Note: This page is about a small number of entities that are mostly historical anomalies and aspirant states founded on historical anomalies or eccentric interpretations of law. This page is about entities that are not recognized by world governments or major international organizations. For information on countries that are generally recognized, but are geographically tiny such as Nauru, Vatican City, or San Marino, see microstates. Micronations – sometimes also referred to as cybernations, fantasy countries, model countries, and new country projects – are entities that resemble independent nations or states, but for the most part exist only on paper, on the Internet, or in the minds of their creators. Some micronations have managed to extend some of their operations into the real world: examples of this may include currency, flags, postage, etc. These trappings of the more widely accepted nations and states of the "real world" may serve to enhance the suspension of disbelief for people both inside and outside of the micronations in question.
  The term "micronation" is a neologism originating in the 1990's to describe the many thousands of small, unrecognized state-like entities that have arisen mostly since that time. The term has since also come to be used retroactively to refer to earlier unrecognized entities, some of which date as far back as the 19th century. In recent years the term "micropatrology" has been used by some to describe the study of micronations; it is not a formal academic discipline.
  Micronations should be distinguished from various entities which exercise effective governmental and military control over a territory, despite not being recognized as a state by most or all other states. Examples of such entities would include South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Transnistria, or many parts of the world controlled by rebel guerrilla groups. By contrast, micronations do not exercise effective military or governmental control of any more than a very small area (e.g. the private property of its founders), if that. These criteria distinguish micronations from imaginary countries, eco-villages, campuses, tribes, clans, sects, and residential community associations, which do not usually seek to be recognized as sovereign. Micronations should also be distinguished from entities that have diplomatic relations with other recognized nation-states of the world without being formally recognized themselves by many nation-states or major international bodies (such as the UN). Examples of this include Taiwan, Tibet, and Palestine. By contrast, micronations do not generally have diplomatic relations with recognized nation-states of the world or major international bodies (such as the UN).

Disclaimer: This page does not formally recognize, support or endorse these polities or any money making schemes they operate. 

Administrator
21 Apr 1970 - 1970          Leonard                            (b. 1925 - d. 2019)
                              (= Leonard George Casley)
Princes¹ 
1970 - 11 Feb 2017          Leonard I                          (s.a.)
11 Feb 2017 -  3 Aug 2020   Graeme I (= Graeme Ernest Casley)  (b. 1957)

Prime ministers (Ministers of State)
.... - 11 Feb 2017          Prince Graeme                      (s.a.)
2017? - 14 Jun 2020         Prince Ian (= Ian George Casley)   (b. 1947 - d. 2020)

 ¹style of the rulers: "His Royal Highness, The Prince of Hutt."

Territorial Dispute: 'independence' was never recognized by Australia or any other nation.

note: The Australian government unequivocally stated that it did not recognize the secession of the principality. Leonard Casley (s.a.) settled as a farmer in Western Australia in 1969. Outraged by the low wheat allotment sent him by the Australian government that year, Casley seceded and formed the independent Hutt River Province. Hutt River Principality was situated 595 km north of Perth, Western Australia and is about 75 square km in size, consisting of some 18,500 acres of land. Hutt River declared it was an independent sovereign state having seceded from Australia on 21 Apr 1970 and is of comparable size to Hong Kong (not including the New Territories). The principality had no legal status as a matter of Australian law. In 2007, the High Court of Australia dismissed an application by Casley for leave to appeal against a judgment against him relating to his son Leonard's failure to file tax returns. Leonard argued that he resided in the "Hutt River Province" and that it is not part of Australia and not subject to Australian taxation law. The court dismissed Casley's application and found that his arguments were "fatuous, frivolous, and vexatious."

Map of Saugeais Hear National Anthem  "Hymne National Saugeais" (Saugeais National Anthem) Text of National Anthem Adopted 1947 Constitution (2001) Capital: Montbenoît Currency: (from 1997) Saugeais Sol; Euro (EUR); to 1 Jan 2002 French Franc (FRF) National Holiday: 1st Sunday in Oct. (Montbenoît Festival) Population: 5,029 (2017) GDP: $N/A Exports: $N/A Imports: $N/A Ethnic groups: French, Swiss, German Total Armed Forces: 13 (2005) Religions: Roman Catholic, others International Organizations/Treaties: None Saugeais Chronology c.1050                      A hermit named Benoît lives with a small community.                               These religionists live under the rule of St.                               Colomban. They clear the region and construct the                               abbey, around which later will group eleven                               communes (which today are in the French                               département of Doubs). Subsequently, the sire of                               Joux will give this territory to regular canons                               of Saint-Augustin who came from Saint-Maurice-en-                               Valais, living under the rule of Saint Augustine,                               and dependent on Saint-Maurice d'Agaune. 1102                        L'abbaye de Notre-Dame de Montbenoît founded. 1150                        Landry de Joux, gave this territory to Archbishop                               Humber of Besançon 1199                        The boundaries of the territory are set in the                               charter of Henri I de Joux. 1458                        The Coutumier du Val du Saugeais ("Customary of the                               Valley of Saugeais") lists the laws and rules in                               force in the territory. 30 Mar 1773                 The monastery is dis-established and the abbey                               church became a parish church. The last prieur                               was Louis-Joseph de Montmorency-Laval (b. 1724 -                               d. 1808). 1947                        Republic of Saugeais (République du Saugeais)                                proclaimed, partly in response to a joke by                                the Prefect of the Doubs Louis Ottavianni (not                               recognized by France). Saugeais website

Presidents
1947 -  3 Nov 1968         Georges Stéphane Marie Pourchet    (b. 1901 - d. 1968)
 3 Nov 1968 - 1972         Vacant
1972 - 31 Aug 2005         Louise Gabrielle Pourchet (f)      (b. 1906 - d. 2005)
                             (de facto 1968-1972)
 1 Sep 2005 - 28 Jan 2006  Jean-Marie Nicod (interim)         (b. 1951 - d. 2017)
28 Jan 2006 - 18 Mar 2022  Georgette Bertin-Pourchet (f)      (b. 1934)
18 Mar 2022 -              Simon Marguet                      (b. 1950?)

Prime ministers
1990 - 13 Feb 2017         Jean-Marie Nicod                   (s.a.)
Jan 2019 - 18 Mar 2022     Simon Marguet                      (s.a.)

Territorial Dispute: 'independence' not recognized by France or any other nation.

note: The Republic of Saugeais is located in the upper valley of the river Doubs, an area known as Val Sauget since the 12th century. The republic is made of the 11 municipalities of Les Alliés, Arçon, Bugny, La Chaux-de-Gilley, Gilley, Hauterive-la-Fresne, La Longeville, Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont, Montbenoît, Montflovin, and Ville-du-Pont.
  In the middle of the 12th century, Landry, Lord of Joux, decided to found and fund an abbey in the deserted upper valley of Doubs. He gave land to Humber, Archbishop of Besançon, who invited monks from Saint-Maurice-d'Agaune (Valais/Wallis, Switzerland) to settle there. The monks came with colons from the Grishuns and Savoy, who brought their local languages
which were still widely used in the valley in the beginning of the 20th century. The colons met the local hermit Benoît, and the abbey was named after him. A monk called Norduin built the abbey, which was placed under St. Colomban's rule. The abbey remained under the control of the Lords of Joux. In 1508, the system of commende was established, by which the abbots
received a rent but did not live in the abbey. The most famous of these commendataire abbots was Ferry Carondelet, a former councilor of Emperor Charles V. The abbey was eventually closed in 1773.
  In 1947, the Prefect of the department of Doubs, Mr. Ottavianni, came to Montbenoît to attend the recruiting board. He took his lunch in the Hôtel de l'Abbaye in Montbenoît, owned by Georges Pourchet (s.a.). As a joke, Pourchet asked the Prefet: "Do you have a transire allowing you to enter the Republic of Saugeais?" The Prefect asked for more details on the Republic and
eventually answered: "A Republic must have a President. You are appointed President of the Free Republic of Saugeais." Georges Pourchet died in 1968. His wife Gabrielle retired in 1970 but remained active in Montbenoît, helping the parish priest to preserve the abbey. In 1972, a festival was organized in order to raise funds for the abbey preservation. During the lunch, Gabrielle Pourchet (s.a.) was elected by acclamation President of the Free Republic of Saugeais for the rest of her life.

Princes
 2 Sep 1967 -  9 Oct 2012  Roy I (= Patrick Roy Bates)        (b. 1921 - d. 2012)
 6 Nov 1999 -  9 Oct 2012  Prince Michael of Sealand -Regent  (b. 1952)
                             (= Michael Bates)
 9 Oct 2012 -              Michael                            (s.a.)

No Political Parties Exist

Territorial Disputes: U.K. claims Sealand territorial waters and jurisdiction since 1987 (date of extension of U.K. territorial limits); 'independence' not recognized by U.K. or any other nation.

note: Sealand is an abandoned World War II anti-aircraft platform (Fort Roughs) in the Thames Estuary. It just outside the UK's 3-mile territorial water limit. In the mid 1960's it was occupied by a British businessman, Roy Bates (s.a.), and his family. He proclaimed himself Prince Roy and the platform to be the Principality of Sealand. They have had a checkered history: at one point some associates of Prince Roy made an armed occupation of the platform and he had to make an armed counter-coup. The invaders were overwhelmed, tried and sentenced to death for treason. However, the Sealanders decided it would be prudent to commute the sentences to exile and the invaders were released. 
  Recently the British Home Office issued a statement saying that in the British government's view Sealand remains British territory and that if there are grounds to suspect that its occupants have broken British law action will be taken. 
  The nation of Sealand is composed of a steel and concrete platform anchored to the bottom of the sea off the coast of England, not in the Channel but in the North Sea. Once known as Roughs Tower, it was built by the British military in what were then international waters anywhere beyond 3 nautical miles from the coast as a defense against Germany during World War II. The fortress is located about 7 nautical miles from shore at 51° 53' 40" north latitude, 01° 28' 7" east longitude. 
  The troops abandoned the fort after the war, leaving it legally deserted and abandoned, and easing the way for Englishman Roy Bates and his family to settle there on September 2, 1967. Proclaiming the island his own state, Bates gave the titles of prince and princess to himself and his wife and called his new home the Principality of Sealand. 
  Prince Roy's sovereignty was contested by the British government in 1968. When Royal Marines were cruising off his "coast," the prince even fired warning shots from the fort's old guns. Soon after, a British court declared it had no jurisdiction outside British territorial waters, thus leaving Sealand its autonomy. Since 1987 English territorial waters have extended from 3 to 12 nautical miles. The principality now has 160,000 citizens, mostly business people who claim secondary citizenship in Sealand but live in their countries of origin. 

Princes
14 May 1963 - 25 Nov 2009  Giorgio I (= Giorgio Carbone)      (b. 1936 - d. 2009)
25 Nov 2009 - 22 May 2010  Alberto Romano -Regent
22 May 2010 - 10 Nov 2019  Marcello I (= Marcello Menegatto)  (b. 1978)
22 Feb 2016 - 12 Apr 2019  Nicolas I (= Nicolas Mutte)        (b. 1970)
                             (in opposition to Mar 2020)
Princess
10 Nov 2019 -              Nina (= Nina Döbler Menegatto)     (b. 1978)

Territorial Dispute: 'independence' not recognized by Italy or any other nation.

note: On 21 May 1995, the news program ARD Weltspiegel (German television) reported from the 'independent Principato di Seborga' at the foot of the Ligurian Alps in Italy (near the border with France). At the end of Apr 1995, the majority of the inhabitants (304 against 4) of this tiny village voted in favor of independence.
  Giorgio Carbone (s.a.), the so-called "prince" of Seborga, claimed the independence of that village, but it had been annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia (ruled by the House of Savoy) on 20 Jan 1729. Before that date the village wasn't a Principality, but a feudal possession of the of the Cistercian Order. The inhabitants might have voted for the independence in an illegal referendum made by Carbone, but they still vote in the legal elections of the Republic of Italy, as demonstrated by at (www.parlamento.it) And the mayor, Franco Fogliarini, democratically elected by the citizens of the municipality of Seborga on 13 May 2001, is openly against the independence of Carbone's "Principality", as demonstrated by his interview in article at (www.lapadania.com). After Carbone's death 31 year old building contractor, Marcello Menegatto (s.a.) is elected prince for the next 7 years as Marcello I.