WorldStatesmen.org Home
return to India >
to Princely States A-J >>

 


Princely States of India K-Z

States: Kachari - Kachh (Kutch) - Kadana - Kalahandi - Kalsia - Kambay (Cambay) - Kamta Rajaula - Kangra - Kanika - Kanker - Kannur (Cannanore) - Kapurthala - Karauli - Kashtwar - Kathiwara (Kathiwada) - Kathiwada (Kathiwara) - Keonjhar - Keonthal - Khairagarh - Khandpara - Khaniadhana - Kharsawan - Kashmir - Khasi States - Khilchipur - Khirasra - Kishangarh - Koch Bihar (Cooch Behar) - Kochin (Cochin) - Kodagu (Coorg) - Kolaba (Colaba) - Kolhapur - Korea - Kota (Kotah) - Kotda-Sangani - Kothi - Kotkhai - Kozhikode (Calicut) - Kullu - Kumaon - Kumharsain - Kunihar - Kurandvad Junior Branch - Kurandvad Senior Branch - Kurnool - Kurwai - Kushalgarh - Kutlehar - Lakhtar - Lathi - Lawa - Limbdi - Loharu - Lugasi - Lunavada (Lunawada) - Mahisur (Mysore) - Mahlog (Mahilog) - Maihar - Makrai - Maler Kotla - Malia (Maliya) - Malpur - Manavadar (Bantva-Manavadar) - Mandi - Mangal - Manipur - Mansa - Mathwar - Mayurbhanj - Miraj Junior Branch - Miraj Senior Branch - Mohanpur - Morvi - Mudhol - Muhammadgarh - Muli - Nabha - Nagodh - Nagpur - Naigawan-Rebai - Nalagarh - Nandgaon (Raj Nandgaon) - Nargund - Narsinghgarh (Narsingarh) - Narsinghpur - Nawanagar (Navanagar) - Nayagarh - Nayagaon - Nilgiri - Nimrana - Nurpur - Orchha - Pahra - Pal Lahara - Palanpur - Paldeo - Palitana - Pańjab (Punjab) - Panna - Partabgarh - Pataudi - Patdi - Pathari - Patiala - Patna - Peshwa's dominions (Pune) - Phaltan - Piploda - Poonch (Punch) - Porahat - Porbandar - Pudukottai - Radhanpur - Raigarh - Rairakhol - Rajauri (Rajouri) - Rajgarh - Rajkot - Rajpipla - Ramdurg - Ramnad - Rampur - Ranasan - Ranpur - Ratanmal - Ratlam - Rewa (Rewah) - Sachin - Sakti - Sambalpur - Samthar - Sandur - Sangli - Sangri - Sanjeli - Sant - Sardargadh - Sarila - Satara - Savantwadi (Savantvadi) - Savanur - Sayla - Seraikella - Shahpura - Shailana (Sailana) - Siba (Dada-Siba) - Sikkim - Sirmur - Sirohi - Sitamau - Sivaganga - Sohawal - Sonepur (Sonpur) - Suket - Surat -Surgana - Surguja - Talcher - Tanjur (Tanjore) - Taraon - Tehri Garhwal - Tharad - Tharoch - Tigiria - Tiruvidamkodu (Travancore) - Tonk - Tori-Fatehpur - Tripura (Hill Tipperah) - Udaipur (Madhya Pradesh) - Udaipur (Mewar) - Utkala (Khurda, Orissa) - Vadia - Vala (Vallabhipura) - Valasna (Walasna) - Vankaner (Wankaner) - Vijaynagar (Pol) - Virpur - Wadagam (Vadagam) - Wadhwan - Wadi (Vadi) - Wao (Vav, Wai) - Zainabad -

Note
:
The British ruled India with two administrative systems: British Provinces and Indian "princely" states; about 60% of the territory of the Indian sub-continent were provinces and 40% were princely states. Provinces were British territories directly administered by the colonial government of British India. Princely states were states with native rulers which had entered into treaty relations with the British by treaty (in case of the 40 important states, as of 1947) or by short declaration (sanad). 
  Except for some states that were extinguished by the middle of the 19th century (such as Arkat, Assam, Awadh, Jhansi, Kangra, Kannanur, Kodagu, Kozhikode, Kullu, Nagpur, Pańjab, Satara, Surat, Tanjur, Utkala), this record contains those Indian ("princely") states that existed after the end of the East India Company rule in 1858 and acceded to India with effective date on or after 15 Aug 1947. This list is selective, there were roughly 584 states when Britain granted the Indian independence on 15 Aug 1947; about 262 are listed here (not listed are most of the small Gujarat states). Rulers of 118 states (113 in modern India, 4 in Pakistan, plus Sikkim) were entitled to gun salutes. Number of guns indicated rank of the ruler (hereditary number of guns as of 1947 noted below under each state. The states continued after their accession to India until their "integration" (merger into larger provinces/states or in case of 9 states becoming provinces/states on their own) at various dates from Jan 1948 to Jan 1950 (Jammu and Kashmir in 1952). Personal privileges of former rulers were abolished in 1971.
  However, only "states" are included; "estates" (
jagir), "estate revenue grants" (thikana), and "land grants" (zamindari) are excluded, no matter how prominent and/or titled their their jagirdars, thakurs, or zamindars were. It appears though that before 1858 the British did not clearly distinguish between states and estates. An exception is made for eight estates in direct relations with the British as of 1947 that were not part of the British India provinces. Obsolete but once official English-language names  of the polities are given in parentheses, i.e., Awadh (Oudh). The princely states of India entered into protectorate/tributary relations with Britain by the end of the 19th century, where exact dates are known they are noted. The phrase "British India" is used for U.K. colonial possessions even before 1858, for brevity. 
  British (and Indian) local political officers (residents, agents, commissioners) usually were in charge of multiple states, they are recorded under the state where they had their office or under one of largest states. The Residents and Agents to the Governor-General (AGGs) were political officers of the highest rank (almost all of them are recorded in this record), the Political Agents and others (their record is selective) ranked below the Residents and AGGs, and were subordinated to the Residents or AGGs or the provincial governors, representing the Governor-General.


Party abbreviations: ABHM = Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha (All-India Hindu Grand-Assembly, Hindu nationalist, split from INC, est.1915); ABKM = Akhil Bharatiya Kshatriya Mahasabha (All-India Kshatriya Grand-Assembly, royalist, conservative, est.1897); AISPC = All India States People's Conference (social-democratic, association of princely states-based parties, 1927-25 Apr 1948, merged into INC); CPP = Cochin Progressive Party (center-left, pro-responsible government in Cochin, 1938-1948); INC = Indian National Congress Party (populist, social-democratic, pro-independence, est.1885)

Kachari


835 AD                     Legendary foundation of predecessor state Dimasa.
1540                       Capital moved to Maibang.
1757                       Capital moved to Khaspur.
Mar 1819 - Jun 1825        Occupied by Burma.
1832                       Annexed to British India (part of Bengal; from 1874 Assam).

Rajas
1699 - 1708                Tamradhwaj Narayan
1708 - 1710                Chandraprabha (f)
1710 - 1730                Suradarpa Narayan
1730 - 1735                Dharmadhwaj Narayan
                             (Harischandra Narayan)
1735 - 1745                Kirichandra Narayan
1745 - 1757                Gopichandra Narayan
1757 - 1772                Harischandra II
1772 - 1813                Krishnachandra Narayan Hasnusa
1813 - 24 Apr 1830         Gobindchandra Narayan Hasnusa      (d. 1830)
1830 - 1832                Senapoti Tularam Thaosen           (d. 1854)



Kachh (Kutch/Cutch)
 
[Kachh (Kutch)
                          to 1948 (India)]
to 1 Jun 1948
[Kachh (Kutch)
                          Merchant Flag 1921-1947 (India)]
  2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Bhuj
Population: 500,800 (1941)
State Forces/Troops: 1,230 (1939)
Salute: 17 guns

1270                       Kachh (Kutch/Cutch) state founded.
15 Jan 1816                British protectorate, confirmed in 13 Oct 1819 (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jun 1948                Integrated as Kutch province (from 26 Jan 1950 state).
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay.
 1 May 1960                Part of Gujarat.

Rulers (hereditary title to 1918 Mirza Rao; from 1 Jan 1918, Mirza Maharao; personal
title
Maharao; 1740-1918 Mirza Maharao; from 1 Jan 1918,
Maharajadhiraj Mirza Maharao)
1698 - 1715                Pragmalji I                        (b. 16.. - d. 1715)
1715 - 1719                Ghodaji I                          (b. 16.. - d. 1719)
1719 - 1752                Daishalji I                        (d. 1752)
1741 - 1752                Lakhpatji -Regent                  (b. 1717 - d. 1761)
1752 - 1761                Lakhpatji
                         (s.a.)
1761 - 1778                Ghodaji II
                        (b. 1734 - d. 1778)
1778 - 1786                Rayadhanji III (1st time)          (b. 1763 - d. 1813)
1786 - 1801                Prithvirajsinhji                   (b. 17.. - d. 1801)
1786 -  5 Oct 1813         Fath Mohammed -Regent
1801 - 30 Oct 1813         Rayadhanji III (2nd time)          (s.a.)
Oct 1813 - 1814            Husain Miyan -Regent
 6 Nov 1813 - 25 Mar 1819  Bharmalji II                       (b. 1798 - d. 1846)
25 Mar 1819 - 26 Jul 1860  Daishalji II                       (b. 1816 - d. 1860)
25 Mar 1819 - 28 Apr 1820  James MacMurdo -Regent             (b. 1785 - d. 1820)
1825 -  8 Jul 1834         Henry Pottinger
-Regent            (b. 1789 - d. 1856)
26 Jul 1860 -  1 Jan 1876  Pragmalji II                       (b. 1838 - d. 1876)
                             (from 20 May 1871, Sir Pragmalji II Daishalji)
                             (regent from Jul 1859)

 
1 Jan 1876 - 15 Jan 1942  Khengarji III                      (b. 1866 - d. 1942)
                            
(from 30 Jun 1887, Sir Khengarji III)
 1 Jan 1876 - 11 Aug 1884  
Council of Regency
                           [political agent president]
                           - William Chase Parr (1876-1877?)  (b. 1826 - d. 1895)
                           - Lionel Chase Barton (1877-1878)  (b. 1828 - d. 1893)
                           - Henry Nicholas Reeves (1878-1879)(b. 1841 - d. 1889)
                           - James Hayes Sadler (1879-1880)   (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
                           - George Ritso Goodfellow          (b. 1836 - d. 1892)
                              (1880?-Oct 1882)
                           - Augustus Marshall Phillips       (b. 1835 - d. 1907)
                              (Oct 1882-c.1884)
15 Jan 1942 - 26 Feb 1948  Vijayarajji                        (b. 1885 - d. 1948)
                             (from 14 Jun 1945, Sir Vijayarajji)
26 Feb 1948 -  1 Jun 1948  Madansinhji                        (b. 1909 - d. 1991)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1721? - 1741?              Sheth Devkaran                     (d. 1741?)
1741? - 17..               Jivan Sheth  
17.. - 1765                Punja Seth                         (d. 1765)
1777 - 1778                Mir Bijr
1778 - 178.                Devehand                           (d. 178.)
178. - 1783                Sidi Merich
1783 - 1786?               Vagha Parekh
1786                       Dosal Ven (council head)
1786 - 1801                Fateh Muhammad (1st time)          (b. c.1752 - d. 1813)
1801 - 1802                Muhammad Miyan
1802 - 1804                Hansraj
1804 -  5 Oct 1813         Fateh Muhammad (2nd time)          (s.a.)
Oct 1813 - 23 Sep 1814     Ibrahim Miyan                      (d. 1814)
1814 - Jan 1815            Husain Miyan
1815 - 181.                Shivraj
                           + Askaran
1819 - 18..                Lakshmidas Vallabhdas 
18.. - 18..                Nanji Jivraj
18.. - 1860/61             Munshi Biharilal Nathniram
1861 - 1863                Motilal Jivandas
                           + Madhavdas Ramdas
1863 - 1864                Jagjivan Mehta
1864 - 1866                Valabhji Mehta
1866 - 1868                Shahabudin Ibrahim
1868 - 1874?               Bhogilal Pranvalabhdas
1874 - 1875                Laxuman Krishnaji Tulkar
1875 - 1880                Manibhai Jasbhai (1st time)
1880 - 1884                Nandshanker Tuljashankar
1884 - 1885                Manibhai Jasbhai (2nd time)
c.1885 - 1902              Motilal Lalbhai
c.1902 - May 1904          Ranachhodbhai Udayaram
12 May 1904-af.18 Oct 1904 Chunilal Sarabhai
c.1930                     S.S. Dikshit
bf.1935 - 1939             Suryashankar D. Mehta
Dec 1939 - 1941            Tribhuvanrai D. Rana               (b. 1870 - d. 19..)
Sep 1941 - Oct 1943        Wilfred Francis Webb               (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
Oct 1943 - Apr 1944        Satya Vrata Mukherjee              (b. 1887 - d. 19..)
Apr 1944 - 1947            Shankar K. Nayampalli              (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
President of the Executive Council
1947 - 1948                Madansinhji                        (s.a.)

British Political Residents in Cutch (Kutch)
1816 - 28 Apr 1820         James MacMurdo                     (s.a.)
1820 - 1821                James Williams                     (d. 1837)
23 Apr 1821 - 1822         Charles Norris
May 1822 - 1825            Thomas George Gardiner
1825                       Charles Walter (acting)
1825 - 15 Feb 1840         Henry Pottinger                    (s.a.)
Political Agents, Cutch (Kutch)(from 1924 under Agent to the Gov.-General Western States, 1937-44
under Resident Western States, 1944-47 under Resident Baroda and Western States)
15 Feb 1840 - 20 Jan 1841  Peter Melvill Melvill (acting)     (b. 1803 - d. 1895)
1836 - Jan 1841            Arthur Malet (1st time)            (b. 1806 - d. 1888)
Dec 1836 - 1837?           Ward (acting for Malet)
20 Jan 1841 - Apr 1841     A.T. Reid (acting)
Apr 1841 - 1843            Arthur Malet (2nd time)            (s.a.)
Oct 1842 - 1843            James Grant Lumsden (acting)       (b. 1807 - d. 1863)
1843 - 1848/49             Henry Gee Roberts                  (b. 1800 - d. 1860)
1849 - 1851                Thomas Ogilvy
1851                       A.M. Phillips 
1851 - 1852                Stanley Napier Raikes              (b. 1824 - d. 1891)
1851 - 1859                George le Grand Jacob              (b. 1805 - d. 1881)
1854 - 1855                Henry Willoughby Trevelyan         (b. 1803 - d. 1876)
                             (acting for Jacob)
1859 - 1861                Henry Willoughby Trevelyan         (s.a.)
Oct 1861 - 1862?           J. Black
 6 Jan 1862 - 1871         Alexander Young Shortt             (b. 1834 - d. 1903)
28 Mar 1871 - 12 Apr 1872  Samuel Crozier Law (acting)  
19 Jan 1873 - 12 Nov 1874  George Ritso Goodfellow (1st time) (s.a.)
                             (acting)
13 Nov 1874 - 1876         William Chase Parr                 (s.a.)
16 Sep 1876 - 1878         Lionel Chase Barton                (s.a.)
1878 - 1881?               Henry Nicholas Reeves              (s.a.)
                             (acting to Apr 1879)
1879 - 1880                James Hayes Sadler                 (s.a.)
                             (acting for Reeves)
1880 - 189.                George Ritso Goodfellow (2nd time) (s.a.)
1884                       Augustus Marshall Phillips (acting)(s.a.)
1889 - 1893                Frederick Mercer Hunter            (b. 1844 - d. 1898)
1890                       William Arthur Salmon (acting)
Aug 1893 - 1897            Edward Vincent Stace               (s.a.)
Feb 1897 - Mar 1898        Percy Seymour Vesey Fitzgerald 
Mar 1898 - 1900            George Edward Hyde-Cates           (b. 1857 - d. 1931)
Jun 1900 - Oct? 1900       John Willoughby Wray (acting)      (b. 1851 - d. 1924)
Oct 1900 - Jul 1903        Francis William Snell              (b. 1848 - d. 19..)
Jul 1903 - Feb 1904        F
rederick William Wodehouse        (b. 1867 - d. 1961)
Feb 1904 - Dec 1912        Henry Mallaby Abud                 (b. 1858 - d. 1915)
Apr 1909 - bf.May 1910     Harold Fenton Jacob (acting)       (b. 1866 - d. 1936)
Dec 1912 - 1923            Robert Southey Pottinger           (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
23 Nov 1920 - 26 Aug 1921  Edward O'Brien (acting)            (b. 1872 - d. 1965)
Nov 1923 - bf.May 1925     Hugh Harrison                      (b. 1870 - d. 1944)



Kadana

Capital: Kadana Population: 19,790 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1820 - 1943                Part of the Gujarat (to 1944, Rewa Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states (see under Jambughoda).
1889 - 1901                Under British management.
c.1931                     Almost full jurisdictional authority granted by the British.
22 Apr 1943                Annexed to Sant state.

Rulers (title Thakur; from c.1889, Thakur Rana)
1794 - 1838                Bhimsinghji                        (d. 1838)
1838 - 1871                Vakhatsinghji
1871 - 1889                Parbatsinghji                      (b. 1822 - d. 1889)
12 Apr 1889 - 1942         Chhatrasalji                       (b. 1879 - d. 1942)


Kalahandi

[Kalahandi state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Bhawanipatna Population: 597,940 (1941)
State Troops:  None (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1005                       Traditional date for founding of Kalahandi.
1853                       Annexed to the British India as part of Nagpur as an estate
                             (zamindari), also known as Karond to 1867.
 4 Sep 1867                Status of state conferred by British authorities.
1882 - 24 Jan 1894         British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1693 - 1721                Jugasai Deo III
1721 - 1747                Khadag Rai Deo
1747 - 1771                Raisingh Deo III
1771 - 1796                Purusottam Deo
1796 - 1831                Jugasai Deo IV
1831 - 1853                Fateh Narayan Deo
1853 -  7 Apr 1881         Udit Pratap Deo                    (b. 1839? - d. 1881)
 7 Apr 1881 - 20 Oct 1897  Raghu Kesari Deo                   (b. 1871 - d. 1897)
 7 Apr 1881 - 1882         Rani Asha Kumari (f) -Regent
20 Oct 1897 - 1926         Brij Mohan Deo                     (b. 1896 - d. 1939)

20 Oct 1897 - 1921         Regency
Maharajas

1926 - 19 Sep 1939         Brij Mohan Deo                     (s.a.)
19 Sep 1939 -  1 Jan 1948  Pratap Kishor Deo                  (b. 1919 - d. 2001)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1901/16                  Rai Bahadur Panda Baijnath
c.1921/39                  Binodebehari Mahanti
c.1943/45                  Umacharan Das
c.1946                     Phakir Charan Mahanti


Kalat: see Pakistani Princely States


Kalsia

Capital: Chhachrauli Population: 67,393 (1941)
State Troops: 80 (1939)
Salute: None

1763                       Kalsia state founded.
1809                       British protectorate
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab).

Rulers (title Sardar)
1763 - 1785                Gur Bakhsh Singh                    (d. 1785)
1785 - 1818                Jodh Singh                          (b. 1751 - d. 1818)
1818 - 14 Feb 1858         Sobha Singh                         (d. 1858)
1858 - 19 Feb 1869         Lahna Singh                         (d. 1869)
1869 - 10 Jul 1883         Bishen Singh                        (b. 1854 - d. 1883)
1883 - 1886                Jagjit Singh                        (b. 1880 - d. 1886)
28 Aug 1886 - 1908         Ranjit Singh                        (b. 1881 - d. 1908)
25 Jul 1908 - 1916         Ravisher Singh                      (b. 1902 - d. 1947)
25 Jul 1908 - 19..         Council of Regency
Rajas

1916 -  4 Jan 1947         Ravisher Singh                      (s.a.)
 4 Jan 1947 - 15 Jul 1948  Karansher Singh                     (b. 1933 - d. 1961)
c.1947                     Sir Yadavindra Singh -Regent        (b. 1913 - d. 1974)
                             (ruler of Patiala)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     Sardar Ranbir Singh



Kambay (Cambay)
 
[Kambay (Cambay)
                          to 1948 (India)]
to 10 Jun 1948
[Kambay
                          (Cambay) Merchant Flag 1921-1947 (India)]
2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Kambay
(Cambay)
Population: 96,592 (1941)
State Troops: 130 (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1730                       Kambay (Cambay) state founded.
1803                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1730 - 1743                Ja`far Nizam-e Sani Mu´min Khan I  (d. 1743)
1743 - 1783                Muftakher Nur ad-Din Mohammad      (d. 1783)
                            
Mu´min Khan II

1783 - 1789                Mohammad Qoli Khan                 (d. 1789)
1789 - 28 Oct 1823         Fath `Ali Khan                     (d. 1823)
1823 - 15 Mar 1841         Banda `Ali Khan                    (d. 1841)
1841 - 25 Apr 1880         Hosayn Yawar Khan I                (d. 1880)
25 Apr 1880 - 21 Jan 1915  Najib ad-Dowla Mumtaz al-Molk      (b. 1848 - d. 1915) 
                             Ja`far `Ali Khan
21 Jan 1915 - 10 Jun 1948  Nizam ad-Dowla Najm ad-Dowla       (b. 1911 - d. af.1963)
                             Mumtaz al-Molk Hosayn Yawar 
                             Khan II
21 Jan 1915 - 13 Dec 1930  the Dewans -Regent

Dewans (chief ministers)
1915 - 1918                K.R. Bomanji
22 Apr 1918 - 10 Jun 1929  Vinayak Krishna Namjoshi           (b. 1878 – d. 19..)
1929 - Jul 1931            Atmaram Keshav Kulkarni
                             (administrator to 13 Dec 1930)
c.1931                     M.S. Moulvi (administrator)
c.1936                     D.N. Mehta
bf.1939 - af.1941          Vasantrao Yadavrao Kashalkar
1942 - af.1945             S.P. Mushran
c.1946                     Y.A. Faruki



Kamta Rajaula
 
Capital: Rajaula Population: 1,411 (1941)
State Troops: None
(1939)
Salute: None

1812                        Kamta estate (jagir) becomes Kamta Rajaula state; British
                              protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                 Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                 Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (transferred to Uttar Pradesh
                              26 Jan 1950).

Rulers (title Rao)
1812 - 23 Oct 1874         Gopal Lal                          (d. 1874)
23 Oct 1874 - Dec 1891     Bharat Prashad                     (b. 1847 - d. 1891)
 1 Jan 1892 - 27 Oct 1928  Ram Prashad                        (b. 1870 - d. 1928)
27 Oct 1928 - 1946         Radha Kishan                       (b. 1891 - d. 19..)
1946 -  4 Apr 1948         Rajiv Nandan Prasad                (b. 1920 - d. 19..)



Kangra

[Kangra c.1775-1810
                        (India)]
c.1775 - 1810

4300 BC                    Kangra state founded in legendary antiquity (also called
                             Bhim Kot, Nagar-Kot, Susarmapura,
Katoch, Jalandhara
                             and Trigarta).

11th cent. AD              First modern recorded mention of the state.
24 Aug 1809                Kangra Fort occupied by the Sikhs.
1810                       State extinguished and annexed by
Pańjab (Punjab)(dynasty
                             granted the jagir of Lambagraon) by Treaty of Jawalamukhi
                             of 20 Jul 1809
.
 
9 Mar 1846                Annexed to British India (part of Punjab; from 15 Apr 1948,
                             Himachal Pradesh).

Rajas
1697 - 1700                Alam Chandra II                    (b. 16.. - d. 1700)
1700 - 1747                Hamir Chandra                      (d. 1747)
1747 - 1750                Abhay Chandra
1750 - 1751                Ghamhir Chandra                    (d. 1751)
1751                       Shringar Chandra
1751 - 1774                Ghamand Chandra                    (d. 1774)
1774 - 1775                Tegh Chandra                       (b. c.1745 - d. 1775)
1775 - 1810                Sansar Chandra II                  (b. 1765 - d. 1823)



Kanika

726 AD                     Kanika state founded according to tradition.
c.1200                     Likely founding era.
Nov 1803                   British protectorate.
Oct
1817                   State reduced to an estate (zamindari)(part of Bengal;
                             1912-1936 Bihar and Orissa; from 1936 Orissa).

Rajas
.... - ....                Gopinath Bhanj III
.... - ....                Dasarathi Bhanj
.... - ....                Gopal Bhanj II
1777 - 1812                Balbhadra Bhanj Deo                (b. 1758 - d. 1812)
                             (British prisoner Jul 1805 - 1807)
1803 - 1805                Rani Jayi Rajaguru (f) -Regent     (d. 1806)
1812 - Oct 1817            Jagannath Bhanj                    (d. 1819)



Kanker

[Kanker to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kanker Population: 149,471
(1941)

State Troops: None
(1939)
Salute: None

106 AD                     Kanker state founded according to tradition.
af.1425                    Capital moved to Kanker.
1809 - 1818                Occupied by Nagpur.
1818                       Status of estate (zamindari) within Nagpur confirmed.
1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate.
11 Jan 1866                Status of state conferred by British authorities.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Maharajadhiraj)
.... - 1729                Ghoor Sai Deo                      (d. 1729) 
1729 - 1775                Harpal Deo                         (d. 1775)
1775 - ....                Dhiraj Singh Deo
.... - ....                Ram Raj Singh Deo
.... - 1802                Shyam Singh Deo
1802 - 1809                Bhup Deo (1st time)                (d. 1839) 
1809 - 1818                occupied by Nagpur
1818 - 1839                Bhup Deo (2nd time)                (s.a.) 
1839 - 1853                Padma Deo                          (d. 1853)
 5 Dec 1853 - May 1903     Narhar Deo                         (b. 1850 - d. 1903)
 9 May 1903 -  8 Jan 1925  Lal Kamal Deo                      (b. 1873 - d. 1925)
 8 Jan 1925 -  1 Jan 1948  Bhanupratap Deo                    (b. 1922 - d. 1969)
1925 - 1944                Superintendents (regents)
                           - Raghubir Prasad (c.1930-1936)
                           - Ramanuj Prasad (c.1939-1940)



Kannur (Cannanore)


[Kannur
                          (Cannanore) 18th cent. (India)]
18th cent.
[Kannur
                          (Cannanore) to 1819 (India)]
to 1819

1545                       Kannur (Sultanate of Lakshadweep and Cannanore, later sometimes
                             called Arakkal kingdom) state founded.

 
8 Jan 1784                British protectorate (disavowed by Bombay government, but recognized
                             as a temporary measure on 12 Feb 1784).

17 Dec 1790 - 1792         Occupied by British India.
18 Dec 1790                Minicoy surrendered to British India.
18 Mar 1792                Southern (Laccadive) islands are ceded to British East India Co.
                             by the Treaty of Seringapatam (occupied in 1791).
18 Mar 1792 - 30 Oct 1796  Laccadive Islands and Kannur annexed to British India
.
1799                       Amindivi Islands annexed to British India. The former rulers continues
                             to enjoy nominal suzerainty over the islands until 6 Feb 1909
                             (retroactive to 1 Jul 1905).
1819                       Kannur annexed to British India
(part of Madras).

Rulers (title Ali Raja)
1691 - 1704                Ali II Adi
1704 - 1720                Kunhi Amsa I Adee
1720 - 1728                Mohammed Ali IV Adi
1728 - 1732                Rani Harrabichi Kadavube
                             Adi Bibi (f)
-Ali Raja Bibi
1732 - 1745                Rani Junumabe I Adi
                            Bibi (f)
-Ali Raja Bibi
1745 - 1777                Kunhi Amsa II Adee
Ruler (title Ali Raja Bibi)
1777 - 1819                Rani Junumabe II Adi Bibi
(f)



Kapurthala

[Kapurthala to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kapurthala Population: 378,380 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
540 (1939)
Salute: 13 guns

1780                       Kapurthala state founded.
25 Apr 1809                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab).

Rulers (title Sardar)
1780 - 20 Oct 1783         Jassa Singh                        (b. 1718 - d. 1783)
20 Oct 1783 - 10 Jul 1801  Bagh Singh                         (b. 1748 - d. 1801)
10 Jul 1801 - 20 Oct 1836  Fateh Singh                        (b. 1784 - d. 1836)
Rajas
20 Oct 1836 - 13 Sep 1852  Nihal Singh                        (b. 1817 - d. 1852)

13 Sep 1852 - 12 Mar 1861  Randhir Singh                      (b. 1831 - d. 1870)
Rulers (title Raja-i Rajgan)
12 Mar 1861 -  2 Apr 1870  Randhir Singh                      (s.a.)
                             (from 10 Dec 1864, Sir Randhir Singh)
 2 Apr 1870 -  5 Sep 1877  Kharak Singh                       (b. 1849 - d. 1877)

May 1874 - Apr 1875        Council (for insane Kharak)
                           - Gulam Gelani
                           - Diwan Ram Jas
                           - Diwan Baijnath
 5 Sep 1877 - 12 Dec 1911  Jagatjit Singh                     (b. 1872 - d. 1949)

                             (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Jagatjit Singh)
 5 Sep 1877 - 24 Nov 1890  Regency (Superintendents)
                           - Henry Lepel Griffin              (b. 1838 - d. 1908)
                             (
Apr 1875 - Apr 1877)
                           - Charles Montgomery Rivaz         (b. 1845 - d. 1926)
                             (
Apr 1877 - Nov 1885)
                           - William Mackworth Young (acting) (b. 1840 - d. 1924)
                             (
Feb 1878 - Oct 1879)
                           - Frederick W.R. Fryer (acting)    (b. 1845 - d. 1922)
                             (
May 1883 - 1883)
                           - Alexander Frederick Douglas      (b. 1852 - d. 1935)
                               Cunningham (acting)

                             (Feb 1884 - bf.Dec 1884)
                           - George Campbell Napier (acting)  (b. 1845 - d. 1914)
                             (Apr 1885 - 1885)
                           - Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson     (b. 1847 - d. 1908)
 
                            (Nov 1885 - Aug 1886)
                           - Charles Francis Massy            (b. 1845 - d. 1915)
                             (
Aug 1886 - 1890)
Maharaja

12 Dec 1911 - 15 Jul 1948  Sir Jagatjit Singh                 (s.a.)

Chief ministers
Apr 1905 - 1910           Baghwan Das (dewan)
1910 - 1915                L. French
1915 - c.1934             
Khan Bahadur Abdul Hamid
Jan 1935 - 1937            Gerald Thomas Fisher               (b. 1887 - d. 1965)
1937 – 1939                Sir John Coldstream                (b. 1877 – d. 1954)
Apr 1939 - Nov 1939        Tikka Raja Paramjit Singh
c.1939/40                  Lala Pindi Das Sabherwal
c.1941/42                  Mian Abdul Aziz
bf.1944 - 1945             Sir Abdul Hamid                    (b. 1881 - d. 19..)
1945 - af.1947             Lakhpat Rai Sikund



Karauli

[Karauli to 1948? (India)]

Capital: Karauli Population: 152,413 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
430 (1939)
Salute: 17 guns

c.900 AD                   Karauli state founded.
 
9 Nov 1817                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
18 Mar 1948                Merged into Matsya (from 15 May 1949, Rajasthan).

Maharajas
1688 - 1724                Kunwar Pal II
1724 - 1757                Gopal Singh                        (d. 1757)
1757 - 24 Oct 1772         Tursam Pal                         (d. 1772)
1772 - 1804                Manik Pal
1804 - 1805                Amola Pal                          (d. 1805)
1805 - 1837                Herbaksh Pal                       (b. c.1792 - d. 1837)
1837 - 1849                Pratap Pal                         (d. 1849)
1849 - 10 Jul 1852         Narsingh Pal                       (d. 1852)
 
4 Sep 1852 - 14 Mar 1854  Bharat Pal
14 Mar 1854 - 16 Aug 1869  Madan Pal                          (b. 1830 - d. 1869)
                            
(from 12 Feb 1866, Sir Madan Pal)
1869 (weeks)               Lakshman Pal

1869 - 1871                Thakur Vrishbhan Singh Tanwar -Regent
Jan 1871 - 17 Nov 1875     Jaisingh Pal                       (b. 1839 - d. 1875)

Jan 1876 - 14 Aug 1886     Arjun Pal II                       (b. 1822 - d. 1886)

14 Aug 1886 -  3 Aug 1927  Bhanwar Pal                        (b. 1864 - d. 1927)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1894, Sir Bhanwar Pal)
 3 Aug 1927 -  6 Apr 1947  Bhom Pal                           (b. 1866 - d. 1947)

                            
(from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Bhom Pal)
 6 Apr 1947 - 18 Mar 1948  Ganesh Pal
                        (b. 1906 - d. 1984)

Dewans (chief ministers)
.... - ....                Ballu Ram
.... - ....                Pardhan Sita Ram
.... - 18..                Thakur Brighbhan Singh
18.. - 1889                Bihari Singh                       (d. 1889)
                             (from Jan 1882, council chairman)
c.1896/97                  Kunwar Sujan Pal
.... - Nov 1902            Chaudhri Nirpat Singh              (d. 1902)
1903 - 15 Apr 1906         Kanwar Dhian Pal Singh
                             (chief member of council)
Apr 1906 - 28 Jul 1908     Munshi Balmokand Dass              (d. 1908)
                             (chief member of council)
14 Aug 1908 - 30 Mar 1914  Bahadur Munshi Damodar Lal

30 Mar 1914 - af.Aug 1918  Rao Bahadur Munshi Harnam Das
                             (chief member of council)
1921 - 1930                P
andit Shankar Nath
                             (chief member of council)
c.1933 - 25 Jun 1938       Pandit Shiv Kumar Chaturvedi
      (d. 1938)
                             (chief member of council)
 1 Oct 1938 - 1942         Brij Chand Sharma
1942 - 194.                Iswar Narain Kichlu
c.1946                     Trilokinath Sharma


Karen states: see Shan and Karen states of Burma

Karnataka: see Arkat

Kashmir: see Jammu and Kashmir under India

Kashtwar

c.765 AD                   Kashtwar state founded according to tradition.
1786 - 1786                Occupied by Chamba.
1820                       Annexed by Pańjab (Punjab).

Rajas
1681 - 1728                Kirat Singh                        (d. 1728)
1728 - 1771                Amluk Singh                        (d. 1771)
1771 - 1786                Mihr Singh                         (d. 1786)
1786                       Mian Kundan Singh
                             (appointed by Chamba) 

1786 - 1787                Sujan Singh                        (d. 1787)
1787 - 1788                Prithi Singh                       (d. 1788)
1787 - 1789                Lal Dev (in opposition)
1788 - 1789                Inayatallah Singh

1789  (40 days)            Gulab Singh 
1789 - 1820                Muhammed Tegh Singh                (d. 1823)
                             "Saifullah Khan" 



Kathiwara (Kathiwada)

Capital: Kathiwara
(Kathiwada)
Population: 6,689 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1818                     British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Thakur)
.... - 1865                Zorawar Sinh                       (d. 1865)
1865 - 1903                Bahadur Sinh                       (b. 1839 - d. 19..)
 8 Jun 1903 - 28 May 1948  Onkar Sinh                         (b. 1891 - d. 1969)



Kawardha

[Kawardha to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kawardha Population: 77,284 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1751                       Kawardha state founded.
1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate
                             (zamindari).
27 Jun 1866                Status of state conferred by British authorities.
1884 - 1894                British India administration.     
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950, Madhya Pradesh).
 1 Nov 2000                Part of Chhattisgarh.

Rulers (title Thakur)
1751 - 1801                Mahabali Singh 
1801 - 1848                Ujiyar Singh
1848 - 1852                Tok Singh
c.1860                     Baijnath Singh
186. - 1863                Ram Singh                          (d. 1863)

1863 - 1864                Bahadur Singh                      (d. 1864)
1864 -  1 Dec 1891         Rajpal Singh                       (b. 1849 - d. 1891)
1884 - 1894                Superintendents  
 1 Dec 1891 - 1920         Jadunath Singh (= Kritpal Singh)   (b. 1886 - d. 1920)

 4 Feb 1920 -  1 Jan 1948  Lal Dharamraj Singh                (b. 1910 - d. 1959)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1911 - 1914                Munshi Abdul Haq
c.1941                     Rao Sahib Ragho Raj Singh
bf.1944 - af.1946          Mohammad Akbar



Keonjhar

[Keonjhar to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Keonjhargarh Population: 529,786 (1941)
State Troops: 130 (1939)
Salute: None

11..                       Keonjhar state founded.
1804                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
16 Jun 1891 - 1899?        Under British India administration.
Apr 1907 -
1928            Under British India administration.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1688 - 1700                Jagannath Bhanj
1700 - 1719                Raghunath Bhanj
1719 - 1736                Gopinath Bhanj
1736 - 1757                Narsingh Narayan Bhanj
1757 - 1758                Daneswar Narayan Bhanj
1758 - 1762                Jagateswar Narayan Bhanj
1762 - 1794                Pratap Balbhadra Bhanj
1794 - 1825                Janardan Bhanj
1825 - 22 Mar 1861         Gadadhar Narayan Bhanj Deo         (d. 1861)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 1858)
 4 Sep 1861 - 27 Oct 1905  Dhanurjai Narayan Bhanj Deo        (b. 1849 - d. 1907)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 1 Jan 1877)
                             (ruling powers suspended 16 Jun 1891-1899?)

16 Jun 1891 - 1899?        Government agents       
27 Oct 1905 - 12 Aug 1926  Gopinath Narayan Bhanj Deo         (b. 1883 - d. 1926)

                            
(resigned authority from Apr 1907)
27 Oct 1905 - 12 Aug 1926  State Superintendents
                           -
David Atkinson McMillan
          (d. 1918)
                               (to 19 Sep 1918)
                           - Rai Sahib Baikunth Nath Das
                               (19 Sep 1918 - 8 Jan 1919)
                           - J.H. Price (8 Jan 1919 - 1928)
12 Aug 1926 -  1 Jan 1948  Balbhadra Narayan Bhanj Deo        (b. 1905 - d. c.1970)
12 Aug 1926 - 1928        
J.H. Price -State Superintendent

Government Agents at Keonjhar (administrators)
16 Jun 1891 - 1892         H.P. Wylly (1st time) 
1892 -  4 Aug 1893         Nanda Kishore Das
1893 - 1894                H.P. Wylly (2nd time) 
1894 - 1895                R.T. Dundas
1895 - 1899?               Durgadas Mukherjee
Dewans
and (from c.1944) Chief ministers

18.. - 1891                Fakir Mohan Senapati
1891 - Jun? 1891           Bichitranand Das
1891 - ....                Durgadas Mukherjee
1907 - 1928                David Atkinson McMillan            (s.a.)
1928 - 1938                ....
1938 - af.1942             Bhabadev Sarkar                    (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
1944 - 194.                J.W. Woodhousie
c.1946                     Lal Dongar Singh



Keonthal

Capital: Junga Population: 51,645 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

765 AD                     Traditional founding date of predecessor state.
bf.1800                    Keonthal state founded.

1803 - 1814                Occupied by Nepal.
 6 Sep 1815                Possession confirmed, the British protectorate.
1830                       Ceded Simla to the British India.  
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh (including its feudatory sub-states
                             of Ghund, Koti, Madhan, Ratesh and Theog).

Rulers (title Rana)
.... - ....                Bhup Sen
1801 - 1803                Raghunath Sen (1st time)           (d. 1831)
1803 - 1814                occupied by Nepal
1814 - 1831                Raghunath Sen (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1831 - 24 Jul 1858         Sansar Sen                         (d. 1862)
Rajas
24 Jul 1858 - 1862         Sansar Sen                         (s.a.)
1862 - 1882                Mahendra Sen                       (b. 1827 - d. 1882)
23 Aug 1882 - 18 Mar 1901  Balbir Sen                         (b. 1852 - d. 1901)
1898 - 18 Mar 1901         Mian Durga Singh -Manager
18 Mar 1901 -  2 Feb 1916  Bije Sen                           (b. 1877 - d. 1916)

 2 Feb 1916 - 1940         Hemendra Sen                       (b. 1905 - d. 1940)
 2 Feb 1916 -  3 Mar 1926  Rai Sahib Mian Amar Singh -Regent
1940 - 15 Apr 1948         Hitendra Sen                       (b. 1925 - d. 2002)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
c.1930/33                  Kumar Mohan Singhji
c.1933/35                  Jugal Kishore Tripathy
c.1935/39                  Kanwar Shiv Singh
Apr 1947 - Aug 1947        A. Isar

British Political Agents for the Punjab Hill States (in Simla; as of 1947, in charge of
the Punjab Hill
statesą; under the Resident for the Punjab States [see under Patiala])
Oct 1936 - Oct 1939?       Robert Richardson Burnett          (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
30 Oct 1939 - Oct 1941     Wilfred Francis Webb               (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
Oct 1941 - Nov 1941        Francis Fenwick Pearson            (b. 1911 - d. 1991)
23 Nov 1941 - 1942         William le Belward Egerton         (b. 1901 - d. 1947)
 1 Nov 1942 - 1944         Reginald George Evelin William     (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
                             Alban
Sep 1944 - Sep? 1945       John Evelyn Arnold Bazalgette      (b. 1907 - d. 1992)
                             (1st time)
 5 Sep 1945 - Mar 1946?    Leonard George Coke-Wallis         (b. 1900 - d. 1974)
Mar 1946 - Apr 1946        Dudley Hugh Biscoe                 (b. 1909 - d. 1990)
Apr 1946 - 1947            John Evelyn Arnold Bazalgette      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

 ąPunjab Hill states as of 1947: Baghal, Baghat, Balsan, Bashahr, Bhajji, Bija, Bilaspur, Darkoti, Dhami, Jubbal, Kalsia, Keonthal, Kumharsain, Kunihar, Kuthar, Mahlog, Mangal, Nalagarh, Sangri, Sirmur, Suket, and Tharoch.



Khairagarh

[Khairagarh to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Khairagarh Population: 173,713 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1833                       Khairagarh estate (zamindari) founded.
1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate.
 
4 Jan 1866                Status of state conferred by British authorities,
                             confirmed in 1898.
1874 - 1883                British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (26 Jan 1950 - 1 Nov 2000
                             Madhya Pradesh; from 1 Nov 2000 Chhattisgarh).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1833 - 1874                Fateh Singh
1874 - 19 Feb 1891         Umrao Singh                        (d. 1891)
                             (personal style Raja from 1887)
19 Feb 1891 - 1896         Kamal Narayan Singh                (b. 1867 - d. 1908)
Rajas
1896 -  7 Oct 1908         Kamal Narayan Singh                (s.a.)
                             (personal style Raja to 1898, then made hereditary)
 8 Oct 1908 - 22 Oct 1918  Lal Bahadur Singh                  (b. 1889 - d. 1918)
 8 Oct 1908 - 13 Dec 1912  Rai Sahib Sunder Lall
                             (superintendent)
22 Oct 1918 -  1 Jan 1948  Birendra Bahadur Singh             (b. 1914 - d. 1998)

Dewans and (from c.1945) Chief ministers
c.1939                     M.G. Ghooi
c.1941                     J.N. Mahant
bf.1944 - af.1946          Abdul Ghaffar Khan



Khandpara

[Khandpara to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Khandparagarh Population: 87,341 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1599                     Khandpara state founded.
1803                       British protectorate (then spelled ChundaParra).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1675 - 1709                Narayan Singh Mangraj 
1709 - 1723                Balunkeshwar Singh Mangraj 
1723 - 1732                Banamali Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar
                             Rai 
1734 - 1770                Bairagi Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar
                             Rai 
1770 - 1794                Niladri Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar
                             Rai 
1794 - 1815                Narasimha Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar
                             Rai 
1815 - 1821                Purushottam Mardraj Bhramarbar Rai 
1821 - 1842                Krishna Chandra Singh Bhramarbar Rai
1842 - 1867                Kunja Bihari Singh Bhramarbar Rai
28 Feb 1867 - 1905         Natobar Mardraj Bhramarbar Rai     (b. 1837 - d. 1905)
 
3 Sep 1905 - 26 Dec 1922  Ram Chandra Singh Mardraj
                             Bhramarbar Rai
26 Dec 1922 -  1 Jan 1948  Harihar Singh Deo Mardraj          (b. 1914 - d. 1977)
                             Bhramarbar Rai 



Khaniadhana

Capital: Khaniadhana Population: 20,124 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1863                       British recognize an Khaniadhana estate (jagir), in the former
                             Jhansi state, as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (transferred to Madhya Bharat

                             26 Jan 1950
; from 1 Nov 1956 Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Rao)
1863 - 1869                Guman Singh                        (d. 1869)
1869 - 1909                Chhatar Singh                      (b. 1863 - d. 1909)
                             (from 1877, personal style Raja)
1909 - 1938                Khalak Singh                       (b. 1892 - d. af.1938)

                             (
from 1911, personal style Raja)
1938 -  4 Apr 1948         Devendra Pratap Singh              (b. 1912 - d. 19..)
                             (personal style Raja)


Kharan: see Pakistani Princely States


Kharsawan

[Kharsawan to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kharsawangarh Population: 50,580 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1650                     Kharsawan estate (zamindari) founded.
1819                       British protectorate, remains the estate.
31 May 1860                Kharsawan estate
recognized as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Feb 1948                Merged into Orissa (transferred to Bihar 18 May 1948).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1844 - 1863                Gangaram Singh Deo                 (b. 1836 - d. 18..)
                             (personal style Raja from 1860)
1863 - 18..                Ram Narain Singh
bf.1877 -  2 Mar 1884      Raghunath Singh Deo                (b. 1841 - d. 1884)
 2 Mar 1884 -  6 Feb 1902  Mahendra Narayan Singh Deo         (b. 1869 - d. 1902)
 6 Feb 1902 - 1917         Siram Chandra Singh Deo            (b. 1892 - d. 19..)
 6 Feb 1902 - 1907         Babu Jugal Kishore -Manager
c.1911                     Babu Himangshu Nath Chakrabatti -Manager
Raja

1917 -  1 Feb 1948         Siram Chandra Singh Deo            (s.a.)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     Satyendra Nath Sen Gupta           (b. 1895 - d. 19..)



Khasi States


[Federation of the
                          Khasi States to 1950 (India)]
Flag of Federation of Khasi States

Capital: Shillong Population: 213,586
(1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1829/1841                  Khasi states (eventually 25 statesą) under British protection.
1853                       Shillong, premier state of Khasi, divided into Khyrim and Mylliem.
1863                       Ceded site of Shillong to the British.
22 Aug 1946                Federation of the Khasi States established.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India (some of states acceded as late as 19 Mar 1948).
17 Aug 1948                Conditional treaty on merger into Assam.
25 Jan 1950                Khasi states merged into Assam.

Rulers of Shillong (title Syiem)
1809 - 1833                Bor Manik                          (d. 183.)
1833 - 1842                Sain Manik
1842 - 1853                Sing Manik                         (d. 1859)
                           + Hajar Singh
Rulers of Khyrim (title Syiem)
1853 - 1859                Sing Manik                         (s.a.)
1859 - 1871                Rabon Singh
1871 - 1903                Klur Singh                         (b. 1843 - d. 1903)
1903 - 1919                Dakhor Singh                       (b. 1874 - d. 1919)
1920 - 1950                Olim Singh                         (b. 1903 - d. 1978)         
                             (from 1946, also president of Federation of the Khasi States)

British Agents to the Governor-General on the North-East Frontier
(in Guwahati)
1828 - 1874               the commissioners of Assam
Indian Dominion Agents for Khasi States

(subordinated to the governors of Assam)
c.1948                    G.P. Jarman
c.1949                    N.N. Phukan

  ąthe Khasi states as of 1947: Bhawal, Cherra (Sohra), Dwara, Jirang, Khyrim, Langrin, Lyngiong, Maharam, Malai Sohmat, Marriw, Mawdon, Mawiang, Mawlong, Masynram, Mawphlang, Mylliem, Nobosohphoh, Nongkhlaw, Nonglwai, Nongspung, Nongstoin, Pamsanngut, Rambrai, Shella, and Sohiong.


Khayrpur: see Pakistani Princely States


Khilchipur

[Khilchipur to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Khilchipur Population: 48,642 (1941)
State Troops: 100 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1544                       Khilchipur state founded.
1819                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Dewan)
1679 - 1715                Anup Singh
1718 - 1738                Fateh Singh
1738 - 1770                ....
1770 - 1787                Abhai Singh
1787 - 1795?               Dip Singh
1795 - 1819                Durjan Sal                         (d. 1819)
1819                       Balwant Singh
1819 - 1868                Shir Singh                         (b. 1814 - d. 1868)
27 Nov 1868 - Apr 1873     Amar Singh                         (b. 1834 - d. 1899)
Rulers (title Rao Bahadur)
Apr 1873 - 28 Mar 1899     Amar Singh                         (s.a.)
1899 - 18 Jan 1908         Bhawani Singh
19 Jan 1908 - 1928         Durjan Sal Singh                   (b. 1897 - d. 1942)
19 Jan 1908 - 19..         .... -Regent
Rajas

1928 - 1942                Durjan Sal Singh                   (s.a.)
                             (from 1937, Sir Durjan Sal Singh)
1942 - 28 May 1948         Yashodar Singh                     (b. 1918 - d. 1961)

Dewan (chief minister)
1882 - 
9 Nov 1894         Rao Bahadur Thakur Jowan Singh     (d. 1894)
                             (superintendent)
29 Dec 1894 - c.1899       Ram Krishna Panth
... - 1931                 Mohammed Aziz ur Rahman Khan
 1 Mar 1931
- af.1939      Indar Singh



Khirasra

Capital: Khirasra Population: 5,893 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

....                       Khirasra state founded by a scion of Dhrol.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Jasdan).
1943 - 15 Aug 1947         Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to
                            
Nawanagar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
c.1760                     Bhimji Kaloji [1st ruler]
17.. - 17..                Sangaji Bhimji 
c.1794                     Ranmalji Sangaji 
c.1808                     Hathiji Ranmalji 
18.. - 18..                Dungarji Hathiji 
18.. - 1872                Jijibhai Dungarji 
 1 Jan 1872 - 1905         Raisinhji Jijibhai                (b. 1850 - d. 19..)
20 Feb 1905 - 1920         Balsinhji Raisinhji               (b. 1871 - d. 19..)
24 Feb 1920 - 15 Feb 1948  Sursinhji Balsinhji               (b. 1890 - d. 19..)


Khuda-Dad: see Mahisur
Khurda (Khurdha): see Utkala (Orissa)


Kishangarh

[Kishangarh to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Kishangarh Population: 104,127 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
160 (1939)
Salute: 15 guns

1611                       Kishangarh state founded.
26 Mar 1818                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan.

Maharajas
Jun 1658 - Oct 1706        Man Singh                          (b. 1655 - d. 1706)
Oct 1706 - Apr 1748        Raj Singh                          (b. 1674 - d. 1748)
1748 - 1781                Bahadur Singh                      (b. 1711 - d. 1781)
1748 - 21 Aug 1765         Samant Singh                       (b. 1699 - d. 1765)
                            (in opposition to 1756; from 1756 raja of Roopnagar)
21 Aug 1765 - 16 May 1768  Sardar Singh                       (b. 1730 - d. 1768)
                            (raja of Roopnagar; regent for Samant 1756-65)
1781 - 22 Nov 1788         Birad Singh                        (b. 1737 - d. 1788)
22 Nov 1788 -  5 Mar 1798  Pratap Singh                       (b. 1763 - d. 1798)
 5 Mar 1798 - 22 May 1839  Kalyan Singh                       (b. 1794 - d. 1839)
22 May 1839 - 31 Aug 1841  Mohkam Singh                       (b. 1817 - d. 1841)
31 Aug 1841 - 25 Dec 1879  Prithvi Singh                      (b. 1837 - d. 1879)
25 Dec 1879 - 18 Aug 1900  Sardul Singh                       (b. 1858 - d. 1900)
                             (from 1 Jan 1892, Sir Sardul Singh)
18 Aug 1900 - 25 Sep 1926  Madan Singh                        (b. 1884 - d. 1926)

                             (from 1 Jan 1909, Sir Madan Singh)
18 Aug 1900 - 1903        
Henry Venn Cobb -Regent            (b. 1864 - d. 1949)
Apr 1903 - 1905
            Thomas Caldwell Pears -Regent      (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
1905 - 11 Dec 1905         Charles Herbert -Regent
25 Sep 1926 -  3 Feb 1939  Yagya Narayan Singh                (b. 1896 - d. 1939)

 3 Feb 1939 - 25 Mar 1948  Sumar Singh                        (b. 1929 - d. 1971)
 3 Feb 1939 -  5 Jun 1947  Regency
                          
[chief members of State Council of Administration]
                           - Lala Kesari Singh (1 Jul 1939-1942)
                           - Lakhpat Rai Sikund (1942-1945)
                           - Maharaj Lal Singh (1945-1947)    (b. 1897 - d. 1988)

Chief members of the Council
c.1930                     Lala Ram Chandra Gupta
c.
1938                     Pancholi Kesari Singh



Koch Bihar (Cooch Behar)

[Koch Bihar (Cooch Behar)
                kingdom to 1949 (India)]

Map of Koch Behar Capital: Koch Bihar
(Cooch Behar)
(Kamatapur 1515-1693)

Population: 639,898
(1941)
State Troops:
150 (1939)
Constitution:
Cooch Behar
Government Act
 (5 Oct 1948)
Salute: 13 guns

1250                       Kamata state founded.
1510                       Koch dynasty gives its name to the state.
1711 - 1738                Under Mughal suzerainty.
12 Aug 1765                Under British India suzerainty.
1770 - 1774                Under Bhutanese
suzerainty.
 5 Apr 1773                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accession to India.
12 Sep 1949                Cooch Behar province of India (from 1 Jan 1950 part of West Bengal).

Rajas
1693 - 1714                Rup Narayan                        (d. 1714)
1714 - 1763                Upendra Narayana                   (d. 1763)
1763 - 12 Aug 1765         Debendra Narayana                  (b. 1757 - d. 1765)
1763 - 12 Aug 1765         Rani Lal Bai (f) -Regent
1765 - 1770                Dhairjendra Narayan (1st time)     (d. 1783)

1770 - 1772                Rajendra I  Narayan                (d. 1772)
1770 - 1772                Pensuthma -Bhutanese Regent
1772                       Dharendra Narayan (1st time)       (d. 1775)
1772 - 1774                Bijendra Narayan                   (d. 1774)
1774 - 1775                Dharendra Narayan (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1775 -  3 Dec 1783         Dhairjendra Narayan (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1783 - 29 May 1839         Harendra Narayan                   (b. 1780 - d. 1839)
1783 - 1789                Rani Kamteswari (f) -Regent
Aug 1789 - 1801            Regency by British Commissioners
1836 - 1839                Bajendra Narayan -Regent (1st time)(d. 1857)

1837 - 1839                Shivendra Narayan -Co-regent       (b. 1796 - d. 1847)
29 May 1839 - 23 Aug 1847  Shivendra Narayan                  (s.a.)

23 Aug 1847 -  6 Aug 1863  Narendra Narayan                   (b. 1841 - d. 1863)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 1862)
30 Mar 1847 - 1857
         Bajendra Narayan -Regent (2nd time)(s.a.)
1857 - 1860               
Regents
                           - Maharani Vrisundeshwari (f)

                           - Maharani Kameshwari (f)          (d. 1889)
 6 Aug 1863 - 16 Oct 1884  Nripendra Narayan                  (b. 1862 - d. 1911)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 25 Feb 1880)
 6 Aug 1863 -  8 Nov 1883  Regents
                           -
Maharani Kameswari (f)           (s.a.)
                           -
Maharani Vrisundeshwari (f)
                           -
Maharani Nistarini Deo (f)
Maharajas

16 Oct 1884 - 18 Sep 1911  Nripendra Narayan                  (s.a.)
                            
(from 23 Feb 1888, Sir Nripendra Narayan)
18 Sep 1911 -  1 Sep 1913  Rajendra II Narayan                (b. 1882 - d. 1913)
18 Sep 1911 -  1 Sep 1913  Maharani Siniti Devi (f) -Regent   (b. 1864 - d. 1932)
 1 Sep 1913 - 20 Dec 1922  Jitendra Narayan                   (b. 1886 - d. 1922)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1917, Sir Jitendra Narayan)
20 Dec 1922 - 12 Sep 1949  Jagaddipendra Narayan              (b. 1915 - d. 1970)

                             (from 14 Aug 1947, Sir
Jagaddipendra Narayan)
20 Dec 1922 - 
6 Apr 1936  Maharani Indira Devi               (b. 1892 - d. 1968)
                             Sahiba (f) -Regent
                             (president of the Council of State)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1714 - 1738                Satyanarayan
1738 - 1765                Kumar Kharganarayan
1765 - 1770                Ram Narayan
1770                       Hareswar Karjee
1770 - 17..                Surendra Narayan
17.. - 1785?               Kamar Surendra Narayan
c.1789                     Kashi Kanta Lahiri
1791 - 1793                Joy Gopal Singh
1796 - 1797                Shyam Chandra Chatterjee
1797 - 1801                Padma Mochun
1801 - 1802                Kasinath Lahiri                    (d. 1802)
1802 - 1803                Guru Prasad Rai (1st time)
1803 - 1804                Radha Krishna Lahiri (1st time)
1804 - 1806                Joy Gopal Singh                    (d. 1806)
1806 - 1808                Choa Lal Sarkar                    (d. 1808)
1808 - 1811                Radha Krishna Lahiri (2nd time)
1811 - 1816                Guru Prasad Rai (2nd time)
1816 - 1825                Radha Krishna Lahiri (3rd time)
1825 - 1829                Kalichandra Lahiri (1st time)
1829 - 1842                Ramchandra Lahiri
1842 - 1844                Kalichandra Lahiri (2nd time)
1844 - c.1851              Kali Krishna Lahiri                (d. 1851)
c.1864 - Dec 1868          Babu Nil Kamal Sanyal              (d. 1868)
Aug 1869 -  1 Nov 1911     Rai Calica Dass Dutt Bahadur       (b. 1841 - d. 19..)

Nov 1911 -  9 Jan 1915     Babu Priya Nath Ghosh              (d. 1915)
11 Jan 1915 - Jan 1920     Narendra Nath Sen                  (b. 1843 - d. 19..)
Vice-Presidents of the Council of State (chief ministers)
 3 Mar 1920 -  8 Nov 1923  Henry Joseph Twynam                (b. 1887 - d. 1966)
 8 Nov 1923 - Nov 1926     Charles Terence Chichele Plowden   (b. 1883 - d. 1956)
20 Nov 1926 - 31 Mar 1931  William Gordon Hutchinson          (b. 1876 - d. 1940)
31 Mar 1931 - 13 Mar 1934  Kenmure Alick Garth Evans-Gordon   (b. 1885 - d. 1960)
13 Mar 1934 - 18 Mar 1936  John Aloysius Brett                (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
19 Mar 1936 - 16 Nov 1936  John Dawson Tyson                  (b. 1893 - d. 1976)
Nov 1936 - 21 Nov 1939     Leonard George Coke-Wallis         (b. 1900 - d. 1974)
Chief ministers
1939 - 1940                Karali Charan Ganguli (acting)
1940 - 1944                R. Subbiah Naidu 
1944 - 1947                Sardar D.K. Sen                    (b. 1897 – d. 19..)
1947 - 1949                Himmat Singh K. Maheshwari

British Commissioners of Cooch Behar (Kuch Bahar)
10 Mar 1789 - 10 Aug 1789  W.T.V. Short
Aug 1789 - 1791            Henry Douglas
                             (arrived Jan/Feb 1790)
1791 - 1795                Charles Andrew Bruce
Oct 1795 - 1797            William Towers Smith               (b. 1768 - d. 1826)
1797 - 1801                Richard Ahmuty
1801 - 1803                Post abolished
Jan 1803 -  1 Aug 1804     Francis Pierard
 1 Aug 1804 - Feb 1805     Post abolished
18 Feb 1805 - 25 Jun 1805  John French
1805 - 1813                Post abolished
Collectors of Rangpur (controllers of the state)
1803 - 1807                Archibald Montgomerie
1807 - 1809                James Morgan
1809 - 1813                John Digby

British Commissioners
of Cooch Behar (Kuch Bahar)
1813 - Nov 1816            Norman Macleod
11 Nov 1816 - 1831         David Scott                        (b. 1786 - d. 1831)
1831 - 1834                Thomas Campbell Robertson          (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
1834 - Jan 1861            Francis Jenkins                    (b. 1793 - d. 1866)
1861 - 1864                Henry Hopkinson                    (b. 1820 - d. 1899)
Feb 1864 - Jun 1865       
John Colpoys Haughton (1st time)   (b. 1817 - d. 1887)
Jun 1865 - 1865            Herbert Bruce (acting)
1865 - Dec 1866            William Agnew (acting)
Dec 1866 - Feb 1873       
John Colpoys Haughton (2nd time)   (s.a.)
Feb 1873 - 1873            H.C. Richardson (acting)
1873 -  1 Mar 1874         Charles Theophilus Metcalfe (acting)
 1 Mar 1874 - 1875        
Sir William James Herschel         (b. 1833 - d. 1917)
1875 -
1876                Francis Richard Cockerell          (b. 1829 - d. 1887)
1876 - Oct 1883           
Henry Ulick Browne, Marquess       (b. 1831 - d. 1913)
                             of Silgo
Superintendents
Dec 1883 -  1 Nov 1891     A
lexander Evans Gordon             (b. 1845 - d. 19..)
 1 Nov 1894 -  4 Dec 1891  Rai Calica Dass Dutt Bahadur       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 
4 Dec 1891 -  1 Apr 1896  Edmond Elliot Lowis                (b. 1836 - d. 1918)
 1 Apr 1896 - 1899         David Robert Lyall                 (b. 1842 - d. 1917)
 4 Apr 1899 - 1903         John Russell
Colquhoun Colvin      (b. 1858 - d. 1935)
Nov 1903 - 22 Apr 1908     Egbert Laurie Lucas Hammond        (b. 1873 - d. 1939)
22 Apr 1908 - 22 Apr 1913 
Arthur William Dentith             (b. 1874 - d. 1957)
                           + B. Ghose
1913 -  1 Jun 1916         Edward Woodfield Collin
            (b. 1855 - d. 1944)
 1 Jul 1916 -  3 Mar 1920  James Aitchison Milligan           (b. 1879 - d. 19..)



Kochin (Cochin)
 
[Kochin
                          (Cochin) c.1890-1947 (India)]
c.1890 - 1947 State Flag
[Kochin (Cochin)
                          1947-1949 (India)]
1947 - 1 Jul 1949 State Flag
[Cochin
                          (Kochin) Merchant flag 1924-1947 (India)]
10 Oct 1924 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Map of Kochin Capital: Ernakulam
(
Royal capitals:
Mattancherry to
c.1840; from c.1755 Thripunithura;
16th cent. Thrissur)
Population: 1,422,875 (1941) State Troops:
  460 (1939)
Constitution:
Government of
Cochin Act
(17 Jun 1938)
Salute: 17 guns

Late middle ages           Perumpadappu (Kochin) state founded.
.... - 1503                Vassal of Calicut (Kozhikode).

1503 -  6 Jan 1663         Portuguese protectorate;
occupation of Fort Kochi (Fort Manuel).
 
6 Jan 1663                Portuguese ceded Kochin (Fort Cochin) to the Dutch
                             (transferred to the British in 13 Aug 1814 by treaty).
 6 Jan 1663 - 20 Oct 1795  Dutch protectorate.

1773 - 18 Mar 1792         Tributary to Mahisur (Mysore).
18 Mar 1792                British protectorate (confirmed 6 May 1809 by treaty).
20 Oct 1795                British occupy Fort Kochi (razed in 1806).

15 Aug 1947                Accession to India.
 1 Jul 1949                Merged into United State of Travancore and Cochin (from 1 Nov
                             1956,
Kerala).

Rulers (title Maharaja Gangadhara Koviladhi Karikal)
Nov 1697 - 1701            Ramavarma V                        (d. 1701)
1701 - Oct 1721            Ramavarma VI                       (d. 1721)
1721 - 1731                Ravivarma III                      (d. 1731)
1731 - Jan 1746            Ramavarma VI                       (d. 1746)
1746 - 14 Jan 1749         Keralavarma I                      (d. 1749)
1749 - Aug 1760            Ramavarma VII                      (d. 1760)
Aug 1760 - Sep 1775        Keralavarma II                     (d. 1775)
Sep 1775 - 16 Aug 1790     Ramavarma VIII                     (d. 1790)
Aug 1790 - 26 Sep 1805     Ramavarma IX "Saktan Tampuran"     (b. 1751 - d. 1805)
Sep 1805 - Jan 1809        Ramavarma X                        (d. 1809)
Jan 1809 -  4 Aug 1828     Keralavarma III "Virulam Tampuran" (d. 1828)
Aug 1828 - Nov 1837        Ramavarma XI                       (d. 1837)
Nov 1837 - Jun 1844        Ramavarma XII                      (d. 1844)
Jun 1844 - Jul 1851        Ramavarma XIII                     (d. 1851)
Jul 1851 - Feb 1853        Keralavarma IV                     (d. 1853)
16 May 1853 - 11 Feb 1864  Ravivarma IV                       (d. 1864)
1856 - 1858                Gangadhara Lakshmi(f) -Regent
28 Mar 1864 -  2 Aug 1888  Ramavarma XIV                      (b. 1835 - d. 1888)
                             (from 2 Jun 1869, Sir Ramavarma XIV)
1888 - 12 Sep 1895         Sir Keralavarma V                  (b. 1846 - d. 1895)

23 Oct 1895 -  7 Dec 1914  Ramavarma XV                       (b. 1852 - d. 1932)

                             (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Ramavarma XV)
 
7 Dec 1914 - 25 Mar 1932  Ramavarma XVI                      (b. 1858 - d. 1932)
                             (from 3 Jun 1918, Sir Ramavarma XVI)
25 Mar 1932 - 23 May 1941  Ramavarma XVII                     (b. 1861 - d. 1941)

                             (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir
Ramavarma XVII)
23 May 1941 - 13 Oct 1943  Keralavarma VI                     (b. 1863 - d. 1943)

                             (from 2 Jun 1943, Sir Keralavarma VI)
21 Dec 1943 -  1 Feb 1946  Ravivarma V                        (b. 1865 - d. 1946)

 1 Feb 1946 -  8 Jul 1948  Keralavarma VII                    (b. 1870 - d. 1948)
 8 Jul 1948 -  1 Jul 1949  Ramavarma XVIII                    (b. 1876 - d. 1964)       

Dewans (chief ministers)
1663 - 1684                Komi Achan
1684 - ....                Ittinnan Achan
.... - 1725                Ittinikumaran Achan
1725 - 1754                Idikkela Menon                     (d. 1754)
1756 - 1779                Paliath Komi Achan                 (d. 1779)

1779 - ....                Govinda Menon
.... - 1809                Rama Menon
1809 - Jun 1812            Kunjikrishna Menon

Jun 1812 - 1818            Sir John Munro                     (b. 1778 - d. 1858)
Feb 1818 – Apr 1825        Nanjappaya                         (d. 1825)
Apr 1825 – Apr 1830        Seshagiri Raya
1830 - Oct 1834            Edamana Shankara Menon
Oct 1834 – 22 Jan 1840     Venkata Subbaraya
22 Jan 1840 - 23 Oct 1856  Thottakattu Sankara Variyar        (b. 1798 - d. 1856)
                             (Warrier)  

1856 - Apr 1860            Venkata Rayar (Rao)
1860 - 22 Aug 1879         Thottakattu Sankunni Menon         (b. 1820 - d. 1881)
1879 - Sep 1889            Thottakattu Govinda Menon          (b. 1823 - d. ....)
1890 - Nov 1892            C. Thiruvenkatacharya              (d. 1893)
Nov 1892 - Dec 1896        Subramnya Pillai
Dec 1896 - Aug 1901        Perungavur Rajagopalachari         (b. 1862 - d. 1927)
Aug 1901 - Sep 1902        S. Locke (1st time)(acting)
Sep 1902 - 20 Mar 1907     Nemali Pattabhirama Rao Pantulu    (b. 1862 - d. 1937)
20 Mar 1907 - 15 May 1907  S. Locke (2nd time)(acting)
15 May 1907 -  2 May 1914  Albion Rajkumar Banerjee           (b. 1871 - d. 1950)

 2 May 1914 -  3 Mar 1919  Joseph William Bhore               (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
 3 Mar 1919 - 13 Apr 1922  Thiruvalayangudi                   (b. 1875 - d. 1953)
                             Vijayaraghavacharya

13 Apr 1922 - 1925         P. Narayana Menon
1925 - 1930                Tarakat Subramania Narayana Iyer   (b. 1898 - d. 19..)
1930 - 1935                Charles Gordon Herbert             (b. 1893 – d. 1970)

Mar 1935 - Jun 1941        Sir Ramasamy Chetty Kandasamy      (b. 1892 - d. 1953) 
                             Shanmukham Chetty
Jun 1941 - Oct 1941        Komattil Achyutha Menon
Oct 1941 - Nov 1943        Arthur Frederic William Dixon      (b. 1892 – d. 1948)
Nov 1943 - Aug 1944        Sir George Townsend Boag           (b. 1884 - d. 1969)
Aug 1944 -  1 Sep 1947     Cherubala Pathayapura Karunakara   (b. 1891 - d. 1976)
                             Menon 

Prime ministers

 
1 Sep 1947 - 22 Oct 1947  Panampilly Govinda Menon           (b. 1908 - d. 1970)  AISPC
22 Oct 1947 - 19 Sep 1948  Tozhur Krishnana "T.K." Nair       (b. 1896 - d. 1971)  CPP
                             (acting to 27 Oct 1947)
20 Sep 1948 - 30 Jun 1949  E. Ikkanda Warrier                 (b. 1890 - d. 1977)  INC 



Kodagu (Coorg)

Middle Ages                Kodagu (Coorg) state in the southern Dekkan founded.
1780 - 1788                Occupied by Mahisur (Mysore).
26 Oct 1790                British protectorate.
11 Apr 1834                State extinguished, annexed to British India (as Coorg province).

Rajas
1687 - 1736                Dodda Virappa                      (b. 1657 - d. 1736)
1736 - 1766                Cikka Virappa                      (d. 1766)
1766 - 1770                Muddu II                           (b. 1700 - d. 1770)
                           - jointly with -
1766 - 1770                Muddaya                            (d. 1770)
1770 - 1774                Devappa                            (d. 1774)
1774 - 1780                Lingaraja I                        (b. c.1710 - d. 1780)
1780 -  9 Jun 1809         Virarajendra I Udaiyar             (b. 1763 - d. 1809)
 9 Jun 1809 - 1811         Devammaji (f) -Rani                (b. 1799 - d. 1833)
1809 - 1811               
Lingaraja -Regent                  (b. 1775 - d. 1820) 
1811 - 1820                Lingaraja II Udaiyar               (s.a.)
1820 - 11 Apr 1834         Cikka Virarajendra II Udaiyar      (b. 1800 - d. 1863)


Kolaba (Colaba)

[Kolaba (Colaba)
                        Possible Flag to 1840 (India)]
Possible Flag to 8 Apr 1840

1698                       Kolaba (Colaba) estate (jagir?) established by a Mahratta
                             admiral
.
1698 - 1818                Tributary to Satara (except 1713-1766 during opposition to Peshwa).
16 Aug 1822                British protectorate, recognized as a state.
 8 Apr 1840                Annexed to British India (part of Bombay)(confirmed 18 Apr 1843).

Rulers (title Sarkhel)
1698 -  4 Jul 1729         Kanhoji I Angria                   (b. 1669 - d. 1729)
1729 - 1733                Sakhoji Angria                     (d. 1733)
1733 - 1759                Manaji I Angria                    (d. 1759)
                             [jointly with the following two]
1740 - 1748                Sambhaji Angria                    (d. 1748)
1748 - 1755                Tulaji Angria                      (d. 1786)
1759 - 1793                Raghoji I Angria                   (d. 1793)
1793 - 1799                Manaji II Angria (1st time)        (d. 1817)
1793 - 1799                Jaysingh Angria -Regent
1793 - 1796                Rani Anandibai (f)                 (d. 1796)
                             (regent in opposition to Jaysingh)
1799 - 1814                Kasibai Angria (f)
1814 - 1817                Manaji II Angria (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1817 - 26 Dec 1838         Raghoji II Angria                  (b. 1803 - d. 1838)
1817 - c.1825              Vinayak Parshuram Bivalkar -Regent
                             (1st time)
 6 Feb 1839 -  8 Apr 1840  Kanhoji II Angria                  (b. 1839 - d. 1840)
 6 Feb 1839 -  8 Apr 1840  Regents
                           - Vinayak Parshuram Bivalkar
                              (2nd time)
                           - Kamlabai (f)                     (d. 1852)

British Residents at Fort Victoria (Bankot)
1814 - 1817                James Joseph Sparrow               (b. 1781 - d. 1829)
1817 - 1821                John Hinde Pelly                   (b. 1786 - d. 1852)
29 Dec 1839 - 6 Feb 1840   Courtenay



Kolhapur

[Kolhapur 1731-1949
                        (India)]
1731 - 1 Mar 1949

Map of Kolhapur Population: 1,092,000 (1941) Government of Kolhapur
Act
(30 Jan 1942)

Salute: 19 guns
Capital: Kolhapur Anthem
"Jai Bhawani"
------------------------------
State Forces: 815 (1945)
Ethnic groups: Marathi 80%, Kannada 15%, other 5% (1931)
Religions: Hindu 88%,
Muslim 5%, Jain 5%,
other 2% (1941)

1710                       Former ruler Shivaji II of Satara founds Kolhapur state, in
                             opposition to Satara.

26 Apr 1731                Dispute with Satara settled, the ruler of Kolhapur becomes a
                             subordinated ruler to Satara.
 1 Oct 1812                British protectorate (by treaty).
13 Jun 1817                Recognized as a separate state by the British-Mahratta treaty.
15 Aug 1947                Accession to India.

Mar 1948 – Feb 1949        Administered by India.
 
1 Mar 1949                Merged into Bombay (
from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Raja Chhatrapati)
1710 -  2 Aug 1714         Shivaji I                          (b. 1696 - d. 1726)
                             (ruler of Satara 1700-1707)   

1710 -  2 Aug 1714         Tarabai Sahib Bhonsle (f) -Regent  (b. 1675 - d. 1761)
 2 Aug 1714 - 20 Dec 1760  Shambhuji II                       (b. 1698 - d. 1760)

20 Dec 1760 - 17 Feb 1773  Jijibai Sahib Bhonsle (f) -Regent  (b. 1716 - d. 1773)
22 Sep 1762 - 24 Apr 1813  Shivaji II                         (b. 1756 - d. 1813)
17 Feb 1773 - 18 Jul 1779  Durgabai Maharaj (f) -Regent       (d. 1779)
24 Apr 1813 -  2 Jul 1821  Shambhuji III "Appa Sahib"         (b. 1801 - d. 1821)
 2 Jul 1821 -  3 Jan 1822  Shivaji III                        (b. 1816 - d. 1822)
 2 Jul 1821 -  3 Jan 1822  
Shahaji "Buwasaheb" -Regent        (b. 1802 - d. 1838)
 3 Jan 1822 - 29 Nov 1838  Shahaji I "Baba Sahib"             (s.a.)
29 Nov 1838 -  4 Aug 1866  Shivaji IV                         (b. 1830 - d. 1866)
29 Nov 1838 - 1845         Rani Saibai II (f) -Regent         (d. 1861)
 4 Aug 1866 - 30 Nov 1870  Rajaram I Nagaji Rao               (b. 1850 - d. 1870)

186. -  9 May 1867         Ramrao Tadpatri -Regent            (d. 1867)
                             (State Administrator)
30 Nov 1870 - 12 Oct 1871  Rani Tarabai Bhonsle (f) -Regent   (b. 1855 - d. 1874)

12 Oct 1871 - 25 Dec 1883  Shivaji V Chhatrapati Narayana Rao (b. 1863 - d. 1883)

                             (from 1 Jan 1877, Sir Shivaji V Chhatrapati Narayana Rao)
                             (personal style Maharaja)

18 Jun 1882 - 25 Dec 1883  Jaisinhrao Ghatge -Regent          (d. 1886)
                             (1st time)
25 Dec 1883 - 17 Mar 1884  Rani Anandbai Sahib (f) -Regent

17 Mar 1884 - 23 May 1900  Shahaji II Chhatrapati Jashwant    (b. 1874 - d. 1922)
                             Rao "Baba Sahib" 
                             (from 1 Jan 1895, Sir Shahaji II Chhatrapati Jashwant Rao)
17 Mar 1884 - 20 Mar 1886  Jaisinhrao Ghatge
-Regent          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

Maharajas

23 May 1900 -  6 May 1922  Sir Shahaji II Chhatrapati Jashwant(s.a.)
                             Rao "Baba Sahib"
 6 May 1922 - 26 Nov 1940  Rajaram II Chhatrapati             (b. 1897 - d. 1940)

                             (from 3 Jun 1924, Sir Rajaram II Chhatrapati)
26 Nov 1940 - 13 Jul 1942  Regency (the prime ministers)
13 Jul 1942 - 18 Nov 1942  Tarabai Sahib Chhatrapati (f)      (b. 1904 - d. 19..)
                             (regent) (1st time)   

18 Nov 1942 - 28 Sep 1946  Shivaji VI Chhatrapati             (b. 1941 - d. 1946)
22 Nov 1942 - 31 Mar 1947  Tarabai Sahib Chhatrapati (f)      (s.a.)
                             (regent) (2nd time) 

31 Mar 1947 -  1 Mar 1949  Sir Shahaji III Chhatrapati        (b. 1910 - d. 1983)
                             (= Maharaja Vikramasimha Rao Puar of Dewas [Senior Branch])

Dewans (chief ministers)
1772 - 1782                Yashvantrav Shinde
 
5 Jun 1783 – 1809         Ratnakarpant Rajadnya              (d. 1819)
1809 - 1813?               Rayajirao Japtanmulk
                           + Haibatrao Gaikwad
1813 – 1815/6              Haibatrao Gaikwad
1813 - 1821                Bhau Maharaj

1822 - 18..                Narayanrao Pandit Rajadnya         (d. 1835)
                             (1st time)
182. – 1826                Anantshastri Shrialkar             (d. 1826)
1826 - 182.                Krishnarao Jadhav Garde
1829 - 1830                Narayanrao Pandit Rajadnya         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1830 - 1842                Ramrao Desai
1842 – Jan 1843            Dinkarrao Gaikwad
31 Jan 1843 – Mar 1844     Ramchandrarao Rajadnya
Mar 1844 - 1845            Daji Krishnarao                    (d. 1854)
                             (= Daji Krishna Pandit)
1845 – 1849                Douglas Graham (1st time)          (d. 1853)
1849 - 1852                Anderson (acting)
1852 - 1853                Douglas Graham
(2nd time)          (s.a.)
1853 - 1856                George Malcolm
28 Oct 1856 - 1857         Thomas Maughan                     (b. 1805 - d. 1861)
14 Aug 1857 - 31 Mar 1858  George Le Grand Jacob              (b. 1805 - d. 1881)
                             (special commissioner Kolhapur)
1858 - 1859                A.D. Robertson
1859 - May 1861            William Henry Havelock             (b. 1826 - d. 1876)
                             (political agent)
1861 – Aug 1866            the ruler
1866 - Dec 1874            George Sligo Alexander Anderson    (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
State Administrators
 9 Jun 1870 - 1884         Maahadev Vasudev Barve
                             (= Madhavrao Barve)

Mar 1886 - Jun 1890        William Lee Warner                 (b. 1846 - d. 1914)
                             (president council of administration)
Jul 1890 -  2 Apr 1894     Khansaheb Meheraji Taraporwala
                             (president council of administration)
1885 - 1898                Meherjibhoy Kuverji Taraporewalla

                            
(acting for Barve 1883-1884)
 
5 Sep 1898 -  2
Jan 1926  Raghunath Vyankaji Sabnis          (b. 1857 - d. 1948)
Oct 1925 - 12 Mar 1931     Anna Babaji Latthe                 (b. 1878 - d. 1950)
                             (acting to 2 Jan 1926)
 
7 Jun 1930 - 15 Oct 1930  Dadasaheb Appasaheb Surve          (b. 1903 – d. 19..)
                             (acting for Latthe)
16 Oct 1930 - 28 Mar 1931  Dattajirao Madhavrao Bhosle        (b. 1903 – d. 19..)
                             (acting [for Latthe to 12 Mar 1931])
Prime ministers
29 Mar 1931 – Oct 1941     Dadasaheb Appasaheb Surve          (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
1932 - 1933                Dattajirao Madhavrao Bhosle
                             (acting for Surve)
Oct 1941 - Mar 1944        Edward William Perry              
(b. 1891 - d. 1971)
Mar 1944 - Apr 1944       
P.C. Patil
Apr 1944 - Apr 1946        Alfred Norval Mitchell             (b. 1906 - d. 1988)
Apr 1946 - 1947            Sir Thomas Austin                  (b. 1887 - d. 1976)

 1 Jun 1947 - Nov 1947     Dadasaheb Appasaheb Surve          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Nov 1947 – Mar 1948        Vasantrao Bagal                                         AISPC
Indian Administrator
Mar 1948 – Feb 1949        Venkatasubramani Nanjappa          (b. 1911 - d. 19..)

British Residents at Kolhapur and Political Agents for Southern Mahratta Country
(with the status of a Political Agent)
1911 - Apr 1922            Frederick William Wodehouse        (b. 1867 - d. 1961)
Apr 1922 - Feb 1923        Lionel Edward Lang (acting)        (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
Feb 1923 - Oct 1925        Robert Southey Pottinger           (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
Oct 1925 - Jan 1928        Edward O'Brien                     (b. 1872 - d. 1965)
Jan 1928 - Oct 1932        Lionel Edward Lang                 (s.a.)
Oct 1932 -  1 Apr 1933     Herbert Milner Wightwick           (b. 1885 - d. 1942)
Agents to the Governor-General (from 1 Apr 1937, Residents) for Kolhapur and
Deccan States Agency
(in Kolhapur)(as of 1947, in charge of the Deccan statesą)
 1 Apr 1933 - 26 Oct 1934  Harold Wilberforce-Bell            (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
27 Oct 1934 - 11 Nov 1934  Alexander Alfred Russell           (b. 1898 - d. 1967)
12 Nov 1934 - 16 Aug 1935  John Creery Tate                   (b. 1884 - d. 1942)
17 Aug 1935 - 30 May 1936  John de la Hay Gordon (acting)     (b. 1887 - d. 1959)
31 May 1936 -  6 Jun 1936  Kenneth Chalmers Packman (acting)  (b. 1899 - d. 1969)
 7 Jun 1936 - 16 Oct 1937  Kenmure Alick Garth Evans-Gordon   (b. 1885 - d. 1960)
                             (1st time) (acting)
17 Oct 1937 - 1938         George Patterson Murphy            (b. 1883 - d. 1938)
16 Jun 1938 - 1940         Kenmure Alick Garth Evans-Gordon   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 7 Mar 1940 - 1942         Philip Gaisford                    (b. 1891 - d. 1973)
23 Oct 1942 - 1944         Cosmo Grant Niven Edwards          (b. 1896 - d. 1964)
Sep 1944 - 1945            Joseph Herbert Thompson            (b. 1898 - d. 1984)
23 Mar 1945 - 1947         Cecil Walter Lewery Harvey         (b. 1897 - d. 1958)
1947                       Basil Woods-Ballard                (b. 1900 - d. 1980)
Indian Regional Commissioner for Kolhapur and the Deccan States (in Kolhapur)
c.1948                     ....

 ąthe Deccan states as of 1947: Akalkot, Aundh, Bhor, Jamkhandi, Janjira, Jath, Kolhapur, Kurundwad Junior, Kurundwad Senior, Miraj Junior, Miraj Senior, Mudhol, Phaltan, Ramdurg, Sangli, Savanur, and Sawantwadi, as well as the immediate Wadi estate.



Korea (Koriya)

[Korea
                          (Koriya) state flag 1924-1948 (India)]
1924 - 1 Jan 1948 State Flag
[Korea (Koriya)
                          state royal flag to 1948 (India)]
Royal Flag 1924 - 1 Jan 1948
Capital: Baikunthpur Population: 126,874 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

16..                       Korea (Koriya) state founded.
24 Dec 1819                Ceded by Nagpur, the British protectorate (transferred already
                             in 1818), remains an estate.
 9 Feb 1876                Korea estate (zamindari) becomes a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (26 Jan 1950 - 1 Nov 2000
                             Madhya Pradesh; from 1 Nov 2000 Chhattisgarh).

Rajas
.... - ....                Jit Rai Deo
.... - ....                Sagar Sahi Deo
.... - ....                Afhar Sahi Deo
.... - ....                Jahan Sahi Deo
.... - ....                Sawal Sahi Deo
.... - ....                Gajraj Singh Deo
1795 - Jun 1828            Gharib Singh Deo                   (b. 1745 - d. 1828)
Jun 1828 - 1864            Amole Singh Deo                    (b. 1785 - d. 1864)
 4 Apr 1864 - 1897         Pran Singh Deo                     (b. 1857/59 - d. 1897)
1897 - 18 Nov 1909         Sheo Mangal Singh Deo              (b. 1874 - d. 1909)
18 Nov 1909 -  1 Jan 1948  Ramanuj Pratap Singh Deo           (b. 1901 - d. 1954)
18 Nov 1909 - Jan 1925     Superintendents
                           - Pandit Gore Lall Pathak (1909-c.1911)
                           - Pandit Gangadin Shukul (c.1915)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1939                     A.N. Aindley
bf.1944 - af.1946          Sohan Lal Srivastava


Kot Kapura: see Faridkot


Kota (Kotah)

[Kotah bf.1877-1948
                        (India)]
bf.1877 - 25 Mar 1948

Capital: Kota Population: 777,398 (1941)
State Forces/Troops: 1,110 (1939)
Salute: 17 guns

1631                       Kota state secedes from Bundi.
18 Jun 1707 -  8 Sep 1713  Re-united with Bundi.
25 Dec 1817                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan.

Rulers (title Maharao)
Apr 1696 - 18 Jun 1707     Ram Singh I                        (b. 16.. - d. 1707)
18 Jun 1707 -  8 Sep 1713  interregnum
 8 Sep 1713
 - 19 Jun 1720  Bhim Singh I                       (b. 1682 - d. 1720)
19 Jun 1720 - Oct 1723     Arjun Singh                        (d. 1723)
Oct 1723 -  1 Aug 1756     Durjan Sal                         (d. 1756)
1756 - Mar 1758            Ajit Singh                         (b. bf.1676 - d. 1758)
Mar 1758 - 17 Dec 1764     Chhatar Sal Singh I                (b. bf.1718 - d. 1764)
17 Dec 1764 - 17 Jan 1771  Guman Singh                        (b. 1724 - d. 1771)
17 Jan 1771 - 19 Nov 1819  Umaid Singh I                      (b. 1761 - d. 1819)
19 Nov 1819 - 20 Jul 1828  Kishor Singh II                    (b. c.1781 - d. 1828)
20 Jul 1828 - 27 Mar 1866  Ram Singh II                       (b. 1808 - d. 1866)
27 Mar 1866 - 11 Jun 1889  Chhatar Sal Singh II               (b. 1837 - d. 1889)
11 Jun 1889 - 27 Dec 1940  Umaid Singh II                     (b. 1873 - d. 1940)
                             (from 23 May 1900, Sir Umaid Singh II)
11 Jun 1889 -  5 Dec 1896  Raghunath Das
Chaube -Regent
27 Dec 1940 - 25 Mar 1948  Bhim Singh II                      (b. 1909 - d. 1991)
                             (from 14 Aug 1947, Sir
Bhim Singh II)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1897 - c.1923            Chaube Rhagunath Das
Senior Member of the State Council (Mahakma Khas)

c.1923 - c.1933            Pandit Bishambar Nath
c.1936 - 1940              Onkar Singh                        (b. 1872 - d. 1951)
                             (from 1939, Sir Onkar Singh)
Prime ministers
1940 - 1941                Sir Onkar Singh                    (s.a.)
1941 - 1942                Sir Harilal Nemchand Gosalia       (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
Jul 1942 – 1943            Shreenath Mehta                    (b. 1904 - d. 19..)
Dec 1943 - 1945            Kunj Beharilal Seth                (b. 1895 - d. 19..)
c.1946                     Brij Chand Sharma



Kotda-Sangani

Capital: Kotda-Sangani Population: 12,160 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1807/08 - 1948             Kotda-Sangani part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Jasdan).
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to Gondal.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).


Rulers (title Thakor)
1699 - 1727?               Tejoji
1727 - 1755                Jasaji
1755
- 1812                Hothiji                            (d. 1812)
1812 - 1825                Bhojrajji                          (d. 1825)
1825 - 1838                Bamaniaji
1838 - 1840                Sabloji
1840 - 1862                Meroji
1862 - 1878                Tajoji                             (d. 1878)
23 Nov 1878 - 1913         Mulvaji                            (b. 1872 - d. 1913)
1913 - 1930                Himatsinhji                        (b. 1892 - d. 19..)
1930 - 15 Feb 1948         Pradyumnasinhji                    (b. 1920 - d. 1980)

Karbhari (state managers)
c.1894 - 1896              Umiashankar Jivanram
bf.Apr 1909 - 17 Nov 1919  Laxmishankar Dullabaji Sawadia
18 Nov 1919 - c.1921       Nahanalal Himatram Dave
c.1939                     Meruji Dussaji Chudasama
Dewan (chief minister)
c.1941                     J.H. Buch   



Kothi

Capital: Kothi Population: 24,776 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

17 Aug 1810                British recognize Kothi estate (jagir) of Panna as state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Rais; from 1878, Raja Bahadur)
1810 - 18..                Lal Duniyapat Singh
18.. - 1862                Lal Andhut Singh                   (d. 1862)
1862 - 1887                Ran Bahadur Singh                  (b. 1829 - d. 1887)
1887 - 1895                Bhagwat Bahadur Singh              (b. 1852 - d. 1895)
1895 - 1914                Avadhendra Bahadur Singh           (d. 1914)
1914 - 1935                Sitaram Pratap Singh               (b. 1892 - d. 1935)
1935 -  4 Apr 1948         Kaushalendra Pratap Singh          (b. 1912 - d. 19..)



Kotkhai (Kot Khai)

.... - 182.                Tributary to Pańjab (Punjab).
Sep 1827 - Jan 1828        British India administration.
Jan 1828                   Annexed to British India (part of Punjab; from 15 Apr 1948,
                             Himachal Pradesh).


Rulers (title Rana)

1812 - 1821                Ranjit Singh                       (b. 1782 - d. 1821)
1821 - Jan 1828            Bhagwan Singh                      (d. 1859)  


Kozhikode (Calicut)

c.826 AD                   Nediyirippu Swaroopam (Kozhikode) state founded
                             according to tradition.
1124                       Calicut (Kozhikode) city founded.
1503 - Nov 1571            Portuguese Fort at Chaliyam.
1591 - 1663                Portuguese settlement at Calicut.
1663 - 20 Oct 1795         Dutch settlement at Calicut.
27 Apr 1766 - 1768         Annexed by Mahisur (Mysore).
1768 - 1774                Tributary to Mahisur (Mysore).
1774 - 1792                Restored to Mahisur (Mysore).               
1782 - 1784                British occupation of Calicut.
18 Aug 1792                British protectorate.
15 Nov 1806                Reduced to an estate (zamindari)(part of Madras).

Rulers (title Samoothiri Raja [Zamorin])
1684 - 1705                Manavikraman VI Bharani Tirunal     (d. 1705)

1705 - 1711                Nileswaram Tirunal                  (d. 1705)
1711 - 1729                Vira Raya                           (d. 1729)
1729 -  4 Apr 1741         Manavikraman VII                    (d. 1741)
1741 - 12 Feb 1746         ... Kilakke Kovilakam               (b. 1706/11 - d. 1746)
1746 -  7 May 1758         ... Puthiya Kovilakam               (d. 1758)
1758 - 27 Apr 1766         ... Kilakke Kovilakam               (d. 1766)
1766 - 1788
               ... Puthiya Kovilakam               (d. 1788)
1766 - 1768                Madanna
                             (Mysore governor of Malabar, in Calicut)
1788 - 28 Mar 1798
        Karlavarma Vikram Puthiya           (d. 1798)
                             Kovilakam

1798 - 15 Nov 1806         Kishanvarma Puthiya Kovilakam       (d. 1816)


Kullu (Kulu)

c.500             
         Kullu (Kuluta) state founded in remote legendary antiquity.
1486                       Modern state founded.
Dec 1815                   British protectorate, also known as Sangri.
1839 - 1841                Occupied by the Sikhs.
1841                      
Annexed to the Pańjab (Punjab); part of the state continues as
                             Sangri state.
 9 Mar 1846                Annexed to British India, as Waziri Rupi estate (jagir)
                             (part of Punjab; from 31 Oct 1966, Himachal Pradesh).
 
Rajas
1688 - 1719                Man Singh                          (d. 1719)
1719 - c.1731              Raj Singh                          (d. c.1731)
1731 - 1742                Jai Singh                          (d. 1744)
1742 - 10 Jan 1767         Tedhi Singh                        (d. 1767)
10 Jan 1767 - c.1806       Pritam Singh                       (d. c.1806)
1806 - Oct 1816            Bikram Singh                       (d. 1816)
Oct 1816 - Sep 1841        Ajit Singh                         (b. 1810 - d. 1841)


Kumaon

[Kumaon kingdom to 1790
                  (India)]

c.700                      Kumaon kingdom founded in legendary antiquity.

1790 - 26 Apr 1815         Occupied by Nepal.
26 Apr 1815 -  4 Mar 1816  Occupied by U.K.
 4 Mar 1816                Annexed to British India.

Rajas
1698 - 1708                Gyan Chand 
1708 - 1720                Jagat Chand                        (d. c.1720)
1720 - 1726                Devi Chand
1726 - 1729                Ajit Chand    
1729 - 1747                Kalyan Chand V    
1747 - 1777                Deep Chand  
1777 - 1779                Mohan Chand   
1779 - 1786                Pradyumn Chand 
1786 - 1788                Mohan Chand  
1788                       Shiv Chand
1788 - 1790                Mahendra Chand


 
Kumharsain

[Kumharsain (Kumarsain)
                  princely state to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kumharsain Population: 13,983 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1000                     Kumharsain (Kumarsain) state founded.
.... - Feb 1816            Tributary of Bashahr.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
 
7 Feb 1816                British protectorate (then spelled Komharsein).
1839 - 1840                Occupied by British India.
1874 - 1896                Under Britsih India management.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Rana Saheb)
.... - 1725                Ajmir Singh
1725 - 1755                Anup Singh                         (d. 1755)
1755 - 1789                Dalip Singh
1789 - 1803                Govardhan Singh                    (d. 1803)
1803                       Kehar Singh (1st time)             (d. 1839)

1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1839                Kehar Singh (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1839 - 1840                interregnum
1840 - 1858                Pritam Singh                       (d. 1858)
1858 - 1874                Bhawani Singh                      (d. 1874)
12 Nov 1874 - 24 Aug 1914  Hira Singh                         (b. 1849 - d. 1914)
1874 - 1896                Mangat Ram -Regent
24 Aug 1914 - 1945         Vidyadhar Singh                    (b. 1895 - d. 1945)

24 Aug 1914 - 1916?        Hira Singh -Regent
1945 -
15 Apr 1948         Sumesahwar Singh                   (b. 1930 - d. 1996)



Kunihar

Capital: Harkot Population: 2,399 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1154                       Kunihar state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
Feb 1816                   British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Thakur)
1763 - 1795                Anant Dev                          (b. 1715 - d. 1795)
1795 - 1803                Mungri Das (1st time)              (b. 1752 - d. 1816) 
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1816                Mungri Das (2nd time)              (s.a.)
1816                       Puran Dev                          (b. 1769 - d. 1816)
1816 - 1866                Kishen Singh                       (b. 1803 - d. 1866)
1866 -  7 Oct 1905         Tegh Singh                         (b. 1834 - d. 1905)
 
7 Oct 1905 - 15 Apr 1948  Hardev Singh                       (b. 1898 - d. 1964)
1905 - 1917                Lakbsmi Dhar -Regent



Kurandvad (Kurundwad)(Kurandwad Senior Branch)

[Kurandvad
                        (Kurandwad Senior Branch) 1811-1948 (India)]
1811 - 8 Mar 1948

Capital: Kurundwad Population: 52,552 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1733                       Kurandvad (Kurundwad) estate (jagir) founded.
1733 - 1818                Tributary of Satara.
 5 May 1819                British protectorate, recognized as a state.
 5 Apr 1854                Kurandvad state split into Senior and Junior Branches.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)
1733 - 1771                Trimbakrao I "Appa Sahib
                             Patwardhan"                      (d. 1771)
1771 -  3 Mar 1771         Nilkanthrao "Dada Sahib
                             Patwardhan"                      (b. 1726 - d. 1771)
1771 - 1801                Raghunathrao I "Dada Sahib
                             Patwardhan"                      (b. 1750 - d. 1801)
1801 - c.1812              Trimbakrao II "Appa Sahib
                             Patwardhan"
c.1812 - 1827              Keshavrao "Baba Sahib Patwardhan"  (b. .... - d. 1827)
1827 - Jan 1876            Raghunathrao II Keshavrao
                             "Dada Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1812 - d. 1876)
25 Jan 1876 - 16 Feb 1908  Chintamanrao I Raghunathrao
                             "Bala Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1849 - d. 1908)
16 Feb 1908 - 10 Sep 1927  Bhalchandrarao Chintamanrao
                             "Anna Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1873 - d. 1927)
10 Sep 1927 -  8 Mar 1948  Chintamanrao II Bhalchandrarao
                             "Bala Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1921 - d. 1980)

10 Sep 1927 - 1942         Sitabai Sahib Bhalchandrarao
                             "Mai Sahib" (f) -Regent          (b. 1901 - d. 1969)

Karbharis (state managers)
c.1939                     Govind Krishna Gokhale
c.1940                     Chakravarthi Vijairaghava Chariar



Kurandvad (Kurundwad)(Kurandwad Junior Branch)

[Kurandvad
                        (Kurandwad Junior Branch) 1854-1948 (India)]

1854 - 8 Mar 1948

Capital: Madhavpur-
Vadgaon
Population: 46,609 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

 5 Apr 1854                Senior and Junior branches split the Kurandvad state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)[ruling jointly to 1931]
 5 Apr 1854 - 1869         Trimbakrao "Abba Sahib"            (d. 1869)
 5 Apr 1854 - 1876         Vinayakrao                         (b. 1823 - d. ....)
                             "Appa Sahib Patwardhan"
 5 Apr 1854 - 1899         Ganpatrao Hariharrao "Bapu Sahib"  (b. 1837 - d. 1899)
 
5 Feb 1877 - 1911         Hariharrao Vinayakrao              (b. 1852 - d. 19..)
                             "Daji Sahib Patwardhan" 
29 Jul 1899 - 1931         Madhavrao Ganpatrao
                             "Bhav Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1875 - d. 1948)
1911 - 1932                Vinayakrao Hariharrao
                             "Nana Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1877 - d. 1932)
1932 -  9 Jun 1938         Ganpatrao Madhavrao                (b. 1900 - d. 1942)
                             "Bapu Sahib Patwardhan"
Rajas
 9 Jun 1938 -  9 Nov 1942  Ganpatrao Madhavrao                (s.a.)
                             "Bapu Sahib Patwardhan"
1942 -  8 Mar 1948         Ganpatrao Trimbakrao
               (b. 1924 - d. 2004)
                             "Tatya Sahib Patwardhan"



Kurnool


15..                       Kurnool (Karnul) state established by a Pathan general.
.... - 1800                Under the suzerainty of Hyderabad.
1800                       British protectorate.
Dec 1839                   Annexed to British India (part of Madras; from 1 Oct 1953,
                             Andhra Pradesh).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1690 - ....                Daud Khan

.... - 1724                Ibrahim Khan
1724 - 1733                Alif Khan
1733 - 1751                Himayat Bahadur Khan
1751 - 1792                Munawwar Khan
1792 - 1815                Aluf Khan
1815                       Muzaffar Khan
1815 - 1823                Munawwar Khan
1823 - Dec 1839            Ghulam Rasul Khan                  (d. 1840)



Kurwai

[Kurwai flag c.1890
                        (India)]
Flag c.1890

[Kurwai flag
                          to 1948 (India)]
Flag to 28 May 1948
Capital: Kurwai Population: 29,541 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1713                       Kurwai (Korwai) state founded.
1818                       British protectorate (then spelled Korwai).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1713 – 12 Oct 1722         Mohammad Diler Khan                (b. c.1670 - d. 1722)
12 Oct 1722 - 1762         Mohammad `Izzat Khan               (d. 1762)
1722 – 1727                Mohammad Ahsanullah Khan -Regent
1762 – 1792                Mohammed Hormat Khan               (d. 1792)
1792 - 1839                Akbar Mohammad Khan                (d. 1839)
1839 – 11 Aug 1858         Mohammad Mozaffar Khan             (d. 1858)
11 Aug 1858 – 15 Jan 1887  Mohammad Najaf Khan                (b. 1822 – d. 1887)
15 Jan 1887 – 10 Sep 1896  Monawar `Ali Khan                  (b. 1869 - d. 1896)
15 Jan 1887 – 1892         Mian Mazhar `Ali Khan -Regent
10 Sep 1896 -  1 Oct 1906  Mohammad Ya`qub `Ali Khan          (b. 1876 - d. 1906)
 1 Oct 1906 - 28 May 1948  Mohammad Sarwar `Ali Khan          (b. 1901 - d. 1986)
 1 Oct 1906 –  9 Apr 1923  Umar un-nisa Begum (f) -Regent     (d. 1963)
                             "Sarkar Amma"

Dewans (chief ministers)
 1 Apr 1934 - 193.         Haji Ahmaddin Khan   
c.1939                     Izzat Nishan Munshi Balmakund
c.1945                     Pirzada Amir Hasan


Kushalgarh

[Kushalgarh possible flag to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kushalgarh
Population: 41,153 (1941)
State Forces: None (1939)
Salute: None

1670                       Kushalgarh estate (thikana) founded, under Banswara.
1868                       In direct relations with the British, only the tribute to
                             Banswara state remains.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan (represented in merger by Banswara).

Rulers (title Rao)
18.. - 1891                Zorawar Singh                      (d. 1891)
1891 - 1916                Udai Singh                         (b. 1855 – d. 1916)
1916 - 1941                Ranjit Singh                       (b. 1882 – d. 1941)
1941 - 25 Mar 1948         Harindra Singh                     (b. 1924 – d. 1967)
c.1942                     Tajammul Husain -Manager (regent
)


Kutch: see Kachh



Kuthar

Capital: Kuthar
Population: 4,970 (1941)
State Forces: None (1939)
Salute: None

bf.1700                    Kuthar state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
 4 Sep 1815                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Rana)
1776 - 1791                Samar Chand                        (d. 1791)
1791 - 1803                Gopal Chand (1st time)             (d. 1824)
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1824                Gopal Chand (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1824 - 1858                Bhup Chand                         (d. 1858)
27 Dec 1858 - 1895         Jai Chand                          (b. c.1845 - d. 1895)
1895 -  4 Oct 1923         Jagjit Chand                       (b. 1886 - d. 1930)
 4 Oct 1923 - 15 Apr 1948  Krishan Chand                      (b. 1905 - d. 1956)


Kutlehar

[Kutlehar state former flag
                (India)]

750 AD                     Kutlehar state founded according to tradition.
1805 - 1809                Occupied by Nepal.
1825                       Annexed to Pańjab (Punjab).

Rulers (title Rai Saheb Shri)
c.1730                     Yadu Pal
c.1750                     Dharam Pal

.... - ....                Gur Pal
1798 - 1825                Amrat Pal                          (d. 1832)


Lahaur (Lahore): see Pańjab


Lakhtar

Capital: Lakhtar Population: 26,780 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1604                       Lakhtar state founded.
1807                       Lakhtar and most of other Eastern Kathiawar states became the
                             British protectorates (by the Walker settlement of 1807/08).
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states

                             (see complete list of states and additional information here),
                             by 1820 their tribute to Baroda ended, unless regulated by the
                             British.

1927                       Almost full jurisdictional authority granted by the British.

 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to
                             Dhrangadhra.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
1696 - 1714                Gopalsinhji Sheshmalji 
1714 - 1741                Karansinhji I Gopalsinhji
1741 - 1769                Abherajji II Karansinhji 
1769 - 1798                Raydhanji Abherajji
1798                       Sangramji Raydhanji
1798 - 1803                Chandrasinhji Raydhanji
1803 - 1835                Prithirajji Chandrasinhji          (d. 1835)
1835 - 15 Jun 1846         Vajirajji II Prithirajji           (d. 1846)
15 Jun 1846 -  8 Aug 1924  Karansinhji II Vajirajji           (b. 1846 - d. 1924)
 8 Aug 1924 -  2 Jul 1940  Balvirsinhji Karansinhji           (b. 1881 - d. 1940)
 2 Jul 1940 - 15 Feb 1948  Indrasinhji Balvirsinhji           (b. 1907 - d. 1999)

Dewans (chief ministers)
 
1 Apt 1895 - 20 Oct 1913  Maganlal Tribhovandas Vakil        (d. 1913)
                             (chief karbhari)
21 Oct 1913 - c.May 1921   Nenshi Fulchand Sanghvi    
c.1936 - c.1946            R.P. Shukla


Las Bela: see Pakistani Princely States


Lathi

[Lathi to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Lathi Population: 10,812 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

c.1260                     Lathi state founded.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Lakthar).
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to
                             Bhavnagar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
.... - ....                Jijibawa Sursinhji
.... - ....                Bhojrajji III Jijibawa
1750 - ....                Lakhaji III Jijibawa
.... - ....                Sursinhji II Lakhaji
.... - ....                Lunshahji Sursinhji
.... - ....                Jijibawa II Lunshahji
.... - ....                Lakhaji IV Jijibawa
c.1807                     Amarsinhji Lakhaji
18.. - 1878                Takhtsinhji Lakhaji                (b. 1843 - d. 1878)
 4 Nov 1878 - 1900         Sursinhji III Takhtsinhji          (b. 1875 - d. 1900)
10 Jun 1900 - 14 Oct 1918  Pratapsinhji Sursinhji             (b. 1891 - d. 1918)
10 Jun 1900 -  1 May 1911  the state managers -Regents
14 Oct 1918 - 15 Feb 1948  Prahladsinhji Pratapsinhji         (b. 1912 - d. 19..)

14 Oct 1918 - 19 Aug 1920  the state managers -Regents
19 Aug 1920 - 1921         Rani Saheb Ba Shri Gangaba
                             Saheb (f) -Regent

Karbharis (state managers)
1900 -  4 Mar 1904         Vakhatchand Umedchand
 5 Mar 1904 - 30 Sep 1907  Anopchand Jagjiwan Modi
 1 Oct 1907 - 18 Nov 1909  Shamshanker Jeyshanker
18 Nov 1909 -  1 May 1911  Anandrai Himatram Dave
16 Oct 1918 - 20 Nov 1918  Manilal K. Kaji (acting)
21 Nov 1918 - 20 Mar 1919  Meruji Dossaji Chudasama
 
2 Oct 1919 - 20 Feb 1920  K.S. Yirawala
21 Feb 1920 - 19 Aug 1920  K.S. Vajubha
bf.1939 - af.1944          Harischandrasinhji

c.1946                     Ramanlal K. Trivedi



Lawa

Capital: Lawa Population: 2,808 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1772                       Lawa estate (thikana) founded, under Jaipur.
1817 - 1868                Part of Tonk state.
1868                       Estate entirely separated from Tonk and placed directly
                             under the British.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
30 Mar 1949                Merged into Rajasthan (represented in merger by Jaipur).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1865 - 1892                Dhirat Singh                       (d. 1892)
29 Jul 1892 - 1921         Mangal Singh                       (b. 1873 - d. 1921)
                             (from 1903, personal style Rao Bahadur Raja)
1921 - 1929                Raghubir Singh                     (d. 1929)
1929 - 30 Mar 1949         Bans Pardeep Singh                 (b. 1923)
1929 - c.1943              Managers (regents)
                           - Jumna Lal (c. 1937)           
                           - Bhonrilal M. Papne (c. 1942)



Limbdi

Capital: Limbdi Population: 44,024 (1941)
State Troops: 60 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

c.1500                     Limbdi state founded.
1807                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
17.. - 17..                Askaranji III Verisalji 
17.. - 17..                Aderajji II Askaranji
17.. - 17..                Verisalji II Aderajji
17.. - 1786                Harbhanji I Verisalji              (d. 1786)
1786 - 1825                Harisinhji Harbhanj                (d. 1825)
1825 - 1837                Bhojraji Harisinhji                (d. 1837)
1837 -  8 Jan 1856         Harbhamji II Bhojraji              (d. 1856)
 8 Jan 1856 - 30 Jan 1862  Fatehsinhji Bhojraji               (d. 1862)
30 Jan 1862 - 15 Apr 1907  Jashwantsinhji Fatehsinhji         (b. 1859 - d. 1907)
                             (from 30 Jun 1887, Sir Jashwantsinhji Fatehsinhji)
30 Jan 1862 -  1 Aug 1877  Rani Shri Hariba Kunverba
                             Sahiba (f) -Regent
26 Apr 1907 - 30 Sep 1940  Daulatsinhji Jashwantsinhji        (b. 1868 - d. 1940)
                             (from 1 Jan 1921, Sir Daulatsinhji Jashwantsinhji)
30 Sep 1940 -  6 Jan 1941  Digvijaysinhji Daulatsinhji        (b. 1896 - d. 1941)
 6 Jan 1941 - 15 Feb 1948  Chhatarsalji Digvijaysinhji        (b. 1940)
 6 Jan 1941 - 15 Feb 1948  Regency
                           [first members of the Council of Administration]
                           - Fatehsinhji Daulatsinhji
                               (1st time)(1941-1942)          (b. 1900 - d. 19..)
                           - Motabhai S. Jayakar (1942)       (b. 1884 - d. 19..)
                           - John Patrick Nicholson           (b. 1888 - d. 19..)
                               (1942-1947)(president)
                           - Fatehsinhji Daulatsinhji         (s.a.)
                               (2nd time)(1947-1948)   

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1904 - 1917              Jhaverbhai Nathabhai
1917 -  9 Oct 1918         Meghabhai Ratansinhji
 9 Oct 1918 - 1920/21      Anupchand Jagjiwan Mody
1920/21 - 11 Mar 1921      Amritlal Talakshi Mehta (acting)
12 Mar 1921 - 192.         Vrijlal Jivanbhai Kothari    
1924 - 1928                Fatehsinhji Daulatsinhji (1st time)(s.a.)
1937 - 1946                Fatehsinhji Daulatsinhji (2nd time)(s.a.)



Loharu

[Loharu (India) state flag
                to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Loharu Population: 27,892 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
50 (1939)

Salute: 9 guns

1806                       Loharu state founded.
 
4 May 1806                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
23 Feb 1948                Merged into East Punjab (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1806 - Feb 1825            Ahmad Bakhsh Khan                  (b. 1765 - d. 1827)
Oct 1822 - Feb 1825        Mirza Shamsuddin Ahmad Khan-Regent (b. 1809 - d. 1835)
Feb 1825 -
27 Feb 1869     Aminuddin Ahmad Khan               (b. 1812 - d. 1869)
27 Feb 1869 - 31 Oct 1884  Allauddin Ahmad Khan               (b. 1833 - d. 1884)
31 Oct 1884 - Apr 1920     Amiruddin Ahmad Khan               (b. 1860 - d. 1937)
                             (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Amiruddin Ahmad Khan)
1893 - Feb 1905            Sahibzada Mirza Aziz ud-din Ahmad  (b. 1862 - d. 19..)
                             Khan (acting for the absent Nawab)
20 Apr 1920 - 30 Oct 1926 
Aizuddin Ahmad Khan "Azam Mirza"   (b. 1885 - d. 1926)
30 Oct 1926 - 23 Feb 1948  Aminuddin Ahmad Khan               (b. 1911 - d. 1983)
30 Oct 1926 - 21 Nov 1931  Sir Amiruddin Ahmad Khan -Regent   (s.a.)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     Mirza Shamsuddin Ahmad Khan



Lugasi

Capital: Lugasi Population: 7,752 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

 7 Dec 1808                British recognize Lugasi estate (jagir) as state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Diwan)
1808 - 1814                Dhiraj Singh                       (d. 1819)
1814 - 1859                Sardar Singh                       (d. 1860)
Rulers (title Rao Bahadur)
1859 – 1860                Sardar Singh                       (s.a.)
1860 - 1872                Hira Singh                         (d. 1872)
1872 - 1902                Khet Singh                         (b. 1856 - d. 1902)
1902 - 1917                Chhatrapati Singh                  (b. 1887 - d. 1917)
1917 -  4 Apr 1948         Bhupal Singh                       (b. 1916 - d. 19..)



Lunavada (Lunawada)

[Lunavada (Lunawada) to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Lunavada
 (Lunawada)
Population: 105,318 (1941)
State Troops: 40 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1434                       Lunavada state founded.
1803                       British protectorate (effected in 1819).
1867 - 1880                British administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Rana; from c.1840, Raja Maharana)
1674 - 1711                Bir Singh                          (d. 1711)
1711 - 1735                Nar Singh                          (d. 1735)
1735 - 1757                Wakhat Singh                       (d. 1757)
1757 - 1782                Dip Singh                          (d. 1782)
1782 - 1786                Durjan Singh                       (d. 1786)
1786                       Jagat Singh
1786 - 1817                Partab Singh
1817 - 1818                Shiv Singh
1818 - 1849                Fateh Singh                        (d. 1849)

1849 - 1851                Dalpat Singh                       (d. 1851)
1851 - 1852                interregnum
1852 - 18 Jun 1867         Dalil Singh                        (d. 1867) 

31 Oct 1867 - 27 Apr 1929  Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh           (b. 1861 - d. 1929)
                             (from 25 May 1889, Sir Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh)
31 Oct 1867 - 20 Aug 1880  the native superintendent -Regent
27 Apr 1929 - 10 Jun 1948  Virbhadra Singh Ranjit Singh       (b. 1910 - d. 1986)

Dewans (chief ministers)
21 Nov 1891 -  5 Nov 1905  Dolatram Kriparam
14 Nov 1905 - 17 Jan 1913  Hargovind Dwarkadas Kantawala
 8 Jan 1913 -  3 Apr 1915  Nasarvanji Bezonji
 3 Apr 1915 - 20 Jan 1917  Hiralal Maneklal Parikh
20 Jan 1917 - 22 Mar 1920  Gokaldas Vithaldas Saraiya
23 Mar 1920 - c.1921       Maneklal Sakerlal Desai
1929 - 1930                Framroze Barjorji Garda             (b. 1878 - d. ....)
                             (administrator)
1930 - Jan 1933?           Tribhovandas Jagiivandas Raja
                             (1st time)
Aug 1933 - Aug 1934?       Tribhovandas Jagiivandas Raja
                             (2nd time)
c.1934/35                  Maganlal L. Desai
1936 - af.1942             Jaikrishna Nagardas Varma
18 Mar 1944 - af.1946      Amritlal Popatlal  Shah             (b. 1906 - d. 19..)



Mahisur (Mysore)

[Mysore
                          c.1782 - 1799 Tipu Sultan's Flag (India)]
c.1782 - 1799 Tipu Sultan's Flag
[Mahisur
                          (Mysore) state c.1881 - 1950 (India)]
c.1881 - 25 Jan 1950
[Mahisur
                          (Mysore) Rulers flag c.1881 - 1950 (India)]
Rulers Flag c.1881 - 25 Jan 1950
Map of Mysore Population: 7,329,000 (1941)
Government of Mysore Act (13 Apr 1940) Salute: 21 guns
Capital: Bangalore
(to 1831 Mysore [Mahisur])
Anthem
"Kayo Shri Gowri"
(O Goddess Gowri)
Adopted 1831
Ethnic groups: Kannada 69%, Telugu 15%, Hindustani 6%, Tamil 5%, other 5% (1941) Religions: Hindu 91%,
Muslim 7%, other 2% (1941)
Currency: Indian Rupee (INR)
Exports: 123 million Indian
rupees (1938/39)
Imports: 130 million Indian
rupees (1938/39)
State Forces: 3,158 (1945)

bf.1350                    Mahisur (Mysore) state founded.
Jan 1786 -  4 May 1799     Tipu Sultan establishes Khuda-Dad (Khudadad) state, independent
                             of Mughal Empire, with himself as ruler, styled Padshah.
30 Jun 1799                Mahisur state restored as a British protectorate, confirmed
                             25 Mar 1881 (by treaty).

19 Oct 1831 - 25 Mar 1881  Administered by British India.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes conditionally to India.
28 Jun 1949                Accedes fully to India as Mysore state, effective 25 Jan 1950.
 1 Nov 1973                Part of Karnataka.

Maharajas
11 Feb 1673 - 16 Nov 1704  Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar            (b. 1645 - d. 1704)
16 Nov 1704 - 18 Feb 1714  Narasaraja II Wodeyar              (b. 1672 - d. 1714)
16 Nov 1704 - 18 Feb 1714  .... Kalale -Regents
18 Feb 1714 -  5 Mar 1732  Krishnaraja I Wodeyar              (b. 1702 - d. 1732)

19 Mar 1732 - 10 Jun 1734  Chamaraja VII Wodeyar              (b. 1704 - d. 1734)
1734 - 25 Apr 1766         Krishnaraja II Wodeyar             (b. 1728 - d. 1766)
1734 - 1746                Mahisura Delavoi Devarajaiya
                             Urs -Regent

25 Apr 1766 -  2 Aug 1770  Nanjaraja Wodeyar                  (b. 1748 - d. 1770)
 2 Aug 1770 - 16 Sep 1776  Chamaraja VIII Wodeyar             (b. 1759 - d. 1776)
 2 Aug 1770 - 16 Sep 1776  Hyder `Ali -Regent (1st time)      (b. 1721 - d. 1782)
27 Sep 1776 - Jan 1786     Chamaraja IX Wodeyar               (b. 1774 - d. 1796)
27 Sep 1776 -  7 Dec 1782  Hyder `Ali -Regent (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 7 Dec 1782 - Jan 1786     Tipu (
Tippoo) Sultan -Regent       (b. 1749 - d. 1799)
Ruler (titled Padshah)
Jan 1786 -  4 May 1799     Tipu Sultan                        (s.a.)
Maharajas
25 Jun 1799 - 27 Mar 1868  Mummadi Krishnaraja III Wodeyar    (b. 1794 - d. 1868)
                             (from 24 May 1867, Sir Krishnaraja III Wodeyar)
25 Jun 1799 - Feb 1810     Maharani Lakshmi Amman Devi       
(b. 1742 - d. 1810)
                             Avaru (f) -Regent

25 Jun 1799 - 23 Dec 1811  Dewan Krishnacharya Purnaiya-Regent(b. 1746 - d. 1812)
27 Mar 1868 - 28 Dec 1894  Jaina C
hamaraja X Wodeyar          (b. 1863 - d. 1894)
                             (from 23 May 1884, Sir Jaina Chamaraja X Wodeyar)
27 Mar 1868
- 22 Feb 1881  Maharani Devajammanni (f) -Regent  (b. 1804 - d. 1893)
28 Dec 1894 -  3 Aug 1940  Krishnaraja IV Wodeyar             (b. 1884 - d. 1940)

                             (from 1 Jan 1907, Sir Krishnaraja IV Wodeyar)
28 Dec 1894 -  8 Aug 1902  Maharani Vani Vilas                (b. 1866 - d. 1934)

                             Sannidhana (f) -Regent 
 3 Aug 1940 - 25 Jan 1950  Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar          (b. 1919 - d. 1974)
                             (from 1 Jan 1945, Sir
Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1714 - 1724                Kalale Chaluvayya
1724 - 1746                Kalale Devarajayya
1746 - 1758                Nanjarajayya of Kalale
1758 - 1761                Khande Rao                         (d. 1762)
1761 - 1765                Venkatappa                         (d. 1765)    
1765 - 1779                Pradhana Venkappayya
1779 - 1787                Syed Mir Sadiq (1st time)          (d. 1799)
1787 - 17..                Mahdi Ali Khan Nayut
17.. - 1799                Syed Mir Sadiq (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1799 - 1811                Krishnacharya Purnaiya             (s.a.)
Apr 1811 - Jan 1812        Bargir Bakshi Balaji Rao
Feb 1812 - Oct 1817        Savar Bakshi Rama Rao
Nov 1817 - Apr 1818        Babu Rao (1st time)                (d. 1834)
May 1818 - Feb 1820        Siddharaj Urs
Mar 1820 - Aug 1821        Babu Rao (2nd time)                (s.a.)
Nov 1821 - Nov 1822        Lingaraj Urs
Dec 1822 - Nov 1825        Babu Rao (3rd time)                (s.a.)
Nov 1825 - May 1927        Vacant
May 1827 - Oct 1831        Venkata Urs
Oct 1831 - 14 May 1832     Venkataramanaiya
May 1832 - 19 Apr 1834     Babu Rao (4th time)                (s.a.)
1834 - 1838                Kollam Venkata Rao
Huzur Head Sherestedar

1838 - 1840                Surappaya                          (d. 1840)
Assistants to the Commissioners for the government of Mysore
1840 - 1844                Kollam Venkata Rao
1844 - 1858                Kola Krishnama Naidu
1858 - 1864                Kola Vijayarangam Naidu
1864 - 1866                Arunachala Mudaliar

Dewans (chief ministers)
1866 - 1881                the British commissioners
25 Mar 1881 - 20 Jan 1883  Cettipanyam Viravalli Rungacharlu 
(b. 1831 - d. 1883)
21 Jan 1883 - 18 Mar 1901  Kumarapuram Seshadri Iyer         
(b. 1845 - d. 1901)
                             (acting to 11 Feb 1883)
                            
(from 2 Jan 1893, Sir Kumarapuram Seshadri Iyer)
11 Aug 1900 - 18 Mar 1901  T.R.A. Thambuchetty                (b. 1837 - d. 1907)
                             (
= Trichinopoly Rayalu Arakiaswamy Thumboo Chetty)
                             (acting for Iyer)
18 Mar 1901 - 30 Jun 1906  Purniah Narasinga Rao Krishnamurti (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1903, Sir Purniah Narasinga Rao Krishnamurti)
30 Jun 1906 - 31 Mar 1909  Vishwanath Patankar Madhava Rao    (b. 1850 - d. 1934)
 1 Apr 1909 - 1912         Tanjore Ananda Rao                 (b. 1852 - d. 1919)
10 Nov 1912 - 1918         Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya          (b. 1861 - d. 1962)
                            
(from 1915, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya)
10 Dec 1918 - 1922         M. Kantharaj Urs
                  (b. 1870 - d. 1922)
 6 Mar 1922 - 1926         Sir Albion Rajkumar Banerjee       (b. 1871 - d. 1950)
 1 May 1926 -  1 Jun 1941  Sir Mirza Muhammad Ismail          (b. 1883 – d. 1959)
 1 Jun 1941 -  6 Aug 1946  Sir Nyapathi Madhava Rao           (b. 1887 - d. 1972)

 6 Aug 1946 - 25 Oct 1947  Sir Arcot Ramaswami Mudaliar       (b. 1887 - d. 1976)
Prime minister
25 Oct 1947 - 25 Jan 1950  Kysasambally Chengalaraya Reddy    (b. 1902 - d. 1976)  INC

British Residents in Mysore
22 Jul 1799 - Mar 1801     Sir Barry Close                    (b. 1756 - d. 1813)
31 Mar 1801 -  1 Feb 1803  Josiah M.C.S. Webbe (1st time)     (b. 1768 - d. 1804)
 1 Feb 1803 - 23 Oct 1803  John Chamier (acting)
23 Oct 1803 -  1 Feb 1804  Josiah M.C.S. Webbe (2nd time)     (s.a.)
Apr 1804 - 1808            Mark Wilks                         (b. 1760? - d. 1831)
Nov 1804 - Mar 1805        Sir John Malcolm (1st time)        (b. 1769 - d. 1833)
                             (acting for Wilks)
Apr 1807 - Feb 1808        Sir John Malcolm (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (acting for Wilks)
29 Feb 1808 - 1825         Arthur Henry Cole (acting to 1809) (b. 1780 - d. 1844)
1825 - 1833                James Archibald Casamajor          (b. 1784 - d. 1863)
                             (acting to 1827)
1833 - 1834                Henry Sullivan Graeme (acting)     (b. 1781 - d. 1850)
May 1834 - Oct 1834        Mark Cubbon                        (b. 1784 - d. 1861)
Oct 1834 - Jan 1836        James Stuart Fraser                (b. 1783 - d. 1869)
19 Jan 1836 - 31 Dec 1842  John Day Stokes                    (b. 1802 - d. 1862)
Commissioners of Mysore Commission (and from 24 Feb 1869 Chief Commissioners of Coorg)
19 Oct 1831 - Jun 1834     Board of Commissioners
                           - John Briggs                      (b. 1785 - d. 1875)
                              (senior commissioner to 6 Feb 1833)   
                           - Charles May Lushington           (b. 1784 - d. 1844)    
                              (19 Oct 1831 - 18 Feb 1832)
                           - George Dominico Drury            (b. 1793 - d. 1870)
                              (18 Feb - 16 Jun 1832)
                           - John M. Macleod                  (b. 1792 - d. 1881)
                              (16 Jun 1832 - 17 Feb 1834)
                           - William Morison                  (b. 1785 - d. 1867)
                              (senior commissioner from 6 Feb 1833
                           - Mark Cubbon (from 17 Feb 1834)   (s.a.) 
 
3 Mar 1834 - 18 Jan 1836  James Stuart Fraser                (s.a.)
18 Jan 1836 -  1 Mar 1861  Mark Cubbon                        (s.a.)
                             (from 26 May 1856, Sir Mark Cubbon) 
 
1 Mar 1861 - 21 Apr 1862  Charles Burslem Saunders (1st time)(b. 1821 - d. 1888)
21 Apr 1862 - 10 Sep 1866  Lewin Bentham Bowring (1st time)   (b. 1824 - d. 1910)

10 Sep 1866 - 11 Nov 1867  Charles Burslem Saunders (2nd time)(s.a.)
11 Nov 1867 - 21 Feb 1870  Lewin Bentham Bowring (2nd time)   (s.a.)
21 Feb 1870 -  5 Jun 1876  Richard John Meade                 (b. 1821 - d. 1904)

                            
(from 30 May 1874, Sir Richard John Meade)
 5 Jun 1876 -  1 Apr 1878  Charles Burslem Saunders (2nd time)(s.a.)

 1 Apr 1878 - 25 Mar 1881  James Davidson Gordon              (b. 1835 - d. 1889)
Residents in Mysore (also Chief Commissioners of Coorg until 1 Jul 1940)
(as of 1947, in charge of Banganapalle, Mysore and Sandur states)

25 Mar 1881 -  1 May 1882  James Davidson Gordon (1st time)   (s.a.)
                             (from 24 May 1881, Sir James Davidson Gordon)
 
1 May 1882 –  4 Dec 1882  John Douglas Sandford (acting)     (b. 1833 – d. 1892)
 4 Dec 1882 -  8 Jun 1883  Sir James Davidson Gordon          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 8 Jun 1883 – 17 Dec 1884  Sir James Broadwood Lyall          (b. 1838 - d. 1916)
                             (1st time)(acting to 7 Dec 1883)
17 Dec 1884 -  2 Mar 1885  Tredway George Clarke (acting)     (b. 1835 – d. 1924)
 2 Mar 1885 -  2 Jun 1885  Arthur Henry Temple Martindale     (b. 1854 - d. 1942)
                             (acting)
 2 Jun 1885 – May 1886     Charles Edward Ridgway Girdlestone (b. 1839 - d. 1889)
                             (acting)
May 1886 - 20 Mar 1887     Sir James Broadwood Lyall          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)      
20 Mar 1887 – 10 Oct 1887  Sir Dennis Fitzpatrick  (acting)   (b. 1827 - d. 1920)
10 Oct 1887 - 15 Jan 1889  Sir Harry North Dalrymple          (b. 1834 - d. 1913)
                             Prendergast (1st time) (acting)
15 Jan 1889 -  1 Jun 1891  Sir Oliver Beauchamp Coventry      (b. 1837 - d. 1891)
                             St. John
 1 Jun 1891 - 16 Apr 1892  Sir Harry North Dalrymple          (s.a.)
                             Prendergast (2nd time)(acting)
16 Apr 1892 - 12 Jul 1892  Philip Durham Henderson (1st time) (b. 1840 - d. 1918)
12 Jul 1892 – 13 Oct 1892  Henry Phipson Peacock (acting)     (b. 1838 - d. 1906)
13 Oct 1892 - 20 Feb 1895  Philip Durham Henderson (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Feb 1895 - 18 Sep 1895  Sir William Lee-Warner             (b. 1846 - d. 1912)
18 Sep 1895 -  7 Dec 1896  William Mackworth Young            (b. 1840 - d. 1924)
 7 Dec 1896 - 28 Jun 1899  Sir Donald Robertson (1st time)    (b. 1847 - d. 1930)
                             (acting to 10 Feb 1897)
28 Jun 1899 – 26 Nov 1899  James Adair Crawford (1st time)    (b. 1857 - d. 1936)
                             (acting)
26 Nov 1899 - 29 May 1901  Sir Donald Robertson (2nd time)    (s.a.)
29 May 1901 –  5 Dec 1901  James Adair Crawford (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 5 Dec 1901 -  5 Nov 1903  Sir Donald Robertson (3rd time)    (s.a.)
 5 Nov 1903 - 22 Nov 1905  James Austin Bourdillon            (b. 1848 - d. 1913)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1904, Sir James Austin Bourdillon)
22 May 1905 – 22 Nov 1905  Albert Williams
                             (acting for
Bourdillon)
22 Nov 1905 - 26 Aug 1910  Sir Stuart Mitford Fraser          (b. 1864 - d. 1963)

15 Mar 1907 – 25 Nov 1907  Albert Williams (acting for Fraser)
26 Aug 1910 -  7 Apr 1916  Sir Hugh Daly                      (b. 1860 - d. 1939)

 7 Apr 1916 -  8 Mar 1920  Henry Venn Cobb                    (b. 1864 - d. 1949)
 8 Mar 1920 - 29 Jun 1925  Sir William Pell Barton            (b. 1871 - d. 1956)
18 Feb 1921 - 18 Oct 1921  Stuart George Knox                 (b. 1869 - d. 1956)
                             (acting for Barton)
24 Feb 1924 – 14 Mar 1924  Alexander Norman Ley Cater         (b. 1880 - d. 1957)
                             (acting for Barton)
15 Mar 1924 – 31 Aug 1924  Charles Cunningham Watson          (b. 1874 - d. 1934)
                             (acting for Barton)
29 Jun 1925 - 22 Jun 1930  Sir Steuart Edmund Pears           (b. 1875 - d. 1931)

23 Jun 1930 -  5 May 1933  Richard John Charles Burke         (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
 
6 May 1930 - 22 Jun 1930  Percy Gordon Loch                  (b. 1887 - d. 1953)
                             (acting for Burke)

 5 May 1933 -  9 Dec 1937  Charles Terence Chichele Plowden   (b. 1883 - d. 1956)
 
7 Nov 1935 – 13 May 1936  Leonard Glyde Lavington Evans      (b. 1888 - d. 1976)
                             (acting for Plowden)
14 May 1936 – 29 May 1936  Cosmo Grant Niven Edwards          (b. 1896 - d. 1964)
                             (acting for Plowden)
 9 Dec 1937 - 26 Nov 1941  John de la Hay Gordon              (b. 1887 - d. 1959)

26 Nov 1941 - 1944         Sir Denholm de Montalt Stuart      (b. 1889 - d. 1956)
                             Fraser

 
5 Oct 1944 - 1946         Sir Philip Gaisford                (b. 1891 - d. 1973)
1946 - 1947                Sir Walter Fendall Campbell        (b. 1894 - d. 1973)



Mahlog (Mahilog)

Capital: Patta Population: 8,631 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

bf.1600                    Mahlog (Mahilog) state founded.
.... - 18..                Subject to Bilaspur.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
 
4 Sep 1815                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Thakur)
.... - ....                Uttam Chand
.... - ....                Ajit Chand
.... - ....                ....
.... - 1801                Nahar Chand                         (d. 1801)

1801 - 1803                Sansar Chand (1st time)             (d. 1849)
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1849                Sansar Chand (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1849 - 1880                Dhalip Chand                        (b. 1829 - d. 1880)
16 May 1880 - 16 Sep 1902  Raghunath Chand                     (b. 1861/66 - d. 1902)
                             (from 1898, personal style Rana)
16 Sep 1902 - 16 Dec 1934  Durga Chand                         (b. 1898 - d. 1934)
16 Sep 1902 - Jan 1908     Mansa Ram -Regent                   (d. 1908)
                             (president of the council)
Jan 1908 - 1920            Chaudhri Baldeo Singh -Regent (manager)
16 Dec 1934 - 15 Apr 1948  Narendra Chand                      (b. 1921 - d. 2011)

16 Dec 1934 - Feb 1942     M. Amin Chand -Manager (regent)


Maratha (Mahratta): see Satara

Maihar

Capital: Maihar Population: 79,558 (1941)
State Troops: 10 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1778                       Maihar state founded.
1788 - 1790                Occupied by Banda.
18 Nov 1806                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1778 - 1788                Beni Singh                         (b. 1719 - d. 1788)
1788 - 1790                Rajdhar Singh                      (b. c.1765 - d. 1790)
1790 - 1825                Durjan Singh                       (b. 1766 - d. 1825)
1826 - 1850                Bishan Singh                       (b. 1797 - d. 1850)
1850 - 1852                Mohan Prasad                       (b. 1816 - d. 1852)
1852 - 1869                Raghubir Singh                     (b. 1843 - d. 1908)
1852 - 1865                .... -Regent
Rajas

1869 - 1908                Raghubir Singh                     (s.a.)
Mar 1908 -  7 Jan 1910     Jagubir Singh                      (b. 1864 - d. 1910)
 7 Jan 1910 - 15 Dec 1911  Randhir Singh                      (b. 1865 - d. 1911)
16 Dec 1911 -  4 Apr 1948 
Brijnath Singh                     (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
                             (from 3 Jun 1935, Sir
Brijnath Singh)
16 Dec 1911 - 1917         .... -Regent

Dewans (chief ministers)
1865 - 1899                Babu Dina Nath Ghose
1899 - c.1922              Hiralal Ganeshji Anjaria           (b. 1876 - d. 19..)
22 Nov 1922 - 1939         Nagendra Nath Majumdar             (b. 1887 - d. 1967)



Makrai

[Makrai state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Makrai Population: 14,357 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1663                       Makrai state founded
1844                       British protectorate.
1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate.
 
7 Jun 1866                Status of state conferred by British authorities.
Dec 1890 - 1893            British administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Feb 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950, Madhya Pradesh).

Rajas (title from 1899, Raja Hathiya Rai)
1663 - ....                Makrand Shah
.... - ....                ....
.... - 1749                Fateh Shah
1749 - 17..                Birj Kune (f) -Rani
17.. - 1765                Dhar Shah
1765 - 17..                Bharat Shah
.... - ....                Udai Shah
.... - ....                ....
.... - 1832                ....
1832 -  5 Dec 1866         Devi Shah  
 5 Dec 1866 - Dec 1890     Lachhu Shah (1st time)             (b. 1846 - d. 1920)
Dec 1890 - 1893            British administration
1893 - 1911                Lachhu Shah (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1911 - 30 Oct 1918         Chhatrasal Shah                    (b. 1876 - d. 1918)
30 Oct 1918 - 17 Apr 1929  Drigpal Shah                       (b. 1904 - d. 1929)
30 Oct 1918 - 1925         Rani Bhup Kunwar (f) -Regent
17 Apr 1929 -  1 Feb 1948  Todar Shah                         (b. 1908 - d. 1987)


Makran: see Pakistani Princely States


Maler Kotla (Malerkotla)

Capital: Maler Kotla
(Malerkotla)
Population: 88,109 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
230 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

1468                       Predecessor state founded as an estate (jagir).
1657                       Maler Kotla state founded.
 3 May 1809                British protectorate.
17 Apr 1885 - 23 Aug 1908  Under British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.

15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab state).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1672 - 1712                Sher Muhammad Khan Bahadur         (b. 1640 - d. 1712)
1712 - 1717                Ghulam Husain Khan                 (d. 1734)
1717 - 1762                Jamal Khan                         (d. 1762)
1762 - 1763/64             Bhikan Khan                        (d. 1763/64)
1764 - 1766                Khan Sahib Khan Bahadur Khan       (d. 1766)
                             (regent 1762-1764)
1766 -  1 Nov 1780         Khan Sahib Umar Khan               (d. 1780)
 1 Nov 1780 - Apr 1784     Khan Sahib Asadullah Khan          (d. 1784)
Apr 1784 - 14 Aug 1809     Khan Ataullah Khan                 (d. 1809)
14 Aug 1809 -  4 Sep 1821  Muhammad Wazir `Ali Khan           (b. 1757 - d. 1821)
 4 Sep 1821 -  8 Apr 1846  Amir `Ali Khan Bahadur             (d. 1846)
 8 Apr 1846 - 25 Nov 1857  Mahbub `Ali Khan Bahadur           (d. 1857)
                             "Sube Khan" 
25 Nov 1857 - 16 Jul 1871  Eskandar `Ali Khan Bahadur         (d. 1871)
16 Jul 1871 - 23 Aug 1908  Mohammad Ebrahim `Ali Khan         (b. 1857 - d. 1908)
16 Jul 1871 - 1875         .... -Regent (superintendent)
17 Apr 1885 - 13 Sep 1886  Kazi Ahmad Shah (superintendent)
19 Feb 1887 - 17 Aug 1889  G.E. Wakefield
                             (superintendent)
18 Aug 1889 -  1 Jan 1893 
Mirza Agha Muhammad Khan           (d. 1893)
                             (superintendent)
 
1 May 1893
- Jan 1905     Sir Amiruddin Ahmad Khan, Nawab    (b. 1860 - d. 1937)
                             of Loharu (superintendent)
23 Aug 1908 - 16 Oct 1947  Ahmad `Ali Khan Shirwani           (b. 1881 - d. 1947)

                             (from 3 Jun 1915, Sir Ahmad `Ali Khan Shirwani)
                             (Regent 1 Feb 1905 - 23 Aug 1908)
16 Oct 1947 - 15 Jul 1948  Mohammad Iftikhar `Ali Khan        (b. 1904 - d. 1982)

Chief ministers
c.1930                     Syed Mohammad Hassan (acting)
bf.1939 - af.1941          Mir Jamil Ahmad
1946 - 1947                Mohammad Iftikhar
`Ali Khan        (s.a.)



Malia (Maliya)

[Malia (Maliya) princely
                  state to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Malia (Maliya) Population: 10,788 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1697                       Malia (Maliya) state formed.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Jasdan).
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to    
                             Morvi.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakore Saheb)
.... - 1802                Vibhaji Nathaji
1802 - 1810                Dosaji Vibhaji
1810 - 18..                Sataji Dosaji
18.. - 1875                Mulvaji Sataji
23 Jun 1875 - 19 Oct 1907  Modji Mulvaji                       (b. 1846 - d. 1907)
20 Oct 1907 - 1930         Raisinhji Modji                     (b. 1868 - d. 19..)
1930 - 1939                Harishchandrasinhji Gumansinhji     (b. 1910 - d. 19..)
1939 - 15 Feb 1948         Bhupendrasinhji Harishchandrasinhji (b. 1929 - d. af.1970)
c.1940                     J.M. Shah -Manager (regent)



Malpur

[Malpur state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Malpur Population: 16,568 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1466                       Malpur state founded.
1811                       Malpur and most of other Mahi Kantha states became the British
                             protectorates (by the Mahi Kantha settlement of 1811/12), by
                             1820 their tribute to Baroda ended, unless regulated by the
                             British.
1811/12
- 1948             Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-
                             jurisdictional states (see complete list of states and additional
                             information here), as of
                             1947 the precedence among the Mahi Kantha states was held by
                             Malpur.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted)
                             to Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, state of Gujarat).

Rulers (title Raol)
.... - ....                Anopsinhji Jetsinhji
.... - ....                Bhimsinhji Anopsinhji 
1780 - 1796                Indrasinhji
1796                       Jamalsinhji                        (d. 1796)
1796 - 1816                Takhtsinhji Jamalsinhji
1816 - 1822                Shivsinhji I
1822 - 1843                .... -Manager
1843 - 18..                Dipsinhji I                        (b. 1822 - d. 18..)
1875 - 1882                Shivsinhji II Khumansinhji         (b. 1841 - d. 1882)
24 Apr 1882 - 25 Feb 1914  Dipsinhji II Shivsinhji            (b. 1862 - d. 1914)
1914 - 1923                Jaswatsinhji Dipsinhji             (b. 1886 - d. 1923)
23 Jun 1923 - 10 Jun 1948  Gambhirsinhji Himmatsinhji         (b. 1914 - d. 1969)
23 Jun 1923 - 1935         .... -Manager

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1930                     B.C. Gasper (acting)
c.1939                     Keshavlal O. Joshi

British Political Agents for Sabar Kantha (in Sadra, Vasna state; as of 1943, in charge
of the Sabar Kantha semi-jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional states; under the
Resident for Western India States)
Apr 1933 – May 1933        George Patterson Murphy            (b. 1883 - d. 1938)
May 1933 – Dec 1933        Herbert Milner Wightwick           (b. 1885 - d. 1942)
Dec 1933 – Mar 1935        Geoffrey Baynton Williams          (b. 1896 - d. 1981)
                             (1st time)
Mar 1935 – Apr 1936        Edward Walter Fletcher             (b. 1899 – d. 19..)
Apr 1936 – Aug 1936        Claude Edward Bremner (1st time)   (b. 1891 - d. 1965)
Aug 1936 – Dec 1936        Sunderlal N. Desai (acting)
Dec 1936 – Jan 1937        Claude Edward Bremner (2nd time)   (s.a.)
Feb 1937 – Sep 1937        Edward Birkbeck Wakefield (acting) (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
Sep 1937 – Oct 1937        Oliver Charles Beauchamp St. John  (b. 1907 – d. 1976)
Oct 1937 – Oct 1938        Daniel Richard Smith               (b. 1897 – d. 19..)
Oct 1938 – Nov 1941        Lovell William Wooldridge          (b. 1901 - d. 1983)
Nov 1941 – Jan 1942        Geoffrey Baynton Williams          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
Jan 1942 - Mar 1942        Alfred Norval Mitchell             (b. 1906 - d. 1988)
Mar 1942 - Jul 1943        Vere William Digby Willoughby      (b. 1901 - d. 19..)



Manavadar (Bantva-Manavadar)

[Manavadar
                (Bantva-Manavadar) to 1949 (India)]

Capital: Manavadar Population: 26,209 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1733                       Bantva-Manavadar estate (jagir) created.
bf.1800                    Manavadar state founded.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Jasdan).
1935                       Almost full jurisdictional authority granted by the British.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Junagadh.
14 Sep 1947                Accedes to Pakistan.
22 Oct 1947                India takes over administration.
24 Feb 1948                Referendum approves accession to India.
25 Feb 1948                Accession to India in effect.
20 Feb 1949                Annexed by India to Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Khan)
1733 - c.1760              Diler Khan Salabat Khan            (d. c.1760)
c.1760 - ....              Sadar Nathu Khan Diler Khan 
17.. - af.1821             Ghazafar Khan Nathu Khan
c.1877                     Kamal ad-Din Khan Ghazafar Khan    (b. 1812 - d. 18..)
18.. - 12 Jun 1882         Zorawar Khan Kamal ad-Din Khan     (d. 1882)
12 Jun 1882 - 28 Mar 1888  Ghazafar Khan Zorawar Khan         (b. 1862 - d. 1888)
12 Jun 1882 - 21 Jun 1883  .... -Regent
28 Mar 1888 - 19 Oct 1918  Fath ad-Din Khan Ghazafar Khan     (b. 1885 - d. 1918)
28 Mar 1888 - c.1904       .... -Regent
c.1904 - 25 Nov 1907       Maneklal Gokuldas -
Regent (manager)
19 Oct 1918 - 14 Nov 1947  Mo`in ad-Din Gholam Khan           (b. 1911 - d. 2003)
                             (Indian prisoner from 22 Oct 1947)
19 Oct 1918 - 21 Nov 1931  Fatima Siddiqa Begum (f) -Regent   (b. 1891 - d. 1943)
Indian Administrator
14 Nov 1947 - 20 Feb 1949  the Administrator of Junagadh

Karbharis (state managers)
25 Nov 1907 -  6 Nov 1914  Maganlal Sundarji
 6 Nov 1914 - 15 Nov 1914  Tribhovan Mulshanker Trivedi
                             (1st time)
15 Nov 1915 - af.Apr 1920  Tribhovan Mulshanker Trivedi
                             (2nd time)
Dewan
(chief minister)
bf.1944 - af.1946          Narendrarai D. Buch



Mandi

[Mandi flag to 1948
                      (India)]
to 1 May 1948

[Mandi State
                          flag to 1948 (India)]
State Flag to 1 May 1948
Capital: Mandi Population: 232,593 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
 190 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

c.1290                    
Rana of Banglaor succeeds to Siokot state.
1527                       New capital Mandi founded; state takes name from capital.
1809 - 1846                Tributary to Punjab.
1846                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 May 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh (after founding of the province).

Rajas
1684 - 1727                Sidhi Sen                          (b. c.1627 - d. 1727)
1719? - 1722               Shiv Jawala Sen -co-ruler          (d. 1722)
1727 - 1781                Shamsher Sen                       (b. 1722 - d. 1781)

1727 - c.1740              Mian Jappu Singh -Regent           (d. c.1740)
1781 - 1788                Surma Sen                          (d. 1788)

1788 - 1826                Ishwari Sen                        (b. 1776 - d. 1826)
                            
(captive at Kangra 1792-1804)
1788 - 1792                Bairagi Ram -Regent
1826 - Jun 1839            Zalim Sen                          (d. 1839)

1839 - 26 Jan 1851         Balbir Sen                         (b. c.1817 - d. 1851)
26 Jan 1851 - 10 Dec 1902  Bijai Sen                          (b. 1846 - d. 1902)
                            
(from 1884, Sir Bijai Sen)
26 Jan 1851 - 12 Oct 1866  Wazir Gosáon -Regent               (d. 1870)
1866 - Jun 1870            Clark -Councillor 
1870 - 1872                E. Harrison -Councillor 
1889 - Mar 1890            Herbert John Maynard -Councillor
10 Dec 1902
-  9 Feb 1912  Bhawani Sen                        (b. 1883 - d. 1912)
10 Dec 1902 - Oct 1905     Thomas Millar -Superintendent
 
9 Feb 1912 - 28 Apr 1913  Vacant
 9 Feb 1912 - 28 Apr 1913  Alan Lachlan Gordon Walker (acting)(b. 1883 - d. 1934)
                             (ad-interim)
28 Apr 1913
-  1 May 1948  Jogindar Sen                       (b. 1904 - d. 1986)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1931, Sir Jogindar Sen)

Superintendents (regents)

1901 - 1909                Padha Jiwa Nand
1909 - 1913                Amar Singh (acting to 1912)
29 Apr 1913 - 11 Feb 1915  Alan Lachlan Gordon Walker         (s.a.)
Dec 1913 – Feb 1914        Claude Francis Strickland          (b. 1881 - d. 1962)
                             (acting for Walker)

Feb 1915 - Sep? 1915       Herbert William Emerson
Sep 1915 - Apr 1917        Hugh Fyson

Jun 1917 - 25 May 1920     J.R.S. Parsons
26 May 1920 - 1924         Pandit Maharaj Kishan
 9 Jul 1924 - 1925         Sardar Dina Nath
                             (then chief secretary to c.1933)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
18.. - 1839                Dhari Khatri                       (d. 1839)
1839 - Feb 1870            Gosáon (Gosain)                    (s.a.)
1872 - 1875                Mian Pardhan Singh                 (d. 1875)
1875 - 1878                Mian Uttam Singh (1st time)        (d. 1889)
1878 - 1880                Mian Man Singh
                             (from 1879, chair state council)
1880 - Oct 1888            Mian Uttam Singh (2nd time)        (s.a.)
Oct 1888 - 1889            Jawahir Lal
1889 - 1893                Sardar Jawala (or Joalla) Singh
1893 - 1901                Udham Singh
1907 - 1909                Padha Jiwa
1909 - 1913                Amar Singh (acting to 1912)
Chief ministers

1933 - 1939                Sardar D.K. Sen                    (b. 1897 - d. 19..)
1939 - af.1946             Kanwar Shiv Pal                    (b. 1901 - d. 19..)
c.1947                     Yashodar Singh                     (b. 1923 - d. 1980)



Mangal

Capital: Mangal Population: 1,325 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

13..                       Mangal state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
20 Dec 1815                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Rana)
.... - ....                Amar Singh
.... - ....                Karam Singh
.... - ....                Bahadur Singh

1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1844                Prithvi Singh                      (d. 1844)
1844                       Jodha Singh                        (d. 1844)
 9 Nov 1844 - 1892         Jit Singh                          (b. 1830 - d. 1892)
1892 - 1920                Tilak Singh                        (b. 1859 - d. 1920)
1920 - 15 Apr 1948         Sheo Singh                         (b. 1888 - d. 1953)



Manipur
 
[Manipur State
                          flag to 1907 (India)]
bf.1891 - 1907
[Manipur State
                          flag 1907-1949 (India)]
1907 - 15 Oct 1949
Map of Manipur Capital: Imphal
 (Bishenpur 1775-1796)
)
Population: 512,100 (1941) State Troops:
230 (1939,
paramilitary)(State
 Military Police)
Constitution Act
Adopted 1 Jul 1947
Salute: 11 guns

35 AD                      Manipur state founded according to tradition.
1819 - 12 Jun 1825         Occupied by Burma.
24 Feb 1826                Ceded by Burma to the British by Treaty of Yandabo.
1835                       British political agency established.

1851                       Manipur declared a British protected state.
27 Apr 1891                British capture Kangla palace.
15 May 1907                Manipuri language announced as official language of Manipur.
Mar 1944 - Jul 1944        Part of eastern Manipur and the Naga Hills district
occupied by
                             Japan and Free India forces
(Ukhrul occupied 19 Mar - 4 Jul 1944
                             and Moirang 14 Apr - 18 Jul 1944)
(see Assam under British India
                             provinces)
.

15 Aug 1947                End of British paramountcy, India becomes independent. Manipur
                             accedes to India.
15 Oct 1949                Merged into India (signed 21 Sep 1949), as Manipur province.

Rajas
1697 - 1709                Pitambar Charairongha              (b. 1673 - d. 1709)
28 Aug 1709 - 1747         Gharib Nawaz (= Pamheiba)          (b. 1690 - d. 1747) 
1747 - 1751                Chitsai (Ugat Shah)(usurper)
1751 - 1752                Bharat Shah (= Bhorotsai)          (d. 1752)
1752 - 1758               
Gauri Sham (= Maramba) (1st time)  (d. 1763)
1758 - 1761                Jai Singh (1st time)               (b. 1748 - d. 1798)
                            
(= Bhagy Chandra)(co-ruler 1752-1758)
1761 - 1763                Gauri Sham (= Maramba) (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1763 -  5 Feb 1798         Jai Singh (2nd time)               (s.a.)
 5 Feb 1798 - 1801         Harshachandra Singh                (d. 1801)
                             (= Rohinchandra) 
1801 - 1806                Maduchandra
Singh                  (d. 1806)
1806 - 1812                Chaurajit Singh (= Chourjit Singh) (d. 1812)
1812 - 1819                Marjit Singh                       (d. 1824)
1819 - 1823                Shubol (under Burma)
1823 - 1825                Pitambara Singh (under Burma)
12 Jun 1825 -  9 Jan 1834  Gambhir (Ganavira) Singh           (b. 1788 - d. 1834)
                            
(= Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba)
 9 Jan 1834 - 21 Jan 1844  Chandrakirti Singh (1st time)      (b. 1831 - d. 1886)
1834 -  8 Feb 1844        
Nara Singh -Regent                 (b. 1792 - d. 1850) 
1844                       Nobin (pretender)
 8 Feb 1844 - 10 Apr 1850  Nara Singh                         (s.a.) 
1850  (3 months)           Devendra Singh (= Debindro Singh)  (d. 1871)
12 Jul 1850 - 19 May 1886  Chandrakirti Singh (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                            
(from 18 Feb 1880, Sir Chandrakirti Singh)
20 May 1886 - 23 Sep 1890  Surchandra Singh                   (b. c.1852 - d. 1891)
23 Sep 1890 - 19 Apr 1891  Kulachandra Singh                  (b. c.1853 - d. 1934)
                             (British prisoner 8 May 1891 - 1895)
19 Apr 1891 - 18 Sep 1891  Interregnum

18 Sep 1891
 -  1 Jan 1918  Churachandra Singh                 (b. 1885 - d. 1941)
18 Sep 1891 -
15 May 1907  the British Political Agents -Regent
Maharajas

 
1 Jan 1918 -  7 Nov 1941  Churachandra Singh                 (s.a.)
                             (from 1 Jan 1934, Sir Churachandra Singh)
 
7 Nov 1941 - 15 Oct 1949  Bodhachandra Singh                 (b. 1909 - d. 1955)


Military and Political power exercised by the general commanding British forces in Manipur
29 Apr 1891 - 18 Sep 1891  Henry Collett                      (b. 1836 - d. 1901)
Presidents of the Manipur State Durbar
(chief ministers)
15 May 1907 - 1916         the Raja
15 May 1907 - 1910         William Alexander Cosgrave         (b. 1879 - d. 1952)
                             (vice
president)
bf.1 Apr 1910-15 Jun 1910  C.H. Bell (vice president)
16 Jun 1910 - 1917         John Comyn Higgins                 (b. 1882 - d. 1959)
                             (vice president to 1916)
1917 - 1918                Robert Herriot Henderson (1st time)(b. 1853 - d. 1932)
1918 - Jul 1918            V. Woods
1918 - 1919                Sir Robert Herriot Henderson       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

 
3 Feb 1919 - Nov 1921     Christopher Gimson                 (b. 1886 - d. 1975)
1921 - Jun 1921            William Shaw                       (b. 1889 - d. 19..)
Jun 1921 -  6 Sep 1922     Charles Seymour Mullan             (b. 1893 - d. 1969)
 7 Sep 1922 -  2 Jun 1927  Colin Grant Crawford               (b. 1890 - d. 1959)
15 Jun 1925 - 17 Feb 1926  Hugh Weightman (acting)            (b. 1898 - d. 1949)
 2 Jun 1927 - 1930         Anthony Gilchrist McCall           (b. 1895 - d. 1978)
1930 - Feb 1933            Cecil Walter Lewery Harvey         (b. 1897 - d. 1958)
Feb 1933 - 29 Feb 1936     Gerald Pakenham Stewart            (b. 1906 - d. 1998)
 1 Mar 1936 -  8 Feb 1937  Crispin Bernard Chitty Paine       (b. 1906 - d. ....)
 9 Feb 1937 - 1939         Alexander Ranald Hume MacDonald    (b. 1909 - d. ....)
31 Jul 1939 - 1943         Thomas Arthur Timothy Sharpe       (b. 1913 - d. 1944)
23 May 1943 -  5 Nov 1945  Edward Francis Lydall              (b. 1907 - d. 1998)
Nov 1945 - 1947            Francis Fenwick Pearson            (b. 1911 - d. 1991)
Chief ministers

15 Jul 1947 - 14 Aug 1947  Francis Fenwick Pearson (interim)  (s.a.)               Non-party
14 Aug 1947 - 15 Oct 1949  Maharaj Kumar Priyobrata Singh     (b. 1911 - d. 2005)  Non-party
                             (interim to 7 Oct 1948)

British Political Agents, Manipur
(as of 1947, in charge of Manipur state; under the Governor of Assam)
Feb 1835 - 20 Dec 1844     George Lawrie Gordon               (b. 1801 - d. 1844)
1844 - 1862                William McCulloch (1st time)       (b. 1816 - d. 1885)
1862 - Nov 1863            Thomas Dillon
Nov 1863 - Nov 1864        Henry Beveridge (acting)           (b. 1837 - d. 1929)
Nov 1864 - 13 Jan 1868     William McCulloch (2nd time)       (s.a.)
13 Jan 1868 - 1872         Robert Brown (1st time)            (b. 1833 - d. 1876)
1872                       Mowbray Thomson (acting)           (b. 1832 - d. 1917)
1872 - 1875                Robert Brown (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1875 - 1876                Edward Law Durand (1st time)       (b. 1845 - d. 1920)
                             (acting)
1875 - 1877                Guybon Henry
Damant (acting)       (b. 1846 - d. 1879)
Feb 1877 - Oct 1877        Edward Law Durand (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
1877 - Mar 1886            Sir James Johnstone                (b. 1841 - d. 1895)
 
1 Apr 1886 - 31 Jul 1886  William Francis Trotter            (b. 1843? - d. 1886)
1887 - 1889                Frank St. Clair Grimwood (1st time)(b. 1850 - d. 1891)
Feb 1889 - Apr 1889        Albert Edward Heath (acting)       (b. 1848 - d. 1889)
Oct 1889 - 24 Mar 1891     Frank St. Clair Grimwood (2nd time)(s.a.)
24 Apr 1891 - 30 Nov 1892  Henry St. Patrick Maxwell          (b. 1850 - d. 1928)
                             (1st time) 
Dec 1892 - 1895            Alexander Porteous (1st time)      (b. 1855 - d. 1932)
1895 - 1896                Henry St. Patrick Maxwell          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
1896 - 1897                Henry Walter George Cole (1st time)(b. 1866 - d. 1932)
                             (acting) 
Jul 1897 - 1899            Alexander Porteous (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting)
1899 - 1902                Henry St. Patrick Maxwell          (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1902 - Jan 1904            Albert Edward Woods                (b. 1862 - d. 1938)
 
6 Dec 1902 – 29 Jan 1903  Henry Archibald Colebrooke         (b. 1873 - d. 1942)
                             Colquhoun (acting for Woods)
Jan 1904 - 16 Mar 1905     Henry St. Patrick Maxwell          (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
16 Mar 1905
- 23 Feb 1908  John Shakespeare (1st time)        (b. 1861 - d. 1942)
24 Feb 1908 - 16 Feb 1909  Arthur William Davis (acting)      (b. 1861 - d. 1913)
17 Feb 1909 - 19 Mar 1914  John Shakespeare (2nd time)        (s.a.)
20 Mar 1914 - 27 May 1917  Henry Wlater George Cole (2nd time)(s.a.)
28 May 1917 - 26 Dec 1917  John Comyn Higgins (1st time)      (b. 1882 - d. 1952)
27 Dec 1917 - 12 Mar 1920  William Alexander Cosgrave         (s.a.)
13 Mar 1920 - 31 Mar 1922  Loftus Otway Clarke (1st time)     (b. 1871 - d. 1954)
 
1 Apr 1922 - 23 Nov 1922  Christopher Gimson (1st time)      (b. 1886 - d. 1975)
                             (acting)
24 Nov 1922 -  5 Apr 1924  Loftus Otway Clarke (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 6 Apr 1924 -  5 Mar 1928  John Comyn Higgins (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 
5 Mar 1928 - 23 Nov 1928  Colin Grant Crawford (acting)      (b. 1890 - d. 1959)
 
1 Apr 1929 - 1933         John Comyn Higgins (3rd time)      (s.a.)
 
5 Mar 1933 - 1938         Christopher Gimson (2nd time)      (s.a.)
22 Mar 1938 - Nov 1938     Gerald Pakenham Stewart (1st time) (b. 1906 - d. 1998)
                             (Japanese prisoner Sep 1941-45)
Dec 1938 - Dec 1946        Christopher Gimson (3rd time)      (s.a.)
Dec 1946 - 14 Aug 1947     Gerald Pakenham Stewart (2nd time) (s.a.)
Indian Dominion Agents (subordinated to the governor of 
Assam)
15 Aug 1947 - Sep 1947     Gerald Pakenham Stewart            (s.a.)
1947 - 1948                Shri Debeswar Sarmah               (b. 1896 - d. 1993)
Indian Dewans
(representing the governor of Assam)
29 Nov 1948 - 18 Apr 1949 
Maharaj Kumar Priyobrata Singh     (s.a.)           
18 Apr 1949 - 15 Oct 1949  Rawal Amar Singh



Mansa

[Mansa Princely State to 1948
              (India)]

Capital: Mansa Population: 18,861 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1811/12 - 1948             Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states (see under Malpur)
.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Raol)
            
.... - ....                Jorajji
.... - ....                Bhimsinhji
.... - 1886                Rajsinhji Bhimsinhji               (b. 1850 - d. 18..)  
1886 - 1889                Kesrisinhji Bhimsinhji             (d. 1889)
18 May 1889 - 1934         Takhatsinhji Kesrisinhji           (b. 1877 - d. 1934)  
17 Aug 1889 - Nov 1897     .... -Regent
 4 Jan 1934 - 10 Jun 1948  Sajjansinhji Takhatsinhji          (b. 1908 - d. 1959)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1944                     Mahaprasad U. Arwind


Mathwar

Capital: Mathwar Population: 3,889 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1818                     British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Rana)
18.. - 1859                Ram Singh  
1859 - 1865                Onkar Singh                        (d. 1865)
1865 - 1901                Ranjit Singh                       (b. 1861 - d. 1901)
1901 - 1934                Bakht Singh                        (b. 1871 - d. 1934)
1934 - 28 May 1948         Laxman Singh                       (b. 1921 - d. 19..)



Mayurbhanj

[Mayurbhanj
                        state (Royal flag) to 1948 (India)]
State Flag to 9 Nov 1948

[Mayurbhanj
                          state (War flag) to 1948 (India)]
War Flag to 9 Nov 1948
Capital: Baripada Population: 990,977 (1941)
State Troops:
100 (1939,
paramilitary)
 (State Police Force)

Interim
Constitution
(11 Dec 1947)
Salute: 9 guns

bf.1660                    Mayurbhanj state founded.
1803                       British protectorate (officially from 1812).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 
9 Nov 1948 -  1 Jan 1949  Administered by India.
 1 Jan 1949                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1688 - 1711                Savesvara Bhanj Deo
1711 - 1728                Viravikramaditya Bhanj Deo
1728 - 1750                Raghunath Bhanj Deo
1750 - 1761                Chakradhar Bhanj Dep
1761 - 1796                Damodar Bhanj Deo                  (d. 1796)
1796 - 1810                Rani Sumitra Devi (f) -Regent      (d. 1810)
1810 - 1813                Rani Jamuna Devi (f) -Regent
1813 - 1822                Tribikram Bhanj Deo                (d. 1822)
1822 - 1863
               Jadunath Bhanj Deo                 (d. 1863)
                             (from 1860, personal style of Maharaja)
1863 - 1868                Shrinath Bhanj Deo                 (d. 1868)
1868 - 29 May 1882         Krishnachandra Bhanj Deo           (b. 1848 - d. 1882)
                             (from 1877, personal style of Maharaja)
29 May 1882 - 1910         Ramchandra Bhanj Deo               (b. 1871 - d. 1912)
29 May 1882 - Sep 1890     Regency council       
                           - Rajmata Rama Devi (f)
                           - Brindaban Chandra Bhanj Deo
                           - Gokul Chandra Bhanj Deo
29 May 1882 - Dec 1882     Bedon -Manager
Dec 1882 - Sep 1890        H.P. Wylly
-Manager
Maharajas
1910 - 22 Feb 1912         Ramchandra Bhanj Deo               (s.a.)

22 Feb 1912 - 21 Apr 1928  Purnachandra Bhanj Deo             (b. 1899 - d. 1928)
Superintendents (regents)
13 May 1912 - 30 Jun 1912  C.L. Phillip (1st time)
 1 Jul 1912 -  3 Nov 1912  E. McLeod Smith
 4 Nov 1912 -  9 Feb 1916  C.L. Phillip (2nd time)
10 Feb 1916 – 22 Apr 1917  James Edward Scott
                             (acting)
Apr 1917 – 12 Oct 1919     Norman Frederick Peck
Maharaja
21 Apr 1928 -  9 Nov 1948  Pratapchandra Bhanj Deo            (b. 1901 - d. 1968)

                             (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Pratapchandra Bhanj Deo)
Indian administrator
 9 Nov 1948 -  1 Jan 1949  Dattatraya Vaman Rege              (b. 1897 - d. 19..)

Dewans (chief ministers)
Apr 1921 - 28 Nov 1929     Samuel McLeod Smith
19 Jun 1930 - 17 Jun 1935  P.K. Sen
 6 Jul 1935 -  5 Jul 1940  Kshitish C. Neogy                  (b. 1888 – d. 19..)
16 Aug 1940 - 1947         Bindeswari P. Pande                (b. 1896 – d. 19..)
Prime minister
15 Dec 1947 - Oct 1948     Sarat Chandra Das                  (b. 1891 – d. 19..) AISPC

Agents to the Governor-general (from 1 Apr 1937, Residents) for the Eastern States
(in Ranchi, from 1937 Calcutta; as of 1947, in charge of Cooch Behar, Mayurbhanj
and Tripura states, and the Chhattisgarh and Orissa States Agencies)
 1 Apr 1933 - 1934         Edmund Currey Gibson               (b. 1886 - d. 1974)
Apr 1934 -  9 Mar 1937     Arthur Stanley Meek                (b. 1883 - d. 1955)
 9 Mar 1937 - 29 Mar 1937  Gerald Patrick Murphy (acting)     (b. 1888 - d. 1978)
29 Mar 1937 - 11 Apr 1939  Henry William Cumine Robson        (b. 1886 - d. 1942)
11 Apr 1939 - 25 Oct 1941  L
eslie Eric Barton                 (b. 1889 - d. 1952)
25 Oct 1941 - 1943         Cyril Percy Hancock                (b. 1896 - d. 1990)
1943 - 1944?               Sir Walter Fendall Campbell        (b. 1894 - d. 1973)
Feb 1944 - 1944            Leonard George Coke-Wallis         (b. 1900 - d. 1974)
                            
(acting Jun 1943 and Feb 1944 - 1944)
 1 Dec 1944 - 1947         Herbert John Todd                  (b. 1893 - d. 1985)

1947                       Cecil Walter Lewery Harvey         (b. 1897 - d. 1958)
Indian Regional Commissioner for the Eastern States (in Calcutta)
c.1948                     Nagendra Singh                     (b. 1914 - d. 1988)


Mewar: see Udaipur


Miraj (Miraj Senior Branch)

[Miraj (Miraj Senior Branch)
                to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Miraj Population: 108,547 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1761                       Miraj estate (jagir) founded.
1761 - 1818                Tributary of Satara.
1819                       British protectorate, recognized as a state.
1820                       Miraj state split between Senior and Junior Branches.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)
1761 - 1771                Govind Rao                         (d. 1771)
1771 - 1775                Vaman Rao                          (d. 1775)
1775 - 1777                Pandurang Rao                      (d. 1777)
1777 - 1782                Harihar Rao                        (b. c.1765 - d. 1782)

1782 - 1801                Chintaman Rao "Appa Sahib"         (b. 1776 - d. 1851)
                             [ruler of Sangli 1801-1851]

1801 - 1819                Gangadhar Rao I (regent 1782-1801)
1819 - 1833                Ganpatrao I "Tatya Sahib"          (d. 1833)
1833 – 1861                Gangadhar Rao II "Bala Sahib"      (b. 1826 - d. 1861)
1833 - 1839                Moreshvar Rao -Regent              (d. 1839)
1861 - Nov 1874            Ganpatrao II "Tatya Sahib          (d. 1875)

                             Patwardhan"
 6 Jun 1875 - 23 Jun 1936  Gangadhar Rao III "Bala Sahib      (b. 1866 - d. 1939)
                             Patwardhan"
                             (from 1 Jan 1903, Sir Gangadhar Rao III)
1875 - 1887                Regency by South Maratha Political Agents

Rajas
23 Jun 1936 - 1939         Sir Gangadhar Rao III "Bala Sahib  (s.a.)
                             Patwardhan"
11 Dec 1939 -  8 Mar 1948  Narayan Rao "Jatya Sahib           (b. 1898 - d. 1984)
                             Patwardhan" 

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1883                     M. Shirgoankar
c.1890 - 31 May 1893       Kalian Sitaram Chitray (Karbhari)
 2 Jan 1893 -  2 Apr 1893  Krishnaji Vasudeo Phadke (acting)
31 May 1893 -  1 Apr 1895  Vithal Hari Limaye
 1 Dec 1894 - 29 Oct 1897  Krishnaji Vasudev Phadke
                             (acting to 1 Apr 1895)
 5 May 1897 - 29 Oct 1897  Gangadhar Amrit Joshi (acting)
Oct 1897 - Jul 1899        Madhava Hari Patwardhan
 6 Jul 1899 - 25 Feb 1910  Ganesh Krishna Agashe (1st time)
25 Feb 1910 - 22 Aug 1910  D. Prani (acting)
22 Aug 1910 - c.1930       Ganesh Krishna Agashe (2nd time)
1943 - 1946                Dattatraya S. Gokhale              (b. 1890 - d. 19..)
1946 - 194.                G.V. Vaidya



Miraj Junior Branch

[Miraj (Miraj Junior Branch)
                c.1820-1948 (India)]

Capital: Budhgaon Population: 46,295 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1820                       Miraj state split between Senior and Junior Branches.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay
(from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)
1820 - 1845                Madhav Rao I                       (d. 1845)
1845 - Feb 1876            Lakshman Rao I "Anna Sahib"        (b. 1807 - d. 1876)
Feb 1876 - May 1877        Harihar Rao                        (d. 1877)
1877 -  7 Feb 1899         Lakshman Rao II "Anna Sahib        (d. 1899)
                             Patwardhan"  
1877 - 1899                Regency [2 karbharis]
19 Dec 1899 -  8 Mar 1948  Madhav Rao II Harihar Rao
          (b. 1889 - d. 1950)
                            "Baba Sahib Patwardhan"
                             (from 9 Jun 1938, hereditary style Raja)

                             (from 23 Jun 1936, Sir Madhav Rao II Harihar Rao)
19 Dec 1899 -  8 Feb 1902  Rani Parbati Bai Sahiba (f)-Regent (d. 1902)
 8 Feb 1902 - 17 Mar 1909  Dowlatriam Kashiram Pandit -Regent
                             (administrator)

Karbharis (state managers)
c.1890 -  1 Oct 1891       Ramchandra Rajaram Mule
 1 Oct 1891 -  3 Nov 1896  G.K. Sovani
 7 Nov 1896 - 1897         G.A. Potnis
1897 - 29 Mar 1897         S R. Paranjpe
29 Mar 1897 - 20 Jan 1902  S.B. Limaye
20 Jan 1902 - 17 Mar 1909  Dowlatram Kashiram Pandit
                             (administrator)
17 Mar 1909 - 25 Sep 1909  G.V. Shrikhande (acting)
25 Sep 1909-bf.1 Jun 1918  L.N. Ransing
26 Oct 1915 - 23 Dec 1915  B.B. Sardesai (1st time)(acting)
 8 Oct 1916 - 13 Nov 1916  B.B. Sardesai (2nd time)(acting)
21 Mar 1918-af.31 May 1921 B.B. Sardesai (3rd time)
Dewan
(chief minister)
1932 - af.1946             Venkatesh V. Yargop                (b. 1891 – d. 19..)



Mohanpur

[Mohanpur state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Mohanpur Population: 15,727 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

c.1227                     Mohanpur predecessor state founded.
1811/12 - 1948             Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Malpur).
1943                       Avoided the attachment to Idar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1793 - 1795                Vacant
1795 - 1801                Hindusinhji Pratapsinhji
1801 - 18..                Salamsinhji
18.. - 1850                Raisinhji
1850 - 1875                Dolatsinhji
1875 - 1882                Umedsinhji                      (b. 1854 - d. 1882)
 6 Oct 1882 - 1916         Himmatsinhji                    (b. 1876 - d. 1916)
1882 - 1894                .... -Regent (state manager)
1916 - 1927                Takhatsinhji                    (b. 1861 - d. 19..)
18 Nov 1927 - 10 Jun 1948  Sartansinhji Takhatsinhji       (b. 1886 - d. 1955)


Morasa: see Idar


Morvi
 
[Morvi 1947-1948
                          (India)]
1947 - 15 Feb 1948
[Morvi thakurs
                          ensign to 1948 (India)]
Royal Flag to 15 Feb 1948
[Morvi Merchant
                          Flag 1921-1947 (India)]
2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Morvi
(Morbi)
Population: 141,761 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1698                       Morvi (Morbi) state founded.
1807                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.

 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
1698 - 1733                Kanyojisinghji Rawaji              (d. 1733)
1733 - 1739                Aliyaji Kanyoji                    (d. 1739)
1739 - 1764                Rawaji Aliyaji