New Zealand
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![[United
Tribes of New Zealand flag (U.K.
gazetted version, 5 pointed stars as
made and used) 1835-1840 (New
Zealand)] [United Tribes of New
Zealand flag (U.K. gazetted version,
5 pointed stars as made and used)
1835-1840 (New Zealand)]](nz-1835c.gif)
- 28 Oct 1835 - 6
Feb 1840 As Gazetted And Used
- Flag of United
Tribes of New Zealand
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- 28 Oct 1835 - 6 Feb
1840 As Used By Maori
- Flag of United
Tribes of New Zealand
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- 6 Feb 1840 - 6 Dec
1902
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- 10 Jan 1867 - 23
Oct 1869 Merchant Ensign
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- 1 Jan 1900 - 9 Jun
1902 Merchant Ensign
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- 23 Oct 1869 - 1
Jan 1900 Merchant Ensign;
- Officially
Adopted 6 Dec 1902
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Map
of New Zealand
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Hear
Co-National Anthem
"God Defend New Zealand"
("Aotearoa")
Adopted 1 May 1940 (co-national
anthem from
21 Nov 1977)
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Hear
Co-National Anthem
"God Save the
King"
(E te Atua tohungia te Kuini)
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Constitution
(1 Jan 1987)
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Capital:
Wellington
(Auckland 1841-Feb 1865;
Old Russell 1840-1841)
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Currency:
New Zealand
Dollar (NZD); 1907-1967
New Zealand Pound (NZP)
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National
Holiday: 6 Feb (1840)
Waitangi Day
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Population:
5,161,211 (2024)
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GDP: $254.7 billion
(2023)
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Exports: $59 billion
(2023)
Imports: $68.4
billion (2023)
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Ethnic
groups: European 64.1%, Maori
16.5%, Chinese 4.9%,
Indian 4.7%, Samoan 3.9%, Tongan 1.8%,
Cook Islands
Maori 1.7%, English 1.5%, Filipino 1.5%,
New Zealander 1%,
other 13.7% (2018)
note: percentages add up to more than
100% because people were able to
identify more than one ethnic group.
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Total
Active Armed Forces: 9,000 (2019)
Merchant marine:
117 ships (2023)
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Religions:
Christian 37.3% (Roman Catholic 10.1%,
Anglican 6.8%, Presbyterian and
Congregational 5.2%, Pentecostal 1.8%,
Methodist 1.6%, Mormon 1.2%, other
10.7%), Hindu 2.7%, Maori 1.3%, Muslim,
1.3%, Buddhist 1.1%, other religion 1.6%
(includes Judaism, Spiritualism and New
Age religions, Baha'i, Asian religions
other than Buddhism), no religion 48.6%,
objected to answering 6.7% (2018)
note: percentages
add up to more than 100% because people
were able to identify more than one
religion.
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ADB,
AG, AIIB (signatory), ANT (consultative),
ANZUS (U.S. suspended security
obligations to NZ on 11 Aug 1986), APA
(observer), APEC, APM, ARF,
ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BTWC, C,
CCM, CD, CP, CPTPP, CWC, EAS, EBRD,
ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO,
ITSO, ITU, ITUC, Mercosur (observer),
MIGA, MTCR, NAM
(guest), NATO (global partner), NPT,
NTBT, NSG, OECD, OPCW, OST, PA (observer),
Paris Club (associate), PC,
PCA, PIF, RCEP, SICA (observer), UN,
UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UPU, WA, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO,
ZC
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New
Zealand
Index
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Chronology
181/186
AD
Massive super volcanic eruption of
Taupo Volcano on
the North Island.
13 Dec
1642
South Island is sighted by the Dutch
Capt. Abel
Janszoon Tasman (b. 1609 - d. 1659)
and named
Staeten Landt, later
known as Nieuw Zeeland.
8 Oct 1769 - 28 Feb 1777
Circumnavigated and claimed for the
United Kingdom
by
Capt. James Cook (b. 1728 - d. 1779).
12 Jun
1772
French Capt. Marc-Joseph Marion du
Fresne (b. 1724 -
d.
1772) and 26 crew are killed at Te Hue
Bay.
1806 -
1845
Musket Wars, series of as many as
3,000 battles and
raids fought throughout New Zealand
among Māori.
28 Oct
1835
Maori declare independence
(Confederation of the
United Tribes) under U.K.
protectorate.
30 Jan
1840
Boundaries of the
government of the British colony
of New South Wales (see under Australian
states),
are
extended to territories of New Zealand
(which
have been or may be) ceded to the U.K.
Crown, by
proclamation issued by the
Lieutenant-Governor
of New Zealand on 30 Jan 1840 at
Russell
(Kororāreka), Bay of Islands.
6 Feb 1840
Sovereignty¹ over the territories
exercised by the
chiefs of some tribes of North Island
of New
Zealand is ceded to the British Crown
in
accordance with a treaty concluded at
Waitangi,
North Island.
21 May
1840
British sovereignty proclaimed over
the North
("Northern") Island, South ("Middle")
Island, and
Stewart Island of New Zealand and is
vested in the
British Crown in accordance with the
proclamations
issued by the Lieutenant-Governor of
New Zealand
on
21 May 1840 at Russell (Kororāreka),
Bay of
Islands.
3 May
1841
Colony
of New Zealand (organized as a
separate
colony by charter signed by the Queen
of the U.K.
on 16 Nov 1840).
1 Nov
1842
Chatham, Bounty, Antipodes, and
Auckland Islands
and Campbell Island are annexed to New
Zealand.
6 Jun
1887
Kermadec Islands annexed to New
Zealand.
26 Sep
1907
Dominion of New Zealand (from 1946 use
of the term
'Dominion' limited, but not formally
excluded, and
was
not included in the Royal Style
proclaimed on
29
May 1953, but remained in use in some
judicial
documents up to 1 Jan 1987).
11 Dec
1931
Statute of Westminster grants
sovereignty to the
British dominions, but requires
ratification by
New Zealand.
25 Nov 1947
Legislative independence of New
Zealand from the
U.K. is achieved upon the adoption of
provisions
of the Statute of Westminster 1931 of
11 Dec 1931
by
the "Statute of Westminster Adoption
Act 1947."
1 Nov
1983
New Zealand is defined as the Realm of
New Zealand
(comprising New Zealand, the
self-governing state
of
the Cook Islands, the self-governing
states of
Niue, Tokelau, and the Ross
Dependency, in a
Letters Patent of 27 Oct 1983).
13 Dec
1986
Constitution Act 1986 is passed,
patriates the New
Zealand constitution to New Zealand
and repeals
the Statute of Westminster (effective
1 Jan 1987).
1 Jan
1987
New Zealand (also in official use in
Māori from
1 Aug 1987, Aotearoa [not
defined in statutory
legislation]).
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Provinces
(1848-1877)
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Maori
Kīngitanga
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Ngāti Tūwharetoa
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Chatham Islands
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Ross
Dependency |
Treaty
of Waitangi
(6 Feb 1840 -
31 Dec 1999) |
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Kings/Queens2
26 Sep 1907
-
the Kings/Queens of the United Kingdom
British Residents
10 May 1833 - 30 Jan 1840 James
Busby
(b. 1802 - d. 1871)
- jointly with -
1834 - 30 Jan
1840
Thomas McDonnell (co-resident) (b. 1788 -
d. 1864)
Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand
30 Jan 1840 - 3 Jan 1841 William
Hobson
(b. 1792 - d. 1842)
Governors and Commanders-in-Chief in and over the
Colony of New Zealand and its Dependencies
3 Jan 1841 - 10 Sep 1842 William
Hobson
(s.a.)
(acting to 3 May 1841)
10 Sep 1842 - 26 Dec
1843 Willoughby Shortland
(acting) (b. 1804 - d.
1869)
Governor and Commander-in-Chief in
and over the Colony of New Zealand and its
Dependencies
26 Dec 1843 - 18 Nov 1845 Robert
FitzRoy
(b. 1805 - d. 1865)
Lieutenant-Governor and
Commanders-in-Chief in and over Her Majesty’s
Colony of New Zealand, and its Dependencies
18 Nov 1845 - 1 Jan 1848 George Grey
(b. 1812 - d. 1898)
Governor-in-Chief in and over the Islands of New
Zealand
1 Jan 1848 - 7 Mar 1853 George Grey
(s.a.)
(from 27 Apr 1848, Sir George Grey)
Governors and Commanders-in-Chief in and over the
Colony of New Zealand and its Dependencies
7 May 1853 - 31 Dec 1853 Sir George Grey
(1st
time)
(s.a.)
3 Jan 1854 - 6 Sep
1855 Robert Henry Wynyard (1st
time) (b. 1802 - d. 1864)
(acting)
6 Sep 1855 - 3 Oct
1861 Thomas Robert Gore
Browne
(b. 1807 - d. 1887)
3 Oct 1861 - 4 Dec
1861 Robert Henry Wynyard (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
4 Dec 1861 - 5 Feb 1868 Sir
George Grey (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
5 Feb 1868 - 19 Mar 1873
Sir George Ferguson
Bowen
(b. 1821 - d. 1899)
21 Mar 1873 - 14 Jun 1873 Sir
George Alfred Arney (acting) (b. 1810 - d.
1883)
14 Jun 1873 - 3 Dec 1874
Sir James Fergusson, Baronet, of (b. 1832 - d.
1907)
Kilkerran in the County of Ayrshire
3 Dec 1874 - 21 Feb 1879
Sir George Augustus Constantine (b.
1819 - d. 1890)
Phipps, Marquess of Normanby, of
Normanby, in the County of York,
Earl of Mulgrave, in the County
of York, Viscount Normanby,
of Normanby, in the County of
York, Baron Mulgrave, in the
County of York
21 Feb 1879 - 27 Mar 1879 James
Prendergast (1st
time) (b. 1826 - d.
1921)
(acting)
27 Mar 1879 - 9 Sep 1880
Sir Hercules George
Robert
(b. 1824 - d. 1897)
Robinson (acting to 17 Apr 1879)
9 Sep 1880 - 29 Nov 1880
James Prendergast (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(acting for Robinson)
29 Nov 1880 - 24 Jun 1882 Sir
Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
24 Jun 1882 - 20 Jan 1883 James
Prendergast (3rd
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
20 Jan 1883 - 23 Mar 1889 Sir
William Francis Drummond (b. 1821 -
d. 1897)
Jervois
23 Mar 1889 - 2 May 1889
James Prendergast (4th
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
2 May 1889 - 25 Feb 1892
William Hillier, Earl of Onslow (b.
1853 - d. 1911)
25 Feb 1892 - 6 Jun 1892
James Prendergast (5th
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
7 Jun 1892 - 8 Feb
1897 David Boyle, Earl of
Glasgow (b. 1833 -
d. 1915)
8 Feb 1897 - 9 Aug
1897 James Prendergast (6th
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
10 Aug 1897 - 20 Jun 1904 Uchter
John Mark
Knox,
(b. 1856 - d. 1933)
Earl of Ranfurly
20 Jun 1904 - 27 Nov 1907
William Lee Plunket,
Baron
(b. 1864 - d. 1920)
Plunket of Newton in County Cork
Governors
and Commanders-in-Chief in and over the Dominion of
New Zealand and its Dependencies
(representing the British monarch
as head of state)
27 Nov 1907 - 22 Jun 1910 William Lee Plunket,
Baron (s.a.)
Plunket of Newton in County Cork
8 Jun 1910 - 22 Jun 1910
Sir Robert Stout (1st time)
(b. 1844 - d. 1930)
(acting for Baron Plunket)
22 Jun 1910 - 19 Dec 1912 John Poynder
Dickson-Poynder, (b. 1866
- d. 1936)
Baron Islington, of Islington in
the County of London, Baronet, of
Sydenham, Roxburgh, New Brunswick
3 Dec 1912 - 19 Dec 1912 Sir Robert
Stout (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Baron Islington)
19 Dec 1912 - 28 Jun 1917 Arthur
William de Brito Savile (b. 1870
- d. 1941)
Foljambe, Earl of Liverpool,
Viscount Hawkesbury, of Kirkham in
the County of York and of Mansfield
in the County of Nottingham, Baron
Hawkesbury, of Haselbech in the County
of Northampton and of Ollerton, Sherwood
Forest, in the County of Nottingham
Governors-General and
Commanders-in-Chief in and over the Dominion of New
Zealand and
Dependencies3
(representing the British monarch as head of state)
28 Jun 1917 - 27 Sep 1920 Arthur William de
Brito Savile (s.a.)
Foljambe, Earl of Liverpool,
Viscount Hawkesbury, of Kirkham in
the County of York and of Mansfield
in the County of Nottingham, Baron
Hawkesbury, of Haselbech in the County
of
Northampton and of Ollerton, Sherwood
Forest,
in the County of Nottingham
8 Jul 1920 - 27 Sep 1920 Sir Robert
Stout (3rd time)
(s.a.)
(administrator, acting for Earl of
Liverpool)
27 Sep 1920 - 13 Dec 1924 John Rushworth Jellicoe,
Viscount (b. 1859 - d. 1935)
Jellicoe, of Scapa in the County
of Orkney
26 Nov 1924 - 13 Dec 1924 Sir Robert Stout
(4th time) (s.a.)
(administrator, acting for Viscount Jellicoe)
13 Dec 1924 - 19 Mar 1930 Sir Charles Fergusson,
Baronet, of (b. 1865 - d. 1951)
Kilkerran in the County of Ayrshire
8 Feb 1930 - 19 Mar 1930 Sir Michael Myers
(1st time) (b. 1873
- d. 1950)
(administrator, acting for Fergusson)
19 Mar 1930 - 12 Apr 1935
Charles Bathurst, Baron Bledisloe, (b. 1867 -
d. 1958)
of Lydney and Aylburton in the
County of Gloucester
15 Mar 1935 - 12 Apr 1935 Sir Michael Myers (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(administrator, acting for Baron Bledisloe)
12 Apr 1935 - 22 Feb 1941 George Vere Arundell
Monckton- (b. 1882 - d. 1943)
Arundell,
Viscount Galway, Baron
Killard, of the County of Calre,
Baron Monckton, of Serlby in the
County of Nottingham)
3 Feb 1941 - 22 Feb 1941 Sir Michael Myers
(3rd time)
(s.a.)
(administrator, acting for Viscount
Galway)
22 Feb 1941 - 17 Jun 1946 Sir Cyril Louis Norton
Newall (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
19 Apr 1946 - 17 Jun 1946 Sir Michael Myers (4th
time) (s.a.)
(administrator, acting for Newall)
17 Jun 1946 - 2 Dec 1952 Sir Bernard Cyril
Freyberg
(b. 1889 - d. 1963)
(from 16 Oct 1951, Bernard Cyril Freyberg,
Baron Freyberg, of Wellington, New Zealand
and of Munstead in the County of Surrey)
15 Aug 1952 - 2 Dec 1952 Sir Humphrey
Francis O'Leary (b.
1886 - d. 1953)
(administrator, acting for Freyberg)
Governors-General and Commanders-in-Chief in and
over New Zealand
(representing the British monarch as
head of state)
2 Dec 1952 - 5 Sep
1957 Sir Charles Willoughby Moke Norrie (b. 1893 -
d. 1977)
(from 22 Aug 1957, Charles Willoughby Moke
Norrie,
Baron Norrie, of Wellington, New Zealand, and
of Hawkesbury Upton in the County of Gloucester)
25 Jul 1957 - 5 Sep 1957 Sir Harold Eric
Barrowclough (b. 1894 -
d. 1972)
(administrator, acting for Norrie)
(1st time)
5 Sep 1957 - 9 Nov 1962 Charles
John Lyttelton, Viscount (b. 1909 - d. 1962)
Cobham,
Baron Cobham, of Cobham in
the County of Kent, Baron Westcote,
of Ballymore in the County of Longford,
Lord Lyttleton, Baron of Frankley,
in the County of Worcester, Baronet,
of Stowe in the County of Buckingham
13 Sep 1962 - 9 Nov 1962 Sir Harold Eric
Barrowclough (s.a.)
(administrator, acting for Viscount Cobham)
(2nd time)
9 Nov 1962 - 1 Dec 1967 Sir
Bernard Edward Fergusson (b. 1911 -
d. 1980)
20 Oct 1967 - 1 Dec 1967 Sir Herbert
Richard Churton Wild (b. 1912 - d. 1978)
(administrator, acting for Fergusson)
(1st time)
1 Dec 1967 - 27 Sep 1972 Sir Arthur
Espie Porritt, Baronet, (b. 1900 - d. 1994)
of Hampstead in the County of London
7 Sep 1972 - 27 Sep 1972
Sir Herbert Richard Churton Wild (s.a.)
(administrator, acting for
Porritt)
(2nd time)
27 Sep 1972 - 4 Oct 1977 Sir Edward
Denis
Blundell
(b. 1907 - d. 1984)
5 Oct 1977 - 26 Oct 1977 Sir
Herbert Richard Churton Wild (s.a.)
(administrator) (3rd
time)
26 Oct 1977 - 27 Oct 1980 Sir Keith Jacka
Holyoake
(b. 1904 - d. 1983)
28 Oct 1980 - 6 Nov 1980
Sir Ronald Keith Davison (1st time)(b. 1920 -
d. 2015)
(administrator)
6 Nov 1980 - 10 Nov 1985 Sir David
Stuart
Beattie
(b. 1924 - d. 2001)
11 Nov 1985 - 20 Nov 1985 Sir
Ronald Keith Davison (2nd time)(s.a.)
(administrator)
20 Nov 1985 - 29 Nov 1990 Sir Paul Alfred
Reeves
(b. 1932 - d. 2011)
30 Nov 1990 - 12 Dec 1990 Sir Johann Thomas
Eichelbaum (b. 1931 - d. 2018)
(1st time) (administrator)
12 Dec 1990 - 3 Mar 1996 Dame
Catherine Anne Tizard (f) (b.
1931 - d. 2021)
4 Mar 1996 - 21 Mar 1996 Sir
Johann Thomas Eichelbaum (s.a.)
(2nd time) (administrator)
21 Mar 1996 - 21 Mar 2001 Sir Michael Hardie
Boys
(b. 1931 - d. 2023)
22 Mar 2001 - 4 Apr 2001
Dame Sian Seerpoohi Elias (f)
(b. 1949)
(1st time) (administrator)
4 Apr 2001 - 4 Aug
2006 Dame Silvia Rose Cartwright
(f) (b. 1943)
5 Aug 2006 - 23 Aug 2006 Dame Sian
Seerpoohi Elias (f)
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (administrator)
Governors-General and
Commanders-in-Chief in and over the Realm of New
Zealand
(representing the British monarch as head of state)
23 Aug 2006 - 23 Aug 2011 Anand
Satyanand
(b. 1944)
(from 27 Mar 2009, Sir Anand Satyanand)
24 Aug 2011 -
31 Aug 2011 Dame Sian Seerpoohi Elias
(f) (s.a.)
(3rd time) (administrator)
31 Aug 2011 - 31 Aug 2016 Sir Jeremiah
"Jerry" Mateparae (b.
1954)
1 Sep 2016 - 28 Sep 2016 Dame Sian
Seerpoohi Elias (f) (s.a.)
(4th time) (administrator)
28 Sep 2016 - 28 Sep 2021 Dame Patricia "Patsy"
Lee Reddy (f)(b. 1954)
28 Sep 2021 - 21 Oct 2021 Dame Helen Diana
Winkelmann (f) (b. 1962)
(acting) (administrator)
21 Oct 2021
-
Dame Alcyion Cynthia "Cindy"
(b. 1958)
Kiro (f)
Prime ministers4
7 May 1856 - 20 May 1856
Henry
Sewell
(b. 1807 - d. 1879) Non-party
20 May 1856 - 2 Jun
1856 William Fox (1st
time)
(b. 1812 - d. 1893) Non-party
2 Jun 1856 - 12 Jul
1861 Edward William Stafford (1st time) (b. 1819 -
d. 1901) Non-party
12 Jul 1861 - 6 Aug
1862 William Fox (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
6 Aug 1862 - 30 Oct
1863 Alfred
Domett
(b. 1811 - d. 1887) Non-party
30 Oct 1863 - 24 Nov
1864 Frederick Whitaker (1st
time) (b. 1812 - d.
1891) Non-party
24 Nov 1864 - 16 Oct
1865 Frederick Aloysius
Weld
(b. 1823 - d. 1891) Non-party
16 Oct 1865 - 28 Jun
1869 Edward William Stafford (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
28 Jun 1869 - 10 Sep
1872 William Fox (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
10 Sep 1872 - 11 Oct 1872 Edward
William Stafford (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
11 Oct 1872 - 3 Mar 1873
George Marsden
Waterhouse
(b. 1824 - d. 1906) Non-party
3 Mar 1873 - 8 Apr
1873 William Fox (4th
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
8 Apr 1873 - 6 Jul
1875 Julius Vogel (1st
time)
(b. 1835 - d. 1899) Non-party
(from 28 May 1875, Sir Julius Vogel)
6 Jul 1875 - 15 Feb 1876
Daniel
Pollen
(b. 1813 - d. 1896) Non-party
15 Feb 1876 - 1 Sep 1876
Sir Julius Vogel (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
1 Sep 1876 - 13 Oct 1877
Harry Atkinson (1st
time)
(b. 1831 - d. 1892) Non-party
13 Oct 1877 - 8 Oct 1879
Sir George
Grey
(s.a.)
Non-party
8 Oct 1879 - 21 Apr 1882
John
Hall
(b. 1824 - d. 1907) Non-party
21 Apr 1882 - 25 Sep 1883
Frederick Whitaker (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
25 Sep 1883 - 16 Aug 1884 Harry
Atkinson (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
16 Aug 1884 - 28 Aug 1884 Robert
Stout (1st
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
28 Aug 1884 - 3 Sep 1884
Harry Atkinson (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
3 Sep 1884 - 8 Oct
1887 Robert Stout (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(from 29 May 1886, Sir Robert Stout)
8 Oct 1887 - 24 Jan 1891
Harry Atkinson (4th
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(from 28 Jan 1888, Sir Harry Atkinson)
24 Jan 1891 - 27 Apr 1893 John
Ballance
(b. 1839 - d. 1893) Lib
1 May 1893 - 10 Jun 1906
Richard John
Seddon
(b. 1845 - d. 1906) Lib
21 Jun 1906 - 6 Aug 1906
William Hall-Jones
(acting) (b.
1851 - d. 1936) Lib
6 Aug 1906 - 28 Mar 1912
Sir Joseph George Ward (1st time) (b. 1856 - d.
1930) Lib
(from 20 Jun 1911, Sir Joseph George Ward,
Baronet of Wellington)
28 Mar 1912 - 10 Jul 1912 Thomas
Mackenzie
(b. 1854 - d. 1930) Lib
10 Jul 1912 - 10 May 1925
William Ferguson
Massey
(b. 1856 - d. 1925) Ref
14 May 1925 - 30 May 1925 Sir
Francis Henry Dillon Bell
(b. 1851 - d. 1936) Ref
30 May 1925 - 10 Dec 1928 Joseph
Gordon
Coates
(b. 1878 - d. 1943) Ref
10 Dec 1928 - 28 May 1930 Sir
Joseph George Ward, Baronet
(s.a.)
Uni
of
Wellington (2nd time)
28 May 1930 - 5 Dec 1935
George William
Forbes
(b. 1869 - d. 1947) Uni
5 Dec 1935 - 27 Mar 1940
Michael Joseph
Savage
(b. 1872 - d. 1940) Lab
27 Mar 1940 - 13 Dec 1949 Peter
Fraser
(b. 1884 - d. 1950) Lab
(acting to 1 Apr 1940)
13 Dec 1949 - 26 Sep 1957 Sidney George
Holland
(b. 1893 - d. 1961) Nat
26 Sep 1957 - 12 Dec 1957 Keith
Jacka Holyoake (1st time)
(s.a.)
Nat
12 Dec 1957 - 26 Nov 1960 Walter
Nash
(b. 1882 - d. 1968) Lab
26 Nov 1960 - 7 Feb 1972
Keith Jacka Holyoake (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Nat
(from 13 Jun 1970, Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake)
7 Feb 1972 - 8 Dec
1972 John Ross
Marshall
(b. 1912 - d. 1988) Nat
8 Dec 1972 - 31 Aug 1974
Norman Eric
Kirk
(b. 1923 - d. 1974) Lab
1 Sep 1974 - 6 Sep
1974 Hugh Watt
(acting)
(b. 1912 - d. 1980) Lab
6 Sep 1974 - 12 Dec 1975
Wallace Edward
Rowling
(b. 1927 - d. 1995) Lab
12 Dec 1975 - 26 Jul 1984 Robert
David
Muldoon
(b. 1921 - d. 1992) Nat
(from 31 Dec 1983, Sir Robert David Muldoon)
26 Jul 1984 - 8 Aug 1989
David Russell
Lange
(b. 1942 - d. 2005) Lab
8 Aug 1989 - 4 Sep
1990 Geoffrey
Palmer
(b.
1942)
Lab
4 Sep 1990 - 2 Nov
1990 Michael "Mike" Kenneth
Moore (b. 1949 - d.
2020) Lab
2 Nov 1990 - 8 Dec
1997 James "Jim" Brendan
Bolger
(b.
1935)
Nat
8 Dec 1997 - 10 Dec 1999
Jennifer "Jenny" Mary Shipley (f) (b.
1952)
Nat
10 Dec 1999 - 19 Nov 2008 Helen
Elizabeth Clark
(f)
(b.
1950)
Lab
19 Nov 2008 - 12 Dec 2016 John Phillip Key
(b. 1961)
Nat
12 Dec 2016 - 26 Oct 2017 Simon William "Bill"
English (b.
1961)
Nat
26 Oct 2017 - 25 Jan 2023 Jacinda Kate Laurell
Ardern (f) (b.
1980)
Lab
(on leave 21 Jun - 1 Aug 2018)
21 Jun 2018 - 1 Aug 2018 Winston Raymond
Peters
(b. 1945)
NZF
(acting for Ardern)
25 Jan 2023 - 27 Nov 2023
Christopher "Chris" John Hipkins (b. 1978)
Lab
27 Nov 2023
-
Christopher Mark
Luxon
(b.
1970)
Nat
-
![[Tino
Rangatiratanga Maori flag (New
Zealand)(Aotearoa)] [Tino
Rangatiratanga Maori flag (New
Zealand)(Aotearoa)]](nz_mtino.gif)
- 'Tino Rangatiratanga' Maori
Flag
- Adopted 14 Dec 2009 "as a
flag of New Zealand"
|
¹The term "sovereignty" is used in the
English version of the treaty, while the term featuring
in the Māori version was kāwanatanga
("governorship"), a loan word and not part of the Māori
language at the time. The treaty was signed by a number
of chiefs on 6 Feb 1840, more signatures were added to
the treaty from February to Sep 1840, including those
from some parts of the South Island.
2full
style of the ruler:
(a) 26 Sep 1907 - 12 May 1927: "By the
Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas
King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India";
(b) 12 May 1927 - 6 Feb 1952: "By the
Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British
Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith,
Emperor of India" (the title "Emperor of India" was
dropped as of 15 Aug 1947 by retroactive proclamation
dated 22 Jun 1948);
(c) 6 Feb 1952 - 29 May 1953: "By the
Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British
Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith";
(d) 29 May 1953 - 6 Feb 1974: "By the
Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Her
other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the
Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith";
(e) 6 Feb 1974 - 8 Sep 2022: "By the
Grace of God, Queen of New Zealand and Her other Realms
and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of
the Faith"; and from 1 Aug 1987 (in Māori:
"I te Atawhai a te Atua, ko ia nei te Kuini o Aotearoa
me Ērā Atu o Ōna Whenua, Rohe hoki, te Ūpoko o te
Kotahitanga o Ngā Whenua i Raro i Tōna Maru, te
Kaipupuri i te Mana o te Hāhi o Ingarangi");
(f) from 8 Sep 2022: "By the Grace of God,
King of New Zealand and His other Realms and
Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the
Faith" (in Māori: "I te Atawhai o
te Atua, ko ia te Kīngi o Aotearoa me Ērā Atu o Ōna
Whenua, Rohe hoki, te Ūpoko o te Kotahitanga o Ngā
Whenua i Raro i Tōna Maru, te Kaipupuri i te Mana o te
Hāhi o Ingarangi").
3full
title of the governors-general:;
(a) 28 Jun 1917 - 2 Dec 1952:
"Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief in and over
the Dominion of New Zealand and Dependencies";
(b) 2 Dec 1952 - 23 Aug 2006: "Governor-General
and Commander-in-Chief in and over New Zealand"; and
from 1 Aug 1987 (in Māori):
Kāwana-Tianara o Aotearoa;
(c) from 23 Aug 2006: "Governor-General and
Commander-in-Chief in and over the Realm of New
Zealand"; and (in Māori): Kāwana-Tianara o te Whenua
o Aotearoa."
4The
titles "Premier" and "First Minister" were variously
applied to each of the principal ministers until 1869,
when Premier became customary. Although the title Prime
minister was first used formally in the Schedule of the
Civil List Act of 1873, no one used the title officially
until Richard John Seddon, beginning in 1893. In 1906
William Hall-Jones was the first person to be officially
appointed to such a position. James Edward FitzGerald
and Thomas Spencer Forsaith are regarded by
some historians as having headed up Governments from the
dates 14 Jun 1854 to 2 Aug 1854 and 31 Aug 1854 to 2 Sep
1854 respectively. However, neither held the post of
Colonial Secretary which normally denoted the Head of
Government back then, and both of them served prior to
the introduction of responsible self-government thus
most historians regard Sewell as the first Prime
minister or Head of Government.
Territorial Dispute: Antarctic
territorial claim (Ross Dependency)
is not recognized by the United Nations, U.S., Russia,
or by other countries (other than Australia, France,
Norway and
U.K.).
Party abbreviations: Lab
= New Zealand Labour Party/Rōpū Reipa o Aotearoa
(social-democratic, center-left, est.7 Jul 1916); Nat
= New Zealand National Party/Rōpū Nāhinara o
Aotearoa (conservative, center-right, merger
of Ref and UP, est.14 May 1936); NZF =
New Zealand First/Aotearoa Tuatahi (centrist,
nationalist, populist, social conservative, est.18 Jul
1993);
- Former parties:
Lib = Liberal Party (liberal,
centrist, 1891-1927); Ref =
New Zealand Political Reform League ("Reform
Party", conservative, center-right, 1905-1935);
Uni = United Party (liberal
conservative, center-right, 1927-1936)
Maori community
Kīngitanga (King Movement)
-
- 1858 - 25 Jun 1860
|
![[reconstructed flag of Maori King Tawhiao
1861-1894 (New Zealand)] [reconstructed flag of
Maori King Tawhiao 1861-1894 (New Zealand)]](nz_kgpo2.gif)
1861 - 26 Aug 1894
|
-
- c.1966 - 15 Aug 2006
|
Note: The first two kings were
leaders of the revolt against the colony; after the
second king's surrender he and his successors maintained
a symbolic and prestigious community leadership to this
day.
2 Jun 1858
Kingship established (included the area south of
Auckland,
encompassing Lake Taupo and to the edge of the
Taranaki region.
Tribes in this area include Waikato [the King's tribe],
Ngāti
Maniapoto, Ngāti Hauā, Ngāti Raukawa, and Ngāti
Tūwharetoa; The
King also had kāwana (governors)
representing other tribes
outside his territory - these seem to have covered
most of New
Zealand but did not hold universal authority in
their regions).
1863/64
Colonial government
conquers the Waikato region and took the
King's capital (Ngāruawāhia), the King retreated
south of the
Puniu River into Ngāti Maniapoto territory and
remained head
of a reduced 'King Country').
12 Aug
1881
Surrender to the New Zealand government, royalty
continues.
12 Apr
1894
Constitution promulgated by Kīngitanga for
"Aotearoa", recognizing
the Te
Kauhanganui (parliament) under a Ngā Tumuaki o
te
Kīngitanga (presidents of the King Movement, as
premiers of
the
great council).
Kings (title Te
Arikinui)
2 Jun 1858 - 25 Jun 1860 Pōtatau
I Te
Wherowhero
(b. 179. - d. 1860)
25 Jun 1860 - 5 Jul 1860 Wīremu
Tāmihana Tarapīpipi Te Waharoa(b. c.1805 - d. 1866)
(acting)
5 Jul 1860 - 26 Aug 1894 Tūkāroto
Matutaera
(b. 1822 - d.
1894)
(from Aug 1864, Tāwhiao
Pōtatau Te Wherowhero "Te A")
26 Aug 1894 - 14 Sep 1894
Tupu Atanatiu Taingākawa Te Waharoa (b. 1844?
- d. 1929)
(1st time) (acting)
14 Sep 1894 - 9 Nov 1912 Mahuta Tāwhiao
Pōtatau Te
(b. 1855? - d. 1912)
Wherowhero
9 Nov 1912 - 24 Nov 1912 Tupu Atanatiu
Taingākawa Te Waharoa (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
24 Nov 1912 - 1 Oct 1933 Te Rata (=
Te Rata Mahuta)
(b. 1880 - d. 1933)
1 Oct 1933 - 8 Oct
1933 Tarapīpipi Taingākawa Te
Waharoa (b. c.1875 - d. 1941)
(acting)
8 Oct 1933 - 18 May 1966 Korokī (= Korokī Te
Rata Mahuta) (b. 1909 - d.
1966)
18 May 1966 - 23 May 1966 Te Waharoa
Tarapīpipi Tāmehana (b. 1903? - d.
1968)
(Tāmihana) (acting)
Queen
23 May 1966 - 15 Aug 2006 Te
Ātairangikaahu
(b. 1931 - d. 2006)
(from 1 Jan 1970, Dame Te Ātairangikaahu)
(= Piki Korokī Mahuta)
King
15 Aug 2006 - 21 Aug 2006 Anaru
Tarapīpipi Wiripoai
Te (b.
1948? - d. 2022)
Awaitaia Thompson (acting)
21 Aug 2006 - 29 Aug 2024 Tūheitia (= Tūheitia
Paki) (b. 1955 - d.
2024)
(from 27 Nov
2009, Sir Tūheitia)
(from 14 Aug 2017, Sir Tūheitia
Pōtatau Te Wherowhero VII)
Queen
5 Sep 2024
-
Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō Pōtatau Te
Wherowhero VIII
(b. 1997)
(= Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō Paki)
King Makers (title Ngā Tangata Whakawaahi
Kīngi)
2 Jun 1858 - 27 Dec 1866 Wīremu
Tāmihana Tarapīpipi Te Waharoa(s.a.)
27 Dec 1866 - 2 May 1892 Tupu Atanatiu
Taingākawa Te Waharoa (s.a.)
Presidents of the King Movement (title Ngā
Tumuaki o te Kīngitanga)(prime ministers)
2 May 1892 - 24 Jun 1929 Tupu Atanatiu
Taingākawa Te Waharoa (s.a.)
24 Jun 1929 - 10 May 1941 Tarapīpipi Taingākawa Te
Waharoa (s.a.)
10 May 1941 -
1953
Wīremu (Tawhe Tarapīpipi) Tāmihana (b. 1897?
- d. 1953)
1953 - 1968
Te Waharoa Tarapīpipi Tāmehana
(s.a.)
(Tāmihana)
1968 - 1972
Tahiwaru Tarapīpipi Tāmehana
(b. 1908? - d. 1972)
(Tāmihana)
1972 -
1974
Ranginui Wiripoai Tāmehana Thompson (b. 1910? - d.
1974)
1974 - 2000
Wiripoai (Bill) Tarapīpipi Tāmehana
(b. 193. - d. 2000)
(Tāmihana)
2000 - Jun 2022
Anaru Tarapīpipi Wiripoai Te
Awaitaia(s.a.)
Thompson
2022 -
Hone Tāmihana
Te Kotahitanga (Unity Movement)
17 Jun 1892
Maori Unity
Movement (Te Kotahitanga
o te Tiriti o
Waitangi)
established (not recognized by New Zealand or
directly affiliated with the "King Movement").
May 1895
Attempt to unite the Te
Kotahitanga and Te Kīngitanga parliaments
fail.
1902
Final meeting of the Te Kotahitanga
is held at Waiōmatatini,
its role is largely superseded by Māori councils.
14 Jan
1904
Following the death Hamuera Tamahau
Mahupuku no one replaces
him and the movement dissolves.
Presidents of the Unity
Movement (title
Tumuaki o te Huinga Kotahitanga)(prime
ministers)
17 Jun 1892 -
1893 Hāmiora
Mangakāhia (1st
time) (b.
1838? - d. 1918)
1893 -
1895
Hoani Turi Te Whatahoro Jury
(b. 1841 - d. 1923)
1895 - 1898
Hāmiora Mangakāhia
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
1898 - 14 Jun 1904
Hāmuera Tamahau Mahupuku
(b. 1840 - d. 1904)
Ngāti Tūwharetoa
c.1750
Chiefdom established.
Paramount chiefs (title Ariki Nui)
17.. -
....
Te Rangituamatotoru
.... -
....
Te Wakaiti
.... -
c.1820
Herea Te
Rangimaheuheu
(b. c.1750 - d. c.1820)
(later, Herea Te Heuheu Tūkino
I)
c.1820 - 7 May
1846 Mananui Te
Heuheu Tūkino
II
(b. 1780 - d. 1846)
1846 - Oct
1862
Iwikau Te Heuheu Tūkino
III
(b. 1790 - d. 1862)
1862 - 30 Jul
1888
Horonuku Te Heuheu Tūkino
IV (b.
1821 - d. 1888)
1888 - 1 Jun
1921
Tureiti Te Heuheu Tūkino
V
(b. 1865 - d. 1921)
1921 - 27 Apr
1944
Hoani Te Heuheu Tūkino
VI
(b. 1897 - d. 1944)
1944 - 31 Jul
1997
Hepi Hoani Te Heuheu Tūkino
VII (b. 1919 - d. 1997)
(from 1 Jan 1979, Sir Hepi Hoani
Te Heuheu Tūkino VII)
5 Aug 1997
-
Tumu Te Heuheu Tūkino
VIII
(b. 1942?)
(from 31 Dec 2004, Sir Tumu Te Heuheu Tūkino
VIII)
Chatham Islands
From 1989 Unofficial Local Flag
|
29 Nov 1791
Sighted by Lt. William Broughton on HMS
Chatham and
claimed for U.K., named after John Pitt, Earl of Chatham.
19 Nov 1835
British mercenary ship arrives
carrying armed Maori who
proceed to attack the native Moriori.
1 Nov 1842
Islands (Rēkohu in
Moriori, Wharekauri in Māori) annexed to
New Zealand as the Chatham Islands.
8 Nov 1901
Chatham Islands County
1 Nov 1995
Chatham Islands Territory (part
of New Zealand Outlying Islands).
Resident Magistrates
1855 - 1863
Archibald Watson Shand
(b. 1808 - d.
1878)
1863 - 1869
William Esdaile
Thomas
(b. 1826 - d. 1891)
1869 -
1872
Robert Joseph Lanauze
(b. 1832?
- d. 1893)
1872
Felix Edward
Wakefield
(b. 1845
- d. 1924)
1873 - 1891
Samuel Deighton
(b. 1821 - d. 1900)
1891 - 1897
Frederick John William Gascoyne
(b. 1837 - d. 1926)
(Gascoigne)
Sep 1898 - 1905
Robert Stone Florance
(b. 1856 - d.
1928)
1905 -
1906
Hugh Walter Pigeon
(b. 1874 - d. 1926)
1906 -
1919
George Homer Gibson
(b. 1863?
- d. 1936)
Apr 1919 - 1920
George Redpath
(b. 1892 – d. 1951)
1921 -
1922
Geoffrey Sherbourne Clayton
(b. 1856 - d. 1929)
1922 - 1923
Walter Scott Alexander
(b. 1879? - d. 1923)
1923 - 1925
Edward Pohau Ellison
(b. 1884 - d. 1963)
1925 - 1930?
Herbert
Greenwood
(b. 1869? - d. 1937)
1930 - 1949
Ryan Holmes
(b. 1876? - d. 1949)
Resident Commissioners
and Magistrates
1950 - 1952
Geoffrey
Nevill
(b. 1900 -
d. 1972)
1952 - 1958
John "Jack" Kenneth
Patterson (b.
1914 - d. 2003)
1958 -
1972
Donald "Don" Stewart
Reid
(b. 1916 - d. 2002)
Commissioners
1972 - 1979
Edward Joseph Lynskey
(b. 1909 - d.
1982)
1979 - c.1984
William "Bill" James Sewell
(b. c.1928?)
Mayors of the Chatham Islands
Council
1992 - 31 Jan 2010
Patrick "Pat" F.
Smith
Non-party
1 Feb 2010 - 23 Oct 2019 Alfred W. Preece
(acting to Oct 2010)(b. 1921 - d. 2018) Non-party
23 Oct 2019 -
Monique Croon
(f)
Non-party
General Manager of the Chatham
Islands Council
199. - 2002
Terrence "Terry" C.
Melville
Chief Executive Officers of the
Chatham Islands Council
Jan 2002 - 1 Nov 2023
Owen Pickles
(b. c.1955)
1 Nov 2023
-
Tahere Paul
Eagle
(b. 1972)
© Ben Cahoon
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