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Governors
Aug 1540 - Dec
1547 Pedro de
Valdivia (1st time)
(b. 1497 - d. 1553)
Dec 1547 - Jul
1549 Francisco
de Villagra Velásquez (b. 1511 - d.
1563)
(1st time)
20 Jul 1549 - 25 Dec 1553 Pedro de
Valdivia (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Dec 1553 - Feb
1555 Francisco
de Villagra Velásquez (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
+ Rodrigo de Quiroga López Ulloa (b. 1512 - d.
1580)
(1st time)(acting)
Dec 1553 - Feb
1555 Francisco
de Aguirre de Meneses (b. 1508 - d. 1581)
(in opposition)
Feb 1555 - May
1556 Jerónimo
de
Alderete
(b. 1516 - d. 1556)
(did not take office)
Feb 1555 - Apr
1557 Francisco
de Villagra Velásquez (s.a.)
(3rd time)(acting to May 1556)
Apr 1557 - Feb
1561 García
Hurtado de Mendoza, (b.
1535 - d. 1609)
marqués de Cañete
Feb 1561 - 22 Jun 1563
Francisco de Villagra Velásquez
(s.a.)
(4th time)
Jun 1563 - Jun
1565 Pedro de
Villagra y Martínez (b. 1513 - d.
1577)
(acting)
Jun 1565 - Aug
1567 Rodrigo
de Quiroga López Ulloa (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Aug 1567 - Jan 1575
Melchor Bravo de Saravia y
(b. 1512 - d. 1577)
Sotomayor
(president of
the Real Audiencia to Aug 1568)
Jan 1575 - Feb
1580 Rodrigo
de Quiroga López Ulloa (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Feb 1580 - Jul
1583 Martín
Ruiz de Gamboa de Berriz (b. 1533 - d.
1590)
Sep 1583 - Jul
1592 Alonso de
Sotomayor de Valmediano (b. 1545 - d. 1610)
Jul 1592 - 22 Nov 1598
Martín García Oñez de Loyola
(b. 1549 - d. 1598)
Dec 1598 - May 1599
Pedro de Viscarra de la Barrera
May 1599 - Jul
1600 Francisco
de Quiñónes
(b. 1540 - d. 1606)
30 Jul 1600 - Feb 1601
Alonso García de Ramón (1st time) (b. c.1552 - d.
1610)
Feb 1601 - Mar
1605 Alonso de
Ribera de Pareja (b. 1560 -
d. 1617)
(1st time) (acting)
Mar 1605 - 5 Aug 1610
Alonso García de Ramón (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Sep 1610 - 15 Jan 1611 Luis Merlo
de la Fuente y Ruíz
(b. 1558 - d. 1638)
Jan 1611 - 27 Mar 1612
Juan de la Jaraquemada (acting) (b. 1563 -
d. 1612)
Mar 1612 - 9 Mar
1617 Alonso de Ribera de Pareja
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
Mar 1617 - Jan
1618 Fernando
Talaverano Gallegos (b. 1563 - d.
1619)
Jan 1618 - 8 Dec
1620 Lope de Ulloa y Lemos
(b.
1572? - d. 1620)
Dec 1620 - Nov
1621 Cristóbal
de la Cerda y Sotomayor (b. 1585? - d. 1638)
Nov 1621 - 7 Sep
1624 Pedro Osores de
Ulloa
(b. 1554 - d. 1624)
Sep 1624 - May
1625 Francisco
de Álava y Nureña
(b. c.1567 - d. 16..)
(acting)
May 1625 - Dec
1629 Luís
Fernández de Córdoba y Arce (b. 1589 - d. c.1644)
Dec 1629 - May
1639 Francisco
Lasso de la Vega
(b. 1568 - d. 1640)
Alvarado
May 1639 - May
1646 Francisco
López de Zúñiga,
(b. 1599 - d. 1656)
marqués de Baides
May 1646 - Apr
1649 Martín de
Mújica y
Buitrón
(d. 1649)
Apr 1649 - May
1650 Alonso
Figueroa y Córdoba (b.
1589? - d. 1652)
May 1650 - Jan
1655 Francisco
Antonio de Acuña (b. 1597 -
d. 1662)
Cabrera y Bayona
Feb 1655 -
1656
Francisco de la Fuente Villalobos
(b. 1582 - d. 1659)
19 May 1656 - 27 Feb 1662 Pedro Pórter
Cesanete
(b. 1611 - d. 1662)
27 Feb 1662 - 22 May 1662 Diego González
Montero Justiniano (b. 1588 - d. 1671)
(1st time)(acting)
May 1662 - Jan
1664 Ángel de
Peredo
(b. 1623 - d. 1677)
Jan 1664 - 25 Dec 1667
Francisco de Meneses Brito
(b. 1615 - d. 1672)
25 Dec 1667 - Feb 1670
Diego Dávila Coello y Pacheco, (b. c.1621
- d. c.1680)
marqués de Navamorcuende
14 Feb 1670 - Oct 1670
Diego González Montero Justiniano (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
Oct 1670 - Apr
1682 Juan
Henríquez de Villalobos
(b. 1630 - d. 1689)
29 Apr 1682 - Jan 1692
Marcos José de Garro Senei de (b.
1623 - d. 1702)
Artola
5 Jan 1692 - Dec
1700 Tomás Marín de
Poveda,
(b. 1650 - d. 1703)
marqués de Cañada Hermosa
14 Dec 1700 - Jan 1709
Francisco Ibáñez de Segovia y
(b. 1644 - d. 1712)
Peralta
27 Jan 1709 - 23 Dec 1716 Juan Andrés de
Ustáriz
de
(b. 1656 - d. 1712)
Vertizberea
23 Dec 1716 - 16 Dec 1717 José de
Santiago Concha
y
(b. 1667 - d. 1718)
Salvatierra (acting)
17 Dec 1717 - 11 Nov 1733 Gabriel Cano de
Aponte
(b. 1665 - d. 1733)
Nov 1733 - May 1734
Francisco de
Sánchez de la (b. 1690
- d. 1738)
Barreda y Vera (acting)
May 1734 - 15 Nov 1737
Manuel Silvestre de Salamanca
(b. 1689 - d. 1775)
y Cano (acting)
15 Nov 1737 - 4 Jun 1745 José
Antonio Manso de Velasco
(b. 1688 - d. 1767)
y Sánchez de Samaniego,
conde de Superunda
4 Jun 1745 - Mar
1746 Francisco José de Ovando y
Solís, (b. 1693 - d. 1755)
marqués de Ovando (acting)
25 Mar 1746 - Dec 1755
Domingo Ortiz de Rozas y García (b. 1683 -
d. 1756)
de Villasuso, (from 22 Jun 1754)
conde de Poblaciones
Dec 1755 - 9 Sep
1761 Manuel d'Amat i de
Junyent (b.
1704 - d. 1782)
Planella Aimeric y Santa Pau
9 Sep 1761 - 3 Oct 1762 Félix
Ignacio de Berroeta y Torres (d.
1768)
(acting)
3 Oct 1762 - 17 Jan 1768 Antonio de
Guill y Gonzaga
(b. 1715 - d. 1768)
17 Jan 1768 - 3 Mar 1770 Juan de
Balmaceda y Censano (b. 1702
- d. 1778)
Beltrán (acting)
3 Mar 1770 - 6 Mar 1772
Francisco Javier de Morales y (b.
1769 - d. 1774)
Castejón de Arroyo (acting)
6 Mar 1772 - 1778
Augustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa
(b. 1711 - d. 1784)
Governors and Captains-general
1778 - 6 Jul 1780
Augustín de Jáuregui y
Aldecoa (s.a.)
6 Jul 1780 - 10 Dec 1780 Tomás Álvarez de
Acevedo Ordaz (b. 1735 - d.
1802)
(1st time) (acting)
10 Dec 1780 - Apr 1787
Ambrosio de Benavides Medina (b.
1718 - d. 1787)
Liñán y Torres
Apr 1787 - May
1788 Tomás
Álvarez de Acevedo Ordaz (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
May 1788 - 16 May 1796 Ambrosio
O'Higgins y Ballenary, (b. 1720 - d. 1801)
marqués de Osorno
16 May 1796 - 18 Sep 1796 José de Rezabal
y Ugarte (acting) (b. 1747 - d. 1800)
18 Sep 1796 - 21 Jan 1799 Gabriel de
Avilés y del Fierro, (b. 1735 - d.
1810)
marqués de Avilés
Jan 1799 - 6 Apr
1801 Joaquín del Pino Sánchez de
Rosas (b. 1729 - d. 1804)
Romero y Negrete (acting)
6 Apr 1801 - 31 Dec 1801 José de
Santiago Concha Jiménez (b. 1760 - d. 1835)
Lobatón (acting)
31 Dec 1801 - 30 Jan 1802 Francisco Tadeo
Díez de Medina (b.
1725 - d. 1803)
Vidanges (acting)
30 Jan 1802 - Feb 1808
Luís Antonio Muñoz de
Guzmán (b. 1735 - d.
1808)
Feb 1808 - 22 Apr 1808
Juan Rodríguez Ballesteros
(b. 1743 - d. 1818)
(acting)
22 Apr 1808 - 16 Jul 1810 Francisco
Antonio García Carrasco (b. 1742 - d. 1813)
Díaz
16 Jul 1810 - 18 Sep 1810 Mateo de Toro
Zambrano y Ureta, (b. 1727 - d. 1811)
conde de la Conquista (acting)
18 Sep 1810 - 4 Jul 1811 Government
(First) Junta
- Mateo de Toro y Zambrano y
(s.a.)
Ureta, conde de la Conquista
(president of the junta)
- José Antonio Martínez
de (b.
1731 - d. 1811)
Aldunate y Garcés, obispo de
Santiago
- Fernando, marqués de la
(b. 1740 - d. 1818)
Plata y Orozco
- Juan Martínez de Rozas Correa (b.
1759 - d. 1813)
(1st time)
- Ignácio de la Carrera Cuevas
(b. 1747 - d. 1819)
(1st time)
- Juan Enrique Rosales Fuentes
(b. 1749 - d. 1825)
(1st time)
- Francisco Javier de Reina (b.
1762 - d. 1815?)
Fernández
4 Jul 1811 – 20 Jul 1811 Juan Antonio Ovalle
(b. 1750 - d. 1819)
(president of National Congress)
20 Jul 1811 – 11 Aug 1811 Martín
Calvo de Encalada y (b. 1756
- d. 1828)
Recabarren
(president of National Congress)
11 Aug 1811 - 4 Sep 1811 Government
(Second) Junta (Provisional Executive Authority)
- Martín Calvo de Encalada y (s.a.)
Recabarren (1st time)
(president of Junta)
- Juan José Aldunate Larraín (b.
1782 - d. 1875)
- Juan Miguel Benavente Bustamante (b. 1767 - d.
18..)
- Francisco Javier del Solar Puga (b. 1771 - d.
1831)
4 Sep 1811 - 16 Nov 1811 Government
(Third) Junta (Executive Tribunal)
- Juan Martínez de Rozas
Correa (s.a.)
(2nd time)(president of Junta)
- Martín Calvo Encalada (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Juan Enrique Rosales Fuentes
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Juan Mackenna O'Reilly
(b. 1771 - d. 1819)
- José Gaspar Marín y Esquivel (b.
1772 - d. 1839)
(1st time)
16 Nov 1811 - 2 Dec 1811 Government
(Fourth) Junta
- José Miguel de la Carrera
y (b. 1785 - d. 1821)
Verdugo (1st time)(president
of Junta)
- José Gaspar Marín y Esquivel (s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (b.
1776 - d. 1824)
(1st time)
2 Dec 1811 - 13 Dec 1811 José
Miguel Carrera y Verdugo (s.a.)
13 Dec 1811 - 13 Apr 1813 Government (Fifth,
Sixth, Seventh and Eighth) Juntas
- José Miguel de la Carrera y
(s.a.)
Verdugo (2nd time)(from 1-13
Apr 1813)
- José Nicolas de la Cerda y (b.
1767 - d. 1847)
Santiago Concha
(from 8 Jan 1812)
- Ignácio de la Carrera Cuevas
(s.a.)
(from 3-12 Oct 1812)(2nd time)
- Manuel Manso de Velasco y Santa (b.
1755 - d. 18..)
Cruz (10-25 Jan 1812)(1st time)
- José Santiago Portales Larraín (b. 1764 -
d. 1835)
(from 25 Jan 1812)(1st time)
- Pedro José Prado Jaraquemada
(b. 1754 - d. 1827)
(1st time)
13 Apr 1813 – 7 Mar 1814 Government
(Ninth) Junta
- José Miguel de la Carrera y
(s.a.)
Verdugo (3rd time)(to Nov
1813)
- José Miguel Infante y Rojas
(b. 1778 - d. 1844)
(president
of Junta 23 Aug 1813 - 11 Jan 1814)
- José Nicolas de la Cerda y
(s.a.)
Santiago Concha
- Francisco Antonio Pérez Salas (b. 1764 -
d. 1828)
(to 9 Oct 1813)
(president
of
Junta 13 Apr 1813 - 23 Aug 1813)
- Manuel Manso de Velasco y Santa
(s.a.)
Cruz (2nd time)
- José Santiago Portales Larraín (s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Pedro José Prado Jaraquemada
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme
(s.a.)
(from 29 Nov 1813)(2nd time)
- Juan
Egaña Risco
(b. 1769 - d. 1836)
- Agustín
Manuel de Eyzaguirre (b. 1786 -
d. 1837)
Arechavala
(president of Junta from 11 Jan 1814)
- José Ignácio
Cienfuegos Arteaga (b. 1762 - d. 1847)
Supreme Directors
7 Mar 1814 – 14 Mar 1814 Antonio
José Ramón de Irisarri y (b. 1786
- d. 1868)
Alonso (interim)
14 Mar 1814 - 23 Jul 1814 Francisco de la
Lastra y de la (b. 1777 - d.
1852)
Sotta
23 Jul 1814 -c.14 Oct 1814 Government (10th)
Junta, Representative
of the
National Sovereignty
- José Miguel de la Carrera
y (s.a.)
Verdugo (4th time)
- Julián Urivi Ribas (Uribe Rivas) (b. 1780 - d.
1815)
- Manuel Muñoz
Urzúa
(b. 1778 - d. 18..)
Governors and Captains-general
(in opposition to 10 Oct 1814 and from 12 Jan 1817)
- in Chillána, then Concepción -
12 Dec 1812 - 21 May 1813 José Antonio de
Pareja y Mariscal (b. 1757 - d. 1813)
21 May 1813 - 1 Jan 1814 Juan
Francisco Sánchez
(b. 1757 - d. c.1820)
1 Jan 1814 - 19 Jul 1814 Gabino
Gaínza y Fernández de
(b. 1753 - d. 1829)
Medrano
19 Jul 1814 - 10 Oct 1814 Mariano de
Osorio
(b. 1777 - d. 1819)
- in Santiago -
10 Oct 1814 - 26 Dec 1815 Mariano de
Osorio
(s.a.)
26 Dec 1815 - 12 Jan 1817 Francisco
Casimiro Marcó del Ponte (b. 1777 - d. 1819)
Ángel Díaz y Méndez
- in Tacna -
12 Jan 1817 - 19 May 1819
Francisco Casimiro Marcó del Ponte (s.a.)
Ángel
Díaz y Méndez
Supreme Directors
16 Feb 1817 - 29 Jan 1823 Bernardo O'Higgins
Riquelme (s.a.)
29 Jan 1823 - 30 Jan 1823 Government
Junta
- Agustín
Manuel de Eyzaguirre y (b. 1768 - d. 1837)
Arechavala
- José Miguel Infante y Rojas
(s.a.)
-
Fernando de Errázuriz y Martínez (b. 1777 - d.
1841)
de Aldunate
30 Jan 1823 - 4 Apr 1823 Agustín Manuel de
Eyzaguirre y (s.a.)
Arechavala
(president of interim Government Junta)
4 Apr 1823 - 9 Jul 1826 Ramón
Freire y Serrano
(b. 1787 - d. 1851) Lib
(provisional to 21 Aug 1823)
Presidents
9 Jul 1826 - 9 Sep
1826 Manuel José Blanco y
Calvo
(b. 1790 - d. 1876) Non-party
de Encalada
9 Sep 1826 - 25 Jan
1827 Agustín Manuel de Eyzaguirre
(s.a.)
y Arechavala (acting)
25 Jan 1827 - 6 May
1827 Ramón Freire y Serrano (1st time)
(s.a.)
Lib
(interim to 13 Feb 1827)
7 May 1827 - 16 Sep 1829
Francisco Antonio Pinto y Díaz
(b. 1785 - d. 1858) Lib
de la Puente (1st time)(acting)
15 Jul 1827 - 19 Oct 1827 Francisco
Ramón de Vicuña Larraín (b. 1775 - d. 1849)
Lib
(acting for incapacitated Pinto)
16 Sep 1829 - 19 Oct 1829
Francisco Ramón de Vicuña Larraín (s.a.)
Lib
(1st time)(Supreme chief)
19 Oct 1829 - 2 Nov 1829
Francisco Antonio Pinto y Díaz
(s.a.)
Lib
de la Puente (2nd time)
2 Nov 1829 - 12 Nov
1829 Francisco Ramón de Vicuña Larraín (s.a.)
Lib
(2nd time)(Supreme chief)(in Valparaíso
12
Nov - 8 Dec 1829, continues to 17 Feb
1830 gradually losing recognition)
7 Nov 1829 - 16 Dec 1829 Ramón Freire y
Serrano (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lib
(president of the Government Junta, in Santiago)
12 Nov 1829 - 18 Feb 1830 no
nationally recognized Head of State
24 Dec 1829 – 17 Feb 1830 Governing
Junta of the Province of Santiago
- José Tomás de Ovalle Bezanilla (b.
1788 - d. 1831) Con
- Isidoro de Errázuriz y Martínez (b. 1782
- d. 1833)
de Aldunate
- José María Guzmán Ibáñez
(b. 1774 - d. 1860)
(from 1 Jan 1830)
18 Feb 1830 - 31 Mar 1830 Francisco Antonio
Pascual de la (b. 1787 - d. 1860)
Con
Ascensión Ruiz de Tagle y Portales
1 Apr 1830 - 21 Mar 1831 José Tomás
de Ovalle Bezanilla
(s.a.)
Con
(acting)
8 Mar 1831 - 18 Sep 1831 Fernando
de Errázuriz y Martínez (s.a.)
de Aldunate
(acting for incapacitated Ovalle to 21
Mar 1831,
then
"accidental" to 22 Mar 1831, then acting)
18 Sep 1831 - 18 Sep 1841 José Joaquín
Prieto
Vial
(b. 1786 - d. 1854) Con
18 Sep 1841 - 18 Sep 1851 Manuel Bulnes
Prieto
(b. 1799 - d. 1866) Con
18 Sep 1851 - 18 Sep 1861 Manuel
Francisco Antonio Julián (b. 1809 - d.
1880) Con/PC
Montt Torres
5 Jan 1859 - 29 Apr 1859 Pedro León Gallo
Goyenechea (b. 1830
- d. 1877) PR
(in
rebellion; intendant of Atacama)
18 Sep 1861 - 18 Sep 1871 José Joaquín
Pérez Mascayano (b.
1800 - d. 1889) PC
18 Sep 1871 - 18 Sep 1876 Federico Marcos
del Rosario
(b. 1825 - d. 1877) PL
Errázuriz Zañartu
18 Sep 1876 - 18 Sep 1881 Aníbal Pinto
Garmendia
(b. 1825 - d. 1884) PL
18 Sep 1881 - 18 Sep 1886 Domingo Santa
María González (b.
1825 - d. 1889) PL
18 Sep 1886 - 29 Aug 1891 José Manuel
Emiliano Balmaceda (b. 1840 - d.
1891) PLD
Fernández
29 Aug 1891 - 31 Aug 1891 Manuel Jesús
Baquedano González de (b. 1826 - d. 1897) Mil
Labra ("accidental" provisional government)
1 Jan 1891 - 12 Apr 1891 Delegation
of the National Congress
- Waldo
Gómez de Silva Algüe (b. 1820
- d. 1892) PN
- Ramón
Barros Luco
(b. 1835 - d. 1919) PL
(in
opposition at Iquique)
12 Apr 1891 - 10 Nov 1891 Government
Junta
-
Jorge Montt
Álvarez
(b. 1846 - d. 1922) Mil
(president of government junta from
14 Apr 1891)
- Waldo Gómez
de Silva Algüe (s.a.)
PN
- Ramón
Barros Luco
(s.a.)
PL
(in
opposition at Iquique to 31 Aug 1891)
10 Nov 1891 - 18 Sep 1896 Jorge Montt
Álvarez
(s.a.)
Mil
(chief of the Executive Power to 26 Dec 1891)
18 Sep 1896 - 12 Jul 1901 Federico
Errázuriz Echaurren (b.
1850 - d. 1901) PL
12 Jul 1901 - 18 Sep 1901 Aníbal Zañartu
Zañartu (acting) (b. 1847 - d. 1902)
PL
18 Sep 1901 - 18 Sep 1906 Germán Riesco
Errázuriz
(b. 1854 - d. 1916) AL
18 Sep 1906 - 16 Aug 1910 Pedro Elías
Pablo Montt Montt (b. 1848 - d.
1910) PN
16 Aug 1910 - 6 Sep 1910 Elías
Fernández Albano (acting) (b. 1845 - d.
1910) PC
6 Sep 1910 - 23 Dec 1910 Pío
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín (b.
1860 - d. 1931) PLD
(1st time) (acting)
23 Dec 1910 - 23 Dec 1915 Ramón Barros
Luco
(s.a.)
AL
23 Dec 1915 - 23 Dec 1920 Juan Luis
Sanfuentes Andonaegui (b. 1858 - d.
1930) PLD
23 Dec 1920 - 9 Sep 1924 Arturo
Fortunato Alessandri Palma (b. 1868 - d.
1950) PL
(departed country 10 Sep 1924; resignation accepted 12
Sep 1924)
(1st time)
9 Sep 1924 - 11
Sep 1924 Luis Altamirano Talavera
(1st time)(b. 1867 - d. 1938) Mil
(acting)
11 Sep 1924 - 16 Sep 1924 Government
Junta
- Luis Altamirano Talavera
(s.a.)
Mil
- Juan Pablo Bennett Argandoña
(b. 1871 - d. 1951) Mil
- Francisco Nef
Jara
(b. 1863 - d. 1931) Mil
16 Sep 1924 - 23 Jan 1925 Luis Altamirano
Talavera (2nd time)(s.a.)
Mil
(president of Government Junta)
23 Jan 1925 - 27 Jan 1925 Pedro Pablo
Dartnell Encina (b.
1874 - d. 1944) Mil
(president of Government Junta)
27 Jan 1925 - 20 Mar 1925 Emilio Bello
Codesido
(b. 1868 - d. 1941) PLD
(president of Government Junta)
20 Mar 1925 - 1 Oct 1925 Arturo
Fortunato Alessandri Palma
(s.a.)
PL
(2nd time)
1 Oct 1925 - 23 Dec 1925 Luis Barros
Borgoño (acting) (b. 1858
- d. 1943) PL
23 Dec 1925 - 9 May 1927 Pío
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín
(s.a.)
PLD
(2nd time)
7 Apr 1927 - 26 Jul 1931 Carlos
Ibáñez del Campo (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1960)
Mil
(acting [for absent Larraín to 9 May 1927] to 21 Jul
1927)
26 Jul 1931 – 27 Jul 1931 Pedro Opaso
Letelier
(b. 1876 - d. 1957) PLD
(acting
for Ibáñez)
27 Jul 1931 - 20 Aug 1931 Juan
Esteban Montero Rodríguez (b.
1879 - d. 1948) PR
(acting)
20 Aug 1931 – 15 Nov 1931 Manuel Trucco
Franzani (b.
1875 - d. 1954) PR
(acting)
15 Nov 1931 - 4 Jun 1932 Juan Esteban
Montero Rodríguez (s.a.)
PR
(acting to 4 Dec 1931)
4 Jun 1932 - 16 Jun 1932 Arturo Puga Osório
(b. 1879 - d. 1970) Mil
(chairman of Government Junta of "Socialist Republic of
Chile")
17 Jun 1932 - 13 Sep 1932 Carlos Gregorio
Dávila Espinoza (b. 1887 - d.
1955) PR
(president Junta of "Socialist Republic of Chile" to 8
Jul 1932,
then provisional president of "Socialist Republic of
Chile")
13 Sep 1932 - 2 Oct 1932 Bartolomé
Guillermo Blanche Espejo (b. 1879 - d. 1970)
Mil
(provisional)
2 Oct 1932 - 24 Dec 1932 Abraham
Oyanedel Urrutia (acting) (b. 1874 - d.
1952) Non-party
24 Dec 1932 - 24 Dec 1938 Arturo
Fortunato Alessandri Palma
(s.a.)
PL
(3rd time)
24 Dec 1938 - 25 Nov 1941 Pedro Abelino Aguirre
Cerda (b. 1879
- d. 1941) PR/FP
25 Nov 1941 - 2 Apr 1942 Jerónimo
Méndez Arancibia (acting) (b. 1887 - d. 1959) PR
2 Apr 1942 - 27 Jun 1946 Juan
Antonio Ríos
Morales
(b. 1888 - d. 1946) PR/FP
17 Jan 1946 - 17 Oct 1946 Alfredo Duhalde
Vásquez (b.
1898 - d. 1985) FP
(acting [for Ríos to 27 Jun 1946])
3 Aug 1946 - 17 Oct 1946 Vicente
Merino
Bielich
(b. 1889 - d. 1977) Mil/FP
(acting for Duhalde)
17 Oct 1946 - 3 Nov 1946 Juan
Antonio Iribarren Cabezas (b.
1885 - d. 1977) PR
(acting)
3 Nov 1946 - 3 Nov 1952
Gabriel González
Videla
(b. 1898 - d. 1980) PR/FP
3 Nov 1952 - 3 Nov 1958
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PAL
3 Nov 1958 - 3 Nov 1964 Jorge
Alessandri
Rodríguez
(b. 1896 - d. 1986) PC/Ind
3 Nov 1964 - 3 Nov 1970
Eduardo Nicanor Frei
Montalva (b. 1911 - d.
1982) PDC
3 Nov 1970 - 11 Sep 1973 Salvador
Guillermo Allende Gossens (b. 1908 - d. 1973)
PS-UP
11 Sep 1973 - 27 Jun 1974 Government
Junta
- Augusto José Ramón
Pinochet (b. 1915 - d.
2006) Mil
Ugarte (president)
- Santiago José Toribio Merino (b. 1915 -
d. 1996) Mil
Castro
- Gustavo Leigh
Guzmán
(b. 1920 - d. 1999) Mil
- César Leonidas Mendoza Durán
(b. 1918 - d. 1996) Mil
27 Jun 1974 - 11 Mar 1990 Augusto José
Ramón Pinochet Ugarte
(s.a.)
Mil
(Supreme Chief of the Nation to 17 Dec 1974)
11 Mar 1990 - 11 Mar 1994 Patricio Aylwin
Azócar
(b. 1918 - d. 2016) PDC
11 Mar 1994 - 11 Mar 2000 Eduardo
Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei (b.
1942)
PDC
Ruiz-Tagle
11 Mar 2000 - 11 Mar 2006 Ricardo Froilán
Lagos Escobar (b.
1938)
PPD
11 Mar 2006 - 11 Mar 2010 Verónica
Michelle
Bachelet
(b.
1951)
PS
Jeria (f) (1st time)
11 Mar 2010 - 11 Mar 2014 Miguel Juan Sebastián
Piñera (b. 1949 - d.
2024) RN/Ind
Echenique (1st time)
11 Mar 2014 - 11 Mar 2018 Verónica
Michelle
Bachelet
(s.a.)
PS
Jeria (f) (2nd time)
11 Mar 2018 - 11 Mar 2022 Miguel
Juan Sebastián Piñera
(s.a.)
RN/Ind
Echenique (2nd time)
11 Mar 2022
-
Gabriel Boric
Font
(b.
1986)
CS
¹The Congress is located in Valparaíso, having been moved from Santiago de Chile during the last years of the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (s.a.). Although it was moved by an act of 1987, it was not until the first democratic government of Patricio Aylwin in 1990 that i began to function as the seat of the Congress.
Territorial Disputes: Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, but Chile has offered instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile to Bolivian natural gas; Chile rejects Peru's unilateral legislation to change its latitudinal maritime boundary with Chile to an equidistance line with a southwestern axis favoring Peru; in Oct 2007, Peru took its maritime complaint with Chile to the ICJ; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001, has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur).
Party abbreviations: CPD
= Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia (Concert of
Parties for Democracy, electoral coalition of
PDC, PPD, PS, and PRSD, est.1988); CS =
Convergencia Social (Social Convergence,
libertarian socialist, autonomist, progressive, 9 Mar
2020); Ind = Independiente
(Independent);
PDC = Partido Demócrata Cristiano de
Chile (Christian Democratic Party of Chile, christian
democratic, est.1957); PPD =
Partido por la Democracia (Party for Democracy,
social-liberal, est.1987); PRSD
= Partido Radical Social-Demócrata (Social Democratic
Radical Party, centrist, est.1994); PS
= Partido Socialista de Chile (Socialist Party of Chile,
socialist, est.1933); RN =
Renovación Nacional (National Renewal, center-right,
est.1987); Mil = Military;
- Former parties:
AL = Allianza Liberal (Liberal
Alliance, 1891-1924); Con
= Conservador (Conservative, supported
Catholic Church, later PC, 19th cent.); FP
= Frente Popular (Popular Front, left-wing coalition of
PR, PS, PCC, 1937-1941); PAL =
Partido Agrario Laborista (Agrarian Labor Party, Ibañismo,
traditionalist, nationalist, 1945-1958);
PC = Partido Conservador
(Conservative Party, 1851-1949); Lib
= Liberal (Liberal, anti-clerical, later
PL, 19th cent.); PL
= Partido Liberal (Liberal Party, 1849-1966, 1983-2000);
PLD = Partido Liberal Democrático
(Liberal Democratic Party, 1893-1933); PN
= Partido Nacional (National Party, 1857-1933,
1956-1958); PR = Partido
Radical (Radical Party, 1863-1994); UP
= Unidad Popular (People's Unity, coalition of
PS and Partido Comunista de Chile [Chilean Communist
Party] PCC, 1970-1973)
Chiloé
![[Spanish War Ensign
(1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif "[Spanish War Ensign (1785-1931)]")
|
|
(1784-1826); Santiago de Castro (1567-1784) |
1553
Chiloé discovered
by Captian Francisco de Ulloa.
1567
Claimed for Spain by Martin Ruiz de Gamboa.
May 1643 - 24 Aug 1643
Dutch occupation named Staaten Eyelandt (Staten
Island).
20 Aug 1767
Isla Grande de Chiloé, a direct dependency of the
Viceroyalty
of Peru.
19 May 1784
Made a separate intendancy
under Peru.
Dec
1817
Occupied by remnants of Spanish forces fleeing Chilean
mainland.
19 Jan
1826
Spanish royalist forces surrender. Chiloé
is annexed to Chile
by the Treaty of Tantauco.
Dutch commanders
May 1643 - 7 Aug
1643 Hendrik
Brouwer
(b. 1581 - d. 1643)
Aug 1643 - 24 Aug
1643 Elias Herckmans
(b. 1596 - d. 1644)
Military governors
1767 - 28 Mar 1768
Manuel Fernández de
Castelblanco (b. 1728 - d. 1791)
y
Loyola
1768 - 1777
Carlos de Beranguer y Renaud
(b. 1719 - d. 1793)
1777 - 1784
Antonio
Martínez y La Espada de (b. 1721 - d. ....)
Ponce y León
Intendants and Military governors
1784 - 1786
Antonio Martínez de la
Espada de (s.a.)
Ponce y León
1786 - 1788
Francisco
Hurtado del Pino (b. 1748 -
d. af.1794)
22 Dec 1788 - 1791
Francisco de Garos (interim)
(d. 1792)
1791 - 1797
Pedro de Cañaveral y Ponce de León
(b. 1736 - d. 1819)
y
Messía
1797 - Jun 1800
Antonio Montes de la Puente
(b. 1722 - d. 1800)
1800
César
Balbiani (Balviani)
(b. 17.. - d. af.1808)
1800 - c.1812
Antonio Álvarez y
Jiménez
(b. c.1755 - d. 1812)
18 Jan 1813 - 13 Mar 1813 José Antonio de
Pareja y Mariscal (b. 1757 - d. 1813)
1813 - 1819
Ignacio María
Jústiz y Urrutia (b. 1778 - d. 1826)
(interim)
1819 - 18 Jan
1826
Antonio de Quintanilla y Santiago (b. 1787 - d.
1863)
Magallanes y Antártica Chilena
|
|
![[Región Magallanes y
Antártica Chilena (Chile)]](cl-12.gif "[Región
Magallanes y Antártica Chilena (Chile)]") |
|
Antartida e Islas |
(Antártica Chilena: Puerto Williams) --------------------------------- Antártica Chilena chief stations: Presidente Montalva (from 1969), Arturo Prat (1947-2004, from 2008), Bernardo O'Higgins (from 1948) |
(Antártica Chilena prov. 1,792) |
24 Jan 1539 - 29 May 1555 Governorate of Terra
Australis (Gobernación de la Terra Australis),
created
by the King of Spain, Charles V, encompassing the lands
south of
the Strait of Magellan and theoretically Antarctica,
the existence of which was only hypothesized at the
time. Spain
(Castile) claimed all the territories to the south of
the Strait
of Magellan until the South Pole, with eastern and
western borders
to these
claims specified in the Treaty of Tordesillas and
Zaragoza respectively. In 1555 the claim is incorporated
to Chile.
8 Jul
1853
Magallanes Territory (Territorio de
Magallanes).
22 May
1929
Raised to Magallanes Province (Provincia de
Magallanes).
6 Nov
1940
Chilean Antarctic (Antártica
Chilena), defined as between
longitudes 53°W to 90°W,
is claimed by Chile.
27 Mar 1942
Chilean
Antarctic Commission (Comisión Chilena
Antártica) created
to
handle all questions relating to Chilena
Antártica.
17 Jun 1955
Chilean Antarctic Territory (Territorio
Chileno Antártico) is
added to
the jurisdiction of Magallanes
province.
11 Jul
1961
Commune of La Antártica Chilena created within
Magallanes
department.
10 Oct 1963
Chilean
Antarctic Institute (Instituto Antártico
Chileno) created.
12 Jul
1974
Magellanes and Chilean Antarctic (Magallanes
y Antártica Chilena)
in Region XII created (53°W to 90°W is Chilean Antarctic
claim).
4 Nov
1975
Chilean Antarctic
(Antártica Chilena) made a separate
province
(within the Magallanes y Antártica region).
18 Feb 2018
Numbering in the name of the
regions eliminated.
Adelantados of the Governorate of Terra
Australis
24 Jan 1539 - 2 Aug 1540 Pedro Sancho de
la
Hoz
(b. 1513 - d. 1547)
2 Aug 1540 - 25 Dec 1553 Pedro Gutiérrez de
Valdivia (b. 1497 - d. 1553)
29 Sep 1554 - 29 May 1555 Jerónimo de Alderete y
Mercado (b. 1516 - d. 1556)
Governors of Magallanes Province (in Punta Arenas)
1926 -
1929
Javier Palacios Hurtado
1929 -
1931
Manuel Guillermo de Jesus Chaparro (b. 1894 - d. 1953)
Ruminot
1931 - Jun
1932
Braulio Bahamondes
Montaña
(b. 1874 - d. 1935)
Jun 1932 - Dec
1932 Luis
Tapia
Dec 1932 - Dec 1934 Carlos
Jara
Torres
(d. 1934)
Dec 1934 - Apr 1936 Arturo de
la Cuadra
Poisson (b.
1891 - d. 19..)
Apr 1936 - Apr 1937 René
Ponce del
Canto
(b. 1886 - d. 1937)
4 Apr 1937 -
1937
Santiago Joaquín Pérez Rodríguez- (b. 1883 - d.
19..) PL
Peña
9 Dec 1937 - Aug 1940
Alfredo Rodríguez McIver
(b. 1888 - d. 19..) Mil
9 Aug 1940 - Mar 1942
Julio César Carvallo Casanova
(b. 1890 - d. 1964) Mil
4 Apr 1942 - Jun 1943
Alejandro Lagos Rivera
(b. 1894 - d. 19..) PR
7 Jun 1943 - Dec 1945 Juan
Liborio Guillermo Arroyo Acuña(b. 1891 - d. c.1965)Mil
9 Dec 1945 - 23 Oct 1950 Jorge Ihnen Stuven
(b. 1890 - d. 1971)
1950
Enrique Calvo Gallegos
Mil
1950 - 1952
Agustín Parada Henríquez
(b. 1897 - d. 19..)
Mil
1952 - Oct 1953
Humberto Díaz
Vera
(b. 1900 - d. 1980) PS
29 Oct 1953 – 26 Dec 1953 Manuel Guillermo
de Jesus Chaparro (b. 1894 - d. 1953) PRM
Ruminot
Dec 1953 - Feb 1955 Manuel
Guillermo Chaparro Bitsch (b. 1923 - d.
2005) PRM
23 Feb 1955 - 5 Jun 1956 Manuel Rivera
Rivera
(b. 1903 - d. 1978) Mil
14 Jun 1956 - 31 Oct 1958 Cecil Olaf Rasmussen
Bishop (b. 1904 - d.
1972) PRM
1958 – 1962
Jorge Humberto Araos Salinas
(b. 1904 - d. 1993) Mil
1962 - 1963
Raúl Labarca Carmona
(b. 1905 - d.
1986) Mil
1964 -
1970
Mateo Martinic Beros
(b. 1931)
PDC
1967
Tolentino Pérez
Soto
(b. 1937) PDC
(acting
for Martinic)
1970 - 1972
Zvonimir Gezan
Livacic
(b. 1920? - d. 1986) PS
1972 - May
1973
José Manuel Torres de la
Cruz (b. 1918 - d.
2001) Mil
(1st
time)
May 1973 - Sep 1973 Octavio
Castro Sáez
(b. 1919 - d. 1980) PS
11 Sep 1973 - 26 Dec 1973 José Manuel
Torres de la Cruz (s.a.)
Mil
(chairman of provincial government junta)
(2nd time)
26 Dec 1973 - 11 Jun 1974 César Raúl Manuel
Benavides Escobar(b. 1912 - d. 1998) Mil
11 Jun 1974 -
1985
Carlos Soto
Pelizzari
(b. 19.. - d. 2014) Mil
1985 - 11 Mar
1990
....
9 Mar 1990 - 11 Mar 1990 Maria Teresa
Kuzmanic Pinto (f)
11 Mar 1990 - 11 Mar 1994 Carlos Zanzi
Cuccuini
(b. 1914 - d. ....)
11 Mar 1994 - 11 Mar 2000 Manuel Jesús Barrera
Rojas
11 Mar 2000 - 17 Apr 2003 Jaime Mauricio Jelincic
Aguilar (b.
1958)
PRSD
17 Apr 2003 - 10 Dec 2008 Ana María Díaz Pérez (f)
10 Dec 2008 - 11 Mar 2010 Carolina Alejandra
Saldivia (b.
1976? - d. 2021) PS
Andrade (f)
11 Mar 2010 - 15 Nov 2012 Gloria Geronima Vilicic
Peña (f) (b. 1953 - d. 2022) RN
15 Nov 2012 - 2 Feb 2013 Ramón Hugo Flores
Aguilar (acting)
2 Feb 2013 - 11 Mar 2014 Segundo del Carmen
Alvarez Sánchez
11 Mar 2014 - 11 Mar 2018 Paola Andrea Fernández
Gálvez (f)
11 Mar 2018 - 13 Feb 2019 Ricardo Nicolás Cogler
Galindo
13 Feb 2019 - 20 Nov 2020 Homero Antonio Villegas
Núñez
20 Nov 2020 - 12 Jul 2021 Alejandro Ignacio
Vásquez Servieri
Intendants of Region (XII) Magallanes y
Antártica Chilena
19 Jul 1974 – 28 Nov 1974 Augusto Lutz
Urzúa
(b. 1923 - d. 1974) Mil
15 Jan 1975 – 11 Feb 1977 Washington
Sergio Carrasco (b. 1922 -
d. 2021) Mil
Fernández
11 Feb 1977 – 15 Feb 1979
Nilo Alfredo Floody Buxton
(b. 1921 - d. 2013) Mil
15 Feb 1979 – 28 Dec 1981 Sergio Adolfo
Carlos Covarrubias (b. 1923 - d. 2017)
Mil
Sanhueza
28 Dec 1981 – 19 Dec 1984 Juan
Guillermo Toro Dávila
(b. 1927 - d.
2020) Mil
19 Dec 1984 – 19 Dec 1986 Luís Francisco
Danús Covián
(b. 1930 - d.
2013) Mil
19 Dec 1986 – 6 Jul 1987 Claudio
López Silva
(b. 1928 - d. 2015) Mil
6 Jul 1987 – 24 Nov 1988 Mario Navarrete
Barriga (b.
1935) Mil
24 Nov 1988 – 21 Dec 1989 Patricio Rafael
Alberto Gualda (b. 1937)
Mil
Tiffaine
22 Dec 1989 - 9 Mar 1990 Alejandro
González
Samohod
(b. 1938 - d. 2017) Mil
9 Mar 1990 - 11 Mar 1990 María
Teresa Kuzmanic Pinto (f)
11 Mar 1990 - 11 Mar 1994 Roque Tomás Scarpa
Martinich (b.
1930 - d. 2015) PDC
11 Mar 1994 - 11 Mar 2000 Ricardo León
Salles González
11 Mar 2000 - 1 Jul 2001 Nelda
Maria Teresa Panicucci
(b. 1933 - d. 2008) PS
Bianchi (f)
1 Jul 2002 - 7 Apr 2003 Raúl
Magallanes Hein Bozic
(b. 1960?)
PS
7 Apr 2004 - 11 Mar 2006 Jaime
Mauricio Jelincic Aguilar (s.a.)
PRSD
11 Mar 2006 - 9 Dec 2008 Eugenia
Valentina Mancilla
(b. 1965)
PDC
Macias
(f)
9 Dec 2008 - 11 Mar 2010 Mario José Maturana
Jaman
PDC
11 Mar 2010 - 25 Apr 2011 Liliana Kusanovic
Marusic (f) (b. 1955)
Ind
25 Apr 2011 - 9 Aug 2012 Arturo Sverre
Storaker Molina (b. 1952)
UDI
9 Aug 2012 - 27 Aug 2012 Gloria Geronima
Vilicic Peña (f) (s.a.)
RN
(acting)
27 Aug 2012 - 10 Sep 2013 Mauricio Sergio Peña y
Lillo Correa(b. 1958)
UDI
11 Sep 2013 - 11 Mar 2014 Claudio Andrés Radonich
Jiménez (b. 1973)
RN
11 Mar 2014 - 9 Jun 2017 Jorge
Mauricio Flies Añón
(b. 1969)
Ind
9 Jun 2017 - 11 Mar 2018 Rodolfo Marcelo
Cárdenas
Alvarado
PRSD
11 Mar 2018 - 10 Jul 2018 Christian Eduardo
Matheson Villán (b.
1957)
Ind
11 Jul 2018 - 13 Feb 2019 María
Teresa Castañón Silva (f) (b.
1978)
RN
13 Feb 2019 - 21 Sep 2020 José Adolfo Fernández
Dübrock (b. 1953)
Ind
22 Sep 2020 - 14 Jul 2021 Jennifer Carolina Rojas
García (f) (b. 1989)
RN
Regional Governor of
Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region
14 Jul 2021 -
Jorge Mauricio Flies
Añón
(s.a.)
Ind
Regional Presidential Delegates,
Magallanes y Antártica Chilena
14 Jul 2021 - 11 Mar 2022 Jennifer Carolina Rojas
García (f)
(s.a.)
RN
11 Mar 2022
-
Luz Andrea Bermúdez
Sandoval (b.
1983) CS
Governors of Antártica Chilena Province (in
Puerto Williams)
(also 1974-1990, commanders of Beagle de Puerto
Williams Naval District)
1974 -
1976
Fernando Federico Guillermo Camus (b. 19.. - d.
2015) Mil
Scherrer
1976 - 1978
Walter Luis Roehrs Bello
(b. 1936)
Mil
1978 - 1980
Gastón Horacio Droguett Valdivia
(b.
1942/43)
Mil
1980 - 1982
Frederick William Corthorn
Besse
Mil
1982 - 1984
Juan Eduardo Echeverría Ossa
(b. 19.. - d. 2020?) Mil
1984 - 1986
Marcos Edmundo José Groetaers
Toso
Mil
1986 - 1988
Hugo León Guillermo Bruna Greene
Mil
1988 - 7 Dec 1990
Christian Alejandro Jorge de
(b. 1930)
Mil
Bonnafos Gandara
7 Dec 1990 - 11 Mar 1994 Luis
Maldonado Fernández
(b. 1946)
Mil
11 Mar 1994 - 11 Mar 2000 Héctor Hernán
Scarich Gallardo (b. 1946 - d.
2021) PPD
11 Mar 2000 - 10 Mar 2006 Eduardo Ulises
Barros González
PPD
2004
Juan Yemil Altair
Harcha Kusanovic
(acting for Barros)
11 Mar 2006 - 22 Jun 2007 Belgica Paola de
Lourdes Arizmendy
PRSD
Carilao (f)
22 Jun 2007 - 11 Mar 2010 Claudio
Alejandro Flores Flores (b. 1972)
PRSD
11 Mar 2010 - 11 Mar 2014 Nelson Isaac
Cárcamo Barrera
(b. 1951) UDI
(1st
time)
11 Mar 2014 - 9 Jun 2017 Patricio
Fernando Oyarzo Gáez
(b. 1976)
PPD
9 Jun 2017 - 11 Mar 2018
Daniela Vanessa Díaz Mayorga
(f)
PPD
11 Mar 2018 - 19 Feb 2019 Juan José Arcos
Srdanovic (b.
1971) PRID
20 Feb 2019 - 14 Jul 2021 Nelson
Isaac Cárcamo Barrera
(s.a.)
UDI
(2nd time)
Provincial Presidential Delegates, Antártica
Chilena Province
14 Jul 2021 - 11 Mar 2022
Nelson Isaac Cárcamo
Barrera
(s.a.)
UDI
11 Mar 2022
-
María Luisa Muñoz Manquemilla (f) (b. 19..)
Ind
Note: Antarctic claim overlaps Argentine and British claims and is not recognized by U.K., United Nations, U.S., Russia or other countries.
Party abbreviations: CS
= Convergencia Social (Social
Convergence, libertarian socialist, autonomist,
progressive, 9 Mar 2020); Ind
= Independiente (Independent); PDC =
Partido Demócrata Cristiano de Chile (Christian
Democratic Party of Chile, christian democratic,
est.1957); PPD = Partido
por la Democracia (Party for Democracy,
social-liberal, est.1987); PRID = Partido
Regionalista Independiente Demócrata (Independent
Democratic Regionalist Party, regionalist, social
christian, centrist, est.20 Feb 2018); PRSD
= Partido Radical Social-Demócrata (Social Democratic
Radical Party, centrist, est.1994); PS
= Partido Socialista de Chile (Socialist Party of Chile,
socialist, est.14 Jun 1933); RN = Renovación
Nacional (National Renovation, center-right, est.1987);
UDI = Unión Demócrata
Independiente (Independent Democratic Union,
national conservative, est.1983);
Mil = Military;
- Former parties:
PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party,
1849-1966, 1983-2000); PR
= Partido Radical (Radical Party, 1863-1994); PRM
= Partido Regionalista de Magallanes (Regionalist
Party of Magellanes,
regioanlist, 1932-1960, 2015-2017)
Easter Island (Isla de Pascua/Rapa Nui)
![[Recreation of
Dutrou-Bornier's flag 1869-1876 (Easter
Island)]](cl-05iph.gif "[Recreation of Dutrou-Bornier's
flag 1869-1876 (Easter Island)]") |
|
|
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![[Rapa Nui
kingdom flag 1876-1888 (Easter Island)]](cl-18iph.gif "[Rapa Nui kingdom flag 1876-1888
(Easter Island)]")
![[Flag of Rapa
Nui (Chile)]](cl_rapa.gif "[Flag of Rapa Nui
(Chile)]")
|
|
"Dulce Patria, recibe los votos" (Gentle homeland, accept the vows) |
"Himno a Motu Matua" (Himno de Rapa Nui) Adopted 2007 |
(11 Mar 1981; in Spanish) |
|
(Mataveri 1871-1876) |
|
Dia de la Anexión (Annexation Day) |
|
|
(included in Chile figures) |
Imports: $N/A (included in Chile figures) |
Amerindian 1% (2002) |
|
|
|
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||
| International Organizations/Treaties: None | |||
Note: Easter Island had no traditional name in the island language; although this seems natural, given its isolation, it runs counter to the Polynesian practice of transporting island names in their migrations. Authors have tried to claim that Te Pito 'o Te Henua, meaning the Navel of the World in the island language, was the name brought with the founding migration, but this has been successfully disputed. The name Rapanui (Great Rapa, as opposed to Rapaiti, the Rapa in French Polynesia) was attributed in the 19th century and has acquired official status. The island had a highly tabooed paramount chief or king, the 'ariki henua. The office was hereditary in the Miru clan, and it appears that, in a similar fashion to Tahitian custom, the first-born son of the 'ariki henua succeeded to the position at birth because the mana passed to him at that moment, his father remaining in power as his regent until his marriage. In 1862, when the population of the island had already been severely depleted, Peruvian guano collectors raided the island, killed a large part of the population, and kidnapped almost all the rest, including the two 'ariki henua (i.e., the nominal 'ariki henua Maurata and his father and predecessor Kai Mako'i iti). Of the kidnapped population, fewer than 200 survived to be returned. Under these circumstances practically all knowledge of the past was lost or thoroughly garbled. It is therefore impossible to recover precise information. There are about six or seven lists of 'ariki henua that were provided to visitors and researchers, with between 20 and 57 names. Here is a list that is perhaps among the less unreliable ones (however, a recent article has revived interest in the 57-name list because carbon-dating has retrojected the human settlement of the island to no later than the 5th century).
c.300/1200
AD
Polynesian migrants establish a state on modern day
Easter Island.
The earliest inhabitants call the island "Te Pito o
TeHenua"
(the Navel/End of the World), which by the 19th century
is
referred
to as "Rapanui."
5 Apr
1722
Visited by Dutch Admiral Jacob Roggeveen (b. 1659 - d.
1729),
on
Easter Sunday and named Paasch-Eyland (Easter
Island)(not
settled).
19 Nov
1770
Annexed for Spain by Felipe González de Ahedo (b. 1714 -
d. 1802)
and named Isla de San Carlos
(not settled).
17 Mar
1774
Visited by British Capt. James Cook (b. 1728 - d. 1779),
which he
names Easter Island.
10 Apr
1786
Visited by French Admiral Jean François de Galaup, comte
de
Lapérouse (b. 1744 - d. 1788).
1860's
None of the Moai (statues) were left standing by
the time of the
arrival
of the French missionaries.
1862 -
1863
The island is victimized by blackbirding resulting in
the abduction
about 1,500, with 1,408 working as indentured servants
in Peru.
1868 -
1876
French adventurer Dutrou-Bornier seizes control of the
island.
9 Sep
1888
Annexed by Chile (Isla de Pascua)
by deed signed by Capt. Policarpo
Toro
Hurtado (b. 1856 - d. 1921) of Chile and the island
chiefs.
1888 -
1892
Policarpo Toro Hurtado and his
brother lease a greater part of the
island from the Chilean government to run a sheep farm.
1892 - 1897
Enrique Merlet buys the land lease from the Toro
brothers.
15 Jun 1896
Sub-delegation
of Easter Island (subdelegación de la Isla de
Pascua) created as dependent on the maritime
governorate of
Valparaíso.
1897 - 1952
Leased to
Williamson-Balfour Company under a subsidiary the
Compañía Explotadora de la Isla
de Pascua [Easter Island
Exploitation Company]) as a sheep farm, islanders are
confined to
Hanga
Roa.
Jul
1902
The title of Paramount chief ('ariki henua)
abolished by Chile.
9 Feb
1917
Island subject to the management of the Maritime
Territory of
Valparaíso and placed under Naval Authority and naval
law, and
the
lease of Compañía Explotadora is renewed (by Ley
3.220).
16 Feb 1935
Isla de Pascua National
Park (Parque Nacional Isla de Pascua)
created
and from 23 Jul 1935 declared a national historic
monument.
11 Nov 1933 - 1 Mar 1966
Administered by the Chilean Navy.
1 Feb 1966 - 31 Mar 1971 U.S. Air
Force ionospheric research station on Easter
Island.
1 Mar
1966
Department of Easter Island (Departamento de Isla de
Pascua)
(including Isla Sala y Gómez) in the Province
of Valparaíso
(by Pascua Ley 16.441).
11 Jul
1966
Easter Island National Tourism Park (Parque Nacional
de Turismo
Isla de Pascua) established.
8 Jul
1974
Province of Easter Island (Provincia de Isla
de Pascua)
(including Isla Sala y Gómez) of
the Valparaíso
Region (by
Decreto
ley No. 573 de 1974).
21 Jul
1976
Park renamed Rapa Nui National Park (Parque Nacional
Rapa Nui).
22 Mar 1996
Rapa Nui National Park inscribed
by UNESCO as a World Heritage
Site.
30 Jul 2007
Special Territory
of Isla de Pascua - Rapa Nui (Territorio
Especial
de
Isla de Pascua - Rapa Nui)(Ley 20193)
declared (not effected).
Paramount chiefs (title 'ariki henua)
.... -
....
Hotu Matu'a
.... -
....
Tu'u maheke 'a Hotu Matu'a
.... -
....
Miru 'a Tu'u Maheke
.... -
....
Hata 'a Miru
.... -
....
Miru 'a Hata
.... -
....
Mitiake
.... -
....
Ataranga 'a Miru
.... -
....
Atu'u Raranga
.... -
....
Urakikena
.... -
....
Kahui Tuhunga
.... -
....
Te Tuhunga Nui
.... -
....
Te Tuhunga Marakapau
.... -
....
Ahu Arihao
.... -
....
Nui Te Patu
.... -
....
Hirakau Tehito
.... -
....
Tupu itetoki
.... -
....
Kura Ta Hongo
.... -
....
Hiti Rua Anea
.... -
....
Havi Nikoro
.... -
....
Te Ravarava
.... -
....
Te Raha'i
.... -
....
Korohaura
.... -
....
Te Ririkatea
.... -
....
Kai Mako'i
.... -
....
Te Hetukarakura
.... -
....
Huero
1835 -
1859
Nga'ara
(d.
1861)
1859 -
1862
Kai Mako'i
iti
(d. 1862)
1862
Maurata
(d. 1862)
1863 -
1864
Tepito
1864 -
1866
Gregorio Rokoroko
hetau
(b. 18.. - d. 1866)
1866 -
1868
Vacant
1868? - 1876
Koreto Puakurunga
(f)
(b. 1849 - d. 1917)
1868? - 6 Aug
1876 Jean
Baptiste Onésime Dutrou-
(b. 1834 - d. 1876)
Bornier ("Jean I") -Regent
1876 -
1882
Vacant
1882 - Mar 1892
Atamu Te Kena Maurata
(b. 1850 - d. 1892)
- jointly with -
1888? - Mar 1892
Eva Ko Uka 'a Hei 'a 'Arero ? (f) (b.
18.. - d. 1946)
1892 - 1898
Siméon
Riroroko
(b. 1868 - d. 1898)
c.1898 - c.1900
Enrique Ika a Tu'uhati
(b. c.1859 - d. af.1900)
(self declared, not recognized)
Jan 1901 - Jul 1902
Moisès Jacob Tu'u Hereveri
(b. c.1873 - d. 1925)
Roman Catholic Missionary Leaders
3 Jan 1864 - 11 Oct 1864 Eugène
Eyraud (1st
time)
(b. 1820 - d. 1868)
23 Mar 1866 - 19 Aug 1868 Eugène
Eyraud (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
23 Mar 1866 - 6 Jun 1871 Hippolyte
Roussel
(b. 1824 - d. 1898)
6 Nov 1866 - 9 Mar 1871
Gaspar Zumbohm
(b. 1823 - d. 1887)
6 Nov 1866 - 6 Jun 1871 Théodule
Escolan
Managers
Apr 1868 - 6 Aug 1876
Jean Baptiste Onésime
Dutrou- (s.a.)
Bornier
(from 1871, self-styled governor)
Jul 1877 - 1878
Juan Chávez
1878 - 1883
Tati Salmon
(1st
time)
(b. 1855 - d. 1914)
(= Alexander Ari'i Paea Salmon, Jr.)
1883 -
1884
Tommi Länder
1884 -
1888
Tati Salmon (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
9 Sep 1888 - Sep
1892 Pedro Pablo Toro
Hurtado
(b. 1856 - d. 1907) Mil
(agente de colonización)
Sep 1892 - 1895
Charles Higgins (acting)
1895 - 1896
Alberto Sánchez
Manterola (b.
c.1857 - d. 19..)Mil
Agents (agente de colonización)
1896 - 1900
Alberto Sánchez
Manterola
(s.a.)
Mil
Nov 1900 -
1904
Horace (Horacio) Cooper
Jul 1902 -
1947?
Juan Tepano Rano -Cacique
(b. 1867 - d. 1947)
1905 -
1914
Henry Percy Edmunds
(b. 1879 - d. 1957)
Governors (subdelegado marítimo)
1914 - 1917
José
Ignacio Vives Solar
(b. 1878 - d. 1930)
Jun 1917 -
1921
Ezequiel Acuña (1st
time)
Mil
1921 - 1922
Luís
Zepeda (interim)
1922 - 1926
Ezequiel Acuña (2nd time)
Mil
1926 -
1928
Carlos Recabarren
Larrahona
Mil
(1st
time)
1928
Carlos Alfredo del Salvador Millán (b. 1889 - d.
1979) Mil
Iriarte (acting)
1928 - 1931
Carlos Recabarren
Larrahona
Mil
(2nd
time)
1931 - Feb 1931
Julio Rafael Alberto
Cumplido (b. 1899 - d.
1944) Mil
Ducos
1931 - Jun
1932
Edgardo Bagolini
Cuevas
(b. 1880 - d. 1949)
Jun 1932 - Jul
1932 Guillermo
Ernesto Kopaitic O'Neill (b. 1911 - d. 1971?) Mil
Jun 1932 - Jul 1932
Rafael Silva Barboza
PS
(civil governor, did not take office)
6 Jul 1932 -
1933
Eduardo Ávalos Prado
(b. 1885 - d. 1919) Mil
Jul 1932 - c.Oct 1932 Fernando
Ugarte
Torres
Mil
(civil governor)
1933 -
1935
Hernán Cornejo Alemparte (1st time)
Mil
1935 -
1936
Manuel Arturo Olalquiaga
Mil
1937
Hernán Cornejo Alemparte (2nd
time)
Mil
1938 -
1939
Álvaro Gregorio Tejeda Lawrence (b.
1899 - d. 19..) Mil
1940
Víctor Contreras Figueroa
1941 -
1942
Hermann Ried Silva
(b. 1888 - d.
1950) Mil
1943
Jorge Señoret Carvallo
Mil
1944 -
1945
Ricardo Carlos Kompatzki Hornickel (b. 1913 - d.
1973) Mil
Dec 1945 - 1947
Gonzalo Serrano
Pellé
Mil
1948 - 1950
Carlos Pascual Altamirano
Mil
1950 -
1951
Luis Aceituna Rojas
1952
Mario Luis Orellana Lillo
Mil
1953 -
1954
Carlos Salazar Contreras
Mil
1955 -
1956
Arnaldo Curti
Silva
(b. 1913 - d. 2001) Mil
1956 -
1957
Raúl Valenzuela
Pérez
Mil
1958 -
1959
Fernando José Alfredo Dorion Nicolet
Mil
1960 -
1961
Arnt Ernesto Arentsen Pettersen (b. 1907 -
d. 1999) Mil
(1st
time)
1962 -
1963
John Martin
Reynolds
Mil
1964 - 1965
Jorge Portilla Orrego
(b. 1929 - d. 2013) Mil
1965 -
1966
Guillermo Rojas
Aird
Mil
Governors
15 Aug 1966 - 17 Jul 1967 Enrique
Rogers Sotomayor (b.
1915 - d. 1999) PDC
(civil governor)
17 Jul 1967 - 6 Jun 1968 Alfredo Tuki
Pate
(b. c.1943)
6 Jun 1968 - Jan
1970 Fernando Silva Molina
Mil
Jan 1970 - 26 Feb 1971
Hernán Rodolfo Pérez de Tudela
(b. 19.. - d. 2018) Mil
Jiménez
26 Feb 1971 - 30 Apr 1971 Federico
Guillermo Blanco
Baeza
Mil
30 Apr 1971 - 13 May 1971 Caupolicán
Valenzuela
Torres
Mil
13 May 1971 - 3 Mar 1972 Abel
Galleguillos
Araya
(b. 1925? - d. 2012) Mil
3 Mar 1972 - 13 Sep 1973 Moisés
Sudy
Castro
Mil
13 Sep 1973 - 25 Sep 1973 Carlos Francisco José
Bastias
Mil
Alvarado
25 Sep 1973 - 3 Aug 1974 Omar Jorge
Fuenzalida
Tobar (b.
1931)
Mil
3 Aug 1974 - 23 Feb 1975 Giuseppe
Giorgio Arru Domínguez
Mil
23 Feb 1975 - 16 Feb 1979 Arnt
Ernesto Arentsen Pettersen (s.a.)
Mil
(2nd
time)
16 Feb 1979 - 27 Jan 1984 Ariel González
Cornejo
Ind
27 Jan 1984 - 11 Mar 1990 Sergio Alejo
Rapu
Haoa
Ind
11 Mar 1990 - 1 Sep 2000 Jacobo
Urbano Hey Paoa
Ind;2000 PDC
1 Sep 2000 - 11 Mar 2006 Enrique
Manuel Pakarati Ika
PDC
11 Mar 2006 - 16 Mar 2010 Melania
Carolina Hotu Hey (f) (b.
1959) PDC
(1st time)
17 Mar 2010 - 9 Aug 2010 Pedro Pablo
"Petero" Edmunds Paoa (b. 1961)
PDC
9 Aug 2010 - 6 Sep 2010 Jorge Fernando
Miranda Pacheco
(interim)
6 Sep 2010 - 11 Mar 2014 Carmen
Cardinali Paoa (f)
(b. 1944)
Ind
11 Mar 2014 - 8 Sep 2015 Marta
Raquel Hotus Tuki (f) (b.
1969) PDC
9 Sep 2015 - 16 Mar 2018 Melania
Carolina Hotu Hey (f) (s.a.)
PDC
(2nd time)
16 Mar 2018 - 22 Mar 2021 Laura Tarita Alarcón
Rapu (f) (b. 1977)
Ind
22 Mar 2021 - 29 Apr 2021 Felipe Elias Cereijo
Ceballos
RN
(acting)
29 Apr 2021 - 14 Jul 2021 René Alberto de la
Puente Hey
Ind
Provincial Presidential Delegates, Isla
de Pascua
14 Jul 2021 - 11 Mar 2022 René Alberto de la
Puente Hey
Ind
11 Mar 2022
-
Juliette Margot del Carmen Hotus
Ind
Paoa (f)
Party abbreviations: Ind =
Independiente (Independent); PDC = Partido
Demócrata Cristiano de Chile (Christian Democratic Party
of Chile, christian democratic, est.1957); PRSD
= Partido Radical Social-Demócrata (Social Democratic
Radical Party, centrist, est.1994); PS = Partido
Socialista de Chile (Socialist Party of Chile,
socialist, est.1933); RN =
Renovación Nacional (National Renovation,
center-right, est.1987); Mil = Military
Juan Fernández Islands
|
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![[Juan Fernández
Commune (Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile)]](cl-jfe.gif "[Juan Fernández Commune (Juan Fernandez
Islands, Chile)]") |
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|
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22 Nov
1574
Discovered and claimed for Spain by Juan Fernández (b.
c.1530 -
d.
1599).
Aug 1704 - Feb
1709 Scottish
privateer Alexander Selkirk (b. 1676 - d. 1721) marooned
on the island (later he is the inspiration for
the Daniel Defoe
character Robinson Crusoe).
11 May
1750
Spanish settle the islands of Isla Más a Tierra
and Isla Más a
Feura.
27 Feb 1817
Spanish
royalist forces surrender.
Jun 1817 - 1821
Abandoned.
12 Feb
1818
Part of independent Chile (Islas de Juan Fernández);
later
part of the province of Valparaiso.
1877
Permanent settlement begins.
14 Mar 1915
German cruiser
SMS Dresden scuttled at Más
a Tierra after a brief
battle with the British navy.
16 Feb
1935
Juan Fernández Archipelago National Park
(Parque Nacional
Archipiélago
de Juan Fernández).
1 Jan
1966
Chilean government renames Isla Más Afuera as Alejandro
Selkirk
Island
and Isla Más a Tierra as Robinson Crusoe Island, in
order
to
promote tourism.
8 Jul
1974
Part of the the Valparaíso
Region (by Decreto ley No. 573 de 1974).
5 Jun 1980
Commune of Juan Fernández
(Comuna de Juan Fernández)(including
Isla Sala y Gómez) within the
Valparaíso region.
30 Jul 2007
Special Territory of (comuna de
régimen especial) Juan Fernández
Archipelago (declared, not effected).
Chief Islander
Aug 1704 - Feb
1709 Alexander
Selkirk
(b. 1676 - d. 1721)
Governors
11 May 1750 - 25 May 1751 Juan
Navarro Santaella
(b. 1690 - d. 1751)
1751 - 1752
Francisco Gutierrez de Espejo
y
Morillo
1752 - 1758
Manuel Fernández de
Castelblanco (b. 1728 - d. 1791)
y Loyola
1758 - 1764
Antonio Narciso de Santa María
(b. c.1716 - d. 1777)
Escobedo
y Florent
1764 -
1768
Francisco Rivera y Vera
1768 -
1771
José Gómez de la Torre
1773 -
1780
Pedro Junco
1780 -
1782
Luis Corail
1782 -
1786
Claudio Cáceres
1786 -
1788
Blas Gonzalez
1788 -
1794
Juan Calvo de la Cantera
1795 -
1799
Fernando Amador de Amaya
1801 -
1804
Francisco de Quezada y Silva
Barrionuevo y Quiñones
1804 -
1808
Tomás O'Higgins
(b. 1773 - d. 1827)
1808 -
1809
Enrique Larena (Larenas)
1810 - 1814
Manuel Santa María Baeza
(b. 1754 - d. 1824)
Oct 1814 - Jan 1815 Anselmo
Carabantes y Sáenz
Jan 1815 - Oct 1816 José de
Piquero
Oct 1816 - 27 Feb 1817 Ángel del Cid
Mar 1817 - Jun
1817 Juan de
Dios Puga y Córdova (b.
1761 - d. 1822)
Figueroa
Araucanía
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![[Kingdom of
Araucania (Chile) 1860-1871]](xu_rap2.gif "[Kingdom
of Araucania (Chile) 1860-1871]")
6 Jan 1641
Boundary between Araucanía
(region south of the Bío-Bío River
inhabited by the Mapuche natives) and the Spanish
Monarchy
established by the Treaty of Quilin.
21 Dec 1774
Araucanía is recognized by the Treaty of
Tapihue to be outside
the
Spanish Monarchy.
7 Jan 1784
By the Treaty of
Lonquilmo the sovereignty of the king of Spain
is
recognized.
3 Feb 1814
Mapuche agree to remain loyal to
the Spanish in the Treaty of
Quilin.
7 Jan 1825
Treaty of Tapihue, the first
treaty with Chile, re-affirms the
boundary
of Araucanía.
17 Nov
1860
Kingdom of Araucanía proclaimed by
French adventurer, supposedly
at the
Mapuche parliament.
20 Dec
1860
Royal style changed to King of Araucania and Patagonia¹.
5 Jan
1862
King arrested and subsequently deported by Chile to
France.
Mar 1869 - Jun
1871 Attempted
restoration of the kingdom by the returned king.
1 Jan 1883
"Pacification" of Araucanía
considered completed by Chile
(following surrender of Villarica by Mapuche on 31 Dec
1882).
1 Nov
1903
Kingdom effectively ended².
Supreme commanders (title: Toqui)
(only a wartime position)
1722 – 1726
Vilumilla [not the first]
1765 – 1774
Curiñancu
1859 - 1860
Juan Mañil Huenu
(b. c.1790 – d. 1862)
1862 – 1872
José Santos Quilapán
(b. c.1830 – d. 1878)
(supposedly acted as deputy of exiled king
1862–1868)
Kings
17 Nov 1860 - 17 Sep 1878 Orélie-Antoine
I
(b. 1825 - d. 1878)
(= Antoine-Orélie de Tounens)
(arrested by Chile 5 Jan 1862; in
exile in
France Oct 1862 - Mar 1869 and from Jun
1871)
17 Sep 1878 - 16 Mar 1902 Achille I (in
France exile)
(b. 1841 - d. 1902)
21 Mar 1902 - 1 Nov 1903 Antoine II
(in France exile)
(b. 1833 - d. 1903)
¹The inclusion of Patagonia was purely fictitious, and the claim to what arguably was already Argentinian territory was never pursued; it was supposedly based on theoretical considerations of ethnic affinity and claims of support never documented.
²On 6 Nov 1903, the Council of Regency
met and chose Georges Sénéchal de la Grange to be the
new "king," but he declined. From that date on,
everything that has been written about the succession is
essentially a fabrication by Philippe Paul Alexandre
Henri Boiry (b. 1927 - d. 2014), who claimed to be
Philippe I, he died without an heir on 5 Jan 2014. His
account runs as follows: the sole heir, and hence
successor, of Antoine II was his daughter, Laure Thérèse
Cros, veuve Bernard (b. 1856 - d. 1916), who "was" Queen
Laure-Thérèse I from 6 Nov 1903 to her death 12 Mar
1916. There is no documentation of her acting as queen.
Upon his mother's death, Jacques Alexandre Antoine
Bernard (b. 1880 - d. 1952) became King Jacques-Antoine
III. On 12 May 1951, Philippe I claimed, Jacques-Antoine
III freely ceded the kingship to him, Philippe I, in the
same terms as Orllie-Antoine I's nephew had ceded his
claim to the future Achille I before his uncle's death.
The documentation of this cession is a card that does
not name to whom it is addressed. On 9 Jan 2014,
the Regency Council of the Kingdom elected Jean-Michel
Parasiliti di Para (b. 1942 - d. 2017), as the successor
to Philippe I, he took the name
Antoine IV, but died on 16 Dec 2017. On 24 Mar 2018, the
Regency Council of the Kingdom elected, as
the successor to Antoine
IV, essayist Frédéric Nicolas
Jacques Rodriguez-Luz (b. 1964) as Frédéric
I. On 12 Apr 2023, the Council of Regency
dismissed King Frédéric I and designated historian
Philippe Delorme (b. 1960) as King Philippe II, King
Frédéric I rejected this decision and on 23 Apr 2023
Delorme renounced the throne.
© Ben Cahoon