Ghana
-
- 1663 - 1701 Royal
Africa Company Jack
|
-
- to 1870
|
-
- 1870 - 1877
|
-
- 1877 - 6 Mar 1957
-
|
-
- 6 Mar 1957 - 1 Jan
1964;
- Re-adopted 28 Feb
1966
|
-
- 1 Jan 1964 - 28 Feb
1966
|
Map
of Ghana |
Hear National Anthem
"God Bless Our
Homeland
Ghana" |
Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 1957 (lyrics 1966)
|
Constitution
(28 Apr 1992) |
Capital:
Accra
(Osu 1874-1877; Cape
Castle
1665-1874; Kormantin
Nov 1631-29 Jan 1665) |
Currency:
Ghana Cedi (GHS);
1958-1965 Ghana Pound (GHP);
1914-1958 British West African
Pound (XBAP)
|
National
Holiday: 6 Mar (1957)
Independence Day |
Population:
28,102,471
(2018) |
GDP: $134
billion (2017)
|
Exports:
$13.84 billion (2017)
Imports: $12.765
billion (2017)
|
Ethnic groups:
Akan 47.5%, Mole-Dagbon 16.6%, Ewe
13.9%, Ga-Dangme 7.4%, Gurma 5.7%,
Guan 3.7%, Grusi 2.5%, Mande-Busanga
1.1%, other 1.4% (2010)
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 15,500 (2010)
U.S. Forces: 115 (2012)
Merchant marine: 44 ships (2018)
|
Religions:
Christian 71.2%
(Pentecostal/Charismatic 28.3%,
Protestant 18.4%, Catholic
13.1%, other 11.4%), Muslim 17.6%,
traditional 5.2%, other 0.8%, none
5.2% (2010)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
AfCFTA,
AfDB, AIIB (nonregional),
APM, AU, BTWC, C, CCM, CEN-SAD, CTBT,
CWC, EBRD (applicant), ECOWAS, EITI,
ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO,
ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO,
ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT,
OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OST
(signatory), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WAMZ, WCO, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO |
Ghana
Index
|
Chronology
1471
Portuguese discover the
trade of Oro de la Mina
(Gold of the Mine), somewhere near
Elmina or
Shama.
1553
First
English trade expedition to Gold Coast
under
Thomas Windham and
Antonio Anes Pinteado.
1595
First
Dutch trading expedition to Gold
Coast.
22 Nov 1631 -
9 Apr 1651 English Gold Coast,
with Kormantin (Cormantin) chief
post, under Company of
Merchants Trading to Guinea
administration.
9 Apr 1651 - Dec
1657 English
posts under
Company of London Merchants
administration.
Dec 1657 - 10 Jan 1662
English
posts under the
East India Company
administration.
25 Mar 1663 - 27 Sep
1672 English posts under
the Company of Royal Adventurers
of England Trading into
Africa administration.
3 May
1664
English take Cape Coast Castle (at
Cabo Corso)
(from the Dutch).
29 Jan 1665
Kormantin
captured by Dutch.
27 Sep 1672 - 12 Apr
1750 Under Royal African Company
(retained legal rights
over the coast until dissolved
in Apr 1752)
administration.
1673
James Fort established at Accra by
English.
1674 - 1731
Charles Fort
established at Anomabu (Anomabo).
1691
Fort Metal Cross established at
Dixcove by English.
1 May
1707
British Gold Coast Settlements
1744 - 1753
French Fort Annamaboe at
Anomabu (taken by British
forces in Aug 1753,
renamed Fort William).
12 Apr 1750 - 7
May 1821 Company of Merchants
Trading to Africa takes over
administration.
1 Jan
1808
British
outlaw dealing and trading in African
slaves
and their transport
elsewhere declared unlawful.
7 May 1821 - 25 Jun
1828 British Gold Coast
Settlements a crown colony
(from 3 Jul 1821,
subordinated to Sierra Leone).
17 Oct 1821 - 25 Jun 1828 Gold
Coast Territory, part of West
African
Territories (see Sierra
Leone).
25 Jun 1828 - 11 Apr 1843
Under Company of Merchants
Trading to Africa
administration.
1 Aug
1834
Slavery abolished in the British
Empire (by Act of
Aug 1833).
11 Apr
1843
British Gold Coast a crown colony
(subordinated to
Sierra Leone)(by British Settlement
Act of 1843).
24 Jan
1850
Colony of the Gold Coast (a separate
colony).
30 Mar
1850
Incorporation of the former Danish
Gold Coast
settlements.
19 Feb 1866 - 24 Jul
1874 Gold Cost Territory, part
of British West African
Settlements (see Sierra
Leone).
1 Jan 1868
By convention
all Dutch forts to the east of Elmina
handed over to U.K.,
while British forts west of
Elmina handed over to the
Netherlands (signed
5 Mar 1867).
9 Apr 1872
Incorporation of former Dutch Gold
Coast
settlements (Ft. Elmina renamed Fort
St. George
d'Elmina).
24 Jul
1874
Gold Coast colony (with Lagos to 13
Jan 1886).
26 Sep 1901
Gold Coast crown
colony.
1 Jan
1902
Asante and Northern Territories
annexed
(administration under governor of Gold
Coast).
8 Jan
1951
Self-rule achieved.
6 Mar
1957
Ghana (Gold Coast colony, Ashanti
region, Northern
Territories, and
British Togoland)
becomes an
independent state.
1 May 1959 -
May 1963 Part of
the Union of Independent African
States, a
loose federation of
Ghana and Guinea (which on
1 Jul 1961, is renamed
Union of African States
with the inclusion of Mali).
1 Jul
1960
Republic of Ghana
1 Jul 1960 -
24 Feb 1966 ("First
Republic")
1 Oct 1969 -
13 Jan 1972 ("Second Republic")
24 Sep 1979 - 31 Dec
1981 ("Third Republic")
7 Jan 1993
("Fourth Republic")
|
Traditional
States
|
Ashanti
(1897-1957)
|
Northern
Territories
(1897-1957)
|
Gold Coast
Colony Region
(1945-1953)
|
British
Togoland
(1916-1956)
|
Danish
Gold Coast
(1658-1850)
|
Dutch
Gold
Coast
(1598-1871)
|
Prussian
Gold Coast
(1682-1724)
|
Portuguese
Gold
Coast
(1482-1642)
|
Swedish
Gold Coast
(1650-1663) |
|
Chief Factors of the Company of Merchants Trading
to Guinea
31 Jul 1632 – 8 Dec 1633
Arend de Groot (1st time)
1633 – 1638
John Wood
Aug 1638 – 5 Mar 1640
Timothy Mulgrave (1st time)
5 Mar 1640 – c.Sep
1641 Arend De Groot (2nd time)
c.Sep 1641 – 15 Aug 1642
Timothy Mulgrave (2nd time)
Sep 1642 – Jul 1644
.... [six
workmen names unknown]
25 Jul 1644 – 22 Oct 1644
Timothy Mulgrave (3rd time)
22 Oct 1644 – 7 Oct 1645
Francis Searle (1st time)
(d. 1646)
7 Oct 1645 – 20 Nov
1645 James Leveson (1st time)
20 Nov 1645 – Jun 1646
Timothy Mulgrave (4th time)
c.Jun 1646 – c.Sep
1646 James Leveson (2nd time)
c.Sep 1646 - 8 Nov
1646 Francis Searle (2nd time)
(s.a.)
8 Nov 1646 – c.Apr
1650 George Middleton (1st time)
c.Apr 1650 - c.Jan 1651
Thomas Crispe
c.Jan 1651 - 9 Apr
1651 George Middleton (2nd time)
Chief Factors of the Company
of London Merchants
9 Apr 1651 -
19 Feb 1654 George Middleton
19 Feb 1654 – 14 Feb 1655 John
Hulwood
14 Feb 1655 – Dec 1657
Lancelot Stavely
(b. 1623 - d. 1670)
Agents of
the East India Company
Dec 1657 - 3 Jul 1658
Lancelot Stavely
(s.a.)
3 Jul 1658 – Oct 1659
James Congett
Oct 1659 – 22 Dec 1661
Chappell
22 Dec 1661 – c.May 1662
Edmund Young
(d. 1662)
c.May 1662 - 6 Jan 1663
John Puliston (Puleston)
(d. 1663)
6 Jan 1663 – Mar 1663
Thomas Davies
Mar 1663 – 25 Mar 1663
Stephen Mitchell
(superintendent and chief manager)
Agents of
the Royal Company of Adventurers
25 Mar 1663 – c.Sep 1663
Francis Selwyn (1st time)
(d. 1665)
+ Thomas Allen (to 19 Jul 1663)
(d. 1663)
c.Sep 1663 – c.May 1664
Seven Merchants
(rotating monthly, incl. Selwyn)
c.May 1664 – 29 Jan 1665
Francis Selwyn (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(Dutch prisoner 29 Jan - 8 Feb 1665)
29 Jan 1665 – 1667
Gilbert Beavis (at Cape Coast)
1667 – 1672
Thomas Pearson
1672 - 27 Sep 1672
Abraham Holditch
(b. c.1639 - d. 1678)
Agents-general of the Royal
African Company
27 Sep 1672 – 1673
Abraham Holditch
(s.a.)
1673 – c.Jul 1676
Thomas Mellish
c.Jul 1676 – c.Aug 1677
Ralph Hodgkins
(d. 1677)
c.Aug 1677 - c.Mar 1678
William Croxton
(d.
1678)
c.Mar 1678
Factors
- Fowler Aylmer
- Arthur Harbin
- Matthias Halstead
c.Mar 1678 – 7 Dec 1680
Nathaniel Bradley
7 Dec 1680 – 3 Apr 1684
Henry Greenhill
3 Apr 1684 – 5 Jun 1684
Richard Thelwall
(d. 1685)
+ John Adams
(d. 1684)
+ Mark Bedford Whiting
(d. 1692)
+ Robert Elrves
(d.
1692)
5 Jun 1684 – 4
Jul 1687 Henry Nurse
Chief Merchants of
the Royal African Company
(three-man administration)
4 Jul 1687 - 1691
Samuel Humphreys (to
c.May 1691)
+ Rice Wight (to 16 Jun 1691)
+ John Boylston (to 19 Mar
1690) (d. 1690)
+ Robert Elrves
(s.a.)
(from c.May 1690)
1691 - 1692
Robert
Elrves (to May 1691)
(s.a.)
+ John Bloome (c.Jun 1691 – Jan 1692)
+ Mark Bedford Whiting
(s.a.)
(c.Jul 1691 to Aug 1692)
1692 - 1693
Mark Bedford
Whiting
(s.a.)
(to Aug 1692)
+ Robert Elrves
(s.a.)
(to 23 Jun 1692)
+ Joshua Platt (from Jan
1692) (d. 1695)
+ William Ronan (from
c.Jul 1692) (d. 1697)
+ John Gregory (c.Aug - Oct
1692) (d. 1692)
+ William Mellross (from Oct
1692)
1693 - 1696
Joshua Platt
(to 11 Jan 1695) (s.a.)
+ William Ronan
(s.a.)
+ William Mellross
+ Nicholas Buckeridge
(from Jan 1695)
1696 - 1697
William
Ronan
(s.a.)
+ William Mellross
+ Nicholas Buckeridge
1697 - 1698
William
Ronan (to 8 Oct 1697)
(s.a.)
+ William Mellross
+ Nicholas Buckeridge
+ William Cooper (from c.Jul 1697) (d. 1699)
+ John Brown (from c.Oct 1697)
1698 - 1699
Nicholas
Buckeridge
+ William Cooper
(s.a.)
+ John Brown
1699 - 1700
Nicholas
Buckeridge
+ William Cooper (to 3 Jan 1699) (s.a.)
+ John Brown (to c.Feb 1699)
+ Howsley Freeman (from c.Mar 1699)
+ Samuel Wallis (from c.Mar 1699)
1700 - Dec 1700
Nicholas
Buckeridge (to Sep 1700)
+ Howsley Freeman
+ Samuel Wallis
Agents-general
of the Royal African Company
Dec 1700 – bf.4 Feb 1701
Joseph Baggs
(d. 1701)
1701 - 1702
Edward Newse (to Sep
1701) (d. 1702)
+ Howsley Freeman
+ Samuel Wallis (to 1701/02)
+ Gerrard Gore (to c.Sep 1701)
(d. 1717)
+ Thomas Peck
(from c.Sep 1701)
+ William Hicks
(from c.Sep 1701)
1702 - 1703
Howsley
Freeman
+ Thomas Peck
(to c.Sep 1702)
+ William Hicks
+ Peter Dowse
(c.Sep 1702 - c.Apr 1703)
1703 - 17 Dec 1703
Howsley Freeman
(to c.Apr 1703)
+ William Hicks (to c.Apr 1703)
+ Peter Dowse (to c.Apr 1703)
+ Joseph Major (from c.Apr 1703)
+ Richard Willis (from c.Apr
1703)
+ John Bray
(c.Apr 1703 – c.Jun 1703)
+ John Snow
(c.Apr 1703 - c.Jun 1703)
+ John Brown (from c.Sep 1703)
17 Dec 1703 - 3 Jan 1711
Sir Dalby Thomas
(b.
c.1650 - d. 1711)
3 Jan 1711
– 27 Mar 1717 Seth Grosvenor (to c.Aug 1714)
+ James Phipps
(b.
c.1687 - d. 1723)
+ Robert Bleau (from May 1713)
(d. 1718)
+ Gerrard Gore
(d.
1717)
(Jul 1713 – 14 Jan
1717)
+ Randle Logan (1714)
Captains-general of
the Royal African Company
27 Mar 1717 - 14 Jun 1718
William Johnson
(d. 1718)
14 Jun 1718 - 27 Jan 1719 James
Phipps
(s.a.)
+ Walter Charles
+ John Stevenson (from c.Mar 1719)
27 Jan 1719 – 7 Apr 1719
James Deane
(d. 1719)
7 Apr 1719 – 29 Sep 1719
James Phipps
(s.a.)
+ Walter Charles (to 11 Apr 1719)
+ John Stevenson
29 Sep 1719 - c.Sep 1722 James Phipps
(s.a.)
c.Sep 1722 – Mar 1723
Henry Dodson
Mar 1723 – Apr 1726
John Tinker
(b. 1700? - d. 1758)
Apr 1726 – 8 Jun 1727
Philip Franklin
+ Walter Smith
+ Charles Ross
Chief Agents of
the Royal African Company
(three-man administration)
8 Jun 1727 - Sep 1727
Philip Franklin
+ Walter Smith (to Sep 1727)
+ Charles Ross (to Sep 1727)
Sep 1727 – 1729
Philip Franklin (to 2 Sep 1728)
+ George Breakes (to 1727)
(d. 1727)
+ John Reed (to Nov 1728)
+ Benjamin Peake (to Jul 1728)
(d. 1733)
+ Robert Cruikshank
(d.
1731)
(from 24 Jul 1728)
+ John Braithwaite
(from c.Nov 1728)
1729 - 1732
John Braithwaite (to Jun 1732)
+ Robert Cruikshank
(s.a.)
+ Benjamin Peake (from
c.May 1729)
1732 – 1734
Benjamin Peake
(to 11 Mar 1733) (s.a.)
+ William Knight
(from Jun 1732 - 1733)
+ Charles Whitaker
(Jun 1732 – 24 Feb 1733)
+ Edward Stephens
(from 18 Jan 1733)
+ Francis Gilburne Wheeler
(d. 1736)
(from c.Oct 1733)
+ William Whetstone Rogers
(d. 1735)
(from 1 Dec 1733)
1734 - 1735
Edward
Stephens
+ Francis Gilburne Wheeler
(s.a.)
+ William Whetstone Rogers
(s.a.)
(to Nov 1734)
1735 – 1736
Edward
Stephens
+ Francis Gilburne Wheeler
(s.a.)
1736 – 1737
Edward
Stephens (to 17 Dec 1736)
+ Francis Gilburne Wheeler
(s.a.)
(to 20 Jan 1736)
+ Jeremiah Tinker
(d.
1737)
(from 17 Dec 1736)
+ Thomas Essen (from 17 Dec 1736)
(d. 1737)
+ John Cope (from 17 Dec 1736)
1737 – 1738
Jeremiah
Tinker (to 26 Oct 1737) (s.a.)
+ Thomas Essen (to 9 Mar
1737) (s.a.)
+ John Cope
+ William Tymewell
(d. 1756)
(from 14 Nov 1737)
+ Thomas Melvil (from 14 Nov
1737) (d. 1756)
1738 – 1739
John
Cope
+ William Tymewell
(s.a.)
+ Thomas Melvil (to Mar 1738)
(s.a.)
+ James Hope (from c.Mar 1738)
(d. 1740)
1739 – 1740
John Cope
+ James Hope (to 27 Jul 1739)
(s.a.)
+ William Tymewell
(s.a.)
(to c.17 Jan 1739, from c.Aug 1739)
+ William Lea
(17 Jan 1739 – 2 Oct 1739)
+ Nathaniel Drybutter (from Oct
1739)
1740 – 1741
John
Cope
+ William Tymewell (to c.Aug
1740) (s.a.)
+ Nathaniel Drybutter
(to 4 May 1740)
(d. 1740)
+ Charles Bladwell (from May
1740)
+ John Castres (from 25 Aug 1740)
(d. 1741)
1741 – 1742
John
Cope (to Dec 1741)
+ John Castres (to
Aug 1741) (s.a.)
+ Bladwell (to Dec 1741)
+ David Crichton (from 25 Dec
1741)
+ Thomas Chalmer (from 25 Dec 1741)
1742 - 1743
David Crichton
+ Thomas Chalmer
+ Thomas Melvil (to c.May 1742)
(s.a.)
+ William Husbands
(d. 1758)
(from 18 Aug 1742)
1743 - 1744
David Crichton
+ William Husbands
(s.a.)
(to Dec 1743/Jan 1744)
+ Thomas Chalmer
+ James Craik (from Dec? 1743)
1744 - 1746
David Crichton
+ Thomas Chalmer
+ James Craik
1746 - 1748
David Crichton
+ Thomas Chalmer (to
c.Oct 1747)
+ James Craik
1748 - 1749
David Crichton
(to c.Feb 1748)
+ James Craik (to
c.Apr 1748)
+ Thomas Boteler (from c.Feb 1748)
1749 - 15 May 1749
Thomas Boteler
Governors of the Royal
African Company
15 May 1749 – 2 Feb 1750
Richard Stockwell
2 Feb 1750 – 12 Apr 1750
John Roberts
(d. 1781)
(president of the council)
Governors of the Committee of Merchants
12 Apr 1750 – 20 Jun 1751 John
Roberts (1st time)
(s.a.)
(president of the council to Dec 1750)
20 Jun 1751 – 23 Jan
1756 Thomas
Melvil
(s.a.)
(president of the council to Feb
1752)
23 Jan 1756 - 10 Feb 1756
William
Tymewell
(s.a.)
17 Feb 1756 - 15 Oct
1757 Charles Bell (1st time)(interim)
(d. 1785)
15 Oct 1757 - 10 May
1761 Nassau Senior (acting)
10 May 1761 - 15 Aug
1763 Charles Bell (2nd time)
(s.a.)
15 Aug 1763 - 1 Mar
1766 William Mutter
1 Mar 1766 - 11 Aug
1766 John Hippisley (Hippersley)
(b. 1729? - d.
1766)
11 Aug 1766 - 21 Apr
1769 Gilbert Petrie
(b.
1720 - d. 1807)
21 Apr 1769 - 11 Aug
1770 John Grosle (Grossle)
(d. 1770)
11 Aug 1770 - 20 Jan
1777 David
Mill
(d. 1777?)
20 Jan 1777 - 25 Mar
1780 Richard Miles (1st time)(interim)
25 Mar 1780 - 20 May
1781 John Roberts (2nd time)
(s.a.)
20 May 1781 - 29 Apr
1782 Jerome Bernard Weuves
(acting) (d. 1794)
29 Apr 1782 - 29 Jan
1784 Richard Miles (2nd time)
29 Jan 1784 - 24 Jan
1787 James Morgue
24 Jan 1787 - 27 Apr
1787 Thomas Price
(d.
1787)
27 Apr 1787 - 20 Jun
1789 Thomas Norris
20 Jun 1789 - 15 Nov
1791 William Field (Fielde)
15 Nov 1791 - 31 Mar 1792 John Gordon (1st time)
(interim)
31 Mar 1792 - 16 Dec
1798 Archibald Dalzel (1st
time) (b. 1740 - d.
1811)
16 Dec 1798 - 4 Jan
1799 Jacob Mould (1st time)
4 Jan 1799 - 28 Apr
1800 John Gordon (2nd time) (interim)
28 Apr 1800 - 30 Sep
1802 Archibald Dalzel (2nd time)
(s.a.)
30 Sep 1802 - 8 Feb
1805 Jacob Mould (2nd time)
8 Feb 1805 - 4
Dec 1807 George Torrane
(b.
17.. - d. 1807)
4 Dec 1807 - 21 Apr
1816 Edward William White
(d. 1816)
21 Apr 1816 - 12 Jan
1817 Joseph Dawson (interim)
12 Jan 1817 - 27 Mar
1822 John Hope
Smith
(b. 1786 - d. 1831)
Governors
27 Mar 1822 - 17 May
1822 Sir Charles MacCarthy (1st time)
(b. 1768 - d. 1824)
17 May 1822 - 28 Nov
1822 James Chisholm -Commandant
(d. 1824)
(1st time)
28 Nov 1822 - 21 Jan
1824 Sir Charles MacCarthy (2nd time)
(s.a.)
21 Jan 1824 - 17 Oct
1824 James Chisholm (2nd time)
(s.a.)
17 Oct 1824 - 22 Mar
1825 Edward Purdon -Commandant
22 Mar 1825 - 7 Mar
1826 Charles
Turner
(b. 1773? - d. 1826)
8 Mar 1826 - 18 May 1826 Kenneth
Macaulay
(acting)
(b. 1792 - d. 1829)
18 May 1826 - 15 Nov 1826 Sir Neil
Campbell
(b. 1776 - d. 1827)
15 Nov 1826 - 11 Oct
1827 Henry John Ricketts -Commandant
(b. 1787 - d. 1838)
(1st
time)
11 Oct 1827 - 10 Mar
1828 Hugh Lumley (acting)
(d. 1828)
(lieutenant governor)
10 Mar 1828 - 5 Jun
1828 James (George) Hingston -Commandant
5 Jun 1828 - 25 Jun
1828 Henry John Ricketts -Commandant
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
Presidents of the
Council of the Committee of Merchants
25 Jun 1828 - 15 Feb
1830 John Jackson
15 Feb 1830 - 26 Jun
1836 George Maclean (1st
time)
(b. 1801 - d. 1847)
26 Jun 1836 - 15 Aug
1838 William Topp (interim)
15 Aug 1838 - 6 Mar
1843 George Maclean (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lieutenant
governors
6 Mar 1843 - 8 Mar 1845 Henry
Worsley Hill
(b. 1799 - d. 1868)
8 Mar 1845 - 15 Apr 1846 James Lilley
(Lelley)(acting)
15 Apr 1846 - 31 Jan 1849
William Winniett (1st time)
(b. 1793 - d. 1850)
31 Jan 1849 - 13 Jan
1850 James Coleman
Fitzpatrick
(b. 1816 - d. 1880)
(1st time)
Governor
13 Jan 1850 - 4 Dec 1850
Sir William Winniett (2nd time) (s.a.)
Lieutenant governor
4 Dec 1850 - 14 Oct 1851 James Bannerman
(b. 1790 - d. 1858)
Governor
14 Oct 1851 - 7 Jun
1853 Stephen John Hill (1st
time) (b. 1809 - d.
1891)
Lieutenant governors
7 Jun 1853 - 27 Aug 1853 James
Coleman
Fitzpatrick
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
27 Aug 1853 - 16 Jan
1854 Brodie G. Cruickshank (acting)
(b. 1814 - d. 1854)
Governors
and Commanders-in-chief
16 Jan 1854 - 13 Dec
1854 Stephen John Hill (2nd
time) (s.a.)
13 Dec 1854 - 23 Mar
1857 Henry Connor (acting)
(b. 1817 -
d. 1890)
23 Mar 1857 - 12 May
1858 Sir Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine (b. 1809 -
d. 1891)
12 May 1858 - 20 Apr
1860 Henry Bird (acting)
20 Apr 1860 - 14 Apr
1862 Edward Bullock Andrews
14 Apr 1862 - 20 Oct
1862 William A. Ross (acting)
20 Oct 1862 - 5 Apr 1864
Richard Pine (1st time)
5 Apr 1864 - l Jul 1864 Sir
William Hackett (acting) (b. 1824 -
d. 1877)
1 Jul 1864 - 13 Apr 1865 Sir
Richard Pine (2nd time)
Jan 1865 - Mar 1865
Harry St. George Ord
(b.
1819 - d. 1885)
(special commissioner)
13 Apr 1865 - 3 Jun 1865 Rokeby Steele
Wilkinson Jones (d. 1865)
(acting)
3 Jun 1865 - 19 Aug 1865
William Elliot Mockler (acting) (b.
1817 - d. 1874)
19 Aug 1865 - 19 Feb
1866 Edward Conran (acting)
Administrators-in-chief
19 Feb 1866 - 9 Feb 1867 Edward
Conran (acting)
9 Feb 1867 - 8 Aug 1868
Herbert Taylor Ussher (1st time) (b. 1836 -
d. 1880)
(acting to 20 Jul 1867)
8 Aug 1868 - 3 Nov 1869 William
Henry Simpson (acting)
(b. 1830 - d. 1872)
3 Nov 1869 - 18 Jul 1871
Herbert Taylor Ussher (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Jul 1871 - 3 Mar 1872 Charles
Spencer Salmon (1st time) (b. 1832 - d. 1896)
(acting)
3 Mar 1872 - 18 May 1872
Herbert Taylor Ussher (3rd time) (s.a.)
18 May 1872 - 23 Nov 1872 Charles Spencer
Salmon (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
23 Nov 1872 - 2 Oct 1873
Robert William Harley
(b. 1829 - d. 1892)
2 Oct 1873 - 4 Mar 1874 Sir Garnet
Joseph
Wolseley
(b. 1833 - d. 1913)
4 Mar 1874 - 30 Mar
1874 James Maxwell (acting)
30 Mar 1874 - 25 Jun
1874 Charles Cameron Lees (1st
time) (b. 1831 - d. 1898)
(acting)
25 Jun 1874 - 25 Jul
1874 George Cumine Strahan (acting)
(b. 1838 - d. 1889)
Governors and
Commanders-in-chief
25 Jul 1874 - 7 Apr
1876 George Cumine
Strahan
(s.a.)
7 Apr 1876 - 30 Nov
1876 Charles Cameron
Lees
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
30 Nov 1876 - 13 May
1878 Sanford
Freeling
(b. 1828 - d. 1894)
(acting to 5 Jun 1877)
13 May 1878 - 30 Jun
1879 Charles Cameron
Lees
(s.a.)
(3rd time) (acting)
1 Jul 1879 - 1 Dec 1880
Herbert Taylor Ussher (4th time) (s.a.)
1 Dec 1880 - 4
Mar 1881 William Brandford
Griffith
(b. 1821 - d. 1897)
(1st time)(acting)
4 Mar 1881 - 13 May
1882 Sir Samuel Rowe (1st
time)
(b. 1835 - d. 1888)
13 May 1882 - 4 Oct
1882 Cornelius Alfred Moloney (acting)
(b. 1848 - d. 1913)
4 Oct 1882 - 24 Dec
1882 William Brandford
Griffith
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
24 Dec 1882 - 29 Apr
1884 Sir Samuel Rowe (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
29 Apr 1884 - 24 Apr
1885 William Alexander George Young
(b. c.1827 - d. 1885)
24 Apr 1885 - 11 Apr
1887 William Brandford
Griffith
(s.a.)
(from 24 May 1887, Sir William Brandford Griffith)
(3rd
time)
11 Apr 1887 - 26 Nov
1887 Frederick Benjamin Price
White (b. 1844? - d. 1909)
(acting)
26 Nov 1887 - 30 Jun
1889 Sir William Brandford
Griffith (s.a.)
(4th time)
30 Jun 1889 - 18 Feb
1890 Frederic Mitchell
Hodgson
(b. 1851 - d. 1925)
(1st time) (acting)
18 Feb 1890 - 12 Jun
1891 Sir William Brandford
Griffith (s.a.)
(5th time)
12 Jun 1891 - 24 Nov
1891 Frederic Mitchell
Hodgson
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
24 Nov 1891 - 12 Aug
1893 Sir William Brandford
Griffith (s.a.)
(6th time)
12 Aug 1893 - 7 Mar
1894 Frederic Mitchell
Hodgson
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
7 Mar 1894 - 7
Apr 1895 Sir William Brandford
Griffith (s.a.)
(7th time)
7 Apr 1895 - 19 Apr
1896 William Edward Maxwell (1st time) (b.
1846 - d. 1897)
(from 10 Apr 1896, Sir William Edward Maxwell)
19 Apr 1896 - 23 Oct
1896 Frederic Mitchell
Hodgson
(s.a.)
(4th time) (acting)
23 Oct 1896 - 6 Dec
1897 Sir William Edward
Maxwell
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
6 Dec 1897 - 27
Dec 1898 Frederic Mitchell
Hodgson
(s.a.)
(5th time)(acting to 29 May 1898)
27 Dec 1898 - 13 Jul
1899 William Low (1st time)(acting)
13 Jul 1899 - 29 Aug 1900
Frederic Mitchell
Hodgson
(s.a.)
(6th time)
29 Aug 1900 - 17 Dec 1900 William Low (2nd
time)(acting)
17 Dec 1900 - 9 Feb
1904 Sir Matthew Nathan (1st time)
(b. 1862 - d. 1939)
30 Jul 1902 – 20 Dec
1902 Leonard Robert Sunkersett Arthur
(b. 1864 - d. 1903)
(acting)
30 Dec 1902 - 9 Feb 1904 Sir
Matthew Nathan (2nd time)
(s.a.)
9 Feb 1904 - 3 Mar 1904 Herbert
Bryan (1st time)(acting) (b. 1865 - d. 1950)
3 Mar 1904 - 1
Sep 1910 John Pickersgill Rodger (1st time) (b.
1851 - d. 1910)
(from 9 Nov 1904, Sir John Pickersgill
Rodger)
10 May 1905 - 12 Nov
1905 Herbert Bryan (2nd
time)(acting) (s.a.)
12
Nov 1905 -
2 Apr 1906 Sir John Pickersgill
Rodger
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
2 Apr 1906 - 2 Sep 1906
Herbert Bryan (3rd
time)(acting) (s.a.)
2 Sep 1906 -
9 Oct 1907 Sir John Pickersgill
Rodger
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
9 Oct 1907 - 28 Mar 1908 Herbert
Bryan (4th time)(acting)
(s.a.)
28 Mar 1908 -
30 Mar 1909 Sir John Pickersgill
Rodger
(s.a.)
(4th time)
30 Mar 1909 - 29 Aug 1909 Herbert Bryan (5th
time)(acting) (s.a.)
29 Aug 1909 - 1 Sep
1910 Sir John Pickersgill
Rodger
(s.a.)
(5th time)
1 Sep 1910 - 20 Nov 1910
Herbert Bryan (6th time)(acting) (s.a.)
21 Nov 1910 - 29 Jun
1912 James Jamieson Thorburn (1st time) (b. 1864 -
d. 1929)
5 Feb 1911 - 16 Jun 1911 Herbert
Bryan (7th time) (acting) (s.a.)
16 Jun 1911 - 29 Jun 1912
James Jamieson Thorburn (2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Jun 1912 - 26 Dec 1912 Herbert Bryan (8th
time) (acting) (s.a.)
26 Dec 1912 - 1
May 1914 Sir Hugh Charles
Clifford
(b. 1866 - d. 1941)
(1st time)
1 May 1914 - 27 Aug 1914 William
Charles Fleming Robertson (b. 1867 - d. 1937)
(acting)
27 Aug 1914 - 5
May 1915 Sir Hugh Charles Clifford
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
5 May 1915 - 16 Nov 1915 Alexander
Ransford Slater (b.
1874 - d. 1940)
(1st
time)(acting)
16 Nov 1915 - 18
Nov 1916 Sir Hugh Charles
Clifford
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
18 Nov 1916 - 23 Apr 1917 Alexander Ransford
Slater (s.a.)
(2nd
time)(acting)
23 Apr 1917 - 1 Apr 1919
Sir Hugh Charles
Clifford
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1 Apr 1919 - 8 Oct 1919
Alexander Ransford
Slater
(s.a.)
(3rd time) (acting)
9 Oct 1919 -
2 Jun 1920 Frederick Gordon
Guggisberg (b.
1869 - d. 1930)
(1st time)
2 Jun 1920 - 6 Oct 1920 Alexander
Ransford
Slater
(s.a.)
(4th time) (acting)
6 Oct 1920 - 11
Jul 1921 Frederick Gordon
Guggisberg
(s.a.)
(from 1 Jan 1922, Sir Frederick Gordon
Guggisberg)
(2nd time)
11 Jul 1921 - 12 Dec 1921 Reginald Warren Hale
Wilkinson (b. 1882 - d. 1973)
(acting)
12 Dec 1921 - 17 Aug 1923 Sir Frederick
Gordon Guggisberg (s.a.)
(3rd time)
17 Aug 1923 - 17 Aug 1923
James Crawford Maxwell (1st time) (b. 1869 - d.
1932)
(acting)
17 Aug 1923 - 31
Mar 1924 Sir
Frederick Gordon Guggisberg (s.a.)
(4th time)
31 Mar 1924 - 1 Sep 1924 James
Crawford Maxwell (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1 Sep 1924 - 6
Jul 1925 Sir
Frederick Gordon Guggisberg
(s.a.)
(5th time)
6 Jul 1925 - 10 Nov 1925
Sir James Crawford Maxwell
(s.a.)
(3rd
time)(acting)
10 Nov 1925 - 11
Apr 1926
Sir Frederick Gordon
Guggisberg (s.a.)
(6th time)
11 Apr 1926 - 27 Sep
1926 Sir James Crawford Maxwell
(s.a.)
(5th
time)(acting)
27 Sep 1926 - 24 Apr 1927 Sir Frederick Gordon
Guggisberg (s.a.)
(7th time)
24 Apr 1927 - 5 Jun 1927 Sir James
Crawford Maxwell (s.a.)
(5th time)(acting)
5 Jun 1927 - 19 Jul 1927 John Maxwell
(acting)
(b.
1875 - d. 1946)
19 Jul 1927 - 18 Apr 1930 Sir Alexander Ransford
Slater (s.a.)
(5th time)
18 Apr 1930 - 22 Sep 1930 George Cornibert du
Boulay (b. 1883 - d. 1951)
(1st
time) (acting)
22 Sep 1930 - 8 Dec 1931 Sir
Alexander Ransford
Slater (s.a.)
(3rd time)
8 Dec 1931 - 14 Dec 1931 George
Cornibert du Boulay
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
14 Dec 1931 - 5 Apr 1932 Sir
Alexander Ransford
Slater (s.a.)
(4th time)
5 Apr 1932 - 29 Nov 1932 Geoffrey
Alexander
Stafford (b.
1881 - d. 1948)
Northcote (1st time) (acting)
30 Nov 1932 - 13 May 1934 Sir Shenton Whitelegge
Thomas (b. 1879 - d. 1962)
13 May 1934 - 23 Oct 1934 Geoffrey Alexander
Stafford
(s.a.)
Northcote (2nd time)(acting)
24 Oct 1934 - 24 Oct 1941 Sir Arnold Wienholt
Hodson (b. 1881 -
d. 1944)
24 Oct 1941 - 29 Jun 1942 George Ernest London
(1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 1957)
(acting)
29 Jun 1942 - 2 Aug 1947 Sir Alan Cuthbert
Maxwell Burns (b. 1887 - d. 1980)
2 Aug 1947 - 12 Jan 1948 George Ernest
London (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
12 Jan 1948 - 15 Feb 1949 Sir Gerald Hallen
Creasy
(b. 1897 - d. 1983)
15 Feb 1949 - 28 Mar 1949 Sir Robert Scott (1st
time) (b. 1903
- d. 1968)
(acting)
28 Mar 1949 - 11 Jun 1949 Thorleif Rattray Orde
Mangin (b. 1896 - d.
1950)
(from 9 Jun 1949, Sir Thorleif Rattray Orde Mangin)
(acting)
11 Jun 1949 - 11 Aug 1949 Sir Robert Scott (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
11 Aug 1949 - 6 Mar 1957 Sir Charles Noble
Arden Arden- (b. 1898 - d. 1962)
Clarke
(Charles Nobel Arden Clarke to 6 Jul 1949)
Queen¹
6 Mar 1957 - 1 Jul 1960 the Queen
of the United Kingdom
Governors-general (representing the British
monarch as head of state)
6 Mar 1957 - 15 May 1957 Sir Charles Noble
Arden Arden- (s.a.)
Clarke
15 May 1957 - 13 Nov 1957 Sir Kobina Arku Korsah
(acting) (b. 1894 - d. 1967)
13 Nov 1957 - 30 Jun 1960 William Francis Hare,
Earl of (b. 1906 - d. 1997)
Listowel, Viscount Ennismore and Listowel,
in the
county of Kerry, Baron Ennismore,
in the county of Kerry, Baron Hare,
of Connamore, in the county of Cork
President
1 Jul 1960 - 24 Feb 1966 Kwame Nkrumah
(b. 1909 - d. 1972) CPP
(= Francis Nwia-Kofi Ngonloma)
Chairmen of the National Liberation Council
24 Feb 1966 - 2 Apr 1969 Joseph Arthur
Ankrah
(b. 1915 - d. 1992) Mil
2 Apr 1969 - 3 Sep 1969 Okatakyie
Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa (b. 1936 - d. 1979)
Mil
Chairman of the Presidential Commission
3 Sep 1969 - 7 Aug 1970 Okatakyie
Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa (s.a.)
Mil
Presidents
7 Aug 1970 - 31 Aug 1970 Raphael Nii Amaa
Ollennu (acting) (b. 1906 - d. 1986)
Non-party
31 Aug 1970 - 13 Jan 1972 Edward Akufo-Addo
(b. 1906 - d. 1979) Non-party
Chairman of the National Redemption Council (and from
18 Apr 1972, Head of State)
13 Jan 1972 - 18 Apr 1972
Ignatius Kutu Kwasi Acheampong (b. 1931 -
d. 1979) Mil
Head of State and Chairman of the National Redemption
Council
18 Apr 1972 - 9 Oct 1975 Ignatius
Kutu Kwasi Acheampong (s.a.)
Mil
Heads of State and Chairmen of the Supreme Military
Council
9 Oct 1975 - 5 Jul 1978 Ignatius Kutu
Kwasi Acheampong (s.a.)
Mil
5 Jul 1978 - 4 Jun 1979 Frederick
"Fred" William Kwasi (b. 1937 -
d. 1979) Mil
Akuffo
Chairman of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
4 Jun 1979 - 24 Sep 1979 Jerry John Kwasi
Rawlings (b. 1947 - d.
2020) Mil
(= Jeremiah Rawlings John)
President
24 Sep 1979 - 31 Dec 1981 Hilla Limann (= Hilla
Babini) (b. 1934 - d. 1998)
PNP
Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council
31 Dec 1981 - 7 Jan 1993 Jerry John Kwasi
Rawlings
(s.a.)
Mil
Presidents
7 Jan 1993 - 7 Jan 2001
Jerry John Kwasi Rawlings
(s.a.)
NDC
7 Jan 2001 - 7 Jan 2009 John Kofi
Agyekum Kufuor
(b.
1938)
NPP
7 Jan 2009 - 24 Jul 2012 John Evans Atta
Mills
(b. 1944 - d. 2012) NDC
24 Jul 2012 - 7 Jan 2017 John Dramani Mahama
(b. 1958) NDC
7 Jan 2017
-
Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo
(b.
1944)
NPP
Leader of Government Business
28 Feb 1951 - 21 Mar 1952 Kwame Nkrumah
(s.a.)
CPP
Prime ministers
21 Mar 1952 - 30 Jun
1960 Kwame Nkrumah
(s.a.)
CPP
1 Jul 1960 - 3
Sep 1969 Post abolished
3 Sep 1969 - 13 Jan
1972 Kofi Abrefa
Busia
(b. 1913 - d. 1978) PP
13 Jan
1972
Post abolished
¹Full style:
(a) 6 Mar 1957 - 27 Jul 1957: "By the
Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories
Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith";
(b) 27 Jul 1957 - 30 Jun 1960: "Queen
of Ghana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head
of the Commonwealth."
Territorial Disputes: Disputed
maritime border between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.
Party abbreviations: NDC
= National Democratic Congress (social-democratic,
center-left, est.28 Jul 1992); NPP
= New Patriotic Party (liberal conservative,
center-right, est.1992); Mil =
Military;
- Former parties: CPP
= Convention People's Party (socialist, Nkrumaist,
pan-African, Feb
1964-Feb 1966 only legal party, 12 Jun
1949-Feb 1966); PNP
= People's National Party (socialist, Nkrumaist,
pan-African, 1979-31 Dec 1981);
PP = Progress Party (1969-1972)
Ashanti
1916 - 1957
|
Capital: Kumasi
|
Population: 578,702
(1931)
|
27 Aug
1896
Asanteman Confederation (see Asanteman under Ghana Traditional
States)
a British protectorate of Ashanti.
1 Jan
1902
Ashanti Colony (subordinated to the governors of the
Gold Coast),
by order dated 26 Sep 1901.
29 Mar
1946
Chief commissioner is made a member of the Gold Cost
Legislative
Council, and in 1951 Ashanti members enter the
legislative
assembly.
1953
Ashanti Region, within Gold Coast.
Jan 1957 - Mar 1959
Regional Assembly of Ashanti Region created in an
attempt to
establish devolved regional administration
(devolution not
effected).
6 Mar
1957
Integrated into independent Ghana.
British Residents
27 Aug 1896 -
1899
Donald William Stewart (1st time) (b. 1860 - d.
1905)
1899 -
1900
Wilfred Bennett Davidson-Houston (b. 1870 - d.
1960)
(acting)
1900 -
1901
Cecil Hamilton Armitage (acting) (b. 1869 - d.
1933)
1901 -
1902
Donald William Stewart (2nd time) (s.a.)
Chief Commissioners of
Ashanti
1902 -
1904
Sir Donald William
Stewart
(s.a.)
1905 -
1920
Sir Francis Bernard Dudley Fuller (b. 1866 - d.
1944)
1920 -
1923
Charles H. Harper
(b. 1876 - d. 1950)
1923 -
1930
John
Maxwell
(b. 1875
- d. 1946)
1930 -
1933
Harry Scott
Newlands
(b. 1884 - d. 1933)
1933 -
1936
Francis Walter Fillon Jackson (b. 1881
- d. 1936)
1936 -
1941
Hubert Craddock Stevenson
(b. 1888 - d. 1971)
1941 -
1946
Sir Edward Gerald
Hawkesworth (b. 1897 - d.
1949)
1946 -
1950
Charles Owen Butler
(b. 1896 - d. 1968)
1950 - 1953
William Hugh Beeton
(b. 1903 - d. 1976)
Chief Regional Officers of the Ashanti
Region
1953 – 1954
William Hugh
Beeton
(s.a.)
1954 -
1955
Arthur John Loveridge
(b. 1904 - d. 1975)
1956 - 1957
Arthur Colin Russell
(b. 1906 -
d. 2003)
Northern Territories of
the Gold Coast
1897 - 1957
|
Capital: Tamale
(Gambaga 1897-1907)
|
Population: 866,503
(1948)
|
15 Oct 1897
Northern Territories Military
Protectorate (areas north
of Ashanti proper) organized as a dependency
of Gold Coast.
26 Sep 1901
Northern Territories of the Gold Coast
(subordinated to the
governors of the Gold Coast).
29 Mar
1946
Chief commissioner is made a member of the Gold Cost
Legislative
Council, and in 1951 Northern members
enter legislative assembly.
1953
Northern Territories Region, within Gold Coast.
Jan 1957 - Mar 1959
Regional Assembly of Northern Region created in an
attempt to
establish a devolved regional
administration (devolution not
effected).
6 Mar
1957
Integrated into independent Ghana.
Chief Commissioners
Oct 1897 - 1899
Henry Ponting
Northcott
(b. 1856 - d. 1899)
(commissioner and
commandant)
1899
Sir Edwin Arney
Speed
(b. 1869 - d. 1941)
(district officer)
1899 -
1904
Sir Arthur Henry Morris
(b. 1861 - d. 1939)
1904 - 1910
Alan Edward Garrard
Watherston (b. 1867 - d.
1910)
1910 -
1920
Cecil Hamilton
Armitage
(b. 1869 - d. 1933)
1920 -
1924
Arthur James Philbrick
(b. 1866 - d. 1941)
1924 - 1929
Arthur Henry Chamberlain Walker (b.
1871 - d. 19..)
Leigh
Dec 1929 - Jan
1930 Angus Colin Duncan-Johnstone
(b. 1889 - d. 1972)
(acting)
1930 -
1933
Francis Walter Fillon
Jackson (b. 1881 -
d. 1936)
1933 -
1942
William John Andrew Jones
(b. 1889 - d. 1971)
1942 -
1946
George Edward Gibbs
1946 -
1948
William Harold
Ingrams
(b. 1897 - d. 1973)
1948 -
1950
Edward Norton Jones
(b. 1902 - d. 1983)
1950 -
1953
Geoffrey Noel Burden
(b. 1898 - d. 1990)
Chief Regional Officers
1953 -
1954
Arthur John Loveridge
(b. 1904 - d.
1975)
1954 -
1957
Sydney MacDonald-Smith
(b. 1908 - d. 1994)
Gold Coast Colony Region
1945 - 1957
|
Capital: Accra
(1953-57 Eastern Region:
Koforidua; Western Region:
Cape Coast)
|
Population: 1,860,150
(1948)
|
1945
Gold Coast Colony Region (covering Gold Coast colony,
south
of Ashanti along the coast) created as
a separate
region within Gold Coast.
1953
Separate unit dissolved, divided into Eastern and
Western
Regions, with city of Accra remaining under the central
government.
Jan 1957 - Mar 1959
Regional Assemblies of Eastern and Western
Regions created in
an attempt to establish devolved regional
administrations
(devolution not
effected).
6 Mar
1957
Integrated into independent Ghana.
Chief Commissioners
1945 -
1950
Thorleif Rattray Orde
Mangin (b. 1896 -
d. 1950)
1950 -
1953
Arthur John Loveridge
(b. 1912 - d. 1994)
Regional Officers of Eastern Region
195. - 14 Sep 1955 D.P.
Hardy
21 Sep 1955 - 1957? R.E.
Walker
Regional Officer of Western Region
bf.1955 - 1957
William Brian
Smith
(b. 1905 - d. ....)
Senior Government Agent, Accra
bf.1955 - 1957
R.K.
Talbot
(b. 1910 - d. ....)
British Togoland
1916 - 1920, 1923 - 1957
|
27 Dec 1916
British zone
established in the British and French occupied
former German Togo (see Togo).
27 Dec 1916 - 30 Sep 1920 Under direct
administration of Gold Coast colony (see Ghana).
20 Jul
1922
League of Nations mandate (British Togoland).
11 Oct
1923
Under direct administration of Gold Coast colony (see Ghana).
13 Dec
1946
United Nations trust territory.
1 Jun 1952
Renamed Trans-Volta/Togoland Region.
9 May 1956
In
plebiscite 58% vote for union with Gold Coast.
Jan 1957 – Mar 1959
Regional Assembly of
Trans-Volta/Togoland Region created in an
attempt to establish devolved regional
administration
(devolution not effected).
6 Mar 1957
Part of independent Ghana.
25 Sep
2020
Western Togoland (Trans-Volta) region declared sovereign
by
Western Togoland Restoration Front (not
recognized by Ghana).
Administrators
27 Dec 1916 - 30
Sep 1920 the governors of Gold
Coast
(see Ghana)
30 Sep 1920 - 11 Oct 1923 Francis Walter
Fillon Jackson (b. 1881 - d.
1936)
11 Oct 1923 - 6 Mar 1957 the
governors of Gold Coast
(see Ghana)
Senior Political Officer
Jul 1919 - 1920
Francis Walter Fillon
Jackson (s.a.)
Regional Officers
1952 - 1955
George
Evelyn Sinclair
(b. 1912 - d. 2005)
1955 - 1957
Thomas
Alexander Mead
(b. 1913 - d. 2005)
Danish Gold Coast
(Danish Guinea)
Capital: Fort Christiansborg
(Fort Fredriksborg 1658-1685,
1693-1694)
|
Population: 3,000 (1822)
|
1658
Danish Gold Coast Settlements (Danske
Guldkyst) established
on the eastern Gold Coast (Ft. Fredensborg
[Ningo: 1734-
Mar
1850], Ft. Christiansborg [Accra/Osu: 1658-Apr
1659,
1661-2 Dec 1680, Feb 1683-1693, May 1694-1850],
Ft. Augustaborg
[Teshe: 1787-Mar 1850], Ft. Prinsensten [Keta:
1780-12 Mar 1850],
Ft.
Kongensten [Ada: 1784-Mar 1850], Ft. Carlsborg
[Cape Castle:
27 Jan 1658-16 Apr 1659], Cong Heights [Cong:
1659-24 Apr
1661],
Ft. Fredriksborg [Amanful or Amanfro:
1659-16 Apr 1685],
Frederiksberg [Kpomkpo: 1788-?], Gemoree/Jumoree
[location
unknown
1658-?], and Tacaray [Sekondi-Takoradi: 1658-Apr
1659]),
also called Danish Guinea (Dansk
Guinea).
Mar 1659 - 11 Mar 1671
Under Danish Africa Company administration.
20 Apr
1663
Danes seize last of Sweden's Gold Coast
settlements
(Ft. Christiansborg and Carlsborg [Cape Castle]).
11 Mar 1671 -
1754 Under
Danish West India–Guinea Company (Det
Vestindisk-Guineisk
Kompagni) administration.
2 Dec 1680 - 29 Aug 1682
Portuguese occupy Ft. Christiansborg.
1684 - 1688
English occupy Ft. Fredriksborg.
1693 - May 1694
Native occupy Ft.
Christiansborg.
1754 - 18 Mar 1765
Danish crown colony.
18 Mar 1765 -
Aug 1775 Under The Guinean
Company (Det Guineiske Kompagni)
administration
(company formally dissolved 22 Nov 1776).
Aug 1775
Danish crown
colony.
1782 -
1785
British occupation.
1 Jan 1803
Denmark outlaws the Atlantic slave trade (royal decree
16 Mar
1792).
5 Jun 1849
Denmark agrees to sell all
settlements to U.K.
30 Mar
1850
Danish Gold Coast Settlements sold to U.K. and
incorporated into the Gold Coast.
Opperhoveds (Station Chiefs)
28 Jan 1658 - 1658
Heinrich Karloff (Henrik
Carloff) (b. 1621/22 - d. c.1694)
1658 - 16 Apr 1659
Samuel Schmidt (Smidt) (acting)
17 Apr 1659 - 6 Jun
1662 Jost Cramer
(d. 1662)
7 Jun 1662 - Jun 1668
Henning Albrecht (Henri Halbreckhe)
(acting to 10 Sep 1664)
Jun 1668 - 23 Jan 1674
Bartholomaeus von Gronstein
(d. 1674)
(von Grünenstein) -Governor
(acting to 20 Jan 1670)
24 Jan 1674 - 1677
Conrad Crull -Governor
(d.
c.1679)
1677 - 2 Feb 1681
Peter With (acting)
Dec 1680 - 29 Aug 1682
Julian de Campo Baretto
(Portuguese Captain-major at Ft. Christiansborg)
2 Feb 1681 - 21 Apr 1681
Magnus Pranger (Prang) -Governor (d.
1681)
22 Apr 1681 - 2 May 1681
Conrad Busch (acting)
2 May 1681 - 19 Sep 1687
Hans Lykke (Lücke)
(d. 1687)
19 Sep 1687 -
1688
Peter Hofman
1688 - 5 Jan 1691
Nicolai Fensman (1st time)
5 Jan 1691 - Jul 1692
Jörgen Meyer
Jul 1692 - 8 Sep 1692
Nicolai Fensman (2nd time)(acting)
8 Sep 1692 - 1693
Harding
Petersen
1693 - May
1694
Assamaeni
(in rebellion, in Christiansborg)
May 1694 - 1698
Thomas Jacobsen
1698
Erik
Tylleman
(d. 1698)
10 Jun 1698 - 23 Dec 1698 Erik
Oehlsen Lygaard (1st time) (b. 16.. -
d. 1711)
(acting)
23 Dec 1698 - 31 Aug 1703 Johan Tranne
(John Trawne)
(b. 16.. - d. 1703)
11 Sep 1703 - 23 Apr 1704
Hartvig
Meyer
(b. 16.. - d. 1704)
23 Apr 1704 - 5 May 1705
Peter Sverdrup
(acting)
(b. 16.. - d. 1705)
5 May 1705 - 25 May 1705
Peder Pedersen Todbjerg (acting)
(b. 16.. - d. 1709)
25 May 1705 - 17 Aug 1711 Erik
Oehlsen Lygaard (2nd time)
(s.a.)
17 Aug 1711 - 25 Nov 1717 Franz
Boye
(b. 16.. - d. 1717)
25 Nov 1717 - 6 Aug 1720
Knud
Røst
(b. 16.. - d. 1720)
6 Aug 1720 - 24 Jan 1722
Peter
Østrup
(d. 1722)
25 Jan 1722 - 22 Jan 1723 Niels
Jensen
Østrup
(d. 1724)
22 Jan 1723 - 27 Apr 1724 Christian
Andreas Syndermann
(d. 1727)
27 Apr 1724 - 1 Mar 1727
Hendrik von
Suhm
(d. 1727)
4 Mar 1727 - 18 Sep 1727
Fred
Pahl
(d. 1727)
18 Sep 1727 - 24 Dec 1728
Andreas
Willumsen
(d. 1728)
24 Dec 1728 - 12 Aug 1735 Anders
Pedersen Waerøe
12 Aug 1735 - 14 Jun 1736
Severin
Schilderup
(d. 1736)
14 Jun 1736 - 20 Jun 1740
Enevold Nielson
Boris
(d. 1740)
20 Jun 1740 - 26 May 1743 Peter
Nikolaj
Jørgensen
(d. 1743)
26 May 1743 - 3 Feb 1744
Christian Glob
Dorph
(d. 1744)
3 Feb 1744 - 11 Mar 1745
Jørgen
Billsen
(d. 1745)
11 Mar 1745 - 23 Mar 1745 Thomas
Brock
(d. 1745)
23 Mar 1745 - 23 Apr 1745 Johan
Wilder
(d. 1745)
23 Apr 1745 - 21 Jun 1746 August
Frederik Hackenberg (acting)
21 Jun 1746 - 6 Mar 1751
Joost Platfusz
6 Mar 1751 - 8 Mar
1751 Magnus Christopher
Lützow
(d. 1751)
8 Mar 1751 - 21 Jul 1752
Magnus Hacksen
(acting)
(d. 1752)
21 Jul 1752 - 11 Mar 1757 Carl
Engman
11 Mar 1757 - 14 Feb 1762
Christian
Jessen
(d. 1768)
14 Feb 1762 - 20 Oct 1766 Carl
Gottlieb
Resch
(d. 1768)
Governors
20 Oct 1766 - 11 Jan 1768
Christian
Tychsen
(d. 1768)
11 Jan 1768 - 2 Jul 1769
Frantz Joachim
Kühberg
(d. 1769)
2 Jul 1769 - 11 Jun 1770
Joachim Christian Otto (acting) (d.
1770)
11 Jun 1770 - 15 Jun 1772 Johan
Daniel Frøhlich (acting) (d.
1772)
15 Jun 1772 - 24 Jun 1777 Niels
Urban Aarestrup (acting) (b.
1735 - d. 1805)
24 Jun 1777 - 2 Dec 1780
Johan Conrad von
Hemsen
(d. 1780)
2 Dec 1780 - 21 Apr 1788
Jens Adolf Kiøge
(acting)
(b. 1746 - d. 1789)
21 Apr 1788 - 23 Oct 1789 Johan
Friedrich Kipnasse (acting) (d. 1796)
23 Oct 1789 - Jul
1792 Andreas Rieselsen
Bjørn
(b. 1748 - d. 1821)
Jul 1792 - 30 Jun
1793 Andreas Hammer
(b. 1753 - d. ....)
(acting to 25 Jan 1793)
30 Jun 1793 - 3 Aug 1793
Bendt
Olrik
(b. 1749 - d. 1793)
3 Aug 1793 - 17 Aug 1795
Christian Friedrich baron
von (b. 1754 - d. 1795)
Hager (acting)
Oct 1795 - 31 Dec
1799 Johan Peter David
Wrisberg
(b. 1771 - d. 1819)
(1st time)
31 Dec 1799 - 3 Dec 1802
Johan David Ahnholm
(acting) (b. 1756 -
d. 1806)
3 Dec 1802 - 15 Apr 1807
Johan Peter David
Wrisberg
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
15 Apr 1807 - 1 Mar 1817
Christian
Schiønning
(b. 1764 - d. 1817)
3 Mar 1817 - 5 Oct
1817 Johan Emanuel
Rechter
(d. 1817)
5 Oct 1817 - 6 May
1819 Jens Nicolai Cornelius
Reiersen (d. 1819)
(acting)
6 May 1819 - 1 Jan
1821 Christian Svanekjaer
(acting) (b. 1788 - d.
1843)
1 Jan 1821 - 5 Sep
1821 Peter Ferderik Svane
Steffens (b. 1777 - d.
1821)
5 Sep 1821 - 23 Dec 1823
Matthias Thonning
(acting)
(d. 1824)
23 Dec 1823 - 7 May 1825
Johan Christopher von Richelieu (b.
1789 - d. 1858)
7 May 1825 - 30 Sep 1827
Niels Brøch (1st time) (acting) (b.
c.1802 - d. 1836)
30 Sep 1827 - 1 Aug 1828
Jens Peter
Flindt
(b. 1788 - d. 1842)
1 Aug 1828 - 20 Jan 1831
Heinrich Gerhard Lindt (Lind) (b.
1797 - d. 1833)
(1st time) (acting)
29 Jan 1831 - 21 Oct 1831 Ludwig
Vincent von
Hein
(b. 1799 - d. 1831)
21 Oct 1831 - 4 Dec 1831
Helmut von
Ahrenstorff
(b. 1807 - d. 1832)
4 Dec 1831 - 1 Mar
1833 Niels Brøch (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Mar 1833 - 21 Jul 1833
Heinrich Gerhard Lindt
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
21 Jul 1833 - 26 Dec 1834 Edvard
von Gandil
(acting)
(b. 1804 - d. 1834)
26 Dec 1834 - 18 Mar 1839
Ferderik Segfried
Mørch
(b. 1800 - d. 1839)
(acting to 19 Aug 1837)
19 Mar 1839 - 1 Aug 1839
Hans Angel Gjede
(acting)
(d. 1839)
1 Aug 1839 - 24 May 1842 Lucas Dall
(acting)
(b. 1806 - d. 1855)
24 May 1842 - 26 Aug 1842
Bernhard Johan Christian Wilkens (b. 1810 -
d. 1842)
(acting)
26 Aug 1842 - 15 Mar 1844 Edvard
James Arnold Carstensen (b. 1815
- d. 1848)
(1st time) (acting)
18 Mar 1844 - 5 Jul 1844
Thomas Edvard Julius
Eriksen (b. 1819 -
d. 1844)
(Erichsen)(acting)
5 Jul 1844 - 9 Oct
1844 George Lutterodt (acting)
9 Aug 1844 - 10 Apr 1847
Edvard James Arnold Carstensen
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
10 Apr 1847 - 20 Feb 1850 Rasmus
Emil Schmidt (acting) (b.
1818 - d. 1889)
20 Feb 1850 - 30 Mar 1850 Edvard
James Arnold Carstensen (s.a.)
(3rd time)(nominally to 17 Aug 1850)
Dutch Gold Coast (Dutch
Guinea)
Capital: Fort
Elmina
(Fort Nassau 1612-1637)
|
Population: 15,000
(1831)
|
1595
First Dutch trading
expedition to Gold Coast under Bernard Ericks.
1598
Dutch Gold Coast Settlements (Nederlandse
Goudkust)(Ft. St. Anthony
[Axim Feb 1642-1664, 1665-1671]; Ft. Dorothea
[Akwida: 1687-1698,
1711-1712, 1732-1804]; Ft. Elmina [also called
Ft. Conraadsburg,
St. Jago, Ft. de Veer, Ft. Java, Ft. Scomarus,
and Ft. Naglas 29
Aug 1637 - 6 Apr 1872]; Ft. Hollandia
[1725-1815]; Ft. Batenstein
[Butri: 1656-1665, 1666-1871]; Ft. Apolloni
(1868 Ft. Willem III)
[Benyin: 16..-16.., 1868-1872]; Ft. Oranje
[Sekondi: 1642-1872];
Ft. San Sebastian [Shama: 1637-1664,1664-1871];
Ft. Vredenburgh
[Komenda: 1688-1782]; Ft. Carlsborg [Cape
Castle: 16 Apr 1659-Dec
1660,
2 May 1663-3 May 1664]; Ft. Nassau [Mouri:
1598/1612-1664,
1665-1782, 1785-1867]; Ft. Amsterdam
[Kormantin: 29 Jan 1665-
1782, 1785-1867]; Ft. Leydsaemheyt [Apam:
1697-1782, 1785-1868];
Ft.
Goede Hoop [Senya Beraku: 1667/1705-1782,
1785-1868]; Ft.
Crêvecoeur [Accra: 1649-1782, 1785-1867/8];
Ft. Metaal Kruis
[Dixcove: 1868-1872]; Ft. Ruychaver [Abacqua: 1654-1659],
Ft.
Singelenburgh (Keta: 1734-1737]; Ft. Witsen/Ft.
Tacaray [Sekondi-
Takoradi: 1660-9 Apr 1664, 15
Jan 1665-1665, c.1791-1872]; Anomabu
[1640-1652]; Egya [1647-16.., 1663-1664]; Kpone
[1697-1700,
1706-17..]
in modern Ghana; Petit Popo [Aneho: 1731-1760]
in Togo;
and
Great Popo [1680-...]; Ouidah [1670-1687, 1702-
1724/26], Ft.
Zelandia
[Godomey: 1726-1734], Offra
[1675-1691], Appa [1732-1736]
in
modern Benin; and Kumase depot [Kumasi 18 Mar
1837-Feb 1842,
1848-Mar 1853, 1859-Feb 1869]), also called the
Dutch Possessions
on the
Coast of Guinea (Nederlandse
Bezittingen ter Kuste van
Guinea).
1621
- 1674
Under Dutch West India Company (Geoctroyeerde
Westindische
Compagnie) administration.
29 Aug 1637
Dutch take Elmina from the Portuguese.
3 May
1664
English take Cabo Corso (Cape Castle) from the Dutch.
29 Jan 1665
Dutch take
Kormantin from the English (renamed Ft.
Amsterdam).
1675 -
1 Jan 1792
Under (New) West India Company (West-Indische
Compagnie)
administration.
18 Dec
1717
Prussia sells Gross-Friedrichsburg to the
Netherlands (ratified
14 Jan 1718), renamed Ft. Hollandia
1782 -
1785
British occupy Ft. Vredenburgh, Ft. Amsterdam, Ft.
Nassau,
Ft. Goede Hoop, Ft. Crêvecoeur (to 1786), and Ft.
Leydsaemheyt.
1 Jan 1792 -
1871
Dutch state possession.
15 Jun
1814
Dutch abolish the slave trade (by royal decree).
1 Jan 1868
Convention between Great Britain
and the Netherlands for an
Interchange of Territory on the Gold Coast of Africa
signed:
all Dutch forts to the east of Elmina (Ft. Nassau,
Ft. Crêvecoeur
[renamed
Fort Ussher], Ft. Amsterdam [renamed Fort
Cormantine],
Ft. Goede Hoop [renamed Fort Good Hope], and Fort
Lijdzaamheid
[renamed
Fort Patience]) are handed over to the
U.K., while U.K.
forts west of Elmina are handed over to the
Dutch (Ft. Apollonia
[renamed
Fort Willem III], Ft. Metal Cross [renamed Fort Metalen
Kruis],
Ft. Komenda, and Ft. Sekondi), signed
5 Mar 1867.
21 Feb
1871
Dutch Gold Coast Settlements sold to U.K. and
incorporated into
British Gold Coast (ratified
17 Feb 1872), effected 6 Apr 1872.
Generals of the Gold Coast
1612 -
1614
Jacob Adriaenszoon Clantius
(1st time)
1614 - 1617?
Adriaen Jacobszoon Roest
1617 - 1620?
Jacob Adriaenszoon Clantius
(2nd time)
1620? - 1621
Anthonie van Liedekercke
1621? - 1624?
Geert Reck
Directors-general
1624 - 1629
Adriaen
Jacobszoon van Amersfoort
(at Ft. Nassau)
1629 - 18 Jul 1639
Nikolaes van Ypren (Iperen)
(at Elmina from 1637)
18 Jul 1639 - 6 Jan 1641 Arend
Jacobszoon Montfort
6 Jan 1641 - 18 Dec 1645
Jacob Ruychaver (Ruijghaver)
(d. 1656)
(1st time)
18 Dec 1645 - 9 Apr 1650
Jacob van der Well
9 Apr 1650 - 11 Jun 1650
Hendrik Doedens
Governor
11 Jun 1650 - 15 Mar 1651 Arent
Cocq
Directors-general
15 Mar 1651 - 24 Jan 1656 Jacob
Ruychaver (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jan 1656 - 27 Apr 1659
Johannes van Valkenburgh (1st time)(b. 1623 -
d. 1667)
27 Apr 1659 - 7 Apr 1662
Casper van Heussen (Houssen)
7 Apr 1662 - 23 Dec 1662
Dirck Wilré (1st
time)
(b. 1636 - d. 1674)
23 Dec 1662 - 2 Jun 1667
Johannes van Valkenburgh (2nd time)(s.a.)
Governor
2 Jun 1667 - 12 Dec 1668
Huijbrecht van Gageldonk
Directors-general
12 Dec 1668 - 12 Jun 1675 Dirck
Wilré (2nd time)
(s.a.)
12 Jun 1675 - 13 Sep 1676 Joan
Root
13 Sep 1676 - 26 Mar 1680
Heerman Abramsen
26 Mar 1680 - 1 Aug 1683
Daniel Verhoutert (Verhouten)
1 Aug 1683 - 15 Jul 1685
Thomas Ernsthuis (Ernsthuijsen)
15 Jul 1685 - 29 Jan 1690
Nikolaas de Sweerts
29 Jan 1690 - 25 Mar 1694 Joel
Smits (Schmits)
25 Mar 1694 - 9 Jun 1696
Jan Staphorst
9 Jun 1696 - 16 May 1702
Jan van Sevenhuijsen (Sevenhuysen)
(d. 1731)
16 May 1702 - 17 Oct 1705 Willem
de la Palma
(d. 1705)
23 Oct 1705 - 26 Sep 1708 Pieter
Nuyts (Nuijts)
(d. 1708)
President
26 Sep 1708 - 13 Jul 1709
Henrikus (Henrico) van Wesel
Directors-general
13 Jul 1709 - 16 Mar 1711
Adriaan Schoonheijd (Schoonheidt)
(d. 1711)
16 Mar 1711 - 12 May 1716
Hieronimus Haring (Haringh)
(b. 1679 - d. 17..)
(president and director-general)
12 May 1716 - 11 Mar 1718 Robberts
Abraham Engelgraef
(Abraham Engelgraaf-Robbertzoon)
12 Mar 1718 - 25 Sep 1722 Willem Butler (William
Bullier)
(president and director-general)
25 Sep 1722 - 17 May 1723 Abraham
Houtman
(d. 1723)
President
17 May 1723 - 14 Dec 1723
Mattheus de Kraane (Crane)
Directors-general
14 Dec 1723 - 11 Mar 1727 Pieter
Valckenier (Valkenier) (b. 1691 - d.
1738)
11 Mar 1727 - 6 Mar 1730
Robbert Norre (Norri)
6 Mar 1730 - 13 Mar 1734 Jan
Pranger
(b. 1700 - d. 1773)
13 Mar 1734 - 2 Apr 1736
Anthony van Overbeke (Overbeek)
(d. 1736)
7 Apr 1736 - 16 Mar
1740 Martinus François des Bordes
(d. 1740)
(president to 2 Feb 1737)
President
17 Mar 1740 - 7 Mar 1741
François Barovius (Barbrius)
(d. 1741)
Directors-general
8 Mar 1741 - 11 Apr 1747
Baron Jacob de Petersen
11 Apr 1747 - 14 Jul 1754 Jan
van Voorst
14 Jul 1754 - 24 Oct 1755
Nicolas Mattheus van der Nood (d.
1755)
de
Gietere (Nikolaas van der Noot de Gieter)
President
24 Oct 1755 - 15 Jan 1758 Roelof
Ulsen (Ulzen)
(d. 1758)
Director-general
15 Jan 1758 - 12 Mar 1758
Lambert Jacob van
Tets
(b. 1718 - d. 1758)
President
22 Mar 1758 - 5 Oct 1760 Jan Pieter Theodor
Huydecooper (b. 1728 - d. 1767)
(1st time)
Director-general
5 Oct 1760 - 19 Jul 1763
David Pieter Erasmie (Erasmus) (d.
1763)
Governor
19 Jul 1763 - 10 Sep 1764
Henrick
Walmbeck
(d. 1764)
(Hendrik Walmbeek)
Directors-general
10 Sep 1764 - 11 Jul 1767 Jan
Pieter Theodor Huydecooper (s.a.)
(2nd time)
11 Jul 1767 - 27 Aug 1767 Willem
Sulyard van Leefdael
+
Cornelis Klok
(acting)
27 Aug 1767 - 14 Apr
1780 Pieter
Woortman
(b. 1700 - d. 1780)
(governor-general to 1769)
14 Apr 1780 - 10 May 1780 .... (acting)
President
10 May 1780 - 30 Dec 1780
Jacobus van der Puije (Puye)
(d. 1780)
Director-general
30 Dec 1780 - 12 Mar 1784 Pieter
Volkmar
(d. 1784)
President
15 Mar 1784 - 14 Feb 1785 Gilles
Servaas Gallé (Galie)
(d. 1787)
(1st time)
Director-general
14 Feb 1785 - 26 May 1786
Adolphus Thierens
(b. 1738 - d. 1786)
Governor-general
2 Jun 1786 - 24 Aug 1787
Gilles Servaas Gallé (Galie)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
President
8 Sep 1788 - 19 Mar 1790
Lieve van Bergen van der Grijp (d.
1795)
(Gryp)(1st time)
Director-general
19 Mar 1790 - 5 May 1794
Jacobus Adriaan de Veer
(b. 1749 - d. 1794)
President
5 May 1794 - 10 Jan 1795
Lieve van Bergen van der Grijp (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Governor
10 Jan 1795 - 2 Jun 1796
Otto Arnoldus
Duim
(d. 1796)
Directors-general
2 Jun 1796 - 10 Aug 1796 Lieve
van Bergen van der Grijp (s.a.)
(3rd time)
10 Aug 1796 - 1 May 1798
Gerhardus Hubertus van Hamel
(d. 1798)
8 May 1798 - 12 Aug 1801
Cornelius Ludwich Bartels
(b. 17.. - d. 1804)
Governor-general
12 Aug 1801 - 28 Apr 1804 Cornelius Ludwich
Bartels
(s.a.)
President
28 Apr 1804 - 15 Jun 1805 Izaak
de Roever
(b. 1760
- d. 1812)
Governor-general
16 Jun 1805 - 21 Jul 1807 Pieter
Linthorst
(b. 1757 - d. 1807)
President
22 Jul 1807 - 11 Aug 1808
Johannes Petrus
Hoogenboom
(b. c.1778 - d. 1808)
Director-general
12 Aug 1808 - 23 Feb 1810 Jan
Frederik Köning
(b. 17.. - d.
1810)
Commandant-general
23 Feb 1810 - 1 Mar 1816
Abraham de Veer
(b. 1767 - d. 1838)
Governors-general
1 Mar 1816 - 22 Apr 1818
Herman Willem Daenels
(b. 1762 - d. 1818)
22 Apr 1818 - 10 Jan 1820 Frans
Christiaan Eberhard
(b. c.1777 - d. 1820)
Oldenburg (acting)
Commanders
10 Jan 1820 - 27 Jul 1821
Johannes Oosthout
(b. c.1792
- d. 1821)
27 Jul 1821 - 11 Jan 1823
Frederick Frans Ludewich Ulrich
(b. 1786 - d. 1833)
Last (1st time)(acting)
11 Jan 1823 - 6 May 1823
Librecht Jan Temmink (acting) (b.
c.1781 - d. 1859)
6 May 1823 - 14 May 1824
Willem Poolman
(b. 1778 - d. 1823)
14 May 1824 - 25 Dec 1824
Hendrik Adriaan Mouwe, Jr. (acting)9b. 1799 - d. 1824)
25 Dec 1824 - 2 Jan 1825
Johan David Carel Pagenstecher
(b. 1784 - d. 18..)
(acting)
2 Jan 1825 - 12 Nov 1826
Frederick Frans Ludewich Ulrich
(s.a.)
Last (2nd time)(acting)
12 Nov 1826 - 4 Oct 1828
Jacobus Cornelis van der Breggen (b.
1797 - d. 1830)
Paauw (acting)
4 Oct 1828 - 17 Apr 1833
Frederick Frans Ludewich Ulrich
(s.a.)
Last (3rd time)
17 Apr 1833 - 17 May 1833 Jan
Thieleman Jacobus Cremer (b.
1795 - d. 1833)
(acting)
17 May 1833 - 2 Feb 1834
Eduard Daniel Leopold van Ingen (b.
1798 - d. 1833)
(acting)
2 Feb 1834 - 16 Mar 1834
Marthinus Swarte (acting)
(b. 1813 - d. 1835)
16 Mar 1834 - 2 Dec 1836 Christiaan Ernst
Lans
(b. 1789 - d. 1843)
2 Dec 1836 - 28 Oct 1837
Hendrikus Jacobus Tonneboeijer (b. 1814 -
d. 1837)
(Tonneboeyer) (acting)
29 Oct 1837 - 5 Aug 1838
Anthony van der Eb (1st
time) (b. 1813 - d. 1852)
(acting)
Governors
5 Aug 1838 - 7 Mar
1840 Hendrik Bosch
(b.
1776 - d. 1864)
7 Mar 1840 - 9 Jun
1846 Anthony van der Eb (1st time)
(s.a.)
9 Jun 1846 - 10 Jul 1847
Willem George Frederik Derx
(b. 1813 - d. 1890)
(1st time)(acting)
10 Jul 1847 - 21 Sep 1852
Anthony van der Eb (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Sep 1852 - 25 Sep 1856 Hero
Schomerus (interim)
(b. 1816 - d. 1856)
25 Sep 1856 - 6 Nov 1856
Petrus Jacobus Runckel (interim) (b. 1822 -
d. 1860)
6 Nov 1856 - 29 Apr 1857 Willem
George Frederik
Derx (s.a.)
(2nd time)(government commissioner)
29 Apr 1857 - 9 Sep 1857
Jules Felicine Romain Stanislas (b. 1819 -
d. 1882)
van den Bossche
9 Sep 1857 - 7 May 1860
Cornelis Johannes Marius Nagtglas (b. 1814 - d.
1897)
(1st time)
7 May 1860 - 21 Jan 1861
Cornelis Meeuwsen
(acting)
(b. 1824 - d. 1896)
21 Jan 1861 - 23 Jun 1862 Cornelis Johannes Marius
Nagtglas (s.a.)
(2nd time)
18 Oct 1862 - 14 Mar 1864 Henry Alexander Elias
(1st time) (b. 1829 - d. 1903)
12 Mar 1864 - 13 Jun 1864 Carel Hendrik David van
Hien (b. 1833 - d.
1864)
(acting)
13 Jun 1864 - 7 Dec 1864 Hendrik Doyer
(acting)
(b. 1830 - d. 1906)
7 Dec 1864 - 4 May 1865
Henry Alexander Elias (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 May 1865 - 19 Feb 1866
Arent Magnin (acting)
(b. 1825 - d. 1888)
19 Feb 1866 - 17 Apr 1867 Willem
Hendrik Johan van Idsinga (b. 1822 - d.
1896)
17 Apr 1867 - 15 May
1869 George Pieter Willem Boers
(b. 1811 - d. 1884)
15 May 1869 - 8 Jun 1871
Cornelis Johannes Marius Nagtglas (s.a.)
(3rd time)(government commissioner)
8 Jun 1871 - 17 Sep 1871 Jan Albert
Hendrik Hugenholtz (b. 1825 - d.
1874)
(government commissioner)
17 Sep 1871 - 2 Oct 1871 Johannes
Marinus
Ludovicus
(b. 1836 - d. 1917)
Adrianus
Petrus Wirix (acting)
2 Oct 1871 - 15 Nov 1871
Willem Pieter Antonie Le Jeune
(b. 1832 - d. 1894)
(acting)
15 Nov 1871 - 6 Apr 1872 Jan Helenus
Ferguson
(b. 1826 - d. 1908)
(lieutenant governor)
17 Apr 1872 - 10 May 1872 Robert Louis de
Haes
(b. 1818 - d. 1884)
(king's
commissioner on the Coast of Guinea)
Brandenburger/Prussian
Gold Coast
-
- 1682 - 1717
- Brandenburg African Company
Flag
|
Capital: Ft. Gross-
Friedrichsburg
|
Population: N/A
|
Jan 1681 - Aug
1681 First
Brandenburger trade expedition to West Africa.
27 Dec 1682
Brandenburger Gold Coast
Settlements (Gross-Friedrichsburg [Pokesu:
1
Jan 1683-1717], Ft. Dorothea [Akwida: Apr 1684-1687,
1698-1711, Apr 1712-1717], and Ft. Louise
[Takrama: 1685-....]).
1682 - 1692
Under
Electoral Brandenburg-African Company (Kurfürstliche
Brandenburgisch-Afrikanische
Compagnie) administration (company
founded 7 Mar 1682).
1687 -
1698
Dutch occupy Ft. Dorothea.
1692 -
1711
Under Brandenburg-African-American Company (Brandenburgisch-
Africanischamericanische Compagnie)
administration.
15 Jan
1701
Becomes Prussian Gold Coast Settlements (when the
Duke-Elector of
Brandenburg becomes King of Prussia).
1711 -
1717
Prussia-Brandenburg crown colony.
1711 - Apr
1712
Dutch occupy Ft. Dorothea.
18 Dec
1717
Settlements sold to the Netherlands
(ratified 14 Jan 1718),
renamed Ft. Hollandia (see Dutch Gold Coast).
1717 -
1724
Johannes Conrad (or Jan Conny) occupies
Gross-Friedrichsburg
in opposition to Dutch rule.
Commandants
1682
Otto Friedrich
von der Gröben (b. 1657 - d. 1728)
1682 - 1683
Philipp Pietersen Blonck
1683 - 1684
Nathaniel Dillinger (Dillger)
1684
J. van Coulster
1684 - 1685
Karl Konstantin von Schnitter
1685 -
1686
Johan Brouw
1686 -
1691
Johann Niemann (Nyman)
1691 - 1693
Jan ten Hoof (Johann von Hoft)
1693 - 1695
Jacob ten Hoof (Jakob von Hoft)
1695 -
1697
Gysbrecht van Hoogveldt
1697 - 1698
Jan van Laar
(d.
1698)
1698 - 1699
Otto Swalme (Swalwe)
1699 - 1701
Jan de Visser (Vister)
1701 - 1704
Adriaan Grobbe
1704 - 1706
Johann Münz (Muntz)
1706 -
1709
Heinrich Lamy (Lamey)
1709
Harmen Stockhoff (Stockhof)
1709 - 1710
Frans de Lange
1710 -
1716
Nicholas Dubois (du Bois)
1716 -
1717
Anton Günter van der Menden
1717 -
1724
Jan Conny (= Johannes
Conrad, Jean Cunny)
(in rebellion, in
Gross-Friedrichsburg)
Portuguese Gold Coast
Capital: São
Jorge da Mina
(1482-29 Aug 1637)
(Ft. Santo António 1637-1642;
Ft. São Francisco Xavier
1680-1682)
|
Population:
N/A
|
1471
Portuguese led by Juan de
Santerem and Pedro d'Escobar discover
the
trade of Oro de la Mina (Gold of the Mine),
somewhere in the
neighborhood of Elmina or Shama.
20 Jan
1482
Portuguese Gold Coast (Costa do Ouro)(Ft. São
Jorge da Mina de Ouro
[Elmina:
21 Jan 1482-29 Aug. 1637], Ft. Santo António de Axim
[Axim: 1486-9 Jan 1642], Ft. São Francisco Xavier [Osu:
1640-42,
1680-82],
Ft. São Sebastião [Shama: 1526-1637], Ft. Duma [Egwira:
1623-1636], Ft. de Ogua/Ft. à Cabo Corço/Corso [Cape
Coast:
1610?-1638], Ft. Cará [Accra-Osu: 1583-bf.1645,
1679-1683],
and Ft. Dom Pedro [Anashan: 1683-1690]).
15 Mar 1486
São Jorge da Mina
granted the rights and privileges of a city by
the King of Portugal.
1482 - 1503
Guinea Company (Casa da Guiné e Mina 1482-1483, Casa da
Índia e da
Guiné in
1499) administration
7 Jun
1494
Treaty of Tordesillas, signed by Portugal and Spain
recognizing
Portuguese claims to the coast of West Africa.
15 Jul 1580 - 1 Dec 1640 Portuguese Gold
Coast along with Portugal a Spanish possession.
1580 - 1583
French set up a factory at Accra
which is seized by the Portuguese.
29 Aug
1637
Dutch take Ft. São Jorge da Mina.
Feb 1642
Dutch take Ft. Santo António de Axim,
Portuguese establishments are
surrendered to the Dutch (part of Dutch Gold Coast).
2 Dec 1680
Portuguese take Danish
Fort Christiansborg (and renamed it
Ft. São Francisco Xavier).
29 Aug 1682
Ft. São Francisco Xavier is abandoned and sold to the
Denmark.
Captains-major
21 Jan 1482 - 1485
Diogo de
Azambuja
(b. 1432 - d. 1518)
1485 - 1486
Álvaro Vaz Pestano
148.
Alvaro
Mascarenhas
c.1487
João Fogaça
15 Sep 1495 - 30 Jun 1499 Lopo
Soares de
Albergaria
(b. c.1442 - d. c.1520)
1499? - 1503?
Fernão
Lopes Correia
1503? - 1506?
Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
(b. 1465 - d. 1530)
1506? - 1509?
António de Bonadilha
1509? - 1512?
Mabuel de Goes (Góis)
1513
Affonso
Caldeira
c.1513
Antonio
Froes
Sep 1514 - 1516?
Nuno Vaz de Castelbranco
1516? - 1519
Fernão
Lopes Correia
2 Sep 1519 - 10 Jan 1522
Duarte Pacheco Pereira
(b. 1469 - d. 1533)
1522 - 1524
Afonso de Albuquerque
1524 - 1525
João de Barros
(b. 1496 - d. 1570)
1526 - 1529
João Vaz de Almada
1529 - 1532
Estévão da Gama
(b. c.1505 - d. 1576)
1532 - 1537
....
22 Nov 1537 -
1540? Manuel
de Albuquerque
1540 - 1543
António de Miranda de Azevedo
1543 - 1545?
Lopo de Sousa Coutinho
1545
Diogo Soares de Albergaria (1st
time)
1545 - 1548
António de Brito
1548 - 1550
Martim de Castro
1550? - 1552?
Diogo Soares de Albergaria (2nd time)
1552?
Filipe
Lobo
1552? - 1556?
Rui de Melo
1556 - 155.
Afonso
Gonçalves de Botafogo
155. - 1559
António de Melo
1559
Manuel da Fonseca
(d. 1559)
1559 -
1562
Rui Gomes de Azevedo
1562 -
15..
Manuel de Mesquita Perestrelo
(b. c.1510 - d. c.1580)
c.1562
João Vaz de
Almada Falcão
156.
Francisco de Barros de Paiva
1564 -
15..
Fernando Cardoso
15.. -
1570
....
1570 - 1573
António da Sá
c.1573
Martim Affonso
c.1574 -
c.15..
Mendio da Mota
15.. -
c.1579
....
1579 - c.1583
Vasco Fernandes Pimentel
1583 - 1586
João
Rodrigues Peçanha (Pessanha)
1586 -
15..
Bernardinho Ribeiro Pacheco
15.. -
1586
....
1586 - 1594
João Róis Coutinho
c.1595 -
c.1596
Duarte Lôbo da Gama
1596 -
1608
Cristóvão da Melo
Jul 1608 - 1610
Duarte de Lima
(d. 1610)
1610 - 1613
João de Castro
1613 - 1616
Pedro da Silva
1616/17 -
1624
Manuel da Cunha de Teive
1624 - c.1626
Francisco de Souto-Maior
1626 -
1629
João da Sera de Morais
1629 -
c.1632
....
1632 - 27 Jun
1634
Pedro de Mascarenhas
(d. 1634)
Jun 1634 - 1 Oct 1634
Duarte Borges (acting)
(d. 1634)
Oct 1634 - 1642
André da Rocha Magalhães
(acting)
1642 - Feb 1642
Francisco de Sotte
Feb 1642 - 2 Dec 1680 Post
abolished
2 Dec 1680 - 29 Aug 1682 Julião de Campos
Barreto
Swedish Gold Coast
Capital: Fort Christiansborg
(Fort Frederiksborg)
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Population: N/A
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1646 - 1647
First Swedish trade expedition to West
Africa.
22 Apr
1650
Swedish Gold Coast (Svenska Guldkusten)(Ft.
Carolusborg/Karlsborg
[Cape
Castle: 22 Apr 1650-27 Jan 1658, 10 Dec 1660-22
Apr 1663],
Ft.
Apollonia [Beyin: 1655-1657], Ft.
Christiansborg/Ft.
Frederiksborg [Osu: 1652-1658], Ft.
Batenstein/Batensteyn [Butri:
1650-1656], Ft. Witsen/Taccorari [Sekondi-Takoradi:
1653-1658],
Ft. William/Annomabu [Anomabu 1650-1657], and
Gemoree/Jumoree
[location unknown 165.-1658]).
22 Apr 1650 - 1656
Under Swedish African Company (Svenska
Afrikanska Kompaniet)
administration (company founded 15 Dec 1649, dissolved
1663).
27 Jan 1658 - Mar 1659 Ft.
Carlsborg and Ft. Chistiansborg
captured by Denmark, part of
Danish Gold Coast.
Mar 1659 - 10 Dec 1660 Ft.
Carlsborg under Dutch administration (having been sold
to them
illegally by Samuel Smit).
10 Dec 1660 - 1662 Ft.
Carlsborg occupied by the king of Fetu (nominally
for Sweden).
1662 - 22 Apr 1663 Ft.
Carlsborg re-occupied by Sweden.
22 Apr 1663 - 9 May 1664 Ft.
Carlsborg re-taken the Dutch.
9 May 1664
Seized by England, part of
English Gold Coast.
21 Jul 1667
By the Treaty of Breda, Sweden
formally abandons its Gold Coast
claims
Director
22 Apr 1650 - 1655
Heinrich Karloff
(b. 1621/22 - d. c.1694)
(Henrik Carloff [Hendrik Caerloff])
Commandant
1652 - 165.
Isaak
Meville (Isaac Miville)
Swedish Governor
1655 - 27 Jan 1658
Johan Filip von Krusenstierna
(b. 1624 - d. 1659)
(Johan Philip von Krusenstierna [Kruusenstiern])
(1st time)(Dutch prisoner to 18 Jun 1658)
27 Jan 1658 - Mar 1659 occupied by
Danish
1658 - Mar
1659
Samuel Smit
(Schmidt)
Mar 1659 - 10 Dec 1660
occupied by Dutch
10 Dec 1660 -
1662 occupied
by Fetu
Commander
16 Mar 1662 - 22 Apr 1663 Anton Voss (Tönnies
Voss)
© Ben Cahoon
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