Provinces of Congo (Kinshasa)

Note: At its foundation in 1885 the Congo Free State was divided into 4 districts headed by a Chef de division. Several reorganizations followed and by 1912 the number of districts had increased to 22 (including the four into which Katanga had been divided after its integration into Congo in 1910). From 1913 onward, the districts outside Katanga were regrouped into three provinces, which by 1924, were headed by deputy governors-general, enjoying a certain degree of self-government. These four provinces were: Congo-Kasaï, Équateur, Katanga, and Orientale. A new reorganization followed in 1933 when thees were broken up into 6 provinces: Équateur, Kasaï, Katanga, Kivu, Léopoldville, and Orientale. 

  At independence in 1960 there were 6 provinces. In connection with the internal troubles of the country the number had risen to 21 in 1963. On 1 Aug 1964 a new federal constitution confirmed this fragmentation. After the military coup of Mobutu (25 Nov 1965) the power of the central government was restored and the number of provinces decreased to 12 in Apr 1966 and 8 in Dec 1966 (plus the city of Kinshasa respectively). A presidential decree of 31 Oct 1966 put an end to the last remnants of provincial autonomy. On 19 Jul 1972 the provinces were re-designated regions; this was reversed 8 Oct 1997. The constitution of 18 Feb 2006 declared a reorganization into 26 provinces which was effected on 29 Oct 2015 in another division which increased the number of provinces from 11 to 26 (including Kinshasa). They are grouped below according to the territories of the 6 provinces existing in 1960.

Party abbreviations: ACO = Avenir du Congo (Future of Congo, liberal, est.28 Nov 2009); ACP = Alliance des Congolais Progressistes (Alliance of Progressive Congolese, nationalist, pro-Tshisekedi, est.2022); ACTE = Action Congolaise pour la Tolérance et l'Egalité (Congolese Action for Tolerance and Equality, est.2016); ADH = Alliance des Démocrates Humanistes (Alliance of Humanist Democrats, est.2005); ADR = l'Alliance pour le Développement et la République (Alliance for Development and the Republic, est.2015); ADRP = Alliance des Démocrates pour le Renouveau et le Progrès (Alliance of Democrats for Renewal and Progress); AENC = Alliance des Élites pour un Nouveau Congo (Alliance of the Elites for a New Congo, est.1991); AFDC = Alliance des Forces Démocratiques du Congo et des Alliés (Alliance of Democratic Forces of Congo and Allies, est.2010); BUREC = Bloc Uni pour la Renaissance et l'Émergence du Congo (United Block for the Renaissance and Emergence of Congo, est.2012); CAAC = Congrès des Alliés pour l'Action au Congo (Allied Congress for Action in Congo, est.28 Jul 2011); CCU = Convention des Congolais Unis (United Congolese Convention, est.2004); FIDEC = Front des Indépendants Démocrates-Chrétiens (Front of Independent Christian Democrats, Fifi Masuka Saini personalist, est.2010); Ind = Indépendant (Independent); IPDD = Initiative Panafricaine pour la Défense de la Démocratie (Pan-African Initiative for the Defense of Democracy, christian-democratic, est.9 Jan 2015); MCR = Mouvement Congolais pour la Renaissance (Congolese Movement for the Renaissance); MLC = Mouvement pour la Libération du Congo (Movement for the Liberation of Congo, anti-Kabila, Jean-Pierre Bemba faction, est.Nov 1998); MSR = Mouvement Social pour le Renouveau (Social Movement for Renewal, center-left, est.2006); PALU = Parti Lumumbiste Unifié (Unified Lumumbist Party, socialist, nationalist, est.22 Aug 1964); PAR = Parti du Renouveau (Party of Renewal); NBP = Notre Beau Pays (Our Beautiful Country, est.2011); PCD = Parti Congolais pour le Développement (Congolese Party for Development); PDC = Parti Démocrate-Chrétien (Christian Democratic Party, christian democratic, federalist, est.2006); PPRD = Parti du Peuple pour la Reconstruction et la Démocratie (People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy, center-left, pro-Joseph Kabila, est.31 Mar 2002); RDT = Rassemblement des Démocrates Tshisekedistes (Rally of Tshisekedist Democrats, socialist, democratic, "Tshisekedism", pro-Félix Tshisekedi, est.2019); RENOVAC = Regroupement des Novateurs du Congo (Group of Innovators of Congo, est.22 Jul 2010); RIA = Republicains Indépendants et Alliés (Republicans Independents and Allies, est.2018); UFERI = Union des Fédéralistes et des Républicains Indépendants (Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans, liberal, populist, est.Aug 1990); UNAFEC = Union des Nationalistes Fédéralistes du Congo (National Union of Federalists of the Congo, est.16 Jun 2001); UDPS = Union pour la Démocratie et le Progrès Social (Democratic Union for the Social Progress, social-democratic, est.15 Feb 1982); UNC = Union pour la Nation Congolaise (Union for the Congolese Nation, social-democratic, est.19 Jun 2010); Mil = Military;
- Former parties (parties banned 23 Dec 1970 - 25 Nov 1990, 25 May 1997-17 May 2001): ABAKO = Association des Bakongo pour l'Unification, la Conservation et l'Cxpansion de la Langue Kikongo (Bakongo Association for the Unification, Conservation and Expansion of the Kikongo Language, conservative, federalist, ethnic Kongo dominated, 1950-1965); AFDL = Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo, anti-Mobutu coalition of Tutsi, Rwandan, Ugandan, Burundian, and selected Congolese dissidents and disgruntled minority groups, only legal party 25 May 1997-17 May 2001, L. Kablia personalist, Oct 1996-2002); BALUBAKAT = Association des Baluba du Katanga (Association of the Baluba of Katanga, ethnic Luba of Katanga and Kasai, 1957-1965); COAKA = Coalition des Associations du Kasai (Coalition of Kasai Associations); CONAKAT = Confédération des Associations Tribales du Katanga (Confederation of Tribal Associations of Katanga, Katangan autonomist, mainly ethnic Lunda, 11 Oct 1958-1963); MEDA = Mouvement pour l'Evolution Démocratique Africain (Movement for African Democratic Evolution); MNC-L = Mouvement National Congolais-Lumumba (National Congolese Movement-Lumumba faction, left-wing, nationalist, Oct 1958-1966); MNC-K = Mouvement National Congolais-Kalonji (National Congolese Movement-Kalonji faction, Albert Kalonji personalist, moderate, ethnic Luba, split from MNC, 1959-1962); MPR = Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution (Popular Movement of the Revolution, Zairian nationalist, Mobutism, Mobutu Sese Seko personalist, anti-Communist, cultural conservative, 20 May 1967-16 May 1997, only legal party 23 Dec 1970 - 24 Apr 1990); PANAP = Parti National du Peuple (National People's Party, est.17 Jun 1991); PARECO = Parti du Regroupement Congolais (Party of Congolese Regrouping); PDR = Parti Démocratique pour la Reconstruction (Democratic Party for Reconstruction); PNP = Parti National du Progrès (National Progress Party, moderate, pro-Belgian, 1959-1966); PNRD = Parti National du Renouveau pour le Développement (National Party for Renewal and Development); PSD = Parti Social Democrate Africain (African Democratic Social Party, est.1963); PUNA = Parti de l'Unité Nationale (Party of National Unity, split from MNC, originally ethnic Bangala, est.1960, re-est.3 Mar 2006); RCD = Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (Congolese Rally for Democracy, Rwandan backed, split into RCD-G and RCD-K, 12 Aug 1998-May 1999); RCD-G = Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie - Goma (Congolese Rally for Democracy-Goma, anti-Kabila, backed by Rwanda; est.May 1999); RCD-K = Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie - Kisangani (Congolese Rally for Democracy - Kisangani, anti-Kabila, Ernest Wamba dia Wamba personalist, est.May 1999); RCD-K-ML = Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie - Kisangani - Mouvement de Libération (Congolese Rally for Democracy-Kisangani-Movement of Liberation, split from RCD-K by Mbusa Nyamwisi, controlling Beni area, 1999-2003, renamed Forces du Renouveau [Forces for Renewal]); RCD-N = Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie - National (Congolese Rally for Democracy - National, under Roger Lumbala, split from RCD-K-ML, becomes Rassemblement des Congolais Démocrates et Nationalistes [Rally of Congolese Democrats and Nationalists] RCDN); RDR = Rassemblement Démocratique pour la République (Democratic Rally for the Republic); UNIMO = Union des Mongo (Union of Mongo, Mongo ethnic, 1960-1965); Unicentrale = Union de la Cuvette Centrale (Union of the Central Cuvette, progressive, breakaway faction of ABAKO); UNIDA = L'Union Dua Aruwimi Itimbiri (Union Dua Aruwimi Itimbiri, mainly ethnic Budja, est.1961); URDC = Union pour le Renouveau et le Développement du Congo (Union for the Revival and the Development of the Congo)

20 Aug 1917                Équateur/Evenaar province created in Belgian Congo
                             (incorporating the former districts of Bangala, Équateur,
                             Lac Léopold II, Lulonga and Ubangi). 
 1 Oct 1933                Coquilhatville/Coquilhatstad province created in reorganization.
27 May 1947                Renamed Équateur/Evenaar.
30 Jun 1960                Autonomous province of the Congo republic.
14 Aug 1962                Separation of the provinces of Cuvette Centrale and Ubangi;
                             the remaining part of the province comes under central 
                             administration.
 5 Feb 1963                Remaining part is reorganized as province of Moyen-Congo
                             (Middle Congo).
25 Apr 1966                Cuvette Centrale, Moyen-Congo, and Ubangi are reunited as
                             restored Équateur province.
 1 Jul 1966                Coquilhatville renamed Mbandaka.
11 Jul 2015                Split into provinces of Équateur, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi,
                             Sud-Ubangi, and Tshuapa.

Deputy Governors-general
1917 - 1919                Georges Brunon Joseph Marie        (b. 1875 - d. 1958)
                             Moulaert 
1919 - 25 Oct 1921         Alphonse Engels                    (b. 1880 - d. 1962)
                             (interim to 19...)
1921 -  4 Oct 1924         Charles Marie Nestor Duchesne      (b. 1881 - d. 1945)
                             (interim to 1922)
Jan 1922 - Sep 1922        Georges Van der Kercken            (b. 1888 - d. 1953)
                             (acting for Duchesne)
 4 Oct 1924 - 1925         W.E. Parker (interim)
Governors and Deputy Governors-general
1925 - 24 Mar 1933         Charles Marie Nestor Duchesne      (s.a.)
1927 - 1928                J. Jorissen
                             (acting for Duchesne)
1929 - 1930                J. Jorissen
                             (acting for Duchesne)
Commissioners
1933 - 1934                J. Jorissen
11 Jul 1934 - 1935         E. Van de Cappelle                 (b. 1881 - d. 1937)
1935 - 1941                Eugène J.F. Henry (interim to 193.)
Governors
1941 - 1945                Eugène J.F. Henry
1945 - 1947                Van Hoeck (interim)
1947 - 1950                F. Wenner
1950                       Luc Breuls de Tiecken (1st time)   (b. 1900 - d. ....)
1950                       A. Gille
1950                       Luc Breuls de Tiecken (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1950 - 1951                Pierre Nauwelaert                  (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
1951 - 1953                Luc Breuls de Tiecken (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1953                       Comout -Commissioner
1953                       Desmet -Commissioner
1953                       Nicolas Muller -Commissioner       (b. 1903 - d. ....)
                             (1st time)
1953 - Jul 1954            Maurice De Ryck                    (b. 1900 - d. 1964)
1954 - 1955                Nicolas Muller -Commissioner       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1955 - 1956                Georges Schmit                     (b. 1908 - d. ....)
1956                       Nicolas Muller (3rd time)          (s.a.)
1956 - 1958                Odon Spitaels                      (b. 1912 - d. ....)
1957                       Alphonse De Valkeneer              (b. 1898 - d. 1973)
                             (acting for Spitaels)
1958 - 30 Jun 1960         Alphonse De Valkeneer              (s.a.)
President
30 Jun 1960 - 14 Aug 1962  Laurent Eketebi                    (b. 1936 - d. 2006)  PUNA
Governors (1972-80, Commissioners)
25 Apr 1966 -  3 Jan 1967  Léon Engulu                        (b. 1934)            Unicentrale
 3 Jan 1967 -  9 Aug 1968  Jonas Mukamba (1st time)           (b. 1931)            MPR
 9 Aug 1968 - 12 Mar 1969  Denis Paluku                       (b. 1936 - d. 2014)  MPR
12 Mar 1969 -  5 Aug 1969  Édouard Bulundwe                   (b. 1932)            MPR
 5 Aug 1969 - 23 Dec 1970  Henri-Désiré Takizala              (b. 1936 - d. 2000)  MPR
23 Dec 1970 - 19 Mar 1974  Oscar Ngoma                                             MPR
                             (from 1972, Ngoma Ntoto Bwangi)
19 Mar 1974 - 23 Jun 1975  Mbala Mbabu                        (b. 1938)            MPR
23 Jun 1975 - 21 Feb 1978  Loposo Nzela Balombe                                    MPR
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980  Namwisi Ma Nkoy                                         MPR
18 Jan 1980 - 27 Aug 1980  Mpambia Musanga Bekaja (1st time)  (b. 1935)            MPR
27 Aug 1980 - 19 Mar 1983  Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba             (s.a.)               MPR
                             (= Jonas Mukamba)(2nd time) 
19 Mar 1983 - 21 Mar 1984  Kititwa Tumansi Benga Tundu        (b. 1929 - d. 2000)  MPR
21 Mar 1984 -  1 Jan 1985  Sabi Ngampoub Mubiem (interim)     (b. 1943)            MPR
 1 Jan 1985 - 26 Apr 1986  Mpambia Musanga Bekaja (2nd time)  (s.a.)               MPR
26 Apr 1986 - 20 Jul 1988  Mokolo Matamba Moful               (d. 1989)            MPR
20 Jul 1988 - 11 Jan 1990  Kisanga Kabongelo Gaston           (b. 1942)
12 Jan 1990 - Jun 1990     Fundu Nkota                        (b. 1943)
1990 - 199.                Lwabanji Ngabo Lwasi (interim)
199. - 199.                Basembe Emina
199. - 199.                Mpambia Musanga Bekaja (3rd time)  (s.a.)
199. - 199.                Tshala Muana
1992 - 1997                Njoku Ey'Obabe (Eugène Nzoko Eobaba)
Mar 1997 - 12 May 1997     Paul Mukobo Mundende               (b. 1937 - d. 2015)  Mil
Apr 1997 - Dec 1998        Gabriel Mola Motia                 (b. 1957)
Dec 1998 - Dec 1999        Édouard Modombo Kanzo (interim)
1999 - 2002                Christian Eleko Botuna             (b. 1950 - d. 2007)
Jan 2002 - 26 May 2004     Jean-Bertrand Ewanga               (b. 1952)            PPRD
26 May 2004 - 24 Feb 2007  Yves Mobando Yogo                  (b. 1955)           Société civile
24 Feb 2007 - Feb 2009     José Makila Sumanda                (b. 1959)            MLC
Feb 2009 - Apr 2013        Jean-Claude Baende                 (b. 1963)            ADH
                             (interim to Nov 2009) 
Apr 2013 - 22 Jul 2013     René Sébastien Bofaya Botaka       (b. 1954)            PPRD
                             Baende (interim)
22 Jul 2013 - 14 Dec 2014  Louis Alphonse Koyagialo           (b. 1947 - d. 2014)  PALU
 5 Sep 2013 - 29 Oct 2015  Sébastien Impeto Mpengo                                 PDC
                             (acting [for Koyagialo to 14 Dec 2014])

14 Aug 1962                Creation of the province of Cuvette Centrale.
25 Apr 1966                Part of restored Équateur province.

President (from Oct 1965, Governor)
Sep 1962 - 25 Apr 1966     Léon Engulu                        (b. 1934)            Unicentrale

 5 Feb 1963                Creation of the province of Moyen-Congo (Middle Congo).
Apr 1963 - 30 Jul 1963     Secessionist province of Bumba in part of the province.
25 Apr 1966                Part of restored Équateur province.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
 6 Apr 1963 - Jun 1964     Laurent Eketebi                    (b. 1936 - d. 2006)  PUNA
                            (de facto from 15 Sep 1962)
Apr 1963 - 30 Jul 1963     Denis Akundji                                           PUNA
                            (president of secessionist province of Bumba)
23 Jun 1964 - 10 Aug 1965  Augustin Engwanda                                       UNIDA
10 Aug 1965 - 25 Apr 1966  Denis Sakombi                      (b. 1929 - d. 1985)

14 Aug 1962                Creation of the province of Ubangi.
25 Apr 1966                Part of restored Équateur province.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
Sep 1962 - 20 Jul 1965     Alfred Nzondomyo                   (b. 1931 - d. 1984)  MEDA
20 Jul 1965 - 25 Apr 1966  Michel Denge                                            PARECO

Équateur

11 Jul 2015                A smaller Équateur province created from Équateur province.

Special commissioner
29 Oct 2015 - 26 Apr 2016  Roger Muamba Mombenza                                 
Governors
26 Apr 2016 -  8 Sep 2017  Tony Cassius Bolamba               (b. 1972)            Non-party
 8 Sep 2017 - 15 Oct 2017  Alexis Nkumu Isangola (1st time)   (b. 1965)            MLC
                             (acting)
15 Oct 2017 - 27 Dec 2017  Jeannine Intombi Embele (f)        (b. 1970)            Non-party
                             (acting)
27 Dec 2017 - Jan? 2018    Alexis Nkumu Isangola (2nd time)   (s.a.)               MLC
                             (acting)  
Jan? 2018 -                Bobo Boloko Bolumbu                (b. 1964)            Non-party

Mongala

11 Jul 2015                Mongala province created from Équateur province.

Special commissioner
29 Oct 2015 - Apr 2016     Marceline Mondjiba Akondowa (f)    (b. 1969)            AFDC
Governors
Apr 2016 - Jan 2018        Bienvenu Essimba Baluwa Bolea      (b. 1973)            Non-party
Jan 2018 - May 2019        Louis Mbonga Magalu Engwanda       (b. 1953)            AFDC
May 2019 - 15 Jan 2021     Crispin Ngbundu Malengo (1st time) (b. 1973)            Non-party
15 Jan 2021 -  3 Feb 2021  Marie-Clémentine Sole Ekungola (f) (b. 1969)            ADRP
                             (acting)
 3 Feb 2021 - 12 May 2021  Crispin Ngbundu Malengo (2nd time) (s.a.)               Non-party
12 May 2021 - 16 Aug 2022  Serge Mongulu Mandubola (acting)   (b. 1972)            Non-party
16 Aug 2022 -              César Limbaya Mbangisa             (b. 1973)            Non-party

Nord-Ubangi
 
11 Jul 2015                Nord-Ubangi province created from Équateur province.

Special commissioner; from 18 Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - May 2019     Marie-Thérèse Gerengbo (f)         (b. 1951)            PPRD
May 2019 - 20 Apr 2022     Izato Nzege Koloke                 (b. 1984)            Non-party
20 Apr 2022 - 31 Aug 2022  Oscar Oshobale Oyozu
31 Aug 2022 -              Malo Mobutu Ndimba                 (b. 1982)            Non-party

Sud-Ubangi

11 Jul 2015                Sud-Ubangi province created from Équateur province.

Special commissioner
29 Oct 2015 - 18 Apr 2016  Jean Robert Kolonga                                     PPRD
Governors
18 Apr 2016 - Oct? 2017    José Makila Sumanda                (b. 1959)            MLC
Oct? 2017 - Aug 2019       Joachim Taila Nage                 (b. 1962)            Non-party  
Aug 2019 -                 Jean-Claude Mabenze Gbey Benz      (b. 1964)            Ind

Tshuapa

11 Jul 2015                Tshuapa province created from Équateur province.

Special commissioner; from 9 Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - 28 Oct 2016  Cyprien Lomboto (1st time)         (b. 1952)            PPRD
28 Oct 2016 - 10 Mar 2017  Marie-Josée Ifoku (f) (acting)     (b. 1965)            AENC
10 Mar 2017 - Oct? 2017    Cyprien Lomboto (2nd time)         (s.a.)               PPRD
Oct? 2017 -                Pancrace Boongo Nkoy               (b. 1961)            PPRD

 8 Oct 1918                Congo-Kasaï/Kongo-Kasaï province created as part of Belgian Congo 
                             by incorporating the districts Bas-Congo, Moyen-Congo, Kasaï, 
                             Kwango and Sankuru.
 1 Oct 1933                Lusambo province created in reorganization (from Kasaï
                             and Sankuru [the two eastern districts of the former
                             vice-government general of Congo-Kasaï] and parts of the 
                             districts of Léopold II [in Équateur] and Lomami [in Katanga]).
27 May 1947                Renamed Kasaï.
30 Jun 1960                Autonomous province of the Congo republic.
14 Aug 1962                Division of Kasaï into five new provinces: Lomami, Luluabourg,
                             Sankuru, Sud-Kasaï (South Kasai), and Unité Kasaïenne.
25 Apr 1966                Lomami, Sankuru, and Sud-Kasaï are reunited as the new
                             province of Kasaï Oriental; Luluabourg and Unité Kasaïenne
                             are united to form the province of Kasaï Occidental.
 1 Jul 1966                Luluabourg renamed Kananga.
15 Jul 2015                Kasaï Oriental split into provinces of Kasaï Oriental, Lomami,
                             and Sankuru; Kasaï Occidental split into Kasaï and Kasaï Central.
 

Deputy Governors-general
18 Oct 1918 - 1922         Léon Guilain Bureau                (b. 1869 - d. 1944)
1922 - 1925                Alphonse Engels                    (b. 1880 - d. 1962)
Governors and Deputy Governors-general
1925 - 19 Jun 1929         Alphonse Engels                    (s.a.)
19 Jun 1929 -  5 Jan 1932  Joseph Beernaert                   (b. 1883 - d. 1950)
17 Aug 1932 - 30 Sep 1933  Paul Charles Ermens                (b. 1884 - d. 1957)
Commissioners
 1 Oct 1933 - 17 Aug 1940  Constant Wauters                   (d. 1956)
11 Sep 1940 - 1941         François Wenner
Governors
1941 -  9 Jun 1944         François Wenner
Jul 1944 - 1945            Albert-Émile, comte de Beauffort   (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
 7 Feb 1945 - 21 Sep 1945  René P. Preys
21 Sep 1945 - 19 Jul 1948  Léon Hofkens                       (b. 1894 - d. 1972)
19 Jul 1948 - 11 Apr 1952  Firmin Peigneux                    (b. 1904 - d. 1968)
11 Apr 1952 - 27 Mar 1955  Roger Le Bussy
20 Apr 1955 - 27 Sep 1955  Jean Paelinck                      (b. 1906 - d. 1961)
 1 Oct 1955 - 22 Jun 1958  Antoine Lamborelle
 1 Jul 1958 - 1960         Louis De Jaegher                   (b. 1908 - d. 1973)
1960 - 31 May 1960         L. Henrotaux (acting)
General Extraordinary Commissioner
31 May 1960 - 30 Jun 1960  Marcel Matterne                   
Presidents
30 Jun 1960 - Dec 1961     Barthélemy Mukenge (1st time)      (b. 1925 - d. 2018)  UNC
Jan 1962 - May 1962        André Guillaume Lubaya             (b. 1932 - d. 1968)  UNC
 9 Jun 1962 - 14 Aug 1962  Barthélemy Mukenge (2nd time)      (s.a.)               UNC

14 Aug 1962                Province separated from Kasaï.
25 Apr 1966                Part of new province of Kasaï Oriental.

President (from 1965, Governors)
15 Sep 1962 - Apr 1966     Dominique Manono                   (b. 19.. - d. 2007)
18 Apr 1966 - 25 Apr 1966  Jean-Marie Kikalanga

14 Aug 1962                Province separated from Kasaï.
25 Apr 1966                Part of new province of Kasaï Occidental.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
Sep 1962 - Sep 1963        François Luakabwanga (1st time)
Sep 1963 - 25 Sep 1964     André Guillaume Lubaya             (b. 1932 - d. 1968)  UNC-L
25 Sep 1964 - Dec 1965     François Luakabwanga (2nd time)
Jan 1966 - 18 Apr 1966     Constantin Tshilumba               (d. 1999)
18 Apr 1966 - 25 Apr 1966  François Luakabwanga (3rd time)

14 Aug 1962                Province separated from Kasaï.
25 Apr 1966                Part of new province of Kasaï Oriental.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
14 Sep 1962 - Dec 1963     André Diumasumbu                   (b. 1936)            MNC-L
Jan 1963 - Apr 1963        Athanase Ndjadi (in rebellion)                          MPS
27 Dec 1963 - Jun 1965     Paul Marcel Sumbu                  (b. c.1930)
Jun 1965 - 27 Jan 1966     Benoît Wetshindjadi
18 Apr 1966 - 25 Apr 1966  Étienne Kihuyu                     (b. 1930)            MNC-L

14 Jun 1960                The Luba-Kasaï declare their independence of the province
                             of Kasaï (not from Congo) under the provisional name 
                             Miniére (Mining) province (made up of the territories of 
                             Tshikapa, Bakwanga, Ngandajika, and parts of Tshokwe).
 9 Aug 1960                Proclamation of the autonomous État Minier du Sud-Kasaï
                             (Mining State of South Kasai).
 1 Sep 1960                État Autonome du Sud-Kasaï (Autonomous State of Sud-Kasaï).
 8 Apr 1961                État Fédéré du Sud-Kasaï (Federated State of South Kasai).
 1 Jun 1961                Royaume Fédéré du Sud-Kasaï (Federated Kingdom of South Kasai).
30 Dec 1961                Reconquest of the region by the central government.
14 Aug 1962                Creation of the province of Sud-Kasaï (out of the Bakwanga 
                             and Gandajika territories of the former Kasaï province). 
 2 Oct 1962                Re-integration declared completed.
25 Apr 1966                Part of new province of Kasaï Oriental.

President
 9 Aug 1960 - 12 Apr 1961  Albert Kalonji                     (b. 1929 - d. 2015)  MNC-K
                             (from 1 Mar 1961, Albert Kalonji Ditunga;
                             in Katanga exile 25-29 Aug/3 Sep 1960)
King (style mulopwe)¹
12 Apr 1961 - 30 Dec 1961² Albert I Kalonji Ditunga           (s.a.)               MNC-K
Special Commissioner
Aug 1962 - Oct 1962        Sébastien Ikolo                    (b. 1934)            MNC
Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
12 Oct 1962 - Jul 1965     Joseph Ngalula                     (b. 1928)            MNC
Aug 1965 - 25 Apr 1966     Jonas Mukamba                      (b. 1931)            PSD

Prime minister
14 Jun 1960 -  1 Jun 1961  Joseph Ngalula                     (s.a.)               MNC-K

 ¹On 12 Apr 1961 Kalonji assembled notables and they proclaimed Kalonji's father Edmond Mukanya Mulenda (d. 1969) as mulopwe, the traditional Luba imperial style. The new mulopwe immediately abdicated in favor of Albert. In addition, Kalonji also claimed the style: Souverain Possesseur des Terres occupées par les Balubas ("Sovereign of the Lands Occupied by the Baluba"). On 16 Jul 1961 he rejected royalty status, but retained the mulopwe title. 

 ²Kalonji was arrested 30 Dec 1961, but escaped in 7 Sep 1962 and set up a new government that was terminated in 1 Oct 1962.

Party abbreviations: MNC-K = Mouvement National Congolais-Kalonji (Congolese National Movement - Kalonji faction, A. Kalonji personalist, moderate, split from MNC, 1959-62); PSD = Parti Social Democrate Africain (African Democratic Social Party, est.1963)

1962                       Territory of Mwene Ditu is intended to become part of the
                             new province of Sud-Kasaï, but as parts of its population
                             want to join other provinces, it is decided to hold a
                             plebiscite and until that time the territory is neutralized
                             and governed separately by special administrators.
                             The territory was also claimed by the provinces of Luluabourg
                             until May 1964 and by Lualaba from May 1964.
19 Apr 1965                Plebiscite decides in favor of Lualaba province; this is
                             not recognized by Sud-Kasaï and unrest follows; as a
                             consequence a state of emergency is proclaimed and a
                             commissioner of the republic takes over.
11 Feb 1966                After direct intervention by Mobutu, an agreement is reached 
                             between the two provinces and Lualaba gives up its claims.
18 Feb 1966                Territory formally annexed to Sud-Kasaï.

Special Administrators (Administrateurs spéciaux du territoire)
18 Dec 1962 - 30 Apr 1965  Daniel Ilonga
Apr 1965 -  7 May 1965     Antoine Panzout
 7 May 1965 - 15 Sep 1965  Louis Abdala
Commissioner of the Republic
15 Sep 1965 - 18 Feb 1966  Michel Ndju                                              Mil

14 Aug 1962                Province separated from Kasaï.
25 Apr 1966                Part of new province of Kasaï Occidental.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
Sep 1962 - Dec 1963        Grégoire Kamanga                   (b. 1927 - d. 1973)  COAKA
Jan 1964 - Dec 1965        François Minga Mbengele                                 MNC-L
Jan 1966 - 25 Apr 1966     Robert William Mbombo

18 Jul 2015                Split into provinces of Kasaï and Kasaï Central.

Governors (1972-80, Commissioners)
25 Apr 1966 -  3 Jan 1967  François Luakabwanga
 3 Jan 1967 -  9 Aug 1968  Paul Muhona                        (b. 1931?)
 9 Aug 1968 - 23 Dec 1970  André William Ntikala
23 Dec 1970 - 24 Feb 1972  Daniel Monguya Mbenge
24 Feb 1972 - 19 Mar 1974  Henri-Désiré Takizala              (b. 1936 - d. 2000)
19 Mar 1974 - 10 Feb 1976  Ngoma Toto Bwangi
10 Feb 1976 - 20 Oct 1976  Ndebo-a-Kanda-di-Ne Kenza
 7 May 1977 - 21 Jan 1978  Mpika Masamba Ngolomiso
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980  Konde Vila Kikanda                 (b. 1939 - d. 2020)
18 Jan 1980 - 27 Aug 1980  Kamakanda N'koma
27 Aug 1980 - 19 Mar 1983  Kyembwa wa Lumona
19 Mar 1983 -  1 Jan 1985  Zamundu Angenong'Ka
 1 Jan 1985 - 1988?        Bangala Basila (or Basira)         (b. 1943)
20 Jul 1988 - 19..         Bomandeke Bonyeka                  (b. 1937)
19.. - 19..                Duga Kugbetoro
19.. - 199.                Mpambia Musanga Bekaja             (b. 1935)
1994 - 1997                Benoit Janvier Tshibuabua Kapy'a   (b. c.1953)
                             Kalubi
Oct? 1997 - 1999           Pascal Tshitoka Ngalamulume                             RCD
1999 - Apr 2006            Claudel André Lubaya               (b. 1968)            2002:PPRD
Apr 2006 - 16 Oct 2006     Gilbert Tshiongo Tshibinkubula     (b. 1942 - d. 2021)  PPRD
                             wa Ntumba
16 Oct 2006 - 16 Mar 2007  Symphorien Mutombo Bakafwa Nsenda  (b. 1943)            PAR
16 Mar 2007 -  2 Mar 2011  Trésor Kapuku Ngoy                                      PPRD
Jun 2007 - Aug 2007        Hubert Mbingho (acting for Ngoy)   (b. 1995)            PPRD
 2 Mar 2011 - 18 Apr 2011  Hubert Mbingho (acting)            (s.a.)               PPRD
18 Apr 2011 -  6 Jun 2012  Hubert Kabasubabo                  (b. 1961)            PPRD
 6 Jun 2012 -  9 Feb 2013  Jean Mwamba Kantu-Ka-Njila (acting)
 9 Feb 2013 - 29 Oct 2015  Alex Kande Mupompa                 (b. 1950)            Non-party

Kasaï

18 Jul 2015                Kasaï province created from Kasaï Occidental province.

Special commissioner; from Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - 10 May 2019  Marc Manyanga Ndambo               (b. 1956)            PPRD
10 May 2019 -              Dieudonné Pieme Tutokot            (b. 1966)            PPRD

Kasaï Central

18 Jul 2015                Kasaï Central province created from Kasaï Occidental province.

Special commissioner; from Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 -  4 Oct 2017  Alex Kande Mupompa                 (b. 1950)            ADR
 4 Oct 2017 - 18 Jan 2018  Justin Milonga Milonga (acting)    (b. 1966)            PPRD
18 Jan 2018 - 12 Mar 2019  Denis Kambayi Cimbumbu             (b. 1966)            PPRD
12 Mar 2019 -  7 May 2019  Manix Kabuanga wa Kabuanga         (b. 1964)            CAC
                             (acting)
 7 May 2019 -  2 Jul 2020  Martin Kabuya Mulamba Kabitanga    (b. 1970)            Non-party
 2 Jul 2020 -  4 Nov 2020  Ambroise Kamukuny Mukinay          (b. 1955 - d. 2020)  NBP
                             (acting)
 4 Nov 2020 - 20 Jun 2022  Tharcisse Kabatusuila Mbuyamba                          UDPS
                             (acting)
20 Jun 2022 -              John Kabeya Shikayi                (b. 1976)            UDPS

15 Jul 2015                Split into provinces of Kasaï Oriental, Lomami, and Sankuru.

Governors (1972-80, Commissioners)
25 Apr 1966 -  3 Jan 1967  Jonas Mukamba                      (b. 1931)
 3 Jan 1967 -  9 Aug 1968  Henri-Désiré Takizala              (b. 1936 - d. 2000)
 9 Aug 1968 - 23 Dec 1970  Bernard Ndebo
23 Dec 1970 -  9 Jul 1971  André William Ntikala
 9 Jul 1971 - 24 Feb 1972  Derikoye Tite Avungara
24 Feb 1972 - 15 Jul 1972  Boji Dieudonné
15 Jul 1972 - 19 Mar 1974  Mozagba Ngbuka
19 Mar 1974 - 10 Feb 1976  Matabisi Iyualeke Ilande           (b. 1934 - d. 1996)
                             (= Jacques Matabisi)
10 Feb 1976 - 21 Jan 1978  Kyalwe Mihambo
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980  Kamakanda N'koma
18 Jan 1980 - 10 Oct 1981  Efambe Ey'Olanga
10 Oct 1981 - 19 Mar 1983  Zamundu Agenong'Ka
19 Mar 1983 -  1 Jan 1985  Duga Kugbe Toro                    (b. 1935? - d. 2010)
 1 Jan 1985 - 10 Mar 1985  Konde Vila Kikanda                 (b. 1939 - d. 2020)
10 Mar 1985 - 26 Apr 1986  Mananga Dintoka Pholo              (b. 1946)
26 Apr 1986 - 1987         Mpambia Musanga Bekaja             (b. 1935)
198. - 198.                Bangala Basila                     (b. 1943)
198. - 198.                Bashala Kantu wa Milandu (1st time)(b. 19.. - d. 2021)
1989 - Nov 1991            Kakule Mbayingana                  (b. 1947 - d. 2011)
14 Nov 1991 - 19 Mar 1992  Grégoire Dikonda wa Lumanyisha     (d. 1992)
1992 - 1995?               Bashala Kantu wa Milandu (2nd time)(s.a.)               PANAP
1995? - Nov 1997           Mbuyi Mulomba
27 Nov 1997 - Jan 1999?    Omer Kamba
15 Mar 1999 - 1999         Jean-Charles Okoto                 (b. 1955)
1999? - Mar 2001           Paul Kabongo Misasa
Mar 2001 - 26 May 2004     Jean-Marie Mbala Muana
26 May 2004 - 16 Mar 2007  Dominique Kanku                    (b. 1963)            RCD-N
16 Mar 2007 - 29 Oct 2015  Alphonse Ngoy Kasanji              (b. 1963)            PPRD

Kasaï Oriental

15 Jul 2015                A smaller Kasaï Oriental province created from Kasaï Oriental
                             province.

Special commissioner; from Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 -  8 May 2019  Alphonse Ngoyi Kasanji             (b. 1963)            PPRD
 8 May 2019 - 17 Apr 2021  Jean Maweja Muteba                 (b. 1958)            UDPS
17 Apr 2021 - 23 Jun 2022  Jeannette Longa Musuamba (f)       (b. 1955)            RDT
                             (acting)
23 Jun 2022 -              Patrick Mathias Kabeya Matshi      (b. 1980)            UDPS
                             Abidi

Lomami

15 Jul 2015                Lomami province re-created from of Kasaï Oriental province.

Special commissioner; from Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - 10 May 2019  Patrice Kamanda                    (b. 1963)            PPRD
10 May 2019 -  4 Jun 2021  Sylvain Lubamba Mayombo            (b. 1964)            PPRD
 4 Jun 2021 - 28 Jun 2022  Édouard Mulumba Mudiandambu        (b. 1956)            PPRD
                             (acting)
28 Jun 2022 -              Nathan Ilunga Numbi                (b. 1979)            MCR

Sankuru

15 Jul 2015                Sankuru province re-created from Kasaï Oriental province.

Special commissioner; from 9 Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - Mar? 2019    Berthold Ulungu Ekunda             (b. 1954)            CCU
Mar? 2019 -  8 Sep 2019    Pierre Lokadi Otete (acting)       (b. 1951)            PPRD
 8 Sep 2019 - 30 Nov 2021  Joseph Stéphane Mukumadi           (b. 1982)            Ind
                             (temporarily in opposition to Tchyabilo, as below)
30 Dec 2019 - Jan 2020     Paul Tchyabilo Nckoto (1st time)                        Ind
                             (acting)
 5 Nov 2021 - 27 Jun 2022  Paul Tchyabilo Nckoto (2nd time)                        Ind
                             (acting)
27 Jun 2022 -              Jules Lodi Emongo                  (b. 1975)            Ind

15 Apr 1891                The administration of the Katangese areas conquered by the
                             Congo Free State is entrusted to the Compagnie du Katanga;
                             however, no effective administration is set up.
19 Jun 1900                Katanga is entrusted to the Comité Spécial du Katanga¹, an 
                             administration fully separated from that of the Congo is 
                             established.
 1 Sep 1910                Katanga is integrated into the Belgian Congo, but retains a large
                             measure of autonomy.
 1 Oct 1933                Autonomy abrogated; Renamed province of Elisabethville/
                             Elisabethstad, at the same time part of Lomami-district 
                             transferred to the province of Kasaï.
27 May 1947                Renamed Katanga.
30 Jun 1960                Autonomous province of the Congo republic.
11 Jul 1960                Proclamation of the independent State of Katanga.
Aug 1960 - Jun 1964        United Nations forces deployed to Katanga.
Nov 1961                   Conquest of northern Katanga by the central government;
                             organization of the province of Nord-Katanga (North Katanga).
21 Jan 1963                Conquest of the remaining parts of Katanga and division of
                             the territory into two provinces: Lualaba and Katanga Oriental.
 1 Jul 1966                Élisabethville renamed Lumbumbashi.
28 Dec 1966                Reconstruction of the province of Katanga.
 2 Jan 1972                Katanga renamed Shaba.
15 May 1997                Name Katanga restored.
16 Jul 2015                Split into provinces of Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba,
                             and Tanganyika.

Administrator of the Compagnie du Katanga
Apr 1891 - 19 Jun 1900     Albert Jean-Baptiste Thys          (b. 1849 - d. 1915)
Chairman of the Comité Spécial du Katanga (CSK)
Jun 1900 - 1929            Hubert Droogmans                   (b. 1858 - d. 1938)
Representatives of the CSK in Katanga (governors)
1900 - 14 Jan 1903         Auguste Weyns                      (b. 1854 - d. 1944)
14 Jan 1903 - 1906         Léon Tonneau (1st time)            (b. 1863 - d. 1919)
26 Jul 1906 - 1908         Émile Wangermée (1st time)         (b. 1855 - d. 1924)
31 Sep 1908 - Sep 1909     Léon Tonneau (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1909 -  1 Sep 1910         Émile Wangermée (2nd time)         (s.a.)
Governors and Deputy Governors-general
 1 Sep 1910 - May 1914     Émile Wangermée                    (s.a.)
Nov 1911 - Nov 1912        Justin Malfeyt                     (b. 1862 - d. 1924)
                             (acting for Wangermée) 
Jun 1914 - Feb 1915        Charles Henry Marie Ernest Tombeur,(b. 1867 - d. 1947)
                             baron Tombeur de Tabora (1st time)
Feb 1915 - Feb 1917        Adolphe de Meulemeester            (b. 1870 - d. 1944)
Feb 1917 - Jun 1918        Ferdinand, baron de Renette de     (b. 1869 - d. 1947)
                             Villers-Perwin
Jun 1918 -  2 Sep 1920     Charles Henry Marie Ernest Tombeur,(s.a.)
                             baron Tombeur de Tabora (2nd time)
Sep 1920 - Oct 1921        Léopold de Koninck (acting)        (b. 1874 - d. 1957)  
10 Nov 1921 - 27 Jan 1923  Martin Joseph Marie René Rutten    (b. 1876 - d. 1944)
 6 Mar 1923 - Feb 1924     Gaston René Heenen (1st time)      (b. 1880 - d. 1963)
Feb 1924 - Sep 1925        Léon Guilain Bureau (1st time)     (b. 1869 - d. 1944)
Sep 1925 - Jun 1926        Gaston René Heenen (2nd time)      (s.a.)
Jun 1926 - 27 May 1928     Léon Guilain Bureau (1st time)     (s.a.)
27 May 1928 - 12 Aug 1931  Gaston René Heenen (3rd time)      (s.a.)
 1 Sep 1931 - 30 Mar 1932  Louis Joseph Postiaux              (b. 1882 - d. 1948)
30 Mar 1932 - 23 Sep 1933  Gaston René Heenen (4th time)      (s.a.)
Commissioner
 1 Oct 1933 - 1941         Amour Émile Maron                  (b. 1891 - d. 1948)
Governors
1941 - 14 Feb 1946         Amour Émile Maron                  (s.a.)
14 Feb 1946 -  1 Jul 1948  Henri Léon Keyser 
 1 Jul 1948 - 24 Apr 1951  Marie Joseph Guillaume Ziegler de  (b. 1890 - d. 1979)
                             Ziegleck auf Rheingrub 
 5 May 1951 - 12 Dec 1955  René Wauthion (Whauthion)          (b. 1894 - d. 19..)
 6 Jan 1956 - 16 Sep 1958  Jean Henri Paelinck                (b. 1906 - d. 1961) 
16 Sep 1958 - 30 Jun 1960  André Schöller                     (b. 1908 - d. 1992)
                             (also deputy governor-general)
President
16 Jun 1960 - 14 Jan 1963  Moïse Kapenda Tshombe              (b. 1919 - d. 1969)  CONAKAT
                            (president of the Provisional 
                             Government 11 Jul - 8 Aug 1960;
                             Congo prisoner 26 Apr - 22 Jun 1961)
26 Apr 1961 - 22 Jun 1961  Godefroid Munongo Mwenda M'Siri    (b. 1925 - d. 1992)  CONAKAT
                           + Jean-Baptiste Kibwe              (b. 1924 - d. 2008)  CONAKAT
                           + Joseph Kiwele                    (b. 1912 - d. 1961)  CONAKAT 
                           (acting for imprisoned Tshombé)

UN Representatives in Katanga (in Élisabethville [Lubumbashi])
(subordinated to UN Officers-in-Charge, in Léopoldville [Kinshasa], Congo)
Aug 1960 - Mar 1961        Ian Ellis Berendsen (New Zealand)  (b. 1919 - d. 2001)
Mar 1961 - May 1961        Georges Dumontet (France)(1st time)(b. 1907 - d. 1993)
                             (acting)
Jun 1961 - Nov 1961        Conor Cruise O'Brien (Ireland)     (b. 1917 - d. 2008)
Nov 1961 - Jan 1962        Brian Edward Urquhart (U.K.)       (b. 1919 - d. 2021)
                             (acting for O'Brien)
Dec 1961                   George Ivan Smith (Australia)      (b. 1915 - d. 1995)
27 Dec 1961 - Jan 1962     Georges Dumontet (France)(2nd time)(s.a.)
Jan 1962 - Jun 1962        Jose Rolz-Bennett (Guatemala)      (b. 1918 - d. 1972)
Jun 1962                   Jean H. Back (France)
Jun 1962 - May 1963        Eliud Wambu Mathu (Kenya)          (b. 1910 - d. 1993)
                             (acting for Back)
Jan 1963 - Feb 1963        George L. Sherry (U.S.) (acting)   (b. 1924 - d. 2011)
May 1963 - Jun 1964        Azim an-Nashashibi (Jordan)

UN Commanders in Katanga
Aug 1960 - Dec 1960        H.W. Byone (Ireland)
Mar 1961 - Apr 1962        K.A.S. Raja (India)                (b. 1917 - d. ....)
                             (= Kottimukula Alagaraja Singaparaja)
May 1962 - Apr 1963        Dewan Prem Chand (India)           (b. 1916 - d. 2003)
Apr 1963 - Jun 1963        Worku Metaferia (Ethiopia)(acting)
Jun 1963 - Jun 1964        Abebe Teferra (Ethiopia)

Party abbreviation: CONAKAT = Confédération des Associations Tribales du Katanga (Confederation of Tribal Associations of Katanga, Katangan secessionist, Lunda dominated, 1958-1963)

 8 Jul 1963                After the formation of the provinces of Nord-Katanga
                             and Lualaba the remaining part of Katanga is reorganized
                             as the new province of Katanga Oriental.
24 Apr 1966                United with Lualaba to form Sud-Katanga.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
13 Aug 1963 - 20 Jul 1965  Édouard Bulundwe                   (b. 1932)
20 Jul 1965 - 24 Apr 1966  Godefroid Munongo Mwenda M'Siri    (b. 1925 - d. 1992)

30 Jun 1963                Province of Lualaba separated from Katanga.
24 Apr 1966                United with Katanga Oriental to form Sud-Katanga.

President (from 1965, Governor)
23 Sep 1963 - 24 Apr 1966  Dominique Diur                     (b. 1929)

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
20 Oct 1960 - Mar 1961     Prosper Mwamba-Ilunga (1st time)   (b. 1930?)           BALUBAKAT
11 Sep 1962 - 27 Sep 1963  Prosper Mwamba-Ilunga (2nd time)   (s.a.)               BALUBAKAT
27 Sep 1963 - 15 Mar 1964  Jason Sendwe (1st time)            (b. 1917 - d. 1964)  BALUBAKAT
15 Mar 1964 - 21 Apr 1964  Fortunat Kabange Numbi             (b. 1934 - d. 1964)
21 Apr 1964 - 18 Jun 1964  Jason Sendwe (2nd time)            (s.a.)               BALUBAKAT
22 Jun 1964 - Jul 1964     Ildephonse Masengo                 (b. c.1935 - d. 1969)
                            (head of a provisional government for the whole Katanga
                             province, in fact the territories occupied by the forces
                             of the People's Republic)
22 Jul 1965 -  5 Nov 1966  Henri Ndala Kambola                (b. 1925 - d. 2005) 
                            (administrator since Aug 1964?)

Party abbreviation: BALUBAKAT = Association des Baluba du Katanga (Association of the Baluba of Katanga, left-wing, pro-Congolese unification, Baluba dominated, 1957-1965)

22 Apr 1966                Katanga Oriental and Lualaba united to form Sud-Katanga.
 5 Nov 1966                Administration by central government.
28 Dec 1966                Part of restored province of Katanga.

Governor
24 Apr 1966 -  5 Nov 1966  Godefroid Munongo Mwenda M'Siri    (b. 1925 - d. 1992)

20 Jan 1899                Tanganyika Concessions Ltd. (TCL) founded under Tyndale White
                             to prospect for minerals in Katanga.
1900                       Mining concession granted to the Tanganyika Concessions Ltd.
28 Oct 1906                Creation of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga ("Mining Union of
                             Upper Katanga"), entrusted by the Congo Free State with the
                             exploitation of the mineral resources of Katanga by merger of
                             the TLC and Comité Spécial du Katanga.
31 Dec 1966                Activities and belongings of the UMHK taken over by the
                             Congolese government.

Managing Director of the Tanganyika Concessions Limited
1899 - 1906                Robert Williams                    (b. 1860 - d. 1938)
Agent of the Tanganyika Concessions Limited (in Africa)
1899 - Jul 1906            George Grey                        (b. 1866 - d. 1911)
Chairmen of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (in Brussels)¹
1906 - 1913                Ferdinand, baron Baeyens           (b. 1837 - d. 1914)
1913 - 1932                Jean Jadot                         (b. 1862 - d. 1932)
1932 - 1939                Félicien Cattier (1st time)        (b. 1869 - d. 1946)
1939 - 1944                Alexandre Marie Albert Galopin     (b. 1879 - d. 1944)
1944                       Félicien Cattier (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
1944 - 1947                Firmin Van Bree                    (b. 1880 - d. 1960)
1947 - 1955                Gaston Blaise                      (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
1955 - 1963                Paul Gillet                        (b. 1891 - d. 1964)
1963 - 1965                Edgar Van Der Straeten             (b. 1894 - d. 1986)
1966                       Louis Wallef                       (b. 1901 - d. 1971)
Directors-general of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (in Africa)¹
1910 - 1912                Eugène Halewijck                   (b. 1866 - d. 1940)
1912 - 1918                Preston King Horner                (b. 1885 - d. 1964)
1918 - 1919                Edgar Sengier                      (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
1920 - 1922                Jules Cousin                       (b. 1884 - d. 1965)
1923 - 1927                Léon Rasson                        (b. 1875 - d. 1932)
1927 - 1929                Joseph De Mulder
1931                       Henry Barzin                       (b. 1881 - d. 1971)
1932                       Gaston Deladrière                  (b. 1886 - d. 1965)
1933 - 1936                Henri Heymans                      (b. 1883 - d. 1936)
1936 - 1945                Aimé Marthoz                       (b. 1894 - d. 1962)
1946 - 1950                Louis Wallef                       (s.a.)
1951 - 1957                Maurice Van Weyenbergh             (b. 1900 - d. 1983)
1958 - 1966                Gérard Assoignon                   (b. 1909 - d. 2003)

 2 Jan 1972                Katanga renamed Shaba.
15 May 1997                Name Katanga restored.
16 Jul 2015                Split into provinces of Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba,
                             and Tanganyika.

Governors (1972-80, Commissioners)
 3 Jan 1967 - Aug 1967     Jean Faustin Manzikala             (b. 1937)
1967                       Masiala Kinkela                    (b. 1929 - d. 1975)
1967 - 1968                Denis Paluku                       (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
1968 - 1970                Léon Engulu                        (b. 1934) 
1970 - 1972                Henri-Désiré Takizala              (b. 1936 - d. 2000)
1972 - 1973                Daniel Monguya Mbenge 
1973 - 1975                Duga Kugbe Toro (1st time)         (b. 1935? - d. 2010)
1975 - 1977                Assumani Busanya Lukili
1977 - 1978                Efambe Ey'Olanga
1978 - Jan 1980            Alexandre Singa Boyenge Mosambayi  (b. 1932 - d. 2001)
Jan 1980 - Jan 1985        Antoine Mandungu Bula Nyati        (b. 1935 - d. 2000)
Jan 1985 - 1986            Duga Kugbe Toro (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1986 - May 1990            Koyagialo Ngbase te Gerengbo       (b. 1947 - d. 2014)
                             (= Louis Alphonse Koyagialo)
May 1990 - Nov 1991        Bonaventure Konde Vila Kikanda     (b. 1939 - d. 2020)
1991 - Apr 1995            Antoine Gabriel Kyungu wa Kumwanza (b. 1938 - d. 2021)
                             (1st time)
1995 - 1997                Benjamin Thadée Ngoie Mulume
Mar 1997 - Apr 1997        Antoine Gabriel Kyungu wa Kumwanza (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
Apr 1997 - Apr 1998        Gaëtan Kukudji                     (b. 1942 - d. 2009) 
Apr 1998 - Apr 2001        Augustin Katumba Mwanke            (b. 1963 - d. 2012)
Apr 2001 - Nov 2001        Jacques Muyumba (interim)          (b. 1966)
26 Nov 2001 - May 2004     Aimé Ngoy Mukena Lusa              (b. 1954 - d. 2022)  PPRD
26 May 2004 - 24 Feb 2007  Urbain Kisula Ngoy                 (b. 1940 - d. 2018)  Mayi-Mayi
24 Feb 2007 - Sep 2015     Moïse Katumbi Chapwe               (b. 1964)            PPRD
Sep 2015 - 29 Oct 2015     Guibert Paul Yav Tshibal (interim) (b. 1945)            PPRD

 ¹During the German occupation of Belgium 1914-1918, the Belgian leadership of the UMHK went into exile in London, while the CSK ceased its activities. During the second occupation of Belgium, 1940-1944, both ceased their activities. The management of the affairs of the UMHK was taken over by the American African Metals Corporation based in New York. 

Haut-Katanga

16 Jul 2015                Haut-Katanga province created from Katanga province.

Special commissioner
29 Oct 2015 - 12 Apr 2016  Félicien Katanga Lokunda
Governors
12 Apr 2016 - 22 Apr 2017  Jean-Claude Kazembe Musonda        (b. 1963 - d. 2021)  PPRD
                             (1st time)
22 Apr 2017 - 26 May 2017  Célestin Pande Kapopo (1st time)   (b. 1952)            PPRD
                             (interim)
26 May 2017 - Sep 2017     Jean-Claude Kazembe Musonda        (s.a.)               PPRD
                             (2nd time) 
Sep 2017 - 20 May 2019     Célestin Pande Kapopo (2nd time)   (s.a.)               PPRD
20 May 2019 -              Jacques Kyabula Katwe              (b. 1976)            PPRD

Haut-Lomami

16 Jul 2015                Haut-Lomami province created from Katanga province.

Special ommissioner
29 Oct 2015 - 30 Apr 2016  Raymond Mande Mutombo
Governors
30 Apr 2016 - Oct? 2017    Célestin Mbuyu Kabango Mukolwe     (b. 1949)            PPRD
Oct? 2017 - 11 May 2019    Jackson Kalenga Mwenzemi           (b. 1956)            PPRD
11 May 2019 -  8 Nov 2019  Marcel Lenge Masangu Mpoyo         (b. 1956)            Non-party  
 8 Nov 2019 -  9 Jul 2021  Denis Ngandu Ngoy (acting)                              Non-party
 9 Jul 2021 - 21 Jun 2022  Kabamba Ilunga wa Batame (acting)
21 Jun 2022 -              Isabelle Yumba Kalenga Mushimbi (f)(b. 1979)            UNAFEC

Lualaba

16 Jul 2015                Lualaba province created from Katanga province.

Special commissioner; from Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - 10 Sep 2021  Richard Muyej Mangez Mans          (b. 1954)            PPRD
                             (absent from 4 Jan 2021)
 4 Jan 2021 -              Fifi Masuka Saini (f)              (b. 1967)            FIDEC
                             (acting [for Muyej to 10 Sep 2021])

Tanganyika

16 Jul 2015                Tanganyika province created from Katanga province.

Special commissioner; from 9 Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - Mar 2019     Richard Ngoy Kitangala             (b. 1958)            PPRD   
Mar 2019 - 10 May 2019     Ali Bin Omari Simukinje (acting)   (b. 1966)            UNAFEC
10 May 2019 -  3 Jun 2021  Zoé Kabila Mwanza Mbala            (b. 1979)            PPRD
 3 Jun 2021 - 20 Jun 2022  Samba Kayabala Moni (acting)       (b. 1974)            PPRD
20 Jun 2022 -              Julie Ngungwa Mwayuma (f)          (b. 1973)            UDPS

 1 Oct 1933                Léopoldville/Leopoldstad province created in Belgian Congo from
                             the western districts of Congo-Kasaï-Bas-Congo (former Bas-and
                             Haut-Congo), Kwango and Léopoldville (the town) - and the major 
                             part of Lac Léopold II (taken from Équateur).
30 Jun 1960                Autonomous province of Congo republic.
14 Aug 1962                Province divided into four new provinces: Congo Central,
                             Kwango, Kwilu, Mai-Ndombe
25 Apr 1966                Kwango, Kwilu, and Mai-Ndombe reunited as the new province 
                             of Bandundu; Léopoldville city separated from Congo Central.
 1 Jul 1966                Léopoldville renamed Kinshasa.
19 Jul 2015                Bandundu again split into Kwango, Kwilu, and Mai-Ndombe.

Commissioner of Léopoldville province
1933 - 1941                Albert Émile Beauffort             (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
Governors of Léopoldville province
1941 - 1943                Albert Emile Beauffort             (s.a.)
1943 - 1945                Marcel Maquet                      (b. 1891 - d. 1964)
1946 - 1950                Léon Georges Morel                 (b. 1892 - d. af.1960)
1950 - 1953                Lucien Lardinois                   (b. 1898 - d. 1956)
1953 - 1955                Pierre Nauwelaert                  (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
1955 - 1958                Julien Babilon                     (b. 1904 - d. 1959)
1958 - 10 May 1960         Jan-Baptiste Bomans
10 May 1960 - 29 Jun 1960  Alain Stenmans                     (b. 1923 - d. 2008)
Presidents of Léopoldville province
11 Jun 1960 - 29 Jun 1960  Gaston Diomi                       (b. 1922 - d. 1985)
                            (president of secessionist Congo province)
18 Jun 1960 - 12 Feb 1962  Cléophas Kamitatu Masamba          (b. 1931 - d. 2008)
17 Jun 1960 - 1960         Gaston Midu                        (b. 1923)
                            (president of secessionist North Kwilu province)
12 Feb 1962 - 14 Aug 1962  Gaston Diomi                       (s.a.)

14 Aug 1960                Congo Central province created out of Léopoldville province.
27 Oct 1971                Renamed Bas-Zaïre.
19 May 1997                Renamed Bas-Congo.
28 Feb 2015                Renamed Kongo Central.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors; 1972-80, Commissioners)
 6 Sep 1962 -  3 Jan 1967  Faustin Vital Moanda               (b. 1923 - d. 1967)
 3 Jan 1967 - 30 Aug 1967  Denis Paluku                       (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
30 Aug 1967 -  9 Aug 1968  François Luakabwanga
 9 Aug 1968 -  5 Aug 1969  Bruno Ndala                        (d. 1969)
 5 Aug 1969 - 23 Dec 1970  Anaclet Kaniki                     (b. 1935)
23 Dec 1970 - 24 Feb 1972  Dieudonné Boji
24 Feb 1972 - 17 Jul 1972  Marcel Derikoye Tita Ngindu
17 Jul 1972 - 21 May 1975  Cathérine Nzuzi wa Mbombo (f)      (b. 1944)
1975 - 1976                Loposo Nzela Balombe
 4 Feb 1976 - 11 Jul 1977  Efambe Ey'Olanga
11 Jul 1977 - 21 Jan 1978  Ilunga Mubabinge Mukala
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980  Tshiala Mwana Tshingombe           (b. 1933)
18 Jan 1980 - 27 Aug 1980  Makolo Jibikilayi (1st time)       (b. 1936)
27 Aug 1980 - 10 Oct 1981  Zamundu Agenong'Ka
10 Oct 1981 - 18 Jan 1983  Malumba Mbangula                   (b. 1939)
18 Jan 1983 - 1986         Makolo Jibikilayi (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1986 - 20 Jul 1988         Tshala Mwana
20 Jul 1988 - 1989         Kakule Mbahingana                  (b. 1947 - d. 2011)
1989 - 1990                Mpambia Musanga Bekaja             (b. 1935)
1990 - 1991                Timothée Moleka Nzulama            (b. 1955?)
1991 - 1997                Bieya Mbaki                        (d. 1997)
199. - 1997                Mvuma Ngeti (acting for Mbaki)
1997                       Mvuma Ngeti (interim) 
1997  (4 days)             Joseph Mbenza Thubi                (b. 19.. - d. 2017)
1997  (1 month)            Liwanga Mata Nyamunyobo            (b. 1950)
Oct? 1997 - 1998           Léonard Fuka Unzola                (b. 1935)
1998 - Jun 2001            Séraphin Bavuidi Babingi           (b. 1946)
Oct? 2001 - 16 Oct 2006    César Tsasa-di-Ntumba              (b. 1945? - d. 2008) 2002: PPRD
                             (interim for 4 months in 2001)
16 Oct 2006 - 24 Feb 2007  Jacques Mbadu Nsitu (1st time)     (b. 1951 - d. 2018)  PPRD
24 Feb 2007 - 19 Mar 2012  Simon Mbatshi Batshia              (b. 1949)            PPRD
19 Mar 2012 - 28 Jan 2013  Déo Nkusu Bikwa (acting)           (b. 1958)            RCD
28 Jan 2013 - 19 Jul 2018  Jacques Mbadu Nsitu (2nd time)     (s.a.)               PPRD
19 Jul 2018 -  8 Sep 2021  Atou Matoubuana Nkuluki            (b. 1966)        PPRD;8-2019 Ind
                             (acting to 9 May 2019; suspended 7 Sep - 30 Nov 2019)
 7 Sep 2019 - 30 Nov 2019  Marcel Matumpa Buka                                     PPRD
                             (acting for Matubuana)
 8 Sep 2021 - 18 Jun 2022  Justin Luemba Makoso (acting)      (b. 1972)            Ind
18 Jun 2022 -              Guy Bandu Ndungidi                 (b. 1974)            UNC

14 Aug 1962                Kwango province created out of Léopoldville province.
25 Apr 1966 - 19 Jul 2015  Part of new province of Bandundu.
19 Jul 2015                Kwango province re-created.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
23 Sep 1962 - 11 Nov 1962  Albert Delvaux                     (b. 1918 - d. 1968)
Nov 1962                   Emmanuel Mayamba                   (b. 1933)
1962 - Apr 1963            Alphonse Pashi
Aug 1963 - Apr 1964        Pierre Masikita (1st time)         (b. 1919 - d. ....)
Apr 1964 - 30 Sep 1964     Belunda Kavunzu
30 Sep 1964 - 24 Aug 1965  Joseph Kulumba
24 Aug 1965 - 25 Apr 1966  Pierre Masikita (2nd time)         (s.a.)
Special commissioner; from Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - 17 Nov 2017  Larousse Kabula Mavula             (b. 1974)             PPRD
17 Nov 2017 -  2 Jul 2018  Emery Kaputu Vita (acting)         (b. 1963)             ARC
 2 Jul 2018 -  9 May 2019  Kanys Makofi Kabamba               (b. 1970)             Non-party
 9 May 2019 -  1 Jul 2020  Jean-Marie Peti Peti Tamata        (b. 1952)             PALU
                             (1st time)
 1 Jul 2020 -  3 Nov 2020  Léopold Kangulumba Kakoma          (b. 1951)             RENOVAC
                             Kisesele (acting)
 3 Nov 2020 -              Jean-Marie Peti Peti Tamata        (s.a.)                PALU
                             (2nd time)

14 Aug 1962                Province of Kwilu created out of Léopoldville province.
18 Jan 1964                Administration taken over by central government due to
                             rebellion in southwestern Congo; rebel administration in
                             most of Kwilu province since Jan 1964; reconquest by the
                             legal government in Jun 1965.
18 Jan 1966                Provincial government restored.
25 Apr 1966 - 19 Jul 2015  Part of new province of Bandundu.
19 Jul 2015                Kwilu province re-created.

President
 8 Sep 1962 - 18 Jan 1964  Norbert Leta                       (b. 1934)
Jan 1964 - Nov 1964        Pierre Mulele                      (b. 1929 - d. 1968)  Mil
                            (commander-in-chief and Head of the General Direction)
Governor
18 Jan 1966 - 25 Apr 1966  Henri-Désiré Takizala              (b. 1936 - d. 2000)
Special Commissioner
29 Oct 2015 - Apr 2016     Michel Balabala Kasongo            (b. 1966)             Non-party
Governors
Apr 2016 - 24 Jul 2017     Godel Kinyoka Kabalumuna           (b. 1963)             PALU
24 Jul 2017 -  5 Oct 2017  Nicolas Bulukungu Bera-Kay         (b. 1950)             PPRD
                             (acting)
 5 Oct 2017 -  8 May 2019  Michel Balabala Kasongo            (s.a.)                ACTE
 8 May 2019 -              Willy Itsundala Asang              (b. 1962)             PPRD

14 Aug 1962                Maï-Ndombe province created out of Léopoldville province.
25 Apr 1966 - 19 Jul 2015  Part of new province of Bandundu.
19 Jul 2015                Maï-Ndombe province re-created.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
 8 Sep 1962 - Dec 1963     Victor Kumoriko                    (d. 1966)             PNP
23 Sep 1963 - 11 Oct 1963  V. Bola (in rebellion)
Jan 1964 - Dec 1964        Gabriël Zangabie
Dec 1964 - 27 Jul 1965     ....
27 Jul 1965 - 25 Apr 1966  Daniël Mongiya
Special commissioner; from 9 Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 - May 2019     Gentiny Ngobila Mbaka              (b. 1963)             PPRD
May 2019 - 28 Jun 2019     .... (acting)
28 Jun 2019 -  3 Jul 2020  Paul Mputu Boleilanga (1st time)   (b. 1957)             PPRD
 3 Jul 2020 -  3 Nov 2020  Jack's Mbombaka Bokoso (1st time)  (b. 1991)             Ind
 3 Nov 2020 -  1 Jul 2021  Paul Mputu Boleilanga (2nd time)   (s.a.)                PPRD
 1 Jul 2021 - 18 Aug 2022  Jack's Mbombaka Bokoso (2nd time)  (s.a.)                Ind
                             (acting)
18 Aug 2022 -              Rutha "Rita" Bola Dula (f)         (b. 1962)             ACP

19 Jul 2015                Bandundu again split into Kwango, Kwilu, and Mai-Ndombe.

Governors (1972-80, Commissioners)
25 Apr 1966 -  3 Jan 1967  Henri-Désiré Takizala              (b. 1936 - d. 2000)
 3 Jan 1967 - 30 Aug 1967  François Luakabwanga
30 Aug 1967 -  9 Aug 1968  François Kupa                      (b. 1929)
 9 Aug 1968 -  6 Mar 1969  Paul Muhona
12 Mar 1969 - 23 Dec 1970  Dieudonné Boji
23 Dec 1970 - 15 Jul 1972  Anaclet Kaniki                     (b. 1935)
15 Jul 1972 - 10 Jan 1975  Mulenda Shamwange Mutebi           (b. 1934)
10 Jan 1975 - 21 Jan 1978  Kabangu Lunyanya
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980  Makolo Jibikilayi                  (b. 1936)
18 Jan 1980 - 27 Aug 1980  Alemo Logwala
27 Aug 1980 - 10 Oct 1981  Malumba Mbangula                   (b. 1939)
10 Oct 1981 -  1 Jan 1985  Konde Vila Kikanda                 (b. 1939 - d. 2020)
 1 Jan 1985 - 1986         Sambia Gere Danu
1986 - 198.                Mananga Dintoko Pholo
198. - 198.                Joseph M'Pambia
20 Jul 1988 - 1990         Guillaume Samba Kaputo             (b. 1946 - d. 2007)
1990 - 1991?               Malu Biakaluamfiku                 (b. 1937)
1991? - c.1995             Payanzo Ntsomo
1997 - 26 Nov 2001         Marc Katshunga                                          PALU
26 Nov 2001 - 15 May 2003  Kidinda Shandungo
Oct? 2003?                 Oscar Bala Ngaluun                 (b. 1948)            PPRD
26 May 2004 - 10 Dec 2005  Sabin Sadiboko Mupwedi             (b. 1962)            MLC
10 Dec 2005 - 13 Jan 2006  Guy Kunza
13 Jan 2006 - 16 Oct 2006  Gérard Gifuza Ginday               (b. 1951)            PALU
16 Oct 2006 - 16 Mar 2007  Édouard Wenzi Wakuyula                                  PPRD
16 Mar 2007 - 22 May 2012  Richard Ndambu Wolang              (b. 1952)            PPRD
10 Mar 2011 - Apr 2011     Vicky Mboso Muteba (f)             (b. 1969)            PALU
                             (acting for Wolang)
22 May 2012 - 29 Oct 2015  Jean Kamisendu Kutuka              (b. 1955)            PPRD

1882                       Léopoldville station founded by the Belgians.
20 Nov 1929                Capital moved from Boma to Léopoldville (move begun 1926).
 1 Jul 1966                Léopoldville renamed Kinshasa.

Commandants of Léopoldville
1882 -  1 Apr 1883         Charles-Marie de Braconnier        (b. 1849 - d. 1917)  Mil
 1 Apr 1883 - 1884         Louis Pierre Alphonse Valcke       (b. 1857 - d. 1940)  Mil
District Commissioners of Léopoldville
1923 - 1927                Adolphe Léon-Jules Georges Ruwet   (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
1927 - 1929                Alphonse Jules Wauters
1929 - 1933                Ferdinand Van De Boeck
1934 - 1942                Léon Georges Morel                 (b. 1892 - d. af.1960)
1942 - 1947                Paul Brumagne
c.Feb 1948                 André Schöller                     (b. 1908 - d. 1992)
c.1951 - 1953?             Pierre Nauwelaert                  (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
1953 - 20 Dec 1957         Jean Tordeur
Premier Bourgmestre (First mayors) of Léopoldville
20 Dec 1957 -  4 Jan 1959  Jean Tordeur
 4 Jan 1959 - 30 Jun 1960  Caillet (interim)
 1 Jul 1960 - Jul 1960     Joseph Kulumba (acting)
Jul 1960 - 28 Jun 1962     Daniel Kanza                       (b. 1909 - d. 1990)
28 Jun 1962 - Feb 1966     Zoao Boniface                      (b. 1924?)
Governors (1972-80, Commissioners)
27 Apr 1966 -  2 Jan 1969  Alphonse Devos Bangala                                  Mil/MPR
 5 Feb 1969 - 15 Jan 1970  Paul Nauwelaerts                   (b. 1936 - d. 2020)
15 Jan 1970 - 27 May 1976  Eugène Ndjoku Eyobaba              (b. 1924? - d. 2007)
27 May 1976 - 21 Jan 1978  Sakombi Inongo                     (b. 1940 - d. 2010)
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980  Mandungu Bula Nyati                (b. 1934 - d. 2000)
18 Jan 1980 - 27 Aug 1980  Mabolia Inengo Tra Buato           (b. 1932 - d. 2017)
27 Aug 1980 - 10 Oct 1981  Kisombe Kiaku Muisi                (b. 1936 - d. 2007)
10 Oct 1981 - 19 Mar 1983  Sakombi Ekope                      (b. 1929 - d. 1985)  MPR
19 Mar 1983 - 27 Dec 1985  Kabaidi wa Kabaidi                                      MPR
27 Dec 1985 - 18 Apr 1986  Tshimbombo Mukuna                  (b. 1946 - d. 2021)  MPR
24 Apr 1986 - 10 Feb 1987  Catherine Nzuzi wa Mbombo (f)      (b. 1944)            MPR
10 Feb 1987 - 20 Jul 1989  Konde Vila Kikanda                 (b. 1939 - d. 2020)  MPR
20 Jul 1989 - 1990         Amela Lokima Bahati (1st time)     (b. 1944 - d. 2013)  Mil
1990                       Timothée Moleka Nzulama            (b. 1955?)  
1990 - 1992                Fundu Kota                         (b. 1943)  
1992                       Kibabu Madiata Nzau                (b. 1936 - d. 2021)  MPR
1992 - Jan 1996            Bernardin Mungul Diaka             (b. 1933 - d. 1999)
Jan 1996 - Feb 1996        Mujinga Swana  
Feb 1996 - Aug 1996        ....
Aug 1996 - Apr 1997        Bernadette Nkoy Mafuta (f)         (b. 1948) 
Apr 1997 - 17 May 1997     Amela Lokima Bahati (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Mil
17 May 1997 - Aug 1997     Gabriel Pandanzyla Alompel (acting)(b. 1938)
18 Aug 1997 - 19 Mar 2001  Théophile Mbemba Fundu             (b. 1952)            PNRD
19 Mar 2001 - 26 Nov 2001  Christophe Muzungu Kabemba (interim)
26 Nov 2001 -  5 Jun 2002  Samuel Loka-ne-Kongo               (b. 1938)
 5 Jun 2002 - 26 May 2004  David Nku Imbie                    (b. 1952)            PPRD
26 May 2004 - 15 Nov 2005  Jean Kimbunda Mudikela             (b. 1961)            PPRD
15 Nov 2005 - 16 Oct 2006  Kimbembe Mazunga                   (b. 1956)            PPRD
16 Oct 2006 - 16 Mar 2007  Liwanga Mata Nyamunyobo            (b. 1950)            Mil
16 Mar 2007 - Mar 2019     André Kimbuta Yango                (b. 1952)            PPRD
Mar 2019 -  7 May 2019     Clément Patrice Bafiba (acting)    (b. 1953)            PALU
 7 May 2019 -              Gentiny Ngobila Mbaka              (b. 1963)           PPRD;2022 ACP

Commissioners
 1 Oct 1933 - Jul 1935     Georges Marie Mortehan             (b. 1883 - d. 1955)
1935 - 1941                Joseph Noirot
Governors
1941 - 1945                Joseph Noirot
 1 Jul 1946 - 1951         Antoine Liesnard                   (b. 1898 - d. 1957)
1952 - 1956                Joseph-Paul Brasseur               (b. 1899 - d. 1956)
1956                       Robert Spitaels                    (b. 1910 - d. ....)
1956 - 1957                Georges Schmit                     (b. 1908 - d. ....)
1957 - 1960                Maurice Willaert                   (b. 1910 - d. 2003)
Presidents
11 Jun 1960 - 24 Dec 1960  Jean Miruho (1st time)
26 Jun 1960 - Jul 1960     Clément Walubali
                            (president of the secessionist province of Maniema)
 2 Jan 1961 - 24 Feb 1961  Anicet Kashamura                   (b. 1928 - d. 2004)
1961 - 196.                Antoine Omari
                            (president of the secessionist State of Maniema, 
                             sponsored by the State of Katanga)
24 Feb 1961 - 11 Aug 1961  Taris Adrien Omari                 (b. 1916)
18 Sep 1961 - 10 May 1962  Jean Miruho (2nd time)
Governors (1972-80, Commissioners)
28 Dec 1966 -  3 Jan 1967  Denis Paluku                       (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
 3 Jan 1967 -  9 Aug 1968  Léon Engulu                        (b. 1934)
10 Aug 1967 -  5 Nov 1967  Léonard Monga                      (d. 1968?)           Mil
                             (head of provisional government of public safety)
 9 Aug 1968 -  5 Aug 1969  Henri-Désiré Takizala              (b. 1936 - d. 2000)
 5 Aug 1969 - 15 Jan 1970  Barthélemy Mukenge                 (b. 1925 - d. 2018)
15 Jan 1970 - 24 Feb 1972  Paul Nauwelaerts                   (b. 1936 - d. 2020)
24 Feb 1972 - 10 Dec 1976  Ndebo A Kanda Di Ne-Kenza
10 Dec 1976 - 21 Jan 1978  Matabisi Iyualeke Ilande           (b. 1934 - d. 1996)
                            (= Jacques Matabisi)
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980  Mulenda Shamuange Muteba
18 Jan 1980 - 1986         Mwando Nsimba                      (b. 1936 - d. 2016)
1986 - 1988                Kilolo Musanga

14 Aug 1962                Creation of the Maniema province.
25 Apr 1966                United with Central Kivu to form Sud-Kivu.
20 Jul 1988                Maniema province recreated.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
12 Sep 1962 - 1962         Ignace Kanga
 5 Nov 1962 - 19 Sep 1963  Hilaire Kisanga                                         MNC-L
19 Sep 1963 - 22 Jun 1964  ....
22 Jun 1964 - 21 Jul 1964  Joseph Tshomba-Fariala (1st time)  (b. 1921)
24 Jul 1964 -  5 Oct 1964  Charles Malembe                    (b. 1933)
                            (governed the territories of the old Kivu province
                             occupied by the forces of the People's Republic)
1964 - Jan 1966            Joseph Tshomba-Fariala (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PDR
24 Jan 1966 - 25 Apr 1966  Pascal Luanghy                     (b. 1917 - d. 2015)
20 Jul 1988 - 1991         Tshala Mwana
1991                       Joseph Bendera                     (b. 1942)
1991 - 1992                Kyembwa wa Lumona
1992 - Feb 1997            Omari Lea Sisi                     (b. 1951 - d. 2016)
Mar 1997 - Jul 1997        Lokombe Kitete
18 Jul 1997 -  3 Oct 1998  Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary          (b. 1960)
                             (continues in Kinshasa exile to 2003)
                             (1st time)
Dec 1998 - 12 Apr 2000     Nestor Kiyimbi Mutangi
                             (in rebellion)
12 Apr 2000 - 2003         Gertrude Kitembo (f)               (b. 1958)           RCD-G
                             (in rebellion)
c.May 2002?                Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
2003 - 26 May 2004         Falay Selenge
26 May 2004 - 16 Mar 2007  Koloso Sumaili                                         RCD-ML
16 Mar 2007 - Jun 2010     Didier Manara Linga                (b. 1964)           PPRD
Jun 2010 - 16 Dec 2017     Pascal Tutu Salumu                 (b. 1963)           PPRD
16 Dec 2017 - 21 May 2019  Jérôme Bikenge Musimbi (acting)    (b. 1962)           ARC
21 May 2019 - Nov 2020     Augustin Musafiri Myoma (1st time) (b. 1964)           PPRD
Nov 2020 -  3 Feb 2021     Jean-Pierre Amadi Lubenga (acting) (b. 1970)           PPRD
 3 Feb 2021 - 31 May 2021  Augustin Musafiri Myoma (2nd time) (s.a.)              PPRD
31 May 2021 -              Afani Idrissa Mangala (acting)     (b. 1973)           UDPS

14 Aug 1962                Creation of the province of Nord-Kivu.
28 Dec 1966                Part of restored Kivu province.
20 Jul 1988                Nord-Kivu province re-created.
 6 May 2021 -              Under military administration.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
11 Sep 1962 -  6 Jul 1965  Benezeth Moley                     (b. 1927)
 6 Jul 1965 - 28 Dec 1966  Denis Paluku                       (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
20 Jul 1988 - 1990         Konde Vila Kikanda                 (b. 1939 - d. 2020)
12 Jun 1990 - 17 Jun 1990  Koyagialo Ngabé te Gerengbo        (b. 1947 - d. 2014)
                             (= Louis Alphonse Koyagialo)
1988 - 1991                Basembe Emina
                             (vice governor acting for Kikanda then Koyagialo)
1991 - Aug 1993            Jean-Pierre Kalumbo Mbogho         (d. 1993)
Aug 1993 - Nov 1996        Christophe Moto Mupenda (interim)
Oct 1996 - 31 Jul 2000     Léonard Kanyamuhanga Gafundi       (b. 19.. - d. 2000) AFDL/RCD
                             (in rebellion to 1997 and from Aug 1998)
23 Sep 1999 - 1999         Kaisazira Mbaki (in rebellion)                         RCD-K
31 Jul 2000 - 24 Feb 2007  Eugène Serufuli Ngayabaseka        (b. 1962)           RCD-G
                             (in rebellion to 16 May 2004)
24 Feb 2007 - 22 Feb 2019  Julien Paluku Kahongya             (b. 1968)   RCD-K-ML;2012 BUREC
22 Feb 2019 - 28 Jun 2019  Feller Lutaichirwa Mulwahale       (b. 1966)           UPRD
                             (acting)
28 Jun 2019 - 10 May 2021  Carly Nzanzu Kasivita              (b. 1975)           BUREC
10 May 2021 -              Constant Ndima Kongba              (b. 1962)           Mil
                             (military governor)

18 May 1963                Creation of the province of Kivu Central out of the remaining 
                             parts of Kivu province.
25 Apr 1966                United with Maniema to form Sud-Kivu.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
16 Jul 1963 - Jul 1964     Simon Pierre Malago                (b. 1934)
Aug 1964 - 25 Apr 1966     Dieudonné Boji

25 Apr 1966                Formed by the union of Kivu Central and Maniema.
28 Dec 1966                Part of restored Kivu province.
20 Jul 1988                Sud-Kivu province re-created.

Governors
25 Apr 1966 - 28 Dec 1966  Dieudonné Boji
20 Jul 1988 - 1990         Ndala Kasala
1990 - Nov 1991            Dilingi Liwoke La Milengo
Dec 1991 - Oct 1996        Kyembwa wa Lumona
Oct 1996 - Jun 1997        Anatole Bishikwabo Chubaka                             AFDL
Jun 1997 - Oct 1998        Jean-Charles Magabe                (d. 1999)
Oct 1998 - 10 Jun 2002     Norbert Basengezi Katintima        (b. 1958)
                             (in rebellion)
May? 2002?                 Musamba Mondero
10 Jun 2002 - 26 Jan 2003  Patient Mwendanga                                      RCD-G
                             (in rebellion)
26 Jan 2003 - 26 May 2004  Xavier Ciribanya Cirimwami         (b. 1972)           RCD-G
                             (suspended from 7 Feb 2004)
                             (in rebellion)
Oct? 2003?                 Fumi Tambwe
 7 Feb 2004 - 26 May 2004  Jean-Pierre Mazambi (interim)
26 May 2004 - 10 Nov 2005  Augustin Bulaimu Wite-Nkate Myanda (b. 1947)
                             (suspended from 25 Apr 2005)
25 Apr 2005 - 10 Nov 2005  Alimasi Ndomba Pauni (interim)
10 Nov 2005 - 24 Feb 2007  Buhambahamba Déogratias            (b. 1952 - d. 2018)
24 Feb 2007 - 21 Mar 2008  Célestin Cibalonza Byaterana       (b. 1964)           PPRD
Nov 2007 - 21 Mar 2008     Bernard Watunakanza                (b. 1952)           MSR
                             (acting for Byaterana)
21 Mar 2008 - 19 Apr 2010  Louis Léonce Muderhwa              (b. 1963)           PPRD
19 Apr 2010 - 12 Jul 2010  Jean-Claude Kibala (acting)        (b. 1965)           MSR
12 Jul 2010 - Oct? 2017    Marcellin Cishambo                 (b. 1956)           PPRD
10 Oct 2017 - Mar 2019     Claude Nyamugabo Bazibuhe          (b. 1972)           RDC
Mar 2019 -  9 May 2019     Adolphe Bizimungu Doli (acting)    (b. 1960)           PCD
 9 May 2019 - Dec 2021     Théo Ngwabidje Kasi (1st time)     (b. 1971)           AFDC
 3 Dec 2021 -  8 Dec 2021  Marc Malago Kashekere                                  UNC
                             (acting for Kasi)
Dec 2021 - 27 Jan 2022     Théophile Kiluwe Migo (acting)     (b. 1966)           UDPS
27 Jan 2022 - 21 Feb 2022  Alain Shamavu Lukwebo (acting)                         AFDC
21 Feb 2022 -              Théo Ngwabidje Kasi (2nd time)     (s.a.)              AFDC

 1 Nov 1913                Orientale/Oost (East) province created as part of Belgian Congo
                             (by the incorporation of eight districts: Arumiwi, Bas-Uéle and 
                             Haut-Uele, Ituri [Between c.1870 and 1884 the region covered
                             by these districts had been part of the Egyptian Sudan], 
                             Kivu, Lowa, Maniema and Stanleyville). 
 1 Oct 1933                Stanleyville/Stanleystad province created in reorganization.
27 May 1947                Renamed Orientale/Oost.
30 Jun 1960                Autonomous province of the Congo republic.
27 Jul 1962                Administration taken over by the central government and
                             separation of the new provinces of Kibali-Ituri and Uélé.
27 Mar 1963                The remaining part of the Orientale province is reorganized as the 
                             new province of Haut-Congo (Upper Congo).
1964                       Orientale province is reconstituted de jure by the rebel
                             government of the People's Republic of Congo (Stanleyville).
 1 Jul 1966                Stanleyville renamed Kisangani.
28 Dec 1966                Reunification of the Orientale province.
27 Oct 1971                Renamed Haut-Zaïre.
19 May 1997                Renamed Haut-Congo.
1997                       Haut-Congo renamed Orientale.
11 Jul 2015                Split into provinces of Bas-Uélé, Haut-Uélé, Ituri, and Tshopo.

Deputy Governors-general
 1 Nov 1913 -  5 Aug 1917  Justin Prudent François            (b. 1862 - d. 1924)
                             Marie Malfeyt 
15 Aug 1917 - 1925         Adolphe Jean-Marie De              (b. 1870 - d. 1944)
                             Meulemeester 
Governors and Deputy Governors-general
1925 - 26 Jun 1926         Adolphe Jean-Marie De              (s.a.)
                             Meulemeester 
 9 Oct 1926 - 30 Sep 1933  Alfred Moeller de Laddersous       (b. 1889 - d. 1971)
Commissioners
 1 Oct 1933 - 18 Nov 1940  Rodolphe (Adolphe) Dufour
18 Nov 1940 - 1941         Marcel Alphonse Joseph Maquet      (b. 1891 - d. 1964)
Governors
1941 - 10 Mar 1943         Marcel Alphonse Joseph Maquet      (s.a.)
10 Mar 1943 - 15 May 1945  Alexis Félicien Bertrand           (b. 1870 - d. 1946)
Jun 1945 - 29 Jun 1950     Ernest Bock (1st time)             (b. 1894 - d. 1952)
                             (acting to 1 Jun 1946)
 1 Oct 1950 -  8 Oct 1951  Joseph Paul Brasseur (acting)      (b. 1899 - d. 1956)
 8 Oct 1951 - 10 Dec 1952  Ernest Bock (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1952 - 1953                André Hubert Gilson                (b. 1887 - d. 1971)
13 Mar 1953 - 30 Mar 1954  Luc Breuls de Tiecken              (b. 1900 - d. ....)
30 Mar 1954 -  1 Jul 1958  André Schöller                     (b. 1908 - d. 1992)
22 Dec 1958 - 11 Jun 1960  Pierre Leroy                       (b. 1909 - d. 1985)
Presidents
11 Jun 1960 - 11 Oct 1960  Jean-Pierre Finant                 (b. 1922 - d. 1961)
1960 - Dec 1960            Charles Badjoko                                         MNC-L
Dec 1960 - 25 Oct 1961     Jean Faustin Manzikala             (b. 1937)
25 Oct 1961 - 27 Jul 1962  Simon Losala                                            MNC
Extraordinary commissioner
20 Aug 1962 - Mar 1963     Joseph Ekombe
27 Mar 1963 - 28 Dec 1966  reorganized into Haut-Congo
Head of the Revolutionary Government
Aug 1964 - 23 Aug 1964     Alphonse Kinga (in rebellion)
Head of the Executive Council (Extraordinary Commissioner-general)
 1 Sep 1964 - Nov 1964     François Sabiti (in rebellion)                          MNC-L
Extraordinary Commissioner for the provinces of Haut-Congo, Uele and Ibali-Ituri
 7 Jan 1965 - 20 Nov 1965  Léonard Mulamba                    (b. 1928 - d. 1987)  Mil
Governors (1972-80, Commissioners)
28 Dec 1966 -  3 Jan 1967  Jean Faustin Manzikala             (s.a.)
 3 Jan 1967 - 17 Jul 1967  Faustin Vital Moanda               (b. 1923 - d. 1967)
30 Aug 1967 -  9 Aug 1968  Michel Denge
 9 Aug 1968 - 19 Oct 1968  Jonas Mukamba                      (b. 1931)
20 Oct 1968 -  5 Aug 1969  Anaclet Kaniki                     (b. 1935)
 5 Aug 1969 -  8 Dec 1970  Édouard Bulundwe (Bolubwa)         (b. 1932)
23 Dec 1970 - 24 Feb 1972  Bernard Ndedo Akanda Dinekeza
24 Feb 1972 - 17 Sep 1972  Paul Geyero Te-Kule                (b. 1936 - d. 2020)
17 Sep 1972 - 10 Feb 1973  Assumani Busanya Lukili
10 Feb 1973 - 21 Jan 1978  Konde Vila Kikanda                 (b. 1939 - d. 2020)
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980  Mabolia Inengo Traboato            (b. 1932 - d. 2018)
18 Jan 1980 - 28 Aug 1980  Tshiala Mwana Tshingombe           (b. 1933)
28 Aug 1980 - 10 Oct 1981  Mbenza Tubi
10 Oct 1981 - 23 Jan 1982  Ntikala Ibote Muludiki
23 Jan 1982 - 27 Dec 1984  Sukadi Bulay Mudimbe
 1 Jan 1985 - 20 Jul 1988  Salumu Amisi Mbundayatama          (b. 1939)
20 Jul 1988 - 11 Jan 1990  Sampasa Kaweta Milombe             (b. 1944 - d. 2006)
11 Jan 1990 -  3 Mar 1991  Samba Kaputo                       (b. 1946 - d. 2007)
 3 Mar 1991 - 14 Mar 1997  Lombeya Bosongo Likunde'lio        (b. 1948)
23 Mar 1997 - 22 Aug 1998  Jean Yagi Sitolo                   (b. 1955)
26 Sep 1998 -  6 Dec 1998  Denis Bene Kabala Luthia           (b. 1952)
23 Dec 1998 - 20 Jul 2000  Théo Baruti Amisi (1st time)       (b. 1950)
                             (in rebellion)
20 Jul 2000 - 20 Apr 2001  Justin Yogbae Luthia
                             (in rebellion)
Dec 2001 - 2002            Joseph Eneku                       (b. 19.. - d. 2002)
May? 2002 - c.Jan 2003     Noël Obotela Rashidi
20 Apr 2001 - 16 May 2004  Jean-Pierre Bilusa Baila           (b. 1953)            RCD-G
                             (in rebellion to Jul 2003)  
16 May 2004 - 15 Nov 2005  Théo Baruti Amisi (2nd time)       (s.a.)               RCD-G
15 Nov 2005 - 24 Feb 2007  Jean-Pierre Lola Kisanga           (b. 1969 - d. 2020)  RCD-G
24 Feb 2007 -  5 Mar 2012  Médard Autsai Asenga               (b. 1942)            PPRD
 5 Mar 2012 -  5 Feb 2013  Ismaël Arama Ndiama (acting)       (b. 1952)            AFDC
 5 Feb 2013 - 29 Oct 2015  Jean Bamanisa Saïdi                (b. 1964)            MSR

14 Aug 1962                Province of Kibali-Ituri separated from Orientale province.
28 Dec 1966                Part of restored Orientale province.
1998 - 2003                Occupied by Uganda.
14 Dec 1999                Province of Kibali-Ituri restored by Uganda, which
                             is not recognized by the Congo (Kinshasa) government.
Apr 2003                   Ituri Interim Administration established.
28 Jun 2004                Re-incorporated into Orientale province.

President (from 1965, governor)
Sep 1962 - 28 Dec 1966     Jean Faustin Manzikala             (b. 1937)
Governors
18 Jun 1999 - 16 Dec 1999  Adèle Lotsove Mugisa (f)                                RCD-G      
                             (provisional; appointed by Uganda)
16 Dec 1999 - 2001         Ernest Uringi PaNdolo                                   RCD-ML
 9 May 2001 - 2001         Mohamed Bule Gbangbolo Basabe                          Mil/MLC
2002                       Ruhigwa Baguma                                          RCD-K-ML
Feb 2002 - Aug 2002        Jean-Pierre Lonpondo Mulondo                            RCD-K-ML
2003                       Joseph Eneko Nguwaza Oyowa         (b. 19.. - d. 2002)  RCD-K
2003                       Mileyo Lotiyo                      (b. 1949)
Administrator
Apr 2003 – 28 Jun 2004     Emmanuel Leku Apuobo (interim)     (b. 1969)            Non-party?

14 Aug 1962                Province of Uélé separated from Orientale province.
28 Dec 1966                Part of restored Orientale province.

Presidents (from 1965, Governors)
11 Sep 1962 - May 1965     Paul Mambaya
 6 Jul 1965 - 28 Dec 1966  François Kupa                      (b. 1929)

27 Mar 1963                After the formation of the Kibali-Ituri and Uélé provinces
                             the remaining part of Orientale province is reorganized as
                             the new Haut-Congo province.
Sep 1964 - Nov 1964        Under control of People's Republic of Congo (Stanleyville)
                             government, which abolishes the province.
 5 Nov 1966                Administration taken over by the central government.
28 Dec 1966                Part of restored Orientale province.

Extraordinary commissioner
19 Mar 1963 -  8 Sep 1963  Marcel Tshishiku                   (b. 1928)            PNP
Special Commissioner for the Organization of the Province
16 Apr 1963 - Jun 1963     Maurice Makolo
Presidents
Jun 1963 - 26 Jun 1963     Georges Grenfell                   (b. 1908 - d. ....)
26 Jun 1963 - 1964         Paul Isombuma
1964 -  5 Aug 1964         François Aradjabu                  (b. 1926 - d. 1964)
Extraordinary Commissioner-general for the former province of Haut-Congo
16 Sep 1964 - Nov 1964     Alphonse Abikwa (in rebellion)
President (from 1965, Governors)
Nov 1964 -  5 Nov 1966     Ignace Michel Alamazani
 5 Nov 1966 - 28 Dec 1966  Pierre Efomi                                            Mil

Bas-Uélé

11 Jul 2015                Bas-Uélé province created from Orientale province.

Special Commissioner
29 Oct 2015 - 18 Apr 2016  Antony Yenga Atoloba               (b. 1975)            RIA
Governors
18 Apr 2016 - 14 May 2019  Armand Kasumbu Mbaya Borrey        (b. 1964)            Non-party
14 May 2019 -  4 Aug 2021  Valentin Senga Paysayo             (b. 1964)            PPRD
 4 Aug 2021 -  7 Jul 2022  Ruth Baduli Gbangosa (f)(acting)                        UDPS
 7 Jul 2022 -              Jean-Robert Nzanza Bombiti         (b. 1975)            Non-party

Haut-Uélé

11 Jul 2015                Haut-Uélé province created from Orientale province.

Special Commissioner
29 Oct 2015 - 18 Apr 2016  Célestin Bondomiso Bebisyame       (b. 1965)            PPRD
Governors
18 Apr 2016 -  8 May 2019  Jean-Pierre Lola Kisanga           (b. 1969 - d. 2020)  Non-party
 8 May 2019 -              Christophe Baseane Nangaa          (b. 1972)            ADRP

Ituri

11 Jul 2015                Province of Ituri created from Orientale province.
 6 May 2021 -              Under military administration.

Special commissioner
29 Oct 2015 - 18 Apr 2016  Jefferson Abdallah Pene Mbaka      (b. 1971)            PPRD
Governors
18 Apr 2016 - 19 Dec 2018  Jefferson Abdallah Pene Mbaka      (s.a.)               PPRD
19 Dec 2018 - 21 May 2019  Pacifique Keta Upar (acting)       (b. 1967)            AFDC
21 May 2019 -  6 May 2021  Jean Bamanisa Saïdi                (b. 1964)            Non-party
 6 May 2021 -              Johnny Luboya Nkashama             (b. 1966)            Mil
                             (military governor)

Tshopo

11 Jul 2015                Tshopo province created from Orientale province.

Special commissioner; from 18 Apr 2016, Governors
29 Oct 2015 -  9 Aug 2017  Jean Ilongo Tokole                 (b. 1968)            PDC
 9 Aug 2017 -  9 Oct 2017  Maurice Abibu Sakapela (1st time)  (b. 1966)            AFDC
                             (acting)
 9 Oct 2017 - 23 May 2019  Constant Lomata Kongoli            (b. 1966)        Ind;2009 ACO
23 May 2019 - 22 Apr 2021  Louis-Marie Walle Lufungula        (b. 1964)            PPRD
22 Apr 2021 - 22 Aug 2022  Maurice Abibu Sakapela (2nd time)  (s.a.)               AFDC
                             (acting)
22 Aug 2022 -              Madeleine Nikomba Sabangu (f)      (b. 1983)            Ind