Foreign Concessions and Colonies

Chinese Eastern Railroad Zone  (CER)
 

Jul 1897 - 20 Sep 1924

18 Nov 1922 - 23 Mar 1935,                    18 Aug 1945 - 14 Feb 1950

12 Aug 1905 - 9 Feb 1933

Map of Chinese Eastern Railroad Zone

Headquarters: Harbin

Russian Population: 120,000 (1922)

27 Aug 1896                Russia and China sign contract for building Chinese
                             Eastern Railroad. 
17 Dec 1896                Chinese Eastern Railroad Society (Russian: Kitaisko-
                             Vostochnaya zheleznaya doroga [KVZhD]) established
                             in St. Petersburg, later moved to Vladivostok.
Jul 1897                   Construction begun on Chinese Eastern railroad, 1,481 km 
                             (Tarskaya - Hilar - Harbin - Nikolsk - Ussuriski). 
16 May 1898                Harbin headquarters established.
Aug 1898                   Defense for the Chinese Eastern Railroad (CER) across Manchuria
                             assumed by Russia, under the governor of Priamur.
 3 Nov 1901                Traffic opened, regular passenger traffic begun from
                             St. Petersburg to Vladivostok.
 1 Jul 1903                Chinese Eastern Railroad opened under (Russian controlled)
                             CER administration.
12 Aug 1903 -  1 Jul 1905  CER zone subordinated to viceroyalty of Far East (see Port Arthur).
 5 Sep 1905                Southern spur (Changchun to Port Arthur) ceded to
                             to Japan (from 1906 named South Manchurian Railway).
 1 Aug 1906                Ussurian line granted on 25 year lease to Russia.
Nov 1917 -  6 Nov 1920     CER zone administered by "White" Russian forces.
1919 - Nov 1922            Japanese forces garrison the CER zone.
 1 Jul 1920                Ussurian line separated from CER. 
 6 Nov 1920                Chinese government asserts control over the CER.
31 May 1924                CER administered by Soviet Union, part of Far Eastern region.
11 Jul 1929 - 22 Dec 1929  Chinese Nationalist authorities seize control of the CER.
23 Mar 1935                Southern spur transferred to Manchukuo by Japan.
                             and Northern spur of CER sold to Japan by U.S.S.R.
 1 Sep 1935                Soviet Union sells CER to Manchukuo for 140 million yen.
18 Aug 1945                Harbin liberated by Soviet troops.
18 Aug 1945 - 16 Sep 1952  Joint Sino-Soviet administration of the Chinese Eastern 
                             and South Manchurian Railroads.
16 Sep 1952                Soviet Union transfers its rights over railway lines to China.

Presidents of the Chinese Eastern Railroad Society (and from 31 May 1924, Directors-general)
17 Dec 1896 - Jan 1897     Stanislav Ippolitovich Kerbedz        (b. 1844 - d. 1906)
                             (acting)
1897 - Jul 1900            Hsu Ching Cheng (Xü Qingcheng)        (d. 1900)
1900 - 1919                Vacant
1919 - 1921                Chzhu Cin-Lan
1921 - Sep 1924            Sung Hsiao-lien (Song Xiaoliang)
Sep 1924 - 192.            Pao Kuei-ching (Bao Guiqing)          (b. 1865 - d. 1934)
192. - 192.                Liu Shan-chin
192. - 192.                Yui Chien-han
1927? - 1929               Lu Jung-huan
Dec 1929 - 193.            Ho Fu-mian
Directors (from 31 May 1924 Managers) of the Chinese Eastern Railroad and
Governors Chinese Eastern Railroad Zone (in Harbin)
 1 Jul 1903 -  6 Nov 1920  Dmitry Leonidovich Khorvat (Horvath)  (b. 1858 - d. 1937)
                             (from Feb 1917 Commissar; from 27 Apr 1918,
                             Director-Superintendent)
1920                       Priminov (acting)
1920 - 1921                Dmitry Kozakiewicz (acting)
 2 Feb 1921 - Nov 1924     Boris Vasilyevich Ostroumov
Nov 1924 - 1927            V. Ivanov
1927 - 10 Jul 1929         Aleksandr Ivanovich Yemshanov         (b. 1891 - d. 1941)
17 Dec 1929 - Mar 1935     Yuly Vikentyevich Rudyi               (b. 1887 - d. 1938)
1935 -  1 Apr 1937         Lev Vladimirovich Lemberg             (d. 1937)
18 Aug 1945 - 19..         Zhuravlyov

South Manchurian Railroad Zone (SMR)

    Southern Manchuria Railway Co.

 5 Sep 1905                Southern spur of Chinese Eastern Railway (Changchun to Port Arthur)
                             ceded to Japan by Russia.
1906                       South Manchuria Railway Company (Minami Manshu Tetsudo
                             Kabushiki-gaisha) founded by Japan.
23 Mar 1935                Transferred to Manchukuo by Japan.
1937                       South Manchurian Railroad Zone abolished.
1945                       SMR dissolved.

Presidents of the South Manchurian Railway Company (all from Japan)
13 Nov 1906 - 14 Jul 1908  Count Shinpei Goto                    (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
19 Dec 1908 - 18 Dec 1913  Yoshikoto Nakamura (Korekimi Nakamura)(b. 1867 - d. 1927) 
19 Dec 1913 - 15 Jul 1914  Ryutaro Nomura (1st time)
15 Jul 1914 - 31 Jul 1917  Yujiro Nakamura 
31 Jul 1917 - 12 Apr 1919  Shimbei Kunisawa 
12 Apr 1919 - 31 May 1921  Ryutaro Nomura (2nd time)
31 May 1921 - 14 Oct 1922  Senkichiro Hayakawa                   (b. 1863 - d. 1922)
24 Oct 1922 - 22 Jun 1924  Takeji Kawamura                       (b. 1871 - d. 1955) 
22 Jun 1924 - 19 Jul 1927  Banichiro Yasuhiro 
19 Jul 1927 - 14 Aug 1929  Jotaro Yamamoto                       (b. 1867 - d. 1936)
14 Aug 1928 - 13 Jun 1931  Mitsugu Sengoku 
13 Jun 1931 -  6 Jul 1932  Count Yasuya Uchida                   (b. 1865 - d. 1936)
26 Jul 1932 -  2 Aug 1935  Hakutaro Hayashi 
 2 Aug 1935 - 24 Mar 1939  Yosuke Matsuoka                       (b. 1880 - d. 1946) 
34 Mar 1939 - 14 Jul 1943  Takuichi Ohmura 
14 Jul 1943 - 11 Apr 1945  Naoto Kohiyama                        (b. 1886 - d. 19..) 
 5 May 1945 - 30 Sep 1945  Motoki Yamazaki 

Administrators (resident in Macau)
26 Jan 1841 - 12 Aug 1841  Charles Elliot                     (b. 1801 - d. 1875)
22 Jun 1841 - 26 Jun 1843  Alexander Robert Johnston          (b. 1812 - d. 1888)
                             (acting for Elliot and for Pottinger)
12 Aug 1841 - 26 Jan 1843  Sir Henry Eldred Curwen Pottinger  (b. 1789 - d. 1856)
Commanders-in-chief (resident in Hong Kong)
26 Jan 1841 -  1 Mar 1841  Sir James John Gordon Bremer       (b. 1786 - d. 1850)
 2 Mar 1841 - 22 Jun 1841  Sir Hugh Gough                     (b. 1779 - d. 1869)
Governors
26 Jun 1843 -  8 May 1844  Sir Henry Eldred Curwen Pottinger  (s.a.)
 8 May 1844 - 18 Mar 1848  John Francis Davis                 (b. 1795 - d. 1890)
                             (from Jul 1845, Sir John Francis Davis)
18 Mar 1848 - 21 Mar 1848  William Staveley (acting)          (b. 1784 - d. 1854)
21 Mar 1848 - 12 Apr 1854  Sir Samuel George Bonham           (b. 1803 - d. 1863)
Mar 1852 - Feb 1853        William Jervois (acting for Bonham)(b. 1784 - d. 1862)
13 Apr 1854 -  5 May 1859  Sir John Bowring                   (b. 1792 - d. 1972)
 5 May 1859 -  9 Sep 1859  William Caine (acting)             (b. 1800 - d. 1871)
 9 Sep 1859 - 15 Mar 1865  Sir Hercules George Robert         (b. 1824 - d. 1897)
                             Robinson
15 Mar 1865 - 11 Mar 1866  William T. Mercer (acting)         (b. 1821 - d. 1879)
11 Mar 1866 - 11 Apr 1872  Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell      (b. 1814 - d. 1881)
11 Apr 1877 - 16 Apr 1872  Henry Wase Whitflield (acting)     (b. 1809 - d. 1877) 
16 Apr 1872 -  1 Mar 1877  Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy          (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
15 Oct 1874 -  5 Nov 1874  John Gardiner Austin (1st time)    (b. 1811? - d. 1900)
                             (acting for Kennedy)
11 Mar 1875 -  2 Dec 1875  John Gardiner Austin (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting for Kennedy)
 1 Mar 1877 - 22 Apr 1877  John Gardiner Austin (3rd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
22 Apr 1877 -  7 Mar 1882  John Pope Hennessy                 (b. 1834 - d. 1891)
                             (from 21 Apr 1880, Sir John Pope Hennessy)
 7 Mar 1882 - 28 Mar 1882  Malcolm Struan Tonnochy (acting)
28 Mar 1882 - 30 Mar 1883  Sir William Henry Marsh (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1906)
                             (acting)
30 Mar 1883 - 21 Dec 1885  Sir George Ferguson Bowen          (b. 1821 - d. 1899)
21 Dec 1885 - 25 Apr 1887  Sir William Henry Marsh (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting)
25 Apr 1887 -  6 Oct 1887  William Gordon Cameron (acting)    (b. 1827 - d. 1913)
 6 Oct 1887 -  7 May 1891  Sir George William Des Voeux       (b. 1834 - d. 1909)
 7 May 1891 - 10 Dec 1891  George Digby Barker (acting)       (b. 1833 - d. 1914)
10 Dec 1891 -  1 Feb 1898  Sir William Robinson               (b. 1836 - d. 1912)
 1 Feb 1898 - 25 Nov 1898  Wilsone Black (acting)             (b. 1837 - d. 1909)
25 Nov 1898 - 21 Nov 1903  Sir Henry Arthur Blake             (b. 1840 - d. 1918)
21 Nov 1903 - 29 Jul 1904  Francis Henry May (1st time)       (b. 1860 - d. 1922)
                             (acting)
29 Jul 1904 - 20 Apr 1907  Sir Matthew Nathan                 (b. 1862 - d. 1939)
20 Apr 1907 - 29 Jul 1907  Sir Francis Henry May (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)
29 Jul 1907 - 16 Mar 1912  Sir Frederick John Dealtry Lugard  (b. 1858 - d. 1945)
16 Mar 1912 - 24 Jul 1912  Claud Severn (1st time) (acting)   (b. 1869 - d. 1933)
24 Jul 1912 - 12 Sep 1918  Sir Francis Henry May (3rd time)   (s.a.)
12 Sep 1918 - 30 Sep 1919  Claud Severn (2nd time) (acting)   (s.a.)
30 Sep 1919 - 19 Mar 1925  Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs         (b. 1876 - d. 1947)
19 Mar 1925 -  1 Nov 1925  Claud Severn (3rd time) (acting)   (s.a.)
 1 Nov 1925 -  1 Feb 1930  Sir Cecil Clementi                 (b. 1875 - d. 1947)
 1 Feb 1930 -  9 Mar 1930  Wilfrid Thomas Southorn (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1957) 
                             (acting)
 9 May 1930 - 17 May 1935  Sir William Peel                   (b. 1875 - d. 1945)
17 May 1935 - 13 Sep 1935  Sir Wilfrid Thomas Southorn        (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time) (acting)
13 Sep 1935 -  1 Nov 1935  Norman Lockhart Smith (1st time)   (b. 1887 - d. 1968)
                             (acting)
 1 Nov 1935 - 12 Dec 1935  Sir Wilfrid Thomas Southorn        (s.a.) 
                             (3rd time) (acting)
12 Dec 1935 - 16 Apr 1937  Sir Andrew Caldecott               (b. 1884 - d. 1951)
16 Apr 1937 - 28 Oct 1937  Norman Lockhart Smith (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)
28 Oct 1937 -  6 Sep 1941  Sir Geoffrey Alexander Stafford    (b. 1881 - d. 1948)
                             Northcote
Apr 1940 -  6 Aug 1940     Norman Lockhart Smith (3rd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting for Northcote)
 6 Aug 1940 - 13 Mar 1941  Edward Felix Norton                (b. 1884 - d. 1954)
                             (acting for Northcote) 
 6 Sep 1941 - 10 Sep 1941  Norman Lockhart Smith (4th time)   (b. 1887 - d. 1968)
                             (acting)
10 Sep 1941 - May 1947     Sir Mark Aitchinson Young          (b. 1886 - d. 1974)
                             (Japanese prisoner 25 Dec 1941 - 16 Aug 1945) 
25 Dec 1941 - 20 Feb 1942  Takashi Sakai                      (b. 1887 - d. 1946) 
                           + Masaichi Niimi                   (b. 1887 - d. 1993)
                           (military chiefs)
20 Feb 1942 - 24 Dec 1944  Rensuke Isogai                     (b. 1886 - d. 1967)
 1 Feb 1945 - 16 Aug 1945  Hisaichi Tanaka                    (b. 1889 - d. 1947)
28 Aug 1945 - 30 Aug 1945  Franklin Charles Gimson            (b. 1890 - d. 1975)
                             (chief of provisional government)
 1 Sep 1945 -  1 May 1946  Sir Cecil Harcourt                 (b. 1892 - d. 1959)
                             (military governor)
May 1947 - 25 Jul 1947     David Mercer MacDougall (acting)   (b. 1904 - d. 1991)
25 Jul 1947 - Dec 1957     Sir Alexander William Grantham     (b. 1899 - d. 1978)
Dec 1957 - 23 Jan 1958     Edgeworth Beresford David (acting) (b. 1908 - d. 1965)
23 Jan 1958 - Mar 1964     Sir Robert Brown Black             (b. 1906 - d. 1999)
Mar 1964 - 14 Apr 1964     Edmund Brinsley Teesdale (acting)  (b. 1915 - d. 1997)
14 Apr 1964 - Oct 1971     Sir David Clive Crosbie Trench     (b. 1915 - d. 1988)
Oct 1971 - 19 Nov 1971     Sir Hugh Selby Norman-Walker       (b. 1916 - d. 1985)
                             (acting)
19 Nov 1971 - Apr 1982     Sir Murray MacLehose               (b. 1917 - d. 2000)
Apr 1982 - 20 May 1982     Sir Philip Haddon-Cave (acting)    (b. 1925 - d. 1999)
20 May 1982 -  4 Dec 1986  Sir Edward Youde                   (b. 1924 - d. 1986)
 4 Dec 1986 -  9 Apr 1987  Sir David Akers-Jones (acting)     (b. 1927)
 9 Apr 1987 -  9 Jul 1992  Sir David Wilson                   (b. 1935)
                             (from 14 Feb 1992, David Wilson,
                             Baron Wilson of Tillyorn) 
 9 Jul 1992 - 30 Jun 1997  Christopher "Chris" Patten         (b. 1944)

14 Nov 1897                Kiaochow (Tsingtao) Bay (Kiautschou) occupied by Germany.
 6 Mar 1898                Leased for 99 years to Germany.
23 Aug 1914                China cancels German lease.
 7 Nov 1914                Occupied by Japan.
10 Dec 1922                Returned to China.
10 Jan 1938 - Sep 1945     Re-occupied by Japan.

Military Governor
14 Nov 1897 -  7 Mar 1898  Otto von Diederichs               (b. 1843 - d. 1918)
Governors
 7 Mar 1898 - 19 Feb 1899  Carl Rosendahl                    (b. 1852 - d. 1917)
19 Feb 1899 - 27 Jan 1901  Otto Ferdinand Paul Jäschke       (b. 1851 - d. 1901)
27 Jan 1901 -  8 Jun 1901  Max Rollmann (acting)             (b. 1857 - d. 1942)
 8 Jun 1901 - 19 Aug 1911  Oskar Truppel                     (b. 1854 - d. 1931)
19 Aug 1911 -  7 Nov 1914  Alfred Meyer-Waldeck              (b. 1864 - d. 1928)
Military Governors
 7 Nov 1914 - 1919         Mitsuomi Kamio                    (b. 1856 - d. 1925)
1919 - 10 Dec 1922         Mitsue Yuhi                       (b. 1860 - d. 1940)

           27 May 1898 - 28 Feb 1946

Map of Kwangchowan

Capital: Port-Bayard

Population: 250,000 (1935)

27 May 1898                French leased territory (Territoire de Kouang-Tchéou-wan).
 5 Jan 1900                Subordinated to Tonkin in French Indochina.
Jun 1940 - Feb 1943        Administration loyal to Free France.
Feb 1943 - Sep 1945        Occupied by Japan.
30 Jul 1943                Retroceded to the Japanese sponsored Chinese National 
                             Government by Vichy France (not recognized by 
                             Free French or the Republic of China).
28 Feb 1946                Lease vacated by France, restored to China; Port-Bayard
                             renamed Zhanjiang (Chan-chiang).

Administrators (from 1900, subordinated to French Residents at Tonkin in 
French Indochina [see under Vietnam])
1898 - 1900                Charles Louis Théobald             (b. 1842 - d. 1902)
                             Courrejolles 
1900 - 1902                Gustave Alby (1st time)            (b. 1855 - d. 1920)
1902 - 1903                Théophile Henri Bergès
1903 - 1906                Gustave Alby (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1906 - 1908                Jean-Fernand Gautret               (b. 1862 - d. 1912)
1908 - 1910                Henri Victor Sestier               (b. 1857 - d. 19..)
1910 -  1 Apr 1910         Paul Edgar Dufrénil                (b. 1856 - d. 19..)
1910 - 1911                ....
1911 - 1912                Jean Ernest Moulié
1912                       Pierre Stéphane Salabelle
1912 - 1915                Henri Jean Auguste Caillard        (b. 1872 - d. 19..)
1915 - Nov 1917            Marius Albert Garnier              (b. 1870 - d. 1929)
Nov 1917 - 1919            ....
1919 - 1922                Jean-Félix Krautheimer (1st time)  (b. 1874 - d. 1943)
1922                       Paul Marie Alexis Joseph Blanchard 
                             de la Brosse (1st time)
1922 - 1923                Jean-Félix Krautheimer (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1923 - 1925                Paul Michel Achille Quesnel
1925 - 1927                Paul Marie Alexis Joseph Blanchard 
                             de la Brosse (2nd time)
1927 - 1929                Louis Félix Marie Édouard Rivet    (b. 1869 - d. 19..)
1929 - 1932                Achille Louis Auguste Sylvestre
1932 - 1933                Pierre Charles Edmond Jabouille
1933 - 1934                Paul Delamarre
1934 - 1936                Maurice Émile Henri de Tastes
1936 - 1937                Camille Fernand Chapoulart
1937 - 1942                Jacques Henri Paul Le Prevôt
1942                       Louis Frédéric Claire Guillaume
                             Marty
1942 - 1943                Pierre Marie Jean Domec
Feb 1943 - Sep 1945        .... (Japanese commanders)
194. - 1946                Raymond Barthelemy

21 Nov 1894                Japanese occupy Port Arthur (Lüshun).
17 Apr 1895                Port Arthur (Lüshun) ceded to Japan by China 
                             under Treaty of Shimonoseki.
 5 May 1895                Russia, France, and Germany force Japan to retrocede 
                             the territory to China.
27 Dec 1897                Occupied by Russia.
27 Mar 1898                Port Arthur (Dalny) a Russian leased territory of Kwantung
                             (Kvantunskaya oblast).
12 Aug 1903                Seat of Russian Viceroyalty of the Far East.
 2 Jan 1905                Occupied by Japan.
 5 Sep 1905                Japanese leased territory (Kwantung Territory),
                             Port Arthur renamed Ryojun (Dairen).
12 Apr 1919                Civil administration replaces military.
23 Aug 1945                Occupied by Soviet Union.
Sep 1945 - 11 Oct 1955     Joint rule by Soviet Union and China.
11 Oct 1955                Fully re-incorporated into China.

Japanese Military Governor
21 Nov 1894 -  5 May 1895  Count Nogi Maresuke                (b. 1843 - d. 1912)
Russian Military Governors
27 Dec 1897 - 13 May 1898  Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov         (b. 1845 - d. 1912)
                            (commander of Russian Pacific fleet)
13 May 1898 - 1898         Oskar Viktorovich Stark            (b. 1846 - d. 1828)
Administrator
1898 - 1899                Dean Ivanovich Subovic             (b. 1852 - d. 1920)
Chief administrators (from 30 Jul 1903, also Governors of the Far East)
19 Aug 1899 - 25 Oct 1904  Yevgeny Ivanovich Alekseyev        (b. 1843 - d. 1918)
                            (from 30 Jul 1903, Viceroy)
 5 May 1904 -  1 Jan 1905  Anatoly Mikhailovich Stessel       (b. 1848 - d. 1915)
                            (acting [for Aleksyev to 25 Oct 1904])
Military governor
 2 Jan 1905 - 18 Oct 1905  Baron Yasukata Oku                 (b. 1847 - d. 1939)
Governors-general
18 Oct 1905 - 26 Apr 1912  Baron Yoshimasa Oshima             (b. 1850 - d. 1926)
                            (from 1906, Viscount Yoshimasa Oshima)
26 Apr 1912 - 15 Sep 1914  Baron Yasumasa Fukushima           (b. 1852 - d. 1919)
15 Sep 1914 - 31 Jul 1917  Baron Satoru Nakamura              (b. 1854 - d. 1925)
31 Jul 1917 - 11 Apr 1919  Baron Yujiro Nakamura              (b. 1852 - d. 1928)
Governors
12 Apr 1919 - 24 May 1920  Baron Gonsuke Hayashi              (b. 1860 - d. 1939)
24 May 1920 -  8 Sep 1922  Isaburo Yamagata                   (b. 1857 - d. 1927)
 8 Sep 1922 - 19 Sep 1923  Baron Hikokichi Ijuin              (b. 1864 - d. 1924)
26 Sep 1923 - 17 Dec 1927  Hideo Kodama                       (b. 1876 - d. 1947)
17 Dec 1927 -  7 Aug 1929  Kenjiro Kinoshita                  (b. 1869 - d. 1947)
 7 Aug 1929 - 16 Jan 1931  Masahiro Ota                       (b. 1870 - d. 1951)
16 Jan 1931 - 11 Jan 1932  Seiji Tsukamoto                    (b. 1872 - d. 1945)
11 Jan 1932 -  8 Aug 1932  Mannosuke Yamaoka                  (b. 1876 - d. 1968)
 8 Aug 1932 - 27 Jul 1933  Baron Nobuyoshi Muto               (b. 1868 - d. 1933)
28 Jul 1933 - 10 Dec 1934  Takashi Hishikari                  (b. 1871 - d. 1952)
10 Dec 1934 -  6 Mar 1936  Jiro Minami                        (b. 1874 - d. 1955)
 6 Mar 1936 -  7 Sep 1939  Kenkichi Ueda                      (b. 1875 - d. 1962)
 7 Sep 1939 - 18 Jul 1944  Yoshijiro Umezu                    (b. 1882 - d. 1949)
18 Jul 1944 - 23 Aug 1945  Otozo Yamada                       (b. 1881 - d. 1965)
Soviet Commandants
1945 - 194.                Vladimir Dmitriyevich Ivanov       (b. 1900 - d. 1968)
1947 - 1953                Afanasy Pavlantyevich Beloborodov  (b. 1903 - d. 1990)
May 1953 - 1955            Vasily Ivanovich Shvetsov          (b. 1898 - d. 1958)

Commanders of the Pacific Fleet at Port Arthur 
(subordinated to administrators)
Mar 1898 - May 1898        Nikolay Romanovich Grevé (acting)  (b. 1853 - d. 1913)
                             (1st time)
13 May 1898 - 18 Oct 1902  Oskar Viktorovich Starck           (s.a.)
1902 - 1904                Nikolay Romanovich Grevé (2nd time)(s.a.)
Apr 1904 -  1 Jan 1905     Ivan Konstantinovich Grigoryevich  (b. 1853 - d. 1930)

Captains-major
1557                       Francisco Martins
1557 - 1558                Leonel de Sousa
1558 – 1559                Diogo Pereira
1559 - 1560                Rui Barreto
1560 - 1561                Manuel de Mendonça
1561 - 1562                Fernão de Sousa
1562 - 1563                Pero Barreto Rolim
1563 - 1565                Diogo Pereira
1565 - 1566                João Pedro Pereira
1566 - 1567                Simão de Mendonça (1st time)
1567 - 1568                Tristão Vaz da Veiga (1st time)
1568 - 1569                António de Sousa
1569 - 1571                Manuel Travassos
1571 - 1572                Tristão Vaz da Veiga (2nd time)
1572 - 1573                João de Almeida (1st time)
1573 - 1574                António de Vilhena Manuel
1574 - 1575                Simão de Mendonça (1st time)
1575 - 1576                Vasco Pereira
1576 - 1579                Domingos Monteiro (1st time)
1579 - 1570                Lionel Brito
1580 - 1581                Miguel da Gama
1581 - 1582                Inácio de Lima
1582 - 1583                João de Almeida (2nd time)
1583 - 1585                Aires Gonçalves de Miranda
1585 - 1586                Francisco Pais
1586 - 1587                Domingos Monteiro (2nd time)
1587 - 1589                Jerónimo Pereira
1589 - 1590                ....
1590 - 1591                Anrique da Costa
1591 - 1592                Roque de Melo Pereira
1592 - 1593                Domingos Monteiro (3rd time)
1593 - 1594                Gaspar Pinto da Rocha
1594 - 1595                Francisco de Sa
                             (did not take office)
1595 - 1596                Manuel de Miranda
1596 - 1597                Rui Mendes de Figuieredo
1597 - 1598                ....
1598 - 1599                Nunho de Mendonça
1599 - 1603                Paulo de Portugal
1603 - 1604                Gonçalo Rodrigues de Sousa
1604 - 1605                João Caiado de Gambôa
1605 - 1607                Diogo de Vasconcelos de Meneses
                             (1st time)
1607 - 1610                André Pessôa
1610 - 1611                Diogo de Vasconcelos de Meneses
                             (2nd time)
1611 - 1612                Pedro Martins Gaio
1612 - 1614                Miguel de Sousa Pimentel
1614 - 1615                João Serrão da Cunha
1615 - 1616                Martim da Cunha
1616 - 1617                Francisco Lopes Carrasco
1617 - 1618                Lopo Sarmento de Carvalho (1st time)(d. 1645)
1618 - 1619                António de Oliveira de Morais
1619 - 1620                Jerónimo de Macedo de Carvalho
1621 - 1622                Lopo Sarmento de Carvalho (2nd time)(s.a.)
1622 - 1623                Frei Antonio do Rosario
                             (president of governing Junta)
Governors
 7 Jul 1623 - 1626         Francisco Mascarenhas
19 Jul 1626 - 1629         Filipe Lôbo
1630 - 1631                Jerónimo da Silveira
 1 Dec 1631 - 1636         Manuel da Câmara de Noronha
Aug 1636 - 1638            Domingos da Câmara de Noronha
Aug 1638 - 1644            Sebastião Lôbo da Silveira
Aug 1645 - 1646            Luís de Carvalho de Sousa
1646                       Diogo Coutinho Doçem
Aug 1647 - 1650            João Pereira
Aug 1650 - 1654            João de Sousa Pereira
Aug 1654 - 1664            Manuel Tavares Bocarro
22 Jul 1664 - 1666         Manuel Coelho da Silva
31 Aug 1667 - 1670         Álvaro da Silva
20 Jul 1670 - 1672         Manuel Borges da Silva
20 Jul 1672 - 1677         António Barbosa Lôbo
10 Dec 1678 - 1679         António de Castro Sande
10 Dec 1679 - 1682         Luís de Melo Sampaio               (d. 1697)
10 Dec 1682 - 1685         Belchior do Amaral de Meneses
 5 Jul 1685 - 1688         António de Mesquita Pimentel
31 Jul 1688 - 1691         André Coelho Vieira
21 Jul 1691 - 1693         Francisco da Costa
23 Nov 1693 - 1694         António da Silva e Melo
21 Jul 1694 - 1697         Gil Vaz Lôbo Freire
17 Aug 1697 - 1697         Cosme Rodrigues de Carvalho e Sousa
28 Sep 1697 - 1698         Chamber Senate
 9 Aug 1698 - 1700         Pedro Vaz de Sequeira (1st time)
 5 Aug 1700 - 1702         Diogo de Melo Sampaio
22 Jul 1702 - 1703         Pedro Vaz de Sequeira (2nd time)
15 Aug 1703 - 1706         José da Gama Machado
 5 Aug 1706 - 1710         Diogo do Pinho Teixeira
28 Jul 1710 - 1711         Francisco de Melo e Castro
11 Jun 1711 - 1714         António de Sequeira de Noronha
18 Jul 1714 - 1718         Francisco de Alarcão de Souto-Maior
30 May 1718 - 1719         António de Albuquerque de Carvalho (b. c.1685 - d. 17..)
 9 Sep 1719 - 1722         António da Silva Telo de Meneses   (b. c.1660 - d. 17..)
19 Aug 1722 - 1724         Cristóvão de Severim Manuel
 6 Sep 1724 - 1727         António Carneiro de Alcáçova
11 Aug 1727 - 1732         António Moniz Barreto
18 Aug 1732 - 1735         António do Amaral e Meneses
15 Jan 1735 - 1735         João do Casal
 4 Aug 1735 - 1738         Cosme Damião Pinto Pereira (1st time)
25 Aug 1738 - 1743         Manuel Pereira Coutinho
25 Aug 1743 - 1747         Cosme Damião Pinto Pereira (2nd time)
30 Aug 1747 - 1749         António José Teles de Meneses
 2 Aug 1749 - 1752         João Manuel de Melo
29 Jul 1752 - 1755         Rodrigo de Castro (1st time)
14 Jul 1755 - 1758         Francisco António Pereira Coutinho
 1 Jul 1758 - 1761         Diogo Pereira de Castro            (b. 1717 - d. 1772)
 4 Jul 1761 - 1764         António de Mendonça Côrte-Real     (b. 1717 - d. 1774)
14 Jul 1764 - 1767         José Plácido de Matos Saraiva
19 Aug 1767 - 1770         Diogo Fernandes Salema e Saldanha
                             (1st time)
29 Jul 1770 - 1771         Rodrigo de Castro (2nd time)
26 Jul 1771 - 1777         Diogo Fernandes Salema e Saldanha
                             (2nd time)
27 Jan 1777 - 1778         Alexandre da Silva Pedrosa
                             Guimarães
 1 Aug 1778 - 1780         João Vicente Ferreira da Silveira  (b. 1728 - d. ....)
                             e Meneses
 5 Jan 1780 - 1781         António José da Costa
28 Aug 1781 - 1783         Francisco de Castro
18 Aug 1783 - 1788         Bernardo Aleixo de Lemos e Faria   (b. 1754 - d. 1826)
                             (1st time)
21 Jul 1788 - 16 Jul 1789  Francisco Xavier de Mendonça       (b. c.1740 - d. 1789) 
                             Côrte-Real
18 Jul 1789 - 1790         Lázaro da Silva Ferreira
29 Jul 1790 - 1793         Vasco Luís Carneiro de Sousa e Faro
27 Jul 1793 - 1797         José Manuel Pinto (1st time)
 8 Aug 1797 - 1800         Cristóvão Pereira de Castro        (b. 1733 - d. 1805)
 8 Aug 1800 - 1803         José Manuel Pinto (2nd time)
 8 Aug 1803 - 1806         Caetano de Sousa Pereira
 8 Aug 1806 - 1808         Bernardo Aleixo de Lemos e Faria   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
11 Sep 1808 - 18 Dec 1808  William O'Brien Drury              (b. 1754 - d. 1811)
                             (British commander)
26 Dec 1808 - 1810         Lucas José de Alvarenga (1st time) (b. 1768 - d. 1831)
19 Jul 1810 - 1814         Bernardo Aleixo de Lemos Faria     (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
19 Jul 1814 - 1817         Lucas José de Alvarenga (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Jul 1817 –  9 Aug 1822  José Osório de Castro Cabral de    (b. 1779 - d. 1857)
                             Albuquerque
 9 Aug 1822 – 23 Sep 1822  Paulino da Silva Barbosa
23 Sep 1822 – 28 Jul 1825  Government Council
                           - Frei Francisco de Nossa Senhora
                             da Luz Chacim (1st time)         (b. 1767 - d. 1828)
                           - João Cabral de Estefique
                           - Joaquim Antonio da Silva                
28 Jul 1825 - 1827         Joaquim Mourão Garcez Palha        (b. 1775 - d. 1850)
15 Nov 1827 –  7 Jul 1830  Government Council
                           - Frei Francisco de Nossa Senhora
                             da Luz Chacim (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                              (to 18..)
                           - Ignacio da Silva (from 18..)
                           - José Filippe Pires da Costa
                           - Alexandre Joaquim Grand-Pré
                              (to 18..)
                           - Dyonisio de Mello Sampaio
                              (from 18..)           
 7 Jul 1830 - 1833         João Cabral de Estefique           (b. 1780 - d. 1854)
 3 Jul 1833 - 1837         Bernardo José de Sousa Soares      (b. 1795 - d. 18..)
                             de Andrea
23 Feb 1837 - 1843         Adrião Acácio da Silveira Pinto
 3 Oct 1843 - 1846         José Gregório Pegado
21 Apr 1846 - 22 Aug 1849  João Maria Ferreira do Amaral      (b. 1803 - d. 1849)
22 Aug 1849 - 1850         Government Council
                           - Jerônimo José da Mata (1st time) (b  1804 - d. 1865)
                           - Joaquim Antonio de Moraes
                             Carneiro (1st time)
                           - Ludgero Joaquim de Faria Neves
                             (1st time)
                           - Miguel Pereira Simões (1st time)
                           - José Bernardino Goularte
                             (1st time)
                           - Manuel Pereira (1st time)                           
30 May 1850 -  6 Jul 1850  Pedro Alexandrino da Cunha         (b. 1801 - d. 1850)
 7 Jul 1850 - 1851         Government Council
                           - Jerônimo José da Mata (2nd time) (s.a.)
                           - Joaquim Antonio de Moraes
                             Carneiro (2nd time)
                           - Ludgero Joaquim de Faria Neves
                             (2nd time)
                           - Miguel Pereira Simões (2nd time)
                           - José Bernardino Goularte
                             (2nd time)
                           - Manuel Pereira (2nd time)                           
 3 Feb 1851 - 1851         Francisco António Gonçalves        (b. 1800 - d. 1875)
                             Cardoso
19 Nov 1851 - 1863         Isidoro Francisco Guimarães,       (b. 1808 - d. 1883)
                            (from 1862) visconde da Praia
                             Grande de Macau
22 Jun 1863 - 1866         José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral    (b. 1808 - d. 1873)
26 Oct 1866 - 1868         José Maria da Ponte e Horta        (b. 1858 - d. 1927)
 3 Aug 1868 - 1872         António Sérgio de Sousa            (b. 1809 - d. 1878)
23 Mar 1872 - 1874         Januário Correia de Almeida,       (b. 1829 - d. 1901) 
                             visconde de São Januário 
 7 Dec 1874 - 1876         José Maria Lôbo de Ávila           (b. 1817 - d. 1889)
31 Dec 1876 - 17 Oct 1879  Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva,   (b. 1834 - d. 1905)
                             visconde de Paço de Arcos    
17 Oct 1879 – 28 Nov 1879  Manuel Bernardo de Sousa Enes      (b. 1814 - d. 1887)
                             (president of Government Council)
28 Nov 1879 – 24 Mar 1883  Joaquim José da Graça              (b. 1825 - d. 1889)
24 Mar 1883 – 23 Apr 1883  Government Council (incomplete)  
                           - Francisco Alves Morgado Jr.          
                           - João José da Silva               (b. 1845 - d. 1927)
23 Apr 1883 -  7 Aug 1886  Tomás de Sousa Rósa                (b. 1844 - d. 1918)
 7 Aug 1886 - 13 Oct 1888  Firmino José da Costa              (b. 1843 - d. 1893)
13 Oct 1888 –  5 Feb 1889  João José da Silva                 (s.a.)
                             (president of Government Council) 
 5 Feb 1889 - 1890         Francisco Teixeira da Silva        (b. 1826 - d. 1894)
16 Oct 1890 - 24 Mar 1894  Custódio Miguel de Borja           (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
24 Mar 1894 - 15 Feb 1897  José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa
                             (1st time)                       (b. 1858 - d. 1927)
15 Feb 1897 – 12 Mar 1897  Alvaro Maria Fornelos 
                             (president of Government Council) 
12 Mar 1897 - 21 Apr 1900  Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo (b. 1845 - d. 1908)
21 Apr 1900 – 12 Aug 1900  José Manuel de Carvalho            (b. 1844 - d. 1904)
                             (president of Government Council)             
12 Aug 1900 - 1902         José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa 
                             (2nd time)                       (s.a.)
17 Dec 1902 - 10 Dec 1903  Arnaldo Nogueira de Novaes Guedes
                             Rebelo                           (b. 1847 - d. 1917)
10 Dec 1903 -  5 Apr 1904  João Paulino de Azevedo e Castro   (b. 1852 - d. 1918)
                            (president of council of government) 
 5 Apr 1904 - 1907         Martinho Pinto de Queirós          (b. 1847 - d. 1919)
                             Montenegro
1907 –  6 Apr 1907         José Emilio de Santana da Cunha
                             Castel-Branco (acting)
 6 Apr 1907 – 14 May 1908  Pedro de Azevedo Coutinho          (b. 1865 - d. 1942)
14 May 1908 – 18 Aug 1908  Francisco Diogo de Sá (acting) 
18 Aug 1908 – 22 Sep 1909  José Augusto Alves Roçadas         (b. 1865 - d. 1926)
22 Sep 1909 - 1910         Eduardo Augusto Marquês            (b. 1867 - d. 1944)
1910 – 17 Dec 1910         João Marques Vidal (acting)     
17 Dec 1910 – 14 Jul 1912  Álvaro Cardoso de Melo Machado     (b. 1883 - d. 1970)
14 Jul 1912 - 16 Jun 1914  Aníbal Augusto Sanches de Miranda  (b. 1865 - d. 1939)
16 Jun 1914 – 10 Jun 1914  José Maria Martins Pereira (acting) 
10 Jun 1914 –  5 Sep 1916  José Carlos da Maia                (b. 1878 - d. 1921)
 5 Sep 1916 – 22 Jun 1917  Manuel Ferreira da Rocha           (b. 1885 - d. 1951)
22 Jun 1917 - 21 Dec 1917  Fernando Augusto Vieira de Matos
21 Dec 1917 - 12 Oct 1918  Council of Government
                           - Américo Guilherme Botelho de     (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
                               Sousa
                           - José David Freire Garcia
                           - Manuel Ferreira da Rocha   
12 Oct 1918 – 17 Jul 1919  Artur Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa   (b. 1880 - d. 1940)
                             (1st time)
17 Jul 1919 – 23 Aug 1919  Joaquim Augusto Tomé dos Santos
                             (acting)  
23 Aug 1919 - 20 May 1922  Henrique Monteiro Corrêa da Silva  (b. 1878 - d. 1935)
20 May 1922 -  5 Jan 1923  Luís Antonio de Magalhães Corrêa   (b. 1873 - d. 1960)
                             (acting)
 5 Jan 1923 - 16 Jul 1924  Rodrigo José Rodrigues             (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
16 Jul 1924 - 18 Oct 1925  Joaquim Augusto Tomé dos Santos    (b. 1867 - d. 1954)
                             (acting)
18 Oct 1925 -  1 Aug 1926  Manuel Firmino de Almeida Maia     (b. 1881 - d. 1932)
                             Magalhães
 1 Aug 1926 -  8 Dec 1926  Hugo Carvalho Lacerda Castelo      (b. 1860 - d. 1944)
                             Branco (acting)
 8 Dec 1926 –  5 Apr 1929  Artur Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa   (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time) 
 5 Apr 1929 – 30 Mar 1931  João Pereira de Magalhães          (b. 1873 - d. 1933) 
                             (1st time) (acting)
30 Mar 1931 – 15 Oct 1931  Joaquim Anselmo da Mata e Oliveira (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
15 Oct 1931 – 21 Jun 1932   João Pereira de Magalhães         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
21 Jun 1932 - 19 Sep 1935  António José Bernardes de Miranda  (b. 1885 - d. 1957)
19 Sep 1935 - 24 Dec 1936  João Pereira Barbosa
24 Dec 1936 -  7 Feb 1937  António Joaquim Godinho Ferreira   (b. 1887 - d. 1947)
                             da Silva Júnior
 7 Feb 1937 – 11 Apr 1937  João Pinto Crisóstomo (acting)
11 Apr 1937 - 10 Jul 1940  Artur Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa   (s.a.)
                             (3rd time) 
10 Jul 1940 - 29 Oct 1940  José Rodrigues Moutinho (acting)   (b. 1904 - d. 1984)
29 Oct 1940 - 1946         Gabriel Maurício Teixeira          (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
1946 –  1 Sep 1947         Samuel Conceição Vieira (acting)
 1 Sep 1947 - 19 Apr 1951  Albano Rodrigues de Oliveira       (b. 1904 - d. 1973)
19 Apr 1951 – 23 Nov 1951  Aires Pinto Ribeiro
                             (government Comissioner)
23 Nov 1951 – 22 Jun 1956  Joaquim Marquês Esparteiro         (b. 1895 - d. 1976)
22 Jun 1956 – 27 Nov 1956  João Carlos Guedes Quinhones de
                             Portugal da Silveira
                             (government commissioner)  
27 Nov 1956 - 1958         Pedro Correia de Barros            (b. 1911 - d. 1968)
1958 - 1959                Manuel Peixoto Nunes
18 Sep 1959 - 17 Apr 1962  Jaime Silvério Marques             (b. 1915 - d. 1986)
17 Apr 1962 – Jul 1966     António Adriano Faria Lopes dos    (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
                             Santos
Jul 1966 – 25 Nov 1966     Carlos Armando da Mota Cerveira    (b. 1920 - d. 1981)
                             (acting)
25 Nov 1966 – 29 Sep 1974  José Manuel Sousa Faro Nobre       (b. 1910 - d. 1988)
                             Carvalho
29 Sep 1974 – 13 Nov 1974  Government Commissioner
13 Nov 1974 -  1 Feb 1979  José Eduardo Martinho Garcia       (b. 1940?)
                             Leandro                   
 1 Feb 1979 – 28 Nov 1979  Victor Manuel de Oliveira Santos
                             (acting)  
28 Nov 1979 - 24 Feb 1981  Nuno Viriato Tavares de Melo       (b. 1922 - d. 2011)
                             Egídio                    
24 Feb 1981 - 16 Jun 1981  José Carlos Moreira Campos
                             (acting)
16 Jun 1981 – Jan 1986     Vasco Fernando Leotte de Almeida   (b. 1932 - d. 2010)
                             e Costa                       
Jan 1986 – 15 May 1986     Manuel Maria Amaral de Freitas
                             (acting)   
15 May 1986 – Mar 1987     Joaquim Germano Pinto Machado      (b. 1930 - d. 2011)
                             Correia da Silva
Mar 1987 – Aug 1987        Carlos Augusto Valente Pulido      (b. 1942)
                              Monjardino (acting)      
Aug 1987 - 28 Sep 1990     Carlos Montez Melancia             (b. 1927)
28 Sep 1990 - 23 Apr 1991  Francisco Luis Murteira Nabo       (b. 1939)
                            (acting)                  
23 Apr 1991 - 19 Dec 1999  Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira         (b. 1939)

Japanese Advisors (Japanese Consul in Macau)
(formally in charge of contacts with Portuguese governor) 
1943? -  3 Feb 1945        Fukui Yasumitsu                    (d. 1945)
1945                       Mitsujiro Iwai