29 members, 25 Aug 1918 – 48 members, 5 Sep 1918 – 71
members, 1 Oct 1918 – 93 members). Before the election
of the Presidium (14 Aug 1918) the meetings of the
Committee were chaired by one of the members, most
frequently by Vladimir Kazimirovich Vol'skiy
(s.a.).
North and
Northwest Russia
North-Western
Region (Pskov)
![[North-Western Oblast Government
1918-1919 (Russia)] [North-Western
Oblast Government 1918-1919 (Russia)]](ru_noroeste.gif)
Oct 1918 - 5 Dec 1919
|
8 Nov 1917
Bolshevik rule in Pskov (re-occupied
10 - 14 Nov 1917 by troops
loyal to deposed Prime minister Aleksandr Kerenskiy).
24 Feb 1918 – 25 Nov 1918 Pskov occupied by
German troops (taken on 25 Nov 1918 by Soviet
troops).
Nov 1918
North-Western Oblast
Council of Defense organized by Russian
Volunteer Northern Army, created 10 Oct 1918, however
only on
25 Nov 1918 Germans offered civil administration to the
Russians.
6 Dec 1918
Remaining
"White" Russian units, having retreated from Pskov to
Estonian territory, by agreement put under Estonian
authority.
17 May 1919
"White" units with
Estonian assistance took Yamburg (modern
Kingisepp).
25 May 1919 – 26 Aug 1919 "White" Russians
(to 29 May 1919, Estonian troops) occupied Pskov.
19 Jun 1919
All "White" Russian
units released from Estonian authority and
merged into the North-Western (to 1 Jul 1919, Northern)
Russian
Army.
11 Aug 1919
North-Western Oblast
Government established, it recognized the
authority of Supreme Ruler Kolchak, however
Kolchak did not
recognize the Government, but authorized
appointment of governor-
general.
18 Oct 1919
Maximum "White"
advance, reaching Tsarskoye Selo (modern Pushkin),
a
suburb of Petrograd.
5 Dec 1919
Oblast Government dissolved as all
territory was lost to Soviet
Russia (Yamburg lost 14
Nov 1919), the army was interned by
Estonian government.
German Commander in Pskov (of 5th
Reserve Infantry Division)
Mar 1918 - 25 Nov
1918 Georg von
Stangen
(b. 1852 - d. 1940)
Mil
Chairman of Pskov Okrug Council of
Administration (civil administrator)
10 Apr 1918 - Nov? 1918
Neuhaus
Mil
Chairman of the North-Western Oblast Council
of Defense (remained in Kiev)
Nov 1918
Fyodor
Nikolayevich Bezak (b.
1865 - d. 1940) Non-party
Chairman of the Political Conference (in
Helsinki, Finland; from 26 Jul 1919 Tallinn, Estonia)
24 May 1919 - 11 Aug
1919 Nikolay Nikolayevich
Yudenich (b. 1862 - d.
1933) Mil
(also commander-in-chief of the
North-Western
Front 10 Jun 1919 – 28 Nov 1919)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of
Russian North-Western Oblast Government
(in Tallinn)
11 Aug 1919 - 5 Dec 1919 Stepan
Georgiyevich Lianozov (b. 1872
- d. 1949) Non-party
(Stepan
Lianosyan)
Governor-general of North-Western Oblast
(in Narva; chief administrator of the
occupied area)
18 Oct 1919 - 28 Nov 1919 Pyotr
Vladimirovich Glazenap (b.
1882 - d. 1951) Mil
Moscow Oblast
![[Moscow oblast 1917-1918 (Russia] [Moscow oblast 1917-1918
(Russia]](om-old.gif)
Dec 1917 – Dec 1918
Moscow Oblast created as "Soviet regional
association" with
authority over Governorates of Moscow, Kaluga, Kostroma,
Kursk,
Nizhny Novgorod, Orel, Ryazan, Tambov, Tver, Tula,
Vladimir,
Voronezh and Yaroslavl, however its Council of People's
Commissars
existed only briefly.
Chairmen of the Council of People's
Commissars of Moscow Oblast (in
Moscow)
28 Dec 1917 - 11 Mar 1918 the Presidium
of Executive Committee
of Oblast Soviet (15 members)
11 Mar 1918 - 10 Jun 1918 Mikhail Nikolayevich
Pokrovskiy (b. 1868 - d. 1932)
RKP
Chairmen of the People's Economy Council of Moscow
Oblast
1 Jun 1918 - 20 Sep 1918 Yan Ernestovich
Rudzutak
(b. 1887 - d. 1937) RKP
20 Sep 1918 - 31 Oct 1918 Georgiy Gugovich
Gerbek
(b. 1890 - d. 1937) RKP
Kaluga
![[Kaluga Soviet Republic
1918-1919 (Russia)] [Kaluga Soviet Republic
1918-1919 (Russia)]](om-old.gif)
11 Dec 1917
Bolshevik rule in
Kaluga.
Dec 1917 - Dec 1918
Kaluga governorate a part of the Moscow oblast.
3 Feb 1918 - Jul 1918 Kaluga
Soviet Republic proclaimed (within Russian
S.F.S.R.) in
the Kaluga governorate, partly in rejection of policy
of the
Moscow oblast Soviet.
Chairmen of the Council of People's
Commissars
5 Feb 1918 - 26 Apr 1918 Pyotr Yanovich
Vitolin
(b. 1892 – d. 1938) RKP
(Pēteris Vītoliņš)
26 Apr 1918 - Jul 1918 Pavel
Dmitriyevich Skorbach
(d. 1976)
RKP
Northern Commune
![[Northern Commune
1918-1919 (Russia)] [Northern Commune
1918-1919 (Russia)]](om-old.gif)
Apr 1918 – Feb
1919 Northern
Oblast (Severnyy oblast) also styled as
"Northern Commune")
created
as "Soviet regional association" with authority
over
Governorates of Petrograd, Arkhangelsk (city of
Arkhangelsk under
"White"
rule from 2 Aug 1918), Novgorod, Olonets, Pskov
(city of
Pskov
under German occupation to 25 Nov 1918) and
Vologda.
Chairman of the Council of People's
Commissars of Northern Oblast (in
Petrograd)
29 Apr 1918 - 24 Feb 1919 Grigoriy
Yevseyevich Zinovyev (b.
1883 - d. 1936) RKP
Northern
Region (Arkhangelsk)
10 Nov 1917
Local Councils (Soviets)
refuse to recognize Bolshevik authority.
7 Dec 1917
Revolutionary Committee assumed
temporary "supreme administration
of
political, administrative, and economy affairs" of the
governorate.
17 Feb 1918
Bolshevik rule recognized by the
Governorate Council (Soviet).
2 Aug
1918
Supreme Administration of the Northern Region ("VUSO")
is
declared by "White"
Russians on the eve of occupation of
Arkhangelsk by Anglo-American military forces.
28 Sep
1918
Provisional Government of the Northern Region (Severnaya
oblast)
established.
Oct 1918
Recognized supreme authority
of the "Ufa Directory" (see above).
30 Apr
1919
Recognizes the supreme
authority of the Kolchak
government, but kept
"sovereignty" (samostoyatel'nost') in regional
matters.
27 Sep
1919
British evacuate Arkhangelsk (and Murmansk 12 Oct 1919).
19 Oct
1919
Provisional Government turned into department for civil
affairs
under
chief administrator of Northern Region (Severnyy
kray) but
use of
former name continued.
19 Feb 1920
"White" government evacuates Arkhangelsk by
sea to Norway.
21 Feb
1920
Bolsheviks enter Arkhangelsk.
Chairman of the Arkhangelsk Governorate
Revolutionary Committee
8 Nov 1917 - Feb
1918 A.A.
Zhitkov
(b. c.1887 - d.
19..)RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Supreme Administration of Northern
Region
2
Aug 1918 - 6 Sep 1918 Nikolay Vasilyevich
Chaykovskiy (b. 1850 - d. 1926)
NSP
(1st time)
Commander-in-chief of the Russian Army and
Navy in the Northern Region
6 Sep 1918 - 8
Sep 1918 Georgiy Yermolayevich Chaplin
(b. 1886 - d. 1950) Mil
Chairman of the Supreme Administration of
Northern Region
8 Sep 1918 -
28 Sep 1918 Nikolay Vasilyevich Chaykovskiy
(s.a.)
NSP
(2nd time)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government of
the Northern Region
28 Sep 1918 - 19 Feb 1920 Nikolay
Vasilyevich Chaykovskiy (s.a.)
NSP
(from 23 Jan 1919 on diplomatic mission to Paris)
23 Jan 1919 – 10 Feb 1920 Pyotr
Yulyevich Zubov
(b. 1871 - d. 1942) KDP
(acting for Chaykovskiy)
Chief Administrator of the Northern Region (with
rights of governor-general)
10 Sep 1919 – 19 Feb 1920 Yevgeniy Karlovich
Miller
(b. 1867 - d. 1937) Mil
Commanders—in-chief of British and (from Sep 1918)
Allied troops in Northern Russia
Aug 1918 - Oct 1918
Frederick Cuthbert Poole
(b. 1869 - d. 1938)
Mil
Oct 1918 - Sep 1919
William Edmond Ironside
(b. 1880 - d. 1959)
Mil
Commanders of the American Expeditionary Force, North
Russia
Sep 1918 - Apr 1919
George Evans Stewart
(b. 1872 - d. 1946) Mil
Apr 1919 - Sep 1919
Wilds Preston
Richardson
(b. 1861 - d. 1929) Mil
Ingria
(Ingermanland)
![[Ingrian flag, 1919-1920
(Russia)] [Ingrian flag, 1919-1920
(Russia)]](ru-ingri.gif)
8 Sep 1919 - 1920 |
Western Ingria (Kosemkina)
May 1919 - Nov 1919
Estonian troops occupied southeastern coast of Gulf of
Finland.
31 Aug 1919
Interim Committee moved to village
of Kosemkina (in Russian:
Kuzyomkino), north of Ivangorod, claiming
self-government of
Ingrian
Finns within Russia.
Chairmen of the Interim Committee
31 Jan 1919 - Aug 1919 Pietari
Toikka
(b. 1862 - d. 1930)
(in Helsinki, from May 1919 in
Tallinn)
31 Aug 1919 – 1920
Kaapre (Gabriel) Tynni
(b. 1877 - d. 1953)
(from late 1919, in Helsinki)
North Ingria (Kirjasalo)
23 Jan
1919
Northern Ingermanland declares independence in village
of Kirjasalo
(next
to Finnish border), referred to as "Republic of North
Ingria" (Pohjois-Inkerin tasavalta), or as the
"Republic of
Kirjasalo" (Kirjasalon tasavalta).
5 Dec
1920
Government collapses with the withdrawal of Finnish
irregular forces
and a as
result of the Russo-Finnish Peace Treaty of Tartu of
14 Oct 1920 (effective 31 Dec 1920).
Chairmen of the Provisional Committee
9 Jul 1919 - Sep 1919
Santeri Termonen
14 Sep 1919 - Nov 1919 Juho
Pekka Kokkonen
(b. 1875 - d. 1939)
16 Nov 1919 - May 1920 Yrjö (Georg)
Elfvengren
(b. 1889 - d. 1927) Mil
Jun 1920 - 6 Dec
1920 Jukka
Tirranen
(b. 1889 -
d.af.1961)Mil
Karelia
![[Provisional Government of Karelia flag
1918-1920 (Russia)] [Provisional
Government of Karelia flag 1918-1920 (Russia)]](ru_karelia1918.gif)
21 Jun 1918 - 29 Mar 1920
|
![[Proposed flag of
[East Karelia] 1919-1920 (Russia)] [Proposed
flag of [East Karelia] 1919-1920 (Russia)]](ru_karelia1919.gif)
1919 - 29 Mar 1920 Proposed Flag
|
![[flag of (East) Karelia and
Karelian United Government, 1920-1922 (Russia)] [flag of (East) Karelia
and Karelian United Government, 1920-1922
(Russia)]](ru-10h2a.gif)
29 Mar 1920 - 2 Feb 1922
|
15 May
1919
Olonets Government founded in Vidlitsa in Southern
Karelia after
invasion by Finnish irregulars
and occupation of Olonets (Aunus)
from 24 Apr 1919 to 13 May 1919.
27 Jun
1919
Vidlitsa captured by the Soviet Army; Olonets
government flees to
Finland.
21 Jul
1919
Provisional Government of Karelia of Arkhangelsk (Arkangelin
Karjalan väliaikaisen hallituksen)
formed at Uhtua (modern
Kalevala) in Northern Karelia near the Finnish
border.
21 Mar
1920
Renamed the Provisional Government of Karelia (Karjalan
väliaikainen
hallitus), declares the
independence of Karelia.
18 May
1920
Uhtua captured by Soviet Red Army, government moves to
Vuokkiniemi
(Voknavolok).
8 Jun
1920
Karelian Labor Commune founded (within the Russian S.F.S.R.)
(see Karelia A.S.S.R. under Russian
S.F.S.R. admin. divisions).
30 Jun
1920
Most of Northern Karelia is conquered by the Soviet Red
Army, the
Provisional Government of Karelia crosses the
border into Finland.
14 Oct 1920
Russo-Finnish
Peace Treaty of Tartu; by Mar 1921 Finland restores
Repola (Reboly) and Porajärvi (Porosozero) to Soviet
Russia.
10 Dec 1920 -
1923
Karelian United Government (Karjalan keskushallitus)
formed in
Finland
exile by a merger of the remnants of the former
Provisional Government of Karelia and the
Olonets Government.
20 Oct 1921 - 2 Feb 1922 Intervention
of Karelian exiles and Finnish volunteers from the
territory of Finland into Northern Karelia and
Uhtua retaken; it
is eliminated by the Soviet Red Army.
Chairman of the Olonets
Government (in Vidlitsa)
15 May 1919 - 27 Jun 1919 Georgiy
Vasilyevich Kuttuyev
(in Finland exile to 10 Dec 1920)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government (in
Uhtua)
21 Jul 1919 - 21 Mar 1920 Anton
Timofeyevich Tikhonov (b.
1883 - d. 1942)
(= Antti Vierma)
21 Mar 1920 - 30 Jun 1920 Fyodor
Timofeyevich Tikhonov (b. 1880 - d.
1952)
(= Huoti Hilippälä)
(in Finland exile to 10 Dec
1920)
Chairman of the United Government
10 Dec 1920 -
1923
Paavo Kettinen (in Finland exile) (b. 1880 - d.
1966)
Murmansk
9 Nov 1917
Bolshevik rule recognized in
Murmansk.
6 Mar 1918
Landing by British troops
according to agreement of 3 Mar 1918.
30 Jun 1918
Local Council (Soviet), having
non-Bolshevik majority from Mar 1918,
declares
end of relations with Soviet Russia.
5 Aug 1918
Recognizes authority of
Supreme Administration in Arkhangelsk (see
Northern Region).
12 Oct 1919
British evacuate Murmansk.
21 Feb 1920
Local Bolsheviks seized Murmansk
(on 13 Mar 1920 regular Soviet
troops reach Murmansk).
Chairman of the Murmansk Kray Council
of Deputies
Mar 1918 – Oct
1918 Aleksey
Mikhaylovich
Yuryev (b. 1887
- d.af.1922)Non-party
Commanders of British Troops (from Aug
1918, subject to Commander-in-chief in Arkhangelsk)
Mar 1918 - Jun 1918
Thomas Webster Kemp
(b. 1866 - d. 1928)
Mil
Jun 1918 - Aug 1918
Frederick Cuthbert Poole
(b. 1869 - d. 1938)
Mil
Aug 1918 - Oct
1919 Charles
Clarkson Maynard
(b. 1870 - d. 1945) Mil
Western Volunteer Army (ZDA):
see under Latvia
Belorussia,
Bessarabia,
Crimea, and the Ukraine
Belorussian (Byelorussian)
Socialist Soviet Republic: see Belarus
Bessarabia: see Moldova
Bessarabian Socialist Soviet
Republic: see under Moldova
Crimean People's Republic: see
Crimea under Ukraine
Crimean Soviet Socialist
Republic: see Crimea under Ukraine
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog
Basins Soviet Republic (Kharkov and Donetsk regions): see
under Ukraine
Galician Soviet Republic: see
under Ukraine
Lithuania and Belorussia
("Litbel") Socialist Soviet Republic: see under Lithuania
Makhnovist Forces
("Makhnovshchina"): see under Ukraine
Moldavian Democratic Republic:
see Moldova
Odessa (Odesa) Soviet Republic:
see under Ukraine
Romanian Front Committee
("Rumcherod"): see Odessa under Ukraine
South Ukraine Labor Federation:
see Makhnovist Forces under Ukraine
Taurida (Tavrida) Governorate:
see Crimea under Ukraine
Ukrainian People's Republic:
see Ukraine
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist
Republic: see Ukrainian S.S.R. under Ukraine
Volga and the Urals
"Antonovshchina": see under Tambov
Idel-Ural (Kazan)
![[Idel-Ural
(Kazan) Soviet Republic 1917-1918 (Russia)] [Idel-Ural (Kazan) Soviet
Republic 1917-1918 (Russia)]](om-old.gif)
8 Nov 1917 - 6 Aug 1918 |
8 Nov 1917
Bolshevik
rule in Kazan.
2 Dec 1917 - 24 Jan 1918
National Assembly of National Autonomy of Muslim
Turkic-Tatars of
Russia's Interior and Siberia convened in Ufa, on 18 Jan
1918 it
established its executive, the National Administration
(Milli Idara), as
non-territorial authority.
6 Feb 1918 - 16 May 1918 Kazan Soviet
Republic (Kazanskaya Sovetskaya Respublika)(within
the Russian
S.F.S.R.) proclaimed in Kazan
Governorate.
1 Mar 1918 - 28 Mar 1918 Tatar
autonomists proclaimed "autonomous Idel-Ural Republic
within federal Russian Soviet republic", as territorial
autonomy
of Tatars and Bashkirs in Kazan and Ufa Governorates and
adjoining areas (also Chuvash, Udmurts, Mari, and
Mordovians were
invited
to join) and took over the Trans-Bulak suburb of Kazan
(thus referred to as "Zabulachnaya Respublika"
[Trans-Bulak
Republic]), in rebellion against the Kazan Soviet
Republic.
6 Aug 1918 - 10 Sep
1918 Kazan occupied by "Komuch" (see there) troops and
Czechoslovak
Corps.
27 May
1920
Tatar Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic established,
within the
Russian S.F.S.R. (see Russian
S.F.S.R. admin.)
Chairmen of the National Administration (Milli
idara) of Muslim Turkic-Tatars (in
Ufa)
18 Jan 1918 - 25 Apr 1918
Sadretdin Nizametdinovich Maksudov (b. 1878 - d. 1957)
(= Sadretdin Nizametdin-ugly
Maqsudyy)(in Ufa)
25 Apr 1918 - Jul 1918
dissolved by Bolsheviks
Jul 1918 - Jan 1920
Ibniyamin Abusugutovich
Akhtyamov (b. 1877 - d. 1941) PSR
(= Ibneamin Abusogud-ugly Akhtamov)
(in Ufa, in exile Sep 1918-Oct 1919 in
Petropavlovsk,
from
Oct 1919 in Irkutsk)
Chairman of Council of People's
Commissars of Kazan Soviet Republic
26 Feb 1918 - 3 Jun 1918 Yakov Semyonovich
Sheynkman (b. 1891
- d. 1918) RKP
Chairman of Council of People's Commissars of
Idel-Ural Republic (in opposition)
1 Mar 1918 - 28 Mar 1918 Ismagil Zakirovich
Atnagulov (b. 1891 -
d.af.1938)
(= Ismagyyl Zakir-ugly Atnagulov)
Ural
![[Provisional Oblast Government of Ural 1918
(Russia)] [Provisional Oblast
Government of Ural 1918 (Russia)]](ru-ural3.gif)
18 Aug 1918 - 10 Nov 1918 |
8 Nov 1917
Bolshevik rule in
Yekaterinburg (soon after in the whole eastern
part of the Perm Governorate), but in
the city of Perm only from
8 Dec 1917.
Jan 1918 – Jan 1919
Ural Oblast created as "Soviet
regional association" with authority
over Governorates of Perm, Orenburg, Ufa and Vyatka.
25 Jul
1918
Yekaterinburg occupied by the Czechoslovak Corps and
Siberian
troops (also Perm from 25 Dec 1918).
13 Aug
1918
Provisional Oblast Government of Ural ("VOPU")(Vremennoye
oblastnoye
pravitel'stvo Urala) formed in
Yekaterinburg (did not recognize
authority of "Komuch").
24 Sep 1918
Recognized supreme authority of the Provisional
All-Russian
Government (see PARG above).
26 Oct 1918
Transfers power to All-Russian
Provisional Government, effective
from 10 Nov 1918.
Jul 1919
Bolshevik advance, the "White" troops of Supreme Ruler
Kolchak
lost Ural oblast (Perm 1
Jul 1919, Yekaterinburg on 15 Jul 1919).
Chairman of the Ural Oblast Council of
People's Commissars
Jan 1918 – Jan 1919
Aleksandr Georgiyevich Beloborodov
(b. 1891 - d. 1938) RKP
(in Yekaterinburg,
in Perm Jul 1918-Dec 1918,
then in Vyatka from Dec 1918)
Commissar of Provisional Government of Siberia in
Priural (with rights of governor-general)
Jul 1918 - Aug 1918
Pyotr Pavlovich Maslov
(b. 1867 - d. 1946) RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Provisional Oblast Government
of Ural (in Yekaterinburg)
13 Aug 1918 - 10 Nov 1918 Pyotr
Vasilyevich Ivanov
(b. 1867 - d. 1932) KDP
Chief Administrator of Ural Kray (with
rights of governor-general; in Yekaterinburg)
1 Dec 1918 – Apr 1919
Sergey Semyonovich Postnikov
(b. 1870 - d.af.1920)Non-party
Orenburg Cossack Host
-
Orenburg Cossack in exile
(reconstruction) 1934
|
1755
Orenburg
Cossack Host formed.
8 Nov 1917
Ataman of the
Orenburg Cossack Host does not recognize the Soviet
government and assumes supreme authority in the Orenburg
Governorate and (from 24 Dec 1917) in Turgay oblast
(the modern
north-western part of Kazakhstan).
31 Jan
1918
Bolshevik forces take Orenburg, Dutov
falls back to Verkhneuralsk,
which also surrenders in Mar 1918, in Apr he
moved to Troitsk,
then on 10 May 1918 he retreats to Turgay
(Torgay).
3 Jul
1918
Orenburg Cossacks re-take Orenburg and proclaim (on 12 Aug
1918)
the
autonomous Orenburg Host Oblast within a
federal Russian
republic; recognized authority of "Komuch" (from Jul
1918) and
Provisional All-Russian Government (from Sep 1918).
Nov 1918
Orenburg Cossacks
recognized the authority of Aleksandr Vasilyevich
Kolchak,
the Supreme Ruler (autonomy continued de facto).
22 Jan 1919
Red Army retakes Orenburg, the
Cossack capital moved to Troitsk
Sep 1919
Orenburg Cossack Host
evacuates the Orenburg Governorate (Troitsk
on
4 Aug 1919) and reached first (in Dec
1919) Semirechye (see
under Kazakhstan)
and then (in Apr 1920)
China.
Atamans of the
Orenburg Cossack Host
10 May 1917 - 3 Oct 1917 Nikolay Petrovich
Mal'tsev (b. 1863 -
d. 1921) Mil
3 Oct 1917 - 8 Nov 1917 Aleksandr Ilyich
Dutov
(b. 1879 - d. 1921) Mil
Atamans of Orenburg Cossack Host and (to 5 Nov 1918)
Chairman of the Host Government
8 Nov 1917 - 7
Feb 1921 Aleksandr Ilyich Dutov
(s.a.)
Mil
(in China exile from 2 Apr 1920; 13
Feb 1919
– 23 May 1919 also chief administrator of
the
Orenburg kray with rights of
governor-general)
1921 - 1923
Nikolay Semyonovich
Anisimov (b. 1877 - d.
1931)
(in Harbin, China exile; in Vladivostok 1921–22;
from 1922
in Korea)(acting)
1923 - 26 Nov 1944
Ivan Grigoryevich Akulinin
(b. 1880 - d. 1944)
(in Yugoslavia exile; in Berlin 1923–1925;
in Paris from 1925)
Bashkir
![[Bashkir Government
1918-1919 (Russia)] [Bashkir Government
1918-1919 (Russia)]](ru-bashk18.gif)
20 Aug 1918 - 23 Mar 1919 |
20 Jul 1917
First All-Bashkir Assembly (Qoroltay)
requestes Bashkir autonomy
within Russia.
28 Nov 1917
Bashkir territory declared an
"autonomous part of Russian Republic",
the
Bashkir autonomy within Orenburg Governorate recognized by
the
Orenburg Cossack Ataman Dutov.
21 Dec 1917
Third All-Bashkir Assembly established the Bashkir
Government
(Bashkort Xökümäte/Bashkirskoye pravitel'stvo)
and organized 9
Bashkir
Cantons (by Sep 1918 increased to 13 Cantons) as
subdivisions of Orenburg and Ufa Governorates.
17 Feb 1918 - 3 May 1918 Bashkir
autonomy taken over by Bashkir Soviet (Council), however
on
30
Mar 1918 the Orenburg Governorate Soviet of Deputies
declared
the autonomy abolished.
May 1918
Bashkir Government
restored, from Jul 1918 it recognized supreme
authority of "Komuch" (see
above)(from
24 Sep 1918, of Provisional
All-Russian Government [PARG]), and "Komuch" recognized
the
Bashkir autonomy.
4 Nov 1918
Dissolution of the
Bashkir Government declared by the PARG (not
effected) and the Bashkir troops to be subjected to the
Orenburg
Cossack Host.
16 Feb 1919
Bashkir Government recognizes
the authority of the Soviet Russian
government, on 18 Feb 1919 autonomous Bashkir Soviet
Republic
proclaimed.
23 Mar 1919
Autonomous Bashkir Soviet Republic (Bashkort
Avtonomiyaly
Sovet Respublikasy/Avtonomnaya Bashkirskaya Sovetskaya
Respublika), established, within the Russian
S.F.S.R.
(see
Russian
S.F.S.R. admin.)
Apr 1919 - Aug
1919 Bashkir
areas occupied by the "White" Russian troops,
Soviet Bashkir authorities go into exile in Saransk.
Chairman of the Bashkir Central
Council (Shura)(in Orenburg)
20 Jul 1917 - 21
Dec 1917 Sharif Ahmetzyanovich Manatov
(b. 1887 - d. 1936)
RSDRP-M
(= Sharif Ahmatzyan-uly Manat)
Chairman of the Bashkir Government
(in Orenburg)
21 Dec 1917 - 17 Feb 1918 Yunus Yulbarisovich
Bikbov (b. 1883 - d. 1942)
PSR
(= Yunys Yulbarys-uly Bikbov)
(1st time)
Chairman of the Bashkir Provisional
Revolutionary Soviet (in Orenburg, from Apr
1918 Sterlitamak)
17 Feb 1918 - 3 May 1918 Abdulla
Sibagatullovich Davletshin (b. 1894 - d. 1963) RKP
(= Abdulla Sibaghatulla-uly Daulat)
Chairmen of the Bashkir Government
May 1918 - 30 Jun 1918
Sagit Gubaydullovich
Mryasov (b. 1880 - d.
1932)
(= Saghit Ghobayzulla-uly Merasov)
(in Chelyabinsk) (acting)
Jul 1918 - Dec
1918 Yunus
Yulbarisovich Bikbov
(s.a.)
PSR
(in Chelyabinsk, from Aug 1918 in Orenburg)
(2nd time)
Dec 1918 - 26 Jan 1919
Abdullah Kamaletdinovich Adigamov (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
(= Abdulla Kamaletdin-uly Azesyamov)
(acting)
26 Jan 1919 - 23 Mar 1919 Mstislav
Aleksandrovich Kulayev (b.
1873 - d. 1958) Mil
(= Mohammatkhan Sahipgaray-uly Qulayev)
(in Temyasovo, in south-eastern Bashkiria)
Chairman of the Military National Administration of
Bashkirs
May 1920 - Oct 1920
Mukhamed-Gabdulkhay Gabidullovich (b. 1889 -
d. 1972) Non-party
Kurbagaliyev (in exile in Chita)
(= Mohammat-Ghabdelhay Ghabizulla-uly
Qorbanghaliyev)
Tambov
![[Provisional Democratic Republic of Tambov Kray,
1920 (Russia)] [Provisional
Democratic Republic of Tambov Kray, 1920 (Russia)]](om-old.gif)
18 Aug 1919 – Aug 1919 "White" Don Cossacks briefly occupied
Tambov.
19 Aug
1920
"Antonovshchina" peasant revolt (named after Aleksandr
Stepanovich
Antonov [b. 1888 – d. 1922], chief of staff of United
Partisan
Army) in
Tambov region against Bolshevik power (by Feb 1921 the
rebels controlled the most of Governorate of Tambov,
except the
largest
towns).
20 May 1921
A republic
proclaimed "until convocation of
All-Russia Constituent
Assembly" (Provisional Democratic Republic
of Tambov Kray).
Summer
1921
Uprising is gradually quelled.
Head of Provisional Democratic Republic of
Tambov Kray (near Kirsanov, east of
Tambov)
20 May 1921 – 11 Jul 1921
Shendyapin
(d. 1921)
STK
Ufa
8 Nov 1917
Bolshevik rule in Ufa
(also 9 Nov 1917 in Samara, on 23 Dec 1917
in
Simbirsk [modern Ulyanovsk]).
Jun/Jul
1918
Area fell under authority of "Komuch" (see above)
after rebellion
of
the Czechoslovak Corps (Samara 8 Jun 1918,
Ufa 5 Jul 1918,
Simbirsk on 23 Jul 1918).
Sep/Dec 1918
Soviet advance, the area lost by
anti-Bolshevik troops (12 Sep
Simbirsk, Samara
7 Oct 1918, Ufa 30 Dec 1918).
23 Sep 1918
"Komuch" integrated
into the Provisional All-Russian Government
(see PARG above),
but its former executive body on 8 Oct 1918
re-established itself in Ufa as the Ufa Oblast
Government,
claiming "oblast autonomy" for the Ufa Governorate.
4 Nov 1918
Oblast Government
declared abolished by the PARG (dissolution
effected 2 Dec 1918).
13 Mar 1919 - 9 Jun 1919 Ufa
retaken by "White" troops of Supreme Ruler Kolchak.
Chairman of the Council of Managers of Ufa Oblast
Government (in Ufa)
8 Oct 1918 - 2 Dec 1918 Vasiliy
Nikolayevich Filippovskiy (b. 1882 - d. 1940)
PSR
Chief Administrator of Samara-Ufa Kray
(with rights of governor-general)
10 Dec 1918 - Apr 1919
Yevgeniy Kondratyevich Vishnevskiy (b. 1876 -
d.af.1945)Mil
(in Ufa, then in
Chelyabinsk Dec 1918-Mar 1919,
from Mar 1919 in Ufa)
Ural Cossack Host: see under Kazakhstan
Volga Germans: see under Russian
S.F.S.R. administrative divisions
Vyatka and Izhevsk
-
9 Nov 1917
Supreme Council for
Administration assumed provisional "supreme
authority" in the Vyatka Governorate (retrospectively
referred
to as the "Vyatka Republic"), except
the Izhevsk area under the
Bolshevik rule.
14 Dec 1917
Bolsheviks took over the city
of Vyatka (modern Kirov), on
21 Dec 1917 and arrested the Council.
8 Aug 1918
Pro-"Komuch" rebellion in
Izhevsk, a local anti-Bolshevik authority
established (from 14 Oct 1918 the area directly under the
Provisional All-Russian Government).
7 Nov 1918
Bolshevik troops
reoccupied Izhevsk.
7 Apr 1919 - 6 Jun 1919 Izhevsk briefly
occupied by the "White" Russian troops.
Chairmen of the Supreme Council for Administration of
Vyatka Governorate (in Vyatka)
9 Nov 1917 - 26 Nov 1917 Pyotr
Timofeyevich Salamatov (b. 1882
- d.af.1939)PSR
27 Nov 1917 - 21 Dec 1917 Vasiliy
Alekseyevich Treyter (b. 1875 -
d. 1929) Non-party
Chairmen of the Committee of Members of the Constituent
Assembly
of Prikamskiy Kray (in Izhevsk)
17 Aug 1918 - 9 Sep 1918 Vasiliy Ivanovich
Buzanov (b.
1885 - d. 1937) PSR
9 Sep 1918 - 14 Oct 1918 Nikolay Ivanovich
Yevseyev (b. 1883 -
d. 1937) PSR
South and the Caucasus
Abkhazia: see under Georgia
Aras Turkish Government: see
Nakhichevan under Azerbaijan
Armenian National
Council: see Armenia
Astrakhan Host
1818
Astrakhan Cossack
Host formed.
27 Nov 1917
Kalmyks incorporated in the
Host as the Kalmyk Department on the
basis of the resolution of the Kalmyk Congress of Nov
12-14, 1917
(not fully effected).
30 Nov 1917
Committee of People's Authority
formed, on 10 Dec 1917 it proclaimed
itself a "provisional supreme authority" in Astrakhan
Governorate.
25 Jan 1918
Take-over of
Astrakhan by Ataman of Astrakhan Cossack Host.
6 Feb 1918
Bolshevik rule in Astrakhan,
the Astrakhan Cossacks retreat to Don,
mostly at Velikoknyazheskaya (modern Proletarsk), and
Kuban
(later pro-German party), or join the Ural Cossacks (later
anti-German party; from Sep 1918, recognized the authority
of the
"Ufa Directory").
Jan 1919
The re-united Host, then at
Rostov-na-Donu, recognized the authority
of
Denikin, the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces in the
South
of Russia (see below),
on 8 Jan 1919 the Host "autonomy"
confirmed.
Jun 1919 – Jan
1920 "White"
forces, including Astrakhan Cossacks, in control of the
Kalmyk Steppe and Tsaritsyn (which became
seat of the Host
Ataman).
Apr 1920
Cossacks departed to
Crimea through Kuban and Tuapse.
4 Aug 1920
"Full internal self-government"
granted to four Cossack Hosts of
Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by
Vrangel', the Ruler in the
South of
Russia.
Nov 1920
Cossacks evacuate
Crimea for Turkey.
Ataman of the Astrakhan Cossack Host
17 Mar 1917 - 15 Oct 1917 Trofim Andreyevich
Sokolov
Mil
Chairman of the Committee of People's Authority
of Astrakhan Governorate
30 Nov 1917 - 25 Jan 1918 Aleksandr
Semyonovich Perfilyev (b. 1889 - d.
19..) PLSR
Atamans of the Astrakhan Cossack Host
25 Jan 1918 - 15 Feb 1918 Ivan Alekseyevich
Biryukov (b. 1856 -
d. 1919) Mil
(in office from 15 Oct 1917)
Mar 1918 - Jan 1919
Danzan Tundutov
(acting) (b.
1888 - d. 1923) Mil
Mar 1918 - Dec 1918
German Mikhaylovich Astakhov
(b. 1888 - d. 1970)
Mil
(1st time)(in opposition, at the Ural
Host)
Jan 1919 - Nov 1920
Nikolay Vasilyevich
Lyakhov (b. 1878
- d. 1945) Mil/KDP
(continued in exile
in Constantinople
1920-1921, in Belgrade 1921-1944,
finally in Berlin 1944-1945)
1945 - 20 Dec 1970
German Mikhaylovich Astakhov
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(in exile in Paris)
Chairmen of the Astrakhan Cossack
Host Government
25 Jan 1918 – Mar 1918
Nikolay Vasilyevich Lyakhov
(s.a.)
Mil/KDP
(in
office from Nov 1917, continued in opposition to
Dec 1918 at the Ural Host)
Mar 1918 - Jan 1919
Boris Emmanuilovich Krishtafovich
(b. 18.. - d. 1944) KDP
(acting)
Jan 1919 - Nov 1920
Sandzhi Bayanovich
Bayanov (b.
1884 - d.af.1937)PSR
Adzharistan: see Adjaria under
Georgia
Baku Commune: see under Azerbaijan
Batum (Batoum):
see Adjaria under Georgia
Black Sea
Governorate
![[Black Sea
Soviet Republic 1917-1918 (Russia)] [Black Sea Soviet
Republic 1917-1918 (Russia)]](om-old.gif)
17 Dec 1917 - 26 Aug 1918
|
9 Feb 1920 - 2 Apr 1920
Black Sea Liberation Committee
|
13 Dec 1917
Bolshevik rule in
Novorossiysk.
10 Mar
1918
Black Sea (Chernomorskaya) Soviet Republic
proclaimed in Black Sea
governorate, part of the Russian S.F.S.R.
30 May
1918
United with Kuban Soviet Republic to form Kuban-Black Sea Soviet
Republic.
7 Jul 1918
Part of the North Caucasian Soviet
Republic.
26 Aug 1918
Novorossiysk taken by the Volunteer Army (later Armed
Forces in
the South of Russia).
18 Sep 1918 - 6 Feb 1919 Sochi district
annexed by Georgia (occupied
from 6 Jul 1918).
9 Feb 1920 - 2 Apr 1920 Sochi under
rule of the Black Sea Governorate Liberation Committee
(formed 1 Dec 1919, in rebellion against
the "Whites", it is
abolished by Russian Soviet forces on 2
May 1920).
27 Mar 1920
Soviet Russian forces retake Novorossiysk
(Sochi is retaken on
29 Apr 1920).
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of
Soviets
10 Mar 1918 - 30 May 1918 Avraam Izrailevich
Rubin
(b. 1883 - d. 1918) RKP
Georgian commanders of the Sochi district
Jul 1918 - Oct 1918
Giorgi Mazniashvili
(b. 1870 - d.
1937) Mil
Oct 1918 - Feb 1919
Aleksandre Koniashvili
(b. 1873 – d. 1951) Mil
Chairman of the Black Sea Governorate Liberation
Committee
1 Dec 1919 - 2 May 1920 Vasiliy
Nikolayevich Samarin- (b. 1882 - d.
1940) PSR
Filippovskiy
Central Caspian Provisional
Dictatorship: see under Azerbaijan
Don
![[Don Soviet Republic 1918
(Russia)] [Don Soviet Republic
1918 (Russia)]](om-old.gif)
25 Feb 1918 - 8 May 1918
|
17 May 1918 - 8 Jan 1920
|
c.1549
Don
Cossack Host recorded for the first time (see under Russia).
7 Nov 1917
Don
Cossack Host Government assumed provisionally "the
entire
executive state authority" in the Don Host Oblast.
20 Nov 1917
Host Ataman declared
Don "provisionally independent until
establishment of legitimate Russian authority."
24 Feb
1918
Bolsheviks capture Rostov-na-Donu (the rebellion against
the Don
Cossacks began on 23 Jan 1918 by forming of the
Revolutionary
Committee in Kamenskaya).
25 Feb
1918
Bolsheviks capture Novocherkassk.
23 Mar
1918
Don Soviet Republic, part of the Russian S.F.S.R.,
established at
Rostov-na-Donu.
8 May
1918
German and Cossack forces retake the area (Germans
occupied Rostov-
na-Donu in so-called "police action" until Nov 1918),
the
government of Don Soviet Republic goes to Tsaritsyn
(modern
Volgograd) and then to Velikoknyazheskaya (modern
Proletarsk) to
28 Jun 1918.
17 May
1918
All-Great Don Host, declared "provisionally independent
until
restoration of legitimate Russian authority" and a
republic, the
Host constitution (Fundamental Laws) adopted.
8 Jan 1919
Under
authority of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
in the
South of Russia (see South of Russia),
Host "autonomy" confirmed.
8 Jan
1920
Novocherkassk is lost to Soviet forces (Rostov-na-Donu
lost 10 Jan
1920), Cossacks retreat toward Kuban, then Novorossiysk
and by
end of March 1920 the Crimea.
4 Aug
1920
"Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack
Hosts of
Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Vrangel', the Ruler
in the
South of Russia.
Nov
1920
Don Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Constantinople.
Don Cossack Host Atamans
20 Mar 1917 - 1 Jul
1917 Yevgeniy Andreevich
Voloshinov (b. 1881
- d. 1918) Mil
(acting to 8 May 1917, then interim)
1 Jul 1917 - 11
Feb 1918 Aleksey Maksimovich
Kaledin (b.
1861 - d. 1918) Mil
12 Feb 1918 - 25 Feb 1918 Anatoliy
Mikhaylovich Nazarov (b.
1876 - d. 1918) Mil
25 Feb 1918 - 15 Apr
1918 Pyotr Kharitonovich Popov (acting) (b. 1867 -
d. 1960) Mil
(in opposition to the
Bolsheviks in Velikoknyazheskaya,
then in Konstantinovsk)
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of
Soviets
23 Mar 1918 - 28 Jun 1918 Viktor
Semyonovich
Kovalyov (b.
1883 - d. 1919) RKP
(from May 1918 in
exile in Tsaritsyn, then in Velikoknyazheskaya)
Chairman of the Don Council of Defense
15 Apr 1918 - 21 Apr 1921 Georgiy Petrovich
Yanov
(b. 1878 - d. 1924) Mil
(in opposition to the Bolsheviks in Novocherkassk,
from 18 Apr 1918, in Konstantinovsk)
Chairman of the Don Provisional Government
21 Apr 1918 - 17 May
1918 Georgiy Petrovich
Yanov
(s.a.)
Mil
(to 8 May 1918 in
opposition to the Bolsheviks in Konstantinovsk)
All-Great Don Host Atamans
17 May 1918 - 15 Feb
1919 Pyotr Nikolayevich
Krasnov
(b. 1869 - d. 1947) Mil
15 Feb 1919 - Nov 1920 Afrikan
Petrovich Bogayevskiy (b.
1873 - d. 1934) Mil
(acting to 19 Feb 1919) (continued in exile in
Constantinople 1920-1921,
Sofia 1921-1922,
Belgrade 1922-1923, Paris 1923 - 21 Oct 1934)
1934 - 23 Jul 1942
Graf Mikhail Nikolayevich Grabbe (b.
1868 - d. 1942)
(in Paris exile)
1942 - 14 Oct 1947
Grigoriy Vasilyevich Tatarkin
(b. 1873 - d. 1947)
(in exile Belgrade
1942-1944, Berlin 1944-1945,
Munich 1945 - 14 Oct 1947)
Atamans of the All-Great Don Host Abroad
(in exile in New York)
1947 - 1965
Ivan
Alekseyevich Polyakov
(b. 1886 - d. 1969)
1965 - 18 Sep 2003
Nikolay Vasilyevich Fyodorov
(b. 1901 - d. 2003)
[not the last]
Chairmen of the Don Cossack Host Government
1 Jul 1917 - 25 Dec 1917 Aleksey
Maksimovich
Kaledin
(s.a.)
Mil
25 Dec 1917 - 25 Feb 1918 Mitrofan
Petrovich Bogayevskiy (b. 1881 -
d. 1918) Non-party
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
(from May 1918 in exile in Tsaritsyn, then in
Velikoknyazheskaya)
23 Mar 1918 - 11 May 1918 Fyodor
Grigoryevich Podtyolkov (b. 1886
- d. 1918) Mil/PLSR
11 May 1918 - 11 Jun
1918 Sergey Ivanovich Syrtsov (acting) (b.
1893 - d. 1937) RKP
11 Jun 1918 - 28 Jun 1918 Ippolit
Antonovich
Doroshev (b.
1896 - d. 1939) RKP
Chairmen of the Host Council of the Directors
of Departments
17 May 1918 - 19 Feb
1919 Afrikan Petrovich
Bogayevskiy
(s.a.)
Mil
20 Feb 1919 - 1 Nov 1919 Pyotr
Kharitonovich
Popov
(s.a.)
Mil
1 Nov 1919 - 23 Dec 1919 Zakhar
Akimovich Alferov
(b. 1874 - d.
1957) Mil
23 Dec 1919 - Feb 1920
Nikolay Mikhaylovich
Melnikov (b. 1882 - d.
1972) Non-party
Feb 1920 - Nov 1920
Mitrofan Vasilyevich
Korzhenevskiy (b. 1862 - d. 1926) Non-party
(acting)
German Commander in Rostov-na-Donu (of
Korps Knoerzer: 7th and 20th Landwehr
Divisions)
May 1918 – Oct 1918
Karl Albert von
Knoerzer
(b. 1858 - d. 1932)
Karabakh People's Government:
see Nagorno-Karabakh under Azerbaijan
Kars National Council: see
South-Western Caucasus under Turkey
Kuban
5 Dec 1918 - 17 Mar 1920
|
![[Kuban Soviet Republic, 1918 (Russia)] [Kuban Soviet Republic, 1918 (Russia)]](om-old.gif)
14 Mar 1918 - 17 Aug 1918 |
1788
Black Sea Cossack Host formed (largely former
Zaporozhian Sich
Cossacks, in 1793 relocated to
Kuban from modern Transnistria).
1860
Renamed Kuban
Cossack Host, incorporated the western part of the
dissolved Caucasus Line Cossack Host.
20 Oct
1917
Kuban Oblast is
renamed Kuban Kray, the first constitution
(Provisional Fundamental Regulations on Supreme
Governing
Institutions) adopted.
8 Nov 1917
Kuban Cossack
Host Government assumed provisionally "entire state
authority" in Kuban Kray.
28 Jan 1918
Kuban Kray
declared a "sovereign republic" within a federal Russia.
14 Mar 1918 - 17 Aug 1918 Communist occupation of
Yekaterinodar (modern Krasnodar) (the
rebellion against the Kuban Cossacks begun 16 Feb 1918
by forming
of the
Revolutionary Committee in Armavir).
13 Apr
1918
Kuban Soviet Republic, part of the Russian S.F.S.R.
30 May
1918
Kuban-Black Sea (Kubano-Chernomorskaya) Soviet
Republic created by
merger of Kuban Soviet Republic and Black Sea Soviet
Republic.
7 Jul
1918
North Caucasian (Severo-Kavkazskaya) Soviet
Republic founded on
First Congress of Councils of Northern Caucasus in
Yekaterinodar
by merger of the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic,
Stavropol Soviet
Republic, and nominally the Terek People's Soviet
Republic.
17 Aug
1918
Yekaterinodar captured by Denikin's Russian Volunteer
Army (later
Armed Forces in the South Russia) and Kuban Cossacks,
the Soviet
government is moved to Pyatigorsk (from Dec 1918 in
Tsaritsyn
[modern Volgograd]).
11 Nov 1918
Kuban Kray
declared a "sovereign state" within a Russian
federal
republic, on 5 Dec 1918 the second constitution
(Provisional
Fundamental Regulations on Governance)
adopted.
8 Jan 1919
Under authority of the
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the
South of Russia (see South
of Russia), Host "autonomy" confirmed.
11 Jan
1919
North Caucasian Soviet Republic is formally liquidated
by Russian
S.F.S.R.
17 Mar
1920
Yekaterinodar is retaken by Communist forces.
3 May
1920
Capitulation of part of "White" Cossack forces of Kuban
at Sochi
and Tuapse, part of Cossacks evacuated to Crimea or
Georgia.
4 Aug
1920
"Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack
Hosts of
Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by
Vrangel', the Ruler in the
South of
Russia.
Nov
1920
Kuban Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Lemnos Island,
Greece.
Kuban Cossack Host Atamans
Mar 1917 - 23 Oct 1917
Konstantin Porfiryevich Gadenko
Mil
(acting)
23 Oct 1917 - 23 Nov 1919
Aleksandr Petrovich Filimonov
(b. 1867 - d. 1948) Mil
(in opposition to the Bolsheviks Mar 1918 -
Aug 1918, first in various locations in Kuban
countryside, from May 1918 in Novocherkassk at Don)
Oct 1917 - Nov 1917
Ivan Leontyevich Makarenko
(b. 1882 - d. 1945) CH
(acting for Filimonov)
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
(from Aug 1918, in exile in Pyatigorsk)
13 Apr 1918 - 19 May 1918 Yan Vasilyevich
Poluyan
(b. 1891 - d.
1937) RKP
19 May 1918 - 30 May 1918 Ivan Pavlovich
Borisenko
(b. 1890 - d. 1964) RKP
30 May 1918 - 21 Oct 1918 Avraam Izrailevich
Rubin
(b. 1883 - d. 1918) RKP
Commander-in-chief of the North Caucasus Red Army
(in exile in Pyatigorsk)
21 Oct 1918 - 28 Oct 1918 Ivan Lukich
Sorokin
(b. 1884 - d. 1918) Mil/RKP
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of
Soviets
(in exile in Pyatigorsk, from Dec 1918 in Tsaritsyn)
28 Oct 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Maksim Sergeyevich
Akulov (b. 1897 -
d. 1924) RKP
Kuban Cossack Host Atamans
23 Nov 1919 - 24 Nov 1919 Pavel Ivanovich
Kurganskiy (acting)(b. 1879 - d. 1957) CH
24 Nov 1919 - 29 Dec 1919 Nikolay Mitrofanovich
Uspenskiy (b. 1875 - d. 1919)
Mil
29 Dec 1919 - 13 Jan 1920 Filip Semyonovich
Sushkov (acting) (b. 1864 - d. 1946) LI
13 Jan 1920 - Mar 1920 Nikolay
Andrianovich Bukretov (b.
1876 - d. 1930) Mil
Mar 1920 - Nov 1920
Vasiliy Nikolayevich
Ivanis (b.
1888 - d. 1974) Mil
(acting)
1920 - 1958
Vyacheslav Grigoryevich
Naumenko (b. 1883 - d. 1973)
(in exile Lemnos Island, Greece 1920-1921;
Belgrade
1921-1944, in Berin 1944-1945,
West Germany 1945-1949, from 1949 New York)
Atamans of the Kuban Cossack Host Abroad
(in exile in New York, from 1978 in Howell, New Jersey)
1958 - 1966
Boris Ivanovich Tkachev
(b.
1896 - d. 1972)
1966 - 18 Sep 1975
Vladimir Ivanovich Tretyakov
(b. 1897 - d. 1975)
1975 - 7 Mar 1984
Aleksandr Vasilyevich Bublik
(b. 1934 - d. 1984)
1984 -
Aleksandr Mikhaylovich
Pevnev (b. 1929)
Chairman of the Kuban Cossack Host Government
30 Apr 1917 - 14 Nov 1917 Alexander Petrovich
Filimonov (s.a.)
Mil
Chairmen of the Kuban Kray Government
14 Nov 1917 - 31 Dec 1918 Luka
Lavrentyevich Bych
(b. 1870 - d. 1945) PSR/CH
(in opposition to the Bolsheviks
Mar 1918 –
Aug 1918, first in various locations in Kuban
countryside, from May 1918 in Novocherkassk at Don)
18 Dec 1918 - 19 May 1919 Filip Semyonovich
Sushkov
(s.a.)
LI
(acting
for Bych to 31 Dec 1918)
(1st time)
19 May 1919 - 25 May 1919 Daniil Yermolayevich
Skobtsov (b. 1884 - d.
1969) LI
(acting)
25 May 1919 - 11 Dec 1919 Pavel Ivanovich
Kurganskiy
(s.a.)
CH
11 Dec 1919 - 18 Jan 1920 Filip
Semyonovich Sushkov
(s.a.)
LI
(2nd time)
18 Jan 1920 - Nov 1920 Vasiliy
Nikolayevich Ivanis
(s.a.)
Mil
c.Aug 1920
Ivan Georgiyevich Zakharov
Mil
(acting
for Ivanis)
Abbreviations: CH = Chernomortsy
(Black Sea Cossacks, informal, Kuban Cossack
nationalist, 1917-1920); LI =
Lineytsy (Line Cossacks, informal, Kuban Cossack
moderate autonomist, 1917-1920)
Mountainous Armenia: see Zangezur (Syunik)
under Armenia
Mountainous Karabakh: see Nagorno-Karabakh
under Azerbaijan
Nakhichevan: see under Azerbaijan
Mugan: see Talysh-Mughan under Azerbaijan
South
of Russia
7 Jan 1918
Volunteer
Army formed in Rostov-na-Donu (the first anti-Bolshevik
unit to be called the "White Guard").
22 Feb 1918
Volunteer
Army left Don for Kuban, on 30 Mar 1918 allied with the
Kuban Cossacks,
then based in various locations along Kuban-Don
border.
21 Jul 1918
Stavropol taken by
"Whites", the Volunteer Army begun to acquire
territory outside of Cossack areas (Novorossiysk
taken 26 Aug
1918).
3 Oct 1918
"Governorates
and Oblasts Occupied by Volunteer Army", a provisional
territorial entity proclaimed (All-Russian authority,
claimed by
the "Ufa Directory",
not recognized).
8 Jan 1919
Armed Forces
in the South of Russia (AFSR) organized by agreement
between the Volunteer Army and the
All-Great Don Host, the "Areas
Administered by AFSR" created (included the Don, Kuban
and
eventually Terek Cossack Host areas), the
commander-in-chief of
AFSR recognized as the supreme
"White" authority in the South of
Russia.
25 Jun 1919
AFSR recognized
Aleksandr Kolchak as Supreme Ruler of the Russian
state (see Alternative "White" Central
Governments), while Anton
Denikin,
commander-in-chief of AFSR, retained "entire military
and
civil authority
in the South of Russia."
Sep 1919 - Oct 1919
Maximum "White" advance towards
Moscow (Kursk occupied 20 Sep - 19
Nov,
Voronezh occupied 6 - 24 Oct, Oryol occupied 13 - 20
Oct).
15 Jan 1920
Supreme authority of the
Russian state devolved to Denikin,
appointed as successor of Aleksandr
Vasilyevich Kolchak on 4 Jan
1920, but he accepted neither the functions nor
style of Supreme
Ruler (the supreme authority lapsed).
21 Feb 1920 - 27 Mar 1920 Government in
South of Russia created by Denikin (he was recognized
as "head of authority in South of Russia", a
status but not
style) in Novorossiysk by agreement of AFSR with 3
Cossack Hosts.
27 Mar 1920
Novorossiysk occupied by Soviet Russian forces, the "White"
headquarters moved to Crimea.
11 Apr 1920
Baron Vrangel'
(Wrangel) assumes the style of the Ruler claiming
the supreme Russian authority (see
Alternative "White"
Central
Governments).
Commanders-in-chief of the Volunteer Army (from
Aug 1918, in Yekaterinodar)
7 Jan 1918 - 8 Oct 1918
Mikhail Vasilyevich
Alekseyev (b. 1857 - d.
1918) Mil
(with style of the Supreme Chief)
8 Oct 1918 - 8 Jan 1919 Anton
Ivanovich Denikin
(b. 1872 - d. 1947) Mil
Commanders-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the South
of Russia
8 Jan 1919 - 4 Apr
1920 Anton Ivanovich
Denikin
(s.a.)
Mil
(in Taganrog to Dec 1919, in Tikhoretsk Dec
1919 - Feb
1920, in Novorossiysk Feb 1920-Mar 1920,
then Feodosiya)
4 Apr 1920 - 11 Apr 1920 Baron Pyotr
Nikolayevich Vrangel' (b. 1878 - d. 1928)
Mil
(Wrangel)(in Sevastopol')
Chairmen of the Special Consultation with the
Commander-in-chief (on 15 Feb 1919
formally
granted the executive function)(to Jul 1919 in
Yekaterinodar, then in Rostov-na-Donu)
31 Aug 1918 -
8 Oct 1918 Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev
(b. 1857 - d. 1918) Mil
8 Oct
1918 - 25 Oct 1919 Avram Mikhaylovich Dragomirov
(b. 1868 - d. 1955) Mil
Sep 1919 - 25
Oct 1919 Aleksandr Sergeyevich
Lukomskiy (b. 1868 - d. 1939)
Mil
(acting for
Dragomirov)
25 Oct 1919 -
30 Dec 1919 Aleksandr Sergeyevich
Lukomskiy (s.a.)
Mil
Chairman
of the Council of Managers with the Commander-in-chief
(in Novorossiysk)
30
Dec 1919 - 21 Feb 1920 Aleksandr Sergeyevich
Lukomskiy (s.a.)
Mil
Chairman
of the Council of Ministers of the Government in the
South of Russia
21
Feb 1920 - 27 Mar 1920 Nikolay Mikhaylovich
Melnikov (b. 1881 - d.
1972) Non-party
(in Novorossiysk)
South-East Union of Cossack Hosts, Mountain Peoples of
the Caucasus, and Free People of the Steppes
2 Nov 1917
Treaty of union of Cossack
hosts of Don, Kuban, Astrakhan and Terek,
Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, and Free People of
the
Steppes (this designation stood for the Kalmyks) is
signed at
Vladikavkaz.
14 Nov
1917
Treaty of union also approved by the Ural Host
Government.
29 Nov
1917
United government of the South-East Union of Cossack
Hosts, Mountain
Peoples of the Caucasus, and Free People of the
Steppes is
constituted in Yekaterinodar (Kuban), as part of the
Russian
federal republic.
28 Feb 1918
United government ceases to
function.
Chairman of the United Government
29 Nov 1917 – 28 Feb 1918 Vasiliy Akimovich
Kharlamov
(b. 1875 – d. 1957) KDP
South-Western Caucasus
Government: see under Turkey
Stavropol
-
-
14 Jan 1918 - 21 Jul 1918
|
19 Nov
1917
Bolshevik rule rejected by the Stavropol Governorate
Zemstvo
(self-administration).
14 Jan
1918
Bolshevik rule in Stavropol governorate, Stavropol
Soviet Republic
(Stavropol'skaya Sovetskaya Respublika)(this
designation came in
use later and was not formally adopted), founded in
Stavropol,
part of the Russian
S.F.S.R.
7 Jul
1918
Stavropol Soviet Republic merged into North
Caucasian Soviet
Republic.
21 Jul
1918
Under "White" forces (later Armed Forces in the South of
Russia).
29 Feb
1920
Soviet Russian forces retake Stavropol.
Chairman of the Stavropol Governorate Zemstvo
Board
1917? - 14 Jan
1918 Anatoliy
Matveyevich Kukhtin ? (d.
af.1919)
Chairmen of the Stavropol Governorate Executive
Committee of Soviets
14 Jan 1918 - 4 Apr 1918 Grigoriy
Ivanovich Meshcheryakov
SSRM
4 Apr 1918 - 28 Apr
1918 Anton Semyonovich
Vdovichenko
PLSR
Chairman of the Military-Revolutionary
Committee
28 Apr 1918 - 9 May 1918
Grigoriy Ivanovich
Meshcheryakov
SSRM
Chairman of the Stavropol Governorate Executive
Committee of Soviets
9 May 1918 - 7 Jul 1918 Ivan
Yemelyanovich Deyneko (Shatov)(b. 1881 – d. 1942)
RKP
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
21 Jan 1918 - 9 May 1918 Aleksandr
Andreyevich Ponomaryev (b. 1876 - d. 1941)
RSDRP-B/RKP
(imprisoned from 28 Apr 1918)
9 May 1918
Post
abolished
Terek
![[Terek
People's Soviet Republic, 1918-1919 (Russia)] [Terek People's Soviet
Republic, 1918-1919 (Russia)]](om-old.gif)
16 Mar 1918 - 11 Feb 1919
|
![[Terek Cossack Host Flag in
exile c.1950s (adopted possibly in the
1920s)(Russia)] [Terek Cossack Host Flag
in exile c.1950s (adopted possibly in the 1920s)
(Russia)]](ru-terek.png)
Terek Cossack Host Flag in exile c.1950's
(adopted possibly in the 1920's)
|
1712
Grebni Cossack Host organized.
1832
Caucasus Line
Cossack Host formed from Grebni Host and other
Cossack entities.
1860
Renamed Terek
Cossack Host.
10 Nov 1917
Host Government assumed
provisionally "entire state authority"
in Terek Oblast.
14 Dec 1917 - 18 Mar 1918 Provisional Government
Council of Terek-Dagestan Kray formed in
Vladikavkaz by agreement between Terek Cossacks and
Mountain
Peoples,
claimed "provisional entire authority until
establishment
of
legitimate Russian authority" in Terek and Dagestan Oblasti.
16 Mar 1918
Terek People's Soviet
Republic, as part of the Russian S.F.S.R.,
founded by Congress of Terek People's at Pyatigorsk (the
rebellion
against Terek-Dagestan Government began by Bolshevik
takeover of
Grozny
on 13 Jan 1918 and by forming of the People's Council on
31 Jan 1918 in Pyatigorsk).
19 Mar 1918
Soviet troops occupy Vladikavkaz.
3 Jul 1918 - 23 Nov 1918 Cossack rebellion,
a provisional government formed in Mozdok (the
Cossacks
briefly occupy Vladikavkaz 6 - 17 Aug 1918), on 3 Oct
1918 the
Terek Republic, as part of a Russian federal republic,
proclaimed.
7 Jul 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Terek People's
Soviet Republic declared to be merged into the North
Caucasian Soviet Republic
(not effected).
11 Jan
1919
Terek People's Soviet Republic is dissolved by the
Russian S.F.S.R.
11 Feb 1919
Vladikavkaz occupied by
Denikin's "White" Armed Forces in the South
of
Russia (AFSR)(see South of
Russia) and the Terek Cossacks
(Pyatigorsk occupied already 20 Jan 1919, Grozny
4 Feb 1919).
7 Mar 1919
Authority of the "autonomous" restored Terek Cossack
Host limited to
the
Cossack areas in the Terek Oblast (areas of the
Mountain
People's
and the 3 main urban areas remained under direct
authority
of
AFSR), on 20 Jun 1920 the Host constitution (Provisional
Regulations on Governance) is adopted.
5 Apr 1920
Soviet re-occupation of
Vladikavkaz (Pyatigorsk already taken 16 Mar
1920,
Grozny 20 Mar 1920), the Terek Cossacks are evacuated to
Georgia and then to the Crimea.
4 Aug
1920
"Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack
Hosts of
Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Baron Vrangel', the
Ruler in
the
South of Russia.
Nov
1920
Terek Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Turkey.
20 Jan 1921
Some territory part of Mountain Autonomous
Socialist Soviet
Republic (proclaimed 17 Nov 1920).
Terek Cossack Host Atamans
9 Apr 1917 - 29 Dec 1917 Mikhail
Aleksandrovich Karaulov (b. 1878 - d.
1917) Mil
29 Dec 1917 - 8 Mar 1918 Lev Yefimovich
Medyanik (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1918)
Mil
Chairmen of the Provisional Terek-Dagestan Kray Government
Council
14 Dec 1917 - 18 Mar 1918 Knyaz' Rashid-Khan
Zabitovich (b. 1883 - d. 1937)
SGSK
Kaplanov
(left Feb 1918 for Tiflis, Georgia)
Feb 1918 - 18 Mar 1918 Aslan-Bek
Butayev
(b. 1880 – d. 1938) SGSK
(acting for Kaplanov)
Chairmen of the Terek People's Council
31 Jan 1918 - 11 Mar 1918 Yuriy
Gavrilovich Pashkovskiy
(b. 1889 - d. 1918) PLSR
(in Pyatigorsk, in
dissidence)
11 Mar 1918 - 15 Mar 1918 Pavel Feliksovich Karpinskiy
(b. 1858 - d. 1919) PLSR
(acting)(in dissidence)
15 Mar 1918 - Aug 1918 Yermolay
Sergeyevich Bogdanov
RSDRP-I
Aug 1918 - Dec 1918
Akhmet Tambulatovich Tsalikov
(b. 1882 – d. 1928) RSDRP-I
Dec 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Said
Ibragimovich Gabiyev
(b. 1882 – d. 1963) PLSR
Chairman of Terek Kray Provisional
Cossack-Peasant People's Government
(in rebellion, in Mozdok)
3 Jul 1918 - 23 Nov 1918 Georgiy Fyodorovich
Bicherakhov (b. 1878 – d. 1920)
RSDRP-M
(continued in exile at Petrovsk-Port to 8 Dec
1918)
Chief administrators of Terek-Dagestan Kray
(with rights of governor-general, in Pyatigorsk)
23 Jan 1919 - 29 Apr 1919 Vladimir Platonovich
Lyakhov (b. 1869 – d.
1920) Mil
Mar 1919 - 29 Apr 1919 Yevgeniy
Vasilyevich Maslovskiy (b. 1876 – d.
1971) Mil
(acting for absent Lyakhov)
Chief administrator of North Caucasus (with rights
of governor-general, in Pyatigorsk)
(in charge of Terek, Dagestan, Stavropol, Kalmyk Steppe,
and Transcaspia)
29 Apr 1919 - Apr 1920 Ivan
Georgiyevich Erdeli
(b. 1870 – d. 1939) Mil
Terek Cossack Host Ataman
7 Mar 1919 - Nov 1920 Gerasim
Andreyevich Vdovenko (b.
1867 - d. 1946) Mil
(continued in exile in Constantinople 1920-1921,
Belgrade
1921-1945, Soviet prisoner from 1945)
Atamans of the Terek Cossack Host Abroad
1952 - 1970
Konstantin Konstantinovich
Agoyev (b. 1889 – d. 1971)
(in exile in Fairfield, Connecticut)
1970 - 1973
Vladimir
Ivanovich Staritskiy (b. 1885 – d.
1975)
(in exile in Dorchester, Maryland)
1973 - 1981
Konstantin Iosifovich
Shcherbakov (b. 1891 – d. 1983)
(in exile in Richmond, Virginia)
1981 - 7 Jan 1998
Nikolay Nikolayevich
Protopopov (b. 1921 – d. 1998)
(in exile in Monterey, California)
Chairman of the Terek Cossack Host Government
Apr 1917 - 8 Mar 1918 Lev
Yefimovich Medyanik
(s.a.)
Mil
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
9 Mar 1918 - 20 Jun 1918 Samuil Grigoryevich
Buachidze (b. 1882 - d.
1918) RKP
20 Jun 1918 - 20 Aug 1918 Yuriy Gavrilovich
Pashkovskiy (s.a.)
PLSR
20 Aug 1918 - Dec 1918 Frits
Khristianovich
Bulle (b.
1883 – d. 1939) RKP
(Fricis Bulle)
Dec 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Yakov Petrovich
Butyrin (b.
1884 – d. 1919) RSDRP-I
Chairmen of Terek Cossack Host Government
7 Mar 1919 - early 1920 Valentin
Iosifovich Abramov
Non-party
early 1920 - Nov 1920 Yevgeniy
Aleksandrovich
(b. 1890 – d. 1943) Mil
Bukanovskiy
Dagestan
-
- 11 May 1918 - 24 May 1919
- Mountain Republic Flag
|
-
- 19 Oct 1918 - 8 Nov 1918
- Caucasus-Caspian Government
Flag
|
-
- 19 Sep 1919 - Apr 1920
- North Caucasus Emirate Flag
|
-
- 19 Oct 1919 - 7 Feb
1920 Mountain Rep. Flag
- or Council of Defense of
North Caucasus (possible)
|
|
|
Nov 1917
Dagestan Oblast
Executive Committee, located in Temir-Khan-Shura
(modern Buynaksk), does not recognize Bolshevik
rule.
13 Dec 1917
Petrovsk-Port (modern Makhachkala) City Soviet seizes
power in the
city and along the coast.
14 Dec 1917
Dagestan claimed by the
Terek-Dagestan provisional government
(largely not effected).
23 Mar
1918
Petrovsk-Port occupied by anti-Bolshevik forces.
19 Apr
1918
Communists from Baku (see Baku Commune)
retake Petrovsk-Port
(Temir-Khan-Shura also taken on 1
May 1918).
May 1918 – Oct 1918
Imam of Dagestan (Imamate was
proclaimed 25 Jan 1918) attempted to
organize "government of Dagestan" in Gunib in opposition
to the
Bolsheviks.
11 May
1918
Republic of the Union of Mountain Peoples
of the North Caucasus
(also officially styled as "Mountain Republic" or "North
Caucasus
Republic") founded in exile in Batumi
(nominally consisting of 7
"states" - Dagestan, Chechen-Ingush,
Ossetia, Kabarda, Karachay-
Balkar, Circassia, and Abkhazia), independence from
Russia
proclaimed (not recognized by Soviet Russia or
"White" Russians).
8 Jun 1918
Independence of the Mountain Republic recognized by the
Ottoman
Empire in the Treaty of Batum.
2 Sep 1918
Petrovsk-Port occupied by troops of Central Caspian
Dictatorship
from Baku (Temir-Khan-Shura occupied 18 Sep
1918), on 19 Oct 1918
the local Caucasus-Caspian Union
Provisional Government organized
in Petrovsk-Port, it recognized the supreme
Russian authority of
the "Ufa Directory".
8 Nov 1918 – 30 Nov 1918
Turkish occupation of Petrovsk-Port (in Derbent already
from 6 Oct
1918, in Temir-Khan-Shura from 23 Oct 1918) on behalf of
the
Mountain Republic.
8 Nov
1918
Government of the Mountain Republic moved to
Temir-Khan-Shura (in
Derbent from 12 Oct 1918).
Dec 1918 – Jul 1919
British troops stationed in
Petrovsk-Port.
22 Dec 1918
Constitution (Provisional Regulations on the Union
Council and
Government of the Mountain Republic)
adopted, the Republic
actually controlled only the largest part of the
Dagestan Oblast.
24 May
1919
Mountain Republic abolished with occupation of
Temir-Khan-Shura by
Denikin's "White" Armed Forces in the South
of Russia (Petrovsk-
Port occupied on
21 May 1919).
19 Sep 1919 – Apr
1920 North Caucasus Emirate
founded (in rebellion against Russian "White"
Army), capital Vedeno (in south-east Chechnya).
19 Oct 1919 – 7 Feb 1920
Pro-republican Council of Defense of North Caucasus
founded (in
rebellion against Russian "White" Army), capital in
Levashi; on
7 Feb 1920 taken over by the formerly allied Red
partisans.
30 Mar
1920
Soviet Red Army takes Petrovsk-Port (Temir-Khan-Shura
taken on
24 Mar 1920), "White" troops leave for Persia.
5 Sep 1920 - May
1921 Imamate of Dagestan (again)
proclaimed, in rebellion against Soviet
rule, capital in
Botlikh.
20 Jan
1921
Dagestan A.S.S.R. (within Russian
S.F.S.R.)(proclaimed 13 Nov 1920)
(see under Russian S.F.S.R
admin.)
Note: Ethnic affiliation given in
brackets.
Chairman of Dagestan Oblast Executive
Committee (in Temir-Khan-Shura)
23 Nov 1917 - Apr 1918
Temir-Bulat Bammatov [Kumyk]
(b. 1887 - d.
1918) SGSK
Imam of Dagestan (in
Gunib)
May 1918 - Oct 1918
Najmuddin Hutsi [Avar] (1st time) (b. 1859 - d.
1925)
(= Nazhmudin Gotsinskiy)
(proclaimed 25 Jan 1918)
Chairmen of the Government of the Republic of the
Union of Mountain Peoples
11 May 1918 - 20 Dec 1918 Abdul-Madzhid
"Thapa" Chermoyev (b. 1882 - d. 1937)
SGSK
[Chechen](in Tiflis, Georgia, exile May - Oct 1918)
20 Dec 1918 - 20 May 1919 Pshemakho
Tamashevich Kotsev (b. 1884 -
d. 1962) SGSK
[Kabardian]
Feb 1919 - 22 Mar 1919
Knyaz' Nukh-Bek Tarkovskiy [Kumyk] (b. 1878 -
d. 1951) Mil
(acting for absent Kotsev)
20 May 1919 - 24 May 1919 Minkail Khalilov
[Lak] (b.
1869 - d. 1935) Mil
Chairman of the Caucasus-Caspian Union
Provisional Government
19 Oct 1918 - 8 Nov 1918 Lazar
Fyodorovich Bicherakhov (b.
1882 - d. 1952) RSDRP-M/Mil
[Ossetian]
(in opposition to the Republic of Mountain Peoples)
Emirs of North Caucasus (in
Vedeno)
19 Sep 1919 - 30 Mar 1920 Uzun
Haji Khair Khan Salti [Avar] (b. 1848 - d. 1920)
(= Uzun-Khadzhi Saltinskiy)
30 Mar 1920 - Apr 1920
Sheikh Dervish Mukhammad [Avar]
Chairmen of Council of Defense of North
Caucasus (in Levashi)
19 Oct 1919 - 7 Feb 1920 Sheikh Ali
Haji Aqushi [Dargin] (b. 1847 -
d. 1930)
(= Ali-Khadzhi Akushinskiy)
Oct 1919 - Nov 1919
Ali-Khan Kantemir
[Ossetian] (b. 1886 -
d. 1963)
(acting for Ali Haji)
Imams of Dagestan (in Botlikh)
5 Sep 1920 - May
1921 Najmuddin Hutsi [Avar] (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(= Nazhmudin Gotsinskiy)
May
1921
Mukhammad
Said-Bek [Avar] (b.
1901 - d. 1981)
Grand Vizier of Emirate (prime
minister)(in Vedeno)
22 Sep 1919 - 6 Feb 1920 Inaluk
Arsanukayev-Dyshninskiy (d.
1921) Mil
("Mukhammad Kiyamil Khan") [Chechen]
Ottoman Turkish Commander (of the
15th Division)
Oct 1918 - 30 Nov 1918 Yusuf
Izzet Pasha
(b. 1876
- d. 1922)
British Representative in the North Caucasus
Dec 1918 - Jul 1919
Sir Alfred "Toby" Rawlinson
(b. 1867 - d. 1934)
Mountain People's Republic: see
under Dagestan
Mugan Republic:
see under Azerbaijan
Nakhichevan
Republic Soviet Socialist Republic: see under Azerbaijan
North Caucasus Emirate: see
under Dagestan
North Caucasian Soviet
Republic: see under Kuban
Syunik Republic:
see Zangezur (Syunik) under Armenia
Transcaucasia
Democratic Federative Republic: see under Georgia
Central Asia
Alash-Orda (All-Kirghiz People's Council): see Kazakhstan
Amudarya Provisional
Government: see Karakalpakstan under Uzbekistan
Basmachi: see Kokand under Uzbekistan
Bukhara (Bokhara) and Bukharan
People's Soviet Republic: see under Uzbekistan
Fergana Autonomy: see Kokand
under Uzbekistan
Khorazm/Khiva/Khorazmian
People's Soviet Republic: see under Uzbekistan
Pamir Revolutionary Committee:
see Gorno-Badakshan under Tajikistan
Turkestan Autonomous Soviet
Socialist Republic ("Turksovnarkom"): see under Uzbekistan
Transcaspian Oblast: see under
Turkmenistan
Turkestan Turkic Independent
Islamic Republic: see Kokand under Uzbekistan
Siberia
Siberia Region
28 Oct 1917
First Siberian Oblast
Assembly elects an executive committee
at
Tomsk.
Nov/Dec 1917
Bolshevik authority
established in most of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk 10
Nov, Irkutsk 2 Dec, Omsk 13 Dec, Tomsk 19 Dec, Barnaul
20 Dec
1917) under the largely autonomous Central Executive
Committee
of Soviets of Siberia ("Tsentrosibir"), described as
"Soviet
regional association", in Irkutsk.
20-28 Dec 1917
All-Siberian Oblast Extraordinary
Assembly is convened in Tomsk
(with representatives from the Governorates
and Oblasti of
Akmolinsk, Altay, Irkutsk, Semipalatinsk, Tobolsk,
Tomsk,
Transbaikal, Yakutsk, and Yenisey), and declares itself
"autonomous oblast authority" and its opposition
to the
Bolsheviks in Petrograd.
26 Dec 1917
Provisional Siberian Oblast Council
accepted 'regulations' for the
provisional institutions of the Siberian
administration
(provisional constitution).
7-8 Feb
1918
Bolshevik forces begin arresting local
autonomy leaders.
10 Feb 1918
Provisional
Siberian Government (PSG)(Vremennoye pravitel'stvo
Sibiri) is established at Tomsk by the first
(underground) session
of
Siberian Oblast Duma (8 Feb-14 Feb 1918), which
claimed
"entire authority until convocation of the Siberian
Constituent
Assembly."
Feb 1918
PSG flees Bolshevik forces for
Chita, then in exile in Harbin, later
Vladivostok; by then only the Tobolsk Governorate (see Tobolsk)
and Yakutsk Oblast (see Yakutia)
were outside of Bolshevik
control.
20 May 1918
The Czechoslovak Corps refuses Bolshevik
demands to disarm and
convenes
a congress of corps units delegates
at Chelyabinsk and
the congress forms the Provisional Executive Committee
of the
Czechoslovak Corps and the Military Council.
25-26 May
1918
Bolshevik forces in central Siberia are
overthrown by Czechoslovak
Corps
and "White" Russian (Siberian) forces. Bolsheviks
evacuate
Novo-Nikolayevsk (modern Novosibirsk) on 26 May 1918,
Tomsk on
31 May 1918, Omsk on 7 Jun 1918, Barnaul 15 Jun
1918, Krasnoyarsk
19 Jun 1918, Irkutsk on 11 Jul 1918.
26 May 1918
Western Siberian Commissariat (WSC)(Zapadno-Sibirskiy
Komissariat),
earlier
established by PSG, at Novo-Nikolayevsk (in Omsk from
7 Jun 1918) led the anti-Bolshevik resistance (WSC
nominally
represented PSG, on 30 Jun 1918 renamed the Provisional
Government
of
Autonomous Siberia [PGAS], located in Vladivostok [see
Primorye]).
29 Jun
1918
Alternative Provisional Government of Siberia
(PGS) formed in Omsk,
at a meeting featuring several members of the former
body (PSG)
who
were still in Western Siberia, and WSC dissolved (PGS
rejected
authority of "Komuch" in Samara).
30 Jun
1918
PGAS in Vladivostok (see under Primorye) refuse to recognize the
reformed
PGS in Omsk and continue in dissidence to 22 Sep 1918
claiming to be the legitimate Siberian
government.
4 Jul
1918
Declaration on Siberian state
sovereignty (Deklyaraciya o
gosudarstvennoy samostoyatel'nosti Sibiri)
"within Russian state"
adopted by PGS "until such time as territory of European
Russia]
was
cleared of Bolshevik and German occupation" (PGS claimed
"supreme
authority of Siberia" from the Pacific to the Urals).
The
declaration was opposed by the PGAS.
23 Sep 1918
PGS
together with "Komuch" established Provisional
All-Russian
Government in Ufa ("Ufa Directory")(see PARG above) and
recognized
its
supreme authority.
3 Nov 1918
Provisional
Government of Siberia passes power to
Provisional All-
Russian Government
and dissolves itself (as decided 23 Oct 1918).
27 Jan 1919
Trans-Siberian Railway between
Novo-Nikolayevsk and Irkutsk made a
"Czechoslovak zone of operations" by the Inter-Allied
Railway
Agreement of 9 Jan 1919.
Oct 1919/Jan 1920
Red Army retook Siberia as "White" troops of Supreme
Ruler Kolchak
retreated (Omsk 15 Nov 1919, Barnaul 11 Dec 1919, Tomsk
on 22 Dec
1919,
and Krasnoyarsk on 4 Jan 1920).
25 Dec 1919 - 4 Jan 1920 Krasnoyarsk taken
over by the Yenisey Governorate Zemstvo Board
(self-administration) with support of the
local garrison.
5 Jan 1920 – 21 Jan 1920 Irkutsk taken over
by the Socialist Political Center (claiming to be
Siberian authority) in opposition to Kolchak (on
21 Jan 1920 they
surrendered city to the "Red" partisans).
7 Feb
1920
The Soviet government and the Command of the
Czechoslovak Army sign
a truce
in Irkutsk (Czechoslovaks left Irkutsk by
Mar 1920 and by
2 Sep
1920 were evacuated via Vladivostok).
Feb 1921 – Jun 1921
"Western Siberian Peasant Rebellion," controls large
areas
(except
of main cities) from the Ob River estuary in the north
to
Lake
Balkhash in the south (no overall political
administration,
but the
principal center was Tobolsk (see Tobolsk).
Chairman of the Siberian Oblast Executive
Committee (in Tomsk)
28 Oct 1917 - 26 Dec 1917 Vladimir Mikhaylovich
Krutovskiy (b. 1856 - d. 1938) SSO
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
of Siberia (in Irkutsk)
(also chairmen of Council of People's
Commissars 16 Feb-28 Feb 1918 and 21 Aug-28 Aug 1918)
5 Nov 1917 - 28 Feb 1918 Boris Zakharovich
Shumyatskiy (b. 1886 - d.
1938) RSDSRP-B
28 Feb 1918 - 28 Aug 1918 Nikolay Nikolayevich
Yakovlev (b. 1886 - d.
1918) RKP
Jul 1918 - 28 Aug 1918 Nikolay
Andreyevich Gavrilov (b.
1886 - d. 1919) RKP
(acting for absent Yakovlev; in Verkhneudinsk,
from 16
Aug 1918 in Chita)
Chairmen of the Provisional Siberian Oblast
Council (in Tomsk, increasingly underground)
26 Dec 1917 - 14 Jan 1918 Grigoriy Nikolayevich
Potanin (b. 1835 - d.
1920) SSO
14 Jan 1918 - 10 Feb 1918 Pyotr Yakovlevich
Derber
(b. 1888 - d. 1929) PSR
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional
Siberian Government (PSG)
10 Feb 1918 - 30 Jun 1918 Pyotr Yakovlevich
Derber
(s.a.)
PSR
(in Tomsk underground, in Feb 1918 briefly in Chita;
in Harbin, China exile 1 Mar - Jun 1918; continued
as
chairman of Provisional Government of Autonomous
Siberia in dissidence to PGS in Vladivostok
30 Jun 1918 - 21 Jul 1918)
Western Siberian Commissariat of the Provisional
Siberian Government
(in Novo-Nikolayevsk [Novosibirsk]; from 7 Jun 1918 in
Omsk)
26 May 1918 - 30 Jun 1918 Mikhail Yakovlevich
Lindberg (b. 1889 - d.
1938) PSR
+ Boris Dmitriyevich
Markov (b. 1884
- d. 1920) PSR
+ Vasiliy Osipovich
Sidorov (b. 1884
- d.af.1920)PSR
+ Pavel Yakovlevich
Mikhaylov (b. 1889 - d.
1920) PSR
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional
Government of Siberia (PGS)
30 Jun 1918 - 3 Nov 1918 Pyotr Vasilyevich
Vologodskiy (b. 1863 - d.
1925) PSR
(in Omsk, from 3 Sep 1918 often in Ufa and on All-Russian
business)
Chairmen of the Administrative Council of Provisional
Government of Siberia
(delegated the executive functions by PGS; in Omsk)
3 Sep 1918 - 14 Sep 1918 Ivan Innokentyevich
Serebrennikov (b. 1882 - d. 1940) SSO
14 Sep 1918 - 3 Nov 1918 Ivan Andrianovich
Mikhailov (b. 1891 -
d. 1946) SSO
Chairman of the Yenisey Governorate Zemstvo Board
(in Krasnoyarsk)
25 Dec 1919 - 4 Jan 1920 Grigoriy Prokhorovich
Sibirtsev (b. 1874 - d. 1921) NSP?
(in office from 1918/19)
Chairman of the Political Centre (in Irkutsk)
5 Jan 1920 - 21 Jan 1920 Florian Florianovich
Fyodorovich (b. 1876 - d. 1928) PSR
Czechoslovak Corps
Commanders-in-chief of the Czechoslovak Corps
(from 1 Feb 1919, Army)
10 Sep 1917 - 1 Sep 1918 Vladimir Nikolayevich
Shokorov (b. 1868 - d. 1940)
Mil
1 Sep 1918 - Nov 1918 Jan Bohumír
Syrový
(b. 1888 - d. 1970) Mil
(continued as "chief of operations" to Sep 1920)
Nov 1918 – Sep 1920 Pierre
Thiébaut Charles Maurice (b. 1862 - d.
1946) Mil
Janin
(also commander-in-chief of Allied Forces
in Siberia Feb 1919 - Feb 1920)
Tobolsk federation
![[Tobolsk federation (one of several flags)
1921 (Siberia, Russia)] [Tobolsk federation
(one of several flags) 1921 (Siberia, Russia)]](ru-tobolsk1921.png)
1921 Tobolsk federation (one of
several flags)
|
Nov/Dec 1917
Bolshevik rule rejected, the
Tobolsk Governorate representatives
participated in the Siberian regional authorities.
19 Feb 1918
Executive Committee of Councils and Zemstvo
(self-administration)
established.
9 Apr 1918
Bolshevik troops (see Siberia) reached Tobolsk (in May
1918 also
Obdorsk
[modern Salekhard]).
18 Jun 1918
"White" Siberian troops take Tobolsk (from 3 Nov 1918,
under the
Provisional All-Russian Government).
21 Oct 1919
Red Army retakes Tobolsk (Obdorsk
remained under "White" control
until Jan
1920).
21 Feb 1921 - 8 Apr 1921 Principal center of
"Western Siberian Peasant Rebellion", the
council of Tobolsk expanded authority over so-called
"Tobolsk
federation" down to the Northern Ocean (rebels controlled
Obdorsk
until 2
Jun 1921).
Chairman of the Tobolsk Governorate Executive Committee
of Councils and Zemstvo
19 Feb 1918 - 9 Apr 1918 Vasiliy Nikolayevich
Pignatti (b. 1862 - d.
1920) NSP
Mar 1918 - 9 Apr 1918 Vladimir
Semyonovich Lanitin
(b. 1880 - d. 1918)
(acting for Pignatti)
Chairman of the Tobolsk Peasant-City Council
27 Feb 1921 - 8 Apr 1921 Aleksey Petrovich
Stepanov
Non-party
(continued to 9 May 1921 in Samarovo [present
Khanty-Mansiysk])
Chairman of the Obdorsk Peasant-City Council
(initially under authority of Tobolsk council)
7 Apr 1921 - 2 Jun 1921 Konstantin
Vasilyevich Durasov (b. 1896 - d.
19..) Non-party
Buryat-Mongol
25 Apr
1917
Eventual Buryat-Mongol polity proclaimed at the First
All-Buryat
Assembly, the Assembly requests autonomy of
Buryat areas.
Jan/Feb
1918
Buryats organized 7 district (uyezd) level "aymaks"
(4 within
Transbaikal Oblast, 3 within Irkutsk Governorate).
5 Feb 1918
Bolshevik rule (see
Siberia) in Verkhneudinsk (modern Ulan-Ude).
3 Jul
1918
Autonomy of Buryat people within Transbaikal Oblast
recognized by
Transbaikal Oblast Soviet (confirmed by
Transbaikal Cossack
Host Ataman Semyonov Oct 1918).
20 Aug 1918
Verkhneudinsk taken by Siberian and
Czechoslovak troops (Sep 1918
replaced by Transbaikal Cossacks and Japanese troops).
Apr 1919 - Jan 1920
Verkhneudinsk sector of Trans-Siberian Railway garrisoned
by U.S.
troops under the Inter-Allied Railway Agreement of 9 Jan
1919.
23 Apr 1919 - 11 May 1919 An attempt to organize a
theocratic Buryat state (Kodunay Erkhij
Balgasan).
Nov 1919
People's Duma suspended by Ataman
Semyonov (dissolved Oct 1920).
2 Mar 1920
"Red" partisans of Pribaikalye (see under Transbaikal) enter
Verkhneudinsk.
Chairmen of the Buryat-Mongol Central National
Committee
Apr 1917 - Dec 1917
Elbek-Dorzhi Rinchino (1st time)
(b. 1888 – d. 1938) PSR
Dec 1917 - Mar 1918
Tsyben Zhamtsarano (1st
time) (b. 1881 – d. 1942)
PSR
Mar 1918 - May 1918
Elbek-Dorzhi Rinchino (2nd time) (s.a.)
PLSR?
May 1918 - Sep
1918 Tsyben
Zhamtsarano (2nd time) (s.a.)
PSR
Sep 1918 - Nov
1918 Dashi
Sampilon
(b. 1891 – d. 1937) PSR
Chairman of the Buryat-Mongol
People's Duma
Nov 1918 - Nov
1919 Dashi
Sampilon
(s.a.)
PSR
Ruler (title Tsog-Tuguldur Dharma Raja Khan)
(in opposition)
23 Apr 1919 - 11 May 1919 Lubsan-Sandan
Tsydenov
(b. 1841 - d. 1922)
Commander of U.S. Troops in Verkhneudinsk
(subordinated to commander in Vladivostok)
Apr 1919 – Jan 1920
Charles Haskell Morrow
(b. 1877 - d. 1935) Mil
Karakorum-Altay
-
- Adopted 7 Mar 1918 (possible
reconstruction)
|
1-6 Jul
1917
First Assembly of Representatives of Indigenous Sub-districts
of
Altay takes place in Biysk. They adopted a declaration "On
Recognition of Self-Determination of Indigenous
People of Altai"
and
calls for a separate Mountainous-Altay Zemstvo
(self-
administration) in the future.
30 Dec 1917
Bolshevik rule (see Siberia)
recognized in the Biysk district
(to Jun 1918).
12 Mar
1918
Constituent Second Assembly of
Indigenous and Peasants Deputies'
of the Mountainous-Altay Kray (Land), in village
of Ulala (modern
Gorno-Altaysk), proclaims the separation of
Mountainous-Altay
region from the Biysk district, Apr 1918 – 9 Jun 1918
recognized
as a Soviet institution by the Altay Governorate Soviet of
Deputies). The new entity is called the
Karakorum-Altay Okrug
(district).
18 Jul 1918 - 4 Aug 1918 Autonomous
Altay republic proclaimed in opposition to Karakorum-
Altay
Board, terminated by the Siberian troops.
30 Dec
1918
New Karakorum uyezd (district)(within
Altay Governorate) formally
recognized by the "White" Government (effective 18
Jan 1919).
18 Dec 1919
Bolshevik
forces take over Ulala and dissolved the district.
Dec 1919 - Apr 1920
Mountainous-Altay Board established opposition to the Red
troops
before retreat of the "White" Altay units to Mongolia.
Chairman of the Altay Mountainous Duma (in
Biysk)
Jul 1917 - Mar 1918
Grigoriy Ivanovich Gurkin
(b. 1870 – d. 1937) PSR
Chairman of the
Karakorum-Altay (from Jan 1919, Karakorum) District
Board (in Ulala)
Mar 1918 - Feb
1919 Grigoriy
Ivanovich Gurkin (s.a.)
PSR
(imprisoned from Dec 1918)
Chairman of the Mountainous-Altay Central Military
Council (in opposition, in Onguday)
18 Jul 1918 - 4 Aug 1918 Dmitriy Vladimirovich
Satunin (b. 1885 - d. 1920) Mil
Chairman of the Karakorum District Board (in
Ulala)
Feb 1919 - Dec
1919 Viktor
Timofeyevich Petrov (b.
1879 - d. 1927) Non-party?
Chairman of the Mountainous-Altay Board (in
Onguday)
Dec 1919 - Apr 1920 Grigoriy
Ivanovich Gurkin
(s.a.)
PSR
Khakass
Jul 1917
Khakass National Committee set up by the Second Khakass
Assembly.
13 Nov 1917
Bolshevik rule (see Siberia)
in Minusinsk district (to 24 Jun 1918).
14 Mar 1918
Khakass Steppe Duma and its Board replaced
the National Committee,
requested
separation of Khakass district (within Yenisey
Governorate) from Minusinsk district, the Khakass declared
to be
"self-governing people."
Apr 1918 – Jun 1918 Khakass
autonomy confirmed by the Soviets, the Khakass Steppe Duma
to be
turned into the Khakass Steppe Soviet (not fully
effected).
Jul 1918
Khakass Steppe Duma and its
Board re-established by the Sixth
Khakass Assembly.
1 Jan 1919
Khakass uyezd (district)
created (by resolution of the Yenisey
Governorate authorities of Sep 1918), but abolished in Mar
1919.
Chairman of the Khakass National Committee
Jul 1917 - 14 Mar 1918 Stepan Dmitriyevich
Maynagashev (b. 1886 - d. 1920)
PSR
Chairman of the Khakass Steppe Board
14 Mar 1918 - Mar 1919 Stepan
Dmitriyevich Maynagashev
(s.a.)
PSR
Semirechye Cossack Host: see
under Kazakhstan
Tannu Tuva (Urianay kray): see
under Russia
Zabaikalye
(Transbaikal)
![[Russian flag] [Russian flag]](ru.gif)
1 Sep 1918 - 22 Oct 1920 |
1851
Transbaikal Cossack Host formed.
Nov/Dec 1917
Bolshevik rule
rejected, Transbaikal oblast representatives
participated in the Siberian regional authorities.
4 Jan
1918
People's Council established, it claimed "provisional
coalition
authority" in Transbaikal oblast.
16 Feb 1918
Bolshevik rule (see Siberia) established in Chita.
6 May 1918 – Sep 1918
Transbaikal Oblast
Provisional Government formed in Borzya, in
opposition to Bolshevik rule (dissolved upon
recognition by Ataman
Semyonov of authority of the "White" "Ufa
Directory" government).
26 Aug 1918
Chita taken by Siberian,
Czechoslovak and Cossack troops (from 1 Sep
1918
only Cossacks remained).
Aug 1918 – 15 Oct 1920
Japanese troops present in Transbaikal (presence
confirmed by the
Inter-Allied Railway Agreement of 9 Jan 1919).
21 Nov 1918 – 26 May 1919 Ataman Semyonov refuses
to recognize authority of Aleksandr
Vasilyevich Kolchak as the Supreme
Ruler and claims "entire
authority" in the oblast.
4 Jan
1920
Admiral Kolchak authorizes Semyonov to assume all civil
and
military authority in the east part of Russia (Russkaya
vostochnaya okraina)(no specific style;
effectively only in
Transbaikal).
5 Mar
1920
Provisional Zemstvo Government of Pribaikalye proclaimed
at
Verkhneudinsk by "Red" partisans (on 6 Apr 1920, became
the Far
Eastern
Republic [see under Russia])
in opposition to "White"
Transbaikal government.
20 Sep
1920
Semyonov recognizes the
supreme authority of Baron Vrangel'
(Wrangel), Ruler in the South of Russia.
22 Oct 1920
Chita occupied by the
Far Eastern Republic (Transbaikal part of Far
Eastern
Republic to 15 Nov 1922), Semyonov had moved to Borzya.
21 Nov 1920
Semyonov and his troops
are forced to leave Transbaikal for China.
Ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Host
3 Sep 1917 - Apr 1918
Vasiliy Vasilyevich Zimin
(b. 1874 - d. 1942) Mil
(1st time)
Chairman of the Commissariat of
Transbaikal
Oblast People's Council
4 Jan 1918 - 16 Feb 1918
Ivan Afanasyevich Butin
(b. 1886 – d. 1919) PLSR
Chairman of the
Transbaikal Oblast Provisional
Government
6 May 1918 - Sep
1918 Grigoriy Mikhaylovich
Semyonov (b. 1890 - d.
1946) Mil
(in opposition to Bolshevik rule to Aug 1918)
Atamans of
the Transbaikal Cossack Host
30 Aug 1918 - 9 Jun 1919 Vasiliy
Vasilyevich Zimin (nominal)(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
Sep 1918 - 19 Nov 1920
Grigoriy Mikhaylovich Semyonov
(s.a.)
Mil
(to 9 Jun 1919 as "Field Ataman" de facto acting for
Zimin;
from 18 Jul 1919 to Jan 1920, with title "assistant
chief
administrator" and authority of
governor-general of
Transbaikal oblast granted by Kolchak;
from Jan 1920
also authority in the east part of Russia)
Chairman of the Provisional Zemstvo Government
of Pribaikalye
5 Mar 1920 - 6 Apr 1920
Ivan A. Pyatidesyatnikov
RSDRP-M
(at Verkhneudinsk, in opposition)
Ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Host
1920 - 30 Aug 1946
Aleksey Proklovich
Baksheyev (b. 1873 - d.
1946)
(acting to 12 Jul 1922; in Harbin, China exile
[1921-1922
in Vladivostok]; from Aug 1945 Soviet captive)
Assistants for Civil Affairs to authority in the East
part of of Russia
16 Jan 1920 - 26 Jun 1920 Sergey
Afanasyevich
Taskin
(b. 1876 – d. 1952) KDP
26 Jun 1920 - 18 Sep 1920 A.V.
Volgin
Chairman of the Council of Managers
with authority in the East part of Russia
18 Sep 1920 - 3 Nov 1920 Aleksandr
Aleksandrovich Vinogradov(b. 1877 - d. 1938) KDP
Yakutia
-
- Nov/Dec 1917 - 1 Jul 1918;
- 21 Aug 1918 - 4 Nov 1918;
- Sep 1922 - Jun 1923
|
-
- 4 Nov 1918 - 14/15 Dec 1919,
- 12 Mar 1922 - 2 Sep 1922
|
Nov/Dec 1917
Bolshevik rule rejected,
Yakutsk oblast representatives participated
in the Siberian regional authorities.
22 Feb
1918
Yakutsk Oblast Council
established, it assumed "supreme authority
until convocation of the Siberian or Russian Constituent
Assembly"
in
the oblast.
1 Jul 1918
Bolshevik forces from Irkutsk (see Siberia)
overthrow the pro-
independence Yakutsk government.
21 Aug 1918
"White" Russian (Siberian)
forces overthrow the Bolsheviks in
Yakutia.
14/15
Dec 1919
Local Bolsheviks regain control of Yakutia
following the withdrawal
of
Kolchak's "White" Russian forces (under
"supreme Soviet
authority" of the partisan "Tsentrosovet", which by early
Jan 1920
controlled
large area from north-west of Lake Baikal to Okhotsk on
the
Pacific).
12 Mar 1922
Provisional Yakutsk Oblast
People's Administration is formed at
Churapcha by local "White" Russian and Yakut rebels
(at first
claimed "full supreme authority", but then recognized
the
authority of Priamurye [see under Primorye]),
who besieged the
town of Yakutsk on 23 Mar 1922 (to Jun
1922) and took control of
most of
Yakutia (except the major towns along Lena
River).
27 Apr 1922
Soviet
Russia establishes the Yakut
A.S.S.R. (within Russian SFSR).
Jul 1922
"White" forces are ousted
from Yakutsk and the remains withdraw to
the
Pacific coast to port towns of Okhotsk (see under
Tungus) and
Ayan.
2 Sep 1922
Local
"White" forces are reinforced from Vladivostok by
"volunteer"
troops under General Anatoliy Nikolayevich
Pepelyayev (b. 1891 -
d. 1938), acting for autonomous Siberia cause, that disembarks
in
Ayan and
Okhotsk and moves towards Yakutsk.
Mar
1923
Soviet troops oust the "White" Army from Amga (south-east
of
Yakutsk).
6 - 16 Jun
1923
Remainder of the "White" Army is defeated near Okhotsk on
6 Jun 1923
and near Ayan on 16 Jun 1923.
Aug 1923
A
further Soviet expedition landed at Kolyma to crush the
last
significant resistance to Soviet rule (Kolyma under
"White"
Russian control since Mar 1922).
Aug 1923 - Dec
1924 A "White"
unit remained at the village of Allaikha on the lower
Indigirka River, close to the Northern Ocean, under
Cavalry Capt.
Valentin
Pavlovich Nikolayev (nominally recognized
Soviet rule
in Nov 1923).
Sep 1927 – Jan
1928 Yakuts form
"Young Yakut" party and again attempt a rebellion
in
south-eastern Yakutia.
Chairman of the Executive Committee of Yakutsk
Oblast Council
22 Feb 1918 - 1 Jul 1918 Vasiliy
Vasilyevich Popov
(b. 1876?-d.af.1923)PSR
Chairman of the Temporary Central Soviet of North
Eastern Kray ("Tsentrosovet")
8 Nov 1919 - 26 Jan 1920 Vladimir
Karlovich Brum
RKP
(to early Jan 1920 in rebellion against the "White"
troops; based in Ust'-Kut and other nearby
locations
in
Irkutsk governorate)
Chairmen of the Provisional Yakutsk Oblast
People's Administration
(in Churapcha; from Aug
1922, in Okhotsk)
12 Mar 1922 - Jun
1923 Georgiy Semyonovich
Yefimov (b. 1892
- d.af.1960)Non-party
(left for Vladivostok in Sep 1922, then China;
did not resign)
Sep 1922 - Jun 1923 Ivan
Fyodorovich Afanasyev
(b. 1885 - d. 1942) Non-party
(acting for absent Yefimov)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Russkoye
Ustye (at Allaikha)
Nov 1923 - Dec 1924
Valentin Pavlovich Nikolayev ? (d.
af.1928) Mil
Secretary-general of the Central Committee
4 Dec 1927 - 1 Jan 1928 Pavel
Vasilyevich Ksenofontov (b. 1890
- d. 1928) MPK
Far East
Anadyr: see under Chukotka
Amur
-
![[Russia] [Russia]](ru.gif)
- to 25 Feb 1918;
- 18 Sep 1918 - 6 Feb 1920
|
25 Feb 1918 - 18 Sep 1918
|
1858
Amur
Cossack Host established.
21 Nov 1917
Ataman of
Amur Cossacks provisionally a "supreme authority" in the
Amur oblast.
4 Dec 1917
Public Safety Committee
formed with transitional "supreme
legitimate authority."
7 Dec 1917
Amur Oblast
Zemstvo Board (self-administration)
established, with
"full authority" in the oblast
(confirmed 14 Feb 1918)
25 Feb 1918
Soviet rule established by
Bolsheviks, subject to the Far East
Executive Committee of Soviets (see Khabarovsk).
7 Mar 1918 - 13 Mar 1918
Blagoveshchensk briefly occupied by "White" Amur Cossack
forces in
rebellion.
13 Mar 1918 - 18 Sep 1918 Bolshevik rule
fully restored. 10 Apr 1918 the Amur Labor Socialist
Republic is formed (within Russian S.F.S.R.), partly in rejection
of policy of Far East Executive Committee of Soviets.
18 Sep
1918
Japanese and "White" Amur Cossack forces enter
Blagoveshchensk,
Zemstvo restored; on 21 Sep 1918 the
Amur Oblast Provisional
Government takes over, with "full
governmental authority."
10 Nov
1918
Recognized the Provisional All-Russian Government (see PARG
above)
and it's superiority, dissolved the Oblast government
and handed
over power to Zemstvo Board
until appointment of the Oblast
commissioner (effective 11 Nov 1918); the oblast
subject to
chief "White"
representatives in Far East (see under Primorye).
4 Feb 1920
Ataman of Amur
Cossacks removed the Kolchak-appointed oblast
administrator and assumed authority nominally for Oblast
Zemstvo
Board.
6 Feb
1920
Bolshevik partisan forces regain control of Amur
the region (the
period of partisan rule to Aug 1920 referred to as "Amur
Oblast
Government"), and Cossack leadership goes into China
exile
(Japanese troops withdrew by 19 Mar 1920).
5 Aug 1920 - 15 Nov 1922 Amur
oblast part of the Far Eastern
Republic (see under Russia).
Jan 1924 – Feb 1924
Rebellion of Amur Cossacks in
the countryside.
Ataman of the Amur
Cossack Host
21 Nov 1917 - 4 Dec 1917 Ivan
Mikhaylovich Gamov
(b. 1885 - d. 1969) PSR
(in office of Host Ataman 20
Apr 1917 – 28 Feb 1919;
in China exile Mar 1918 - Sep 1918)
Public Safety Committee of Amur Oblast
4 Dec 1917 - 7 Dec 1917 Nikolay
Grigoryevich Kozhevnikov (b. 1884 - d. 1937)
PSR
+ Ivan Mikhaylovich Gamov
(s.a.)
PSR
+ Aleksandr Nikolayevich
(b. 1878 - d. 1957) PSR
Alekseyevskiy
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Zemstvo
Board
7 Dec 1917 - 25 Feb 1918
Ivan Nikolayevich Shishlov
(b. 1881 - d.af.1920)RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Executive Committee
of Amur Oblast People's Council
7 Mar 1918 - 13 Mar 1918
Nikolay Grigoryevich Kozhevnikov (s.a.)
PSR
(in rebellion)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Amur Soviet
of Deputies
and of the Council of People's Commissars
10 Apr 1918 - 18 Sep 1918 Fyodor
Nikanorovich Mukhin
(b. 1878 - d. 1919) RKP
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Zemstvo Board
18 Sep 1918 - 20 Sep 1918
Nikolay Nikolayevich Rodionov (b.
1886 - d. 1937) Non-party?
(1st time)
Chairman of the Amur Oblast
Provisional Government
21 Sep 1918 - 10 Nov 1918 Aleksandr
Nikolayevich (s.a.)
PSR
Alekseyevskiy
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Zemstvo Board
10 Nov 1918 - 17 Nov 1918
Nikolay Nikolayevich Rodionov
(s.a.)
Non-party?
(2nd time)
Ataman of the Amur Cossack Host
4 Feb 1920 - 6 Feb 1920 Andrey
Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov (b. 1878
- d. 1960) Mil
(in office
of Host Ataman from 5 Mar 1919;
from 24 Jan 1920 with authority [but not style]
of governor-general; continued in China exile,
1921-1922 in Vladivostok, and then London)
Chairmen of the (Provisional to 16 Feb 1920) Executive
Committee
of the Amur Oblast Soviet of Deputies
6 Feb 1920 - 16 Feb 1920 Yakov Ferapontovich
Yakovlev (b. 1884 - d. 1955)
RKP
16 Feb 1920 - 5 Apr 1920 Stepan Samoylovich
Shilov (b. 1885 - d.
1954) RKP
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Revolutionary
Committee
5 Apr 1920 - 9 Aug 1920 Stepan
Samoylovich Shilov
(s.a.)
RKP
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Provisional
Government
14 Jan 1924 - Feb 1924 Rodion
Grigoryevich Cheshev
(d. 1924)
Non-party
(in rebellion)
Chinese Eastern Railway Zone: see under China
Foreign Colonies
Chukotka
14 Mar 1918 - 16 Dec 1919;
31 Jan 1920 - 28 Jul 1920;
Jan 1922 - 5 Jan 1923
|
14 Mar 1918 - 27 Jul 1918
Anadyr Uyezd (district)
Council set up, did not recognized
Soviet rule in Kamchatka Oblast (see there).
16 Dec 1919 - 31 Jan 1920 Anadyr
taken over by local Bolsheviks, eliminated in a coup.
8 Feb 1920 - 28 Jul 1920
Non-Bolshevik council set up by locals (also in Uelen
from Mar
1920).
Jul 1920
Under effective
rule from Kamchatka.
12 Dec
1920
Part (within Kamchatka) of Far
Eastern Republic (see under
Russia).
22 Mar
1921
Chukotka ceded to Russian S.F.S.R. by the Far Eastern
Republic.
Jan 1922
Anadyr taken by
"White" troops from Kamchatka (Uelen in Jul 1922).
Dec 1922 - 5 Jan 1923
Poorly recorded attempt by remaining "Whites" and
Anadyr locals
to set up own administration, terminated by Soviet
troops.
Chairman of the Anadyr Uyezd
Council (in Novo-Mariinsk [modern Anadyr])
14 Mar 1918 - 27 Jul 1918 Vasiliy D.
Pchelintsev
(d. af.1926)
Non-party
Chairman of the Anadyr Uyezd
Revolutionary Committee
16 Dec 1919 - 31 Jan 1920 Mikhail
Sergeyevich Mandrikov (b. 1888
- d. 1920) RKP
Chairman of the Anadyr Uyezd Council
8 Feb 1920 - 28 Jul 1920 Vasiliy I.
Rybin
(d. af.1923)
Non-party
Chairman of the Chukotka Uyezd Provisional
Council (in Uelen)
Mar 1920 - Jul 1920
Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Khrenov
Non-party
Anadyr Uyezd People's Administration [reported
membership]
Dec 1922 - 5 Jan
1923 Nikita Andreyevich
Polyakov (b. 1876 - d.
1923) Mil
+ Makovkin
Non-party
+ Mark Kandel'
Non-party
Far Eastern Republic: see under Russia
Kamchatka
![[Russia] [Russia]](ru.gif)
9 Nov 1917 - 12 Mar 1918;
12 Jul 1918 - 10 Jan 1920;
30 Oct 1921 - 10 Nov 1922 |
9 Nov 1917
Bolshevik rule "not
recognized" by the Kamchatka Oblast
Committee.
12 Mar 1918
Local Bolsheviks established
the Oblast Soviet (subject to
the
Far East Executive Committee of Soviets [see Khabarovsk]) and
dissolved the Committee.
12 Jul 1918
Oblast
Committee restored (claimed provisional oblast
"autonomy"
within Russia).
Oct 1918
Oblast
commissioner of Provisional Government of Siberia
arrived
(followed to Jan 1920 by authorities of the Provisional
All-
Russian Government [see PARG] and Supreme
Ruler Kolchak); the
Oblast
subject to chief "White" representatives in Far East
(see under Primorye).
10 Jan
1920
Local socialists took over, Kamchatka
Revolutionary Committee
formed (on 23 May 1920, until then referred to as
"Kamchatka
Oblast
Government," recognized [largely nominally] the supreme
authority of Provisional Government of Primorye [see Primorye]).
12 Dec 1920
Part of the Far Eastern Republic
(see under Russia).
22 Mar 1921
Kamchatka oblast ceded to
Russian S.F.S.R. by Far Eastern Republic.
30 Oct 1921 - 2 Nov 1922 Kamchatka
occupied by "White" forces under the
Provisional
Government of Priamurye (see under Primorye). On 2 Nov 1922
"White" troops leave for Japan.
8 Jun 1922 - 2 Nov
1922 Japanese troops present in Petropavlovsk.
10 Nov
1922
Bolshevik partisans reached
Petropavlovsk and take over the city
from the City Duma.
Chairman of the Kamchatka Oblast
Committee
Aug 1917 - 12 Mar 1918
Aleksandr Antonovich Purin
(b. 1885 - d. 1952)
Non-party
(1st time)
12 Jul 1918 - Oct 1918
Aleksandr Antonovich Purin
(s.a.)
Non-party
(2nd time)(continued in office to 2 Feb 1919)
Chairman of the Kamchatka Oblast Revolutionary
Committee
10 Jan 1920 - 7 Apr 1920 Pyotr
Sergeyevich Malovechkin
(b. 1891 - d. 1921) Non-party/
Feb 1920 RKP
Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the
Kamchatka Oblast Soviet of Deputies
7 Apr 1920 - 7 Jun 1920
Pyotr Sergeyevich
Malovechkin
(s.a.)
RKP
7 Jun 1920 - Dec
1920 Ivan Yemelyanovich
Larin
(b. 1890 - d. 1980) RKP
Khabarovsk
-
![[Russia] [Russia]](ru.gif)
- Nov 1917 - 25 Dec 1917;
- 4 Sep 1918 - 23 Oct 1920
|
25 Dec 1917 - 4 Sep 1918
Dal'sovnarkom
|
1889
Ussuri Cossack Host formed.
Nov 1917
Bolshevik rule
not recognized by Priamurye Kray (covered Amur,
Kamchatka, Primorye [Maritime], and Sakhalin Oblasti)
institutions
in Khabarovsk.
24 Dec 1917 - 27 Dec 1917 Priamurye Kray
Provisional Bureau of Zemstvo
(self-administration)
(Vremennoye
zemskoye byuro Priamurskogo kraya) declared itself
"supreme
provisional civil kray authority."
25 Dec 1917
Far East Executive
Committee of Soviets (eventually largely
autonomous), described as "Soviet regional association",
formally
assumed
authority in the whole Far East for Soviet
Russia.
4 Sep
1918
Bolshevik rule ended by the Ussuri Cossacks and Japanese
occupation,
the Cossacks proclaimed "autonomy" and non-recognition
of any
government (on 22 Oct 1918 non-recognition of "Ufa
Directory"
declared).
Nov 1918 - 1 Mar
1919 Ataman of Ussuri Cossacks
refused to recognize Kolchak as Supreme
Ruler (from 1 Mar 1919, the Cossacks subject to chief
"White"
representatives in Far East [see under Primorye].
16 Feb 1920
Cossack leadership left
Khabarovsk for China and then Grodekovo
(near Vladivostok) to Oct 1922, and Provisional
Government of
Primorye (see Primorye) troops
took over.
22 Aug 1920 – 23 Aug 1920 "White" Russian
"independent" government proclaimed at Khabarovsk,
dissolved by Primorye troops.
23 Oct
1920
Japanese forces depart; Khabarovsk part
of the Far Eastern Republic
(see under Russia), to
15 Nov 1922 as capital of new Priamurye
Oblast
(on 11 Nov 1920 split from Primorye Oblast).
22 Dec 1921 - 13 Feb 1922 Far Eastern
Republic rule interrupted by Provisional Government
of Priamurye (see under Primore).
Ataman of the Ussuri Cossack Host (in
Nikol'sk-Ussuriyskiy)
31 Mar 1917 - 2 Feb 1918 Nikolay
L'vovich
Popov
Mil
(acting to 18 Apr 1917)
Chairmen of Priamurye Kray (from 25 Dec 1917,
Far East) Executive
Committee of Councils (Soviets)
25 Aug 1917 - 25 Dec 1917
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Vakulin
(b. 1881 - d. 1919) RSDRP-M
12 Dec 1917 - 8 May
1918 Aleksandr
Mikhaylovich
(b. 1880 - d. 1937) RSDRP-B
Krasnoshchekov
Chairman of the
Priamurye Kray Provisional Bureau of
Zemstvo
24 Dec 1917 - 27 Dec 1917 Mikhail
Akimovich Timofeyev
PSR
(in opposition to Soviets; continued to
25 Jan 1918 in Blagoveshchensk exile)
Chairman of the Council of People's
Commissars of Far East ("Dal'sovnarkom")
8 May 1918 - 4 Sep 1918
Aleksandr Mikhaylovich
(s.a.)
RKP
Krasnoshchekov
(continued in Blagoveshchensk
exile to 18 Sep 1918)
Atamans of the Ussuri Cossack Host
5 Sep 1918 - 16 Feb
1920 Ivan Pavlovich Kalmykov
(b. 1890 - d. 1920) Mil
(in office of Host Ataman Feb 1918 - Sep
1920;
to 4 Jul 1918 and from 12 Feb 1920 in China exile
[4 Jul 1918 - Sep 1918 in Grodekovo];
from 2 Sep 1919
with authority [but not style] of
governor-general)
12 Feb 1920 - 16 Feb 1920 Modest
Aleksandrovich Demishkhan (b. 1888 - d.
1963) Mil
(acting for absent Kalmykov)
Chairman of the Khabarovsk Government (in
dissidence)
22 Aug 1920 - 23 Aug 1920 Konstantin
Tikhonovich Likhoydov (b. 1858 - d.
1923) Non-party?
Ataman of the Ussuri Cossack Host (submitted to
authorities in control of Vladivostok)
Sep 1920 - Oct
1922 Yuriy
Aleksandrovich Savitskiy (b.
1890 - d.af.1922)Mil
(acting to Apr 1921; in Grodekovo [near
Vladivostok]
to Oct
1922, then in China exile)
Tungus (Okhotsk)
-
![[Russia] [Russia]](ru.gif)
- to 18 Apr 1918;
- 22 Sep 1918 - 14 Dec 1919;
- 3 Oct 1921 - 6 Jun 1923
|
Jul 1924 - 9 May 1925
|
18 Apr 1918 - 22 Sep 1918 Soviet rule in Okhotsk uyezd
(district) of Kamchatka Oblast
(even
after they lost the main part of the oblast
on 12 Jul 1918).
14 Dec 1919
Bolsheviks re-take
Okhotsk, to Jan 1920 subject to "Tsentrosovet"
(see under Yakutia),
then events generally follow Kamchatka.
3 Oct 1921
Okhotsk
taken by the Priamurye (see Primorye)
troops under Colonel
Valeryan Aleksandrovich Bochkarev
(b. 1892 – d. 1923), based at
Nayakhan (present Evensk, east of Magadan) 25 Oct 1921
- 13 Apr
1923.
6 Sep 1922 - 6 Jun 1923
Passed to the "White" troops of Anatoliy
Nikolayevich Pepelyayev
(b.
1891 - d. 1938)(see under Yakutia),
remained under the
administrators appointed by Priamurye.
Dec 1922 - May
1923 Poorly recorded
attempts by Okhotsk locals to set up their own
administration (on 21 Apr 1923 even claiming "supreme
authority"
in
Okhotsk Kray).
10 May
1924
A group of Tungus (Evenks) and Yakuts take Nel'kan
(on 6 Jun 1924
also the port of Ayan on the Okhotsk Sea coast).
14 Jul
1924
All-Tungus Assembly of the Okhotsk Coast in Nel'kan
establishes
the
Provisional Tungus People's Administration, which claims
autonomy and requests to join the Yakut A.S.S.R.
9 May
1925
Extinguished by Soviet Red Army (by agreement).
Mar 1931 – Apr 1931
Another Tungus (Evenk) rebellion, in
Udsk (south of Ayan).
Chairman of the Okhotsk Kray Assembly
(Council) of Representatives (in Okhotsk)
c.Apr 1923
Ivan Mikhaylovich
Yanygin (d. 1923)
Mil
Chairman of the Provisional Tungus People's
Administration (in Nel'kan)
14 Jul 1924 - 9 May 1925 Konstantin
Afanasyevich Struchkov (b. 1883 -
d.af.1943)Non-party
(formally to 10 Aug 1925)
Chairman of the Tungus Provisional Government (in
Udsk)
16 Mar 1931 – Apr 1931
Nikolay Kirillovich Tretyakov (b.
1885 - d.af.1932)Non-party
Ukrainian Far Eastern Kray
Secretariat ("Green Ukraine")
-
- Proposed Flag
|
24 Jun
1917
First All-Ukrainian Far Eastern
Congress at Nikol'sk-Ussuriyskiy.
(modern Ussuriysk) forms the Far Eastern
Regional Council
(Kray Rada).
30 Jan
1918
Second All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress
at Khabarovsk. "Green
Ukraine" proclaimed as part of the Ukrainian State
(in spite of
the lack
of geographical connection).
7 Apr
1918
Third All-Ukrainian Far Eastern
Congress asked for creation of
an independent
Ukrainian State on the Pacific Ocean, but no
territorial entity or authority is ever established.
20 Jun 1919 - 31 Jan 1920 Suppressed by
Kolchak's "White" Russian forces.
11 Apr
1920
Order of Transbaikal Cossack
Ataman Semyonov about right of Far
Eastern Ukrainians for national
self-determination and autonomy in
the
limits of united Far Eastern state of
Cossacks, Buryats, and
Ukrainians (to no effect).
5 Nov
1922
Ukrainian Far Eastern Secretariat dissolved
after the Soviet
takeover of Vladivostok.
Chairmen of the Ukrainian Far Eastern Kray
Secretariat
(in Khabarovsk, from 1918 in Vladivostok)
12 Apr 1918 - 24 Oct 1918 Gordey Petrovich
Melashich (d.
af.1922)
25 Oct 1918 - 20 Jun 1919 Yuriy Kos'mych
Glushko "Mova" (b. 1882 - d. 1942)
(= Yuriy Kos'mich Glushko)
(1st time)
31 Jan 1920 - 5 Nov 1922 Yuriy Kos'mych
Glushko "Mova" (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Sakhalin
-
![[Russia] [Russia]](ru.gif)
- Nov 1917 - 25 Jan 1918;
- 7 Sep 1918 - 29 Feb 1920
|
Mar 1914 - 22 Nov 1920
Sakhalin oblast in addition to North Sakhalin
(Sakhalin uyezd
[district]) included also mainland area around
Nikolayevsk
(the later made oblast capital in Apr
1917).
Nov 1917
Bolshevik rule not
recognized by the Oblast Council (Soviet) of
Deputies.
25 Jan 1918
Sakhalin Oblast Soviet
taken over by the Bolsheviks, subject to
Far
East Executive Committee of Soviets (see under Khabarovsk).
7 Sep 1918
Oblast Soviet
transferred authority to the restored Sakhalin Oblast
Zemstvo Board (self-administration) in
anticipation of the
Japanese landing at Nikolayevsk (which took place 9 Sep
1918).
26 Oct 1918
Oblast commissioner of Provisional Government of
Siberia arrives
(followed to Feb 1920 by authorities of the Provisional
All-
Russian Government [see PARG] and Supreme
Ruler Kolchak), the
oblast subject to chief "White" representatives
in Far East
(see under Primorye).
14 Jan 1920
Local Socialists took over North
Sakhalin (on 1 Feb 1920 recognized
authority of Provisional Government of Primorye [see Primorye]).
29 Feb 1920
Bolshevik partisans occupied
Nikolayevsk (on 9 Mar 1920 North
Sakhalin
submitted to authorities in Nikolayevsk).
15 Mar 1920
Japanese garrison at Nikolayevsk
exterminated by partisans.
28 Mar 1920
Sakhalin Oblast Soviet of Deputies declared
non-recognition of Far
Eastern
Republic or Provisional Government of Primorye (this
period
of local partisan rule referred to as "Nikolayevsk
Commune").
22 Apr 1920 - 25 May 1925 Northern Sakhalin
occupied by Japan.
7 Jun 1920
Nikolayevsk occupied by Japan (on 2
Aug 1920 civil administration of
Sakhalin oblast taken over by Japanese military
and Japanese law
made applicable).
25 Sep 1922
Japanese forces depart from
Nikolayevsk; part of the Far Eastern
Republic (see under Russia)
to 15 Nov 1922 (Sakhalin oblast was
dissolved already on 22 Nov 1920 and made part
[nominally] of the
new
Priamurye oblast).
Chairman of the Executive Committee of Sakhalin Oblast
Council (Soviet) of Deputies
Nov 1917 - 25 Jan 1918 ....
RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Sakhalin Oblast Zemstvo Board
7 Sep 1918 - 26 Oct 1918 Andrey Andreyevich
Shelkovnikov (b. 18.. - d. 1920)
PSR?
(1st time)(continues in office to 1920)
Chairman of the Sakhalin Uyezd Provisional
Revolutionary Committee (in North Sakhalin only)
13/14 Jan 1920-9 Mar 1920 Aleksandr Trofimovich
Tsapko (b. 1884 - d.
1920) Non-party
Chairman of the Sakhalin Oblast Zemstvo Board
Feb 1920 - 29 Feb 1920 Andrey
Andreyevich Shelkovnikov (s.a.)
PSR?
(2nd time)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Sakhalin Oblast
Soviet of Deputies
29 Feb 1920 - 7 Jun 1920 Fyodor Vasilyevich
Zhelezin (b. c.1885 - d.
1920)RKP
(chairman of Oblast
Revolutionary Committee to 28 Mar 1920)
Provincial Chief (in North Sakhalin only)
May 1920 - 22 May 1920 Dmitriy
Dmitriyevich Grigoryev (b. 1865
- d. 1932) Non-party
(appointed by Japanese, did not take office)
Japanese Military Commanders in North Sakhalin
(and Jun 1920 - Sep 1922 in Nikolayevsk)
22 Apr 1920 - May 1920 Jirō
Tamon
(b. 1878 - d. 1934) Mil
May 1920 - 29 Jul 1920 ...
Yonekura
29 Jul 1920 - 15 Jun 1921 Sojirō
Kojima
(b. 1869 - d. 1922) Mil
15 Jun 1921 - 1 Apr 1923 Keiu
Machida
(b. 1865 - d. 1939) Mil
1 Apr 1923 - 25 May 1925 Kazutsugu
Inoue
(b. 1873 - d.af.1940)Mil
Primorye
(Priamurye)
-
- 29 Jun 1918 - 22 Sep 1918;
- 28 Oct 1918 - 12 Dec 1920;
- 26 May 1921 - 25 Oct 1922
|
21 Nov
1917
Vladivostok City Soviet of Deputies assumed authority in
the city
(followed by the rest of Soviets of Primorye (Maritime) Oblast
by
Dec 1917 [see Khabarovsk]).
29 Jun 1918
Czechoslovak Corps rebels in
Vladivostok ending Bolshevik rule.
Jun 1918 - Sep
1918 "White"
authority disputed among the Primorye Oblast
Zemstvo Board,
Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (PGAS,
previous
activity see under Siberia)
and General Dmitriy Leonidovich
Khorvat, who proclaimed
himself a Provisional Ruler of Russia.
2 Jul 1918
PGAS is nominally recognized by the Zemstvo
Board (self-
administration) as political "central state
authority," while the
Board
remained in control as "supreme oblast
state authority"
(none of them recognized the claims of
Khorvat).
6 Jul
1918
Allies declared Vladivostok to be under "temporary Allied
protection" (followed by
landing of Japanese troops on 11 Jul 1918
and by
U.S. troops on 15 Aug 1918) and recognized the Zemstvo
Board (but not PGAS) as the authority.
Sep 1918
Supreme authority of Provisional Government of Siberia
(see under
Siberia; followed
by the Provisional All-Russian Government
[see PARG]
and Supreme Ruler Kolchak) recognized (22 Sep 1918 by
PGAS, and on 30 Sep 1918 by General
Dmitriy Leonidovich Khorvat).
Jan
1919
Parts of Trans-Siberian Railway within the Primorye oblast
under
control of the U.S. troops by the Inter-Allied Railway
Agreement
of
9 Jan 1919.
31 Jan
1920
Authority of the representatives of Admiral Kolchak in
Primorye
Oblast overthrown;
Provisional Government of the Zemstvo
Board of
Primorye Oblast formed, with
"provisional full authority" (on
26 Feb 1920 recognized by Soviet Russia, but only as
"local oblast
authority").
31 Mar 1920
Provisional Government alternatively
styled as Provisional
Government of the Far East,
its claims of "provisional supreme
authority"
extended to Amur, Kamchatka, and Sakhalin oblasti
(the former Priamurye Kray).
1 Apr 1920
Departure of the
U.S. troops completed.
4 Apr 1920 - 23 Apr 1920 Japanese
military forces prevent local government from functioning.
11 Dec
1920
People's Assembly (Narodnoye Sobraniye)
of Primorskaya oblast passes
a
law for incorporation into the Far Eastern Republic.
12 Dec 1920 - 26 May 1921 Primorye
oblast part of the Far Eastern
Republic (see under Russia).
26 May
1921
Provisional Priamurye Government established, as "supreme
independent kray authority", in
opposition to the Far Eastern
Republic.
3 Aug
1922
Land Assembly (Zemskiy Sobor) of
Priamurye decides that supreme
power in Russia belongs to the Romanov dynasty, and voiced
the
wish to make a member of Romanov dynasty the Supreme Ruler
of
Priamurye. On 8 Aug 1922, General
Mikhail Konstantinovich
Diterikhs is installed as Ruler.
20 Oct 1922 - 22 Oct
1922 Abortive attempt by Siberian autonomists to
take over Vladivostok.
25 Oct 1922 - 15 Nov 1922 Annexed by the Far
Eastern Republic (see under Russia) after
the
departure of Japanese troops on 25 Oct 1922.
Chairman of the Primorye (Maritime) Oblast
Zemstvo Board
29 Jun 1918 - 22 Sep 1918 Aleksandr
Semyonovich Medvedev (b. 1880
- d. 1928) PSR
(nominally recognized authority of PGAS
on 2 Jul 1918, continued
in office to Dec 1920)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional
Government of Autonomous Siberia
30 Jun 1918 - 21 Jul 1918 Pyotr
Yakovlevich
Derber
(b. 1888 - d. 1929) PSR
(in dissidence to 2 Jul 1918; arrived from
Harbin, China)
21 Jul 1918 - 22 Sep 1918 Ivan
Aleksandrovich
Lavrov
(b. 1871 - d. 1942) PSR
Provisional Ruler of Russia (self-proclaimed;
in dissidence in Grodekovo [modern Pogranichnyy])
9 Jul 1918 - 30 Sep 1918
Dmitriy Leonidovich
Khorvat (b.
1858 - d. 1937) Mil
Chief Administering Officers in Far East (with
authority of governor-general)
22 Sep 1918 - 28 Oct 1918 Radola
Gajda
(b. 1892 - d. 1948)
Mil
Sep 1918 - Oct 1918
Eduard Kadlec
(b.
1880 - d. 1961) Mil
(acting for mostly absent Gajda)
Supreme Commissioner in Far East (with
authority of governor-general)
28 Oct 1918 - 18 Jul 1919 Dmitriy
Leonidovich
Khorvat
(s.a.)
Mil
Chief Administrator of Priamurye Kray (with
authority of governor-general)
18 Jul 1919 - 31 Jan 1920 Sergey
Nikolayevich
Rozanov (b.
1869 - d. 1937) Mil
Chairman of the Provisional Government of
the Zemstvo Board of Primorye Oblast
31 Jan 1920 - 12 Dec 1920 Aleksandr
Semyonovich Medvedev
(s.a.)
PSR
(prevented by Japanese from exercising functions 5-23
Apr 1920)
Chairmen of the Provisional
Government of Priamurye Kray
26 May 1921 - 8 Aug 1922
Spiridon Dionisyevich Merkulov
(b. 1870 - d. 1957) NDS
3 Jun 1922 - 11 Jun 1922
Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterikhs (b. 1874 - d.
1937) Mil
(appointed without consent and in absence,
in attempted military coup)
3 Jun 1922 - 11 Jun 1922
Viktorin Mikhaylovich Molchanov (b.
1886 - d. 1975) Mil
(acting for absent Diterikhs)
Ruler (Pravitel') of Priamurye Kray
8 Aug 1922 - 25 Oct 1922
Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterikhs
(s.a.)
Mil
(left Vladivostok 20 Oct 1922, to 27 Oct 1922 in
Posyet)
Chairman of Provisional Government of Autonomous
Siberia (in opposition)
20 Oct 1922 - 22 Oct 1922
Anatoliy Vladimirovich Sazonov
(b. 1861 - d. 1932) PSR
(in Japan and Shanghai exile to 1925)
Chairman of the Council of Managers ("Business
Cabinet") of Provisional Government of Russia
10 Jul 1918 - 30 Sep 1918 Stepan
Vasilyevich
Vostrotin (b. 1864
- d. 1943) KDP
(under Khorvat, Provisional Ruler of Russia; in
Grodekovo)
Chairmen of the Council of Managers of Primorye Oblast
29 May 1920 - 10 Jul 1920 Pyotr
Mikhaylovich
Nikiforov (b. 1882
- d. 1974) RKP
10 Jul 1920 - 12 Dec 1920 Mechislav
Stanislavovich Binasik (b. 1883 - d.
1938) RSDRP-M
Chairmen of the Council of Managers of Priamurye
Kray
5 Jul 1921 - Jul
1921 Vasiliy Fyodorovich
Ivanov (b.
1885 - d. 1944)
(1st time)
Jul 1921 - af.Aug
1921 Vladimir Stepanovich
Kolesnikov (d. af.1922)
c.Nov
1921
Vasiliy Fyodorovich
Ivanov
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
c.Feb
1922
Vladimir Pavlovich
Razumov
(d. af.1928)
bf.Jun 1922 - Aug
1922 Stepan Ilyich Yefremov
Chairmen of the Council of Land Affairs (from 19 Sep
1922, Council of Land Duma)
of Priamurye Kray
9 Aug 1922 - Sep
1922 Vladimir Pavlovich
Razumov
(s.a.)
19 Sep 1922 - 20 Oct 1922 Ivan
Kondratyevich Artemyev
(d. af.1930)
Commanders-in-chief of Japanese Expeditionary
Forces
3 Aug 1918 - 26 Aug 1919
Kikuzō Ōtani
(b. 1855 - d. 1923) Mil
26 Aug 1919 - 6 Jan 1921
Shigemoto Ōi
(b. 1863 - d. 1951) Mil
6
Jan 1921 - 25 Oct 1922 Koichirō Tachibana
(b. 1861 - d. 1929) Mil
Commander
of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in Siberia
2 Sep 1918
- 1 Apr 1920 William Sidney
Graves
(b. 1865 - d. 1940) Mil
© Ben Cahoon
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