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WORLD
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Europe Index
ALBANIA
Other names: Shqipërisë, Albanian Principality, Albanian
Kingdom, Albaniae
Venetian
Butrinto
Venetian
Durazzo
French
Occupied Korce district (1916-1918)
Valona
(Vlora) Italian Occupied Zone (1914-1920)
Northern
Epirus (1914, 1940-41)
Mirditë
Republic (1921)
Shkodra
(Shkodër) (1913-1920)
Sazan
(Saseno) Island (1914-1944)
ANDORRA
Other names: Adorra la Valle, Principality of Andorra
ARMENIA
Other names: Hayastan, Greater Armenia, Armenian Soviet
Socialist Republic, Yerevan governorate, Khanate of
Erivan, Principality of Kapan (Ghapan), Kingdom of
Armenia, Autonomous Government of Syunik, Republic of
Mountainous Armenia
Armenian
Soviet Socialist Republic
Zangezur
(Syunik) (1918-1921)
AUSTRIA
Other names: Österreich, Archduchy of Austria, Austrian
Empire, Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Republic
of German-Austria, Ostmark
Austria-Hungary
Common Government (1867-1918)
Allied Occupation Zones
1945-1955
American
zone
British
zone
French
zone
Soviet
zone
AZERBAIJAN
Other names: Azərbaycan, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist
Republic, Azerbaidzhan, Azerbaijani Republic,
Caspian Provinces, Shemakha province, Baku Commune,
Yelizavetpol governorate, Caspian (Kaspiyskaya) Oblast
Baku
Commune & Central Caspian Dictatorship
(1917-1918)
Azerbaijan
Soviet Socialist Republic
Nagorno-Karabakh
(Artsakh)
Nakhichevan
Talysh-Mugan
(1918-1919, 1993)
Khanates
Baku
Ganja
Jawad
Nakhchivan
(Nakhichevan)
Qarabagh
(Karabakh)
Quba
(Kuba)
Salyan
Shakki
(Sheki)
Shamakha
(Shirvan)
Talish
(Talysh)
Jar-Balakan
Ilisu
BELARUS
Other names: White Russia, Belarussia, Belorussia,
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Belorussian
Democratic
Republic, Lithuanian-Belorussian Soviet Socialist
Republic, Litbel, Republic of Belarus, Vitebsk and
Mogilyov
Belorussian
Democratic Republic in Exile from 1919
Byelorussian
Central Rada in Exile (1943-1995)
Byelorussian
Soviet Socialist Republic
BELGIUM
Other names: Belgique, België, Southern Netherlands,
Spanish Netherlands, Austrian Netherlands, United
Belgian
(or Netherlands) States, Kingdom of Belgium
French
Départements in Belgium (1793-1815)
Independent
State
of Flanders (1917-1918)
Bouillon
Eupen-Malmedy
(1918-1925)
Ličge
Bishopric
Fagnolle
(Ligne)
Limburg
Duchy
Neutral
Moresnet (1817-1920)
Nivelles
Abbey
Reckheim
(Rekem)
Stavelot-Malmedy
Abbey
Dutch
Ostend (1584-1603)
Belgian Regions and Communities
Brussels-Capital
Flanders and
Flemish Community
Wallonia-Brussels
Federation (French Community)
German
Community
Wallonia
(Walloon Region)
BOSNIA AND
HERCEGOVINA
Other names: Bosnia, Hercegovina, Bosna i Hercegovina,
Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Muslim Croat
Federation, Republika Srpska, Brcko, Bosnien und die
Hercegovina, Drinska banovina, Vrbaska banovina
BULGARIA
Other names: Rumelia, Tsardom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of
Bulgaria, Bulgarian State, Bulgarian Empire, Radomir
Republic, Rumelia, Moesia
Allied occupations
(1918-19, 1944-47)
Eastern Rumelia
CROATIA
Other names: Hrvatska, Banate of Croatia; State of
Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs; Independent State of
Croatia;
Kingdom of Croatia; Socialist Republic of Croatia;
People's Republic of Croatia; Kingdom of Croatia and
Dalmatia; Croatiae et Dalmatiae; Slavonia; Primorska
banovina; Savska banovina
Banate
of Croatia
Krajina
(1990-1995)
Srem-Baranja
(Eastern Slavonia)(1991-92, 1995-98)
Socialist
Republic of Croatia
Dalmatia
Fiume
(Rijeka)
Ragusa
(Dubrovnik)
Poljica
(Poglizza)
Zara
(Zadar) (1918-1944)
CYPRUS
Other names: Republic of Cyprus,
Colony of Cyprus, Kũpros, Kıbrıs, Cipro, Kingdom of
Cyprus
Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus
British
Sovereign Base Areas
UN
Buffer Zone from 1964
CZECH
REPUBLIC
Other names: Austrian crownlands of Bohemia, Moravia, and
Silesia; Czechoslovakia, Protectorate of
Bohemia and Moravia, Czech Socialist Republic, Česká
republika, Czechia
Bohemia
Moravia
Silesia
Teschen
(1918-1920)
Czechoslovakia
(1918-1992)
Government in
Exile 1939-1945
Czech
Republic
Protectorate
of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-45)
Sudetenland
Böhmerwaldgau
Deutschböhmen
Sudetenland
Südmähren
DENMARK
Other names: Danmark, Kingdom of Denmark
Faeroe
Islands
Greenland
Regions
(from 2007)
Counties
(1970-2006)
Counties
(1660-1970)
Resistance
to German occupation (1940-1945)
Anholt
Island (1809-1814)
Bornholm
occupations (1645-1658, 1940-46)
Jutland
occupations (1657, 1864)
ESTONIA
Other names: Republic of Estonia, Eesti, Estland, Estonian
Soviet Socialist Republic, Revel province, Estonian Duchy,
Ostland
Estonian
Representatives in Exile (1940-1991)
Republic
in Exile (from 1940)
Russian
Occupation of Narva 1918-1919
Dorpat
(Tartu) bishopric
Ösel
Island (Saaremaa)
Estonian
Soviet Socialist Republic
Pro-Soviet
Resistance to German occupation (1941-44)
EUROPEAN
UNION
Other names: EU, European Coal and Steel
Community, European
Economic Community (EEC)
FAEROE ISLANDS
Other names: Faroe Islands, Føroya,
Færoes
FINLAND
Other names: Soumi, Duchy of Finland, Grand Principality
of Finland, Kingdom of Finland
People's
(Socialist) Delegation of Finland (1919)
Finnish
Democratic Republic (1939-40)
Allied
occupation (1944-1947)
Hanko
and Porkkala Soviet bases
Aland
Islands
FRANCE
Other names: Francia, Kingdom of France, French Empire,
République Franįaise, French Republic, French
State
Royalist
Resistance to the Republic (1793-1800)
Foreign
Occupations of France (1815-18, 1870-73,
1914-18, 1940-44)
Pas-de-Calais and
Nord departments 1940-1944
Alsace and
Lorraine (1870-1918, 1940-1944)
Avignon
and Comtat Venaisin
Corsica
(Corse)
Montbeliard
(Mömpelgard)
Mülhausen
(Mulhouse) Free City
Paris
Commune 1871
GEORGIA
Other names: Republic of Georgia, Sakartvelo, K`art`li
and Kakhet`i, Imeret`i, Kingdom of Georiga,
Transcaucasia, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic,
Democratic Republic of Georgia
GERMANY
Other names: Deutschland, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of
Prussia, Confederation of the Rhine, German
Confederation, North German Confederation, German Reich,
German Empire, Weimar Republic, Third Reich, German
Democratic Republic, Deutsche Demokratische Republik,
Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany,
East Germany, West Germany
GIBRALTAR
Other name: British Crown Colony of Gibraltar
GREECE
Other names: Ellada, Hellas, Kingdom of Greece, Greek
State, Greek Republic
GUERNSEY
Other name: Guernesey, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Alderney,
Sark, Brechou, Herm, Jethou, Lihou
Alderney
Sark
Brechou
(Brecqhou)
Herm
Jethou
Lihou
French
Hauteville House
HUNGARY
Other names: Magyar Köztársaság, Magyarország, Hungarian
Kingdom, Austria-Hungary
Ottoman
Hungary (1541-1686)
Romanian
occupation (1919)
Allied
occupation (1944-1947)
Serbian-Hungarian
Baranya-Baja Republic
ICELAND
Other name: Island, Kingdom of Iceland, Icelandic Republic
IRELAND
Other names: Éire, Irish Free State, Irish Republic,
Kingdom of Ireland, Emerald Isle
Norse
Dyflin (Dublin) kingdom
Gaelic Kingdoms
Connacht
(Connaught)
Desmumu
(Desmond)
Laighin
(Leinster)
Midhe
(Meath)
Mumu
(Munster)
Osraighe
(Ossory)
Tír
Eķghain (Tyrone)
Tuadhmumu
(Thomond)
Ulaidh
(Ulster)
ISLE OF
MAN
Other name: Ellan Vannin, Ynys Manau, Lordship of the
Isles of Man, Man, Lordship of the Isles
ITALY
Other name: Italia, Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont,
Kingdom of Italy, Italian Social Republic, Italian
Republic
Italian
Social Republic (1943-1945)
Allied
Military Government (1943-1947)
Partisan
Resistance to German occupation
Partisans
and Republic of Ossola 1944
Pious
Establishments of France in Rome
Trieste
1382-1954
Italy
476-1004
Roman Empire
(27 BC - 476 AD)
JERSEY
Other name: Jčrri, Bailiwick of Jersey
German
central administration of the Channel Islands
1940-1945
KOSOVO
Other names: Kosovës, Kosova, Kosovo-Metohija, Prizren,
United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
(UNMIK)
LATVIA
Other names: Latvija, Duchies of Courland and Livonia,
Livonian Confederation, Lettgallia, Latgale, Livland,
Baltic State, Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lettland,
Republic of Latvia
Republic
in Exile 1940-1991
German
and Allied Military Administrations in Liepaja
& Jelgava (1918-1919)
Anti-German
and
Anti-Soviet Resistance (1943-1946)
Livonia
Courland
Pilten
Dondangen
(Dundaga)
Latgale
(Polish Livonia)
Riga
city
Russian
Baltic Provinces (1783-1917)
Russian
Western Volunteer Army (1919)
Ostland
Reichskomissariat
Latvian
Soviet Socialist Republic
Pro-Soviet
Resistance to German occupation 1940-1944)
LIECHTENSTEIN
Other name: County of Vaduz, Lordship of
Schellenberg, Principality of Liechtenstein
LITHUANIA
Other names: Lietuva, Grand Principality of Lithuania,
Poland-Lithuania, Kingdom of Lithuania, Lithuanian-
Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Litbel,
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Litauen, Republic
of Lithuania
Republic
in Exile (1940-1991)
Anti-German
& Anti-Soviet Resistance (1943-46)
Samogitia
Lithuanian
Socialist Conciliar Republic (1918-19)
Lithuania
and Byelorussia ("Litbel") Socialist Soviet
Republic (1919)
Central
Lithuania (1919-1922)
Lithuanian
Soviet Socialist Republic
Pro-Soviet
Resistance to German occupation (1942-44)
Memel
(Memelgebiet)
Tauroggen
and Serrey (1688-1794)
German
Eastern Front Command "Ober Ost" (1915-1918)
LUXEMBOURG
Other names: Lützelburg, Duchy of Luxembourg, Grand
Duchy of Luxembourg
MALTA
Other names: Repubblika ta' Malta,
Malta, Gozo
Gozo
MOLDOVA
Other names: Moldavia, Bessarabia, Moldavian Soviet
Socialist Republic
Moldavian
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1924-1940)
Moldavian
Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-1990)
Dniester
Republic (Transdniester)
Gagauz-Yeri
MONACO
Other name: Principatu de Múnegu, Principality of Monaco
MONTENEGRO
Other names: Crna Gora, Zeta, Dioclea, Serbia and
Montenegro, Governorate of Montenegro, Zetska banovina
Boka
Kotorska (Cattaro) (1373-1814, 1941-1944)
Kingdom
of Montenegro in Exile (1918-1929)
Socialist
Republic of Montenegro
THE
NETHERLANDS
Other names: Nederland, Holland, Republic of the United
Provinces, Batavian Republic, Kingdom of Holland, United
Netherlands, Kingdom of The Netherlands
Resistance to
German occupation (1940-45)
Limburg
duchy (1839-1867)
Maastricht
Dutch Fortress of
Maastricht
City of
Maastricht
Church of Sint
Servaas
Thorn
abbey
States in Brabant
Bergen-op-Zoom
Breda
Cuyk
(Cuijk)
Gemert
Megen
NORWAY
Other names: Norge, Kingdom of Norway, Denmark-Norway,
Sweden-Norway
NORTH MACEDONIA
Other names: Macedonia, Makedonija,
Krushevo Republic, Socialist Republic of Macedonia,
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Vardarska
banovina
Socialist
Republic of Macedonia
POLAND
Other names: Polska, Kingdom of Poland,
Poland-Lithuania, Duchy of Warsaw, General-Government of
Warsaw, Vistula Country
Poland
Voivodships since 1999
Poland
Voivodships 1919-1939
Districts
1939-1945
Republic
in Exile (1939-1990)
Cracow
(Krakķw) Republic (1815-1848)
Royal
Prussia (Prusy Krķlewskie)(1454-1772)
Lauenburg
and Bütow (Lębork i Bytķw)
Siewierz
Danzig
Free City
Elbing
(Elblag)
Ermland
(Warmia) bishopric
Swedish
Prussia (1629-35, 1655-60)
Thorn
(Toruń)
West
Galicia (1795-1809)
PORTUGAL
Other names: Portucale, Kingdom of Portugal and Algarve,
Kingdom of Portugal, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil
and the Algarve, República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic
French and
British interventions (1807-1813)
Azores Islands
Islands:
Santa
Maria
São
Miguel
Praia/Terceira
Graciosa
Faial-Pico
Flores
Corvo
Madeira Island
Donatarias:
Funchal
Machico
Porto
Santo
ROMANIA
Other names: România, Rumania, Moldavia, Walachia,
Wallachia, Transylvania, Erdélyi, Siebenbürgen, Banat
Moldavia
Wallachia
Transylvania
Allied
occupation (1944-47)
Hungarian
Autonomous Region (1952-68)
Banat/Temesvár
Lugos Neutral
zone (1919)
Dobruja
RUSSIA
Other names: Rossiya, Russian Tsardom, All-Russian Empire,
Russian Republic, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist
Republic, Soyuz Sovietskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik,
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Russian Federation
Russian
Empire
Occupations
of Moscow 1610-12, 1812
Rus'
Novgorod
(1136-1487)
Alternative
White governments 1918-1920
German
occupation (1941-44)
Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union)
Russian
Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russian
Federation
Avar
(Khunzakh) (to 1864)
"Caucasus"
Imamate (1829-1859)
Chechnya
(to 1859)
Kalmyk
Khante
Tannu
Tuva
Karafuto
(Southern Sakhlin)
Far
Eastern Republic
Swedish
Ingria (Ingermanland)
Circassia
(to 1864)
Derbent
(to 1830)
Kabarda
and Dependencies (to 1829)
Tarki (to
1867)
Don
Cossack Host
Wrangel
Island (1921-24)
SAN MARINO
Other name: Most Serene Republic of San Marino,
Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino
SERBIA
Other names: Srpska, Raka/Rascia; Yugoslavia; Serbia;
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes; Kingdom of
Yugoslavia; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; Serbia and
Montenegro; Dunavska banovina; Moravska banovina
Socialist
Republic of Serbia
Yugoslavia
(and Serbia & Montenegro) 1918-2006
Nish
sanjak (1689-1877)
Sandak
(Sanjak of Novi Pazar)
Kosovo
Vojvodina
SLOVAKIA
Other names: Slovenská, Slovak Socialist Republic,
Slovak Republic, Slovak Conciliar ("Soviet") Republic
Slovak
Socialist Republic
Slovak
National Council in Exile (1939-40)
Slovak
Partisans (1944-45)
Zips
(Spi)
SLOVENIA
Other names: Slovenija, Krain, Carniola, Carniolae,
Dravska banovina, Socialist Republic of Slovenia,
Slovene Republic
Duchy
of Carniola (Krain)
Prekmurje
Republic (1919)
Socialist
Republic
of Slovenia
SPAIN
Other names: Espaņa, Spanish Monarchy, Kingdom of Spain,
Spanish Republic, Spanish State
The
Resistance (1808-1814)
Republic
in exile (1939-1977)
Carlist
governments (1833-39, 1860, 1872-76)
Cantonal
Revolt (1873-74)
Kingdom
of Aragķn
Kingdom
of Leķn
Kingdom
of Galicia
Kingdom
of Navarra
British
Minorca (1708-1802)
Canary Islands
Gran
Canaria
Tenerife
Fuerteventura
La Gomera
and El Hierro
Lanzarote
SWEDEN
Other names: Sverige, Kingdom of Sweden, Sweden-Norway
SWITZERLAND
Other names: Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera, Svizra,
Swiss Confederation, Helvetic Republic
TURKEY
Other names: Türkiye, Osmanli Empire, Ottoman Empire,
Turkish State, Turkish Republic
Ottoman
Empire
Italian
Adalia (1919-22)
French
Cilicia (1918-22)
Hatay
(Alexandretta) (1918-39)
Greek
Izmir (Smyrna) (1918-22)
Genoese
Pera and Galatea
Kars and
South-Western Caucasian Democratic (1877-1920)
Western
Armenia (1915-18)
Zone
of the Straits (1918-23)
Kurdistan
UKRAINE
Other names: Ukrainian State, Hetmanate, Ukrainian
People's Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic,
Reichskommisariat Ukraine, Ukrainian National
Republic,Western Ukrainian People's Republi, Kiev Rus'
Hetmanate
(1648-1775)
Kiev
and Podolia Governorates-general (1782-1919)
Khar'kov
(Kharkiv) and Donetsk (Donets'k) regions
Ukrainian
People's Republic in Exile (1920-1992)
Pro-German
Ukrainian National Committee in Exile (1945)
Resistance
to German and Soviet Rule (1942-1954)
Ukrainian
Soviet Socialist Republic
Khar'kov
(Kharkiv) and Donetsk (Donets'k) Regions
(1780-1919)
Reichskommissariat
Ukraine (1941-44)
Galicia
and Lodomeria (1772-1920)
Western
Ukraine (1918-1919)
Lemko-Rusyn
(1918-1920)
Bukovina
Odessa
region (to 1919)
Ottoman
Podolia (1672-1699)
Makhnovist
Forces (1919-21)
Subcarpathia
(Trancarpathia, Carpatho-Ukraine, Subcarpathian
Rus')
Hutsul'
(1918-1919)
Koman'cha
(
1918-1919)
Romanian
Transnistria (1941-44)
Crimea
(Krym)
Genoese
Kaffa and Gazaria
UNITED
KINGDOM
Other name: Albion, England, Scotland, Wales, Great
Britain, United Kingdom of Great Britain, United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
East Anglia
Essex
Kent
Mercia
Sussex
Wessex
Northumbria
Northern
Ireland
Scotland
Picts
(Pictavia)
Dál Riata (Dalriada)
Strathclyde
(Alt Clut)
Wales
Gwynedd
Powys
Deheubarth
Palatine
County of Durham
Isles of
Scilly
VATICAN CITY
Other name: Stato della Cittā del Vaticano, State of the
Vatican, Vatican City State, Papal State, The Holy See
YUGOSLAVIA: SEE UNDER SERBIA
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