Kenyan Traditional states

Kenyan Traditional States

States: Masai - Mombasa - Nandi - Pate - Wanga - Witu -

Note: This record deals with the two major coastal polities (Pate island, with its successor Witu, and Mombasa) and three major polities of the interior (Masai, Nandi, Wanga). Other known
polities are very minor and the information is very incomplete. Under the British "indirect" rule the states and chiefdoms were recognized by the British as the Native Authorities with legal authority of local administration (from 1912) and taxation (from 1926). In most cases the status of Native Authority was exercised by councils of federated rulers and chiefs (Kikuyu and Kavirondo [present Luo]), the largest and the fourth largest ethnic groups in Kenya, were not organized in proper states). As of 1947 there were 26 Native Authorities in present Kenya and all of them were councils.

Pate

1203                       Pate sultanate independent from Kilwa Kisiwani.
1821                       Under Omani suzerainty. 1858                       Former ruler founds Witu sultanate on mainland after
                             several abortive moves.
1870                       Pate state extinguished.

Sultans (styled mfalume in Kiswahili) 1565 - 1594                Muhammad 1594 - 1602                Bwana Bakari 1602 - 1651                Abu Bakr Bwana Gogo 1651 - 1689                Bwana Mkuu 1689 - 1692                Bwana Bakari 1699 - 1739                Abu Bakr Bwana Tamu Mkuu 1739 - 1747                Ahmad 1747 - 1763                Abu Bakr Bwana Tamu Mtoto 1763 - 1773                Mwana Khadija 1773 - 1777                Bwana Mkuu 1777 - 1809                Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr
1809 - 1815                Ahmad ibn Shaykh
1815 - 1821                Fumo Luti "Kipunga" ibn Fumo Madi
1821                   Fumo Luti ibn Ahmad
1821 - 1824                Bwana Shaykh ibn Fumo Madi (1st time)
1824 - 1826                Bwana Waziri ibn Bwana Tamu (1st time)
1826 - 1831                Bwana Shaykh ibn Fumo Madi (2nd time)
1831 - 1835                Bwana Waziri ibn Bwana Tamu (2nd time)
1835 - 1846                Fumo Bakari ibn Shaykh
1846 - 1857                Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari
1857 - 1870                Ahmad Simba Balla ibn Fumo Luti

Witu


27 May 1885 - 1 Jul 1890

Map of Wituland

Capital: Witu

1858 Former ruler of Pate founds Witu sultanate on mainland after several abortive moves. 8 Apr 1885 25 sq. mile area purchased from the Sultan by German Denhardt brothers.27 May 1885 - 1 Jul 1890 German protectorate declared (Wituland).18 Jun 1890 British protectorate declared (see under Mombasa).

Sultans (styled mfalume in Kiswahili)
1858 - 1888                Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari
1888 - 1890                Fumo Bakari ibn Ahmad
1890 - 1891                Bwana Shaykh ibn Ahmad
1891 - 1893                Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad (1st time)
1893 - 7 Jul 1895         Vacant
7 Jul 1895 - ....     Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad (2nd time)

German Residents
8 Apr 1885 - 1 Jul 1890 Gustav Denhardt (b. 1856 - d. 1917)
+ Clemens Andreas Denhardt (b. 1852 - d. 1928)

Mombasa


31 Jul 1893 - 22 Jul 1920

1502 Mvita (Kiswahili) or Manbasa (Arabic) sultanate independent from Kilwa Kisiwani. 1585 - 16 Mar 1588 Under Ottoman Empire suzerainty. 11 Apr 1593 Portuguese Fortaleza de Jesus de Mombaça founded. 16 Aug 1631 - 1632 Swahili occupation. 5 Aug 1632 Portuguese occupation. 5 Aug 1632- 13 Dec 1698 Portuguese colony (subordinated toGoa). 13 Dec 1698 UnderOmanisovereignty. 12 Mar 1728 - 26 Nov 1729 Portuguese rule restored. 26 Nov 1729 Under Omanisovereignty. 1746 Independent (disputed by Oman). 8 Feb 1824 - 25 Jul 1826 British provisional protectorate declared. 25 Jul 1826 Omani rule restored. 24 Jun 1837 Annexed byZanzibar. 24 May 1887 Administration relinquished to the British East Africa Association (see underKenya). 1 Jul 1895 Kenya protectorate (i.e., the coastal strip nominally under Zanzibari sovereignty).12 Dec 1963 Incorporated into independent Kenya.

Sultans of Mombasa 1593 - 1609 Muhammad 1609 - 1614    Hasan 1626 - 5 Aug 1632 Yusuf Captains-major1593 - 1596                Mateus Mendes de Vasconcellos1596 - 1598                António Godinho de Andrade1598 - 1606                Rui Soares de Melo1606 - 1609               Gaspar Pereira1609 - 1610               Pedro Gomes de Abreu 1610 - 1614                Manuel de Melo Pereira1614 - 1620                Simãode Melo Pereira1620 - 1625                Francisco de Sousa Pereira
1625 - 1629                Marçal de Macedo
1629 - 13 Aug 1631         Pedro Leitao de Gamboa    (d. 1631)
13 Aug 1631 - May? 1632    Yusuf bin Hasan -Sultan (d. 1638?) (Jeromino Chingulia) 1632 - 1635    Pedro Rodriuges Botelho
1635 - 1639                Francisco de Seixas Cabreira
                             (1st time)
1639 - 1642                Martim Afonso Manuel
1643 - 1646                Manuel de Sousa Coutinho
1646 - 1648 Diogo de Barros da Silva 1648 - 1651                António da Silva de Meneses
1651 - 1653                Francisco de Seixas Cabreira
                             (2nd time)
1653 - 1658                ....
1658 - 1663                José Botelho da Silva
1663 - 1667                Manuel de Campos
1667 - 1670                João Santos? Cota
1671 - 1673                João Homem da Costa
1673 - 1676                Manuel de Campos Mergulhão
1676 - 1679                Francisco Morais de Faria
1679 - 168.                Manuel Teixeira Franco
168. - 1682                Pedro Taveira Henriques
1682 - 1686      Leandroda Costa 1686 - 1688                João Antunes Portugal
1688 - 1693                Duarte Figueiredo de Melo
1693 - 1694                Pascoal de Abreu Sarmento
1694 - 1696                João Rodrigues Leão
1696 - 1697                Antonio Mogo de Melo
1697 - Jan 1698            Dau, príncipe de Faza
Dec 1697 - Jan 1698 JoséPereira de Brito (did not take office) 1698 - 13 Dec 1698         Leandro Barbosa Souto-maior    (d. 1698)
Rulers/Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])
13 Dec 1698 - Dec 1698     Imam Sa`if ibn Sultan
Dec 1698 - 1728            Nasr ibn Abdallah al-Mazru`i
1728 - 12 Mar 1728         Shaykh Rumba
Captain-major
12 Mar 1728 - 26 Nov 1729  Álvaro Caetano de Castro e Melo
Rulers/Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])
26 Nov 1729 - 1734         Muhammad ibn Said al-Ma'amri
1735 - 1739                Salih ibn Uthman al-Hadermi
1739 - 1745                Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
1746                       `Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
Sultans
1746 - 1755                `Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
1755 - 1773                Masud ibn Naisr al-Mazru`i
1773 - 1782                Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mazru`i
1782 - 1811                Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru`i      (b. 17.. - d. 1814)
1812 - 1823                `Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i    (d. 1823)
1823 - 1826                Sulayman ibn `Ali al-Mazru`i
1826 - Mar 1835            Salim ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i         (d. 1835)
Mar 1835 - 1836            Nasur ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i
1836 - 1837                Rashid ibn Salim al-Mazru`i        (d. 1839)
1837 - 24 Jun 1837         Khamis ibn Rashid al-Mazru`i       (d. af.1861)
Rulers/Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])1837 - 1860                Abdallah ibn Hamish al-Mazru`i
1860 - 1873                Mubarrak ibn Rashid al-Mazru`i
1873 - 1 Jul 1895         Rashid ibn Hamish al-Mazru`i

British governors
7 Feb 1824 - 13 Feb 1824 William Fitz William Owen        (b. 1774 - d. 1857)
13 Feb 1824 - 29 May 1824 John James Reitz (b. 1801 - d. 1824)
29 May 1824 - 28 Aug 1824 George Phillips (actin)    (d. 1825)
28 Aug 1824 - 25 Jul 1826 James Barker Emery (acting)    (b. 1791 - d. 1889)

Masai

187.                       Masai clans united.
1888                       Included in British East Africa.
1918                       Chiefdom abolished by the British authorities.

Laibons¹ (after 1904 paramount chiefs)
187. - 1890                Mbatian                            (b. c.1820 - d. 1890)
1890 - 1911                Lenana
1911 - 1918                Segi

¹Both the Laibon and the Orkoiyoi were in origin only chief ritual leaders. Later they also became political and military leaders.

Nandi

184. Nandi clans united.1888 Included in British East Africa (final submission in 1905). 1922 Chiefdom abolished by the British authorities.

Orkoiyois¹ .... - .... Kipsegun .... - .... arap Kipsegun (to ....) + Kopokoii .... - .... Torokut1885 - c.1890 Kimnyole (d. c.1890)c.1890 - 19 Oct 1905 Koitalel arap Samoei (b. 1860 - d. 1905) 1905 - 1919 Kipeles (or Tamasun) 1919 - 1922 Barsirian arap Manyei (b. 1882 - d. 19..)

¹Both the Laibon and the Orkoiyoi were in origin only chief ritual leaders. Later they also became political and military leaders.

Wanga

15.. Kingdom of Wanga founded. 1888 Included in British East Africa.

Kings (title Nabongo) .... - .... Chitechi II.... - .... Osundwa.... - .... Wamukoya c.1850 - c.1882 Shiundu (d. c.1882) 1888 - 1949 Mumia I (b. c.1850 - d. 1949) 1949 - 1971 Shitawa (d. 1971) 1974 - Peter Mumia II (b. 1952)