Norway

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Norway

[Flag of Denmark]
         12 Sep 1380 - 16 Feb 1814

[Flag of Norway, 1814]
           27 Feb 1814 - 13 Jul 1821

[Norwegian Union Merchant Flag of 1844]
   20 Jun 1844 - 7 Jun 1905 (union flag)

[Flag of Norway]
            13 Jul 1821 - 20 Jun 1844;
        Adopted 7 Jun 1905

Map of Norway Hear National Anthem
"Ja, vi elsker dette landet"
(Yes, We Love This Country)
Adopted 17 May 1864 Hear Royal Anthem
"Kongesangen"
(Royal Song)
Adopted 1905
--------------------------------
Former National Anthem
"Sønner af Norges"
(Sons of Norway)
(1820-1864) Constitution
(17 May 1814)

Capital: Oslo
(Christinia 1624-1 Jan 1925;
Oslo 1299-1624;
Bergen 1070-1299;
Trondheim 997-1070) Currency: Norwegian Krone
(NOK) National Holiday: 17 May (1814)
Constitution Day Population: 4,707,270 (2012)

GDP: $264.5 billion (2011) Exports: $159.8 billion (2011)
Imports: $92.6 billion (2011) Ethnic groups: Norwegian 94.4% (includes Sami, about 60,000),
other European 3.6%, other 2% (2007)

Total Active Armed Forces: 25,800 (2006)
Merchant marine: 632 ships (2010) Religions: Church of Norway 85.7%, Pentecostal 1%,
Roman Catholic 1%, other Christian 2.4%, Muslim 1.8%,
other 8.1% (2004)

International Organizations/Treaties: AC, ADB (nonregional), AfDB (nonregional), AG, ANT, APM, BIS, BTWC, CBSS, CE, CERN, CFE, CTBT, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, ENMOD, ESA, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partner), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, MTCR, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OPEC (observer), OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Norway Index Chronology
872                        Kingdom of Norway unified.c.970 - 995                Under Danish rule. 9 Sep 1000 - 1015     Parts of Norway annexed by Denmark (Viken area)    and Sweden (Oppland area).Nov 1028 - 1035            Under Danish rule. 8 Aug 1319 - 15 Aug 1343 In personal union with Sweden.12 Sep 1380 - 24 Jan 1814 In personal union with Denmark.11 Jul 1396 - 6 Jun 1523 Union of Kalmar: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in                              personal union (United Kingdoms of Denmark,                              Norway and Sweden).30 Oct 1536                Danish province.13 Aug 1645                Jämtland and Härjedalen are ceded to Sweden.26 Feb 1658                Bohuslän and Trondheim are ceded to Sweden by                             the Treaty of Treaty of Roskilde.27 May 1660                Trondheim restored to Norway.24 Jan 1814                End of union with Denmark. 4 Nov 1814 - 7 Jun 1905 Personal union with Sweden. 7 Jun 1905                End of personal union with Sweden (accepted                             by Sweden 26 Oct 1905).
9 Apr 1940 - 8 May 1945 German occupation (completed 7 Jun 1940; kingship
                             abolished by the Storting 25 Sep 1940, the name
                             of the state then being simply Norway²).
9 May 1945                Kingdom of Norway (restored).
25 Oct 1944 - 25 Feb 1945 Soviet occupation of Finnmark province.

Counties

Pre-Unification
Polities

Norwegian
Antarctic Territory

German
Occupation
(1940-1945)

Jan Mayen

Svalbard

Soviet Occupied
Finnmark
(1944-1945)

Historical
Maps of Norway

Kings¹ (12 Sep 1380 - 16 Feb 1814 also kings of Denmark;and 4 Nov 1814 - 7 Jun 1905 also kings of Sweden)872 - c.933 Harald I "Hårfagre" (Fairhair) (b. c.850 - d. 933)c.930 - c.935 EirikI "Blodøks" (Bloodaxe) (b. c.895 - d. 954) (co-ruler to c.933)c.935 - c.961 Haakon I Haraldsson "den gode" (b. c.919 - d. c.961) (the Good) c.961 - c.970 Harald II Eiriksson "Graafell" (b. c.930 - d. c.970) (Grey Cloak) - jointly with following three -c.961 - c.970 Ragnfrød Eiriksson "Gunhildsson" (b. 93. - d. c.982) c.961 - c.969 Erling Eiriksson (b. 93. - d. c.969)c.961 - c.970 Gudrød Eiriksson (b. 93. - d. c.999)c.961 - c.964 Sigurd Eiriksson "Slefa" (b. 93. - d. c.964) (the Enslaver) c.970 - 995 Haakon Sigurdsson -Governor (b. c.937 - d. 995) "Rikr" (the Mighty)995 - 9 Sep 1000 Olav I Trygvesson (b. c.968 - d. 1000) 9 Sep 1000 - 1015 Eirik Haakonsson -Governor (b. c.964 - d. 1024) 1015 - Nov 1028 Olav II Haraldsson "digri" (b. c.995 - d. 1030) (the Fat) Nov 1028 - Oct 1029 Haakon Eiriksson -Governor (b. c.997 - d. 1029) Oct 1029 - Sep 1030 Sigurd, bishop of Trondheim (d. c.1050) (acting) Sep 1030 - 12 Nov 1035 Knut "den mektige" (the Great) (b. 995 - d. 1035) (Canute II, king of Denmark)Sep 1030 - 1035 Svein Knutsson -Co-ruler (b. c.1016 - d. 1036)Sep 1030 - 1035 Aelfgifu (f) -Regent (b. c.990 - d. af.1040)1033 - 1033 Tryggvi Olavsson(in rebellion) (b. 101. - d. 1033)1035 - 25 Oct 1047 Magnus I Olavsson "den gode" (b. 1024 - d. 1047) (the Good) 1035 - May? 1039 Einar Eindridesson -Regent (b. c.982 - d. 1050) "Tambarskjelve" (Bow frightener) - jointly with -1046 - 25 Sep 1066 Harald III Sigurdsson "Hardråde" (b. 1015 - d. 1066) (the Hard to Counsel) 25 Sep 1066 - 28 Apr 1069 Magnus II Haraldsson (b. c.1049 - d. 1069) - jointly with -Jul? 1067 - 22 Sep 1093 Olav III Haraldsson "Kyrre" (b. c.1050 - d. 1093) (the Calm)22 Sep 1093 - 24 Aug 1103 Magnus III Olavsson "Barreføtt" (b. 1073 - d. 1103) (the Barefoot) 22 Sep 1093 - Feb 1095 Haakon II Magnusson "Toresfostre" (b. 1069 - d. 1095) (Thor's Foster-son)(in opposition)1095 - 1103 Svein Haraldsson (in opposition)24 Aug 1103 - 21 Aug 1123 Øystein I Magnusson (b. 1088? - d. 1123) - jointly with following two -24 Aug 1103 - 26 Mar 1130 Sigurd I Magusson "Jorsalfare" (b. 1089? - d. 1130) (the Jerusalem-farer [Crusader]) 26 Aug 1103 - 22 Dec 1115 Olav (IV) Magnusson (b. 1099? - d. 1115)26 Mar 1130 - 7 Jan 1135 Magnus IV Sigurdsson"den blinde" (b. c.1115 - d. 1139) (the Blind) (1st time) - jointly with - 3 Oct 1130 - 9 Aug 1134 Harald IV "Gille" (the Servant) (b. 1103? - d. 1136) Magnusson (1st time) 7 Jan 1135 - 14 Dec 1136 Harald IV "Gille" Magnusson (s.a.) (2nd time)14 Dec 1136 - 4 Feb 1161 Inge I Haraldsson "Krokrygg" (b. 1135 - d. 1161) (the Hunchback) - jointly with -1137 - 10 Jun 1155 Sigurd II Haraldsson "Munn" (b. 1133 - d. 1155) (the Mouth) Dec 1137 - 12 Nov 1139 Magnus IV Sigurdsson "den blinde" (s.a.) (2nd time)(in opposition) - jointly with -27 May 1142 - 22 Aug 1157 Øystein II Haraldsson (b. 1125 - d. 1157)Aug 1157 - 7 Jul 1162 Haakon III Sigurdsson (b. 1147 - d. 1162) "Herdebreid" (Broad Shoulder) (in opposition to 4 Feb 1161)1161 - 15 Jun 1184 Magnus V Erlingsson (b. 1156 - d. 1184) (in oppositionto 7 Jul 1162) 7 Jul 1162 - 1164 Erling Ormsson "Skakke" -Regent (b. c.1115 - d. 1179) (the Crooked) 1162 - 29 Sep 1163 Sigurd (III) Sigurdsson (b. c.1153 - d. 1163) "Markusfostre" (Mark Foster) (in opposition)1167 - 1169 Olav Gudbrandsson "Ugjaeva" (b. c.1150 - d. 1173) (the Luckless)(in opposition)Sep? 1176 - Jan 1177 Øystein (III) Øysteinsson "Møyla" (b. 1157 - d. 1177) (the Maiden)(in rebellion)Jun 1177 - 9 Mar 1202 Sverre Sigurdsson (b. 1152 - d. 1202) (in opposition in Trondheim to 15 Jun 1184)29 Sep 1185 - Dec 1188 Jon Ingesson "Kuvlung" (Monk Coat) (b. 116. - d. 1188) (in opposition;impostor, real name: Jon Petersson)1188 - 1188 Sigurd Ingesson (impostor; in opposition)1189 - 1190 Vikar Magnusson (impostor; in opposition)1193 - 3 Apr 1194 Sigurd Magnusson (in opposition) (b. c.1180 - d. 1194)Jan 1198 - Aug 1202 Inge (II) Magnusson (in opposition)(b. c.1182 - d. 1202) 9 Mar 1202 - 1 Jan 1204 Haakon III Sverresson (b. c.1178 - d. 1204) 1 Jan 1204 - 1204 Haakon Folkvidsson "Galen" (acting)(b. 117. - d. 1214) (the Mad) 1204 - 11 Aug 1204 Guttorm Sigurdsson (b. 1200 - d. 1204)1204 - 11 Aug 1204 Haakon Folkvidsson "Galen" -Regent (s.a.)Jun? 1204 - Jun? 1207 Erling Magnusson "Steinvegg" (b. 118. - d. 1207) (the Stonewall)(in opposition)Aug 1204 - 23 Apr 1217 Inge II Bårdson (b. 1185 - d. 1217)Apr? 1207 - Oct? 1208 Filippus Simonsson (in opposition) (b. c.1182 - d. 1217) (keeps royal style till death Jul 1217)23 Apr 1217 - Jun 1217 Skule Bårdsson -Governor (b. 1189 - d. 1240)Jun 1217 - 16 Dec 1263 Haakon IV Haakonsson "den Store" (b. 1204 - d. 1263) (the Great) 1218 - 8 Jul 1226 Sigurd Erlingsson "Ribbung" (b. 1203 - d. 1226) (the Vulgar)(in opposition)Jul 1226 - Jul? 1227 Knut Haakonsson (in opposition) (b. c.1208 - d. 1261)Jul? 1226 - Sep? 1227 Magnus "Bladstakk" (in opposition)(b. 119. - d. 1227) (the Blade Stabber) 6 Nov 1239 - 24 May 1240 Skule Bårdsson (in opposition) (s.a.) 1 Apr 1240 - 5 May 1257 Haakon (V) Haakonsson "den unge" (b. 1232 - d. 1257) (co-ruler)15 Dec 1263 - 9 May 1280 Magnus VI Haakonsson "Lagabøter" (b. 1238 - d. 1280) (the Law Restorer) 9 May 1280 - 13 Jul 1299 Eirik II Magnusson "Prestehater" (b. 1268 - d. 1299) (the Priest Hater) 9 May 1280 - 1283 Ingebjørg Eriksdotter(f) -Regent (b. c.1244 - d. 1287)13 Jul 1299 - 10 Aug 1299 Jarl Jørund (acting) (b. 124. - d. 1309)10 Aug 1299 - 8 May 1319 Haakon V Magnusson "Hålegg" (b. 1270 - d. 1319) (the Long Leg) 8 May 1319 - 24 Aug 1319 Eiliv Arnesson, Achbishop of (b. 126. - d. 1332) Nidaros(chairman council of state)24 Aug 1319 - 15 Aug 1355 Magnus VII Eiriksson "Korti" (b. 1316 - d. 1374) (the Short) 15 Aug 1343-10/12 Sep 1380 Haakon VI Magnusson "den yngre" (b. 1339 - d. 1380)12 Sep 1380 - 3 Aug 1387 Olav IV Haakonsson (b. 1370 - d. 1387) 3 Aug 1387 - 2 Feb 1388 Ogmund Finnsson Hestbø -Regent 2 Feb 1388 - 8 Sep 1389 Margrete Valdemarsdatter (f)-Regent(b. 1353 - d. 1412) (styled: The realm's mighty lady and right master) 8 Sep 1389 - 1 Jun 1442 Eirik III (b. 1382 - d. 1459) (Erik XIII of Sweden, Erik VII of Denmark, Erich III of Pomerania)Sep 1439 - 1442 Sigurd Jonsson -Regent(1st time) (b. 1390's – d. 1450's) 1 Jun 1442 - 1 Jun 1442 Aslak Harniktsson Bolt, Archbishop (b. 1380 - d. 1450) of Nidaros (1st time) (chairman council of state) 1 Jun 1442 - 5/6 Jan 1448 Christoffer (b. 1416 - d. 1448) (Christoffer III of Denmark) 6 Jan 1448 - 1448 Aslak Harniktsson Bolt, Archbishop (s.a.) of Nidaros (2nd time) (chairman council of state)1448 - 20 Nov 1449 Sigurd Jonsson -Regent(2nd time) (s.a.)25 Oct 1449 - 14 May 1450 Karl I Knutsson (in opposition) (b. 1408 - d. 1470) (Karl VIII of Sweden)20 Nov 1449 - 21 May 1481 Christian I (Christiern I) (b. 1426 - d. 1481) (elected 3 Jul 1449 and crowned 20 Nov 1449)21 May 1481 - 24 Aug 1482 Gaute Ivarsson, Archbishop (b. 1437 - d. 1510) of Nidaros (chairman council of state)24 Aug 1482 - 1 Feb 1483 Jon Svalesøn Smør -Regent (b. c.1420 - d. 1483) 1 Feb 1483 - 20 Feb 1513 Hans (Johan II of Sweden) (b. 1455 - d. 1513)20 Feb 1513 - 22 Jul 1513 Eirik Valkendorf, Archbishop of (b. 1465 - d. 1522) Nidaros (chairman council of state)22 Jul 1513 - 5 Aug 1524 Christian II (Christiern II) (b. 1481 - d. 1559) (1st time) 5 Aug 1524 - 23 Aug 1524 Olav Engelbriktsson, Archbishop (b. c.1480 - d. 1538) of Nidaros (1st time) (chairman council of state) 23 Aug 1524 - 10 Apr 1533 Frederik I (b. 1471 - d. 1533)29 Nov 1531 - 1 Jul 1532 Christian II (2nd time) (s.a.) (in opposition) 10 Apr 1533 - 1 Apr 1537 Olav Engelbriktsson, Archbishop (s.a.) of Nidaros (2nd time) (chairman council of state) 1 Apr 1537 - 1 Jan 1559 Christian III (b. 1503 - d. 1559) (in opposition from 5 May 1535) 1 Jan 1559 - 14 Apr 1588 Frederik II (b. 1534 - d. 1588) 14 Apr 1588 - 9 Mar 1648 Christian IV (b. 1577 - d. 1648) 9 Mar 1648 - 18 May 1648 Jens Aagesøn Bjelke -Chancellor18 May 1648 - 19 Feb 1670 Frederik III (b. 1609 - d. 1670) (elected 28 Apr 1648; proclaimed 18 May 1648)19 Feb 1670 - 4 Sep 1699 Christian V (b. 1646 - d. 1699) 4 Sep 1699 - 12 Oct 1730 Frederik IV (b. 1671 - d. 1730)12 Oct 1730 - 6 Aug 1746 Christian VI (b. 1699 - d. 1746) 6 Aug 1746 - 14 Jan 1766 Frederik V (b. 1723 - d. 1766) 14 Jan 1766 - 13 Mar 1808 Christian VII (b. 1749 - d. 1808) 13 Mar 1808 - 7 Feb 1814 Frederik VI (b. 1768 - d. 1839) 7 Feb 1814 - 19 Feb 1814 Interregnum19 Feb 1814 - 3 Nov 1814 Christian Frederik (b. 1786 - d. 1848) (regent to 17 May 1814)12 Oct 1814 - 4 Nov 1814 Regency - Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz (b. 1762 - d. 1838) - Mathias Otto Leth Sommerhielm (b. 1764 - d. 1827) - Jonas Collett (b. 1772 - d. 1851) - Niels Aall (b. 1769 - d. 1854) - Diderich Hegermann (b. 1763 - d. 1835) (from 19 Oct 1814) - Thomas Fasting (from 19 Oct 1814)(b. 1769 - d. 1841) 4 Nov 1814 - 5 Feb 1818 Karl II (Carl XIII of Sweden) (b. 1748 - d. 1818) 5 Feb 1818 - 8 Mar 1844 Karl III Johan (b. 1763 - d. 1844) (Carl XIV Johan of Sweden) 8 Mar 1844 - 8 Jul 1859 Oscar I (b. 1799 - d. 1859) 8 Jul 1859 - 18 Sep 1872 Karl IV Ludvig Eugenius (b. 1826 - d. 1872) (Carl XV of Sweden)18 Sep 1872 - 7 Jun 1905 Oscar II Frederik (b. 1829 - d. 1907) (formally abdicated 26 Oct 1905) 7 Jun 1905 - 25 Nov 1905 Peter Christian Hersleb Michelsen (b. 1857 - d. 1925) H (prime minister exercising royal authority)25 Nov 1905 - 25 Sep 1940 Haakon VII (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1957) (elected 18 Nov 1905, sworn in 27 Nov 1905; on flight in Norway 9 Apr - 7 Jun 1940; in London exile 7 Jun 1940 - 7 Jun 1945) Military commander 9 Apr 1940 - 25 Jul 1940 Nikolaus von Falkenhorst (b. 1885 - d. 1968) Reichskommissare 25 Apr 1940 - 7 May 1945 Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven (b. 1898 - d. 1945) NSDAP 7 May 1945 - 8 May 1945 Franz Friedrich Böhme (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1947) Mil
Kings¹
8 May 1945 - 14 May 1945 Paal Berg (acting for Haakon) (b. 1873 - d. 1968) V 9 May 1945 - 21 Sep 1957 Haakon VII (2nd time) (s.a.)14 May 1945 - 7 Jun 1945 Crown Prince Olav -Regent (b. 1903 - d. 1991) (1st time)19 Jun 1955 - 21 Sep 1957 Crown Prince Olav -Regent (s.a.) (2nd time)21 Sep 1957 - 17 Jan 1991 Olav V (s.a.)25 Apr 1970 - Jul 1970 Crown Prince Harald -Regent (b. 1937) (1st time)18 May 1971 - Jun 1971 Crown Prince Harald -Regent (s.a.) (2nd time)Jun 1990 - 17 Jan 1991 Crown Prince Harald -Regent (s.a.) (3rd time)17 Jan 1991 - Harald V (s.a.) (1st time)25 Nov 2003 - 13 Apr 2004 Crown Prince Haakon -Regent (b. 1973) 29 Mar 2005 - 7 Jun 2005 Crown Prince Haakon -Regent (s.a.) (2nd time)

Governors 1 Apr 1537 - 23 Jun 1551 Peder Hansson (Litle) til Sem (b. 149. - d. 1551) og Foss 24 Jun 1551 - 23 Jun 1556 Jesper Friis til Aarslev (b. 150. - d. 1558)24 Jun 1556 - 23 Jun 1572 Christiern Munk til Taabdrup (b. 151. - d. 1579) Governors-general (statholder)24 Jun 1572 - 1577 Paul Hvitfeldt til Snidstrup (b. c.1529 - d. 1592) 9 Jul 1577 - 30 Apr 1583 Ludvig Munk til Nørlund (b. 1537 - d. 1602) 1 May 1583 - 6 Oct 1588 Ove Juel til Kjeldgaard (b. c.1540 - d. 1599) 6 Oct 1588 - 5 Apr 1601 Axel Gyldenstjerne til Lyngbygaard (b. c.1542 - d. 1603) 1 May 1601 - 30 Apr 1608 Jørgen Friis til Krastrup (b. c.1543 - d. 1616) 1 May 1608 - 30 Apr 1618 Envold Kruse til Hjermitsløv (b. 1554 - d. 1621) 1 May 1618 - 30 Apr 1629 Jens Juel til Kjeldgaard (b. 1580 - d. 1634) 1 May 1629 - 30 Apr 1642 Christoffer Urne til Aasmark (b. 1593 - d. 1663) 1 May 1642 - 30 Apr 1651 Hannibal Sehested til (b. 1609 - d. 1666) Nøragersgaard 1 May 1651 - 20 Dec 1655 Gregers Krabbe til Torstedlund (b. 1594 - d. 1655) 1 May 1656 - 30 Apr 1661 Nils Trolle til Trolholm (b. 1599 - d. 1667) 1 May 1661 - Jun 1664 Iver Krabbe til Jordberg (b. 1602 - d. 1666)Jun 1664 - 25 Sep 1699 Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve greve (b. 1638 - d. 1704) til Laurvig Oct 1669 - May 1674 Ove Juul til Willestrup (b. 1615 - d. 1686) May 1674 - Oct 1676 Vacant Oct 1676 - Jan 1683 Jens Juel til Førslevgaard, (b. 1631 - d. 1700) friherretil Juellinge (acting for Gyldenløve)Jan 1683 - 26 Sep 1694 Just Högh til Fultoffte (b. 1640 - d. 1694) (acting for Gyldenløve)26 Sep 1694 - 1700 Gustaf Wilhelm greve Wedel- (b. 1641 - d. 1717) Jarlsberg (1st time) (acting [for Gyldenløve to 1699]) 1700 - 21 Jun 1708 Frederik Gabel til Giesegaard (b. c.1640 - d. 1708)21 Jun 1708 - 1 Aug 1708 Gustaf Wilhelm greve Wedel- (s.a.) Jarlsberg (2nd time) 1 Aug 1708 - 22 Feb 1710 Johan Vibe (b. c.1634 - d. 1710)22 Feb 1710 - 26 Aug 1710 Hans Ernst von Tritzschler (acting)(b. 1647 - d. 1718) (chief civil and military governor) 26 Aug 1710 - 30 Apr 1712 Ulrik Frederik Waldemar, (b. 1660 - d. 1740) friherreLøvendal24 Dec 1712 - 14 Jul 1713 Claus Henrik Vieregg (b. 1655 - d. 1713) (vice governor)14 Jul 1713 - 15 May 1714 Caspar Hermann von Hausmann (b. 1653 - d. 1718) (acting)15 May 1714 - 1722 Friderich friherre Krag til (b. 1655 - d. 1728) Stensballegaard (vice governor)14 Apr 1722 - 5 Oct 1731 Ditlev Vibe (b. 1670 - d. 1731) 5 Oct 1731 - 1733 Patroclus Rømeling (acting) (b. 1662 - d. 1736)1733 - 1739 Christian greve Rantzau (b. 1683 - d. 1771) (vice governor)1739 - 1750 Hans Jakob Arnoldt (vice governor) (b. 1669 - d. 1758)11 Sep 1750 - 8 Feb 1771 Jacob Benzon til Aggersvold (b. 1688 - d. 1775) (vice governor to 16 Jan 1770) 28 Sep 1772 - 15 Oct 1772 Heinrich Wilhelm Huth (b. 1717 - d. 1806) 15 Oct 1772 - 4 Feb 1814 Carl Landgraf zu Hessen (b. 1744 - d. 1836) 1 Sep 1807 - 11 Nov 1810 Christian August von Schlewsig- (b. 1768 - d. 1810) Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, prins til Augustenborg (President of the interim government commission to 25 Jul 1809) 11 Nov 1810 - 22 May 1813 Friedrich Landgraf zu Hessen- (b. 1771 - d. 1845) Kassel (acting)22 May 1813 - 19 Feb 1814 Christian Frederik af Danmark (s.a.) Governors-general (statholder)10 Oct 1814 - 4 Nov 1814 Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz (s.a.) 4 Nov 1814 - 11 Nov 1814 Crown Prince Karl Johan -Viceroy (s.a.) (1st time)11 Nov 1814 - 2 Aug 1816 Hans Henrik greve von Essen (b. 1755 - d. 1824)21 Jun 1816 - 5 Aug 1816 Crown Prince Karl Johan -Viceroy (s.a.) (2nd time)20 Aug 1816 - 18 Oct 1818 Carl Carlsson greve Mörner (b. 1755 - d. 1821) af Tuna 18 Oct 1818 - 11 Apr 1824 Johan August greve Sandels (b. 1764 - d. 1831) (1st time)12 Feb 1824 - 1 Nov 1824 Crown Prince Oscar -Viceroy (s.a.) (1st time)21 Oct 1824 - 26 Nov 1827 Johan August greve Sandels (s.a.) (2nd time)26 Nov 1827 - 6 Dec 1829 Baltzar Bogislaus greve von Platen (b. 1766 - d. 1829) 6 Dec 1829 - 20 Jul 1833 Jonas Collett (1st time)(acting) (s.a.)20 Jul 1833 - 3 Sep 1833 Crown Prince Oscar -Viceroy (s.a.) (2nd time) 3 Sep 1833 - 19 Sep 1836 Jonas Collett (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)19 Sep 1836 - 27 Aug 1840 Johan Caspar Herman greve Wedel- (b. 1779 - d. 1840) Jarlsberg 27 Aug 1840 - 5 May 1841 Nicolay Johan Lohmann Krog (acting)(b. 1787 - d. 1856) 5 May 1841 - 17 May 1856 Severin Lövenskiold (b. 1777 - d. 1856) 7 Feb 1856 - 11 Nov 1856 Crown Prince Karl -Viceroy (s.a.) (1st time)11 Nov 1856 - 12 Jan 1857 Jørgen Herman Vogt (1st time) (b. 1784 - d. 1862) (acting) 12 Jan 1857 - 30 May 1857 Crown Prince Karl -Viceroy (s.a.) (2nd time)30 May 1857 - 8 Dec 1858 Jørgen Herman Vogt (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 8 Dec 1858 - 12 Dec 1861 Hans Christian Petersen (acting) (b. 1793 - d. 1862) 12 Dec 1861 - 17 Dec 1861 Erik Røring Møinichen (acting) (b. 1797 - d. 1875)17 Dec 1861 - 21 Jul 1873 Frederik Stang (acting) (b. 1808 - d. 1884)First Secretaries of State 19 May 1814 - 20 Aug 1814 Frederik Gottschalk von Haxthausen (b. 1750 - d. 1825) 20 Aug 1814 - 31 Jan 1815 Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz (s.a.) 1 Feb 1815 - 9 Jul 1822 Matthias Otto Leth Sommerhielm (s.a.) 9 Jul 1822 - 10 Nov 1836 Jonas Collett (s.a.) 10 Nov 1836 - 17 Oct 1839 Thomas Fasting (s.a.) 17 Oct 1839 - 5 Jan 1855 Nicolay Johan Lohmann Krog (s.a.) 5 Jan 1855 - 8 Dec 1858 Jørgen Herman Vogt (s.a.) 8 Dec 1858 - 12 Dec 1861 Hans Christian Petersen (s.a.) 12 Dec 1861 - 17 Dec 1861 Erik Røring Møinichen (acting) (s.a.)17 Dec 1861 - 21 Jul 1873 Frederik Stang (s.a.) Prime ministers21 Jul 1873 - 11 Oct 1880 Frederik Stang (s.a.) Con11 Oct 1880 - 11 Mar 1884 Christian August Selmer (b. 1816 - d. 1889) Con 11 Mar 1884 - 29 Mar 1884 Ole Andreas Bachke (acting) (b. 1830 - d. 1890) Non-party 29 Mar 1884 - 3 Apr 1884 Niels Mathias Rye (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1905) Non-party 3 Apr 1884 - 26 Jun 1884 Christian Homann Schweigaard (b. 1838 - d. 1899) Con26 Jun 1884 - 13 Jul 1889 Johan Sverdrup (b. 1816 - d. 1892) V13 Jul 1889 - 6 Mar 1891 Emil Stang (1st time) (b. 1834 - d. 1907) H 6 Mar 1891 - 2 May 1893 Johannes Wilhelm Christian Steen (b. 1827 - d. 1906) V (1st time) 2 May 1893 - 14 Oct 1895 Emil Stang (2nd time) (s.a.) H14 Oct 1895 - 17 Feb 1898 Georg Francis Hagerup (1st time) (b. 1853 - d. 1921) H17 Feb 1898 - 21 Apr 1902 Johannes Wilhelm Christian Steen (s.a.) V (2nd time)21 Apr 1902 - 22 Oct 1903 Otto Albert Blehr (1st time) (b. 1847 - d. 1927) V22 Oct 1903 - 11 Mar 1905 Georg Francis Hagerup (2nd time) (s.a.) H11 Mar 1905 - 23 Oct 1907 Peter Christian Hersleb Michelsen (s.a.) V23 Oct 1907 - 19 Mar 1908 Jørgen Gunnarson Løvland (b. 1848 - d. 1922) V19 Mar 1908 - 2 Feb 1910 Aanon Gunnar Knudsen (1st time) (b. 1848 - d. 1928) V 2 Feb 1910 - 20 Feb 1912 Wollert Konow (b. 1847 - d. 1932) FV20 Feb 1912 - 31 Jan 1913 Jens Kristian Meinich Bratlie (b. 1856 - d. 1939) H31 Jan 1913 - 21 Jun 1920 Aanon Gunnar Knudsen (2nd time) (s.a.) V21 Jun 1920 - 22 Jun 1921 Otto Bahr Halvorsen (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1923) H22 Jun 1921 - 6 Mar 1923 Otto Albert Blehr (2nd time) (s.a.) V 6 Mar 1923 - 23 May 1923 Otto Bahr Halvorsen (2nd time) (s.a.) H24 Mar 1923 - 30 May 1923 Christian Fredrik Michelet (b. 1863 - d. 1927) H (acting [for Halvorsen to 23 May 1923])30 May 1923 - 25 Jul 1924 Abraham Theodor Berge (b. 1851 - d. 1936) FV25 Jul 1924 - 5 Mar 1926 Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (1st time) (b. 1870 - d. 1943) V 5 Mar 1926 - 28 Jan 1928 Ivar Lykke (b. 1872 - d. 1949) H28 Jan 1928 - 15 Feb 1928 Christopher Hornsrud (b. 1859 - d. 1960) DNA15 Feb 1928 - 12 May 1931 Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (2nd time) (s.a.) V12 May 1931 - 5 Mar 1932 Peder Ludvik Kolstad (b. 1878 - d. 1932) Bp 1 Feb 1932 - 29 Feb 1932 Birger Braadland (b. 1879 - d. 1966) Bp (acting for Kolstad)29 Feb 1932 - 10 Mar 1932 Nils Traedal (b. 1879 - d. 1948) Bp (acting [for Kolstad to 5 Mar 1932])10 Mar 1932 - 14 Mar 1932 Birger Braadland (acting) (s.a.) Bp14 Mar 1932 - 3 Mar 1933 Jens Falentinsen Hundseid (b. 1883 - d. 1965) Bp 3 Mar 1933 - 20 Mar 1935 Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (3rd time) (s.a.) V20 Mar 1935 - 25 Jun 1945 Johan Nygaardsvold (b. 1879 - d. 1952) DNA (on flight in Norway 9 Apr - 7 Jun 1940; in London exile 7 Jun 1940 - 31 May 1945) 9 Apr 1940 - 15 Apr 1940 Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn (b. 1887 - d. 1945) NS Quisling (1st time)(in rebellion) Chairmen Administration Council15 Apr 1940 - 25 Sep 1940 Ingolf Elster Christensen (b. 1872 - d. 1943) H25 Sep 1940 - 1 Feb 1942 Acting Councillors of State (from 25 Sep 1941, Ministers) - Kjeld Irgens (b. 1879 - d. 1963) NS - Ragnar Stub Skancke (b. 1890 - d. 1948) NS - Erling Sandberg (b. 1879 - d. 1956) Non-party - Sigurd Halvorsen Johannessen (b. 1881 - d. 1964) Non-party - Albert Viljam Hagelin (b. 1882 - d. 1946) NS - Tormod Hustad (b. 1889 - d. 1973) NS - Thorstein Fretheim (b. 1886 - d. 1971) NS - Jonas Lie (b. 1899 - d. 1945) NS - Gulbrand Lunde (b. 1901 - d. 1942) NS - Axel Stang (b. 1904 - d. 1974) NS - Øystein Ravner (b. 1893 - d. 1975) Non-party - Birger Ø. Meidell (b. 1882 - d. 1958) NS (to 25 Sep 1941) - Johan Lippestad (b. 1902 - d. 1961) NS (from 25 Sep 1941) - Sverre Riisnaes (b. 1897 - d. 1987) NS - Rolf Jørgen Fuglesang (b. 1909 - d. 1988) NS (from 25 Sep 1941) Minister-president 1 Feb 1942 - 9 May 1945 Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn (s.a.) NS Quisling (2nd time) Prime ministers 9 May 1945 - 14 May 1945 Rådmenn ("civil servants" [chief officers]) (acting for Nygaardsvold) - Alv Helland (b. 1908 - d. 1976) Non-party - Carl Platou (b. 1885 - d. 1956) Non-party - Sverre Iversen (b. 1879 - d. 1967) Non-party - Per Preben Prebensen (b. 1896 - d. 1961) Non-party - Reidar Tønnesson (b. 1895 - d. 1963) Non-party - Halvdan E. Stokke (b. 1900 - d. 1977) Non-party - Egil Sundt (b. 1903 - d. 1950) Non-party - Nikolai Schei (b. 1901 - d. 1985) Non-party14 May 1945 - 31 May 1945 Oscar Fredrik Torp (b. 1893 - d. 1958) DNA (acting for Nygaardsvold)25 Jun 1945 - 19 Nov 1951 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (1st time) (b. 1897 - d. 1987) DNA19 Nov 1951 - 22 Jan 1955 Oscar Fredrik Torp (s.a.) DNA22 Jan 1955 - 28 Aug 1963 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (2nd time) (s.a.) DNA28 Aug 1963 - 25 Sep 1963 John Daniel Fyrstenberg Lyng (b. 1905 - d. 1978) H25 Sep 1963 - 12 Oct 1965 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (3rd time) (s.a.) DNA12 Oct 1965 - 17 Mar 1971 Per Borten (b. 1913 - d. 2005) Sp17 Mar 1971 - 18 Oct 1972 Trygve Martin Bratteli (1st time) (b. 1910 - d. 1984) DNA18 Oct 1972 - 16 Oct 1973 Lars Korvald (b. 1916 - d. 2006) KFp18 Oct 1973 - 16 Jan 1976 Trygve Martin Bratteli (2nd time) (s.a.) DNA15 Jan 1976 - 4 Feb 1981 Odvar Nordli (b. 1927) DNA 4 Feb 1981 - 14 Oct 1981 Gro Harlem Brundtland (f)(1st time)(b. 1939) DNA14 Oct 1981 - 9 May 1986 Kåre Isaachsen Willoch (b. 1928) H17 Apr 1984 - Jun 1984 Svenn Thorkild Stray (b. 1922) H (acting for Willoch) 9 May 1986 - 16 Oct 1989 Gro Harlem Brundtland (f)(2nd time)(s.a.) DNA16 Oct 1989 - 3 Nov 1990 Jan Peder Syse (b. 1930 - d. 1997) H 3 Nov 1990 - 25 Oct 1996 Gro Harlem Brundtland (f)(3rd time)(s.a.) DNA25 Oct 1996 - 17 Oct 1997 Thorbjørn Jagland (b. 1950) DNA17 Oct 1997 - 17 Mar 2000 Kjell Magne Bondevik (1st time) (b. 1947) KFp30 Aug 1998 - 23 Sep 1998 Anne Enger Lahnstein (f) (b. 1949) Sp (acting for Bondevik) 17 Mar 2000 - 19 Oct 2001 Jens Stoltenberg (1st time) (b. 1959) DNA19 Oct 2001 - 17 Oct 2005 Kjell Magne Bondevik (2nd time) (s.a.) KFp17 Oct 2005 - Jens Stoltenberg (2nd time) (s.a.) DNA

German Occupation 1940-1945

German military commanders 9 Apr 1940 - 17 Dec 1944 Nikolaus von Falkenhorst (s.a.)18 Dec 1944 - 17 Jan 1945 Lothar Rendulic (b. 1887 - d. 1971)18 Jan 1945 - 8 May 1945 Franz Friedrich Böhme (b. 1894 - d. 1947) Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces in Norway13 May 1945 - 7 Jun 1945 Sir Augustus Francis Andrew (b. 1885 - d. 1970) Nicol Thorne (U.K.)


Nasjional Samling Party flag 1933-1945

Territorial Disputes: Norwegian territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maude Land and its continental shelf) which is notrecognized by the United Nations, U.S., Russia, or by most other countries (other than Australia, France, New Zealand, and U.K.); Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010.

Noble titles: Friherre = Baron, Greve = Count, Jarl = Earl.

¹Full style of the ruler:(a) 24 Aug 1319 - 15 Aug 1355: Med Guds miskund Norges Svea og Gota Konge (from 1332, documented from 1340: Med Guds nåde Norges Svea og Skåne Konge)("with God's mercy, King of Norway, Sweden and the Goths" [from 1332, documented from 1340: "by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Sweden and Scania"]);(b) 15 Aug 1355 - 10/12 Sep 1380: Med Guds nåde Norges Konge (from 15 Feb 1362: Med Guds nåde Norges og Svea Konge)("by the Grace of God King of Norway" [from 15 Feb 1362: "by the Grace of God, King of Norway and Sweden"]);(c) 12 Sep 1380 - 3 Aug 1387: Med Guds nåde Norges Dana og Gota Konge; ("by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Denmark and the Goths"); (d) 8 Sep 1389 - 1 Jun 1442: Med Guds nåde Norges Konge og Sveriges rette erfinge (from 23 Jul 1396 and 1397: Med Guds nåde Norges Danmarks Sveriges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Pommern)("by the Grace of God, King of Norway and right heir of Sweden" [from Jul 1396 and 1397: "by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Denmark, Sweden, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Pomerania]"); (e) 1 Jun 1442 - 5/6 Jan 1448: Med Guds nåde Norges Sveriges Danmarks Vendes og Gotes Konge, Palatsgreve pa Riin og Hertug i Beyern; ("by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria"); (f) 20 Nov 1449 - 21 May 1481: Med Guds Nåde Norges Danmarks Vendes og Gotes Konge, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst (from 2 Jul 1457: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Sveriges Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst; from 2 Mar 1460: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Sveriges Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig, Greve i Holsten Stormarn Oldenborg og Delmenhorst; from 14 Feb 1474: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Sveriges Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst)("by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst [from 14 Feb 1457: "King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"][from 2 Mar 1460: "by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Count of Holstein, Stormarn, Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"][from 14 Feb 1474: "by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"]) (g) 1 Feb 1483 - 20 Feb 1513: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, utvald Konge til Sveriges rike, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst (from 18 Oct 1497: Med Guds Nåde Sveriges Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst)("by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, King-elect of state of Sweden, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarnm and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst" ["from 18 Oct 1497: "by the Grace of God, King of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg, and Delmenhorst"]); (h) 22 Jul 1513 - 5 Aug 1524: Med Guds Nåde Norges Danmarks Vendes og Gotes Konge, utvald Konge til Sverige, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst (from 4 Nov 1520: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Sveriges Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst) ("by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, King-elect of Sweden, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst" [from 4 Nov 1520: "by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"]); (i) 23 Aug 1524 - 10 Apr 1533: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Vendes og Gotes Konge, utvald Konge til Norge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst ("by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, King-elect of Norway, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"); (j) 1 Apr 1537 - 6 Mar 1648: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst; ("by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, the Wends, and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"); (k) 16 Jul 1648 - 7 Feb 1814: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes utvald Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst (from 28 Oct 1660: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst, from 22 Mar 1777: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn Ditmarsken og Oldenborg)("by the Grace of God, King-elect of Denmark, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldemburg and Delmenhorst" [from 28 Ocy 166: "by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"], from 22 Mar 1777: "by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schelswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarschenand Oldenburg"); (l) 17 May 1814 - 3 Nov 1814: Af Guds Nåde og efter Rigets Constitution, Norges Konge, Prins til Danmark, Hertug til Slesvig, Holsten, Stormarn, Ditmarsken og Oldenborg; ("by the Grace of God and Constitution of the State, King of Norway, Prince of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarschen, and Oldenburg");(m) 4 Nov 1814 - 5 Feb 1818: Af Guds Nåde Konge til Sverige og Norge, de Gothers og Venders, etc. etc. etc., Hertug til Slesvig, Holsten, Stormarn og Dithmarsken, Greve til Oldenborg og Delmenhorst, etc. ("by the Grace of God, King of Sweden and Norway, of the Goths and Wends, etc. etc. etc., Duke of Schlewig, Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, etc."); (n) 5 Feb 1818 - 8 Jul 1859: Af Guds Nåde Konge til Sverige og Norge, de Gothers og Venders ("by the Grace of God, King of Sweden and Norway, of the Goths and Wends");(o) 8 Jul 1859 - 7 Jun 1905: Af Guds Nåde Konge til Norge og Sverige, de Gothers og Venders ("by the Grace of God, King of Norway and Sweden, of the Goths and the Wends"); (p) from 27 Nov 1905: Norges Konge ("King of Norway").

²On 25 Sep 1940, the German occupants acted on the understanding that the monarchy had been abolished and Haakon VII (s.a.) deposed on that day. However, Reichskommissar Josef Terboven (s.a.) attempted to provide this step with a sheen of constitutionality by falsely declaring "that the Storting had deposed the royal dynasty by a two-thirds majority." (From "Quisling: A Study in Treason", by Oddvar K. Hoidal (Norwegian University Press, Oslo 1989). The style Norges rike (State of Norway) for the polity is a common expression, but becomes statutory only on 1 Feb 1942 with its appearance on the State Seal. It is cogently argued by the author of an authoritative study of the period that "by February 1 1942 Norway did not cease to be a Kingdom, however, since the Constitution of 1814 was still valid. Monarchy was temporarily suspended..." Vidkun Quisling, in his proclamation on 1 Feb 1942, refers to the authority of King and Storting in the 1814 Constitution as being exercised by the Minister-president, but offered no clarification.

Party abbreviations: DNA = Det Norske Arbeiderparti (Norwegian Labor Party, social-democratic, est.1887); H = Høyre ('Right', Conservative Party, conservative, est.1884); KFp = Kristelig Folkeparti (Christian People's Party, christian-democratic, est.1933);V = Venstre ('Left', Liberal Party, est.1884); Sp = Senterparti (Centre Party, agrarian, former Bp, est.1959);Mil = Military;- Former parties: Bp = Bondepartiet (Agrarian Party, 1920-59, renamed Sp); Con = Konservativ (Conservative, 1884 consolidated into H); FV = Frisinnede Venstre (Moderate Liberals, 1909-45, merged into H); NS = Nasjonal Samling (National Unity, Norwegian nationalist, fascist, 1933-45); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker's Party, German Nazi fascist, 1933-1945)

Finnmark

[Flag of USSR]

25 Oct 1944 - 25 Feb 1945 Allied (Soviet) occupation of Finnmark county. Commander of Soviet Forces 25 Oct 1944 - 25 Feb 1945 Vladimir Ivanovich Shcherbakov (b. 1901 - d. 1981)

Svalbard (Spitsbergen)

[Flag of Norway]

Map of Svalbard Hear National Anthem
"Ja, vi elsker dette landet"
(Yes, We Love This Country) Svalbard Treaty
(9 Feb 1920) Constitution

Capital: Longyearbyen Currency: Norwegian Krone
(NOK); Svalbardpenger
(1925-1 Jan 1980) Local Holiday: 14 Aug (1925)
Norway Sovereignty Day Population: 2,165 (2008)

GDP: $N/A Exports: $197.6 million (2004)
Imports: $N/A Ethnic groups: Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and
Ukrainian 44.3%, Polish and other 0.3% (1998)

Total Police Force: N/A
Defense is the Responsibility of Norway
(island demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920)
Religions: Christian (Protestant 25.9%, Russian
Orthodox 21.6%, unaffiliated Christian 4.6%) 52.2%,
nonreligious 47.7% (2005)

International Organizations/Treaties: None

1194 First mentioned in Icelandic annals, Vikings report that they had found the "Cold coast" (Svalbardi fundinn). 1425 Possible discovery of Svalbard area by Russians. A strong oral tradition in the White Sea region, known in Russian as Pomory, states the Starostin family hunted in Svalbard from 1425.17 Jun 1596 Discovered by Dutch under Willem Barents and Jacob van Heemskerck, named Spitsbergen (German: Spitzbergen).1612 – c.1750 International whaling activities by Denmark-Norway, England, France, The Netherlands, Russia, Spain and Sweden. 1612 - c.1740 Claimed by the Dutch, who form Smeerenburgsettlement in 1623 1615 Claimed by the Denmark as part of Greenland. 1700 – 1850 Russian all-winter hunting and trapping. 1850 – 1900 Norwegian all-winter hunting and trapping. 1900 First (Norwegian) coal mining begins on Svalbard.30 Jun 1906 First permanent settlement (Longyearbyen) founded.14 May 1912 Russia and Norway agree that Svalbard Island is to be neutral territory.1918 Northern Norway Weather Forecasting Station is established. 9 Feb 1920 International Court of Justiceawards sovereignty to Norway.14 Aug 1925 Formal assumption of sovereignty by Norway (Svalbard Territory).22 May 1936 - 1953 Svalbard subordinated to the Norwegian Ministry of Trade.Jun 1940 - May 1945 Administered by the Norwegian government in exile.25 Aug 1941 - 3 Sep 1941 Allied forces occupy and evacuate Svalbard.Oct 1941 - 14 May 1942 German occupation.Oct 1941 - Sep 1945 Sporadic German weather stations established on Svalbard and its islands during the remainder of the war. 8 Sep 1943 German battleships Tirpitz and Scharnhorstrazed the Longyearbyen and Barentsburg settlements.Aug 1944 Sveagruva settlement destroyed by a German amphibious assault.Nov 1944 Soviet Union requests joint administration of Svalbard and cession of Bear Island (Bjørnøya)(again in 1946 and 1947), rejected by Norway.1953 - Svalbard subordinated to the Ministry of Justice.

Governors (Sysselmenn) 7 Aug 1925 - 4 Sep 1925 Edvard Lassen (acting) 4 Sep 1925 - 24 Jun 1932 Johannes Gerckens Bassøe (1st time)(b. 1878 - d. 1962)24 Jun 1932 - 1 Jul 1933 Wolmar Tycho Marlow (1st time) (d. 1963) (acting) 1 Jul 1933 - 1 Jul 1935 Johannes Gerckens Bassøe (2nd time)(s.a.) 1 Jul 1935 - 1 Sep 1935 Helge Marcus Ingstad (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 2001) 1 Sep 1935 - 1 Jul 1942 Wolmar Tycho Marlow (2nd time) (s.a.)25 Aug 1941 - 3 Sep 1941 Arthur E. Potts (Canada) (b. 1890 - d. 1983) (Allied commander) German military commanderOct 1941 - 14 May 1942 Schmid Military governorsMay 1942 - 1942 Ernst Ullring (1st time) (b. 1894 - d. 1953)1942 Albert Tornerud (acting) (b. 1891 - d. 1968)1942 - 1943 Ernst Ullring (2nd time) (s.a.)1943 - 1944 Ove Roll Lund (b. 1910 - d. 1946)1944 - 1945 Johannes Etterlid Governors (Sysselmenn) 7 Sep 1945 - 1956 Håkon Balstad (d. 1964)1956 - 1960 Odd Birketvedt (b. 1915?)1960 - 1963 Finn Backer Midbøe (b. 1918)1963 - 1967 Tollef Landsverk (b. 1920) 1967 - 1970 Stephen Stephensen (b. 1917)1970 - 1974 Fredrik Beichmann (b. 1924)Sep 1974 - Jan 1978 Leif T. Eldring (1st time) (b. 1933 - d. 1994)Feb 1978 - Jun 1982 Jan S. Grøndahl (b. 1934)Jun 1982 - Jun 1986 Carl Alexander Wendt (b. 1923)Jul 1986 - Jul 1991 Leif T. Eldring (2nd time) (s.a.)Jul 1991 - Aug 1995 Odd Emil Blomdal (b. 1927)Aug 1995 - Nov 1998 Ann-Kristin Olsen (f) (b. 1945)Nov 1998 - Nov 2001 Morten Ruud (b. 1950)Nov 2001 - Feb 2005 Odd Olsen Ingerø (1st time) (b. 1950)Feb 2005 - 1 Oct 2005 Sven Ole Fagernaes (acting) (b. 1945) 1 Oct 2005 - 15 Sep 2009 Per Sefland (b. 1949) 15 Sep 2009 - Odd Olsen Ingerø (2nd time) (s.a.)

Directors of the Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani (Great Norwegian-Spitsbergen Coal Company)(SNSK)1916 - 1917 Kenneth L. Gilson, Jr. (b. 1881 - d. 19..)1917 - 1918 Sigurd K. Westby (1st time) (b. 1883 - d. 19..)1918 - 1919 Sigurd Foss (1st time) (b. 1884 - d. 1964)1919 - 1920 Sigurd Rudie1920 - 1921 Sigurd K. Westby (2nd time) (s.a.)1921 - 1922 Sigurd Foss (2nd time) (s.a.) 1922 - 1923 Sigurd K. Westby (3rd time) (s.a.)1923 - 1925 Sigurd Foss (3rd time) (s.a.)1925 - 1927 Karl L.A. Bay (b. 1885 - d. 1930)1927 - 1929 Einar Sverdrup (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 1942)1929 - 1930 Gunnar Aasgaard (b. 1888 - d. 19..)1930 - 1933 Einar Sverdrup (2nd time) (s.a.)1933 - 1935 Joakim N.K. Lindholm (1st time) (b. 1900 - d. 1946)1935 - 1937 Einar Sverdrup (3rd time) (s.a.)1938 - 1940 Joakim N.K. Lindholm (2nd time) (s.a.)1940 - 1941 Finn Boger1941 - 1945 None 1945 – 1946 Joakim N.K.Lindholm (3rd time) (s.a.) (technical director) 1946 – 1956/57 Trygve Brodtkorb (b. 1890 - d. 1976) 1956/57 – 1965/66 Atle Gadd Bjørkum (b. 1915) + Knut Bryn Deinboll 1966 – 1976/77 Ole Mellerud

Administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a local governor.

Note: By treaty the nationals of the treaty powers have equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although U.S., U.K., German, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian.

Territorial Disputes: Despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone.

Jan Mayen

[Flag of Norway]

Map of Jan Mayen Population: no indigenous
inhabitants¹

1614 Discovered by Jan Mayen, a Dutch whaling captain, who indisputably discovers the island (earlier claims are inconclusive).1921 First stable claim by Norwegian Meteorological Institute. 1926 Declared annexed by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. 8 May 1929 Jan Mayen officially a Norwegian dependency.27 Feb 1930 Formal annexation by Norway.1940 All scientific personal evacuated following German occupation of Norway.1941 - 1945 Garrisoned by Norwegian government-in-exile.1943 - 1945 Observation base established by the U.S.

Governors27 Feb 1930 - 31 Dec 1994 the governors of Svalbard 1 Jan 1995 - the governors of Nordland county

Heads of the Meteorological Base1921 - 1922 Hagbard Ekerold (b. 1883 - d. 1963) 1922 - 1923 Fritz Paulsen (1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 19..) 1923 - 1924 Christian Haugan 1924 - 1925 Alfred Hoaas 1925 - 1926 Hallvard Devold (b. 1898 - d. 1957) 1926 - 1927 Finn Devold (b. 1902 - d. 1977) 1927 - 1928 Fritz Paulsen (2nd time) (s.a.) 1928 - 1929 GennadyNikititsch Olonkin (b. 1898 - d. 1960) (1st time) 1929 - 1930 Fritz Øien (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1963)1930 - 1931 GennadyNikititsch Olonkin (s.a.) (2nd time)1931 - 1932 Leonhard Nicolaisen 1932 - 1933 Johan Breirem 1933 - 1934 GennadyNikititsch Olonkin (s.a.) (3rd time)1934 - 1935 Leif Brox (1st time) (b. 1905 - d. 1968) 1935 - 1936 GennadyNikititsch Olonkin (s.a.) (4th time)1936 - 1937 Alv Pedersen 1937 Leif Brox (2nd time) (s.a.) 1937 - 1938 Egil Lindberg 1938 - 1939 Henry Haug 1939 - 1940 Anton Bakke 1940 Fritz Øien (2nd time) (s.a.) Commanders of the Norwegian Garrison 1941 - 1942 Karl Magnar Hjelvik (b. 1909 - d. 1975) 1942 - 1943 Kåre Hjelseth 1943 - 1944 Kolbjørn Spilhaug (b. 1898 - d. 19..) 1944 - 1946 Arne Hauga Station Commanders (Stasjonssjef) of Jan Mayen1945 - 1946 Henry Johnsen 1946 - 1947 Andreas Skaanevik 1947 - 1948 Frank Myrvold 1948 - 1949 Nicolay Nicolaysen 1949 - 1950 Mikal Bjorklid 1950 - 10 Dec 1950 Aksel Liberg (b. 1928 - d. 1950) 10 Dec 1950 - 1951 Oddmund Søreide 1951 - 1952 Kai Syversen 1952 - 1953 Terje Lillevik1953 - 1954 Finn Jensen 1954 - 1955 Harold Nicolaisen 1955 - 1956 Sverre Messel 1957 - 1958 Petter Fuberg 1958 - 1959 Erik Herje 1959 - 1961 Torstein Raaby 1961 - 1962 Bjørn Marienborg 1962 - 1963 Knut Ristesund 1963 - 1964 Bjarne J. Brandal 1964 - 1965 William Pettersen 1965 - 1967 Frank Hansen 1967 - 1968 Otto Vestel 1968 - 1969 Kristian Sneltvedt 1969 - 1970 Leif Andersen 1970 - 1971 Øystein Søvik 1971 - 1972 Odd Rojahn 1972 - 1973 Arne Plyhn 1973 - 1974 Hans Lauritz Naess 1974 - 1976 Kaare Fjeld1976 - 1977 Trygve Fure 13 Jun 1977 - 22 Nov 1977 Torvald Johnsen 22 Nov 1977 - 15 Jun 1978 F. Thomassen 15 Jun 1978 - 1979 Thor Henriksen 1979 - Apr 1980 Halvor Strandrud Apr 1980 - Oct 1981 Ronald Larssen Oct 1981 - Apr 1982 Helge Rud Apr 1982 - Oct 1983 Asbjørn Stein Oct 1983 - Apr 1984 Øyvin Brandtzaeg Apr 1984 - Oct 1985 Jomar Barlaup Oct 1985 - Apr 1986 Ole Juvik Apr 1986 - Oct 1987 Ståle Botten Oct 1987 - Apr 1988 Reidar Kjelstrup Apr 1988 - Oct 1989 Andreas Benjaminsen Oct 1989 - Oct 1990 Boye Mikalsen Oct 1990 - Oct 1991 Jens Ødegård Oct 1991 - Oct 1992 Bjomar Rollstad Oct 1992 - Oct 1993 Arne Nyland (1st time) Oct 1993 - Oct 1994 Per Sonvinsen Oct 1994 - Oct 1995 John J. Renberg + Arne Nyland (2nd time) (from Apr 1995) Oct 1995 - Apr 1996 Petter Grønnås Apr 1996 - Apr 1997 Per Hasse Anderssen Apr 1997 - Oct 1998 Thorbjorn Braset Oct 1998 - Oct 1999 Morten Andreas Hansen Oct 1999 - Oct 2000 Ragnar O. Olsen Oct 2000 - Oct 2001 Åge-Leif Godø (1st time)Oct 2001 - Apr 2002 Per Erik Hanevold (1st time)Apr 2002 - Apr 2003 Martin-Helge Simonsen Apr 2003 - Oct 2004 John Arvid Volden Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 Geir Evensen Apr 2005 - Apr 2006 Jørn Arild Thorvaldsen Apr 2006 - Oct 2007 Per Erik Hanevold(2nd time) + Kurt Spjelkavik (Apr - Oct 2006)Oct 2007 - Oct 2008 Åge-Leif Godø (2nd time)Oct 2008 - Oct 2009 Kristian Rubach Oct 2009 - Apr 2010 Ole Øiseth Apr 2010 - 30 Jul 2011 Per Erik Hanevold (3rd time) 30 Jul 2011 - 2 Aug 2011 Ulf Grøtta (acting) 2 Aug 2011 - 24 Mar 2012 Dag Willy Rasmussen 24 Mar 2012 - Thor Paul Gjelseth

¹personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station.

Early Norwegian Pre-unification polities

These polities predate the unification of Kingdom of Norway (traditional date 872) and continue, either in dissidence or subordinate to either Norway or a "foreign" power (Denmark, Sweden). Each of their rulers is styled Konge (king), except for Haalogaland whose rulers
were styled Jarl and from c.870 Ladejarl.

Agder

c.800 Under Vestfold.

Kings ... - ... Herbrandr Vígbrandsson... - ... Harald Herbrandsson"den grannraude"... - 872 Gudrød "Kjøtve" "den rike"

Alvheim

860 Annexed by Vestfold.

Kings
... - ...                  Alvgeir "Gamle"
... - ...                  Gandalv Alvgeirsson
... - ...                  Alv Gandalvsson
                           - jointly with -
... - ...                  Alfarin Gandalvsson
... - ...                  Alvgeir Alvsson
... - ...                  Gandalv Alvgeirsson
... - ...                  Hysing Gandalvsson
                           - jointly with following two -
... - ...                  Helving Gandalvsson
... - 860                  Hake Gandalvsson

Hedemarken

.... - 8.. Joined with Vestfold.

Kings... - 8..                  Øystein "den onde"8.. - 87.                  Sigtrygg Øysteinsson 86. - 87.    ØysteinØysteinsson... - 895                  Gudrød Haraldsson "Ljome"895 - ...                  Ragnvald Haraldsson "Rettilbein"... - ...                  Ring Haraldsson
... - ...                  Dag Haraldsson
... - 998                  Øyvind Finnsson "Skaldaspidle"
998 - 1018                 Rørik Dagsson (d. 1021)
                           - jointly with -
998 - 1018                 Ring Dagsson

Hordaland

Kings
... - ...                  Josur
... - ...                  Hjor Josursson
... - ...                  Hjorleif Hjorsson
... - 700                  Halv Hjorleifsson
700 - 720                  Hjor Halvsson
720 - ...                  Flein Hjorsson
c.780                      Hjor Fleinsson
c.820                      Geirmund Hjorsson "Heljarskinn"
... - 872                  Eirik

Haalogaland

Styles: Jarl, from c.870 Ladejarl (with reference to an obscure location term). The Jarls before c.800 are considered legendary.

c.962 - c.970 Ruled by Norway. 995 Part of Norway.

Jarls [Legendary list]... - ... Saeming Odinsson... - ... Godhjalt Saemingsson... - ... Sverdhjalt Godhjaltsson... - ... Hoddbrodd Sverdhjaltsson... - ... Himileig Hoddbroddsson... - ... Vedrhall Himileigsson... - ... Havard Vedrhallsson "Handramme"... - ... Godgest Havardsson... - ... Hemgest Godgestsson... - ... Godlaug Hemgestsson... - ... Gylaug Godlaugsson... - ... Mundil Gylaugsson "Gamle"... - ... Herse Mundilsson... - ... Brand Hersesson... - ... Brynjolf Brandsson... - ... Bård Brynjolfsson... - ... Hergils Baardsson... - ... Havard Hergilsson... - ... Harald Havardsson "Trygil"... - ... Trond Haraldsson... - ... Harald Trondsson "Naumdølajarl"... - ... Herlaug Haraldsson "Naumdølajarl"... - ... Grjotgard Herlaugsson Ladejarls88. - 91. Haakon Grjotagardsson "Gamle" 91. - c.962 Sigurd Haakonsson (b. c.89. - d. c.962)c.970 - 995 Haakon Sigurdsson "den mektige" (b. c.937 - d. 995)

Nordmør og Romsdal

Kings
... - 900                  Hundtjov
....- 872                  Gandalv
c.900                      Ring Dagsson
c.960                      Halvdan I Sigurdsson
.... - 1018                Sigurd Halvdansson "Syr"
                         (also in Romerike)
1018 - ....                Halvdan II Sigurdsson

Rogaland

Kings
... - ...                  Harald
... - ...                  Vikar Haraldsson
... - ...                  Vatnar Vikarsson
... - ...                  Snjal Vatnarsson
                           - jointly with -
... - ...                  Hjald Vatnarsson
... - ...                  Einar Snjalsson
c.800                      Ølve Einarsson "Barnakarl"
... - ...                  Einar Ølvesson
... - ...                  Olav Einarsson "Breid"
... - 872                  Tormod Olavsson "Skafte"

Romerike

c.800 Annexed to Hedemarken.
960 - 1018 Briefly revived.

Kings
... - ...                  Raum
... - ...                  Gudrød
... - ...                  Øystein Gudrødssonc.800                      Alvar 87. - c.880    Halvdan"Svarti"    (d. c.880)c.880 - c.932    Harald Haalfdanarson    (d. c.932)9.. - c.968                Trygve Olavsson (d. c.968)                              (also in Viken)... - 1018                 Sigurd Halvdansson "Syr"                              (also in Ringerike)

Sogn

860 Annexed to Vestfold.

Kings
... - ...                  Gor Thorsson
... - ...                  Bel
... - ...                  Thorstein
... - ...                  Fridtjof Thorsteinsson
... - 860                  Harald "Guldskjegg"

Solør

700 Annexed to Vestfold.

Kings... - ... Sólvarr ... - ... Halvdan "Gulltann"... - 700 Halvdan Olavsson "Hvitbein" (also in Vestfold)

Søndmør

Kings
... - ...                  Finnvid
... - ...                  Torarin Finnvidsson "Bullibak"
... - 872                  Arnvid Torarinsson

Trøndelagen

Kings
933 - ... Halvdan Haraldsson "Svarte"
... - 935 Sigfrød Haraldsson

Vestfold

Kings
... - ...                  Sigtrygg
... - ...                  Agnar Sigtryggsson
... - ...                  Eirik Agnarsson
... - 700                  Halvdan Olavsson "Hvitbein"
                             (also in Solør)
700 - 730                  Øystein Halvdansson "Fret"
730 - 784                  Halvdan Øysteinsson "den milde og den madilde"
784 - 824                  Gudrød Halvdansson "Veidekonge" "den storlatne"
824 - 840                  Olav Gudrødsson "Geirstad-alv"
840 - 863                  Halvdan Gudrødsson "Svarte"
863 - 872                  Harald Halvdansson "Hårfagre"      (b. c.850 - d. 933)
                             (Harald I "Hårfagre" king of Norway)
... - 924                  Bjørn Haraldsson "Farmann"
... - 963                  Gudrød Bjørnsson
963 - 995                  Harald Gudrødsson "Graenske"
                             (also in Agder, Viken)

Viken

Kings
... - 933                  Guttorm Haraldsson
933 - 935                  Olav Haraldsson
960 - 963                  Trygve Olavsson
                             (also in Romerike)
963 - 995                  Harald Gudrødsson "Graenske"
                             (also in Agder, Vestfold)