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Traditional States in the
Central African Republic
Note: The sultans ruled large
conquered populations in the north and east of the
present-day Central African Republic (CAR). They
included the famous slave-trader al-Sanusi, eventually
killed in battle with the French in 1911, and the
sultans Labassou, Zemio, and Hetman, heads of conquering
dynasties. The Banda in the central part of the CAR
generally had no grands chefs
and have been called "anarchistic" because of their
various subgroupings and divisions. The Mandjia and Baya
in the west and the riverine peoples along the Oubangui
and Mbomou in the south had no grands chefs
either. They had leaders of different kinds, however,
for the settlement of disputes or to lead men in battle
against an enemy, or as heads of kinship
groupings.
Dar
al-Kuti
c.1830
Djougoultoum (or Omar), an exiled Baguirmian
prince,
founds Dar al-Kuti south of the Aouk river.
c.1830 - 1890
Tributary of Dar Runga (itself under
Wadai).
1890
Sultanate of Dar al-Kuti and Dar Rounga is
established
by conqueror Rabah.
28 Aug
1897
French protectorate over Dar al-Kuti.
17 Dec
1912
Sultanate suppressed by the French.
Sultans
c.1830 - c.1870
Djougoultoum (or Omar
Jugultum)
c.1870 – 1890
Muhammad Kobur
(b. c.1832 - d. 1892)
1890 - 12 Jan
1911
Muhammad
al-Sanusi
(b. c.1850 - d. 1911)
Jan 1911 - 17 Dec 1912
Abduallah Kamun (Kamoun)
Bangassou
c.1700
Bandia warriors establish
a kingdom in the Ubangi River region.
c.1780
Ndounga founds the Bandia kingdom of Nzakara.
c.1876
Sultanate of Bangassou.
14 Jun 1890 - 14 Aug 1894 Congo Free State
protectorate over the Sultanate of Bangassou.
14 Aug
1894
French suzerainty over the Sultanate of Bangassou,
under
the 12 Jul 1894
France-Congo Free State agreement.
23 Feb
1909
French protectorate over the Sultanate of Bangassou.
1917
Sultanate suppressed by the French.
Chiefs
.... - ....
Ngoungou
17.. - 17..
Ngbanda
17.. - 17..
Koube
17.. -
17..
Ngoubéngué
c.1780 -
c.1800
Ndounga
c.1800 -
c.1830
Mbilinga
c.1830 -
c.1860
Gbandi (or Boendi)
(d. c.1860)
c.1860 - c.1878
Mbali (Mbardi-Gandi)
(d.
c.1878)
Sultans
c.1878 - 8 Jun
1907
Bangassou
(b. c.1850 - d. 1907)
8 Jun 1907 - 18 Feb 1917
Labassou
(d. 1917)
(acting to 23 Feb 1909)
Jun 1907 - 23 Feb 1909
Bangassou-Kété (in opposition)
Feb 1917 - 1918
Banzanga
(d. 1920)
1918 -
1932
Kélenga
(d. 1932)
1932 -
1936
Antoine
Gounga
(d. 1942)
1936 -
1966
Amiel
Sayo
(b. 1885 - d. 1966)
Rafai
c.1800
Kassanga founds a Bandia kingdom in the Chinko
(Shinko) River
valley.
c.1875
Sultanate of Rafai
1886
Rafai occupied the chiefdom of Djabir.
8 Apr 1892 - 31 Mar 1909 Congo Free State
protectorate over the Sultanate of Rafai.
9 Feb 1895
French forces occupy Rafai city and Rafai North of
the Mbomou River,
according to the 12 Jul
1894 France-Congo Free State agreement.
31 Mar
1909
French protectorate over the Sultanate of Rafai.
29 Oct
1939
Sultanate suppressed by the French.
Rulers
c.1800 -
18..
Kassanga
18.. -
18..
Tossi (Tosi)
18.. -
18..
Sangou
c.1830 - c.1875
Bayangi (Baingui)
Sultans
c.1875 - 15 Jun
1900
Rafai
(b. c.1855 - d. 1900)
15 Jun 1900 - 29 Oct 1939
Hetman
(b. 1876 - d. 1939)
1939 -
1966
Auguste
Fatrane
(b. c.1907 - d. 1978)
Zemio
c.1830
Nounga founds a Voungara kingdom between the
Chinko (Shinko)
and the Uele (Ouelle)
rivers.
c.1872
Sultanate of Zemio.
11 Dec 1894 - 12 Apr 1909 Congo Free
State protectorate over the Sultanate of Zemio.
10 Jul
1895
French forces occupy Zemio city and Zemio North of
Mbomou River,
according to the 12 Jul
1894 France-Congo Free State agreement.
12 Apr
1909
French protectorate over the Sultanate of Zemio.
1923
Sultanate suppressed by the French.
Rulers
c.1830 -
c.1835
Nounga
18.. -
c.1855
Zangabirou
(d. c.1858)
c.1855 -
c.1872
Tikima
(d. c.1872)
Sultans
c.1872 - 12 Oct
1912 Zemio (= Zémio-Ikpiro)
(b. c.1840 - d. 1912)
12 Oct 1912 - Oct
1920 Zemio-Mbomou (=
Zémio-M'Bomou) (d. 1921)
Oct 1920 -
1923
Momi (= Inguipa)
© Ben Cahoon
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