Swaziland
 

c.1890 - 1894                        1894 - 6 Jul 1902?                          6 Jul 1902 - 30 Oct 1967            1907 - 1931  Flag of the High Commissioner       1931 - 30 Oc 1967 Flag of the High Commissioner                   Adopted 30 Oct 1967   Map of Swaziland Hear National Anthem "Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso  temaSwati" (Oh God, Bestower  of the Blessings of the Swazi) Text of National Anthem Anthem Adopted 1968 Constitution (8 Feb 2006) Capital: Mbabane (Bremersdorp 1890-1902; Enkanini 1818-1890) Royal and Legislative Capital:  Lobamba Currencies: Lilangeni (SZL); South African Rand (ZAR) National Holiday: 6 Sep (1968)  Somhlolo (Independence) Day Population: 1,370,424 (2011) GDP: $6.06 billion (2010) Exports: $1.76 billion (2010) Imports: $2.05 billion (2010) Ethnic groups: Swazi 82.3%, Zulu 9.6%, Tsonga 2.3%, Afrikaner 1.4%, mixed (white-black) 1%, other 3.4% (2000) Total Active Armed Forces: 3,000 (2006) Merchant marine: None (2010) Religions: Christian 87% (of which African Zionist 43%, Protestant 18%, Roman Catholic 5%), traditional beliefs 11%, Muslim 1%, non-religious 1% (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfDB, APM, AU, BTWC, C, CMA, COMESA, CTBT (signatory), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IRENA, ISA (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Swaziland Chronology 27 Feb 1884                 Swazi independence confirmed by Transvaal and U.K. 21 Feb 1895                 Swaziland a protectorate of Transvaal (Swazieland)  7 Aug 1903                 British protectorate (Swaziland)(de facto colony). 15 Apr 1926                 Status referred to as a protectorate "which                               approximated in constitutional status a                               Crown Colony." 25 Apr 1967                 Autonomy granted (Protected State of Swaziland).  6 Sep 1968                 Independence (Kingdom of Swaziland).

Paramount chiefs (style Ngwenyama)
.... - ....                Mavuso I
.... - ....                Magudulela
.... - ....                Ludvonga I
.... - ....                Dlamini III
c.1745 - 1780              Ngwane III
1780                       Queen Ndwandwe (f) -Regent
1780 - 1815                Ndvungunye (Zikodze)               (b. c.1760 - d. 1815)
1815                       Queen Mndzebele (f) -Regent
1815 - 1836                Ngwane IV (Sobhuza I)(Somhlolo)    (b. 1795 - d. 1836)
1836 - 1840                Queen Lojiba Simelane -Regent
1840 - Jul 1865            Mswati II (Mavuso II)              (b. 1821 - d. 1865)
Jul 1868 - Jun 1875        Queen Thandile Ndwandwe (f)-Regent (b. c.1806 - d. c.1875)
1868 - 1872                Ludvonga II (Macaleni)             (b. 1851 - d. 1872)
Jun 1875 -  7 Oct 1889     Dlamini IV (Mbandzeni)             (b. 1855 - d. 1889)
 7 Oct 1889 - Feb 1895     Queen Tibati Nkambule (f) -Regent
19 Feb 1895 - 10 Dec 1899  Ngawane V (Bhunu)                  (b. 1876 - d. 1899)
10 Dec 1899 - 22 Dec 1921  Queen Labotsibeni                  (b. c.1858 - d. 1925)
                             Mdluli (f) -Regent 
                            (referred to as acting Paramount chief)
22 Dec 1921 - 25 Apr 1967  Sobhuza II (Nkhotfotjeni)          (b. 1899 - d. 1982)
Kings¹
25 Apr 1967 - 21 Aug 1982  Sobhuza II                         (s.a.)
21 Aug 1982 -  9 Aug 1983  Queen Dzeliwe Shongwe (f) -Regent  (b. c.1927 - d. 2003)
 9 Aug 1983 - 18 Aug 1983  Prince Sozisa Dlamini              (b. c.1912 - d. 1992)
                             ("Authorized Person")
18 Aug 1983 - 25 Apr 1986  Queen Ntombi Tfwala (f) -Regent    (b. c.1950)
25 Apr 1986 -              Mswati III                         (b. 1968)

Chairmen of the Government Committee
Dec 1889 - Sep 1894        Theophilus "Offy" Shepstone, Jr.   (b. 1843 - d. 1907)
Sep 1894 - 21 Feb 1895     George Herbert Hulett
Prime ministers
16 May 1967 - 31 Mar 1976  Prince Makhosini Dlamini           (b. 1914 - d. 1978)INM;1973 None
31 Mar 1976 - 25 Oct 1979  Maphevu Dlamini                    (b. 1922 - d. 1979)  Non-party
25 Oct 1979 - 23 Nov 1979  Ben Nsibandze (acting)             (b. 1931)            Non-party
23 Nov 1979 - 25 Mar 1983  Prince Mabandla N.F. Dlamini       (b. 1930)            Non-party
25 Mar 1983 -  6 Oct 1986  Prince Bhekimpi Dlamini            (b. 1924 - d. 1999)  Non-party
 6 Oct 1986 - 12 Jul 1989  Sotsha Dlamini                     (b. 1940)            Non-party
12 Jul 1989 - 25 Oct 1993  Obed Dlamini                       (b. 1937)            Non-party
                             (acting to 18 Jul 1989)
25 Oct 1993 -  4 Nov 1993  Andreas Fakudze (acting)                                Non-party
 4 Nov 1993 -  8 May 1996  Prince Jameson Mbilini Dlamini     (b. 1921? - d. 2008) Non-party
 8 May 1996 - 26 Jul 1996  Sishayi Nxumalo (acting)           (b. 1936 - d. 2000)  Non-party
26 Jul 1996 - 29 Sep 2003  Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini          (b. 1942)            Non-party
                             (1st time)
29 Sep 2003 - 26 Nov 2003  Paul Shabangu (acting)             (b. 1943? - d. 2003) Non-party
26 Nov 2003 - 18 Sep 2008  Themba Dlamini                     (b. 1950)            Non-party
18 Sep 2008 - 23 Oct 2008  Bheki Dlamini (acting)                                  Non-party
23 Oct 2008 -              Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini          (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (2nd time)

Resident Adviser and Agent
21 Oct 1889 -  8 Sep 1894  Theophilus "Offy" Shepstone, Jr.   (s.a.)
Transvaal Special Commissioner
21 Feb 1895 - 1902         Johannes Christoffel Krogh         (b. 1846 - d. 1921)
British Resident Commissioners
(subordinated to the High Commissioner for Southern Africa to 3 Oct 1963)
1902 - 1907                Francis Enraght-Moony              (b. 1865 - d. 1943)
1907 - 1916                Robert Thorne Coryndon             (b. 1870 - d. 1925)
Jan 1917 - Oct 1928        Sir De Symons Montagu George Honey (b. 1872 - d. 1945)
Oct 1928 -  1 Apr 1935     Thomas Ainsworth-Dickson           (b. 1881 - d. 1935)
Apr 1935 - Sep 1935        J.R. Armstrong (acting)            (b. 1881 - d. 19..)
Oct 1935 - Nov 1937        Allan Graham Marwick               (b. 1877 - d. 1966)
Nov 1937 - 30 Sep 1942     Charles Lamb Bruton                (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
30 Sep 1942 - 25 Aug 1946  Eric Kellett Featherstone          (b. 1896 - d. 1965)
25 Aug 1946 - 1951         Edward Betham Beetham              (b. 1905 - d. 1979)
1951 - 1956                David Loftus Morgan                (b. 1904 - d. 1976)
1956 -  3 Oct 1963         Brian Allan Marwick                (b. 1908 - d. 1992)
                             (from 8 Jun 1963, Sir Brian Allan Marwick)
Commissioners
 3 Oct 1963 - 1964         Sir Brian Allan Marwick            (s.a.)
1964 - 1968                Francis Alfred Lloyd               (b. 1916 - d. 2006) 
                             (from 1965, Sir Francis Alfred Lloyd)            

 ¹Full style of the ruler: "King and iNgwenyama (of Swaziland)"; iNgwenyama means "The Ngwenyama."

Territorial Disputes: In 2006, Swazi king advocates resort to ICJ to claim parts of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal from South Africa.

Party abbreviations - the status of political parties, previously banned in 1973, is unclear under the new (2006) Constitution and currently being debated.
- Former parties: INM = Imbokodvo National Movement (royalist, Swazi nationalist)